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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*











<-- Begin file 1 of 10:  Version 0.4 of

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           Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary



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<-- p. 1 -->



<centered><point26>A.</point26></centered>



<hw>A</hw> <pr>(<it>named \'be in the English, and most commonly

\'84 in other languages</it>)</pr>. <def> The first letter of the

English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the

alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter

(a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all

descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek

<spn>Alpha</spn>, of the same form; and this was made from the

first letter (<xex>Aleph</xex>, and itself from the Egyptian

origin. The <xex>Aleph</xex> was a consonant letter, with a

guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek

articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel

<xex>Alpha</xex> with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet

having no vowel symbols.</def>



This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel

sounds. See <xex>Guide to pronunciation</xex>,  43-74. The

regular long <xex>a</xex>, as in <xex>fate</xex>, etc., is a

comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till

about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the

quality of \'84 (as in <xex>far</xex>).



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The name of the sixth tone in

the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor

scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second

string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A

sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A

and B. -- A flat (A<flat/) is the name of a tone intermediate

between A and G.</def>



<cs><col>A per se</col> <ety>(L. <ets>per se<ets> by

itself)</ety>, <cd>one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<q>O fair Creseide, the flower and <qex>A per se</qex>



Of Troy and Greece.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A</hw> <pr>(# <xex>emph</xex>. #)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<ety>[Shortened form of <ets>an</ets>. AS. \'ben one. See

<er>One</er>.]</ety> <def>An adjective, commonly called the

indefinite article, and signifying <xex>one</xex> or

<xex>any</xex>, but less emphatically.<def>  \'bdAt <xex>a</xex>

birth\'b8;  \'bdIn <xex>a</xex> word\'b8; \'bdAt <xex>a</xex>

blow\'b8. <au>Shak</au>. <note>It is placed before nouns of the

singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality

individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural

nouns when the adjective <xex>few</xex> or the phrase <xex>great

many</xex> or <xex>good many</xex> is interposed; <as>as,

<ex>a</ex> dog, <ex>a</ex> house, <ex>a</ex> man; <ex>a</ex>

color; <ex>a</ex> sweetness; <ex>a</ex> hundred, <ex>a</ex>

fleet, a regiment; <ex>a</ex> few persons, <ex>a</ex> great many

days.</as>  It is used for <xex>an</xex>, for the sake of

euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for

exception of certain words beginning with <xex>h</xex>, see

<er>An</er>]; <as>as, a table, <ex>a woman</ex>, <ex>a</ex> year,

<ex>a</ex> unit, <ex>a</ex> eulogy, <ex>a</ex> ewe, <ex>a</ex>

oneness, such <ex>a</ex> one, etc.</as>  Formally <xex>an</xex>

was used both before vowels and consonants.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Originally the preposition <ets>a</ets>

(<ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>).]</ety> <def>In each; to or for

each; <as>as, \'bdtwenty leagues <ex>a</ex> day\'b8, \'bda

hundred pounds <ex>a</ex> year\'b8, \'bda dollar <ex>a</ex>

yard\'b8, etc.</as></def>



<hw>A</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated form

of <ets>an</ets> (AS. <ets>on</ets>). See <er>On</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In; on; at; by.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>A</xex> God's name.\'b8  \'bdTorn <xex>a</xex>

pieces.\'b8 \'bdStand <xex>a</xex> tiptoe.\'b8 \'bd<xex>A</xex>

Sundays\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdWit that men have now <xex>a</xex>

days.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdSet them <xex>a</xex> work.\'b8

<au>Robynson (More's Utopia)</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used

with verbal substantives in <xex>-ing</xex> which begin with a

consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition

<xex>an</xex> (which was used before the vowel sound); as in

<xex>a</xex> hunting, <xex>a</xex> building, <xex>a</xex>

begging. \'bdJacob, when he was <xex>a</xex> dying\'b8 <au>Heb.

xi. 21</au>.  \'bdWe'll <xex>a</xex> birding together.\'b8 \'bd

It was <xex>a</xex> doing.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>  \'bdHe burst out

<xex>a</xex> laughing.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.  The hyphen may be

used to connect <xex>a</xex> with the verbal substantive (as,

<xex>a</xex>-hunting, <xex>a</xex>-building) or the words may be

written separately. This form of expression is now for the most

part obsolete, the <xex>a</xex> being omitted and the verbal

substantive treated as a participle.</def>



<hw>A</hw>. <ety>[From AS. <ets>of</ets> off, from. See

<er>Of</er>.]</ety> <def>Of.</def>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe

name of John <xex>a</xex> Gaunt.\'b8  \'bdWhat time <xex>a</xex>

day is it ?\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdIt's six <xex>a</xex>

clock.\'b8 <au>B. Jonson</au>.



<hw>A</hw>. <def> A barbarous corruption of <xex>have</xex>, of

<xex>he</xex>, and sometimes of <xex>it</xex> and of

<xex>they</xex>.</def>  \'bdSo would I <xex>a</xex> done\'b8

\'bd<xex>A</xex> brushes his hat.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A</hw>. <def> An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the

meter</def>



<q>A merry heart goes all the day,

Your sad tires in a mile-<qex>a</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A-.</hw> <def>A, as a prefix to English words, is derived

from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies <xex>on</xex>

or <xex>in</xex> (from <xex>an</xex>, <xex>a</xex> forms of AS.

<xex>on</xex>), denoting a state, as in <xex>a</xex>foot, on

foot, <xex>a</xex>bed, <xex>a</xex>miss, <xex>a</xex>sleep,

aground, <xex>a</xex>loft, <xex>a</xex>way (AS.

<xex>onweg</xex>), and analogically, <xex>a</xex>blaze,

<xex>a</xex>tremble, etc. (2) AS. <xex>of</xex> off, from, as in

<xex>a</xex>down (AS. <xex>ofd\'81ne</xex> off the <xex>dun</xex>

or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. <xex>us-</xex>, <xex>ur-</xex>,

Ger. <xex>er-</xex>), usually giving an intensive force, and

sometimes the sense of <xex>away</xex>, <xex>on</xex>,

<xex>back</xex>, as in <xex>a</xex>rise, <xex>a</xex>bide,

<xex>a</xex>go. (4) Old English <xex>y-</xex> or <xex>i-</xex>

(corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle <xex>ge-</xex>,

cognate with OHG. <xex>ga-</xex>, <xex>gi-</xex>, Goth.

<xex>ga-</xex>), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition

to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French <xex>\'85</xex> (L.

<xex>ad</xex> to), as in <xex>a</xex>base, <xex>a</xex>chieve.

(6) L. <xex>a</xex>, <xex>ab</xex>, <xex>abs</xex>, from, as in

<xex>a</xex>vert. (7) Greek insep. prefix <alpha/ without, or

privative, not, as in <xex>a</xex>byss, <xex>a</xex>theist; akin

to E. <xex>un-</xex>.</def>



<note>Besides these, there are other sources from which the

prefix <xex>a</xex> takes its origin.</note>



<hw>A 1</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A registry mark given by

underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition.

Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.</def>



<note>A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply

superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.</note>



<hw>\'d8Aam</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>aam</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>ama</ets>; cf. L. <ets>hama</ets> a

water bucket, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>A Dutch and German measure of

liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41

wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Aum</asp> and <asp>Awm</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Aard"-vark`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.,

earth-pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate mammal,

of the genus <spn>Orycteropus</spn>, somewhat resembling a pig,

common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the

ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its

long, slimy tongue.</def>



<hw>\'d8Aard"-wolf`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D,

earth-wolf]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A carnivorous

quadruped (<spn>Proteles Lalandii</spn>), of South Africa,

resembling the fox and hyena. See <er>Proteles</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aa*ron"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aa*ron"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to Aaron, the

first high priest of the Jews.</def>



<hw>Aar"on's rod`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[See Exodus vii. 9 and

Numbers xvii. 8]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rod

with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the

caduceus of Mercury, which has two.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with a tall flowering

stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the

golden-rod.</def>



<hw>Ab-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Latin prep., etymologically the

same as E. <ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. See <er>Of</er>.]</ety>

<def>A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies

<xex>from</xex>, <xex>away</xex> , <xex>separating</xex>, or

<xex>departure</xex>, as in <xex>ab</xex>duct,

<xex>abs</xex>tract, <xex>abs</xex>cond. See

<er>A-</er>(6).</def>



<hw>\'d8Ab</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Syriac

origin.]</ety> <def>The fifth month of the Jewish year according

to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil

computation, coinciding nearly with August.</def>



<au>W. Smith.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ab"a*ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The native

name.]</ety> <def>The Manila-hemp plant (<spn>Musa

textilis</spn>); also, its fiber. See <cref>Manila hemp</cref>

under <er>Manila</er>.</def>



<hw>A*bac"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>abacinatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abacinare</ets>;

<ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>bacinus</ets> a basin.]</ety> <def>To

blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.</def> 

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*bac`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of abacinating.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ab`a*cis"cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr.<?/, dim of <?/. See <er>Abacus</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>One of the tiles or squares of a

tessellated pavement; an abaculus.</def>



<hw>Ab"a*cist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL

<ets>abacista</ets>, fr. <ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who

uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.</def>



<hw>A*back"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>back</ets>; AS. <ets>on b\'91c</ets> at, on,

or toward the back. See <er>Back</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Toward the back or rear; backward.</def> \'bdTherewith aback

she started.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Behind; in the rear.</def>



<au>Knolles. </au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Backward against the

mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To be taken aback</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven

backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship

when the sails are thus driven. <sd>(b)</sd> To be suddenly

checked, baffled, or discomfited.</cd></cs>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Ab"ack</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An abacus.</def> 

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ab*ac"ti*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>actinal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the surface or end

opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to

actinal.</def> \'bdThe aboral or <xex>abactinal</xex> area.\'b8



<au>L. Agassiz.</au>



<hw>Ab*ac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stealing

cattle on a large scale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*ac"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>abigere</ets> to drive away; <ets>ab+agere</ets> to

drive.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who steals and drives

away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A*bac"u*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abaculi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., dim. of

<ets>abacus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small tile of

glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in

making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Ab"a*cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>>; E. <plu>pl.

<plw>Abacuses</plw> ; L. pl. <plw>Abaci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[L. <ets>abacus</ets>, <ets>abax</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used

for drawing, calculating, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A calculating table or frame; an instrument for

performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires,

or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the

second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The uppermost

member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under

the architrave. See <er>Column</er>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated

compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of

cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.</def>



<cs><col>Abacus harmonicus</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>an

ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys

of an instrument.</cd></cs>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Ab"a*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg., the

female rhinoceros.]</ety> <def>The rhinoceros.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Purchas.</au>



<hw>A*bad"don</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>\'bebadd\'d3n</ets> destruction, abyss, fr.

<ets>\'bebad</ets> to be lost, to perish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same

as Apollyon and Asmodeus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hell; the bottomless pit.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>In all her gates, <qex>Abaddon</qex> rues

Thy bold attempt.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*baft"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a</ets>-on + OE. <ets>baft</ets>, <ets>baften</ets>,

<ets>biaften</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'91ftan</ets>; <ets>be</ets> by +

<ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind. See <er>After</er>, <er>Aft</er>,

<er>By</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Behind; toward the

stern from; <as>as, <ex>abaft</ex> the wheelhouse</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Beam</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*baft"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward

the stern; aft; <as>as, to go <ex>abaft</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*bai"sance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>obeisance</ets>; confused with F. <ets>abaisser</ets>, E.

abase]</ety> <def>Obeisance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<hw>A*bai"ser</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ivory black

or animal charcoal.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<-- p. 2 -->



<hw>A*baist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p.p.</pos> <def>Abashed;

confounded; discomfited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ab*al"ien*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abalienatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abalienare</ets>; <ets>ab +

alienus</ets> foreign, alien. See <er>Alien</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To transfer the title of

from one to another; to alienate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To estrange; to withdraw.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause alienation of (mind).</def>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>Ab*al`ien*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abalienatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abalianation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ab`a*lo"ne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A univalve mollusk of the genus

<spn>Haliotis</spn>. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and

used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species

are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the

rocks.</def>



<hw>A*band"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[Contracted

from <ets>abandon</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To abandon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q> Enforced the kingdom to <qex>aband</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To banish; to expel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Mir. for Mag.</au>



<hw>A*ban"don</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abandoned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Abandoning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>abandoner</ets>,

F.<ets>abandonner</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>)+<ets>bandon</ets> permission, authority, LL.

<ets>bandum</ets>, <ets>bannum</ets>, public proclamation,

interdiction, <ets>bannire</ets> to proclaim, summon: of Germanic

origin; cf. Goth. <ets>bandwjan</ets> to show by signs, to

designate OHG. <ets>ban</ets>proclamation. The word meant to

proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE.,

to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and

hence, to give up. See <er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That he might . . . <qex>abandon</qex> them from him.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<q>Being all this time <qex>abandoned</qex> from your bed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to

renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern

on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or

fidelity; to quit; to surrender.</def>



<q>Hope was overthrown, yet could not be

<qex>abandoned</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without

attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ;

-- often in a bad sense.</def>



<q>He <qex>abandoned</qex> himself . . . to his favorite

vice.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>To relinquish all claim

to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all

claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after

loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;

abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave;

retire; withdraw from.</syn> -- <usage><er>To Abandon</er>,

<er>Desert</er>, <er>Forsake</er>. These words agree in

representing a person as <xex>giving up</xex> or

<xex>leaving</xex> some object, but differ as to the mode of

doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a

thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends,

places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a

shipwrecked vessel. <xex>Abandon</xex> is more widely applicable

than <xex>forsake</xex> or <xex>desert</xex>. The Latin original

of <xex>desert</xex> appears to have been originally applied to

the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb,

when used of <xex>persons</xex> in the active voice, has usually

or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,

etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully

stand by and support; as, to <xex>desert</xex> one's colors, to

<xex>desert</xex> one's post, to <xex>desert</xex> one's

principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not

necessarily bad; as, the fields were <xex>deserted</xex>, a

<xex>deserted</xex> village, <xex>deserted</xex> halls.

<xex>Forsake</xex> implies the breaking off of previous habit,

association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been

familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to

<xex>forsake</xex> the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his

cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad

sense.</usage>



<hw>A*ban"don</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>abandon</ets>.

fr. <ets>abandonner</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Abandonment; relinquishment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A`ban`don"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A complete giving up to natural

impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or

ease.</def>



<hw>A*ban"doned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Forsaken, deserted.</def> \'bdYour <xex>abandoned</xex>

streams.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely

wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ;

<as>as, an <ex>abandoned</ex> villain</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved;

reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.</syn> --

<usage><er>Abandoned</er>, <er>Profligate</er>,

<er>Reprobate</er>. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea

of great personal depravity. <er>Profligate</er> has reference to

open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or

political conduct; as, a <er>profligate</er> court, a

<er>profligate</er> ministry. <er>Abandoned</er> is stronger, and

has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart

produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a

man of <er>abandoned</er> character. <er>Reprobate</er> describes

the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and

who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of

recovery.</usage>



<q> God gave them over to a <qex>reprobate</qex> mind.</q>

<qau>Rom. i. 28.</qau>



<hw>A*ban"doned*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Unrestrainedly.</def>



<hw>A*ban`don*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One to whom anything is legally

abandoned.</def>



<hw>A*ban"don*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abandons.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>A*ban"don*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abandonnement</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abandoning, or the state of being

abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.</def>



<q>The <qex>abandonment</qex> of the independence of Europe.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>The relinquishment by the

insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property

insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com. Law)</fld> <def>(a) The relinquishment of

a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The

voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special

relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Careless freedom or ease; abandon.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*ban"*dum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. See

<er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything forfeited

or confiscated.</def>



<hw>Ab"a*net</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Abnet</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*ban"ga</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Name

given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.]</ety> <def>A

West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which

are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab`an*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ab`an*nition</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>abannatio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + LL. bannire to

banish.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>Banishment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ab</ets> + E. <ets>articulation</ets> : cf. F.

abarticulation. See <er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits

of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>A*base"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.&p.p.</pos> <er>Abased</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

abaisser, LL. <ets>abassare</ets>, <ets>abbassare</ets> ; <ets>ad

+ bassare</ets>, fr. <ets>bassus</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lower or depress; to throw or cast down;

<as>as, to <ex>abase</ex> the eye</as>.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>Saying so, he <qex>abased</qex> his lance.</q>

<qau>Shelton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank,

office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to

depress; to humble; to degrade.</def>



<q>Whosoever exalteth himself shall be <qex>abased</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke xiv. ll.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abase</er>, <er>Debase</er>,

<er>Degrade</er>. These words agree in the idea of bringing down

from a higher to a lower state. <xex>Abase</xex> has reference to

a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to <xex>abase</xex>

one's self before God. <xex>Debase</xex> has reference to the

bringing down of a thing in purity, or <xex>making it base</xex>.

It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to

<xex>debase</xex> the coin of the kingdom, to <xex>debase</xex>

the mind by vicious indulgence, to <xex>debase</xex> one's style

by coarse or vulgar expressions. <xex>Degrade</xex> has reference

to a bringing down from some higher <xex>grade</xex> or from some

standard. Thus, a priest is <xex>degraded</xex> from the clerical

office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in

character and just estimation; as, <xex>degraded</xex> by

intemperance, a <xex>degrading</xex> employment, etc. \'bdArt is

<xex>degraded</xex> when it is regarded only as a

trade.\'b8</syn>



<hw>A*based"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Lowered; humbled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <ety>[F.

<ets>abaiss\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Borne lower than usual, as a

fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards

the point of the shield.</def>



<hw>A*bas"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Abjectly;

downcastly.</def>



<hw>A*base"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abaissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abasing, humbling,

or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled;

humiliation.</def>



<hw>A*bas"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>He who, or

that which, abases.</def>



<hw>A*bash"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abashed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abashing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>abaissen</ets>, <ets>abaisshen</ets>,

<ets>abashen</ets>, OF.<ets>esbahir</ets>, F.

<ets>\'82bahir</ets>, to astonish, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + the

interjection <ets>bah</ets>, expressing astonishment. In OE.

somewhat confused with <ets>abase</ets>. Cf.

<er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <def>To destroy the self-possession of;

to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness

of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to

disconcert; to discomfit.</def>



<q><qex>Abashed</qex>, the devil stood,

And felt how awful goodness is.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He was a man whom no check could <qex>abash</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Abash</er>, Confuse, <er>Confound</er>.

<xex>Abash</xex> is a stronger word than <xex>confuse</xex>, but

not so strong as <xex>confound</xex>. We are <xex>abashed</xex>

when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of

inferiority; as, Peter was <xex>abashed</xex> in the presence of

those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from

some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of

thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by

a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused

in entering a room full of strangers. We are

<xex>confounded</xex> when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were,

by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that

we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually

<xex>confounded</xex> at the discovery of his guilt.</usage>



<q>Satan stood

Awhile as mute, <qex>confounded</qex> what to say.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*bash"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

abashed manner.</def>



<hw>A*bash"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>\'82bahissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being

abashed; confusion from shame.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*bas"si</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>\'d8A*bas"sis</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.& Per.

<ets>ab\'bes\'c6</ets>, belonging to Abas (a king of

Persia).]</ety> <def>A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty

cents.</def>



<hw>A*bat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being abated; <as>as, an <ex>abatable</ex> writ or

nuisance</as>.</def>



<hw>A*bate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p.p.</pos> <er>Abated</er>, <pos>p.pr. &

<vb.n</pos>. <er>Abating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abatre</ets> to beat down, F. <ets>abattre</ets>, LL.

<ets>abatere</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> or <ets>ad + batere</ets>,

<ets>battere</ets> (popular form for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to

beat). Cf. <er>Bate</er>, <er>Batter</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat down; to overthrow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The King of Scots . . . sore <qex>abated</qex> the walls.</q>

<qau>Edw. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower

state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to

moderate; toto cut short; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a demand; to

<ex>abate</ex> pride, zeal, hope.</as></def>



<q>His eye was not dim, nor his natural force

<qex>abated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxxiv. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deduct; to omit; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex>

something from a price</as>.</def>



<q>Nine thousand parishes, <qex>abating</qex> the odd

hundreds.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To blunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>abate</qex> the edge of envy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To reduce in estimation; to deprive.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She hath <qex>abated</qex> me of half my train.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>(a) To bring entirely down or

put an end to; to do away with; <as>as, to <ex>abate</ex> a

nuisance, to <ex>abate</ex> a writ</as>. (b) <fld>(Eng.</fld>

<xex>Law</xex>) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be

<xex>abated</xex> entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of

assets.</def>



<cs><col>To abate a tax</col>, <cd>to remit it either wholly or

in part.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*bate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Abate</er>, <ets>v</ets>.<ets>t</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; <as>as,

pain <ex>abates</ex>, a storm <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly <qex>abated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall

through; to fail; <as>as, a writ <ex>abates</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To abate into a freehold</col>, <col>To abate in

lands</col></mcol> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to enter into a freehold

after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes

possession. See <er>Abatement</er>, 4.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish;

lessen.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Abate</er>, <er>Subside</er>.

These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some

previously raised or exited state. <xex>Abate</xex> expresses

this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or

of intensity; as, the storm <xex>abates</xex>, the cold

<xex>abates</xex>, the force of the wind <xex>abates</xex>; or,

the wind <xex>abates</xex>, a fever <xex>abates</xex>. Subside

(to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation

or commotion; as, the waves <xex>subside</xex> after a storm, the

wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively,

the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a

thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the

word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger

<xex>abates</xex>, the ardor of one's love abates, \'bdWinter

rage <xex>abates</xex>\'b8. But if the image be that of a sinking

down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word

to be used is <xex>subside</xex>; as, the tumult of the people

<xex>subsides</xex>, the public mind <xex>subsided</xex> into a

calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are

tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion <xex>subsides</xex>,

his joy quickly <xex>subsided</xex>, his grief

<xex>subsided</xex> into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such

cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion,

we might use <xex>abate</xex>; as, his joy will <xex>abate</xex>

in the progress of time; and so in other instances.</usage>



<hw>A*bate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abatement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>A*bate"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abatement</ets>, F. <ets>abattement</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abating, or the state of being

abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting

an end to; <as>as, the <ex>abatement</ex> of a nuisance is the

suppression thereof</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The amount abated; that which is taken away by

way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount

allowed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of dishonor on an

escutcheon.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The entry of a stranger,

without right, into a freehold after the death of the last

possessor, before the heir or devisee.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Defense in abatement</col>, <col>Plea in

abatement</col></mcol>, <fld>(Law)</fld>, <col>plea to the effect

that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of

jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*bat"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, abates.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab"a*tis</hw>, <hw>Aba"t*tis</hw>, }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>abatis</ets>,

<ets>abattis</ets>, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr.

<ets>abattre</ets>. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose

branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the

enemy.</def>



<hw>Ab"a*tised</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided

with an abatis.</def>



<hw>A*ba"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without

right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor,

before the heir or devisee.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>\'d8A`bat`toir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abattoirs</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>abattre</ets> to beat down. See <er>Abate</er>.]</ety>

<def>A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.</def>



<hw>Ab"a*ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abatture</ets>, fr. <ets>abattre</ets>. See

<er>Abate</er>.]</ety> <def>Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled

down by a stag passing through them.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>\'d8A`bat`voix"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abattre</ets> to beat down + <ets>voix</ets> voice.]</ety>

<def>The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.</def>



<hw>Ab*awed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p.p.</pos> <ety>[Perh. p.p.

of a verb fr. OF. <ets>abaubir</ets> to frighten, disconcert, fr.

L. <ets>ad + balbus</ets> stammering.]</ety> <def>Astonished;

abashed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab*ax"i*al</hw> (#), <hw>Ab*ax"ile</hw> (#),}</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>axis</ets>

axle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Away from the axis or central

line; eccentric</def>.



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>A*bay"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abay</ets> barking.]</ety> <def>Barking; baying of dogs upon

their prey. See <er>Bay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Abb</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'beweb</ets>, <ets>\'beb</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>web</ets>. See <er>Web</er>.]</ety> <def>Among weaves, yarn

for the warp. Hence, <xex>abb wool</xex> is wool for the

<xex>abb</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ab"ba</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Syriac

<ets>abb\'be</ets> father. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety>

<def>Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and

Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the

bishops to the patriarch.</def>



<hw>Ab"ba*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abbacies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>abbatia</ets>, fr. <ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>,

abbot. See <er>Abbey</er>.]</ety> <def>The dignity, estate, or

jurisdiction of an abbot.</def>



<hw>Ab*ba"tial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>abbatialis</ets> : cf. F. <ets>abbatial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to an abbey; <as>as, <ex>abbatial</ex>

rights</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab*bat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Abbatial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ab"b\'82`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[F.

<ets>abb\'82</ets>. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>The French

word answering to the English <xex>abbot</xex>, the head of an

abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every

one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.</def>



<note>\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social

parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of

the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary

and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be

applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.</note>



<au>Littr\'82.</au>



<hw>Ab"bess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF.<ets>abaesse</ets>, <ets>abeesse</ets>, F.

<ets>abbesse</ets>, L. <ets>abbatissa</ets>, fem. of

<ets>abbas</ets>, <ets>abbatis</ets>, abbot. See

<er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <def>A female superior or governess of a

nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the

nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See

<er>Abbey</er>.</def>



<hw>Ab"bey</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abbeys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aba\'8be</ets>, F. <ets>abbaye</ets>, L. <ets>abbatia</ets>,

fr. abbas abbot. See <er>Abbot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the

world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic

building or buildings.</def>



<note><hand/ The men are called <it>monks</it>, and governed by

an abbot; the women are called <xex>nuns</xex>, and governed by

an abbess.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The church of a monastery.</def>



<-- p. 3 -->



<note>In London, <xex>the Abbey</xex> means Westminster Abbey,

and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name

is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey;

as, Newstead <xex>Abbey</xex>, the residence of Lord

Byron.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See

<er>Cloister</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab"bot</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>abbod</ets>, <ets>abbad</ets>, L. <ets>abbas</ets>,

<ets>abbatis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. Syriac <ets>abb\'be</ets>

father. Cf. <er>Abba</er>, <er>Abb\'90</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The superior or head of an abbey.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a class of bishops whose sees were

formerly abbeys.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<cs><col>Abbot of the people</col>. <cd>a title formerly given to

one of the chief magistrates in Genoa.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Abbot

of Misrule</col> (or <col>Lord of Misrule</col>)</mcol>, <cd>in

medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in

Scotland called the <er>Abbot of Unreason</er>.</cd></cs>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Ab"bot*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Abbot</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state

or office of an abbot.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abbreviated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Abbreviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad +

breviare</ets> to shorten, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See

<er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make briefer; to

shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission,

especially of words written or spoken.</def>



<q>It is one thing to <qex>abbreviate</qex> by contracting,

another by cutting off.</q>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>To reduce to lower terms, as

a fraction.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abbreviatus</ets>, p.p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abbreviated;

abridged; shortened.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>abbreviate</xex> form.\'b8



<au>Earle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having one part relatively

shorter than another or than the ordinary type.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An abridgment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Elyot.</au>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre`vi*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>abbreviatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of shortening, or reducing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by

contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a

word or phrase of which they are a part; <as>as,

<ex>Gen</ex></as>. for <xex>Genesis</xex>;

<xex>U</xex>.<xex>S</xex>.<xex>A</xex>. for <xex>United States of

America</xex>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One dash, or more, through the

stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers,

semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.</def>



<au>Moore.</au>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.:

cf. F. <ets>abbr\'82viateur</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who abbreviates or shortens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a college of seventy-two officers of the

papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on

a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards

expand the minute into official form.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening;

abridging.</def>



<hw>Ab*bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.</def>



<q>This is an excellent <qex>abbreviature</qex> of the whole duty

of a Christian.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Abb" wool</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> See <er>Abb</er>.</def>



<hw>A B C"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>The first three

letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A primer for teaching the alphabet and first

elements of reading.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The simplest rudiments of any subject; <as>as,

the <ex>A B C</ex> of finance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>A B C book</col>, <cd>a primer.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ab"dal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>bad\'c6l</ets>, pl. <ets>abd\'bel</ets>, a substitute, a

good, religious man, saint, fr. <ets>badala</ets> to change,

substitute.]</ety> <def>A religious devotee or dervish in

Persia.</def>



<hw>Ab*de"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Abdera</ets>, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus,

the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.]</ety> <def>Given to

laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.</def>



<hw>Ab*de"rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Abderita</ets>, <ets>Abderites</ets>, fr. Gr. '<?/.]</ety>

<def>An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.</def>



<cs><col>The Abderite</col>, <cd>Democritus, the Laughing

Philosopher.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab"dest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>\'bebdast</ets>; <ets>ab</ets> water + <ets>dast</ets>

hand.]</ety> <def>Purification by washing the hands before

prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.</def>



<au>Heyse.</au>



<hw>Ab"di*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being abdicated.</def>



<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abdicans</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>abdicare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>Monks <qex>abdicant</qex> of their orders.</q>

<qau>Whitlock.</qau>



<hw>Ab"di*cant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who abdicates.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abdicated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Abdicating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abdicatus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>abdicare</ets>; <ets>ab + dicare</ets> to proclaim,

akin to <ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power;

to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high

office, station, dignity; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the

throne, the crown, the papacy</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>abdicate</xex> was held to mean, in

the case of James II., to abandon without a formal

surrender.</note>



<q>The cross-bearers <qex>abdicated</qex> their service.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of

authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.</def>



<q>He <qex>abdicates</qex> all right to be his own governor.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The understanding <qex>abdicates</qex> its functions.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reject; to cast off.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>To disclaim and expel

from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to

disinherit.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake;

abandon; resign; renounce; desert.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Abdicate</er>, <er>Resign</er>. <xex>Abdicate</xex> commonly

expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding

up sovereign authority; <as>as, to <ex>abdicate</ex> the

government</as>. <xex>Resign</xex> is applied to the act of any

person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the

hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister

<xex>resigns</xex>, a military officer <xex>resigns</xex>, a

clerk <xex>resigns</xex>. The expression, \'bdThe king

<xex>resigned</xex> his crown,\'b8 sometimes occurs in our later

literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There

are other senses of <xex>resign</xex> which are not here brought

into view.</usage>



<hw>Ab"di*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <def>To

relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or

dignity.</def>



<q>Though a king may <qex>abdicate</qex> for his own person, he

cannot <qex>abdicate</qex> for the monarchy.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Ab`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abdicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abdication</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,

dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary

renunciation of sovereign power; <as>as, <ex>abdication</ex> of

the throne, government, power, authority</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab"di*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abdicativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Causing, or implying,

abdication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab"di*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abdicates.</def>



<hw>Ab"di*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abditivus</ets>, fr. <ets>abdere</ets> to hide.]</ety>

<def>Having the quality of hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abditorium</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place for hiding or

preserving articles of value.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Ab*do"men</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abdomen</ets> (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.

<ets>abdomen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.</fld>)

<def>The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and

the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the

peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera.

In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and

the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the

pelvic cavity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The posterior section of

the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other

Arthropoda.</def>



<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abdominal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

the abdomen; ventral; <as>as, the <ex>abdominal</ex> regions,

muscles, cavity</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having abdominal fins;

belonging to the Abdominales; <as>as, <ex>abdominal</ex>

fishes</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Abdominal ring</col> <fld>(Anat.</fld>)<cd>, a fancied

ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and

superior to the <xex>pubes<xex>; -- called also <altname>inguinal

ring</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab*dom"i*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>E. pl.

<plw>Abdominals</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Abdominales</plw></plu>.

<def>A fish of the group Abdominales.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"les</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., masc. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group

including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine

ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the

pectorals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"li*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., neut. pl.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of

cirripeds having abdominal appendages.</def>



<hw>Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abdomen</ets> + Gr. <?/ to examine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal

disease.</def>



<hw>Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.</def>



<hw>Ab*dom"i*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

protuberant belly; pot-bellied.</def>



<q>Gorgonius sits, <qex>abdominous</qex> and wan,

Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Ab*duce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abduced</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Abducing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abducere</ets> to lead away; <ets>ab + ducere</ets> to lead.

See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Abduct</er>.]</ety> <def>To draw

or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If we <qex>abduce</qex> the eye unto either corner, the object

will not duplicate.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Ab*duct"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abducted</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos>

<er>Abducting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abductus</ets>,

p.p. of <ets>abducere</ets>. See <er>Abduce</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry

away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to

kidnap.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its

ordinary position.</def>



<hw>Ab*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abductio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abduction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing

apart; a carrying away.</def>



<au>Roget.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The movement which

separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of

the body.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The wrongful, and usually the

forcible, carrying off of a human being; <as>as, the

<ex>abduction</ex> of a child, the <ex>abduction</ex> of an

heiress</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A syllogism or form of

argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only

probable.</def>



<hw>Ab*duc"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who abducts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which serves to draw

a part out, or form the median line of the body; <as>as, the

<ex>abductor oculi</ex>, which draws the eye outward</as>.</def>



<hw>A*beam"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>beam</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle

with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's

side.</def>



<hw>A*bear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'beberan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> + <ets>beran</ets>

to bear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear; to behave.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So did the faery knight himself <qex>abear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put up with; to endure.</def>

<mark>[Prov.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>A*bear"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Behavior.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>A*bear"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Behavior.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir. T. More.</au>



<hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abecedarius</ets>. A word from the first four letters of the

alphabet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is learning the

alphabet; hence, a tyro.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One engaged in teaching the alphabet.</def>



<au>Wood.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`be*ce*da"ri*an</hw>, <hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or formed

by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence,

rudimentary.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Abecedarian psalms</col>, <col>hymns</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew)

distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of

the alphabet.</cd></cs>



<au>Hook.</au>



<hw>A`be*ce"da*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A primer;

the first principle or rudiment of anything.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>A*bed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> in, on + <ets>bed</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

bed, or on the bed.</def>



<q>Not to be <qex>abed</qex> after midnight.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To childbed (in the phrase \'bd<xex>brought

abed</xex>,\'b8 that is, delivered of a child).</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*beg"ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> Same as <er>Aby</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*bele"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>abeel</ets> (<ets>abeel</ets>-<ets>boom</ets>), OF.

<ets>abel</ets>, <ets>aubel</ets>, fr. a dim. of L.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>The white polar <spn>(Populus

alba)</spn>.</def>



<q>Six <qex>abeles</qex> i' the churchyard grow.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*bel"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A"bel*ite</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A`bel*o"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in

Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that

they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they

pretended, of Abel.</def>



<hw>A"bel*mosk`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>abelmoschus</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>abu</ets>-<ets>l</ets>-<ets>misk</ets> father of musk,

<ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., producing musk. See

<er>Musk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen shrub

<spn>(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus</xex>)</spn>, of

the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds

are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called

<xex>musk mallow</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ab` er-de-vine"</hw> (#), <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.</fld>)

<def>The European siskin <spn>(Carduelis spinus)</spn>, a small

green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.</def>



<hw>Ab*err"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aberrare</ets>. See <er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

wander; to stray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab*er"rance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ab*er"ran*cy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being aberrant;

a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Aberrancy of curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.</fld>), <cd>the

deviation of a curve from a circular form.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab*er"rant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aberrans</ets>, <ets>-rantis</ets>, p.pr. of

<ets>aberrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Aberr</er>.] <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wandering; straying from the right way.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Deviating from the ordinary

or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.</def>



<q>The more <qex>aberrant</qex> any form is, the greater must

have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory,

have been exterminated.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Ab"er*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aberratus</ets>, p.pr. of <ets>aberrare</ets>; <ets>ab +

errare</ets> to wander. See <er>Err</er>.]</ety> <def>To go

astray; to diverge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Their own defective and <qex>aberrating</qex> vision.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aberratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aberration</ets>. See

<er>Aberrate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of wandering;

deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the

natural state, or from a type.</def>   \'bdThe

<xex>aberration</xex> of youth.\'b8 <au>Hall</au>.

\'bd<xex>Aberrations</xex> from theory.\'b8 <au>Burke</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A partial alienation of reason.</def> 

\'bdOccasional <xex>aberrations</xex> of intellect.\'b8

<au>Lingard</au>.



<q>Whims, which at first are the <qex>aberrations</qex> of a

single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A small periodical change

of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the

combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the

observer; called <xex>annual aberration</xex>, when the

observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and

<xex>dairy</xex> or <xex>diurnal aberration</xex>, when of the

earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case,

to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. <xex>Planetary

aberration</xex> is that due to the motion of light and the

motion of the planet relative to the earth.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The convergence to different

foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one

and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single

focus; called <xex>spherical aberration</xex>, when due to the

spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different

foci for central and marginal rays; and <xex>chromatic

aberration</xex>, when due to different refrangibilities of the

colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a

distinct focus.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The passage of blood or

other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The producing of an unintended

effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended

for A glances and strikes B.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation;

mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See

<er>Insanity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab`er*ra"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by aberration.</def>



<hw>Ab`e*run"cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aberuncare</ets>, for <ets>aberruncare</ets>. See

<er>Averruncate</er>.]</ety> <def>To weed out.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab`e*run"ca*tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

weeding machine.</def>



<hw>A*bet"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <er>Abetted</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p.pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Abetting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>abeter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>beter</ets> to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets>

to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel.

<ets>b\'c6ta</ets> to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See

<er>Bait</er>, <er>Bet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To instigate

or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of

persons and acts; <as>as, to <ex>abet</ex> an ill-doer; to

<ex>abet</ex> one in his wicked courses; to <ex>abet</ex> vice;

to <ex>abet</ex> an insurrection.</as></def> \'bdThe whole tribe

<xex>abets</xex> the villany.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<q>Would not the fool <qex>abet</qex> the stealth,

Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a

good sense. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>.



<q>Our duty is urged, and our confidence <qex>abetted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld><def>To contribute, as an assistant

or instigator, to the commission of an offense.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment;

advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist;

support; sustain; back; connive at.</syn>



<hw>A*bet"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abet</ets>, fr. <ets>abeter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Act of

abetting; aid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*bet"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

abetting; <as>as, an <ex>abetment</ex> of treason, crime,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>A*bet"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abetment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 4 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>A*bet"ter</hw>, <hw>A*bet*tor</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who abets; an instigator of

an offense or an offender.</def>



<note><hand/ The form <xex>abettor</xex> is the legal term and

also in general use.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abettor</er>, <er>Accessory</er>,

<er>Accomplice</er>.</syn> <usage> These words denote different

degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An

<xex>abettor</xex> is one who incites or encourages to the act,

without sharing in its performance. An <xex>accessory</xex>

supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor

in an offense, nor present at its performance, but

<xex>accedes</xex> to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by

some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging,

aiding, or concealing, etc., is an <xex>accessory</xex>.  An

<xex>accomplice</xex> is one who participates in the commission

of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in

treason, there are no <xex>abettors</xex> or

<xex>accessories</xex>, but all are held to be principals or

<xex>accomplices</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>evacuation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A partial evacuation.</def>



<au>Mayne.</au>



<hw>A*bey"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abeance</ets> expectation, longing; <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>baer</ets>, <ets>beer</ets>, to gape, to

look with open mouth, to expect, F. <ets>bayer</ets>, LL.

<ets>badare</ets> to gape.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.</def>



<note><hand/ When there is no person in existence in whom an

inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in

<xex>abeyance</xex>, that is, in expectation; the law considering

it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a

proper owner appears.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suspension; temporary suppression.</def>



<q>Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant

state, or state of <qex>abeyance</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>A*bey"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abeyance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>A*bey"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being in a

state of abeyance.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ab"hal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The berries

of a species of cypress in the East Indies.</def>



<hw>Ab*hom"i*na*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Abominable.</def> <note>[A false orthography anciently used;

<xex>h</xex> was foisted into various words; hence

<xex>abholish</xex>, for <xex>abolish</xex>, etc.]</note>



<q>This is <qex>abhominable</qex>, which he [Don Armado] would

call <qex>abominable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.</qau>



<hw>Ab*hom`i*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ab</ets> away from + <ets>homo</ets>, <ets>hominis</ets>,

man.]</ety> <def>Inhuman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ab*hor"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abhorred</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Abhorring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abhorrere</ets>;

<ets>ab + horrere</ets> to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.

<ets>abhorrer</ets>. See <er>Horrid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror

or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to

extremity; to loathe.</def>



<q><qex>Abhor</qex> that which is evil; cleave to that which is

good.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill with horror or disgust.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It doth <qex>abhor</qex> me now I speak the word.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Canon Law)</fld> <def>To protest against; to

reject solemnly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I utterly <qex>abhor</qex>, yea, from my soul

Refuse you for my judge.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See

<er>Hate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab*hor"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shrink back with

horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; --

with</def> <xex>from</xex>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo

<xex>abhor</xex> from those vices.\'b8



<au>Udall.</au>



<q>Which is utterly <qex>abhorring</qex> from the end of all

law.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ab*hor"rence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Extreme

hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.</def>



<hw>Ab*hor"ren*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abhorrence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ab*hor"rent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abhorens</ets>, <ets>-rentis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>abhorrere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abhorring;

detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence,

strongly opposed to; <as>as, <ex>abhorrent</ex>

thoughts</as>.</def>



<q>The persons most <qex>abhorrent</qex> from blood and

treason.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The arts of pleasure in despotic courts

I spurn <qex>abhorrent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clover.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent;

-- followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdInjudicious profanation,

so <xex>abhorrent</xex> to our stricter principles.\'b8



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Detestable.</def> \'bdPride,

<xex>abhorrent</xex> as it is.\'b8



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ab*hor"rent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

abhorrence.</def>



<hw>Ab*hor"rer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abhors.</def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>Ab*hor"ri*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Detestable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*hor"ring</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Detestation.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Object of abhorrence.</def>



<au>Isa. lxvi. 24.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"bib</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>ab\'c6b</ets>, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called

from barley being at that time in ear.]</ety> <def>The first

month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to

our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called

<xex>Nisan</xex>.</def>



<au>Kitto.</au>



<hw>A*bid"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (<xex>with</xex>).</def>



<q>The Christians had no longer <qex>abidance</qex> in the holy

hill of Palestine.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>A judicious <qex>abidance</qex> by rules.</q>

<qau>Helps.</qau>



<hw>A*bide"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abode</er> <pr>(#)</pr>,

formerly <er>Abid</er><pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Abiding</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'beb\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>)

+ <ets>b\'c6dan</ets> to bide. See <er>Bide</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wait; to pause; to delay.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's

abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with <xex>with</xex> before a

person, and commonly with <xex>at</xex> or <xex>in</xex> before a

place.</def>



<q>Let the damsel abide with us a few days.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxiv. 55.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remain stable or fixed in some state or

condition; to continue; to remain.</def>



<q>Let every man <qex>abide</qex> in the same calling.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. vii. 20.</qau>



<cs>Followed by <it>by</it>: <col>To abide by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.</cd>



<q>The poor fellow was obstinate enough <qex>to abide by</qex>

what he said at first.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To acquiesce; to conform to; as, <xex>to abide

by</xex> a decision or an award.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*bide"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wait for;

to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; <as>as, I

<ex>abide</ex> my time</as>.</def> \'bdI will <xex>abide</xex>

the coming of my lord.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<note>[[Obs.], with a <xex>personal</xex> object.</note>



<q>Bonds and afflictions <qex>abide</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Acts xx. 23.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endure; to sustain; to submit to.</def>



<q>[Thou] shalt <qex>abide</qex> her judgment on it.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up

with.</def>



<q>She could not <qex>abide</qex> Master Shallow.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <note>[Confused with <xex>aby</xex> to pay for. See

<er>Aby</er>.]</note> <def>To stand the consequences of; to

answer for; to suffer for.</def>



<q>Dearly I <qex>abide</qex> that boast so vain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*bid"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who abides, or continues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdSpeedy goers and strong <xex>abiders</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who dwells; a resident.</def>



<au>Speed.</au>



<hw>A*bid"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Continuing; lasting.</def>



<hw>A*bid"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Permanently.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"bi*es</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fir

tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coniferous trees,

properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The

spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.</def>



<hw>Ab"i*e*tene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abies</ets>, <ets>abietis</ets>, a fir tree.]</ety> <def>A

volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine

<spn>(Pinus sabiniana)</spn> of California.</def>



<hw>Ab`i*et"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the fir tree or its products; <as>as,

<ex>abietic</ex> acid, called also <ex>sylvic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab"i*e*tin</hw>, <hw>Ab"i*e*tine</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Abietene</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinous obtained from Strasburg

turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is

insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the

boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Ab`i*e*tin"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to abietin; <as>as, <ex>abietinic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab"i*e*tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance resembling mannite, found in

the needles of the common silver fir of Europe <spn>(Abies

pectinata)</spn>.</def>



<au>Eng. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ab"i*gail</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The proper

name used as an appellative.]</ety> <def>A lady's

waiting-maid.</def>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<q>Her <qex>abigail</qex> reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set

of night curls for sleeping in.</q>

<qau>Leslie.</qau>



<hw>A*bil"i*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abilities</plw><pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>habilet\'82</ets>, earlier spelling <ets>habilit\'82</ets>

(with silent <ets>h</ets>), L. <ets>habilitas</ets> aptitude,

ability, fr. <ets>habilis</ets> apt. See <er>Able</er>.]</ety>

<def>The quality or state of being able; power to perform,

whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal;

capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength,

skill, resources, etc.; -- in the <xex>plural</xex>, faculty,

talent.</def>



<q>Then the disciples, every man according to his

<qex>ability</qex>, determined to send relief unto the

brethren.</q>

<qau>Acts xi. 29.</qau>



<q>Natural <qex>abilities</qex> are like natural plants, that

need pruning by study.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of

<qex>ability</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability;

efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.</syn>

<usage> <er>Ability</er>, <er>Capacity</er>. These words come

into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers.

<xex>Ability</xex> has reference to the <xex>active</xex>

exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of

mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from

mental training. Thus, we speak of the <xex>ability</xex> with

which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation

carried on, etc. It always something to be <xex>done</xex>, and

the power of <xex>doing</xex> it. <xex>Capacity</xex> has

reference to the <xex>receptive</xex> powers. In its higher

exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth

of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and

retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of

<xex>resources</xex> and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the

extraordinary <xex>capacity</xex> of such men as Lord Bacon,

Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. \'bd<xex>Capacity</xex>,\'b8

says H. Taylor, \'bdis requisite to devise, and

<xex>ability</xex> to execute, a great enterprise.\'b8 The word

<xex>abilities</xex>, in the plural, embraces both these

qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.</usage>



<mhw><hw>A*bime"</hw> or <hw>A*byme"</hw></mhw> (#),

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ab\'8cme</ets>. See

<er>Abysm</er>.]</ety> <def>A abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ life + <?/, origin, birth.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The supposed origination of living

organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve

the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called

also <altname>abiogeny</altname>, and opposed to

<contr>biogenesis</contr>.</def>



<q>I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be

produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of

<qex>abiogenesis</qex>.</q>

<qau>Huxley, 1870.</qau>



<hw>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.</def>

<wordforms><wf>Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One who believes that life can be

produced independently of antecedent.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>Ab`i*og"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced by spontaneous generation.</def>



<hw>Ab`i*og"e*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>



<hw>Ab`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + E. <ets>biological</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

the study of inanimate things.</def>



<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that diminishes

irritation.</def>



<hw>Ab*ir"ri*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>irritate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.</def>



<hw>Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pathological condition opposite to that

of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.</def>



<hw>Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by abirritation or

debility.</def>



<hw>A*bit"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,<def> 3d sing. pres. of

<er>Abide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjicere</ets> to throw away;

<ets>ab + jacere</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a shooting

forth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cast down; low-lying.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>From the safe shore their floating carcasses

And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown

<qex>Abject</qex> and lost lay these, covering the flood.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope;

degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; <as>as, <ex>abject</ex>

posture, fortune, thoughts</as>.</def>   \'bdBase and

<xex>abject</xex> flatterers.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. \'bdAn

<xex>abject</xex> liar.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.



<q>And banish hence these <qex>abject</qex>, lowly dreams.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish;

ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.</syn>



<hw>Ab*ject"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Abject</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cast off or down;

hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Ab"ject</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person in the

lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Shall these <qex>abjects</qex>, these victims, these outcasts,

know any thing of pleasure?</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ab*ject"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very

abject or low condition; abjectness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au> Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ab*jec"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abjection</ets>, L. <ets>abjectio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of bringing down or humbling.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>abjection</xex> of the king and his realm.\'b8



<au>Joe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being rejected or cast out.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>An <qex>adjection</qex> from the beatific regions where God,

and his angels and saints, dwell forever.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit;

abasement; degradation.</def>



<q>That this should be termed baseness, <qex>abjection</qex> of

mind, or servility, is it credible?</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Ab"ject*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Meanly;

servilely.</def>



<hw>Ab"ject*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

abject; abasement; meanness; servility.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Ab*judge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ab-</ets> + <ets>judge</ets>, v. Cf.

<er>Abjudicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away by judicial

decision.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*ju"di*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abjudicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjudicare</ets>; <ets>ab +

judicare</ets>. See <er>Judge</er>, and cf.

<er>Abjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To reject by judicial sentence;

also, to abjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Ab*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Rejection by judicial sentence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<hw>Ab"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjugare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To unyoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab*junc"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abjungere</ets>; <ets>ab +

jungere</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>Exceptional.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It is this power which leads on from the accidental and

<qex>abjunctive</qex> to the universal.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ab`ju*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abjuratio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abjuration</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abjuring or forswearing; a

renunciation upon oath; <as>as, <ex>abjuration</ex> of the realm,

a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never

to return</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A solemn recantation or renunciation; <as>as, an

<ex>abjuration</ex> of heresy</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Oath of abjuration</col>, <cd>an oath asserting the

right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and

expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the

Pretender.</cd></cs>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ab*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing abjuration.</def>



<hw>Ab*jure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abjured</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abjuring</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>abjurare</ets> to deny

upon oath; <ets>ab + jurare</ets> to swear, fr. <ets>jus</ets>,

<ets>juris</ets>, right, law; cf. F. <ets>abjurer</ets>. See

<er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To renounce upon oath; to

forswear; to disavow; <as>as, to <ex>abjure</ex> allegiance to a

prince</as>. <xex>To abjure the realm</xex>, is to swear to

abandon it forever.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant;

to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; <as>as, to

<ex>abjure</ex> errors</as>.</def> \'bdMagic I here

<xex>abjure</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Renounce</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab*jure"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To renounce on

oath.</def>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Ab*jure"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Renunciation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*jur"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abjures.</def>



<hw>Ab*lac"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablactatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablactare</ets>; <ets>ab +

lactare</ets> to suckle, fr. <ets>lac</ets> milk.]</ety> <def>To

wean.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab`lac*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts

from their dam.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The process of grafting now

called <xex>inarching</xex>, or <xex>grafting by

approach</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ab*la"que*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablaqueatus</ets>, p. p. of. <ets>ablaqueare</ets>; fr.

<ets>ab + laqueus</ets> a noose.]</ety> <def>To lay bare, as the

roots of a tree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab*la`que*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablaqueatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of laying

bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and

water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Ab`las*tem"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ growth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Non-germinal.</def>



<hw>Ab*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablatio</ets>, fr. <ets>ablatus</ets> p. p. of

<ets>auferre</ets> to carry away; <ets>ab + latus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>ferre</ets> carry: cf. F. <ets>ablation</ets>. See

<er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A carrying or taking

away; removal.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Extirpation.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Wearing away; superficial

waste.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Ab`la*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Diminishing; <as>as, an <ex>ablatitious</ex>

force</as>.</def>



<au>Sir J. Herschel.</au>



<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ablatif</ets>, <ets>ablative</ets>, L. <ets>ablativus</ets>

fr. <ets>ablatus</ets>. See <er>Ablation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Taking away or removing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion,

<qex>ablative</qex> directions are found needful to unteach

error, ere we can learn truth.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to one of the cases

of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental

meaning of the case being <xex>removal</xex>,

<xex>separation</xex>, or <xex>taking away</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ab"la*tive</hw>, <fld>(Gram.</fld>) <def>The ablative

case.</def>



<cs><col>ablative absolute</col>, <cd>a construction in Latin, in

which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either

expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and

case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being

unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as,

<xex>Tarquinio regnante<xex>, Pythagoras venit, <xex>i. e.<xex>,

Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ab"laut</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ger.,

off-sound; <ets>ab</ets> off + <ets>laut</ets> sound.]</ety>

<fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>The substitution of one root vowel for

another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or

meaning; vowel permutation; <as>as, <ex>get</ex>, <ex>gat</ex>,

<ex>got</ex>; <ex>sing</ex>, <ex>song</ex>; <ex>hang</ex>,

<ex>hung</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<-- p. 5  -->



<hw>A*blaze"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blaze</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On

fire; in a blaze, gleaming.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<q>All <qex>ablaze</qex> with crimson and gold.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a state of glowing excitement or ardent

desire.</def>



<q>The young Cambridge democrats were all <qex>ablaze</qex> to

assist Torrijos.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>A"ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Comp.</pos> <er>Abler</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Ablest</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>habile</ets>, L. <ets>habilis</ets> that may be

easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. <ets>habere</ets> to

have, hold. Cf. <er>Habile</er> and see <er>Habit</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fit; adapted; suitable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A many man, to ben an abbot <qex>able</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill,

means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object;

possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end;

competent; qualified; capable; <as>as, an <ex>able</ex> workman,

soldier, seaman, a man <ex>able</ex> to work; a mind

<ex>able</ex> to reason; a person <ex>able</ex> to be generous;

<ex>able</ex> to endure pain; <ex>able</ex> to play on a

piano.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specially: Having intellectual qualifications,

or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented;

clever; powerful; <as>as, the <ex>ablest</ex> man in the senate;

an <ex>able</ex> speech.</as></def>



<q>No man wrote <qex>abler</qex> state papers.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Legally qualified; possessed of

legal competence; <as>as, <ex>able</ex> to inherit or devise

property</as>.</def>



<note><col>Able for</col>, is Scotticism. <q>\'bdHardly <qex>able

for</qex> such a march.\'b8</q>

<au>Robertson.</au></note>



<syn>Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;

capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.</syn>



<hw>A"ble</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

able; to enable; to strengthen.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To vouch for.</def> \'bdI 'll <xex>able</xex>

them.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F. -<ets>able</ets>, L.

-<ets>abilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>An adjective suffix now usually

in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or

worthiness in a passive sense; <as>as, mov<ex>able</ex>, able to

be moved; amend<ex>able</ex>, able to be amended;

blam<ex>able</ex>, fit to be blamed; sal<ex>able</ex>.</as></def>



<note>The form <wordforms><wf>ible<wf></wordforms> is used in the

same sense.</note>



<note><hand/ It is difficult to say when we are not to use

-<xex>able</xex> instead of -<xex>ible</xex>. \'bdYet a rule may

be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then,

from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival

stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all

substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -<xex>able</xex>

only.\'b8</note>



<au>Fitzed. Hall.</au>



<hw>A`ble-bod"ied</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.</def> 

\'bd<xex>Able</xex>-<xex>bodied</xex> vagrant.\'b8

<au>Froude</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>A`ble-bod"ied*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos>.</wordforms>



<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablegatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ablegare</ets>; <ets>ab +

legare</ets> to send with a commission. See

<er>Legate</er>.]</ety> <def>To send abroad.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab"le*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R. C.

Ch.)</fld> <def>A representative of the pope charged with

important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties

being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of

office.</def>



<hw>Ab`le*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablegatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of sending

abroad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>A`ble-mind"ed</hw> (#), <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having much

intellectual power.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>A`ble-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A"ble*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ability of

body or mind; force; vigor.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<hw>Ab"lep*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ to see.]</ety> <def>Blindness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Urquhart.</au>



<hw>A"bler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>, <def>

<pos>comp.</pos> of <er>Able</er>.</def>   --

<wordforms><wf>A"blest</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<def><pos>superl.</pos> of <er>Able</er>.</def></wordforms>



<mhw><hw>Ab"let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ab"len</hw></mhw> <ety>[F.

<ets>ablet</ets>, <ets>ablette</ets>, a dim. fr. LL.

<ets>abula</ets>, for <ets>albula</ets>, dim. of <ets>albus</ets>

white. Cf. <er>Abele</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small fresh-water fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>; the

bleak.</def>



<hw>Ab"li*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ab + ligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ligare</ets> to

tie.]</ety> <def>To tie up so as to hinder from.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*lig`u*ri"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abligurito</ets>, fr. <ets>abligurire</ets> to spend in

luxurious indulgence; <ets>ab + ligurire</ets> to be lickerish,

dainty, fr. <ets>lingere</ets> to lick.]</ety> <def>Prodigal

expense for food.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>A"blins</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>A*bloom"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>bloom</ets>.]</ety> <def>In or into bloom;

in a blooming state.</def>



<au>Masson.</au>



<hw>Ab*lude"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abludere</ets>; <ets>ab + ludere</ets> to play.]</ety>

<def>To be unlike; to differ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ab"lu*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abluens</ets>, p. pr. of. <ets>abluere</ets> to wash away;

<ets>ab + luere</ets> (<ets>lavere</ets>, <ets>lavare</ets>). See

<er>Lave</er>.]</ety> <def>Washing away; carrying off impurities;

detergent.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A detergent.</def></wordforms>



<hw>A*blush"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>Blushing;

ruddy.</def>



<hw>Ab*lu`tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ablutio</ets>, fr. <ets>abluere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ablution</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing

of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The water used in cleansing.</def> \'bdCast the

<xex>ablutions</xex> in the main.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A small quantity of wine

and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index

finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing

portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the

priest.</def>



<hw>Ab*lu"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to ablution.</def>



<hw>Ab*lu"vi*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>abluvio</ets>. See <er>Abluent</er>.]</ety> <def>That which

is washed off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dwight.</au>



<hw>A"bly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an able

manner; with great ability; <as>as, <ex>ably</ex> done, planned,

said</as>.</def>



<hw>-a*bly</hw><pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A suffix composed of

<it>-able</it> and the adverbial suffix <it>-ly</it>; <as>as,

<it>favorably</it></as></def>.



<hw>Ab"ne*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abnegated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abnegating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abnegatus</ets>,p. p. of <ets>abnegare</ets>; <ets>ab +

negare</ets> to deny. See <er>Deny</er>.]</ety> <def>To deny and

reject; to abjure.</def>



<au>Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.</au>



<hw>Ab`ne*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abnegatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>abn\'82gation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>a denial; a renunciation.</def>



<q>With <qex>abnegation</qex> of God, of his honor, and of

religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.</q>

<qau>Knox.</qau>



<hw>Ab"ne*ga*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abnegativus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Denying; renouncing;

negative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Clarke.</au>



<hw>Ab"ne*ga`tor</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> [L.] <def>One

who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ab"net</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<def>The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.</def>



<hw>Ab"no*date</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abnodatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abnodare</ets>; <ets>ab +

nodus</ets> knot.]</ety> <def>To clear (tress) from knots.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Ab`no*da"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of cutting away the knots of trees.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Ab*nor"mal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For earlier

<ets>anormal</ets>.F. <ets>anormal</ets>, LL.

<ets>anormalus</ets> for <ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/. Confused

with L. <ets>abnormis</ets>. See <er>Anomalous</er>,

<er>Abnormous</er>, <er>Anormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not conformed

to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous;

irregular.</def> \'bdThat deviating from the type; anomalous;

irregular. \'b8



<au>Froude.</au>



<hw>Ab`nor*mal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abnormalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

state or quality of being abnormal; variation;

irregularity.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something abnormal.</def>



<hw>Ab*nor"mal*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

abnormal manner; irregularly.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Ab*nor"mi*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abnormities</plw> <pr>(#)</plu></pr>. <ety>[LL.

<ets>abnormitas</ets>. See <er>Abnormous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity;

monstrosity.</def> \'bdAn <xex>abnormity</xex> . . . like a calf

born with two heads.\'b8



<au>Mrs. Whitney.</au>



<hw>Ab*nor"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abnormis</ets>; <ets>ab + norma</ets> rule. See

<er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Abnormal; irregular.</def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<q>A character of a more <qex>abnormous</qex> cast than his

equally suspected coadjutor.</q>



<au>State Trials.</au>



<hw>A*board"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> on, in + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>



<def> On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or

within a railway car.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Alongside; <as>as, close

<ex>aboard</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><fld>Naut.</fld>: <col>To fall aboard of</col>, <cd>to strike

a ship's side; to fall foul of.</cd> -- <col>To haul the tacks

aboard</col>, <cd>to set the courses.</cd> -- <col>To keep the

land aboard</col>, <cd>to hug the shore.</cd> -- <col>To lay (a

ship) aboard</col>, <cd>to place one's own ship close alongside

of (a ship) for fighting.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*board"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On board of;

<as>as, to go <ex>aboard</ex> a ship</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Across; athwart.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nor iron bands <qex>aboard</qex>

The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*bod"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bode</er>.]</ety> <def>An omen; a portending.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bode"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>pret.</pos> <def>of

<er>Abide</er>.</def>



<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>abad</ets>,

<ets>abood</ets>, fr. <ets>abiden</ets> to abide. See

<er>Abide</er>. For the change of vowel, cf. <ets>abode</ets>,

imp. of <ets>abide</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of waiting;

delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>And with her fled away without <qex>abode</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.</def>



<q>He waxeth at your <qex>abode</qex> here.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Place of continuance, or where one dwells;

abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.</def>



<q>Come, let me lead you to our poor <qex>abode</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bode</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true

<qex>abodes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bode; to

foreshow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*bode"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be ominous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>A*bode"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

foreboding; an omen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Abodements</xex> must not now affright us.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*bod"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bol"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abolished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Abolishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>abolir</ets>, L.

<ets>abolere</ets>, <ets>aboletum</ets>; <ets>ab + olere</ets> to

grow. Cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void;

-- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.;

<as>as, to <ex>abolish</ex> slavery, to <ex>abolish</ex>

folly</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical

objects; to wipe out.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>And with thy blood <qex>abolish</qex> so reproachful blot.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>His quick instinctive hand

Caught at the hilt, as to <qex>abolish</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Abolish</er>, <er>Repeal</er>,

<er>Abrogate</er>, <er>Revoke</er>, <er>Annul</er>,

<er>Nullify</er>, <er>Cancel</er>.</syn> <usage> These words have

in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act.

<xex>Abolish</xex> applies particularly to things of a permanent

nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to

<xex>abolish</xex> monopolies, serfdom, slavery.

<xex>Repeal</xex> describes the act by which the legislature of a

state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted.

<xex>Abrogate</xex> was originally applied to the repeal of a law

by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was

usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to <xex>their</xex>

act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act

by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws,

ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc.

<xex>Revoke</xex> denotes the act or recalling some previous

grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to <xex>revoke</xex>

a decree, to <xex>revoke</xex> a power of attorney, a promise,

etc. Thus, also, we speak of the <xex>revocation</xex> of the

Edict of Nantes. <xex>Annul</xex> is used in a more general

sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to <xex>annul</xex> a

contract, to <xex>annul</xex> an agreement. <xex>Nullify</xex> is

an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting

of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to

<xex>nullify</xex> an act of Congress. <xex>Cancel</xex> is to

strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something

which has operative force.</usage>



<hw>A*bol"ish*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abolissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

abolished.</def>



<hw>A*bol"ish*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abolishes.</def>



<hw>A*bol"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abolissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abolishing;

abolition; destruction.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Ab"o*li"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>abolere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>abolition</ets>. See <er>Abolish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling;

abrogation; utter destruction; <as>as, the <ex>abolition</ex> of

slavery or the slave trade; the <ex>abolition</ex> of laws,

decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The application of this word to persons is now

unusual or obsolete</note>



<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles or measures of abolitionists.</def>



<au>Wilberforce.</au>



<hw>Ab`o*li"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who favors

the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.</def>



<hw>Ab`o*li`tion*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

imbue with the principles of abolitionism.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*bo"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South American serpent

(<spn>Boa aboma</spn>).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ab`o*ma"sum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ab`o*ma"sus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>omasum</ets> (a Celtic

word.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> The fourth or digestive stomach

of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach

<xex>omasum</xex>. See <er>Ruminantia</er>.</def>



<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abominable</ets>. L. <ets>abominalis</ets>. See

<er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Worthy of, or

causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the

utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome;

execrable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time

[15th c.], \'bda<xex>bomynable</xex> syght of monkes\'b8 was

elegant English for \'bda large company of friars.\'b8</note>



<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>



<hw>A*bom"i*na*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being abominable; odiousness.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>A*bom"i*na*bly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.</def>



<hw>A*bom"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abominated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abominating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abominatus</ets>, p. p. or <ets>abominari</ets> to deprecate

as ominous, to abhor, to curse; <ets>ab + omen</ets> a

foreboding. See <er>Omen</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn from as

ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious

dread; loathe; <as>as, to <ex>abominate</ex> all

impiety</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See

<er>Hate</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*bom`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abominacioun</ets>, <ets>-cion</ets>, F.

<ets>abominatio</ets>. See <er>Abominate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence;

detestation; loathing; <as>as, he holds tobacco in

<ex>abomination</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is abominable; anything hateful,

wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites

disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.</def>



<q>Antony, most large in his <qex>abominations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cause of pollution or wickedness.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust;

aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.</syn>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>A*boon"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>and

<xex>adv</xex>. Above.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q><qex>Aboon</qex> the pass of Bally-Brough.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>The ceiling fair that rose <qex>aboon</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>



<hw>Ab*o"ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ab</ets>. + E. <ets>oral</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*bord"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Manner of approaching or accosting; address.</def>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>A*bord"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aborder</ets>, <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>bord</ets> rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See

<er>Border</er>, <er>Board</er>.]</ety> <def>To approach; to

accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Digby.</au>



<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aborigines</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>First; original; indigenous; primitive; native;

<as>as, the <ex>aboriginal</ex> tribes of America</as>.</def>

\'bdMantled o'er with <xex>aboriginal</xex> turf.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to aborigines; <as>as, a Hindoo

of <ex>aboriginal</ex> blood</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An animal or a plant native to the region.</def>



<q>It may well be doubted whether this frog is an

<qex>aboriginal</qex> of these islands.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being aboriginal.</def>



<au>Westm. Rev.</au>



<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Primarily.</def>



<hw>Ab`o*rig"i*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aborigines</ets>; <ets>ab + origo</ets>, especially the

first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (<ets>ab

origine</ets>) inhabited Latium or Italy. See

<er>Origin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The earliest known

inhabitants of a country; native races.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The original fauna and flora of a geographical

area</def>



<hw>A*borse"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abortment;

abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>A*bor"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Abortive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>A*bort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abortare</ets>, fr. <ets>abortus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>aboriri</ets>; <ets>ab + oriri</ets> to rise, to be born.

See <er>Orient</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To miscarry; to bring forth young

prematurely.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>To become checked in normal

development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away

wholly; to become sterile.</def>



<hw>A*bort"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>abortus</ets>, fr.

<ets>aboriri</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An untimely

birth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An aborted offspring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>A*bort"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Brought forth

prematurely.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Rendered abortive or sterile;

undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage;

<as>as, spines are <ex>aborted</ex> branches</as>.</def>



<q>The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less <qex>aborted</qex>

in their mature state.</q>

<qau>Owen.</qau>



<hw>A*bor"ti*cide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abortus + caedere</ets> to kill. See <er>Abort</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The act of destroying a fetus in the womb;

feticide.</def>



<hw>A*bor`ti*fa"cient</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abortus</ets> (see <er>Abort</er>, <ets>v</ets>.) +

<ets>faciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety>

<def>Producing miscarriage.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drug

or an agent that causes premature delivery.</def>



<hw>A*bor"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abortio</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See

<er>Abort</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of giving

premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus

prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life;

miscarriage.</def>



<note><hand/ It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a

premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the

<xex>abortion</xex>, \'bdcausing or procuring

<xex>abortion</xex>\'b8 is the full name of the offense.</note>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<-- p. 6 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The immature product of an untimely birth.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Arrest of development of any

organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is

absorbed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any fruit or produce that does not come to

maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured

or perfect; a complete failure; <as>as, his attempt</as>. proved

an <xex>abortiori</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*bor"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>A*bor"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who procures

abortion or miscarriage.</def>



<hw>A*bor"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abortivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aboriri</ets>. See <er>Abort</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Produced by abortion; born

prematurely; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex> child</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made from the skin of a still-born animal;

<as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> vellum</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPlunged in that <xex>abortive</xex>

gulf.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Coming to naught; failing in its effect;

miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; <as>as, an

<ex>abortive</ex> attempt</as>.</def> \'bdAn <xex>abortive</xex>

enterprise.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Imperfectly formed or

developed; rudimentary; sterile; <as>as, an <ex>abortive</ex>

organ, stamen, ovule, etc.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Causing abortion;

<as>as, <ex>abortive</ex> medicines</as>.</def> <au>Parr</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Cutting short; <as>as, <ex>abortive</ex>

treatment of typhoid fever</as>.</def>



<hw>A*bor"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fruitless effort or issue.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A medicine to which is attributed the property

of causing abortion.</def><-- now usu. abortifacient. -->



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>A*bor"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an abortive or

untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.</def>



<hw>A*bor"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

abortive.</def>



<hw>A*bort"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bought"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Aby</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bound"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abounded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abounden</ets>, F. <ets>abonder</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>abundare</ets> to overflow, abound; <ets>ab + unda</ets>

wave. Cf. <er>Undulate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be in

great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.</def>



<q>The wild boar which <qex>abounds</qex> in some parts of the

continent of Europe.</q>

<qau>Chambers.</qau>



<q>Where sin <qex>abounded</qex> grace did much more

<qex>abound</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rom. v. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be copiously supplied; -- followed by

<xex>in</xex> or <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>To abound in</col>, <cd>to posses in such abundance as

to be characterized by.</cd> -- <col>To abound with</col>, <cd>to

be filled with; to possess in great numbers.</cd></cs>



<q>Men <qex>abounding in</qex> natural courage.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>A faithful man shall <qex>abound with</qex> blessings.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxviii. 20.</qau>



<q>It <qex>abounds with</qex> cabinets of curiosities.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>A*bout"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aboute</ets>, <ets>abouten</ets>, <ets>abuten</ets>; AS.

<ets>\'bebutan</ets>, <ets>onbutan</ets>; <ets>on + butan</ets>,

which is from <ets>be</ets> by + u<ets>tan</ets> outward, from

<ets>ut</ets> out. See <er>But</er>, <er>Out</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Around; all round; on every side of.</def>  

\'bdLook <xex>about</xex> you.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdBind them

<xex>about</xex> thy neck.\'b8 <au>Prov. iii. 3</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity

or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's

person).</def>  \'bdHave you much money <xex>about</xex> you?\'b8



<au>Bulwer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Over or upon different parts of; through or over

in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in;

throughout.</def>



<q>Lampoons . . . were handed <qex>about</qex> the

coffeehouses.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Roving still <qex>about</qex> the world.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Near; not far from; -- determining approximately

time, size, quantity.</def>   \'bdTo-morrow, <xex>about</xex>

this time.\'b8 <au>Exod. ix. 18</au>. \'bd<xex>About</xex> my

stature.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<q>He went out <qex>about</qex> the third hour.</q>

<qau>Matt. xx. 3.</qau>



<note><hand/ This use passes into the adverbial sense.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In concern with; engaged in; intent on.</def>



<q>I must be <qex>about</qex> my Father's business.</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 49.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <mark>Before a verbal noun or an infinitive</mark>:

<def>On the point or verge of; going; in act of.</def>



<q>Paul was now <qex>about</qex>to open his mouth.</q>

<qau>Acts xviii. 14.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Concerning; with regard to; on account of;

touching.</def>  \'bdTo treat <xex>about</xex> thy ransom.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>She must have her way <qex>about</qex> Sarah.</q>

<qau>Trollope.</qau>



<hw>A*bout"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On all sides;

around.</def>



<q>'Tis time to look <qex>about</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way;

around the outside; <as>as, a mile <ex>about</ex>, and a third of

a mile across</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Here and there; around; in one place and

another.</def>



<q>Wandering <qex>about</qex> from house to house.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. v. 13.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Nearly; approximately; with close

correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; <as>as,

<ex>about</ex> as cold; <ex>about</ex> as high</as>; -- also of

quantity, number, time.</def> \'bdThere fell . . .

<xex>about</xex> three thousand men.\'b8



<au>Exod. xxii. 28.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To a reserved position; half round; in the

opposite direction; on the opposite tack; <as>as, to face

<ex>about</ex>; to turn one's self <ex>about</ex>.</as></def>



<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to cause to take place; to

accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To come about</col>, <cd>to occur; to

take place. See under <er>Come</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To go

about</col>, <col>To set about</col></mcol>, <cd>to undertake; to

arrange; to prepare. \'bdShall we <xex>set about<xex> some

revels?</cd> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>Round about</col>, <cd>in

every direction around.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*bout"-sledge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

largest hammer used by smiths.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>A*bove"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>above</ets>, <ets>aboven</ets>, <ets>abuffe</ets>, AS.

<ets>abufon</ets>; <ets>an</ets> (or <ets>on</ets>) on +

<ets>be</ets> by + <ets>ufan</ets> upward; cf. Goth.

<ets>uf</ets> under. \'fb199.  See <er>Over</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over

the upper surface; over; -- opposed to <xex>below</xex> or

<xex>beneath</xex>.</def>



<q>Fowl that may fly <qex>above</qex> the earth.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any

respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than;

<as>as, things <ex>above</ex> comprehension; <ex>above</ex> mean

actions; conduct <ex>above</ex> reproach.</as></def> \'bdThy

worth . . . is actions <xex>above</xex> my gifts.\'b8



<au>Marlowe.</au>



<q>I saw in the way a light from heaven <qex>above</qex> the

brightness of the sun.</q>

<qau>Acts xxxvi. 13.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Surpassing in number or quantity; more than;

<as>as, <ex>above</ex> a hundred</as>. (Passing into the

adverbial sense. See <er>Above</er>, <pos>adv.</pos>, 4.)</def>



<cs><col>above all</col>, <cd>before every other consideration;

chiefly; in preference to other things.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Over and above</col>, <pos>prep. or adv.</pos>,

<cd>besides; in addition to.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*bove"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; <as>as,

the clouds <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Earlier in order; higher in the same page;

hence, in a foregoing page.</def> \'bdThat was said

<xex>above</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Higher in rank or power; <as>as, he appealed to

the court <ex>above</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>More than; <as>as, <ex>above</ex> five hundred

were present</as>.</def>



<note><xex>Above</xex> is often used elliptically as an adjective

by omitting the word <xex>mentioned</xex>, <xex>quoted</xex>, or

the like; as, the <xex>above</xex> observations, the

<xex>above</xex> reference, the <xex>above</xex> articles. --

<xex>Above</xex> is also used substantively. \'bdThe waters that

come down from <xex>above</xex>.\'b8



<au>Josh. iii. 13.</au>



It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of

<xex>before</xex>, <xex>previously</xex>; as,

<xex>above</xex>-cited, <xex>above</xex>-described,

<xex>above</xex>-mentioned, <xex>above</xex>-named,

<xex>above</xex>said, <xex>above</xex>specified,

<xex>above</xex>-written, <xex>above</xex>-given.</note>



<hw>A*bove"board`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Above

the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick,

concealment, or deception.</def> \'bdFair and

<xex>aboveboard</xex>.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<note><hand/ This expression is said by Johnson to have been

borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put

their hands under the table.</note>



<hw>A*bove"-cit`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cited

before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.</def>



<hw>A*bove"deck`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>On deck;

and hence, like <xex>aboveboard</xex>, without artifice.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<mhw><hw>A*bove"-men`tioned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*bove"-named`</hw></mhw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.</def>



<hw>A*bove"said`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mentioned

or recited before.</def>



<hw>A*box"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Braced aback.</def>



<hw>Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. Of

unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A mystical word or collocation of

letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was

supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly

in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.</def>



<hw>Ab*ra"dant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A material

used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.</def>



<hw>Ab*rade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abraded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Abrading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abradere</ets>, <ets>abrasum</ets>, to scrape off; <ets>ab +

radere</ets> to scrape. See <er>Rase</er>, <er>Raze</er>.]</ety>

<def>To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction;

<as>as, to <ex>abrade</ex> rocks</as>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>A*brade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A`bra*ham"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Abraham, the patriarch; <as>as, the <ex>Abrachamic</ex>

covenant</as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>A`bra*ham*it"ic</hw>, <hw>*ic*al</hw></mhw><pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to the patriarch Abraham.</def>



<mhw><hw>A"bra*ham-man`</hw><pr>(#)</pr> <xex>or</xex>

<hw>A"bram-man`</hw></mhw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus

in Luke xvi. <au>Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).</au>]</ety> <def> One

of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England,

feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<cs><col>To sham Abraham</col>, <cd>to feign sickness.</cd></cs>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>A*braid"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abraiden</ets>, to awake, draw (a sword), AS.

<ets>\'bebredgan</ets> to shake, draw; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets>

(cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning

<ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bregdan</ets> to shake, throw. See

<er>Braid</er>.]</ety> <def>To awake; to arouse; to stir or start

up; also, to shout out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*bran"chi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Abranchiate.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*bran`chi*a"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, pl., the gills of

fishes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of annelids, so

called because the species composing it have no special organs of

respiration.</def>



<hw>A*bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without gills.</def>



<hw>Ab*rase"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrasus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abradere</ets>. See

<er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <def>Rubbed smooth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAn <xex>abrase</xex> table.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ab*ra"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrasio</ets>, fr. <ets>abradere</ets>. See

<er>Abrade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abrading,

wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; <as>as,

the <ex>abrasion</ex> of coins</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The substance rubbed off.</def>



<au>Berkeley.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A superficial excoriation,

with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ab*ra"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Producing

abrasion.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<mhw><hw>A*braum"</hw> or <hw>A*braum" salts</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ger., fr.

<ets>abr\'84umen</ets> to remove.]</ety> <def>A red ocher used to

darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*brax"as</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A name

adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek

letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e,

\'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was

used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of

his system.]</ety> <def>A mystical word used as a charm and

engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus

engraved.</def>



<hw>A*bray"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos> <ety>[A false form

from the preterit <ets>abraid</ets>, <ets>abrayde</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Abraid</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*breast"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>breast</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Side

by side, with breasts in a line; <as>as, \'bdTwo men could hardly

walk <ex>abreast</ex></as>.\'b8</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Side by side; also, opposite;

over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced;

<as>as, to keep <ex>abreast</ex> of [or with] the present state

of science</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>At the same time; simultaneously.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Abreast</qex> therewith began a convocation.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>A*breg"ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Abridge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab`re*nounce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrenuntiare</ets>; <ets>ab + renuntiare</ets>. See

<er>Renounce</er>.]</ety> <def>To renounce.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThey <xex>abrenounce</xex> and cast them

off.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>abrenuntiatio</ets>. See

<er>Abrenounce</er>.]</ety> <def>Absolute renunciation or

repudiation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An <qex>abrenunciation</qex> of that truth which he so long

had professed, and still believed.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Ab*rep"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abreptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abripere</ets> to snatch away;

<ets>ab + rapere</ets> to snatch.]</ety> <def>A snatching

away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A`breu`voir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

watering place.]</ety> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The joint or

interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>A"bri*cock</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Apricot</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*bridge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abridged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Abridging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>abregen</ets>,

OF. <ets>abregier</ets>, F. <ets>abr\'82ger</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>abbreviare</ets>; <ets>ad + brevis</ets> short. See

<er>Brief</er> and cf. <er>Abbreviate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to

diminish; to curtail; <as>as, to <ex>abridge</ex> labor; to

<ex>abridge</ex> power or rights.</as></def> \'bdThe bridegroom .

. . <xex>abridged</xex> his visit.\'b8



<au>Smollett.</au>



<q>She retired herself to Sebaste, and <qex>abridged</qex> her

train from state to necessity.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet

retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; <as>as, to

<ex>abridge</ex> a history or dictionary</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by

<xex>of</xex>, and formerly by <xex>from</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>abridge</ex> one of his rights</as>.</def>



<hw>A*bridg"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abridges.</def>



<hw>A*bridg"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abregement</ets>. See <er>Abridge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act abridging, or the state of being abridged;

diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; <as>as, an

<ex>abridgment</ex> of pleasures or of expenses</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened

or abridged form; an abbreviation.</def>



<q>Ancient coins as <qex>abridgments</qex> of history.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an

entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What <qex>abridgment</qex> have you for this evening? What

mask? What music?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Abridgment</er>, <er>Compendium</er>,

<er>Epitome</er>, <er>Abstract</er>, <er>Synopsis</er>.</syn>

<usage> An <xex>abridgment</xex> is made by omitting the less

important parts of some larger work; as, an <xex>abridgment</xex>

of a dictionary. A <xex>compendium</xex> is a brief exhibition of

a subject, or science, for common use; as, a

<xex>compendium</xex> of American literature. An

<xex>epitome</xex> corresponds to a <xex>compendium</xex>, and

gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an

<xex>epitome</xex> of history. An <xex>abstract</xex> is a brief

statement of a thing in its main points. A <xex>synopsis</xex> is

a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several

parts.</usage>



<hw>A*broach"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abrochen</ets>, OF. <ets>abrochier</ets>. See

<er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>To set abroach; to let out, as

liquor; to broach; to tap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*broach"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>broach</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Broached; in a

condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is

tapped.</def>



<q>Hogsheads of ale were set <qex>abroach</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated;

afoot; astir.</def> \'bdMischiefs that I set

<xex>abroach</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*broad"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>broad</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At

large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; <as>as, a tree spreads

its branches <ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The fox roams far <qex>abroad</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without a certain confine; outside the house;

away from one's abode; <as>as, to walk

<ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def>



<q>I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court

<qex>abroad</qex>.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign

countries; <as>as, we have broils at home and enemies

<ex>abroad</ex></as>.</def> \'bdAnother prince . . . was living

<xex>abroad</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Before the public at large; throughout society

or the world; here and there; widely.</def>



<q>He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze

<qex>abroad</qex> the matter.</q>

<qau>Mark i. 45.</qau>



<cs><col>To be abroad</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To be wide of the

mark; to be at fault; as, you <xex>are all abroad<xex> in your

guess. <sd>(b)</sd> To be at a loss or nonplused.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab"ro*ga*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being abrogated.</def>



<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrogatus</ets>, <ets>p</ets>. <ets>p</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Abrogated; abolished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Ab"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abrogated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abrogating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrogatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrogare</ets>; <ets>ab +

rogare</ets> to ask, require, propose. See

<er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To annul by an

authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or

his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws,

decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.</def>



<q>Let us see whether the New Testament <qex>abrogates</qex> what

we so frequently see in the Old.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not

alter or <qex>abrogate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put an end to; to do away with.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke;

repeal; cancel; annihilate. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab`ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrogare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>abrogation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of abrogating; repeal

by authority.</def>



<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>Ab"ro*ga*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

or designed to abrogate; <as>as, an <ex>abrogative</ex>

law</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab"ro*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

repeals by authority.</def>



<hw>A*brood"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of

brooding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Abp. Sancroft.</au>



<hw>A*brook"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>brook</ets>, v.]</ety> <def>To brook; to

endure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abruptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abrumpere</ets> to break off;

<ets>ab + rumpere</ets> to break. See <er>Rupture</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks,

precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; <as>as, <ex>abrupt</ex>

places</as>.</def> \'bdTumbling through ricks

<xex>abrupt</xex>,\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without notice to prepare the mind for the

event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious.</def> \'bdThe cause of your

<xex>abrupt</xex> departure.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having sudden transitions from one subject to

another; unconnected.</def>



<q>The <qex>abrupt</qex> style, which hath many breaches.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<-- p. 7 -->



<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Suddenly terminating, as if

cut off.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt;

unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.</syn>



<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abruptum</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abrupt place.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark> <q>\'bdOver the vast

<xex>abrupt</xex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ab*rupt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tear off or

asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTill death

<xex>abrupts</xex> them.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ab*rup"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abruptio</ets>, fr. <ets>abrumpere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>abruption</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sudden breaking off; a

violent separation of bodies.</def>



<au>Woodward.</au>



<hw>Ab*rupt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms;

suddenly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Precipitously.</def>



<cs><col>Abruptly pinnate</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>pinnate

without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.</cd></cs>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ab*rupt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness;

steepness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence;

<as>as, <ex>abruptness</ex> of style or manner</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab"scess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abscesses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>abscessus</ets> a going away, gathering of humors, abscess,

fr. <ets>abscessus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absedere</ets> to go

away; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + <ets>cedere</ets> to go

off, retire. See <er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of

the body, the result of a morbid process.</def>



<cs><col>Cold abscess</col>, <cd>an abscess of slow formation,

unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary

abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency

towards healing; a chronic abscess.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab*sces"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abscessio</ets> a separation; fr. <ets>absedere</ets>. See

<er>Abscess</er>.]</ety> <def>A separating; removal; also, an

abscess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gauden. Barrough.</au>



<hw>Ab*scind"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absindere</ets>; <ets>ab + scindere</ets> to rend, cut. See

<er>Schism</er>.]</ety> <def>To cut off.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bdTwo syllables . . . <xex>abscinded</xex> from the rest.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ab*sci"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abscisio</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Abscission</er>.</def>



<hw>Ab"sciss</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Abscisses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>See

<er>Abscissa</er>.</def>



<hw>Ab*scis"sa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>E. pl.

<plw>Abscissas</plw>, L. pl. <plw>Absciss\'91</plw></plu>.

<ety>[L., fem. of <ets>abscissus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>absindere</ets> to cut of. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the elements of reference by which

a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed

rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes.</def><note> When referred to two

intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or

of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the

<xex>abscissa</xex> of the point is the distance cut off from the

axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of

Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a

common intersection, the <xex>abscissa</xex> may be the distance

measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane

of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are

called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the <xex>abscissa</xex> of

the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting

lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates

respectively, and the point O their origin.</note>



<hw>Ab*scis"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abscissio</ets>. See <er>Abscind</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of cutting off.</def> \'bdNot to be cured

without the <xex>abscission</xex> of a member.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being cut off.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech employed

when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus,

\'bdHe is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such

generosity -- but I need say no more.\'b8</def>



<hw>Ab*scond"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Absconded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Absconding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>abscondere</ets> to hide; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs +

condere</ets> to lay up; <ets>con + d\'ddre</ets> (only in comp.)

to put. Cf. <er>Do</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hide,

withdraw, or be concealed.</def>



<q>The marmot <qex>absconds</qex> all winter.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To depart clandestinely; to steal off and

secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to

avoid a legal process; <as>as, an <ex>absconding</ex>

debtor</as>.</def>



<q>That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so

many recruits to <qex>abscond</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ab*scond"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hide; to

conceal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<hw>Ab*scond"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fugitive

concealment; secret retirement; hiding.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Phillips.</au>



<hw>Ab*scond"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

absconds.</def>



<hw>Ab"sence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>absentia</ets>. See <er>Absent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from

companionship; -- opposed to <xex>presence</xex>.</def>



<q>Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my

<qex>absence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Phil. ii. 12.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Want; destitution; withdrawal.</def>  \'bdIn the

<xex>absence</xex> of conventional law.\'b8



<au>Kent.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inattention to things present; abstraction (of

mind); <as>as, <ex>absence</ex> of mind</as>.</def>

\'bdReflecting on the little <xex>absences</xex> and distractions

of mankind.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>To conquer that abstraction which is called

<qex>absence</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Ab"sent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>absens</ets>, <ets>absentis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>abesse</ets> to be away from; <ets>ab + esse</ets> to be.

Cf. <er>Sooth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being away from a

place; withdrawn from a place; not present.</def> \'bdExpecting

<xex>absent</xex> friends.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not existing; lacking; <as>as, the part was

rudimental or <ex>absent</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded;

preoccupied; <as>as, an <ex>absent</ex> air</as>.</def>



<q>What is commonly called an <qex>absent</qex> man is commonly

either a very weak or a very affected man.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Absent</er>, <er>Abstracted</er>.</syn> <usage>

These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding

objects. We speak of a man as <xex>absent</xex> when his thoughts

wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse;

we speak of him as <xex>abstracted</xex> when his mind (usually

for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some

weighty matter for reflection. <xex>Absence</xex> of mind is

usually the result of loose habits of thought;

<xex>abstraction</xex> commonly arises either from engrossing

interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of

association.</usage>



<hw>Ab*sent"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Absented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Absenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>absenter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take or withdraw

(one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; --

used with the reflexive pronoun.</def>



<q>If after due summons any member <qex>absents</qex> himself, he

is to be fined.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withhold from being present.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdGo; for thy stay, not free,

<xex>absents</xex> thee more.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>absentaneus</ets>. See <er>absent</er>]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to absence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab`sen*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of absenting one's self.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Ab`sen*tee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty;

especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district

than that where his estate is situated; <as>as, an Irish

<ex>absentee</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Ab`sen*tee"ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting

one's self from the country or district where one's estate is

situated.</def>



<hw>Ab*sent"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

absents one's self.</def>



<hw>Ab"sent*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

absent or abstracted manner.</def>



<hw>Ab*sent"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being absent; withdrawal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Ab`sent-mind"ed</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Absent

in mind; abstracted; preoccupied.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ab"sent*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being absent-minded.</def>



<au>H. Miller.</au>



<hw>Ab"sey-book`</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An A-B-C

book; a primer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ab"sin"thate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of absinthic acid with a

base or positive radical.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ab"sinth`</hw>, <hw>Ab"sinthe`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>absinthe</ets>. See

<er>Absinthium</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The plant absinthium

or common wormwood.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood

and brandy or alcohol.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of wormwood.</def> \'bd<xex>Absinthian</xex>

bitterness.\'b8



<au>T. Randolph.</au>



<hw>Ab"sin"thi*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From

L. <ets>absinthium</ets>: cf. L. <ets>absinthiatus</ets>,

a.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with wormwood.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thi*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Impregnated with wormwood; <as>as, <ex>absinthiated</ex>

wine</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to the common wormwood or to an

acid obtained from it.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The bitter principle of wormwood

<spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Ab"sin*thism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of

absinth.</def>



<hw>Ab*sin"thi*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common wormwood

<spn>(Artemisia absinthium)</spn>, an intensely bitter plant,

used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.</def>



<hw>Ab"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Apsis</er>.</def>



<hw>Ab*sist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absistere</ets>, p. pr. <ets>absistens</ets>; <ets>ab +

sistere</ets> to stand, causal of <ets>stare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Ab*sist"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A standing

aloof.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absolutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>absolvere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>absolu</ets>. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;

unrestricted; unconditional; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> authority,

monarchy, sovereignty, an <ex>absolute</ex> promise or command;

<ex>absolute</ex> power; an <ex>absolute</ex> monarch.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Complete in itself; perfect; consummate;

faultless; <as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> perfection;

<ex>absolute</ex> beauty.</as></def>



<q>So <qex>absolute</qex> she seems,

And in herself complete.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Viewed apart from modifying influences or

without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed

to <contr>relative</contr> and <contr>comparative</contr>;

<as>as, <ex>absolute</ex> motion; <ex>absolute</ex> time or

space.</as></def>



<note><xex>Absolute</xex> rights and duties are such as pertain

to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from

<xex>relative</xex> rights and duties, or such as pertain to him

in his social relations.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on

any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.</def>



<note><hand/ In this sense God is called <xex>the Absolute</xex>

by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the

universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of

relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as

dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually

depending forces and their laws.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Capable of being thought or conceived by itself

alone; unconditioned; non-relative.</def>



<note><hand/ It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term,

in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or

abstraction, or whether <xex>the absolute</xex>, as thus defined,

can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.</note>



<q>To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the

recent philosophy of <qex>the absolute</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I am <qex>absolute</qex> 't was very Cloten.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Authoritative; peremptory.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,

With <qex>absolute</qex> forefinger, brown and ringed.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pure; unmixed; <as>as,

<ex>absolute</ex> alcohol</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Not immediately dependent on

the other parts of the sentence in government; <as>as, the case

<ex>absolute</ex></as>. See <cref>Ablative absolute</cref>, under

<er>Ablative</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Absolute curvature</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that

curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in

the osculating plane of the curve.</cd> -- <col>Absolute

equation</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the sum of the optic and

eccentric equations.</cd> -- <col>Absolute space</col>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>space considered without relation to

material limits or objects.</cd> -- <col>Absolute terms</col>.

<fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>such as are known, or which do not contain

the unknown quantity.</cd> <au>Davies & Peck</au>. --

<col>Absolute temperature</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the

temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general

thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute

zero.</cd> -- <col>Absolute zero</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>,

<cd>the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute

temperature. It is equivalent to -273<deg/ centigrade or

-459.4<deg/ Fahrenheit.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional;

unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;

autocratic.</syn>



<hw>Ab"so*lute</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>In a plane, the two imaginary circular

points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary

circle at infinity.</def>



<hw>Ab"so*lute*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an absolute,

independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.</def>



<hw>Ab"so*lute*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness;

absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.</def>



<hw>Ab`so*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>absolution</ets>, L. <ets>absolutio</ets>, fr.

<ets>absolvere</ets> to absolve. See <er>Absolve</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin,

or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.</def> \'bdGovernment . . .

granting <xex>absolution</xex> to the nation.\'b8



<au>Froude.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>An acquittal, or sentence

of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The exercise of priestly

jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics

believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.</def>



<note><hand/ In the English and other Protestant churches, this

act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting

forgiveness.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An absolving from

ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The form of words by which a penitent is

absolved.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Delivery, in speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<cs><col>Absolution day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>Tuesday

before Easter.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab"so*lu`tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the

absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary

government; despotism.</def>



<q>The element of <qex>absolutism</qex> and prelacy was

controlling.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Doctrine of absolute

decrees.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic

government.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>One who believes that it is

possible to realize a cognition or concept of <xex>the

absolute</xex>.</def>



<au>Sir. W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Ab"so*lu`tist</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; <as>as, <ex>absolutist</ex>

principles</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab`so*lu*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.</def>



<hw>Ab*sol"u*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absolutorius</ets>, fr. <ets>absolvere</ets> to

absolve.]</ety> <def>Serving to absolve; absolving.</def> \'bdAn

absolutory sentence.\'b8



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Ab*solv"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be absolved.</def>



<hw>Ab*solv"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Conferring absolution; absolutory.</def>



<hw>Ab*solve"</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Absolved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Absolving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absolvere</ets> to

set free, to absolve; <ets>ab + solvere</ets> to loose. See

<er>Assoil</er>, <er>Solve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set

free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or

responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as

it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; <as>as,

to <ex>absolve</ex> a subject from his allegiance; to

<ex>absolve</ex> an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and

remission of his punishment.</as></def>



<q>Halifax was <qex>absolved</qex> by a majority of fourteen.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a

sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.</def>



<q>In his name I <qex>absolve</qex> your perjury.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To finish; to accomplish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The work begun, how soon <qex>absolved</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To resolve or explain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdWe shall not <xex>absolve</xex> the doubt.\'b8



<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absolve</er>, <er>Exonerate</er>,

<er>Acquit</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of a man as

<xex>absolved</xex> from something that binds his conscience, or

involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to <xex>absolve</xex> from

allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We

speak of a person as <xex>exonerated</xex>, when he is released

from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to

<xex>exonerate</xex> from suspicion, to <xex>exonerate</xex> from

blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of

a person as <xex>acquitted</xex>, when a decision has been made

in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a

jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was <xex>acquitted</xex>

of all participation in the crime.</usage>



<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absolvens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absolvere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Absolving.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Ab*solv"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An absolver.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hobbes.</au>



<hw>Ab*solv"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

absolves.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Ab"so*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ab

+ sonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety>

<def>Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to

<xex>consonant</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Absonant</xex> to

nature.\'b8



<au>Quarles.</au>



<hw>Ab"so*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absonus</ets>; <ets>ab + sonus</ets> sound.]</ety>

<def>Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Absonous</xex> to our reason.\'b8



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Ab*sorb"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Absorbed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Absorbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>absorbere</ets>;

<ets>ab + sorbere</ets> to suck in, akin to Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>absorber</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swallow up; to

engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing

up; to use up; to include.</def> \'bdDark oblivion soon

<xex>absorbs</xex> them all.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>The large cities <qex>absorb</qex> the wealth and fashion.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge

or as the lacteals of the body.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully;

<as>as, <ex>absorbed</ex> in study or the pursuit of

wealth</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any

molecular action, as when charcoal <xex>absorbs</xex> gases. So

heat, light, and electricity are <xex>absorbed</xex> or taken up

in the substances into which they pass.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<au>p. 8</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Absorb</er>, <er>Engross</er>, <er>Swallow

up</er>, <er>Engulf</er>.</syn> <usage> These words agree in one

general idea, that of <xex>completely taking up</xex>. They are

chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a

reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as

<xex>absorbed</xex> (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or

some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a

person as <xex>ebgrossed</xex> (lit., seized upon in the

<xex>gross</xex>, or wholly) by something which occupies his

whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the

attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger

image) as <xex>swallowed up</xex> and lost in that which

completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the

death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak

of a person as <xex>engulfed</xex> in that which (like a gulf)

takes in all his hopes and interests; as, <xex>engulfed</xex> in

misery, ruin, etc.</usage>



<q>That grave question which had begun to <qex>absorb</qex> the

Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<q>Too long hath love <qex>engrossed</qex> Britannia's stage,

And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<q>Should not the sad occasion <qex>swallow up</qex>

My other cares?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>And in destruction's river

<qex>Engulf</qex> and swallow those.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being absorbable.</def>



<au> Graham (Chemistry).</au>



<hw>Ab*sorb"a*ble</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>absorbable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being absorbed or

swallowed up.</def>



<au>Kerr.</au>



<hw>Ab*sorb"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner as if

wholly engrossed or engaged.</def>



<hw>Ab*sorb"en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Absorptiveness.</def>



<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absorbens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>absorbere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.</def>



<cs><col>Absorbent ground</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a ground

prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors,

by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the

colors.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab*sorb"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything

which absorbs.</def>



<q>The ocean, itself a bad <qex>absorbent</qex> of heat.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any substance which absorbs

and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as

magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts

on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated

parts.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The vessels

by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the

lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in

plants.</def>



<hw>Ab*sorb"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, absorbs.</def>



<hw>Ab*sorb"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swallowing, engrossing;

<as>as, an <ex>absorbing</ex> pursuit</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ab*sorb"ing</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ab`sor*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Absorption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ab*sorpt`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absorptus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Absorbed.</def>

<mark>[Arcahic.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Absorpt</xex> in care.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Ab*sorp"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absorptio</ets>, fr. <ets>absorbere</ets>. See

<er>Absorb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of

absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made

to disappear; <as>as, the <ex>absorption</ex> of bodies in a

whirlpool, the <ex>absorption</ex> of a smaller tribe into a

larger</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem. & Physics)</fld> <def>An imbibing or

reception by molecular or chemical action; <as>as, the

<ex>absorption</ex> of light, heat, electricity, etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>In living organisms, the

process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are

absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind;

<as>as, <ex>absorption</ex> in some employment</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab*sorp"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def> Having

power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>Ab*sorp"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being absorptive; absorptive power.</def>



<hw>Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Absorptiveness.</def>



<hw>Ab*squat"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

take one's self off; to decamp.</def> <mark>[A jocular word. U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Abs"que hoc</hw> <pr>(#)</pr><def>. <ety>[L., without

this.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> The technical words of denial used

in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.</def>



<hw>Ab*stain"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abstained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Abstaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>absteynen</ets>,

<ets>abstenen</ets>, OF. <ets>astenir</ets>, <ets>abstenir</ets>,

F. <ets>abstenir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abstinere</ets>,

<ets>abstentum</ets>, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; <ets>ab</ets>,

<ets>abs + tenere</ets> to hold. See <er>Tenable</er>.]</ety>

<def>To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,

and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites;

-- with <xex>from</xex>.</def>



<q>Not a few <qex>abstained</qex> from voting.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Who <qex>abstains</qex> from meat that is not gaunt?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give

up; relinquish.</syn>



<hw>Ab*stain"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hinder; to

withhold.</def>



<q>Whether he <qex>abstain</qex> men from marrying.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ab*stain"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating

liquors.</def>



<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstemius</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs</ets> + root of

<ets>temetum</ets> intoxicating drink.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Abstaining from wine.</def> <mark>[Orig. Latin

sense.]</mark>



<q>Under his special eye

<qex>Abstemious</qex> I grew up and thrived amain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of

food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the

indulgence of the appetite or passions.</def>



<q>Instances of longevity are chiefly among the

<qex>abstemious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sparingly used; used with temperance or

moderation; <as>as, an <ex>abstemious</ex> diet</as>.</def>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; <as>as, an

<ex>abstemious</ex> life</as>.</def> \'bdOne

<xex>abstemious</xex> day.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Promotive of abstemiousness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Such is the virtue of the <qex>abstemious</qex> well.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and

strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than

<xex>temperance</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ab*sten"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of abstaining; a holding

aloof.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ab*sten"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.</def>



<au>Farrar.</au>



<hw>Ab*sterge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstergere</ets>, <ets>abstersum</ets>; <ets>ab</ets>,

<ets>abs + tergere</ets> to wipe. Cf. F

<ets>absterger</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make clean by wiping; to

wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstergens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>abstergere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Serving to cleanse, detergent.</def>



<hw>Ab*ster"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance used in

cleansing; a detergent; <as>as, soap is an

<ex>abstergent</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ab*sterse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

absterge; to cleanse; to purge away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ab*ster"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abstersion</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of

wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.</def>



<q>The task of ablution and <qex>abstersion</qex> being

performed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abstersif</ets>. See <er>Absterge</er>.]</ety>

<def>Cleansing; purging.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ab*ster"sive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

cleansing.</def>



<q>The strong <qex>abstersive</qex> of some heroic

magistrate.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ab*ster"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being abstersive.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ab"sti*nence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abstinence</ets>, L. <ets>abstinentia</ets>, fr.

<ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of

any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of

appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual

propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from

intoxicating beverages, -- called also <altname>total

abstinence</altname>.</def>



<q>The <qex>abstinence</qex> from a present pleasure that offers

itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice of self-denial by depriving one's

self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.</def>



<q>Penance, fasts, and <qex>abstinence</qex>,

To punish bodies for the soul's offense.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ab"sti*nen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abstinence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abstinent</ets>, L. <ets>abstinens</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>abstinere</ets>. See <er>Abstain</er>.]</ety>

<def>Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence

of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Ab"sti*nent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

abstains.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect who

appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.</def>



<hw>Ab"sti*nent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

abstinence.</def>



<hw>Ab*stort"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[As if fr.

<ets>abstort</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs +

tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist.]</ety>

<def>Wrested away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrahere</ets> to draw

from, separate; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trahere</ets> to draw.

See <er>Trace</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Withdraw;

separate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The more <qex>abstract</qex> . . . we are from the body.</q>

<qau>Norris.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Considered apart from any application to a

particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind

only; <as>as, <ex>abstract</ex> truth, <ex>abstract</ex>

numbers</as>. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Expressing a

particular property of an object viewed apart from the other

properties which constitute it; -- opposed to

<ant>concrete</ant>; <as>as, honesty is an <ex>abstract</ex>

word</as>.</def> <au>J. S. Mill</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Resulting

from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to

particular; <as>as, \'bdreptile\'b8 is an <ex>abstract</ex> or

general name</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an

<qex>abstract</qex> name which stands for an attribute of a

thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if

not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of

applying the expression \'bd<qex>abstract</qex> name\'b8 to all

names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and

consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the

names of attributes.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Abstracted; absent in mind.</def>

\'bd<xex>Abstract</xex>, as in a trance.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>An abstract idea</col> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>, <cd>an idea

separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which

naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when

contemplated apart from its color or figure.</cd> --

<col>Abstract terms</col>, <cd>those which express abstract

ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any

object in which they exist; or <xex>abstract terms<xex> are the

names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a

combination of similar qualities.</cd> -- <col>Abstract

numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>numbers used without

application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any

thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Abstract</col> <or/ <col>Pure

mathematics</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab*stract"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abstracted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abstracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Abstract</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To withdraw; to separate; to take away.</def>



<q>He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution

<qex>abstracted</qex> from his own prejudices.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw off in respect to interest or attention;

<as>as, his was wholly <ex>abstracted</ex> by other

objects</as>.</def>



<q>The young stranger had been <qex>abstracted</qex> and

silent.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the

mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a

quality or attribute.</def>



<au>Whately.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To epitomize; to abridge.</def>



<au>Franklin.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin;

<as>as, to <ex>abstract</ex> goods from a parcel, or money from a

till</as>.</def>



<q>Von Rosen had quietly <qex>abstracted</qex> the bearing-reins

from the harness.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To separate, as the more

volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or

other chemical processes. In this sense <xex>extract</xex> is now

more generally used.</def>



<hw>Ab*stract"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To perform the process

of abstraction.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I own myself able to <qex>abstract</qex> in one sense.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>Ab"stract`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Abstract</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities

of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary

or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a

brief.</def>



<q>An <qex>abstract</qex> of every treatise he had read.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<q>Man, the <qex>abstract</qex>

Of all perfection, which the workmanship

Of Heaven hath modeled.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of separation from other things; <as>as,

to consider a subject in the <ex>abstract</ex>, or apart from

other associated things</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An abstract term.</def>



<q>The concretes \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have, or might

have, the <qex>abstracts</qex> \'bdpaternity\'b8 and

\'bdfiliety.\'b8</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A powdered solid extract of a

vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion

that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the

original substance.</def>



<cs><col>Abstract of title</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an epitome

of the evidences of ownership.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See

<er>Abridgment</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ab*stract"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.</def>



<q>The evil <qex>abstracted</qex> stood from his own evil.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abstract; abstruse; difficult.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in

mind.</def> \'bdAn <xex>abstracted</xex> scholar.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an abstracted

manner; separately; with absence of mind.</def>



<hw>Ab*stract"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

abstracted; abstract character.</def>



<hw>Ab*stract"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

abstracts, or makes an abstract.</def>



<hw>Ab*strac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abstraction</ets>. See <er>Abstract</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of abstracting,

separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn;

withdrawal.</def>



<q>A wrongful <qex>abstraction</qex> of wealth from certain

members of the community.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The act process of leaving

out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object

so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind

considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the

leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called

<xex>abstraction</xex>. So, also, when it considers

<xex>whiteness</xex>, <xex>softness</xex>, <xex>virtue</xex>,

<xex>existence</xex>, as separate from any particular

objects.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Abstraction</xex> is necessary to

classification, by which things are arranged in genera and

species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects,

which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in

each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a

class, or collected body.</note>



<q><qex>Abstraction</qex> is no positive act: it is simply the

negative of attention.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical

nature; <as>as, to fight for mere

<ex>abstractions</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A separation from worldly objects; a recluse

life; <as>as, a hermit's <ex>abstraction</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to

present objects.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The taking surreptitiously for one's own use

part of the property of another; purloining.</def>

<mark>[Modern]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A separation of volatile

parts by the act of distillation.</def>



<au>Nicholson.</au>



<hw>Ab*strac"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to abstraction.</def>



<hw>Ab*strac"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idealist.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Ab`strac*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Obtained from plants by distillation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Ab*strac"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abstractif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the power of

abstracting; of an abstracting nature.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>abstractive</xex> faculty.\'b8



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a abstract

manner; separately; in or by itself.</def>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Ab*strac"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being abstractive; abstractive property.</def>



<hw>Ab"stract`ly</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself;

<as>as, matter <ex>abstractly</ex> considered</as>.</def>



<hw>Ab"stract`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

abstract.</def> \'bdThe <xex>abstractness</xex> of the ideas.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ab*stringe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L

<ets>ab + stringere</ets>, <ets>strictum</ets>, to press

together.]</ety> <def>To unbind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ab*strude"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstrudere</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>To

thrust away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ab*struse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstrusus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>abstrudere</ets> to thrust

away, conceal; <ets>ab</ets>, <ets>abs + trudere</ets> to thrust;

cf. F. <ets>abstrus</ets>. See <er>Threat</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Concealed or hidden out of the way.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The eternal eye whose sight discerns

<qex>Abstrusest</qex> thoughts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Remote from apprehension; difficult to be

comprehended or understood; recondite; <as>as, <ex>abstruse</ex>

learning</as>.</def>



<q>Profound and <qex>abstruse</qex> topics.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Ab*struse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an abstruse

manner.</def>



<hw>Ab*struse"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ab*stru"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abstrusio</ets>. See <er>Abstruse</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of thrusting away.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ogilvie.</au>



<hw>Ab*stru"si*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ab*sume"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absumere</ets>, <ets>absumptum</ets>; <ets>ab + sumere</ets>

to take.]</ety> <def>To consume gradually; to waste away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ab*sump"tion</hw> <pr>(#; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absumptio</ets>. See <er>Absume</er>.]</ety> <def>Act of

wasting away; a consuming; extinction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>absurdus</ets> harsh-sounding; <ets>ab</ets> + (prob) a

derivative fr. a root <ets>svar</ets> to sound; not connected

with <ets>surd</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurde</ets>. See

<er>Syringe</er>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to reason or propriety;

obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with

the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory;

nonsensical; ridiculous; <as>as, an <ex>absurd</ex> person, an

<ex>absurd</ex> opinion; an <ex>absurd</ex> dream.</as></def>



<q>This proffer is <qex>absurd</qex> and reasonless.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>'This phrase <qex>absurd</qex> to call a villain great.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<qau>p. 9</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous;

inconsistent; incongruous.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Absurd</er>,

<er>Irrational</er>, <er>Foolish</er>, <er>Preposterous</er>. Of

these terms, <xex>irrational</xex> is the weakest, denoting that

which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason;

as, an <xex>irrational</xex> course of life. <xex>Foolish</xex>

rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or

an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, <xex>foolish</xex>

enterprises. <xex>Absurd</xex> rises still higher, denoting that

which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and

truth; as, an <xex>absurd</xex> man, project, opinion, story,

argument, etc. <xex>Preposterous</xex> rises still higher, and

supposes an absolute <xex>inversion</xex> in the order of things;

or, in plain terms, a \'bdputting of the cart before the

horse;\'b8 as, a <xex>preposterous</xex> suggestion,

<xex>preposterous</xex> conduct, a <xex>preposterous</xex>

regulation or law.</usage>



<hw>Ab*surd"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Ab*surd"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Absurdities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>absurditas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>absurdite</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with

obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>absurdity</xex> of the actual idea of an infinite

number.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is absurd; an absurd action; a

logical contradiction.</def>



<q>His travels were full of <qex>absurdities</qex>.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Ab*surd"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an absurd

manner.</def>



<hw>Ab*surd"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Absurdity.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A*bu"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Eth. and

Ar., our father.]</ety> <def>The Patriarch, or head of the

Abyssinian Church.</def>



<hw>A*bun"dance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

(<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abudaunce</ets>, <ets>abundance</ets>, F.

<ets>abundance</ets>, F. <ets>abondance</ets>, L.

<ets>abundantia</ets>, fr. <ets>abundare</ets>. See

<er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>An overflowing fullness; ample

sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply;

superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but

sometimes used of number.</def>



<q>It is lamentable to remember what <qex>abundance</qex> of

noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian

state.</q>

<qau>Raleigh.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness;

overflow; riches; affluence; wealth.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Abundance</er>, <er>Plenty</er>, <er>Exuberance</er>. These

words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness.

<xex>Plenty</xex> denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as,

<xex>plenty</xex> of food, <xex>plenty</xex> of money, etc.

<xex>Abundance</xex> express more, and gives the idea of

superfluity or excess; as, <xex>abundance</xex> of riches, an

<xex>abundance</xex> of wit and humor; often, however, it only

denotes plenty in a high degree. <xex>Exuberance</xex> rises

still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side,

producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an

<xex>exuberance</xex> of mirth, an <xex>exuberance</xex> of

animal spirits, etc.</usage>



<hw>A*bun"dant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

(<ets>h</ets>)<ets>abundant</ets>, <ets>aboundant</ets>, F.

<ets>abondant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abudans</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>abundare</ets>. See <er>Abound</er>.]</ety> <def>Fully

sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by

<xex>in</xex>, rarely by <xex>with</xex>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Abundant</xex> in goodness and truth.\'b8



<au>Exod. xxxiv. 6.</au>



<cs><col>Abundant number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a number,

the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus,

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This

is opposed to a <xex>deficient<xex> number, as 14, whose aliquot

parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a

<xex>perfect<xex> number, which is equal to the sum of its

aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;

overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See

<er>Ample</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*bun"dant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a sufficient

degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.</def>



<hw>A*burst"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>burst</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a bursting

condition.</def>



<hw>A*bus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may be

abused.</def>



<hw>A*bus"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abuse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Whately (1634).</au>



<hw>A*buse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abused</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Abusing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>abuser</ets>; L. <ets>abusus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>abuti</ets> to abuse, misuse; <ets>ab + uti</ets> to use.

See <er>Use</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put to a wrong use;

to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong

purpose or end; to pervert; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex> inherited

gold</as>; to make an excessive use of; <as>as, to <ex>abuse</ex>

one's authority</as>.</def>



<q>This principle (if one may so <qex>abuse</qex> the word)

shoots rapidly into popularity.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to;

to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; <as>as, to

<ex>abuse</ex> prisoners, to <ex>abuse</ex> one's powers, one's

patience</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To revile; to reproach coarsely; to

disparage.</def>



<q>The . . . tellers of news <qex>abused</qex> the general.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dishonor.</def> \'bdShall flight

<xex>abuse</xex> your name?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To violate; to ravish.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To deceive; to impose on.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and

<qex>abused</qex> by a double object.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify;

vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.</syn>



<hw>A*buse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>abus</ets>, L. <ets>abusus</ets>, fr. <ets>abuti</ets>. See

<er>Abuse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Improper

treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse;

<as>as, an <ex>abuse of our natural powers</ex>; <ex>an

abuse</ex> of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an

<ex>abuse</ex> of language.</as></def>



<q>Liberty may be endangered by the <qex>abuses</qex> of liberty,

as well as by the <qex>abuses</qex> of power.</q>

<qau>Madison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Physical ill treatment; injury.</def>

\'bdRejoice . . . at the <xex>abuse</xex> of Falstaff.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime;

fault; <as>as, the <ex>abuses</ex> in the civil

service</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Abuse</qex> after disappeared without a struggle..</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech;

abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.</def>



<q>The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of

<qex>abuse</qex>, came to blows.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Violation; rape; <as>as, <ex>abuse</ex> of a

female child</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Or is it some <qex>abuse</qex>, and no such thing?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Abuse of distress</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a wrongful

using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the

distrainer.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult;

opprobrium.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Abuse</er>, <er>Invective</er>.

<xex>Abuse</xex> is generally prompted by anger, and vented in

harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than

<xex>invective</xex>. <xex>Abuse</xex> generally takes place in

private quarrels; <xex>invective</xex> in writing or public

discussions. <xex>Invective</xex> may be conveyed in refined

language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.



<au>C. J. Smith.</au>

</usage>



<hw>A*buse"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

abuse; abusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Abuseful</xex>

names.\'b8



<au>Bp. Barlow.</au>



<hw>A*bus"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who abuses

[in the various senses of the verb].</def>



<hw>A*bu"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>abusion</ets>, <ets>abusioun</ets>, OF. <ets>abusion</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>abusio</ets> misuse of words, f. <ets>abuti</ets>.

See <er>Abuse</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Evil or corrupt

usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*bu"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>abusif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>abusivus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.</def>



<q>I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly,

according to the <qex>abusive</qex> acceptation thereof.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>abusive</xex> prerogatives of

his see.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse,

insulting words or by other ill usage; <as>as, an

<ex>abusive</ex> author; an <ex>abusive</ex> fellow.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument

of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous.</def> \'bdAn

<xex>abusive</xex> lampoon.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAn <xex>abusive</xex> treaty.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent;

insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.</syn>



<hw>A*bu"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an abusive manner;

rudely; with abusive language.</def>



<hw>A*bu"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.</def>



<q>Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,

Profaneness, filthiness, <qex>abusiveness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>A*but"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Abutted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Abutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abouter</ets>, <ets>aboter</ets>; cf. F. <ets>aboutir</ets>,

and also <ets>abuter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF.

<ets>boter</ets>, <ets>buter</ets>, to push: cf. F.

<ets>bout</ets> end, and <ets>but</ets> end, purpose.]</ety>

<def>To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to

meet; -- with <xex>on</xex>, <xex>upon</xex>, or

<xex>against</xex>; <as>as, his land <ex>abuts</ex> on the

road</as>.</def>



<hw>A*bu"ti*lon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid

and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also

<altname>Indian mallow</altname>.</def>



<hw>A*but"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>State of abutting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That on or against which a body abuts or

presses</def>; as <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The solid

part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or

lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut</def>.

<au>Gwilt</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(mech.)</fld> <def>A fixed

point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained,

as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever,

etc.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>In breech-loading firearms, the

block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to

recoil.</def>



<hw>A*but"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The butting

or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>A*but"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous

estate; <as>as, the <ex>abutters</ex> on a street or a

river</as>.</def>



<hw>A*buzz"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>buzz</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a buzz;

buzzing.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*by"</hw>, <hw>A*bye"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Abought</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'bebycgan</ets> to pay for; pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf.

Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning

<ets>out</ets>) + <ets>bycgan</ets> to buy. See <er>Buy</er>, and

cf. <er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pay for; to suffer

for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give

satisfaction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lest to thy peril thou <qex>aby</qex> it dear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To endure; to abide.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But nought that wanteth rest can long <qex>aby</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*bysm"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>abisme</ets>; F. <ets>abime</ets>, LL. <ets>abyssimus</ets>,

a superl. of L. <ets>abyssus</ets>; Gr. <?/. See

<er>Abyss</er>.]</ety> <def>An abyss; a gulf.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>abysm</xex> of hell.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*bys"mal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;

profound.</def>



<q>Geology gives one the same <qex>abysmal</qex> extent of time

that astronomy does of space.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>A*bys"mal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To a fathomless

depth; profoundly.</def> \'bd<xex>Abysmally</xex> ignorant.\'b8



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>A*byss"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>abyssus</ets> a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. <?/ bottomless; <?/

priv. + <?/ depth, bottom.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bottomless

or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep,

immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless

pit.</def>



<q>Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost <qex>abyss</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The throne is darkness, in the <qex>abyss</qex> of light.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral

depth.</def>



<q>The <qex>abysses</qex> of metaphysical theology.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>In unfathomable <qex>abysses</qex> of disgrace.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The center of an

escutcheon.</def>



<note><hand/ This word, in its leading uses, is associated with

the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a

supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung,

and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were

punished.</note>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>A*byss"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Abysmal</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, an

abyss; unfathomable.</def>



<cs><col>Abyssal zone</col> <fld>(Phys. Geog.)</fld>, <cd>one of

the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of

the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one

furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms

deep. Hence, <xex>abyssal<xex> animals, plants, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Abyssinia.</def>



<cs><col>Abyssinian gold</col>, <cd>an alloy of 90.74 parts of

copper and 8.33 parts of zink.</cd></cs>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ab`ys*sin"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native

of Abyssinia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of the Abyssinian Church.</def>



<hw>A*ca"ci*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne

by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is

represented on medals.</def>



<hw>A*ca"cia</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Acacias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Acaci\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. from Gr. <?/; orig. the name of a

thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to

be sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A genus of

leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or

Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks,

instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of

America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate

climates.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated juice of

several species of acacia; -- called also <altname>gum

acacia</altname>, and <altname>gum arabic</altname>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ac"a*cin</hw>, <hw>Ac"a*cine</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> Gum arabic.</def>



<hw>Ac`a*deme"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>academia</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <def>An

academy.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Academic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac`a*de"mi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member

of an academy, university, or college.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>academicus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acad\'82migue</ets>. See

<er>Academy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Belonging to the school

or philosophy of Plato; <as>as, the <ex>Academic</ex> sect or

philosophy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to an academy or other higher

institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in

distinction from scientific.</def>  \'bd<xex>Academic</xex>

courses.\'b8 <au>Warburton</au>. \'bd<xex>Academical</xex>

study.\'b8 <au>Berkeley</au>.



<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One holding

the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.</def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of an academy, college, or university;

an academician.</def>



<hw>Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an academical

manner.</def>



<hw>Ac`a*dem"ic*als</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The

articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and

universities.</def>



<hw>Ac`a*de*mi"cian</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>acad\'82micien</ets>. See <er>Academy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A member of an academy, or society for promoting

science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the

Royal Academy of arts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collegian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Ac`a*dem"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A tenet of the Academic philosophy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mannerism or mode peculiar to an

academy.</def>



<hw>A*cad"e*mism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrines of the Academic philosophy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>A*cad"e*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>academiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An Academic

philosopher.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An academician.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>A*cad"e*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Academies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>acad\'82mie</ets>, L. <ets>academia</ets>. Cf.

<er>Academe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A garden or grove near

Athens (so named from the hero <xex>Academus</xex>), where Plato

and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence,

the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An institution for the study of higher learning;

a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of

learning, holding a rank between a college and a common

school.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place of training; a school.</def>

\'bd<xex>Academies</xex> of fanaticism.\'b8



<au>Hume.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A society of learned men united for the

advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some

particular art or science; <as>as, the French <ex>Academy</ex>;

the American <ex>Academy</ex> of Arts and Sciences;

<ex>academies</ex> of literature and philology.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A school or place of training in which some

special art is taught; <as>as, the military <ex>academy</ex> at

West Point; a riding <ex>academy</ex>; the <ex>Academy</ex> of

Music.</as></def>



<cs><col>Academy figure</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a drawing

usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude

model.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*ca"di*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.</def>

\'bd<xex>Acadian</xex> farmers.\'b8 <au>Longfellow</au>.  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Acadie.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Acadian epoch</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>an epoch at

the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the

oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See

<er>Geology</er>.</cd> -- <col>Acadian owl</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small North American owl

<spn>(Nyctule Acadica)</spn>; the saw-whet.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ac"a*jou</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Cashew</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

cashew tree; also, its fruit. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def> 

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mahogany tree; also, its timber.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac"a*leph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac`a*le"phan</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Acalephs</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <plw>Acalephans</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Acaleph\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the Acaleph\'91.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`a*le"ph\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, a nettle.]</ety> <def>A group of

C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and

hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess.

Sometimes called <altname>sea nettles</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ac`ale"phoid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acaleph</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to or resembling the

Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.</def>



<mhw><hw>A*cal"y*cine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ac`a*lys`i*nous</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ calyx.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.</def>



<hw>A*canth"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acanthus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*can"tha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

thorn, fr. <?/ point. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A prickle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spine or prickly

fin.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The vertebral column; the

spinous process of a vertebra.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ac"an*tha"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Armed with prickles, as a plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the

type.</def>



<-- p. 10 -->



<hw>A*can"thine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acanthinus</ets>, Gr. <?/, thorny, fr. <?/. See

<er>Acanthus</er>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling,

the plant acanthus.</def>



<hw>A*can`tho*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ thorn + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the

fruit covered with spines.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*can`tho*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a spine, thorn + <?/ head.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of intestinal worms, having

the proboscis armed with recurved spines.</def>



<hw>A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a spiny head, as one of the

Acanthocephala.</def>



<hw>Ac`an*thoph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ spine + <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<def>Spine-bearing.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*can`tho*po"di*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having spinous petioles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`an*thop"ter*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ wing, fin.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes having

spiny fins. See <er>Acanthopterygii</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`an*thop"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ spine + <?/ wing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Spiny-winged.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acanthopterygious.</def>



<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the order of fishes

having spinose fins, as the perch.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A spiny-finned fish.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ thorn + <?/ fin, dim. fr. <?/

wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of fishes having

some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins

unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.</def>



<hw>Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having fins in which the rays are hard

and spinelike; spiny-finned.</def>



<hw>A*can"thus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Acanthuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>, L. <plw>Acanthi</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., from Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Acantha</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of herbaceous prickly

plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India;

bear's-breech.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling the

foliage or leaves of the acanthus <spn>(Acanthus spinosus)</spn>;

-- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite

orders.</def>



<hw>\'d8A cap*pel"la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[It. See

<er>Chapel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In

church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old

church style, without instrumental accompaniment; <as>as, a mass

<ex>a capella</ex>, i. e., a mass purely vocal</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A time indication, equivalent to <xex>alla

breve</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*cap"su*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>capsular</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having no capsule.</def>



<hw>A*car"di*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ heart.]</ety> <def>Without a heart; <as>as, an

<ex>acardiac</ex> fetus</as>.</def>



<hw>A*car"i*dan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Acarus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group

of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`a*ri"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a mite.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks.

Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and

mange.</def>



<hw>Ac"a*rine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Of or caused by <xex>acari</xex> or mites; <as>as,

<ex>acarine</ex> diseases</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"a*roid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

<ets>acarus</ets> a mite + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like or resembling a

mite.</def>



<hw>Ac`ar*pel"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>carpel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having no carpels.</def>



<hw>A*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not

producing fruit; unfruitful.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac"a*rus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acari</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ the

cheese mite, tick.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

including many species of small mites.</def>



<hw>A*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acatalecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, not defective at the end; <?/

priv. + <?/ to cease.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Not

defective; complete; <as>as, an <ex>acatalectic</ex>

verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A verse which has

the complete number of feet and syllables.</def></def2>



<hw>A*cat"a*lep`sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to seize, comprehend.]</ety>

<def>Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the

ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts

to certainty, but only to probability.</def>



<hw>A*cat`a*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Incapable of being comprehended;

incomprehensible.</def>



<hw>A*ca"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Caterer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cates"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cau"date</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tailless.</def>



<hw>Ac`au*les"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>caulescent</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having no stem or caulis, or only a very

short one concealed in the ground.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*cau"line</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> not + <ets>cauline</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*cau"lose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*cau"lous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. +

<?/ stalk or L. <ets>caulis</ets> stalk. See

<er>Cole</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Acaulescent</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac*ca"di*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From the

city <ets>Accad</ets>. See Gen. x. 10.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian

conquest.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ac*ca"di*an</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>, Ac"cad

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Sayce.</au>



<hw>Ac*cede"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acceded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Acceding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>accedere</ets> to approach, accede; <ets>ad + cedere</ets>

to move, yield: cf. F. <ets>acc</ets>\'82<ets>dere</ets>. See

<er>Cede</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to

<xex>recede</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Gale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter upon an office or dignity; to

attain.</def>



<q>Edward IV., who had <qex>acceded</qex> to the throne in the

year 1461.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<q>If Frederick had <qex>acceded to the supreme power</qex>.</q>

<qau>Morley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become a party by associating one's self with

others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a

proposal or a view; <as>as, he <ex>acceded</ex> to my

request</as>.</def>



<q>The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch

afterwards <qex>acceded</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce;

concur.</syn>



<hw>Ac*ced"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

acceding.</def>



<hw>Ac*ced"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

accedes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cel`er*an"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Gradually accelerating

the movement.</def>



<hw>Ac*cel"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accelerated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accelerating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>acceleratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accelerare</ets>; <ets>ad +

celerare</ets> to hasten; <ets>celer</ets> quick. See

<er>Celerity</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to move

faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; --

opposed to <xex>retard</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To quicken the natural or ordinary progression

or process of; <as>as, to <ex>accelerate</ex> the growth of a

plant, the increase of wealth, etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hasten, as the occurence of an event; <as>as,

to <ex>accelerate</ex> our departure</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Accelerated motion</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>motion

with a continually increasing velocity.</cd> -- <col>Accelerating

force</col>, <cd>the force which causes accelerated

motion.</cd></cs>



<qau>Nichol.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward;

advance; further.</syn>



<hw>Ac*cel`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acceleratio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>acc\'82l\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of

motion or action; <as>as, a falling body moves toward the earth

with an <ex>acceleration</ex> of velocity</as>; -- opposed to

<contr>retardation</contr>.</def>



<q>A period of social improvement, or of intellectual

advancement, contains within itself a principle of

<qex>acceleration</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><fld>(Astr. & Physics.)</fld> <col>Acceleration of the

moon</col>, <cd>the increase of the moon's mean motion in its

orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now

shorter than in ancient times.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Acceleration</col> and <col>retardation of the

tides</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Priming of the tides</cref>,

under <er>Priming</er>.</cd> -- <col>Diurnal acceleration of the

fixed stars</col>, <cd>the amount by which their apparent diurnal

motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they

daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes

fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day

preceding.</cd> -- <col>Acceleration of the planets</col>,

<cd>the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from

the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity;

quickening.</def>



<au>Reid.</au>



<hw>Ac*cel"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an <xex>adj</xex>.;

<as>as, <ex>accelerator</ex> nerves</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Accelerative.</def>



<hw>Ac*cel"er*o*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for studying the combustion

of powder in guns, etc.</def>



<hw>Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acceler</ets>ate + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.</def>



<hw>Ac*cend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accendere</ets>, <ets>accensum</ets>, to kindle; <ets>ad +

cand\'cbre</ets> to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to

<ets>cand\'c7re</ets> to be white, to gleam. See

<er>Candle</er>.]</ety> <def>To set on fire; to kindle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed;

inflammability.</def>



<hw>Ac*cend"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ac*cen"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ac*cen"sor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., from

p. p. <ets>accensus</ets>. See <er>Accend</er>.]</ety> <fld>(R.

C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One of the functionaries who light and trim

the tapers.</def>



<hw>Ac"cent`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accent</ets>, L. <ets>accentus</ets>; <ets>ad + cantus</ets>

a singing, <ets>canere</ets> to sing. See <er>Cant</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A superior force of voice or of articulative

effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase,

distinguishing it from the others.</def>



<note><hand/ Many English words have two accents, the

<xex>primary</xex> and the <xex>secondary</xex>; the primary

being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary;

as in <xex>as</xex>\'b7<xex>pira</xex>\'b6<xex>tion</xex>, where

the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress

on the first. Some words, as

<xex>an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic</xex>,

<xex>in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty</xex>, have two

secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mark or character used in writing, and serving

to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> a mark to

indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; <sd>(b)</sd>

a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked;

<as>as, the French <ex>accents</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ In the ancient Greek the <xex>acute accent</xex>

(\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the <xex>grave</xex>

(<xex>`</xex>), the level tone or simply the negation of accent,

the <xex>circumflex</xex> ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then

depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to

denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the

falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving

inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the

acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the

chief stress of voice.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of

speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification

of the voice; tone; <as>as, a foreign <ex>accent</ex>; a French

or a German <ex>accent</ex>.</as></def>   \'bdBeguiled you in a

plain <xex>accent</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bdA perfect

<xex>accent</xex>.\'b8 <au>Thackeray</au>.



<q>The tender <qex>accent</qex> of a woman's cry.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A word; a significant tone; <plu>(pl.)</plu>

expressions in general; speech.</def>



<q>Winds! on your wings to Heaven her <qex>accents</qex> bear,

Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Stress laid on certain

syllables of a verse.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A regularly

recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more

feebly, the third part of the measure.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the

measure.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The <xex>rythmical accent</xex>,

which marks phrases and sections of a period.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>The <xex>expressive</xex> emphasis and shading of a

passage.</def>



<au>J. S. Dwight.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mark placed at

the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish

magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but

differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Trigon.)</fld> <def>A mark at the right hand of a number,

indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; <as>as,

12\'b727\'b7\'b7, <it>i. e.</it>, twelve minutes twenty seven

seconds.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def><fld>(Engin.)</fld> A mark used

to denote feet and inches; <as>as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet

ten inches</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cent"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>accenter</ets>, F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To express the accent of (either by the voice or

by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark emphatically; to emphasize.</def>



<hw>Ac"cent`less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

accent.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>cantor</ets> singer, <ets>canere</ets> to

sing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One who sings the

leading part; the director or leader.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of European birds

(so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler.

In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen"tu*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being accented.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being accentual.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen"tu*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

accentual manner; in accordance with accent.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen"tu*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accentuated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accentuating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>accentuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accentuare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>accentus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuer</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pronounce with an accent or with

accents.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to

emphasize.</def>



<q>In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more

<qex>accentuated</qex>.</q>

<qau>London Times.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mark with the written accent.</def>



<hw>Ac*cen`tu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>accentuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accentuation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Act of accentuating; applications of accent</def>.

Specifically <fld>(Eccles. Mus.)</fld>, <def>pitch or modulation

of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accepted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accepting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>accepter</ets>, L. <ets>acceptare</ets>, freq. of

<ets>accipere</ets>; <ets>ad + capere</ets> to take; akin to E.

<ets>heave</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To receive with a consenting mind (something

offered); <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a gift</as>; -- often

followed by <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>If you <qex>accept</qex> them, then their worth is great.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>To <qex>accept</qex> of ransom for my son.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>She <qex>accepted</qex> of a treat.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To receive with favor; to approve.</def>



<q>The Lord <qex>accept</qex> thy burnt sacrifice.</q>



<au>Ps. xx. 3.</au>



<q>Peradventure he will <qex>accept</qex> of me.</q>



<au>Gen. xxxii. 20.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to;

<as>as, I <ex>accept</ex> your proposal, amendment, or

excuse</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are

these words to be <xex>accepted</xex>?</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To receive as obligatory and

promise to pay; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> a bill of

exchange</as>.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance

of a duty imposed; <as>as, to <ex>accept</ex> the report of a

committee</as>. [This makes it the property of the body, and the

question is then on its adoption.]</def>



<cs><col>To accept a bill</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree

(on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due.</cd> -- <col>To

accept service</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to agree that a writ

or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has

not been.</cd> -- <col>To accept the person</col>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>to show favoritism. \'bdGod

<xex>accepteth<xex> no man's <xex>person<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Gal. ii. 6.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See <er>Receive</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ac*cept"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accepted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>acceptabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

acceptable; acceptableness.</def> \'bd<xex>Acceptability</xex> of

repentance.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acceptable</ets>, L. <ets>acceptabilis</ets>, fr.

<ets>acceptare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable, worthy, or sure of

being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver;

gratifying; agreeable; welcome; <as>as, an <ex>acceptable</ex>

present, one <ex>acceptable</ex> to us</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"a*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably

received; acceptability.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an acceptable

manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with

approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable

reception; approval; <as>as, the <ex>acceptance</ex> of a gift,

office, doctrine, etc.</as></def>



<q>They shall come up with <qex>acceptance</qex> on mine

altar.</q>

<qau>Isa. lx. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>State of being accepted; acceptableness.</def>

\'bdMakes it assured of <xex>acceptance</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An assent and

engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to

pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The bill itself when accepted.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a

bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or

taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as

that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as

owner.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreeing to the action of

another, by some act which binds the person in law.</def>



<note><hand/ What acts shall amount to such an

<xex>acceptance</xex> is often a question of great nicety and

difficulty.



<au>Mozley & W.</au>

</note>



<-- p. 11  -->



<note><hand/ In modern law, <xex>proposal</xex> and

<xex>acceptance</xex> are the constituent elements into which all

contracts are resolved.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Acceptance of a bill of exchange</col>,

<col>check</col>, <col>draft</col>, <or/ <col>order</col></mcol>,

<cd>is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This

engagement is usually made by writing the word \'bdaccepted\'b8

across the face of the bill.</cd>  <col>Acceptance of

goods</col>, <cd>under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent

acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the

transaction.</cd></cs>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Meaning; acceptation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Acceptance of persons</col>, <cd>partiality, favoritism.

See under <er>Accept</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*cept"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Acceptance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Here's a proof of gift,

But here's no proof, sir, of <qex>acceptancy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accepting;

receiving.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An accepter.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Ac`cep*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state

of being acceptable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This is saying worthy of all <qex>acceptation</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. i. 15.</qau>



<q>Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and

<qex>acceptation</qex> with God.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The meaning in which a word or expression is

understood, or generally received; <as>as, term is to be used

according to its usual <ex>acceptation</ex></as>.</def>



<q>My words, in common <qex>acceptation</qex>,

Could never give this provocation.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cept"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

accepted manner; admittedly.</def>



<hw>Ac*cept"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A person who accepts; a taker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A respecter; a viewer with partiality.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God is no <qex>accepter</qex> of persons.</q>

<qau>Chillingworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An acceptor.</def>



<hw>Ac*cep`ti*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acceptilatio</ets> entry of a debt collected, acquittance,

fr. p. p. of <ets>accipere</ets> (cf. <er>Accept</er>) + 

<ets>latio</ets> a carrying, fr. <ets>latus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>ferre</ets> to carry: cf. F.

<ets>acceptilation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld>

<def>Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation

without payment; free remission.</def>



<hw>Ac*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acceptio</ets> a receiving, accepting: cf. F.

<ets>acception</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acceptation; the received

meaning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here the word \'bdbaron\'b8 is not to be taken in that

restrictive sense to which the modern <qex>acception</qex> hath

confined it.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Acception of persons</col> or

<col>faces</col></mcol> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>favoritism;

partiality. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Ac*cept"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Fit for acceptance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready to accept.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ac*cept"or</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who accepts</def>; specifically

<fld>(Law & Com.)</fld>, <def>one who accepts an order or a bill

of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.</def>



<hw>Ac*cess"</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acc\'8as</ets>, L. <ets>accessus</ets>, fr.

<ets>accedere</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission;

accessibility; <as>as, to gain <ex>access</ex> to a

prince</as>.</def>



<q>I did repel his letters, and denied

His <qex>access</qex> to me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The means, place, or way by which a thing may be

approached; passage way; <as>as, the <ex>access</ex> is by a neck

of land</as>.</def> \'bdAll <xex>access</xex> was thronged.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Admission to sexual intercourse.</def>



<q>During coverture, <qex>access</qex> of the husband shall be

presumed, unless the contrary be shown.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Increase by something added; addition; <as>as,

an <ex>access</ex> of territory</as>. [In this sense

<xex>accession</xex> is more generally used.]</def>



<q>I, from the influence of thy looks, receive

<qex>Access</qex> in every virtue.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An onset, attack, or fit of disease.</def>



<q>The first <qex>access</qex> looked like an apoplexy.</q>

<qau>Burnet.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst;

<as>as, an access of fury</as>.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>



<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the manner of an accessary.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

accessary.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp.,

uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor.

See <er>Accessory</er>.</def>



<q>To both their deaths thou shalt be <qex>accessary</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Amongst many secondary and <qex>accessary</qex> causes that

support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ac*ces"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Accessaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Accessory</er> and LL. <ets>accessarius</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who, not being present, contributes as

an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.</def>



<cs><col>Accessary before the fact</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at

its commission.</cd> -- <col>Accessary after the fact</col>,

<cd>one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender,

not being present at the commission of the offense.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ This word, as used in law, is spelt

<xex>accessory</xex> by Blackstone and many others; but in this

sense is spelt <xex>accessary</xex> by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns,

Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it

is spelt <xex>accessory</xex>. In recent text-books on criminal

law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either

<xex>accessary</xex> or <xex>accessory</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accessibilitas</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>accessibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.</def>



<au>Langhorne.</au>



<hw>Ac*cess"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accessibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>accessible</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Easy of access or approach; approachable; <as>as, an

<ex>accessible</ex> town or mountain, an <ex>accessible</ex>

person</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Open to the influence of; -- with

<xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdMinds <xex>accessible</xex> to

reason.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Obtainable; to be got at.</def>



<q>The best information . . . at present

<qex>accessible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cess"i*bly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

accessible manner.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accessio</ets>, fr. <ets>accedere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>accession</ets>. See <er>Accede</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined;

<as>as, a king's <ex>accession</ex> to a confederacy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Increase by something added; that which is

added; augmentation from without; <as>as, an <ex>accession</ex>

of wealth or territory</as>.</def>



<q>The only <qex>accession</qex> which the Roman empire received

was the province of Britain.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mode of

acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance

which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to

the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing

is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a

cow becomes the owner of her calf.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in

force between other powers.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an

office, or dignity; <as>as, the <ex>accession</ex> of the house

of Stuart</as>; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new

dynasty.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The invasion, approach, or

commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.</syn>



<hw>Ac*ces"sion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to accession; additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ac*ces"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Additional.</def>



<hw>Ac`ces*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an accessory; <as>as, <ex>accessorial</ex> agency,

<ex>accessorial</ex> guilt</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"so*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

accessory, or connected subordinately.</def>



<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accessorius</ets>. See <er>Access</er>, and cf.

<er>Accessary</er>.]</ety> <def>Accompanying as a subordinate;

aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident

or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said

of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad

sense; <as>as, he was <ex>accessory</ex> to the riot;

<ex>accessory</ex> sounds in music.</as></def>



<note><hand/ Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only

more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of

pronunciation. Most orho\'89pists place the accent on the

<xex>first</xex> syllable.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary;

subservient; additional; acceding.</syn>



<hw>Ac*ces"so*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Accessories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something

additional and subordinate.</def> \'bdThe aspect and

<xex>accessories</xex> of a den of banditti.\'b8



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Accessary</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Anything that enters into

a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere

ornamental parts.</def>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See

<er>Abettor</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., from <ets>acciaccare</ets> to crush.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short grace note, one semitone below the

note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music.

Now used as equivalent to the short

<xex>appoggiatura</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac"ci*dence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of Eng. <ets>accidents</ets>, pl. of

<ets>accident</ets>. See <er>Accident</er>, 2.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of

grammar.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The rudiments of any subject.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>Ac"ci*dent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accident</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accidens</ets>,

<ets>-dentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accidere</ets> to happen;

<ets>ad + cadere</ets> to fall. See <er>Cadence</er>,

<er>Case</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Literally, a befalling; an

event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an

undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency;

often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive

or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; <as>as, to die by

an <ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Of moving <qex>accidents</qex> by flood and field.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thou cam'st not to thy place by <qex>accident</qex>:

It is the very place God meant for thee.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A property attached to a

word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A point or mark which may be

retained or omitted in a coat of arms.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Log.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A property or

quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as

<xex>whiteness</xex> in paper; an attribute.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as

<xex>sweetness</xex>, <xex>softness</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an

accidental or nonessential; <as>as, beauty is an

<ex>accident</ex></as>.</def>



<q>This <qex>accident</qex>, as I call it, of Athens being

situated some miles from the sea.</q>

<qau>J. P. Mahaffy.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Unusual appearance or effect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Accident</xex>, in <xex>Law</xex>, is

equivalent to <xex>casus</xex>, or such unforeseen,

extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of

ordinary calculation.</note>



<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>accidentel</ets>, earlier <ets>accidental</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking

place not according to the usual course of things; casual;

fortuitous; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> visit</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Nonessential; not necessary belonging;

incidental; <as>as, are <ex>accidental</ex> to a play</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Accidental chords</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>those

which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper

harmony.</cd> -- <col>Accidental colors</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>,

<cd>colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the

eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective

sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of

actually colored bodies.</cd> -- <col>Accidental point</col>

<fld>(Persp.)</fld>, <cd>the point in which a right line, drawn

from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the

perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal

point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye

perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane.</cd> --

<col>Accidental lights</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>secondary

lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as

the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the

leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning

bodies.</cd></cs>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional;

adventitious.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Accidental</er>,

<er>Incidental</er>, <er>Casual</er>, <er>Fortuitous</er>,

<er>Contingent</er>. We speak of a thing as <xex>accidental</xex>

when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of

things; <as>as, an <ex>accidental</ex> meeting, an

<ex>accidental</ex> advantage, etc.</as>  We call a thing

<xex>incidental</xex> when it falls, as it were, <xex>into</xex>

some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no

essential part thereof; <as>as, an <ex>incremental</ex> remark,

an <ex>incidental</ex> evil, an <ex>incidental</ex> benefit</as>.

We speak of a thing as <xex>casual</xex>, when it falls out or

happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or

premeditated; <as>as, a <ex>casual</ex> remark or encounter; a

<xex>casual</xex> observer</as>. An idea of the unimportant is

attached to what is <xex>casual</xex>. <xex>Fortuitous</xex> is

applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition

to what has been foreseen; <as>as, a <ex>fortuitous</ex>

concourse of atoms</as>. We call a thing <xex>contingent</xex>

when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not

happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else;

<as>as, the time of my coming will be <ex>contingent</ex> on

intelligence yet to be received</as>.</usage>



<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything

happening accidentally.</def>



<q>He conceived it just that <qex>accidentals</qex> . . . should

sink with the substance of the accusation.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Those

fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain

objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and

other parts are cast into a deep shadow.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A sharp, flat, or natural,

occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the

signature, but before a particular note.</def>



<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accidental character or effect.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being accidental; accidentalness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally;

casually; fortuitously; not essentially.</def>



<hw>Ac`ci*den"tal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being accidental; casualness.</def>



<hw>Ac"ci*die</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>accide</ets>, <ets>accidie</ets>, LL. <ets>accidia</ets>,

<ets>acedia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ care.]</ety>

<def>Sloth; torpor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe sin of

<xex>accidie</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ac`ci*pen"ser</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Acipenser</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cip"i*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accipiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accipere</ets>. See

<er>Accept</er>.]</ety> <def>A receiver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cip"i*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

E. <plw>Accipiters</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. L. <plw>Accipitres</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., hawk.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of rapacious birds; one of the

Accipitres or Raptores.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A bandage applied over the

nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.</def>



<hw>Ac*cip"i*tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk;

hawklike.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cip"i*tres</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., hawks.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order that

includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp,

strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by

the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.</def>



<hw>Ac*cip"i*trine</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>accipitrin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial;

hawklike.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cis"mus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Affected refusal;

coyness.</def>



<hw>Ac*cite"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accire</ets>,

<ets>accere</ets>, to call for; <ets>ad + ciere</ets> to move,

call. See <er>Cite</er>.]</ety> <def>To cite; to summon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Our heralds now <qex>accited</qex> all that were

Endamaged by the Elians.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Ac*claim"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acclamare</ets>; <ets>ad + clamare</ets> to cry out. See

<er>Claim</er>, <er>Clamor</er>.]</ety> <mark>[R.]</mark>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To applaud.</def> \'bdA glad

<xex>acclaiming</xex> train.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To declare by acclamations.</def>



<q>While the shouting crowd

<qex>Acclaims</qex> thee king of traitors.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To shout; <as>as, to <ex>acclaim</ex> my

joy</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shout

applause.</def>



<hw>Ac*claim"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acclamation.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*claim"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

acclaims.</def>



<hw>Ac`cla*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acclamatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acclamation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager

expression of approval; loud applause.</def>



<q>On such a day, a holiday having been voted by

<qex>acclamation</qex>, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the

children.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A representation, in

sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.</def>



<cs><col>Acclamation medals</col> <cd>are those on which

laudatory acclamations are recorded.</cd>



<au>Elmes.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Ac*clam"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being acclimated.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>acclimation</ets>. See <er>Acclimate</er>.]</ety>

<def>Acclimatization.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli"mate</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acclimated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Acclimating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>acclimater</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>climat</ets> climate. See <er>Climate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.</def>



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<hw>Ac*cli"mate*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Acclimation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac`cli*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or

habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being acclimatized.</def>



<-- p. 12 -->



<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new

climate, or the state of being so inured.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Ac*cli"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acclimatized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acclimatizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To inure or habituate to a

climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the

peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the

inferior animals, or plants.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli"ma*ture</hw> <pr>(#; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Caldwell.</au>



<hw>Ac*clive"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Acclivous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cliff"i*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Acclivous.</def>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ac*cliv"i*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acclivities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. 

<ets>acclivitas</ets>, fr. <ets>acclivis</ets>,

<ets>acclivus</ets>, ascending; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>clivus</ets>

a hill, slope, fr. root <ets>kli</ets> to lean. See

<er>Lean</er>.]</ety> <def>A slope or inclination of the earth,

as the side of a hill, considered as <xex>ascending</xex>, in

opposition to <xex>declivity</xex>, or <xex>descending</xex>; an

upward slope; ascent.</def>



<hw>Ac*cli"vous</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acclivis</ets> and <ets>acclivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sloping

upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to

<xex>declivous</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cloy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>encloyer</ets>, <ets>encloer</ets>, F. <ets>enclouer</ets>,

to drive in a nail, fr. L. <ets>in + clavus</ets> nail.]</ety>

<def>To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to

burden. See <er>Cloy</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ac*coast"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Accost</er>, <er>Coast</er>.]</ety> <def>To lie or sail along

the coast or side of; to accost.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Whether high towering or <qex>accosting</qex> low.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ac*coil"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acoillir</ets> to receive, F. <ets>accueillir</ets>; L.

<ets>ad + colligere</ets> to collect. See <er>Coil</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To gather together; to collect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To coil together.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Ac`co*lade"</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accolade</ets>, It. <ets>accolata</ets>, fr.

<ets>accollare</ets> to embrace; L. <ets>ad + collum</ets>

neck.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ceremony formerly used in

conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow

on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A brace used to join two or

more staves.</def>



<hw>Ac*com*bi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>combination</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

combining together.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*da*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>accommodable</ets>.]</ety> <def>That may be accommodated,

fitted, or made to agree.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*dable*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

condition of being accommodable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accommodated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accommodating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>accommodatus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>; <ets>ad + commodare</ets> to make

fit, help; <ets>con-</ets> + <ets>modus</ets> measure,

proportion. See <er>Mode</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render

fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; <as>as, to

<ex>accommodate</ex> ourselves to circumstances</as>.</def>

\'bdThey <xex>accomodate</xex> their counsels to his

inclination.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring into agreement or harmony; to

reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; <as>as, to

<ex>accommodate</ex> differences, a dispute, etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with something desired, needed, or

convenient; to favor; to oblige; <as>as, to <ex>accommodate</ex>

a friend with a loan or with lodgings</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To show the correspondence of; to apply or make

suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental

circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; <as>as, to

<ex>accommodate</ex> prophecy to events</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.</syn>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To adapt one's

self; to be conformable or adapted.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*date</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accommodatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>accommodare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Suitable; fit; adapted; <as>as, means <ex>accommodate</ex>

to end</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Suitably;

fitly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*date*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fitness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`ting</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging;

as an <xex>accommodating</xex> man, spirit, arrangement.</def>



<hw>Ac*com`mo*da"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accommodatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accommodare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>accommodation</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of

being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by

<xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdThe organization of the body with

<xex>accommodation</xex> to its functions.\'b8



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Whatever supplies a want or affords ease,

refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired

or needful; -- often in the plural; <as>as, the

<ex>accomodations</ex> -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an

inn</as>.</def>



<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An adjustment of differences; state of

agreement; reconciliation; settlement.</def> \'bdTo come to terms

of <xex>accommodation</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The application of a writer's language, on the

ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or

intended.</def>



<q>Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably

intended as nothing more than <qex>accommodations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A loan of

money.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An accommodation bill or

note.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Accommodation bill</col>, or

<col>note</col></mcol> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a bill of exchange

which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and

delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for

the purpose of raising money on credit.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Accommodation coach</col>, or <col>train</col></mcol>,

<cd>one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly

all stations.</cd> -- <col>Accommodation ladder</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a light ladder hung over the side of a

ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to,

small boats.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*com"mo*da`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>He

who, or that which, accommodates.</def>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*na*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Sociable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>He who,

or that which, accompanies.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*ni*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accompagnement</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which accompanies;

something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to

give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of

ornament, or for the sake of symmetry</def>. Specifically:

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A part performed by instruments,

accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the

subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal

instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*nist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

performer in music who takes the accompanying part.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accompanied</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accompanying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aacompaignier</ets>, F.

<ets>accompagner</ets>, to associate with, fr. OF.

<ets>compaign</ets>, <ets>compain</ets>, companion. See

<er>Company</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go with or attend as

a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with;

-- followed by <xex>with</xex> or <xex>by</xex>; <as>as, he

<ex>accompanied</ex> his speech with a bow</as>.</def>



<q>The Persian dames, . . . 

In sumptuous cars, <qex>accompanied</qex> his march.</q>

<qau>Glover.</qau>



<q>They are never alone that are <qex>accompanied</qex> with

noble thoughts.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>He was <qex>accompanied</qex> by two carts filled with wounded

rebels.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cohabit with.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Accompany</er>, <er>Attend</er>, <er>Escort</er>. We

<xex>accompany</xex> those with whom we go as companions. The

word imports an <xex>equality</xex> of station. We

<xex>attend</xex> those whom we wait upon or follow. The word

conveys an idea of <xex>subordination</xex>. We <xex>escort</xex>

those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A

gentleman <xex>accompanies</xex> a friend to some public place;

he <xex>attends</xex> or <xex>escorts</xex> a lady.</usage>



<hw>Ac*com"pa*ny</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

associate in a company; to keep company.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not

<qex>accompany</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cohabit (with).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>To perform an accompanying

part or parts in a composition.</def>



<hw>Ac*com"ple*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad + complere</ets>, <ets>completum</ets>, to fill

up.]</ety> <def>Tending to accomplish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*com"plice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ac-

(perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See

<er>Complice</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cooperator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Success unto our valiant general,

And happiness to his <qex>accomplices</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An associate in the commission

of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or

an accessory.</def>   \'bdAnd thou, the cursed

<xex>accomplice</xex> of his treason.\'b8 <au>Johnson</au>.

<note>It is followed by <xex>with</xex> or <xex>of</xex> before a

person and by <xex>in</xex> (or sometimes <xex>of</xex>) before

the crime; <as>as, A was an <ex>accomplice</ex> with B in the

murder of C</as>. Dryden uses it with <xex>to</xex> before a

thing. \'bdSuspected for <xex>accomplice</xex> to the fire.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>

</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate;

confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See

<er>Abettor</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ac*com"plice*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ac`com*plic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or state of being an accomplice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*com"plish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accomplished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accomplishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acomplissen</ets>, OF. <ets>accomplir</ets>, F.

<ets>accomplir</ets>; L. <ets>ad + complere</ets> to fill up,

complete. See <er>Complete</er>, <er>Finish</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To complete, as time or distance.</def>



<q>That He would <qex>accomplish</qex> seventy years in the

desolations of Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Dan. ix. 2.</qau>



<q>He had <qex>accomplished</qex> half a league or more.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to an issue of full success; to effect;

to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; <as>as, to

<ex>accomplish</ex> a design, an object, a promise</as>.</def>



<q>This that is written must yet be <qex>accomplished</qex> in

me.</q>

<qau>Luke xxii. 37.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to

complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to

polish.</def>



<q>The armorers <qex>accomplishing</qex> the knights.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It [the moon] is fully <qex>accomplished</qex> for all those

ends to which Providence did appoint it.</q>

<qau>Wilkins.</qau>



<q>These qualities . . . go to <qex>accomplish</qex> a perfect

woman.</q>

<qau>Cowden Clarke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To gain; to obtain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect;

effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect;

equip; furnish.</syn> -- <usage>To <er>Accomplish</er>,

<er>Effect</er>, <er>Execute</er>, <er>Achieve</er>,

<er>Perform</er>. These words agree in the general idea of

carrying out to some end proposed. To <xex>accomplish</xex> (to

fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies

perseverance and skill; as, to <xex>accomplish</xex> a plan

proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking.

\'bdThou shalt <xex>accomplish</xex> my desire.\'b8



<au>1 Kings v. 9.</au>



<q>He . . . expressed his desire to see a union

<qex>accomplished</qex> between England and Scotland.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



To <xex>effect</xex> (to work out) is much like

<xex>accomplish</xex>. It usually implies some degree of

difficulty contended with; as, he <xex>effected</xex> or

<xex>accomplished</xex> what he intended, his purpose, but

little. \'bdWhat he decreed, he <xex>effected</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>To work in close design by fraud or guile

What force <qex>effected</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



To <xex>execute</xex> (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or

into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to

<xex>execute</xex> the laws or the orders of another; to

<xex>execute</xex> a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To

<xex>perform</xex> is much like to <xex>do</xex>, though less

generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and

methodical effort; as, to <xex>perform</xex> a mission, a part, a

task, a work. \'bdThou canst best <xex>perform</xex> that

office.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>The Saints, like stars, around his seat

<qex>Perform</qex> their courses still.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



To <xex>achieve</xex> (to come to the end or arrive at one's

purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of

importance, difficulty, and excellence.</usage>



<hw>Ac*com"plish*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being accomplished; practicable.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Ac*com"plished</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Completed; effected; established; <as>as, an

<ex>accomplished</ex> fact</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Complete in acquirements as the result usually

of training; -- commonly in a good sense; <as>as, an

<ex>accomplished</ex> scholar, an <ex>accomplished</ex>

villain</as>.</def>



<q>They . . . show themselves <qex>accomplished</qex> bees.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>Daughter of God and man, <qex>accomplished</qex> Eve.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ac*com"plish*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

accomplishes.</def>



<hw>Ac*com"plish*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accomplissement</ets>, fr. <ets>accomplir</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of accomplishing; entire performance;

completion; fulfillment; <as>as, the <ex>accomplishment</ex> of

an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which completes, perfects, or equips

thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes

excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education

or training.</def>   \'bdMy new <xex>accomplishment</xex> of

dancing.\'b8 <au>Churchill</au>. \'bd<xex>Accomplishments</xex>

befitting a station.\'b8 <au>Thackeray</au>.



<q><qex>Accomplishments</qex> have taken virtue's place,

And wisdom falls before exterior grace.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Ac*compt"</hw> <pr>(#; <it>formerly</it> #)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Account</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Accompt</xex>, <xex>accomptant</xex>, etc., are

archaic forms.</note>



<hw>Ac*compt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Accountable</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac*compt"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Accountant</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cord"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acord</ets>, <ets>accord</ets>, OF. <ets>acort</ets>,

<ets>acorde</ets>, F. <ets>accord</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>acorder</ets>, F. <ets>accorder</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreement or concurrence

of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent;

assent.</def>



<q>A mediator of an <qex>accord</qex> and peace between them.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>These all continued with one <qex>accord</qex> in prayer.</q>

<qau>Acts i. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone;

concord; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of tones</as>.</def>



<q>Those sweet <qex>accords</qex> are even the angels' lays.</q>



<au>Sir J. Davies.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of

things; <as>as, the <ex>accord</ex> of light and shade in

painting</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to

act; -- preceded by <xex>own</xex>; <as>as, of one's own

<ex>accord</ex></as>.</def>



<q>That which groweth of its own <qex>accord</qex> of thy harvest

thou shalt not reap.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxv. 5.</qau>



<q>Of his own <qex>accord</qex> he went unto you.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vii. 17.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agreement between parties in

controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated,

and which, when executed, bars a suit.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<cs><col>With one accord</col>, <cd>with unanimity.</cd></cs>



<q>They rushed <qex>with one accord</qex> into the theater.</q>

<qau>Acts xix. 29.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Accorded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>According</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acorden</ets>,

<ets>accorden</ets>, OF. <ets>acorder</ets>, F.

<ets>accorder</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>accordare</ets>; L. <ets>ad +

cor</ets>, <ets>cordis</ets>, heart. Cf. <er>Concord</er>,

<er>Discord</er>, and see <er>Heart</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to

another; to adjust; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Her hands <qex>accorded</qex> the lute's music to the

voice.</q>

<qau>Sidney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring to an agreement, as persons; to

reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things;

<as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> suits or controversies</as>.</def>



<q>When they were <qex>accorded</qex> from the fray.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult

can never be <qex>accorded</qex> but by a competent stock of

critical learning.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to

award; <as>as, to <ex>accord</ex> to one due praise</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>According</xex> his desire.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ac*cord"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To agree; to

correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>,

formerly also by <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, his disposition

<ex>accords</ex> with his looks</as>.</def>



<q>My heart <qex>accordeth</qex> with my tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thy actions to thy words <qex>accord</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To agree in pitch and tone.</def>



<hw>Ac*cord"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acordable</ets>, F. <ets>accordable</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Agreeing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reconcilable; in accordance.</def>



<hw>Ac*cord"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acordance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agreement; harmony;

conformity.</def> \'bdIn strict <xex>accordance</xex> with the

law.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.</syn>



<hw>Ac*cord"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accordance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Paley.</au>



<hw>Ac*cord"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acordant</ets>, F. <ets>accordant</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable;

-- followed by <xex>with</xex> or <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Strictly <qex>accordant</qex> with true morality.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<q>And now his voice <qex>accordant</qex> to the string.</q>

<qau>Coldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cord"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In accordance or

agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>

or <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cord"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

accords, assents, or concedes.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Agreeing; in

agreement or harmony; harmonious.</def>   \'bdThis

<xex>according</xex> voice of national wisdom.\'b8

<au>Burke</au>. \'bdMind and soul <xex>according</xex> well.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q><qex>According to</qex> him, every person was to be

bought.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Our zeal should be <qex>according to</qex> knowledge.</q>

<qau>Sprat.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>According to</xex> has been called a

prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, <xex>according</xex>

is a participle in the sense of <xex>agreeing</xex>,

<xex>acceding</xex>, and <xex>to</xex> alone is the

preposition.</note>



<cs><col>According as</col>, <cd>precisely as; the same as;

corresponding to the way in which. <xex>According as<xex> is an

adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but

good usage sanctions it. See <er>According</er>,

<xex>adv<xex>.</cd></cs>



<q>Is all things well,

<qex>According as</qex> I gave directions?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The land which the Lord will give you <qex>according as</qex>

he hath promised.</q>

<qau>Ex. xii. 25.</qau>



<qau>p. 13</qau>



<hw>Ac*cord"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Accordingly; correspondingly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*cord"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner

conformable.</def>



<q>Behold, and so proceed <qex>accordingly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In natural sequence; consequently; so.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Accordingly</er>, <er>Consequently</er>, indicate

a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on

account of the former. <xex>Accordingly</xex> marks the

connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading

naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I

called, and I <xex>accordingly</xex> left my card; our

preparations were all finished, and we <xex>accordingly</xex> set

sail. <xex>Consequently</xex> all finished, and we

<xex>accordingly</xex> set sail. <xex>Consequently</xex> marks a

closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the

papers were not ready, and <xex>consequently</xex> could not be

signed.</usage>



<hw>Ac*cor"di*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Accord</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A small, portable,

keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the

wind upon free metallic reeds.</def>



<hw>Ac*cor"di*on*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A player on the

accordion.</def>



<hw>Ac*cord"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acordement</ets>. See <er>Accord</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Agreement; reconcilement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Ac*cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accorporare</ets>; <ets>ad + corpus</ets>,

<ets>corporis</ets>, body.]</ety> <def>To unite; to attach; to

incorporate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*cost"</hw> <pr>(#; 115)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accosted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accosting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>accoster</ets>, LL. <ets>accostare</ets> to bring side by

side; L. <ets>ad + costa</ets> rib, side. See <er>Coast</er>, and

cf. <er>Accoast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To join side to

side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSo much [of Lapland] as

<xex>accosts</xex> the sea.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To approach; to make up to.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To speak to first; to address; to greet.</def>

\'bdHim, Satan thus <xex>accosts</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To adjoin; to lie

alongside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe shores which to the

sea <xex>accost</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ac*cost"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Address; greeting.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Morley.</au>



<hw>Ac*cost"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>accostable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approachable; affable.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Ac*cost"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by

side.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*couche"ment</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>accoucher</ets> to be delivered of a child, to

aid in delivery, OF. <ets>acouchier</ets> orig. to lay down, put

to bed, go to bed; L. <ets>ad + collocare</ets> to lay, put,

place. See <er>Collate</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivery in

childbed</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cou*cheur"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>accoucher</ets>. See <er>Accouchement</er>.]</ety>

<def>A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an

obstetrician.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*cou*cheuse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.., fem. of <ets>accoucher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

midwife.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ac*count"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acount</ets>, <ets>account</ets>, <ets>accompt</ets>, OF.

<ets>acont</ets>, fr. <ets>aconter</ets>. See <er>Account</er>,

<ets>v. t</ets>., <er>Count</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A reckoning; computation; calculation;

enumeration; a record of some reckoning; <as>as, the Julian

<ex>account</ex> of time</as>.</def>



<q>A beggarly <qex>account</qex> of empty boxes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written

or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits,

and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review;

<as>as, to keep one's <ex>account</ex> at the bank</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A statement in general of reasons, causes,

grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; <as>as, no satisfactory

<ex>account</ex> has been given of these phenomena</as>. Hence,

the word is often used simply for <xex>reason</xex>,

<xex>ground</xex>, <xex>consideration</xex>, <xex>motive</xex>,

etc.; <as>as, on no <ex>account</ex>, on every <ex>account</ex>,

on all <ex>accounts</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of

transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description;

<as>as, an <ex>account</ex> of a battle</as>.</def> \'bdA

laudable <xex>account</xex> of the city of London.\'b8



<au>Howell.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A statement and explanation or vindication of

one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.</def>



<q>Give an <qex>account</qex> of thy stewardship.</q>

<qau>Luke xvi. 2.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An estimate or estimation; valuation;

judgment.</def> \'bdTo stand high in your <xex>account</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Importance; worth; value; advantage;

profit.</def>   \'bdMen of <xex>account</xex>.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.

\'bdTo turn to <xex>account</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<cs><col>Account current</col>, <cd>a running or continued

account between two or more parties, or a statement of the

particulars of such an account.</cd> -- <col>In account

with</col>, <cd>in a relation requiring an account to be

kept.</cd> -- <col>On account of</col>, <cd>for the sake of; by

reason of; because of.</cd> -- <col>On one's own account</col>,

<cd>for one's own interest or behalf.</cd> -- <col>To make

account</col>, <cd>to have an opinion or expectation; to

reckon.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>s other part . . . <qex>makes account</qex> to find no slender

arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which

are commonly urged against it.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <col>To make account of</col>, <cd>to hold in estimation; to

esteem; <as>as, he <ex>makes</ex> small <ex>account of</ex>

beauty</as>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To take account of</col>, or

<col>to take into account</col></mcol>, <cd>to take into

consideration; to notice.</cd> \'bd<xex>Of</xex> their doings,

God <xex>takes</xex> no <xex>account</xex>.\'b8

<qau>Milton</qau>. -- <col>A writ of account</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding

that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good

cause to the contrary; -- called also an <altname>action of

account</altname>.</cd>  <au>Cowell.</au></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital;

description; explanation; rehearsal.</syn> <usage></syn> --

<usage><er>Account</er>, <er>Narrative</er>, <er>Narration</er>,

<er>Recital</er>. These words are applied to different modes of

rehearsing a series of events. <uex>Account</uex> turns attention

not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more

properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group

of incidents taken as whole; as, an <uex>account</uex> of a

battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A <uex>narrative</uex> is a

continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might

tell to another; as, a <uex>narrative</uex> of the events of a

siege, a <uex>narrative</uex> of one's life, etc.

<uex>Narration</uex> is usually the same as <uex>narrative</uex>,

but is sometimes used to describe the <uex>mode</uex> of relating

events; as, his powers of <uex>narration</uex> are uncommonly

great. <uex>Recital</uex> denotes a series of events drawn out

into minute particulars, usually expressing something which

peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the

<uex>recital</uex> of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings,

etc.</ususage>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To reckon; to compute; to count.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are

<qex>accounted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place to one's account; to put to the credit

of; to assign; -- with <xex>to</xex>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge

or consider; to deem.</def>



<q><qex>Accounting</qex> that God was able to raise him up.</q>

<qau>Heb. xi. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To recount; to relate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ac*count"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render

or receive an account or relation of particulars; <as>as, an

officer must <ex>account</ex> with or to the treasurer for money

received</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To render an account; to answer in judgment; --

with <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, we must <ex>account</ex> for the use

of our opportunities</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause

of; to explain; -- with <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, idleness

<ex>accounts</ex> for poverty</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To account of</col>, <cd>to esteem; to prize; to value.

Now used only in the passive. \'bdI <xex>account of<xex> her

beauty.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Newer was preaching more <qex>accounted of</qex> than in the

sixteenth century.</q>

<qau>Canon Robinson.</qau>



<hw>Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to

render an account; accountableness.</def> \'bdThe awful idea of

<xex>accountability</xex>.\'b8



<au>R. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ac*count"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable;

<as>as, every man is <ex>accountable</ex> to God for his

conduct</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being accounted for;

explicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and

<qex>accountable</qex>, -- not a burden but a privilege.</q>

<qau>B. Whichcote.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.</syn>



<hw>Ac*count"a*ble ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being accountable; accountability.</def>



<hw>Ac*count"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an accountable

manner.</def>



<hw>Ac*count"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

or employment of an accountant.</def>



<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>accomptant</ets>, OF. <ets>acontant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who renders account; one accountable.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reckoner.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts,

accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the

accounts.</def>



<cs><col>Accountatn general</col>, <cd>the head or superintending

accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer

in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid

into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of

England.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*count"ant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Accountable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*count"ant*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Accountant</ets> + <ets>-ship</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

office or employment of an accountant.</def>



<hw>Ac*count" book`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A book in which

accounts are kept.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Ac*cou"ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acopler</ets>, F. <ets>accoupler</ets>. See

<er>Couple</er>.]</ety> <def>To join; to couple.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The Englishmen <qex>accoupled</qex> themselves with the

Frenchmen.</q>

<qau>Hall.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cou"ple*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>accouplement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Caxton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which couples, as a tie or brace.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cour"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acoragier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>corage</ets>. See <er>Courage</er>.]</ety> <def>To

encourage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*court"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ac-</ets>, for L. <er>ad</er>. See

<er>Court</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat courteously; to court.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac*cou"ter</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Accoutered</er> or <er>Accoutred</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accoutering</er> or

<er>Accoutring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>accouter</ets>,

OF. <ets>accoutrer</ets>, <ets>accoustrer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets>

(L. <ets>ad</ets>) + perh. LL. <ets>custor</ets>, for

<ets>custos</ets> guardian, sacristan (cf. <er>Custody</er>), or

perh. akin to E. <ets>guilt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To furnish with

dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip;

to attire; to array.</def>



<q>Bot <qex>accoutered</qex> like young men.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>For this, in rags <qex>accoutered</qex> are they seen.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Accoutered</qex> with his burden and his staff.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac*cou"ter*ments</hw>, <hw>Ac*cou"tre*ments</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accoutrement</ets>, earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>,

earlier also <ets>accoustrement</ets>. See

<er>Accouter</er>.]</ety> <def>Dress; trappings; equipment;

specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.</def>



<q>How gay with all the <qex>accouterments</qex> of war!</q>



<hw>Ac*coy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acoyer</ets>; <ets>ac-</ets>, for L. <ets>ad</ets>. See

<er>Coy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render quiet; to

soothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subdue; to tame; to daunt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Then is your careless courage <qex>accoyed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cred"it</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accredited</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Accrediting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>accr\'82diter</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

cr\'82dit credit. See <er>Credit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to

sanction.</def>



<q>His censure will . . . <qex>accredit</qex> his praises.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>These reasons . . . which <qex>accredit</qex> and fortify mine

opinion.</q>

<qau>Shelton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send with letters credential, as an

ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a

messenger or delegate.</def>



<q>Beton . . . was <qex>accredited</qex> to the Court of

France.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To believe; to credit; to put trust in.</def>



<q>The version of early Roman history which was

<qex>accredited</qex> in the fifth century.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<q>He <qex>accredited</qex> and repeated stories of apparitions

and witchcraft.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one)

as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some

one.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To accredit</col> (one) <col>with</col>

(something)</mcol>, <cd>to attribute something to him; <as>as,

Mr. Clay was <ex>accredited with<ex> these views; they

<ex>accredit<ex> him <ex>with<ex> a wise saying</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*cred`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of accrediting; <as>as, letters of

<ex>accreditation</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to accremention.</def>



<hw>Ac`cre*men*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Accresce</er>, <er>Increment</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of generation by

development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new

formation is in all respect like the individual from which it

proceeds.</def>



<hw>Ac*cresce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accrescere</ets>. See <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To accrue.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase; to grow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gillespie.</au>



<hw>Ac*cres"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>accrescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Continuous growth; an

accretion.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The silent <qex>accrescence</qex> of belief from the unwatched

depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cres"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accrescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>accrescere</ets>; <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to grow. See

<er>Crescent</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Growing; increasing.</def>



<au>Shuckford.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing larger after

flowering.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ac*crete"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>accretus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accrescere</ets> to

increase.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make adhere; to

add.</def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Ac*crete"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Characterized

by accretion; made up; <as>as, <ex>accrete</ex>

matter</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Grown together.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ac*cre"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accretio</ets>, fr. <ets>accrescere</ets> to increase. Cf.

<er>Crescent</er>, <er>Increase</er>, <er>Accrue</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of increasing by natural growth; esp.

the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of

parts; organic growth.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of increasing, or the matter added, by

an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; <as>as,

an <ex>accretion</ex> of earth</as>.</def>



<q>A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by

<qex>accretion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Owen.</qau>



<q>To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later

<qex>accretion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Concretion; coherence of separate particles;

<as>as, the <ex>accretion</ex> of particles so as to form a solid

mass</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A growing together of parts naturally separate,

as of the fingers toes.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adhering of

property to something else, by which the owner of one thing

becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land

by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by

a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir

to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to

take his share.</def>



<au>Wharton. Kent.</au>



<hw>Ac*cre"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Ac*crim"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ac-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets> to) +

<ets>criminari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To accuse of a crime.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Ac*crim`i*na"tion</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Ac*croach"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acrochen</ets>, <ets>accrochen</ets>, to obtain, OF.

<ets>acrochier</ets>, F. <ets>accrocher</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets>

(L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>croc</ets> hook (E.

<ets>crook</ets>).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hook, or draw to

one's self as with a hook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal

prerogatives.</def>



<q>They had attempted to <qex>accroach</qex> to themselves royal

power.</q>

<qau>Stubbs.</qau>



<hw>Ac*croach"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>accrochement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An encroachment;

usurpation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ac*cru"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accrument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*crue"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accrued</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accruing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Accrue</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <ets>and cf</ets>. <er>Accresce</er>,

<er>Accrete</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To increase; to

augment.</def>



<q>And though power failed, her courage did

<qex>accrue</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come to by way of increase; to arise or

spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or

damage, especially as the produce of money lent.</def>

\'bdInterest <xex>accrues</xex> to principal.\'b8



<au>Abbott.</au>



<q>The great and essential advantages <qex>accruing</qex> to

society from the freedom of the press.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<hw>Ac*crue"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>accr\'96</ets>,

OF. <ets>acre\'81</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accroitre</ets>, OF.

<ets>acroistre</ets> to increase; L. <ets>ad + crescere</ets> to

increase. Cf. <er>Accretion</er>, <er>Crew</er>. See

<er>Crescent</er>.]</ety> <def>Something that accrues; advantage

accruing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cru"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The act of accruing; accretion; <as>as, title by

<ex>accruer</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cru"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process

of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Ac`cu*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accubatio</ets>, for <ets>accubatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>accubare</ets> to recline; <ets>ad + cubare</ets> to lie

down. See <er>Accumb</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or posture of

reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at

meals.</def>



<hw>Ac*cumb"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accumbere</ets>; <ets>ad + cumbere</ets> (only in compounds)

to lie down.]</ety> <def>To recline, as at table.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ac*cum"ben*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being accumbent or reclining.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their

meals.</def>



<q>The Roman.. <qex>accumbent</qex> posture in eating.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Lying against anything, as one

part of a leaf against another leaf.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<q><qex>Accumbent</qex> cotyledons have their edges placed

against the caulicle.</q>

<qau>Eaton.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cum"bent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who reclines at

table.</def>



<hw>Ac*cum"ber</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

encumber.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accumulated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accumulating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>; <ets>ad +

cumulare</ets> to heap. See <er>Cumulate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to

amass; <as>as, to <ex>accumulate</ex> a sum of money</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather;

aggregate; heap together; hoard.</syn>



<-- p. 14  -->



<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase

greatly.</def>



<q>Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,

Where wealth <qex>accumulates</qex>, and men decay.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cu"mu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accumulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>accumulare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Collected; accumulated.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ac*cu`mu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accumulatio</ets>; cf. F. <ets>accumulation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of accumulating, the state of being

accumulated, or that which is accumulated; <as>as, an

<ex>accumulation</ex> of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of

honors</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The concurrence of several

titles to the same proof.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Accumulation of energy</col> or

<col>power</col></mcol>, <cd>the storing of energy by means of

weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.</cd>

-- <col>An accumulation of degrees</col> <fld>(Eng. Univ.)</fld>,

<cd>the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than

usual or than is allowed by the rules.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;

cumulative; additional.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ac*cu"mu*la`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who, or that which,

accumulates, collects, or amasses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>An apparatus by means of

which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank

for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or

storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical

charges, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A system of elastic springs for relieving the

strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.</def>



<hw>Ac"cu*ra*cy</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Accurate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of being accurate;

freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness;

exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision;

exactness; nicety; correctness; <as>as, the value of testimony

depends on its <ex>accuracy</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to

judge, and to reason, with precision and <qex>accuracy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<q>The <qex>accuracy</qex> with which the piston fits the

sides.</q>

<qau>Lardner.</qau>



<hw>Ac"cu*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accuratus</ets>, p. p. and a., fr. <ets>accurare</ets> to

take care of; <ets>ad + curare</ets> to take care,

<ets>cura</ets> care. See <er>Cure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard

of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure,

error, or defect; exact; <as>as, an <ex>accurate</ex> calculator;

an <ex>accurate</ex> measure; <ex>accurate</ex> expression,

knowledge, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Precisely fixed; executed with care;

careful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Those conceive the celestial bodies have more

<qex>accurate</qex> influences upon these things below.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Accurate</er>, <er>Correct</er>, <er>Exact</er>,

<er>Precise</er>. We speak of a thing as <xex>correct</xex> with

reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a

<xex>correct</xex> account, a <xex>correct</xex> likeness, a man

of <xex>correct</xex> deportment. We speak of a thing as

<xex>accurate</xex> with reference to the care bestowed upon its

execution, and the increased correctness to be expected

therefrom; as, an <xex>accurate</xex> statement, an

<xex>accurate</xex> detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as

<xex>exact</xex> with reference to that perfected state of a

thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an

<xex>exact</xex> coincidence, the <xex>exact</xex> truth, an

<xex>exact</xex> likeness. We speak of a thing as

<xex>precise</xex> when we think of it as strictly conformed to

some rule or model, as if <xex>cut down</xex> thereto; as a

<xex>precise</xex> conformity instructions; <xex>precisely</xex>

right; he was very <xex>precise</xex> in giving his

directions.</usage>



<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an accurate

manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.</def>



<hw>Ac"cu*rate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.</def>



<hw>Ac*curse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acursien</ets>, <ets>acorsien</ets>; pref. <ets>a +

cursien</ets> to curse. See <er>Curse</er>.]</ety> <def>To devote

to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to

execrate; to anathematize.</def>



<q>And the city shall be <qex>accursed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Josh. vi. 17.</qau>



<q>Thro' you, my life will be <qex>accurst</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac*cursed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac*curst"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>Doomed to

destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the

curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an

<xex>accursed</xex> deed. <au>Shak</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Ac*curs"ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ac*curs"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ac*cus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accusabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>accusable</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or

fault; blamable; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac*cus"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accusans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>accusare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>accusant</ets>.]</ety> <def>An accuser.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ac`cu*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acusation</ets>, F. <ets>accusation</ets>, L.

<ets>accusatio</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>. See

<er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of accusing or charging with a crime or

with a lighter offense.</def>



<q>We come not by the way of <qex>accusation</qex>

To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That of which one is accused; the charge of an

offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.</def>



<q>[They] set up over his head his <qex>accusation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvii. 37.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.</syn>



<hw>Ac*cu`sa*ti"val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the accusative case.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>accusatif</ets>, L. <ets>accusativus</ets> (in sense 2), fr.

<ets>accusare</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Producing accusations; accusatory.</def>

\'bdThis hath been a very <xex>accusative</xex> age.\'b8



<au>Sir E. Dering.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Applied to the case (as the

fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the

immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive

verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency

to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective

case in English.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The

accusative case.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

accusative manner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In relation to the accusative case in

grammar.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Accusatory.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way

accusation.</def>



<hw>Ac*cu"sa*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>accusatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; <as>as, an

<ex>accusatory</ex> libel</as>.</def>



<au>Grote.</au>



<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*cuse"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Accused</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Accusing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acuser</ets>, F. <ets>accuser</ets>, L. <ets>accusare</ets>,

to call to account, accuse; <ets>ad + causa</ets> cause, lawsuit.

Cf. <er>Cause</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To charge with, or

declare to have committed, a crime or offense</def>;

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>to charge with an offense, judicially or by

a public process; -- with <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>accuse</ex> one of a high crime or misdemeanor</as>.</def>



<q>Neither can they prove the things whereof they now

<qex>accuse</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Acts xxiv. 13.</qau>



<q>We are <qex>accused of</qex> having persuaded Austria and

Sardinia to lay down their arms.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To charge with a fault; to blame; to

censure.</def>



<q>Their thoughts the meanwhile <qex>accusing</qex> or else

excusing one another.</q>

<qau>Rom. ii. 15.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To betray; to show. <ety>[L.]</ety></def>



<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate;

indict; impeach; arraign.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Accuse</er>,

<er>Charge</er>, <er>Impeach</er>, <er>Arraign</er>. These words

agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing.

To <xex>accuse</xex> is a somewhat formal act, and is applied

usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to

<xex>accuse</xex> of treason.  <xex>Charge</xex> is the most

generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault,

etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to

<xex>charge</xex> with dishonesty or falsehood. To

<xex>arraign</xex> is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for

trial; as, to <xex>arraign</xex> one before a court or at the bar

public opinion. To <xex>impeach</xex> is officially to charge

with misbehavior in office; as, to <xex>impeach</xex> a minister

of high crimes. Both <xex>impeach</xex> and <xex>arraign</xex>

convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.</usage>



<hw>Ac*cused"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Charged with

offense; <as>as, an <ex>accused</ex> person</as>.</def>



<note>Commonly used substantively; as, the <xex>accused</xex>,

one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal

case.</note>



<hw>Ac*cuse"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acusement</ets>. See <er>Accuse</er>.]</ety>

<def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>acuser</ets>, <ets>accusour</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>acuseor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>accusator</ets>, fr.

<ets>accusare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who accuses; one who brings

a charge of crime or fault.</def>



<hw>Ac*cus"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an accusing

manner.</def>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Accustomed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Accustoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acostumer</ets>, <ets>acustumer</ets>, F.

<ets>accoutumer</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF.

<ets>costume</ets>, F. <ets>coutume</ets>, custom. See

<er>Custom</er>.]</ety> <def>To make familiar by use; to

habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>I shall always fear that he who <qex>accustoms</qex> himself

to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it

in greater.</q>

<qau>Adventurer.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.</syn>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be

wont.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cohabit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We with the best men <qex>accustom</qex> openly; you with the

basest commit private adulteries.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Custom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Habitual; customary; wonted.</def>

\'bd<xex>Accustomable</xex> goodness.\'b8



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>According to

custom; ordinarily; customarily.</def>



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom*ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>accoustumance</ets>, F. <ets>accoutumance</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Custom; habitual use.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Customarily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*cus"tom*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Usual;

customary.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Featley.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tomed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Familiar through use; usual; customary.</def> \'bdAn

<xex>accustomed</xex> action.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Frequented by customers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdA well <xex>accustomed</xex> shop.\'b8



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Ac*cus"tomed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Habituation.</def>



<q><qex>Accustomedness</qex> to sin hardens the heart.</q>

<qau>Bp. Pearce.</qau>



<hw>Ace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aces</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>as</ets>, F.

<ets>as</ets>, fr. L. <ets>as</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>, unity,

copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. <er>As</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die;

the card or die so marked; <as>as, the <ex>ace</ex> of

diamonds</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a

particle; an atom; a jot.</def>



<q>I 'll not wag an <qex>ace</qex> further.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To bate an ace</col>, <cd>to make the least abatement.

<mark>[Obs.]M/mark></cd> -- <col>Within an ace of</col>, <cd>very

near; on the point of.</cd></cs>



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<hw>A*cel"da*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. Syr. <ets>\'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3</ets> the field of blood.]</ety>

<def>The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem,

purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his

Master, and therefore called <xex>the field of blood</xex>. Fig.:

A field of bloodshed.</def>



<q>The system of warfare . . . which had already converted

immense tracts into one universal <qex>aceldama</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>A*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ a point, a center.]</ety> <def>Not centered; without

a center.</def>



<hw>Ac"e*phal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ head: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82phale</ets>, LL.

<ets>acephalus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the Acephala.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, adj. neut. pl., headless. See

<er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division

of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams

and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head.

Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and

sometimes the Bryozoa. See <er>Mollusca</er>.</def>



<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acephal</er>.</def>



<hw>A*ceph"a*lan</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Belonging to the Acephala.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*ceph"a*li</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[LL., pl. of <ets>acephalus</ets>. See

<er>Acephal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabulous people

reported by ancient writers to have heads.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

Christian sect without a leader.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bishops

and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry

I.</def>



<hw>A*ceph"a*list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

acknowledges no head or superior.</def>



<au>Dr. Gauden.</au>



<hw>A*ceph"a*lo*cyst</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ without a head + <?/ bladder.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval

vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the

tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the

absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts

are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to

similar cysts of different origin.</def>



<hw>A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.</def>



<hw>A*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Acephal</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Headless.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a distinct head;

-- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the style spring from

the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain

ovaries.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Without a leader or chief.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Wanting the beginning.</def>



<q>A false or <qex>acephalous</qex> structure of sentence.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Deficient and the beginning,

as a line of poetry.</def>



<au>Brande.</au>



<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aceric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of

aceric acid with a salifiable base.</def>



<hw>Ac"er*ate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acerose;

needle-shaped.</def>



<hw>A*cerb"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acerbus</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F.

<ets>acerbe</ets>. See <er>Acrid</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour, bitter,

and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.</def>



<hw>A*cerb"ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acerbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acerbare</ets>, fr.

<ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety> <def>To sour; to imbitter; to

irritate.</def>



<hw>A*cerb"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sour or

severe.</def>



<hw>A*cerb"i*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acerbitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>acerbus</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Sourness and harshness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>A*cerb"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acerbit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>acerbitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>acerbus</ets>. See <er>Acerb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like

that of unripe fruit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Harshness, bitterness, or severity; <as>as,

<ex>acerbity</ex> of temper, of language, of pain</as>.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>A*cer"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acer</ets> maple.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained

from, the maple; <as>as, <ex>aceric</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ac"er*ose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[(a) L.

<ets>acerosus</ets> chaffy, fr. <ets>acus</ets>, gen.

<ets>aceris</ets>, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. <ets>acus</ets>

needle: cf. F. <ets>ac\'82reux</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as

the leaf of the pine.</def>



<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acerose</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac"er*ous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <a/ priv. + <keras/ 

a horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute

of tentacles, as certain mollusks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Without antenn\'91, as some insects.</def>



<hw>A*cer"val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acervalis</ets>, fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to a heap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acervatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acervare</ets> to heap up,

fr. <ets>acervus</ets> heap.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cer"vate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heaped, or

growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.</def>



<hw>Ac`er*va"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acervatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up;

accumulation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>A*cer"va*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heaped

up; tending to heap up.</def>



<hw>A*cer"vose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

heaps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>A*cer"vu*line</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling little heaps.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*ces"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*ces"cen*cy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>acescence</ets>. See <er>Acescent</er>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a

moderate degree of sourness.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>A*ces"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acescens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>acescere</ets> to turn sour; inchoative of <ets>acere</ets>

to be sour: cf. F. <ets>acescent</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety>

<def>Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly

sour.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<hw>A*ces"cent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance liable to

become sour.</def>



<hw>Ac"e*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Acetabuliferous</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Cephalopoda in which

the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the

cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See

<er>Cephalopoda</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.  <ets>acetablum</ets> a little cup +

<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Furnished with fleshy cups for

adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.</def>



<hw>Ac`e*tab"u*li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetabulum + -form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; <as>as, an

<ex>acetabuliform</ex> calyx</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac`e*tab"u*lum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

a little saucer for vinegar, fr. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr.

<ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A vinegar cup; socket

of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bony cup

which receives the head of the thigh bone.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its

articulation with the body.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A sucker of

the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>The large posterior sucker of the leeches.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating

animals.</def>



<hw>Ac"e*tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>ic + <ets>al</ets>cohol.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid

from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of

platinum black.</def>



<hw>Ac`et*al"de*hyde</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acetic

aldehyde. See <er>Aldehyde</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`et*am"ide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white crystalline solid, from ammonia

by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.</def>



<hw>Ac`et*an"i*lide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acet</ets>yl + <ets>anilide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to

allay fever or pain; -- called also

<altname>antifebrine</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ac`e*ta"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetaria</ets>, n. pl., salad, fr. <ets>acetum</ets>

vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be sour.]</ety> <def>Used in

salads; <as>as, <ex>acetarious</ex> plants</as>.</def>



<-- p. 15  -->



<hw>Ac"e*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetaria</ets> salad plants.]</ety> <def>An acid pulp in

certain fruits, as the pear.</def>



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>Ac"e*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be

sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the union

of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; <as>as,

<ex>acetate</ex> of lead, <ex>acetate</ex> of potash</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"e*ta`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Combined

with acetic acid.</def>



<hw>A*ce"tic</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be

sour.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of a pertaining

to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; <as>as,

<ex>acetic</ex> fermentation</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, <as>as

<ex>acetic</ex> ether, <ex>acetic</ex> acid</as>. The latter is

the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.</def>



<hw>A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of

becoming converted, into vinegar.</def>



<hw>A*cet"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

apparatus for hastening acetification.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acetified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acetifying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acetum</ets> vinegar +

<ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into acid or

vinegar.</def>



<hw>A*cet"i*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn acid.</def>



<au>Encyc. Dom. Econ.</au>



<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ac\'82tim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid

containing acetic acid.</def>



<hw>Ac`e*tim"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the

proportion of acetic acid contained in it.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ac"e*tin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ac"e*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

acetify.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac`e*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acetimeter</er>.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ac"e*tone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Acetic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile liquid

consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of

oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of

certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric

acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.</def>



<note><hand/ The term in also applied to a number of bodies of

similar constitution, more frequently called <xex>ketones</xex>.

See <er>Ketone</er>.</note>



<hw>Ac`e*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to acetone; <as>as, <ex>acetonic</ex>

bodies</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"e*tose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sour like

vinegar; acetous.</def>



<hw>Ac`e*tos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>acetositas</ets>. See <er>Acetous</er>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being acetous; sourness.</def>



<hw>A*ce"tous</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetum</ets> vinegar, fr. <ets>acere</ets> to be

sour.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a sour taste; sour;

acid.</def>   \'bdAn <xex>acetous</xex> spirit.\'b8

<au>Boyle</au>. \'bdA liquid of an <xex>acetous</xex> kind.\'b8



<au>Bp. Lowth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing, or connected with, acetification;

<as>as, <ex>acetous</ex> fermentation</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Acetous acid</col>, <cd>a name formerly given to

vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac"e*tyl</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acetum</ets> vinegar + Gr. <?/ substance. See

<er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A complex,

hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of

hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.</def>



<hw>A*cet"y*lene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous compound of carbon and

hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of

the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant

odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number

of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide.

Its light is very brilliant.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ach</hw>, <hw>Ache</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ache</ets>, L. <ets>apium</ets>

parsley.]</ety> <def>A name given to several species of plants;

<as>as, smallage, wild celery, parsley</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*ch\'91"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*cha"ian</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Achaeus</ets>,

<ets>Achaius</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A native of Achaia; a Greek.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8A*char"ne*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Savage fierceness; ferocity.</def>



<hw>Ach"ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An agate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>A*chate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>achat</ets> purchase. See <er>Cates</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Purchase; bargaining.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Provisions. Same as

<er>Cates</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ach`a*ti"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ agate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and

Africa.</def>



<hw>A*cha*tour"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Cater</er>.]</ety> <def>Purveyor; acater.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ache</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ache</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ce</ets>, <ets>ece</ets>, fr.

<ets>acan</ets> to ache. See <er>Ache</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden

twinges, or spasmodic pain. \'bdSuch an <xex>ache</xex> in my

bones.\'bd</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ Often used in composition, as, a

head<xex>ache</xex>, an ear<xex>ache</xex>, a

tooth<xex>ache</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ache</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ached</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Aching</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aken</ets>, AS.

<ets>acan</ets>, both strong verbs, AS. <ets>acan</ets>, imp.

<ets>\'d3c</ets>, p. p. <ets>acen</ets>, to ache; perh. orig. to

drive, and akin to <ets>agent</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suffer pain;

to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be

distressed.</def> \'bdMy old bones <xex>ache</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The sins that in your conscience <qex>ache</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<hw>A*che"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ach\'91an</er>, <er>Achaian</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*chene"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*che"ni*um</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ to

gape.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small, dry, indehiscent

fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a

<xex>naked seed</xex> by the earlier botanists.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>akene</asp> and

<asp>ach\'91nium</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*che"ni*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to an achene.</def>



<hw>Ach"e*ron</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A river in the Nether World

or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By

some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or

gulf.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ach`e*ron"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy;

moribund.</def>



<hw>A*chiev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being achieved.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>A*chiev"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>achevance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Achievement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Elyot.</au>



<hw>A*chieve"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Achieved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Achieving</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>acheven</ets>, OF.

<ets>achever</ets>, <ets>achiever</ets>, F. <ets>achever</ets>,

to finish; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF.

<ets>chief</ets>, F. <ets>chef</ets>, end, head, fr. L.

<ets>caput</ets> head. See <er>Chief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected

state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to <xex>achieve</xex> a

feat, an exploit, an enterprise.</def>



<q>Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be

<qex>achieved</qex> in any line by the aid of a capital,

invigorating motive than without it.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion;

to succeed in gaining; to win.</def>



<q>Some are born great, some <qex>achieve</qex> greatness.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Thou hast <qex>achieved</qex> our liberty.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note>[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]</note>



<q>Show all the spoils by valiant kings <qex>achieved</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<q>He hath <qex>achieved</qex> a maid

That paragons description.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To finish; to kill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute;

perform; realize; obtain. See <er>Accomplish</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*chieve"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ach\'8avement</ets>, E. <er>Hatchment</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining

by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; <as>as, the

<ex>achievement</ex> of his object</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A great or heroic deed; something accomplished

by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.</def>



<q>[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the

most famous <qex>achievements</qex> of pagan heroes.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>The highest <qex>achievements</qex> of the human

intellect.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An escutcheon or ensign

armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly

called <xex>hatchment</xex>.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>A*chiev"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

achieves; a winner.</def>



<hw>Ach`il*le"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.</def>



<hw>A*chil"les' ten"don</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Achillis tendo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles

in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; --

so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by

the heel when dipped in the River Styx.</def>



<hw>A*chi"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ lip.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without a

lip.</def>



<hw>Ach"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That aches;

continuously painful. See <er>Ache</er>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ach"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>The <qex>aching</qex> heart, the <qex>aching</qex> head.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A`chi*o"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>achiote</ets>, fr. Indian <ets>achiotl</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter,

annotto.</def>



<hw>A*chlam"y*date</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/. <?/. a short cloak.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain

gastropods.</def>



<hw>Ach`la*myd"e*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Naked; having no floral envelope, neither

calyx nor corolla.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*cho"li*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ bile.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Deficiency or want of bile.</def>



<hw>Ach"o*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Lacking bile.</def>



<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

colorless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, color: cf. F.

<ets>achromatique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>

<def>Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it

into its primary colors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Uncolored; not absorbing

color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.</def>



<cs><col>Achromatic lens</col> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>a lens

composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of

substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as

crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the

chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other,

and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed.</cd> --

<col>Achromatic prism</col>. <cd>See <er>Prism</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Achromatic telescope</col>, or

<col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>one in which the chromatic

aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or

achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from

extraneous color.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In an achromatic manner.</def>



<hw>Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Achromatism.</def>



<hw>A*chro"ma*tin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Tissue which is not stained by fluid

dyes.</def>



<au>W. Flemming.</au>



<hw>A*chro"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>achromatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of

being achromatic; <as>as, the <ex>achromatism</ex> of a

lens</as>; achromaticity.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>achromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or

process of achromatizing.</def>



<hw>A*chro"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Achromatized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Achromatizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/

color.]</ety> <def>To deprive of color; to make achromatic.</def>



<hw>A*chro"ma*top"sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ color + <?/ sight.]</ety> <def>Color blindness;

inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.</def>



<hw>A*chron"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Acronyc</er>.</def>



<hw>Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ colorless + E. <ets>dextrin</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>Dextrin not colorable by iodine.

See <er>Dextrin</er>.</def>



<hw>Ach"ro*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Colorless; achromatic.</def>



<hw>A*chy"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without

chyle.</def>



<hw>A*chy"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without juice.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without

chyme.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*cic"u*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acicul\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a small

needle, dimin. of <ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <fld>(Nat.

<xex>Hist</xex>.)</fld> <def>One of the needlelike or bristlelike

spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike

crystal.</def>



<hw>A*cic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some

leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like

needless.</def>



<wordforms><wf>A*cic"u*lar*ly</wf>, <pos>adv</pos></wordforms>.



<mhw>{ <hw>A*cic"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*cic"u*la"ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Furnished with

acicul\'91.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Acicular.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a

needle.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>A*cic"u*li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acicula</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Needle-shaped; acicular.</def>



<hw>A*cic"u*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Needle ore.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ac"id</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidus</ets> sour, fr. the root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp:

cf. F. <ets>acide</ets>. Cf. <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste

of vinegar: as, <xex>acid</xex> fruits or liquors. Also fig.:

Sour-tempered.</def>



<q>He was stern and his face as <qex>acid</qex> as ever.</q>

<qau>A. Trollope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an acid; <as>as,

<ex>acid</ex> reaction</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"id</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sour

substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of compounds,

generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste,

solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet

colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying

the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with

them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar

properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more

negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with

oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or

radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called

<xex>hydracids</xex> in distinction from the others which are

called <xex>oxygen acids</xex> or <xex>oxacids</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium

may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are

called respectively <xex>sulphur acids</xex> or

<xex>sulphacids</xex>, <xex>selenium acids</xex>, or

<xex>tellurium acids</xex>. When the hydrogen of an acid is

replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and

hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as

<xex>hydrogen nitrate</xex> for nitric acid, <xex>hydrogen

sulphate</xex> for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the

name <xex>acid</xex> was applied to the oxides of the negative or

nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called

<xex>anhydrides</xex>.</note>



<hw>A*cid"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to

<xex>basic</xex>.</def>



<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid,

as <xex>an acidic solution</xex>. -->



<hw>Ac`id*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidus</ets> sour + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or yielding an acid.</def>



<hw>A*cid"i*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.</def>



<hw>Ac`id*if"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Producing

acidity; converting into an acid.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>acidification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or process of

acidifying, or changing into an acid.</def>



<hw>A*cid"i*fi`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A simple or compound principle, whose

presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine,

bromine, iodine, etc.</def>



<hw>A*cid"i*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acidified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acidifying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acidus</ets> sour, acid

+ <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acidifier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make acid; to convert into an acid; <as>as, to

<ex>acidify</ex> sugar</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sour; to imbitter.</def>



<q>His thin existence all <qex>acidified</qex> into rage.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Ac`id*im"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for ascertaining the

strength of acids.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ac`id*im"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidus</ets> acid + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The measurement of the strength of acids,

especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical

combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a

certain definite weight of reagent is required.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ac`id*i*met"ric*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*cid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidites</ets>, fr. <ets>acidus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>acidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Acid</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality

of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste;

<as>as, the <ex>acidity</ex> of lemon juice</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"id*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Sourly;

tartly.</def>



<hw>Ac"id*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acidity;

sourness.</def>



<hw>A*cid"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acidulated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acidulating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>aciduler</ets>. See

<er>Acidulous</er>.]</ety> <def>To make sour or acid in a

moderate degree; to sour somewhat.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>A*cid"u*lent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an

acid quality; sour; acidulous.</def> \'bdWith anxious,

<xex>acidulent</xex> face.\'b8



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>A*cid"u*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acidulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>acidus</ets>. See Acid.]</ety>

<def>Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; <as>as, an

<ex>acidulous</ex> tincture</as>.</def>



<au>E. Burke.</au>



<cs><col>Acidulous mineral waters</col>, <cd>such as contain

carbonic anhydride.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac`i*er*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aci\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>acier</ets> steel.]</ety>

<def>The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a

stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic

electricity; steeling.</def>



<hw>Ac"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like a needle.</def>



<hw>Ac"i*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like

them.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*cin"a*ces</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

from Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Hist.)</fld> <def>A short sword

or saber.</def>



<hw>Ac`i*nac"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acinaces</ets> a short sword + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>acinaciforme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Scimeter-shaped; <as>as, an <ex>acinaciform</ex>

leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`i*ne"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Akinesia</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`i*ne"t\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ immovable.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are

stationary. See <er>Suctoria</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`i*net"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Acinet\'91</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the Acinet\'91.</def>



<hw>A*cin"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acinus</ets> a grape, grapestone + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>acinoforme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form of

a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of small kernels like a grape.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac"i*nose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac"i*nous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>acinosus</ets>,

fr. acinus grapestone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of

<xex>acini</xex>, or minute granular concretions; <as>as,

<ex>acinose</ex> or <ex>acinous</ex> glands</as>.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<-- p. 16 -->



<hw>\'d8Ac"i*nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acini</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., grape,

grapestone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some

kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A grapestone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the granular masses

which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas;

also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose

gland.</def>



<au>Quain.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac`i*pen"ser</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

the name of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed

with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head.

See <er>Sturgeon</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac"i*ur`gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

point + <?/ work.]</ety> <def>Operative surgery.</def>



<hw>Ac*know"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>know</ets>; AS.

<ets>oncn\'bewan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

recognize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdYou will not be

<xex>acknown</xex>, sir.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acknowledge; to confess.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>To be acknown</col> (often with <xex>of<xex> or

<xex>on<xex>), <cd>to acknowledge; to confess.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<q>We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying

of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He

will not <qex>be acknown</qex> of his fault.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<hw>Ac*knowl"edge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acknowledged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acknowledging</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. fr. pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

the verb <ets>knowledge</ets>. See <er>Knowledge</er>, and

<er>ci</er>. <er>Acknow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To of or

admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to

declare one's belief in; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> the

being of a God</as>.</def>



<q>I <qex>acknowledge</qex> my transgressions.</q>

<qau>Ps. li. 3.</qau>



<q>For ends generally <qex>acknowledged</qex> to be good.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To own or recognize in a particular character or

relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give

recognition to.</def>



<q>In all thy ways <qex>acknowledge</qex> Him.</q>

<qau>Prov. iii. 6.</qau>



<q>By my soul, I'll ne'er <qex>acknowledge</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an

obligation; <as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex> a favor, the receipt

of a letter</as>.</def>



<q>They his gifts <qex>acknowledged</qex> none.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal

instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form;

<as>as, to <ex>acknowledge</ex>a deed</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow;

concede; confess.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Acknowledge</er>,

<er>Recognize</er>. <xex>Acknowledge</xex> is opposed to

<xex>keep back</xex>, or <xex>conceal</xex>, and supposes that

something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to

others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus,

a man <xex>acknowledges</xex> a secret marriage; one who has done

wrong <xex>acknowledges</xex> his fault; and author

<xex>acknowledges</xex> his obligation to those who have aided

him; we <xex>acknowledge</xex> our ignorance.

<xex>Recognize</xex> supposes that we have either forgotten or

not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but

that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on

the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we

<xex>recognize</xex> a friend after a long absence. We

<xex>recognize</xex> facts, principles, truths, etc., when their

evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually

<xex>recognize</xex> the providence of God in seasons of danger.

A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is

<xex>recognized</xex> on the ground of his producing satisfactory

credentials.  See also <er>Confess</er>.</usage>



<hw>Ac*knowl"edged*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Confessedly.</def>



<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

acknowledges.</def>



<hw>Ac*knowl"edg*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal;

owning; confession.</def> \'bdAn <xex>acknowledgment</xex> of

fault.\'b8



<au>Froude.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of owning or recognized in a particular

character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence,

authority, truth, or genuineness.</def>



<q>Immediately upon the <qex>acknowledgment</qex> of the

Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The owning of a benefit received; courteous

recognition; expression of thanks.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something given or done in return for a favor,

message, etc.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to

give it legal validity; <as>as, the <ex>acknowledgment</ex> of a

deed before a proper officer</as>. Also, the certificate of the

officer attesting such declaration.</def>



<cs><col>Acknowledgment money</col>, <cd>in some parts of

England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their

landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.</cd>



<au>Cowell.</au>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission;

avowal; recognizance.</syn>



<hw>A*clin"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ to incline.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>Without

inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances

itself horizontally, having no dip.  The <xex>aclinic line</xex>

is also termed the <xex>magnetic equator</xex>.</def>



<au>Prof. August.</au>



<hw>Ac"me</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ point,

top.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The top or highest point; the

culmination.</def>



<q>The very <qex>acme</qex> and pitch of life for epic

poetry.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The moment when a certain power reaches the <qex>acme</qex> of

its supremacy.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The crisis or height of a

disease.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Mature age; full bloom of life.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ac"ne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., prob. a

corruption of Gr. <?/]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A pustular

affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous

glands.</def>



<hw>Ac*no"dal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

acnodes.</def>



<hw>Ac"node</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acus</ets> needle + E. <ets>node</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An isolated point not upon a curve, but

whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it

is considered as belonging to the curve.</def>



<hw>A*cock"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a cocked or

turned up fashion.</def>



<hw>A*cock"bill`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Prefix

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cock + bill</ets>: with bills cocked

up.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hanging at the

cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.</def>



<hw>A*cold"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prob. p. p. of

OE. <ets>acolen</ets> to grow cold or cool, AS.

<ets>\'bec\'d3lian</ets> to grow cold; pref. <ets>a-</ets> (cf.

Goth. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) +

<ets>c\'d3lian</ets> to cool. See <er>Cool</er>.]</ety>

<def>Cold.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdPoor Tom's

<xex>acold</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac`o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to acology.</def>



<hw>A*col"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

remedy + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Materia medica; the

science of remedies.</def>



<hw>A*col"o*thist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Acolythist</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`o*lyc"tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

name of the plant.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic

base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from <xex>Aconitum

lycoctonum</xex>.</def>



<au>Eng. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ac`o*lyte</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>acolythus</ets>, <ets>acoluthus</ets>, Gr. <?/ following,

attending: cf. F. <ets>acolyte</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One who has received the

highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being

ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the

Mass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who attends; an assistant.</def> \'bdWith

such chiefs, and with James and John as <xex>acolytes</xex>.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>Ac"o*lyth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Acolyte</er>.</def>



<hw>A*col"y*thist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

acolyte.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*cond"dy*lose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*con"dy*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>

<def>Being without joints; jointless.</def>



<hw>Ac`o*ni"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of aconite.</def>



<hw>Ac"o*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aconitum</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aconit</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The herb wolfsbane, or

monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus

<spn>Aconitum</spn> (tribe <spn>Hellebore</spn>), all the species

of which are poisonous.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extract or tincture obtained from

<xex>Aconitum napellus</xex>, used as a poison and

medicinally.</def>



<cs><col>Winter aconite</col>, <cd>a plant <spn>(Eranthis

hyemalis)</spn> allied to the aconites.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ac`o*ni"ti*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Aconitine</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`o*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to aconite.</def>



<hw>A*con"i*tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An intensely poisonous alkaloid,

extracted from aconite.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`o*ni"tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Aconite</er>.]</ety> <def>The poisonous herb aconite; also,

an extract from it.</def>



<q>Strong

As <qex>aconitum</qex> or rash gunpowder.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*con"ti*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ a little dart.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Threadlike defensive organs, composed

largely of nettling cells (<xex>cnid\'91</xex>), thrown out of

the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when

irritated.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*con"ti*as</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, dim. <?/ dart.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Anciently, a snake, called <xex>dart

snake</xex>; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to

the lizards.</def>



<hw>A*cop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> priv. + <?/ striking. weariness, <?/ to

strike.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving weariness;

restorative.</def>



<hw>A"corn</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91cern</ets>, fr. <ets>\'91cer</ets> field, acre; akin to

D. <ets>aker</ets> acorn, Ger. <ets>ecker</ets>, Icel.

<ets>akarn</ets>, Dan. <ets>agern</ets>, Goth. <ets>akran</ets>

fruit, <ets>akrs</ets> field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See

<er>Acre</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fruit of the oak,

being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A cone-shaped piece of wood

on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the

mast-head.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Acorn-shell</er>.</def>



<hw>A"corn cup</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> The involucre or cup in

which the acorn is fixed.</def>



<hw>A"corned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Furnished or loaded with acorns.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fed or filled with acorns.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A"corn-shell`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the sessile cirripeds; a

barnacle of the genus <spn>Balanus</spn>. See

<er>Barnacle</er>.</def>



<hw>A*cos"mism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ world.]</ety> <def>A denial of the existence of the

universe as distinct from God.</def>



<hw>A*cos"mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Acosmism</er>.]</ety> <def>One who denies the existence of

the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.</def>



<au>G. H. Lewes.</au>



<hw>A*cot`y*le"don</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anything cup-shaped. See

<er>Cotyledon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which

has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.</def>



<hw>A*cot`y*led"on*ous</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants

which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.</def>



<hw>A*cou"chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acouchi</ets>, from the native name Guiana.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small species of agouti

<spn>(Dasyprocta acouchy)</spn>.</def>



<hw>A*cou"me*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of

hearing.</def>



<au>Itard.</au>



<hw>A*cou"me*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to hear + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The measuring of the

power or extent of hearing.</def>



<hw>A*cous"tic</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acoustique</ets>, Gr. <?/ relating to hearing, fr. <?/ to

hear.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs

of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.</def>



<cs><col>Acoustic duct</col>, <cd>the auditory duct, or external

passage of the ear.</cd> -- <col>Acoustic telegraph</col>, <cd>a

telegraph making audible signals; a telephone.</cd> --

<col>Acoustic vessels</col>, <cd>brazen tubes or vessels, shaped

like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the

actors, so as to render them audible to a great

distance.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*cous"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine or agent to

assist hearing.</def>



<hw>A*cous"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to acoustics.</def>



<hw>A*cous"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

relation to sound or to hearing.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>Ac`ous*ti"cian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in acoustics.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>A*cous"tics</hw> <pr>(#; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Names

of sciences in <ets>-ics</ets>, as, <ets>acoustics</ets>,

<ets>mathematics</ets>, etc., are usually treated as singular.

See <er>-ics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics.)</fld> <def>The science

of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.</def>



<q><qex>Acoustics</qex>, then, or the science of sound, is a very

considerable branch of physics.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Herschel.</qau>



<note><hand/ The science is, by some writers, divided, into

<xex>diacoustics</xex>, which explains the properties of sounds

coming directly from the ear; and <xex>catacoustica</xex>, which

treats of reflected sounds or echoes.</note>



<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acoint</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Acquainted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac*quaint"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Acquainted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Acquainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aqueinten</ets>, <ets>acointen</ets>, OF.

<ets>acointier</ets>, LL. <ets>adcognitare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad

+ cognitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>cognoscere</ets> to know;

<ets>con-</ets> + <ets>noscere</ets> to know. See

<er>Quaint</er>, <er>Know</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know;

to make familiar; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be

<qex>acquainted</qex> with it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>A man of sorrows and <qex>acquainted</qex> with grief.</q>

<qau>Isa. liii. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To communicate notice to; to inform; to make

cognizant; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> (formerly, also, by

<xex>of</xex>), or by <xex>that</xex>, introducing the

intelligence; <as>as, to <ex>acquaint</ex> a friend with the

particulars of an act</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Acquaint</qex> her here of my son Paris' love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I must <qex>acquaint</qex> you that I have received

New dated letters from Northumberland.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To familiarize; to accustom.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<cs><col>To be acquainted with</col>, <cd>to be possessed of

personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less

familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse

with.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.</syn>



<hw>Ac*quaint"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>acointable</ets>]</ety>. <def>Easy to be acquainted

with; affable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Ac*quaint"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aqueintance</ets>, OF. <ets>acointance</ets>, fr.

<ets>acointier</ets>. See <er>Acquaint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more

than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained

by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; <as>as, I

know the man; but have no <ex>acquaintance</ex> with

him.</as></def>



<q>Contract no friendship, or even <qex>acquaintance</qex>, with

a guileful man.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Jones.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person or persons with whom one is

acquainted.</def>



<q>Montgomery was an old <qex>acquaintance</qex> of Ferguson.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this sense the collective term

<xex>acquaintance</xex> was formerly both singular and plural,

but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural

<xex>acquaintances</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>To be of acquaintance</col>, <cd>to be intimate.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To take acquaintance of</col> or

<col>with</col></mcol>, <cd>to make the acquaintance of.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Acquaintance</er>, <er>Familiarity</er>,

<er>Intimacy</er>. These words mark different degrees of

closeness in social intercourse. <xex>Acquaintance</xex> arises

from occasional intercourse; as, our <xex>acquaintance</xex> has

been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate

<xex>acquaintance</xex>. <xex>Familiarity</xex> is the result of

continued <xex>acquaintance</xex>. It springs from persons being

frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve;

as, the <xex>familiarity</xex> of old companions.

<xex>Intimacy</xex> is the result of close connection, and the

freest interchange of thought; as, the <xex>intimacy</xex> of

established friendship.</usage>



<q>Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer

<qex>acquaintance</qex> with him.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>We contract at last such a <qex>familiarity</qex> with them as

makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>It is in our power to confine our friendships and

<qex>intimacies</qex> to men of virtue.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<hw>Ac*quaint"ance*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being

acquainted; acquaintance.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Ac*quaint"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>acointant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An acquaintance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Ac*quaint"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Personally known;

familiar. See <cref>To be acquainted with</cref>, under

<er>Acquaint</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Ac*quaint"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

acquainted; degree of acquaintance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ac*quest"</hw> (#), <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aquest</ets>, F. <ets>acqu\'88t</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>acquestum</ets>, <ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, for L.

<ets>acquis\'c6tum</ets>, p. p. (used substantively) of

<ets>acquirere</ets> to acquire. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Acquisition; the thing gained.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property acquired by purchase,

gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ac`qui*esce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acquiesced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acquiescing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquiescere</ets>;

<ets>ad + quiescere</ets> to be quiet, fr. <ets>quies</ets> rest:

cf. F. <ets>acquiescer</ets>. See <er>Quiet</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or

to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying

previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by

silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by <xex>in</xex>,

formerly also by <xex>with</xex> and <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>They were compelled to <qex>acquiesce</qex> in a government

which they did not regard as just.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To concur upon conviction; <as>as, to

<ex>acquiesce</ex> in an opinion</as>; to assent to; usually, to

concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent;

accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.</syn>



<hw>Ac`qui*es"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>acquiescence</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A silent or passive assent or submission, or a

submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed

consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or

open discontent; quiet satisfaction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Submission

to an injury by the party injured.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Tacit

concurrence in the action of another.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<au>p. 17</au>



<hw>Ac`qui*es"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.</def>



<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acquiescens</ets>, <ets>-<?/entis</ets>; p. pr.]</ety>

<def>Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit;

assentive; <as>as, an <ex>acquiescent</ex> policy</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac`qui*es"cent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

acquiescent manner.</def>



<hw>Ac*qui"et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>acquietare</ets>; L. <ets>ad + quies</ets> rest. See

<er>Quiet</er> and cf. <er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <def>To

quiet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Acquiet</qex> his mind from stirring you against your own

peace.</q>



<au>Sir A. Sherley.</au>



<hw>Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being acquirable; attainableness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Paley.</au>



<hw>Ac*quir"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being acquired.</def>



<hw>Ac*quire"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Acquired</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Acquiring</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>acquirere</ets>,

<ets>acquisitum</ets>; <ets>ad + quarere</ets> to seek for. In

OE. was a verb <ets>aqueren</ets>, fr. the same, through OF.

<ets>aquerre</ets>. See <er>Quest</er>..]</ety> <def>To gain,

usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; <as>as, to

<ex>acquire</ex> a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad

habits</as>.</def>



<q>No virtue is <qex>acquired</qex> in an instant, but step by

step.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his

ancestor, <qex>acquires</qex> his estate, by right of

representation, as his heir at law.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure.

See <er>Obtain</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ac*quire"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.</def>

\'bdRules for the <xex>acquirement</xex> of a taste.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>His <qex>acquirements</qex> by industry were . . . enriched

and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acquisition</er>, <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn>

<usage> <xex>Acquirement</xex> is used in opposition to a natural

gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting,

are <xex>acquirements</xex>; genius is the gift or endowment of

nature. It denotes especially <xex>personal</xex> attainments, in

opposition to material or external things gained, which are more

usually called <xex>acquisitions</xex>; but this distinction is

not always observed.</usage>



<hw>Ac*quir"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person who

acquires.</def>



<hw>Ac*quir"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Acquirement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Ac"qui*site</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acquisitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acquirere</ets>. See

<er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Ac`qui*si"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acquisitio</ets>, fr. <ets>acquirere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>acquisition</ets>. See <er>Acquire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of acquiring.</def>



<q>The <qex>acquisition</qex> or loss of a province.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a

gain; <as>as, learning is an <ex>acquisition</ex></as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Acquirement</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Acquired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He died not in his <qex>acquisitive</qex>, but in his native

soil.</q>

<qau>Wotton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Able or disposed to make acquisitions;

acquiring; <as>as, an <ex>acquisitive</ex> person or

disposition</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the way of

acquisition.</def>



<hw>Ac*quis"i*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property;

desire of possession.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>The faculty to which the

phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and

possessing.</def>



<au>Combe.</au>



<hw>Ac*quis"i*tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

acquires.</def>



<hw>Ac*quist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Acquest</er>.]</ety> <def>Acquisition; gain.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*quit"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Acquitted;

set free; rid of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*quit"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Acquitted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Acquitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aquiten</ets>,

OF. <ets>aquiter</ets>, F. <ets>acquitter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets>

(L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>quiter</ets>, F.

<ets>quitter</ets>, to quit. See <er>Quit</er>, and cf.

<er>Acquiet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To discharge, as a

claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.</def>



<q>A responsibility that can never be absolutely

<qex>acquitted</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pay for; to atone for.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set free, release or discharge from an

obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or

charge; -- now followed by <xex>of</xex> before the charge,

formerly by <xex>from</xex>; <as>as, the jury <ex>acquitted</ex>

the prisoner; we <ex>acquit</ex> a man of evil

intentions.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Reflexively: <sd>(a)</sd> To clear one's

self.<xex>k</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> To bear or conduct one's self; to

perform one's part; <as>as, the soldier <ex>acquitted</ex>

himself well in battle; the orator <ex>acquitted</ex> himself

very poorly.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate;

release; discharge. See <er>Absolve</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ac*quit"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>aquitement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acquittal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ac*quit"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation;

acquittance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A setting free, or deliverance

from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence

of a court.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aquitance</ets>, fr. <ets>aquiter</ets>. See

<er>Acquit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The clearing off of debt

or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other

liability.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a

receipt in full, which bars a further demand.</def>



<q>You can produce <qex>acquittances</qex>

For such a sum, from special officers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ac*quit"tance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To acquit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*quit"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

acquits or releases.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*cra"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ skull.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Partial or total absence of the

skull.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest

group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull

exists.</def>



<hw>A*cra"ni*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wanting a

skull.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*crase"</hw>, <hw>A*craze"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>crase</ets>; or cf. F. <ets>\'82craser</ets> to crush. See

<er>Crase</er>, <er>Craze</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To craze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grafton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impair; to destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hacket.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*cra"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac"ra*sy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<grk>akrasia</grk>.]</ety> <def>Excess; intemperance.</def>

<mark>[Obs. except in <xex>Med</xex>.]</mark>



<au>Farindon.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*cras"pe*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ border.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of acalephs, including most of

the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.</def>



<hw>A"cre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aker</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91cer</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>accar</ets>, OHG. <ets>achar</ets>, Ger. <ets>acker</ets>,

Icel. <ets>akr</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86ker</ets>, Dan.

<ets>ager</ets>, Goth. <ets>akrs</ets>, L. <ets>ager</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>ajra</ets>. \'fb2, 206.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any field of arable or pasture land.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or

4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English

statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch

<xex>acre</xex> was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62

of the English.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>acre</xex> was limited to its present

definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and

Henry VIII.</note>



<cs><col>Broad acres</col>, <cd>many acres, much landed estate.

<mark>[Rhetorical]</mark></cd> -- <col>God's acre</col>,

<cd>God's field; the churchyard.</cd></cs>



<q>I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls



The burial ground, <qex>God's acre</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>A"cre*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of an acre;

per acre; <as>as, the <ex>acreable</ex> produce</as>.</def>



<hw>A"cre*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acres

collectively; <as>as, the <ex>acreage</ex> of a farm or a

country</as>.</def>



<hw>A"cred</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Possessing acres

or landed property; -- used in composition; <as>as,

large-<ex>acred</ex> men</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"rid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acer</ets> sharp; prob. assimilated in form to

<ets>acid</ets>. See <er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent;

<as>as, <ex>acrid</ex> salts</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; <as>as,

<ex>acrid</ex> secretions</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; <as>as,

<ex>acrid</ex> temper, mind, writing</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Acrid poison</col>, <cd>a poison which irritates,

corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*crid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac"rid*ness</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; <as>as, the

<ex>acridity</ex> of a plant, of a speech</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"rid*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an acid

manner.</def>



<hw>Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>acrimonious</ets>, F. <ets>acrimonieux</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Acrid; corrosive; <as>as, <ex>acrimonious</ex>

gall</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; <as>as,

<ex>acrimonious</ex> dispute, language, temper</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

acrimonious manner.</def>



<hw>Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.</def>



<hw>Ac"ri*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acrimonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>acrimonia</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets>, sharp: cf. F.

<ets>acrimonie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A quality of bodies

which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting

sharpness; <as>as, the <ex>acrimony</ex> of the juices of certain

plants</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper;

irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.</def>



<q>John the Baptist set himself with much <qex>acrimony</qex> and

indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of

theirs.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Acrimony</er>, <er>Asperity</er>,

<er>Harshness</er>, <er>Tartness</er>.</syn> <usage> These words

express different degrees of angry feeling or language.

<xex>Asperity</xex> and <xex>harshness</xex> arise from angry

feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others.

<xex>Harshness</xex> usually denotes needless severity or an

undue measure of severity. <xex>Acrimony</xex> is a biting

sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. <xex>Tartness</xex>

denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual

readiness. <xex>Tartness</xex> of reply; <xex>harshness</xex> of

accusation; <xex>acrimony</xex> of invective.</usage>



<q>In his official letters he expressed, with great

<qex>acrimony</qex>, his contempt for the king's character.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>It is no very cynical <qex>asperity</qex> not to confess

obligations where no benefit has been received.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of

<qex>harshness</qex> and brutality.</q>

<qau>Shaftesbury.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*cris"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac"ri*sy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>acrisia</ets>,

Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate, to decide.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Inability to judge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Undecided character of a

disease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ac"ri*ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ indiscernible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to

distinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lowest groups

of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.</def>



<hw>Ac"ri*tan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Acrita. --

<pos>n.</pos> An individual of the Acrita.</def>



<hw>Ac"rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Acritan.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>A*crit"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ critical.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having no

crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; <as>as,

<ex>acritical</ex> symptoms, an <ex>acritical</ex>

abscess</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ undistinguishable; <?/ priv. + <?/ to separate,

distinguish + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Color blindness;

achromatopsy.</def>



<hw>Ac"ri*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acritudo</ets>, from <ets>acer</ets> sharp.]</ety>

<def>Acridity; pungency joined with heat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acritas</ets>, fr. <ets>acer</ets> sharp: cf. F.

<ets>\'83cret\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sharpness; keenness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Communicated orally;

oral; -- applied to the <xex>esoteric</xex> teachings of

Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in

distinction from his <xex>exoteric</xex> doctrines, which were

adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse;

profound.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*at"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to hear.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Acroamatic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*bat</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acrobate</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ walking on tiptoe, climbing

aloft; <?/ high + <?/ to go.]</ety> <def>One who practices rope

dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*bat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>acrobatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an

acrobat.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ac"ro*bat*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Feats of

the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

extreme, highest + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having a terminal fructification; having the

fruit at the end of the stalk.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the

fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain

mosses.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ highest + <?/. See <er>Cephalic</er>.]</ety>

<def>Characterized by a high skull.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Loftiness of skull.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acroceraunius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ high, n. pl. <?/ heights +

<?/ thunderbolt.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the high

mountain range of \'bdthunder-smitten\'b8 peaks (now Kimara),

between Epirus and Macedonia.</def>



<au>Shelley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ finger.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The upper surface of the toes,

individually.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*dont</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

summit + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the

top of the alveolar ridge. -- <xex>a</xex>. Of or pertaining to

the acrodonts.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>



<hw>Ac"ro*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

extreme, high + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns,

etc. See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>



<cs><col>The Age of Acrogens</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the

age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ac*rog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing by growth from the extremity;

<as>as, an <ex>acrogenous</ex> plant</as>.</def>



<hw>A*cro"le*in</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acer</ets> sharp + <ets>ol\'c7re</ets> to smell.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A limpid, colorless, highly volatile

liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the

destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its

vapors are intensely irritating.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Ac"ro*lith</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acrolthus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> with the ends made of

stone; <?/ extreme + <?/ stone.]</ety> <fld>(Arch. &

Sculp.)</fld> <def>A statue whose extremities are of stone, the

trunk being generally of wood.</def>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*crol"i*than</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ac`ro*lith"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*meg"a*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>acromegalia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ point, peak + <?/, <?/,

big.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Chronic enlargement of the

extremities and face.</def>



<hw>A*cro"mi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>acromial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the acromion.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*cro"mi*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ shoulder: cf. F.

<ets>acromion</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The outer

extremity of the shoulder blade.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ extreme + <?/ alone + <?/ a letter.]</ety>

<def>Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with

which the preceding verse ends.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*cron"yc</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*cron"ych*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ at nightfall;

<?/ + <?/ night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Rising at

sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to

<xex>cosmical</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is sometimes incorrectly written

<xex>acronical</xex>, <xex>achronychal</xex>,

<xex>acronichal</xex>, and <xex>acronical</xex>.</note>



<hw>A*cron"yc*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an acronycal

manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and <xex>vise

vers\'83</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*nyc"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ + <?/, <?/, night.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>Acronycal.</def>



<hw>A*crook"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Crookedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>A*crop"e*tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

summit + L. <ets>petere</ets> to seek.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Developing from below towards the apex, or from the

circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain

inflorescence.</def>



<hw>A*chroph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

extreme + <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>The use of a picture symbol of

an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name

of the object.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ro*po"di*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ topmost + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The entire upper surface of the foot.</def>



<hw>A*crop"o*lis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ extreme + <?/ city.]</ety> <def>The upper part, or the

citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of

Athens.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*pol"i*tan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an acropolis.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/ anything twisted.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The sprout at

the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in

germination; -- so called from its spiral form.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*spire</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To put forth the

first sprout.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*spore</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne at the

extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*spor"ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

acrospores.</def>



<hw>A*cross"</hw> <pr>(#; 115)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>cross</ets>: cf. F. <ets>en croix</ets>. See

Cross, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>From side to side; athwart;

crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over;

<as>as, a bridge laid <ex>across</ex> a river</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>To come across</col>, <cd>to come upon or meet

incidentally. <xex>Freeman<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To go across the

country</col>, <cd>to go by a direct course across a region

without following the roads.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*cross"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>From side to

side; crosswise; <as>as, with arms folded

<ex>across</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The squint-eyed Pharisees look <qex>across</qex> at all the

actions of Christ.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ extreme + <?/ order, line, verse.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A composition, usually in verse, in which the

first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters,

taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas

begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm

cxix.). See <er>Abecedarian</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Double acrostic</col>, <cd>a species of enigma<--

crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose

initial and final letters form other words.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*cros"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*cros"ti*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

characterized by, acrostics.</def>



<hw>A*cros"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>After the manner

of an acrostic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ro*tar"si*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ topmost + <?/ tarsus.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The instep or front of the

tarsus.</def>





<-- p.  18 -->



<hw>Ac`ro*te*leu"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ extreme + <?/ end.]</ety> <fld>(Eccles.)</fld> <def>The end

of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by

the people, by way of a response.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>acrot\'8are</ets>. See <er>Acroterium</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Acroterium</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`ro*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an acroterium; <as>as, ornaments</as>.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ro*te`ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Acrotplwia</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/

summit, fr. <?/ topmost.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments,

placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment.

Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic

architecture.</def> <au>J. H. Parker</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One

of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof

balustrade.</def>



<hw>A*crot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ an

extreme, fr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or

affecting the surface.</def>



<hw>Ac"ro*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ a rattling, beating.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Lack or defect of pulsation.</def>



<hw>A*crot"o*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

cut off sharp; <?/ extreme + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Having a cleavage parallel with the base.</def>



<hw>A*cryl"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of or containing <xex>acryl</xex>, the hypothetical radical

of which acrolein is the hydride; <as>as, <ex>acrylic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Act</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>actus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to drive, do: cf. F.

<ets>acte</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of

which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.</def>



<q>That best portion of a good man's life,

His little, nameless, unremembered <qex>acts</qex>

Of kindness and of love.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The result of public

deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative

body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law,

judgment, resolve, award; <as>as, an <ex>act</ex> of Parliament,

or of Congress</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A formal solemn

writing, expressing that something has been done.</def>

<au>Abbott</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A performance of part of a

play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work

in which a certain definite part of the action is

completed.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A thesis maintained in public,

in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to

show the proficiency of a student.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of reality or real existence as opposed

to a possibility or possible existence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The seeds of plants are not at first in <qex>act</qex>, but in

possibility, what they afterward grow to be.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Process of doing; action. <xex>In act</xex>, in

the very doing; on the point of (doing).</def> \'bd<xex>In

act</xex> to shoot.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>This woman was taken . . . in the very <qex>act</qex>.</q>

<qau>John viii. 4.</qau>



<cs><col>Act of attainder</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Attainder</er>.</cd> -- <col>Act of bankruptcy</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an act of a debtor which renders him liable

to be adjudged a bankrupt.</cd> -- <col>Act of faith</col>.

<fld>(Ch. Hist.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Auto-da-F\'82</er>.</cd> --

<col>Act of God</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an inevitable

accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of

events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which

ordinary prudence could not guard.</cd> --  <col>Act of

grace</col>, <cd>an expression often used to designate an act

declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the

beginning of a new reign.</cd> -- <col>Act of indemnity</col>,

<cd>a statute passed for the protection of those who have

committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.</cd>

<au>Abbott</au>. -- <col>Act in pais</col>, <cd>a thing done out

of court (anciently, in <xex>the country<xex>), and not a matter

of record.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Action</er>.</syn>



<hw>Act</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Acted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Acting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>agere</ets> to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E.

<ets>act</ets>, n.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move to action; to

actuate; to animate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Self-love, the spring of motion, <qex>acts</qex> the soul.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform; to execute; to do.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>That we <qex>act</qex> our temporal affairs with a desire no

greater than our necessity.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of

<qex>acting</qex> things expedient for us to do.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>Uplifted hands that at convenient times

Could <qex>act</qex> extortion and the worst of crimes.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perform, as an actor; to represent

dramatically on the stage.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To assume the office or character of; to play;

to personate; <as>as, to <ex>act</ex> the hero</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.</def>



<q>With <qex>acted</qex> fear the villain thus pursued.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To act a part</col>, <cd>to sustain the part of one of

the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.</cd>

-- <col>To act the part of</col>, <cd>to take the character of;

to fulfill the duties of.</cd></cs>



<hw>Act</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exert power;

to produce an effect; <as>as, the stomach <ex>acts</ex> upon

food</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put

forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry

into effect a determination of the will.</def>



<q>He hangs between, in doubt to <qex>act</qex> or rest.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To behave or conduct, as in morals, private

duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; <as>as,

we know not why he has <ex>acted</ex> so</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To perform on the stage; to represent a

character.</def>



<q>To show the world how Garrick did not <qex>act</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To act as</col> <or/ <col>for</col>, <cd>to do the

work of; to serve as.</cd> -- <col>To act on</col>, <cd>to

regulate one's conduct according to.</cd> -- <col>To act up

to</col>, <cd>to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; <as>as,

he has <ex>acted up to<ex> his engagement or his

advantages</as>.</cd><-- to act up, to misbehave --></cs>



<hw>Act"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being acted.</def>



<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ac"ti*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.</def>



<au>L. Agassiz.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ti*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have

simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a

wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria,

whether forming corals or not.</def>



<hw>Act"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Operating in any way.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Doing duty for another; officiating; <as>as, an 

 superintendent</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*tin"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Actini\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, E. <plw>Actinias</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, ray.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An animal of the class

Anthozoa, and family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.  From a resemblance

to flowers in form and color, they are often called

<altname>animal flowers</altname> and <altname>sea

anemones</altname>. [See <er>Polyp</er>.].</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A genus in the family <spn>Actinid\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to actinism; <as>as, <ex>actinic</ex> rays</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a radiated form,

like a sea anemone.</def>



<hw>Ac"tin*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/ ray.]</ety> <def>The property of radiant energy (found

chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are

produced, as in photography.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A supposed metal, said

by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called

because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to

light.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Chemistry in its relations to actinism.</def>



<au>Draper.</au>



<hw>Ac*tin"o*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

measuring and recording the variations in the <xex>actinic</xex>

or chemical force of rays of light.</def>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>Ac"tin*oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of rays;

radiated, as an actinia.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"o*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or

columnar masses.</def>



<hw>Ac`tin*o*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of, or containing,

actinolite.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which

treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical

rays.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"o*mere</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

radial segments composing the body of one of the

C\'d2lenterata.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, ray + <ets>-meter</ets>]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An

instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's

rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An instrument for measuring the

actinic effect of rays of light.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*no*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar

rays, either <it>(a)</it> heating, or <it>(b)</it> actinic.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*nom"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The measurement of the force of solar radiation.</def>



<au>Maury.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The measurement of the chemical or actinic

energy of light.</def>



<au>Abney.</au>



<hw>Ac`ti*noph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, ray + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <def>Having straight

projecting spines.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"o*some</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

ray + <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire body

of a c\'d2lenterate.</def>



<hw>Ac"tin*ost</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, ray + <?/ bone.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) One of the bones at the

base of a paired fin of a fish.</def>



<hw>Ac*tin"o*stome</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate

animal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac`ti*not"ro*cha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray + <?/ a ring.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar larval form of

<xex>Phoronis</xex>, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of

ciliated tentacles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, ray + <?/ animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising

the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a

familiar example.</def>



<hw>Ac`ti*no*zo"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Actinozoa.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Actinozoa.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ac*tin"u*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a ray.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (<spn>Tubularia</spn>),

having a stellate form.</def>



<hw>Ac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>action</ets>, L. <ets>actio</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to

do. See <er>Act</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A process or

condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of

something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on

another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another;

agency; activity; operation; <as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of heat;

a man of <ex>action</ex>.</as></def>



<q>One wise in council, one in <qex>action</qex> brave.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise.

<plu>(pl.)</plu>:    Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior;

demeanor.</def>



<q>The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him <qex>actions</qex>

are weighed.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. ii. 3.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The event or connected series of events, either

real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other

composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Movement; <as>as, the horse has a spirited

<ex>action</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Effective motion; also,

mechanism; <as>as, the breech <ex>action</ex> of a

gun</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any one of the active

processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function;

<as>as, the <ex>action</ex> of the heart, the muscles, or the

gastric juice</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Orat.)</fld> <def>Gesticulation; the external

deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice,

gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the

feelings.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>The attitude or

position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the

sentiment or passion depicted.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A suit or process,

by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a

broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or

protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or

the punishment of a public offense.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

right of action; <as>as, the law gives an <ex>action</ex> for

every claim</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld><def>A share in the capital stock

of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the

plural, equivalent to stocks.</def> <mark>[A Gallicism]</mark>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Euripus of funds and <qex>actions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>An engagement between troops in war, whether on

land or water; a battle; a fight; <as>as, a general

<ex>action</ex>, a partial <ex>action</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>The mechanical contrivance

by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is

transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an

organ pipe.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<cs><col>Chose in action</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Chose</er>.</cd> -- <col>Quantity of action</col>

<fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>the product of the mass of a body by

the space it runs through, and its velocity.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Action</er>, <er>Act</er>.</syn> <usage> In many

cases <xex>action</xex> and <xex>act</xex> are synonymous; but

some distinction is observable.  <xex>Action</xex> involves the

mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying

some time in doing. <xex>Act</xex> has more reference to the

effect, or the operation as complete.



<q>To poke the fire is an <qex>act</qex>, to reconcile friends

who have quarreled is a praiseworthy <qex>action</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>

</usage>



<hw>Ac"tion*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>actionabilis</ets>. See <er>Action</er>.]</ety> <def>That

may be the subject of an action or suit at law; <as>as, to call a

man a thief is <ex>actionable</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"tion*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an actionable

manner.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ac"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ac"tion*ist</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>actionnaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A

shareholder in joint-stock company.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Void of action.</def>



<hw>Ac"ti*vate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

active.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>actif</ets>, L. <ets>activus</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to

act.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the power or quality of

acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;

-- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>, that receives; <as>as, certain

<ex>active</ex> principles</as>; the powers of the mind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quick in physical movement; of an agile and

vigorous body; nimble; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> child or

animal</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Active</qex> and nervous was his gait.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In action; actually proceeding; working; in

force; -- opposed to <contr>quiescent</contr>,

<contr>dormant</contr>, or <contr>extinct</contr>; <as>as,

<ex>active</ex> laws; <ex>active</ex> hostilities; an

<ex>active</ex> volcano.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Given to action; constantly engaged in action;

energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to <xex>dull</xex>,

<xex>sluggish</xex>, <xex>indolent</xex>, or <xex>inert</xex>;

<as>as, an <ex>active</ex> man of business; <ex>active</ex> mind;

<ex>active</ex> zeal.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Requiring or implying action or exertion; --

opposed to <ant>sedentary</ant> or to <ant>tranquil</ant>;

<as>as, <ex>active</ex> employment or service; <ex>active</ex>

scenes.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Given to action rather than contemplation;

practical; operative; -- opposed to <ant>speculative</ant> or

<ant>theoretical</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> rather than a

speculative statesman</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Brisk; lively; <as>as, an <ex>active</ex> demand

for corn</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Implying or producing rapid action; <as>as, an

<ex>active</ex> disease; an <ex>active</ex> remedy.</as></def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied to a

form of the verb; -- opposed to <ant>passive</ant>. See

<cref>Active voice</cref>, under <er>Voice</er>. </def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Applied to verbs which assert that the subject

acts upon or affects something else; transitive.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>Applied to all verbs that express action as

distinct from mere <xex>existence</xex> or state.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Active capital</col>, <col>Active

wealth</col></mcol>, <cd>money, or property that may readily be

converted into money.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively;

quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.</syn>



<hw>Ac"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own

action; voluntarily, not passively.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>In an active signification;

<as>as, a word used   <ex>actively</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.</def>



<hw>Ac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Activities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr><plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>activit\'82</ets>, LL. <ets>activitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous

action or operation; energy; active force; <as>as, an increasing

variety of human <ex>activities</ex></as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>activity</xex> of toil.\'b8



<au>Palfrey.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.</syn>



<hw>Act"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without action

or spirit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac"ton</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aketon</ets>, <ets>auqueton</ets>, F. <ets>hoqueton</ets>, a

quilted jacket, fr. Sp. <ets>alcoton</ets>, <ets>algodon</ets>,

cotton. Cf. <er>Cotton</er>.]</ety> <def>A stuffed jacket worn

under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.</def>

<altsp>[Spelled also <asp>hacqueton</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ac"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>actor</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.</def>



<q>After a well graced <qex>actor</qex> leaves the stage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An advocate or

proctor in civil courts or causes.</def> <au>Jacobs</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or

complainant.</def>



<hw>Ac`tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>actrice</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A female actor or

doer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cockeram.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a

part.</def>



<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <pr>(#; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>actuel</ets>, F. <ets>actuel</ets>, L. <ets>actualis</ets>,

fr. <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Involving or comprising action; active.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her walking and other <qex>actual</qex> performances.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Let your holy and pious intention be <qex>actual</qex>; that

is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Existing in act or reality; really acted or

acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to <xex>potential</xex>,

<xex>possible</xex>, <xex>virtual</xex>, <xex>speculative</xex>,

<xex>coceivable</xex>, <xex>theoretical</xex>, or

<xex>nominal</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>actual</ex> cost of goods;

the <ex>actual</ex> case under discussion.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In action at the time being; now exiting;

present; as the <xex>actual</xex> situation of the country.</def>



<cs><col>Actual cautery</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cautery</er>.</cd> -- <col>Actual sin</col>

<fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of sin which is done by

ourselves in contradistinction to \'bd<xex>original

sin<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain.  See

<er>Real</er>.</syn>



<-- p. 19  -->



<hw>Ac"tu*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Finance)</fld> <def>Something actually received; real, as

distinct from estimated, receipts.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<q>The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real

receipts: not, in financial language, \'bd<qex>actuals</qex>,\'b8

but only Egyptian budget estimates.</q>

<qau>Fortnightly Review.</qau>



<hw>Ac"tu*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who deals with or

considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than

fancies or theories; -- opposed to <xex>idealist</xex>.</def>



<au>J. Grote.</au>



<hw>Ac`tu*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Actualities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>The state of

being actual; reality; <as>as, the <ex>actuality</ex> of God's

nature</as>.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

making actual or really existent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Ac"tu*al*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

actual; to realize in action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ac"tu*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Actively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNeither

<xex>actually</xex> . . . nor passively.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In act or in fact; really; in truth;

positively.</def>



<hw>Ac"tu*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

actual; actuality.</def>



<hw>Ac`tu*a"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to actuaries; <as>as, the <ex>actuarial</ex> value of

an annuity</as>.</def>



<hw>Ac"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Actuaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>actuarius</ets> copyist, clerk, fr. <ets>actus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>agere</ets> to do, act.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A registar or clerk; -- used originally in

courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk

or registar generally.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The computing official of an insurance company;

one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies

the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other

insurances.</def>



<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Actuated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Actuating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>actuare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> act.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into action or motion; to move or incite

to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more

commonly used of persons.</def>



<q>Wings, which others were contriving to <qex>actuate</qex> by

the perpetual motion.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition;

and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least

<qex>actuated</qex> by it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry out in practice; to perform.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo <xex>actuate</xex> what you

command.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate;

animate.</syn>



<hw>Ac"tu*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>actuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>actuare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put

in action; actuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Ac`tu*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>actuatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bringing into action;

movement.</def>



<au>Bp.  Pearson.</au>



<hw>Ac"tu*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

actuates, or puts into action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Melville.</au>



<hw>Ac"tu*ose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>actuosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Very active.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abundant

activity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Ac"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Action.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ac*tu"ri*ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A desid.

of L. <ets>agere</ets>, <ets>actum</ets>, to act.]</ety>

<def>Tendency or impulse to act.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Acturience</qex>, or desire of action, in one form or

another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the

imagination of something desirable.</q>

<qau>J. Grote.</qau>



<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <def>To sharpen; to make pungent;

to quicken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd[To] <xex>acuate</xex>

the blood.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Ac"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sharpened;

sharp-pointed.</def>



<hw>Ac`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

sharpening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ac`u*i"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acutus</ets>, as if <ets>acuitus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen.]</ety> <def>The act of

sharpening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>acuitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>acuit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.</def>



<hw>A*cu"le*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aculeatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aculeus</ets>, dim. of

<ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a

prickle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having prickles, or sharp

points; beset with prickles.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Severe or stinging; incisive.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*cu"le*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.</def>



<hw>A*cu"le*i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

prickle.</def>



<hw>A*cu"le*o*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aculeolus</ets> little needle.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having small prickles or sharp points.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*cu"le*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Aculeate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Sir T. Browne</au>.



<hw>\'d8A*cu"le*us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aculei</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., dim. of

<ets>acus</ets> needle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and

roses.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A sting.</def>



<hw>A*cu"men</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acumen</ets>, fr. <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen. Cf.

<er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickness of perception or

discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice

discrimination.</def>



<au>Selden.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness;

acuteness.</syn>



<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acuminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuminare</ets> to sharpen,

fr. <ets>acumen</ets>. See <er>Acumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Tapering

to a point; pointed; <as>as, <ex>acuminate</ex> leaves, teeth,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

render sharp or keen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdTo

<xex>acuminate</xex> even despair.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>A*cu"mi*nate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To end in, or come

to, a sharp point.</def> \'bd<xex>Acuminating</xex> in a cone of

prelacy.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*cu`mi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.</def>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<hw>A*cu"mi*nose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Terminating in a flat, narrow end.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>A*cu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by acumen; keen.</def>



<au>Highmore.</au>



<hw>Ac`u*pres"sure</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>premere</ets>, <ets>pressum</ets>,

to press.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A mode of arresting

hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by

passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are

left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.</def>



<au>Simpson.</au>



<hw>Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Acupuncture</er>.</def>



<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acus</ets> needle + <ets>punctura</ets> a pricking, fr.

<ets>pungere</ets> to prick: cf. F.

<ets>acuponcture</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pricking with a needle; a

needle prick</def>. Specifically <fld>(Med.)</fld>: <def>The

insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial

purposes.</def>



<hw>Ac`u*punc"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

treat with acupuncture.</def>



<hw>A*cus"tum*aunce</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Accustomance</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*cut"an`gu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Acute-angled.</def>



<hw>A*cute"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>acuere</ets> to sharpen, fr. a

root <ets>ak</ets> to be sharp. Cf. <er>Ague</er>, <er>Cute</er>,

<er>Edge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sharp at the end; ending

in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to <xex>blunt</xex> or

<xex>obtuse</xex>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex> angle; an

<ex>acute</ex> leaf.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having nice discernment; perceiving or using

minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to

<ant>dull</ant> or <ant>stupid</ant>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex>

observer; <ex>acute</ex> remarks, or reasoning.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to

slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen;

intense; <as>as, a man of <ex>acute</ex> eyesight, hearing, or

feeling; <ex>acute</ex> pain or pleasure.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound;

-- opposed to <xex>grave</xex> or <xex>low</xex>; <as>as, an

<ex>acute</ex> tone or accent</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Attended with symptoms of some

degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed

to <xex>chronic</xex>; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex>

disease</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Acute angle</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>an angle less

than a right angle.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating;

sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See

<er>Subtile</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*cute"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give an acute sound

to; <as>as, he <ex>acutes</ex> his rising inflection too

much</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Walker.</au>



<hw>A*cute"*an`gled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

acute angles; <as>as, an <ex>acute</ex>-<ex>angled</ex> triangle,

a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right

angle</as>.</def>



<hw>A*cute"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an acute manner;

sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.</def>



<hw>A*cute"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality

of being acute or pointed; sharpness; <as>as, the

<ex>acuteness</ex> of an angle</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The faculty of nice discernment or perception;

acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the

senses, or the understanding. By <xex>acuteness</xex> of feeling,

we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by

<xex>acuteness</xex> of intellect, we discern nice

distinctions.</def>



<q>Perhaps, also, he felt his professional <qex>acuteness</qex>

interested in bringing it to a successful close.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Violence of a disease, which

brings it speedily to a crisis.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity;

shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.</syn>



<hw>A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acutus</ets> sharp + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having sharp-pointed leaves.</def>



<hw>A*cu`ti*lo"bate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>acutus</ets> sharp + E. <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having acute lobes, as some leaves.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[A Latin preposition,

signifying <ets>to</ets>. See <er>At</er>.]</ety> <def>As a

prefix <xex>ad-</xex> assumes the forms <xex>ac-</xex>,

<xex>af-</xex>, <xex>ag-</xex>, <xex>al-</xex>, <xex>an-</xex>,

<xex>ap-</xex>, <xex>ar-</xex>, <xex>as-</xex>, <xex>at-</xex>,

assimilating the <xex>d</xex> with the first letter of the word

to which <xex>ad-</xex> is prefixed. It remains unchanged before

vowels, and before <xex>d</xex>, <xex>h</xex>, <xex>j</xex>,

<xex>m</xex>, <xex>v</xex>. Examples: <xex>ad</xex>duce,

<xex>ad</xex>here, <xex>ad</xex>jacent, <xex>ad</xex>mit,

<xex>ad</xex>vent, <xex>ac</xex>cord, <xex>af</xex>fect,

<xex>ag</xex>gregate, <xex>al</xex>lude, <xex>an</xex>nex,

<xex>ap</xex>pear, etc. It becomes <xex>ac-</xex> before

<xex>qu</xex>, as in <xex>ac</xex>quiesce.</def>



<hw>Ad*act"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adactus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adigere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

compel; to drive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*dac"tyl</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*dac"tyl*ous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/

finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Without

fingers or without toes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Without claws on

the feet (of crustaceous animals).</def>



<hw>Ad"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>adage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adagium</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + the

root of L. <ets>aio</ets> I say.]</ety> <def>An old saying, which

has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.</def>



<q>Letting \'bdI dare not\'b8 wait upon \'bdI would,\'b8

Like the poor cat i' the <qex>adage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw;

apothegm. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*da"gi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to an adage; proverbial.</def> \'bd<xex>Adagial</xex> verse.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*da"gio</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>adagio</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) at

+ <ets>agio</ets> convenience, leisure, ease. See

<er>Agio</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Slow; slowly,

leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, <xex>adagio</xex>,

<xex>adagio</xex>, it directs the movement to be very slow.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*da"gio</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of music in

<xex>adagio</xex> time; a slow movement; <as>as, an

<ex>adagio</ex> of Haydn</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad"am</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the

human race.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(As a symbol)</fld> <def>\'bdOriginal sin;\'b8

human frailty.</def>



<q>And whipped the offending <qex>Adam</qex> out of him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Adam's ale</col><cd>, water. <mark>[Coll.]</mark></cd>

-- <col>Adam's apple</col>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> A species of banana <spn>(Musa

paradisiaca)</spn>. It attains a height of twenty feet or more.

<au>Paxton]</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> A species of lime <spn>(Citris

limetta)</spn>.</cd> <sn>2.</sn> <cd>The projection formed by the

thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in

males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the

forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first

parent.</cd> -- <col>Adam's flannel</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the mullein <spn>(Verbascum thapsus)</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Adam's needle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the popular name

of a genus <spn>(Yucca)</spn> of liliaceous plants.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad"a*mant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adamaunt</ets>, <ets>adamant</ets>, diamond, magnet, OF.

<ets>adamant</ets>, L. <ets>adamas</ets>, <ets>adamantis</ets>,

the hardest metal, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to tame,

subdue. In OE., from confusion with L. <ets>adamare</ets> to

love, be attached to, the word meant also <ets>magnet</ets>, as

in OF. and LL. See <er>Diamond</er>, <er>Tame</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable

hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of

extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical

signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the

embodiment of impenetrable hardness.</def>



<q>Opposed the rocky orb

Of tenfold <qex>adamant</qex>, his ample shield.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lodestone; magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdA great <xex>adamant</xex> of acquaintance.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>As true to thee as steel to <qex>adamant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Greene.</qau>



<hw>Ad`a*man*te"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adamant\'c7us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of adamant; hard as

adamant.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ad`a*man"tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adamantinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made of

adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being

broken, dissolved, or penetrated; <as>as, <ex>adamantine</ex>

bonds or chains</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Like the diamond in hardness

or luster.</def>



<hw>Ad`am*bu*la"cral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad</ets> + E. <ets>ambulacral</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Next to the ambulacra; <as>as, the

<ex>adambulacral</ex> ossicles of the starfish</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*dam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*dam"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Adam, or resembling him.</def>



<cs><col>Adamic earth</col>, <cd>a name given to common red clay,

from a notion that <xex>Adam<xex> means <xex>red

earth<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad"am*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Adam</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A descendant of Adam; a

human being.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of

visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam,

discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.</def>



<hw>Ad"am's ap"ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> See under

<er>Adam</er>.</def>



<hw>A*dance"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Dancing.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>A*dan"gle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Dangling.</def>



<au>Browning.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad`an*so"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Adanson</ets>, a French botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two

species, <xex>A</xex>. <xex>digitata</xex>, the baobab or

monkey-bread of Africa and India, and <xex>A</xex>.

<xex>Gregorii</xex>, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of

Australia.  Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous

diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and

filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the

bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.</def>



<au>D. C. Eaton.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fitted;

suited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Adapted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Adapting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adaptare</ets>;

<ets>ad + aptare</ets> to fit; cf. F. <ets>adapter</ets>. See

<er>Apt</er>, <er>Adept</er>.]</ety> <def>To make suitable; to

fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; --

sometimes followed by <xex>to</xex> or <xex>for</xex>.</def>



<q>For nature, always in the right,

To your decays <qex>adapts</qex> my sight.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Appeals <qex>adapted</qex> to his [man's] whole nature.</q>

<qau>Angus.</qau>



<q>Streets ill <qex>adapted</qex> for the residence of wealthy

persons.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*dapt"a*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.</def>

\'bdGeneral <xex>adaptability</xex> for every purpose.\'b8



<au>Farrar.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being adapted.</def>



<hw>Ad`ap*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adaptation</ets>, LL. <ets>adaptatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or

the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.</def>

\'bd<xex>Adaptation</xex> of the means to the end.\'b8



<au>Erskine.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The result of adapting; an adapted form.</def>



<hw>A*dapt"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adaptive.</def>



<au>Stubbs.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special

fitness.</def>



<hw>A*dapt"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who adapts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A connecting tube; an

adopter.</def>



<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g.

tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different

plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for

purposes other than originally intended -->



<hw>A*dap"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adaptation.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suited,

given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation;

capable of adapting.</def> <au>Coleridge</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>A*dapt"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*dapt"ive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

adaptive; capacity to adapt.</def>



<hw>A*dapt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a suitable

manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>A*dapt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Adaptedness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad`ap*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adaptive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A"dar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>ad\'84r</ets>.]</ety> <def>The twelfth month of the Hebrew

ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded

nearly with March.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*dar"ce</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adarce</ets>, <ets>adarca</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A

saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in

Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for

cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in

leprosy.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad"a*tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fine

cotton cloth of India.</def>



<hw>A*daunt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adaunten</ets> to overpower, OF. <ets>adonter</ets>;

<ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>donter</ets>, F.

<ets>dompter</ets>. See <er>Daunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To daunt; to

subdue; to mitigate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>A*daw"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>adawe</ets> of dawe, AS. <ets>of dagum</ets> from days,

<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., from life, out of life.]</ety>

<def>To subdue; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sight whereof did greatly him <qex>adaw</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*daw"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adawen</ets> to wake; pref. <ets>a-<ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us</ets>-, Ger. <ets>er</ets>-) + <ets>dawen</ets>,

<ets>dagon</ets>, to dawn. See <er>Daw</er>.]</ety> <def>To

awaken; to arouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A man that waketh of his sleep

He may not suddenly well taken keep

Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly

Till that he be <qex>adawed</qex> verily.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A*days"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-<ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>day</ets>; the final

<ets>s</ets> was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming

adverbs.]</ety> <def>By day, or every day; in the daytime.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad cap*tan"dum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., for

catching.]</ety> <def>A phrase used adjectively sometimes of

meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.</def>



<hw>Add</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Added</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Adding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addere</ets>; <ets>ad

+ dare</ets> to give, put. Cf. <er>Date</er>, <er>Do</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give by way of increased possession

(<xex>to</xex> any one); to bestow (<xex>on</xex>).</def>



<q>The Lord shall <qex>add</qex> to me another son.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxx. 24.</qau>



<-- p. 20 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as

several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the

quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one

aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; <as>as, to

<ex>add</ex> numbers; to <ex>add</ex> up a column.</as></def>



<q>Back to thy punishment,

False fugitive, and to thy speed <qex>add</qex> wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>As easily as he can <qex>add</qex> together the ideas of two

days or two years.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To append, as a statement; to say further.</def>



<q>He <qex>added</qex> that he would willingly consent to the

entire abolition of the tax.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>To Add</er>, <er>Join</er>, <er>Annex</er>,

<er>Unite</er>, <er>Coalesce</er>.</syn> <usage>We <uex>add</uex>

by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We

<uex>join</uex> by putting one thing to another in close or

continuos connection. We <uex>annex</uex> by attaching some

adjunct to a larger body. We <uex>unite</uex> by bringing things

together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things

<uex>coalesce</uex> by coming together or mingling so as to form

one organization. To <uex>add</uex> quantities; to join houses;

to <uex>annex</uex> territory; to <uex>unite</uex> kingdoms; to

make parties <uex>coalesce</uex>.</syn>



<hw>Add</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

make an addition. <xex>To add to</xex>, to augment; to increase;

<as>as, it <ex>adds</ex> to our anxiety</as>.</def> \'bdI will

<xex>add</xex> to your yoke.\'b8



<au>1 Kings xii. 14.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To perform the arithmetical operation of

addition; <as>as, he <ex>adds</ex> rapidly</as>.</def>



<hw>Add"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Add</ets>, v. + <ets>-able</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Addible.</def>



<hw>Ad"dax</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the largest

African antelopes <spn>(<spn>Hippotragus, <or/ Oryx,

nasomaculatus</spn>)</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ It is now believed to be the

<altname>Strepsiceros</altname> (twisted horn) of the ancients.

By some it is thought to be the <xex>pygarg</xex> of the

Bible.</note>



<hw>Ad*deem"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>deem</ets>.]</ety> <def>To award; to

adjudge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdUnto him they did

<xex>addeem</xex> the prise.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad*den"dum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Addenda</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>A thing to be added; an

appendix or addition.</def>



<cs><col>Addendum circle</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the circle

which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear

wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.</cd></cs>



<au>Rankine.</au>



<hw>Add"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Add</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, adds; esp., a

machine for adding numbers.</def>



<hw>Ad"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>addere</ets>,

<ets>naddere</ets>, <ets>eddre</ets>, AS. <ets>n\'91dre</ets>,

adder, snake; akin to OS. <ets>nadra</ets>, OHG.

<ets>natra</ets>, <ets>natara</ets>, Ger. <ets>natter</ets>,

Goth. <ets>nadrs</ets>, Icel. <ets>na\'ebr</ets>, masc.,

<ets>na\'ebra</ets>, fem.: cf. W. <ets>neidr</ets>, Gorn.

<ets>naddyr</ets>, Ir. <ets>nathair</ets>, L. <ets>natrix</ets>,

water snake. <ets>An adder</ets> is for <ets>a

nadder</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A serpent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>eddre</xex> seide to the

woman.\'b8



<au>Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small

venomous serpent of the genus <spn>Vipera</spn>. The common

European adder is the <spn>Vipera (or Pelias) berus</spn>. The

puff adders of Africa are species of <spn>Clotho</spn>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, the term is commonly applied to

several harmless snakes, as the <stype>milk adder</stype>,

<stype>puffing adder</stype>, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Same

as <er>Sea Adder</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ In the sculptures the appellation is given to

several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper

<spn>(Cerastles)</spn>.</note>



<hw>Ad"der fly/</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A dragon fly.</def>



<hw>Ad"der's-tongue`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of ferns

<spn>(Ophioglossum)</spn>, whose seeds are produced on a spike

resembling a serpent's tongue.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The yellow

dogtooth violet.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ad"der*wort`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common bistort or snakeweed

<spn>(Polygonum bistorta)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Add`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quantity of being addible; capability of addition.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Add"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being added.</def> \'bd<xex>Addible</xex> numbers.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ad"dice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Adze</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Moxon.</au>



<hw>Ad*dict"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Addicted;

devoted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*dict"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Addicted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Addicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>addictus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>addicere</ets> to adjudge, devote; <ets>ad +

dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Diction</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with

<xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdThey <xex>addict</xex> themselves to the

civil law.\'b8



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<q>He is <qex>addicted</qex> to his study.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<q>That part of mankind that <qex>addict</qex> their minds to

speculations.</q>

<qau>Adventurer.</qau>



<q>His genius <qex>addicted</qex> him to the study of

antiquity.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>A man gross . . . and <qex>addicted</qex> to low company.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The land about is exceedingly <qex>addicted</qex> to wood, but

the coldness of the place hinders the growth.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Addict</er>, <er>Devote</er>,

<er>Consecrate</er>, <er>Dedicate</er>. <xex>Addict</xex> was

formerly used in a good sense; as, <xex>addicted</xex> to

letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an

indifferent one; as, <xex>addicted</xex> to vice;

<xex>addicted</xex> to sensual indulgence.

\'bd<xex>Addicted</xex> to staying at home.\'b8 <au>J. S.

Mill</au>.  <xex>Devote</xex> is always taken in a good sense,

expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite

object; as, <xex>devoted</xex> to science. <xex>Consecrate</xex>

and <xex>dedicate</xex> express devotion of a higher kind,

involving religious sentiment; as, <xex>consecrated</xex> to the

service of the church; <xex>dedicated</xex> to God.</syn>



<hw>Ad*dict"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being addicted; attachment.</def>



<hw>Ad*dic"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>addictio</ets> an adjudging.]</ety> <def>The state of being

addicted; devotion; inclination.</def> \'bdHis

<xex>addiction</xex> was to courses vain.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ad"di*son's dis*ease"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Named from

Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition causing a peculiar

brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to

be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular

bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not

to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually

fatal.</def>



<hw>Ad*dit"a*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>additamentum</ets>, fr. <ets>additus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>addere</ets> to add.]</ety> <def>An addition, or a thing

added.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<q>My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an

<qex>additament</qex> of a later age.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ad*di"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>addition</ets>, L. <ets>additio</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets>

to add.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of adding two or more

things together; -- opposed to <xex>subtraction</xex> or

<xex>diminution</xex>.</def> \'bdThis endless <xex>addition</xex>

or addibility of numbers.\'b8



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything added; increase; augmentation; <as>as,

a piazza is an <ex>addition</ex> to a building</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>That part of arithmetic which

treats of adding numbers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dot at the right side of a

note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one

half.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A title annexed to a man's

name, to identify him more precisely; <as>as, John Doe,

<ex>Esq</ex></as>.; Richard Roe, <xex>Gent</xex>.; Robert Dale,

<xex>Mason</xex>; Thomas Way, <xex>of New York</xex>; a mark of

distinction; a title.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Something added to a coat of

arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to

<xex>abatement</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Vector addition</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>that kind

of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their

sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage;

adjunct.</syn>



<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Added;

supplemental; in the way of an addition.</def>



<hw>Ad*di"tion*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something added.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ad*di"tion*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

addition.</def>



<hw>Ad*di"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Additional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Herbert.</au>



<hw>Ad`di*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>addititius</ets>, fr. <ets>addere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Additive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Herschel.</au>



<hw>Ad"di*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>additivus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Proper to be

added; positive; -- opposed to <xex>subtractive</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ad"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

add; making some addition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Ad"dle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adel</ets>, AS. <ets>adela</ets>, mud.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Liquid filth; mire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lees; dregs.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having lost the power of

development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence:

Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Addled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Addling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make addle;

to grow addle; to muddle; <as>as, he <ex>addled</ex> his

brain</as>.</def> \'bdTheir eggs were <xex>addled</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ad"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adlen</ets>, <ets>adilen</ets>, to gain, acquire; prob. fr.

Icel. <ets>\'94\'eblask</ets> to acquire property, akin to

<ets>o\'ebal</ets> property. Cf. <er>Allodial</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To earn by labor.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrive or grow; to ripen.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<q>Kill ivy, else tree will <qex>addle</qex> no more.</q>

<qau>Tusser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brain`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A foolish or dull-witted fellow.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>brained`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>head`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad"dle</hw>-<hw>pa`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull-witted; stupid.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>addle</xex>-<xex>brained</xex> Oberstein.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<q>Dull and <qex>addle</qex>-<qex>pated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Stupidity.</def>



<hw>Ad"dlings</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Addle</er>, to earn.]</ety> <def>Earnings.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ad*doom"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>doom</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adjudge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ad*dorsed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ad

+ dorsum</ets>, back: cf. F. <ets>adoss\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Set or turned back to back.</def>



<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Addressed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Addressing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>adressen</ets>

to raise erect, adorn, OF. <ets>adrecier</ets>, to straighten,

address, F. <ets>adresser</ets>, fr. <ets>\'85</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>drecier</ets>, F. <ets>dresser</ets>,

to straighten, arrange. See <er>Dress</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To aim; to direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>And this good knight his way with me <qex>addrest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prepare or make ready.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His foe was soon <qex>addressed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Turnus <qex>addressed</qex> his men to single fight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The five foolish virgins <qex>addressed</qex> themselves at

the noise of the bridegroom's coming.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply

one's skill or energies (<xex>to</xex> some object); to

betake.</def>



<q>These men <qex>addressed</qex> themselves to the task.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To clothe or array; to dress.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Tecla . . . <qex>addressed</qex> herself in man's apparel.</q>

<qau>Jewel.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To direct, as words (<xex>to</xex> any one or

any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (<xex>to</xex>

any one, an audience).</def>



<q>The young hero had <qex>addressed</qex> his players to him for

his assistance.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To direct speech to; to make a communication to,

whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech,

petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.</def>



<q>Are not your orders to <qex>address</qex> the senate?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The representatives of the nation <qex>addressed</qex> the

king.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To direct in writing, as a letter; to

superscribe, or to direct and transmit; <as>as, he

<ex>addressed</ex> a letter</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To make suit to as a lover; to court; to

woo.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>To consign or intrust to the

care of another, as agent or factor; <as>as, the ship was

<ex>addressed</ex> to a merchant in Baltimore</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To address one's self to</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To

prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. <sd>(b)</sd> To

direct one's speech or discourse to.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad*dress"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To prepare one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLet us

<xex>address</xex> to tend on Hector's heels.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To direct speech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Young Turnus to the beauteous maid <qex>addrest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of

the reflexive pronoun.</note>



<hw>Ad*dress</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>adresse</ets>.

See <er>Address</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of preparing one's self.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal

application.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A formal communication, either written or

spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a

petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion;

<as>as, an <ex>address</ex> of thanks, an <ex>address</ex> to the

voters</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Direction or superscription of a letter, or the

name, title, and place of residence of the person

addressed.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Manner of speaking to another; delivery; <as>as,

a man of pleasing or insinuating <ex>address</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Attention in the way one's <xex>addresses</xex>

to a lady.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Skill; skillful management; dexterity;

adroitness.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition;

lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.</syn>



<hw>Ad`dress*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One to

whom anything is addressed.</def>



<hw>Ad*dres"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

addressing or directing one's course.</def> <mark>[Rare &

Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Ad*duce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adduced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adducing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adducere</ets>,

<ets>adductum</ets>, to lead or bring to; <ets>ad + ducere</ets>

to lead. See <er>Duke</er>, and cf. <er>Adduct</er>.]</ety>

<def>To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or

consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to

allege.</def>



<q>Reasons . . . were <qex>adduced</qex> on both sides.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Enough could not be <qex>adduced</qex> to satisfy the purpose

of illustration.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign;

urge; name; mention.</syn>



<hw>Ad*du"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>addunces</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bringing together or towards a given

point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull

one part towards another. Opposed to <xex>abducent</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ad*du"cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adduces.</def>



<hw>Ad*du"ci*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being adduced.</def>



<q>Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner

diversified, are <qex>adducible</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ad*duct"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adductus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adducere</ets>. See

<er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To draw

towards a common center or a middle line.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>Ad*duc"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adduction</ets>. See <er>Adduce</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of adducing or bringing forward.</def>



<q>An <qex>adduction</qex> of facts gathered from various

quarters.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The action by which the

parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to

<xex>abduction</xex>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ad*duc"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adducing,

or bringing towards or to something.</def>



<hw>Ad*duc"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>adducere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle

which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of

the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to

<xex>abductor</xex>; <as>as, the <ex>adductor</ex> of the eye,

which turns the eye toward the nose</as>.</def>



<q>In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of

the shell are called <qex>adductor</qex> muscles.</q>

<qau>Verrill.</qau>



<hw>Ad*dulce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Like F.

<ets>adoucir</ets>; fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. + <ets>dulcis</ets>

sweet.]</ety> <def>To sweeten; to soothe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*deem"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adimere</ets>. See <er>Ademption</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to

satisfy it by some other gift.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe

grapes.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`de*lan*ta"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp., prop. p. of <ets>adelantar</ets> to advance, to

promote.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province; a commander.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad*e*las"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ not manifest + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers

botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its

proper genus.</def>



<hw>Ad"el*ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Atheling</er>.</def>



<hw>A*del`o*co*don"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ invisible + <?/ a bell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike

form and do not become free; -- opposed to

<xex>phanerocodonic</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*del"o*pod</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

invisible + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

animal having feet that are not apparent.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*del"phi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A \'bdbrotherhood,\'b8

or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as

in the class names, Mon<xex>adelphia</xex>,

Di<xex>adelphia</xex>, etc.</def>



<hw>A*del"phous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

brother.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having coalescent or

clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; <as>as,

<ex>adelphous</ex> stamens</as>. Usually in composition; <as>as,

mon<ex>adelphous</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*dempt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ademptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adimere</ets> to take

away.]</ety> <def>Takes away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or

<qex>adempt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimn.</qau>



<-- p. 21 -->



<hw>A*demp"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ademptio</ets>, fr. <ets>adimere</ets>, <ets>ademptum</ets>,

to take away; <ets>ad + emere</ets> to buy, orig. to take.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The revocation or taking away of a grant

donation, legacy, or the like.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<mhw><hw>Aden-</hw> or <hw>Adeno-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,

gland.]</ety> <def>Combining forms of the Greek word for

<xex>gland</xex>; -- used in words relating to the structure,

diseases, etc., of the glands.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ad`e*nal"gi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad"e*nal`gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ pain.]</ety> <def>(Med.) Pain in a

gland.</def>



<hw>A*den"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like a gland; adenoid.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad`e*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aden-</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Glandular inflammation.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ad`e*no*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to adenography.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*nog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That

part of anatomy which describes the glands.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad"e*noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ad`e*noid"al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Glandlike;

glandular.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*no*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to adenology.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The part

of physiology that treats of the glands.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*noph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ bearing.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing glands.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*noph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having glands on the leaves.</def>



<hw>Ad"e*nose`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*no*tom"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to adenotomy.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*not"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adeno-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting, <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of, or incision into, a gland

or glands.</def>



<hw>Ad"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Adenose</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad"eps</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Animal fat; lard.</def>



<hw>A*dept"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeptus</ets> obtained (sc. <ets>artem</ets>), <?/he who has

obtained an art, p. p. of <ets>adipsci</ets> to arrive <?/at, to

obtain; <ets>ad + apisci</ets> to pursue. See <er>Apt</er>, and

cf. <er>Adapt</er>.]</ety> <def>One fully skilled or well versed

in anything; a proficient; <as>as, <ex>adepts</ex> in

philosophy</as>.</def>



<hw>A*dept"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Well skilled; completely

versed; thoroughly proficient.</def>



<q>Beaus <qex>adept</qex> in everything profound.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>A*dep"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeptio</ets>. See <er>Adept</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>An obtaining; attainment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief

<qex>adeption</qex> of the victory.</q>

<qau>Grafton.</qau>



<hw>A*dept"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A skilled

alchemist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*dept"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

adept; skill.</def>



<hw>Ad"e*qua*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adequate</er>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of being

adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a

particular purpose; <as>as, the <ex>adequacy</ex> of supply to

the expenditure</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adaequatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adaequare</ets> to make

equal to; <ets>ad + aequare</ets> to make equal,

<ets>aequus</ets> equal. See <er>Equal</er>.]</ety> <def>Equal to

some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully

sufficient; <as>as, powers <ex>adequate</ex> to a great work; an

<ex>adequate</ex> definition.</as></def>



<q>Ireland had no <qex>adequate</qex> champion.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable;

competent; capable.</syn>



<hw>Ad"e*quate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adequate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

equalize; to make adequate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To equal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It [is] an impossibility for any creature to

<qex>adequate</qex> God in his eternity.</q>

<qau>Shelford.</qau>



<hw>Ad"e*quate*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

adequate manner.</def>



<hw>Ad"e*quate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*qua"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adaequatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of equalizing; act or

result of making adequate; an equivalent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Barlow.</au>



<hw>A*des"my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

unfettered; <?/ priv. + <?/ a fetter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The division or defective coherence of an organ that is

usually entire.</def>



<hw>Ad*es`se*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Formed fr. L. <ets>adesse</ets> to be present; <ets>ad +

esse</ets> to be.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who

held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not

by transubstantiation.</def>



<hw>Ad*fect"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adfectus</ets> or <ets>affectus</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Affected</er>, <er>5</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*fil"i*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Affiliated</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Affiliation</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*flux"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Affluxion</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*ha"mant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>adhamare</ets> to catch; <ets>ad + hamus</ets> hook.]</ety>

<def>Clinging, as by hooks.</def>



<hw>Ad*here"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adhered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adhering</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adhaerere</ets>,

<ets>adhaesum</ets>; <ets>ad + haerere</ets> to stick: cf. F.

<ets>adh\'82rer</ets>. See <er>Aghast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to

become joined or united; <as>as, wax   to the finger; the lungs

sometimes <ex>adhere</ex> to the pleura.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain

fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith,

principle, or opinion; <as>as, men <ex>adhere</ex> to a party, a

cause, a leader, a church</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be consistent or coherent; to be in

accordance; to agree. \'bdNor time nor place did then

<xex>adhere</xex>.</def>\'b8  Every thing    <xex>adheres</xex>

together.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold</syn>



<hw>Ad*her"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adh\'82rence</ets>, LL. <ets>adhaerentia</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of adhering.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being fixed in attachment;

fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; <as>as, <ex>adherence</ex>

to a party or to opinions</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adherence</er>, <er>Adhesion</er>.</syn> <usage>

These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost

entirely separated.   <xex>Adherence</xex> is no longer used to

denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or

habits; as, a strict <xex>adherence</xex> to one's duty; close

<xex>adherence</xex> to the argument, etc.  <xex>Adhesion</xex>

is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the

phrase \'bdTo give in one's <xex>adhesion</xex> to a cause or a

party.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Ad*her"en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which adheres.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhaerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F.

<ets>adh\'82rent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sticking;

clinging; adhering.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attached as an attribute or circumstance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Congenitally united with an

organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with

petals.</def>



<hw>Ad*her"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or

profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular

faith or church.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which adheres; an appendage.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter;

dependent; ally; backer.</syn>



<hw>Ad*her"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adherent

manner.</def>



<hw>Ad*her"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adheres; an adherent.</def>



<hw>Ad*he"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhaesio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhaerere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adh\'82sion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The action of

sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the

<xex>adhesion</xex> of glue, or of parts united by growth,

cement, or the like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity;

<as>as, to error, to a policy</as>.</def>



<q>His <qex>adhesion</qex> to the Tories was bounded by his

approbation of their foreign policy.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.</def>



<q>To that treaty Spain and England gave in their

<qex>adhesion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The molecular attraction

exerted between bodies in contact. See <er>Cohesion</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Union of surface, normally

separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an

inflammatory process.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The union of parts which are

separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same

plant.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Adherence; union. See <er>Adherence</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ad*he"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adh\'82sif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sticky; tenacious,

as glutinous substances.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<cs><col>Adhesive attraction</col>. <fld>(Physics)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Attraction</er></cd>. -- <col>Adhesive inflammation</col>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld>, <cd>that kind of inflammation which

terminates in the reunion of divided parts without

suppuration.</cd> -- <col>Adhesive plaster</col>, <cd>a sticking;

a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive

oil.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad*he"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adhesive

manner.</def>



<hw>Ad*he"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of

union.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Propensity to form and

maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social

intercourse.</def>



<hw>Ad*hib"it</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhibitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adhibere</ets> to hold to;

<ets>ad + habere</ets> to have.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To admit,

as a person or thing; to take in.</def>



<au>Muirhead.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use or apply; to administer.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attach; to affix.</def>



<au>Alison.</au>



<hw>Ad`hi*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhibitio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of adhibiting;

application; use.</def>



<au>Whitaker.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad hom"i*nem</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., to the

man.]</ety> <def>` phrase applied to an appeal or argument

addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a

man.</def>



<hw>Ad*hort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhortari</ets>. See <er>Adhortation</er>.]</ety> <def>To

exhort; to advise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Ad`hor*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adhortatio</ets>, fr. <ets>adhortari</ets> to advise;

<ets>ad + hortari</ets> to exhort.]</ety> <def>Advice;

exhortation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<hw>Ad*hor"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Potter.</au>



<hw>Ad`i*a*bat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

not passable; <?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/ to go.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not giving out or receiving heat.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><mcol><col>Adiabatic line</col> or <col>curve</col></mcol>,

<cd>a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a

fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out

heat.</cd></cs>



<au>Rankine.</au>



<hw>Ad`i*ac*tin"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>diactinic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not transmitting the actinic rays.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad`i*an"tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, maidenhair; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wet.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed

water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of

spleenwort.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Religious indifference.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adiaphorous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of

the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions

and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther

condemned as sinful or heretical.</def>



<au>Murdock.</au>



<hw>Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and

practice.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Adiaphorist</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ different; <?/ through + <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Indifferent or neutral.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Incapable of doing either harm

or good, as some medicines.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ad`i*aph"o*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<def>Indifference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad`i*a*ther"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ through + <?/heat.]</ety> <def>Not pervious to

heat.</def>



<hw>A*dieu"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[OE. also <ets>adew</ets>, <ets>adewe</ets>,

<ets>adue</ets>, F. <?/ <ets>dieu</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets> to

+ <ets>deus</ets> God.]</ety> <def>Good-by; farewell; an

expression of kind wishes at parting.</def>



<hw>A*dieu"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Adieus</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A farewell; commendation to the care of

God at parting.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*dight"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Adight</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> (intensive) + OE. <ets>dihten</ets>.

See <er>Dight</er>.]</ety> <def>To set in order; to array; to

attire; to deck, to dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ad in`fi*ni"tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., to

infinity.]</ety> <def>Without limit; endlessly.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad in"ter*im</hw> <pr>(#)</pr><ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Meanwhile; temporary.</def>



<hw>Ad`e*pes"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat +

<ets>-escent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Becoming fatty.</def>



<hw>A*dip"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or

oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats

by the action of nitric acid.</def>



<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon

atoms in a linear chain -->



<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

convert adipocere.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of changing into adipocere.</def>



<hw>Ad"i*po*cere`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat + <ets>cera</ets> wax:

cf. F. <ets>adipocere</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, unctuous, or

waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and

muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long

immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result

of fatty degeneration.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*po*cer"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Adipocere</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

the form or appearance of adipocere; <as>as, an

<ex>adipoceriform</ex> tumor</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad`i*poc"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like

adipocere.</def>



<hw>Ad"i*pose`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adeps</ets>, <ets>adipis</ets>, fat, grease.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.</def>



<cs><col>Adipose fin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a soft

boneless fin.</cd> -- <col>Adipose tissue</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>that form of animal tissue which forms or

contains fat.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad"i*pose`ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad`i*pos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state of being fat; fatness.</def>



<hw>Ad"i*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fatty;

adipose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*dip"sous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/, thirst.]</ety> <def>Quenching thirst, as certain

fruits.</def>



<hw>Ad"ip*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not

thirsty; <?/ priv. + <?/ thirst.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Absence of thirst.</def>



<hw>Ad"it</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aditus</ets>, fr. <ets>adire</ets>, <ets><?/aitum</ets>, to

go to; <ets>ad + ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening

by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are

carried away; -- called also <altname>drift</altname> and

<altname>tunnel</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admission; approach; access.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Yourself and yours shall have

Free <qex>adit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad"ja"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ad*ja"cen*cy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw><ety>[Cf. LL. <ets>adjacentia</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being adjacent or contiguous;

contiguity; <as>as, the <ex>adjacency</ex> of lands or

buildings</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is adjacent.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjacens</ets>, <ets>-centis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>adjacere</ets> to lie near; <ets>ad + jac<?/re</ets> to lie:

cf. F. <ets>adjacent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lying near, close, or

contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; <as>as, a field

<ex>adjacent</ex> to the highway</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>adjacent</xex> forest.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or <col>contiguous

angle</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Geom.)</fld> See

<er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Adjacent</er>, <er>Adjoining</er>, <er>Contiguous</er>.

Things are <xex>adjacent</xex> when they lie close each other,

not necessary in actual contact; <as>as, <ex>adjacent</ex>

fields, <ex>adjacent</ex> villages, etc.</as> 



<q>I find that all Europe with her <qex>adjacent</qex> isles is

peopled with Christians.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



Things are <xex>adjoining</xex> when they meet at some line or

point of junction; as, <xex>adjoining</xex> farms, an

<xex>adjoining</xex> highway. What is spoken of as

<xex>contiguous</xex> should touch with some extent of one side

or the whole of it; as, a row of <xex>contiguous</xex> buildings;

a wood <xex>contiguous</xex> to a plain.</usage>



<hw>Ad*ja"cent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is

adjacent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Ad*ja"cent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to be

adjacent.</def>



<hw>Ad*ject"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjicere</ets> to throw to, to

add to; <ets>ad + ac<?/re</ets> to throw. See <er>Jet</er> a

shooting forth.]</ety> <def>To add or annex; to join.</def>



<au>Leland.</au>



<hw>Ad*jec"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjectio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adjection</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or

mode of adding; also, the thing added.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Ad*jec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Ad`jec*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <ety>[L.

<ets>adjectitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Added; additional.</def>



<au>Parkhurst.</au>



<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an

adjective; adjective.</def>



<au>W. Taylor (1797)</au>



<hw>Ad`jec*ti"val*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>As, or in the

manner of, an adjective; adjectively.</def>



<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adjective</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the

nature of an adjunct; <as>as, an   word sentence</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not standing by itself; dependent.</def>



<cs><col>Adjective color</col>, <cd>a color which requires to be

fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to procedure.</def> \'bdThe whole

English law, substantive and <xex>adjective</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjectivum</ets>  (sc. <ets>nomen</ets>), neut. of

<ets>adjectivus</ets> that is added, fr. <ets>adjicere</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>adjectif</ets>. See <er>Adject</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used with a noun, or substantive,

to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed

to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a

thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, \'bda

wise ruler,\'b8 <xex>wise</xex> is the adjective, expressing a

property of <xex>ruler</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dependent; an accessory.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ad"jec*tive</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Adjectived</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Adjectiving</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Language has as much occasion to <qex>adjective</qex> the

distinct signification of the verb, and to <qex>adjective</qex>

also the mood, as it has to <qex>adjective</qex> time. It has . .

. <qex>adjectived</qex> all three.</q>

<qau>Tooke.</qau>



<hw>Ad"jec*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of an

adjective; <as>as, a word used <ex>adjectively</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjoined</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Adjoining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajoinen</ets>,

OF. <ets>ajoindre</ets>, F. <ets>adjoindre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adjungere</ets>; <ets>ad + jungere</ets> to join. See

<er>Join</er>, and cf. <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>To join or

unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach;

to append.</def>



<q>Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, <qex>adjoined</qex>

by way of note.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<-- p. 22 -->



<hw>Ad*join"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; <as>as,

the houses <ex>adjoin</ex></as>.</def>



<q>When one man's land <qex>adjoins</qex> to another's.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<note><hand/ The construction with <xex>to</xex>, <xex>on</xex>,

or <xex>with</xex> is obsolete or obsolescent.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join one's self.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She lightly unto him <qex>adjoined</qex> side to side.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ad*join"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<hw>Ad*join"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Joining to; contiguous;

adjacent; <as>as, an <ex>adjoining</ex> room</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>adjoining</xex> fane.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>Upon the hills <qex>adjoining</qex> to the city.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting;

bordering. See <er>Adjacent</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ad"joint</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adjunct; a

helper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*journ</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjourned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adjourning</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajornen</ets>, OF.

<ets>ajoiner</ets>, <ets>ajurner</ets>, F. <ets>ajourner</ets>;

OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>jor</ets>,

<ets>jur</ets>, <ets>jorn</ets>, F. <ets>jour</ets>, day, fr. L.

<ets>diurnus</ets> belonging to the day, fr. <ets>dies</ets> day.

Cf. <er>Journal</er>, <er>Journey</er>.]</ety> <def>To put off or

defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or

suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the

action, of convened body; <as>as, to <ex>adjourn</ex> the

meeting; to <ex>adjourn</ex> a debate.</as></def>



<q>It is a common practice to <qex>adjourn</qex> the reformation

of their lives to a further time.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>'Tis a needful fitness

That we <qex>adjourn</qex> this court till further day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Adjourn</er>, <er>Prorogue</er>,

<er>Dissolve</er>.  These words are used in respect to public

bodies when they lay aside business and separate.

<xex>Adjourn</xex>, both in Great Britain and this country, is

applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief

period, with a view to meet again. <xex>Prorogue</xex> is applied

in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the

sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The

word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said,

in such a case, to adjourn <xex>sine die</xex>. To

<xex>dissolve</xex> is to annul the corporate existence of a

body. In order to exist again the body must be

reconstituted.</usage>



<hw>Ad*journ"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos><def>To suspend business for

a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or

indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of

legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; <as>as,

congress <ex>adjourned</ex> at four o'clock; the court

<ex>adjourned</ex> without day.</as></def>



<hw>Ad*journ"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adjournment; postponement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdAn

<xex>adjournal</xex> of the Diet.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ad*journ"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. f.

<ets>adjournement</ets>, OF. <ets>ajornement</ets>. See

<er>Adjourn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of adjourning;

the putting off till another day or time specified, or without

day.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The time or interval during which a public body

adjourns its sittings or postpones business.</def>



<hw>Ad*judge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjudged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adjudging</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ajugen</ets>, OF.

<ets>ajugier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjudicare</ets>; <ets>ad +

judicare</ets> to judge. See <er>J</er>udge, and cf.

<er>Adjudicate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To award judicially

in the case of a controverted question; <as>as, the prize was

<ex>adjudged</ex> to the victor</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To determine in the exercise of judicial power;

to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; <as>as, the case

was <ex>adjudged</ex> in the November term</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sentence; to condemn.</def>



<q>Without reprieve, <qex>adjudged</qex> to death

For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.</def>



<q>He <qex>adjudged</qex> him unworthy of his friendship.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain;

assign.</syn>



<hw>Ad*judg"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adjudges.</def>



<hw>Ad*judg"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.</def>



<au>Sir W. Temple.</au>



<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjudicated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adjudicating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adjudicatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>adjudicare</ets>. See <er>Adjudge</er>.]</ety> <def>To

adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial

decree.</def>



<hw>Ad*ju"di*cate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come to a

judicial decision; <as>as, the court <ex>adjudicated</ex> upon

the case</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*ju`di*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjudicatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adjudication</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of adjudicating; the act or process of

trying and determining judicially.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deliberate determination by the judicial

power; a judicial decision or sentence.</def>  \'bdAn

<xex>adjudication</xex> in favor of natural rights.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bankruptcy practice)</fld> <def>The decision

upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A process by which land

is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.</def>



<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adjudicating.</def>



<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adjudicates.</def>



<hw>Ad*ju"di*ca*ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adjudication.</def>



<hw>Ad"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjugatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjugare</ets>; <ets>ad +

jugum</ets> a yoke.]</ety> <def>To yoke to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad"ju*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjumentum</ets>, for <ets>adjuvamentum</ets>, fr.

<ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to

help.]</ety> <def>Help; support; also, a helper.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Waterhouse.</au>



<hw>Ad"junct`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjunctus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adjungere</ets>. See

<er>Adjoin</er>.]</ety> <def>Conjoined; attending;

consequent.</def>



<q>Though that my death were <qex>adjunct</qex> to my act.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Adjunct notes</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>short notes

between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing

notes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad"junct`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something

joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of

it.</def>



<q>Learning is but an <qex>adjunct</qex> to our self.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person joined to another in some duty or

service; a colleague; an associate.</def>



<au>Wotton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word or words added to

quality or amplify the force of other words; <as>as, the History

<ex>of the American Revolution</ex>, where the words in italics

are the <ex>adjunct</ex> or <ex>adjuncts</ex> of

\'bdHistory</as>.\'b8</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A quality or property of

the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; <as>as,

<ex>color</ex>, in the body, <ex>judgment</ex> in the

mind</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A key or scale closely related

to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.

<mark>[R.]</mark> See <xex>Attendant keys</xex>, under

<er>Attendant</er>, <xex>a</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ad*junc"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjunctio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adjonction</ets>, and see <er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>The

act of joining; the thing joined or added.</def>



<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjunctivus</ets>, fr. <ets>adjungere</ets>. See

<er>Adjunct</er>.]</ety> <def>Joining; having the quality of

joining; forming an adjunct.</def>



<hw>Ad*junc"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,

is joined.</def>



<hw>Ad*junc"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adjunctive

manner.</def>



<hw>Ad*junct"ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

addition or adjunct; in connection with.</def>



<hw>Ad`ju*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adjurare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adjuration</ets>. See <er>Adjure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the

penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.</def>



<q>What an accusation could not effect, an <qex>adjuration</qex>

shall.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The form of oath or appeal.</def>



<q>Persons who . . . made use of prayer and

<qex>adjurations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Ad*ju"ra*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjuratorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing an

adjuration.</def>



<hw>Ad*jure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjured</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adjuring</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms>. <ety>[L. <ets>adjurare</ets>,

<ets>adjurdium</ets>, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.

<ets>adjurer</ets>. See <er>Jury</er>.]</ety> <def>To charge,

bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the

penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive

manner; to entreat earnestly.</def>



<q>Joshua <qex>adjured</qex> them at that time, saying, Cursed be

the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city

Jericho.</q>

<qau>Josh. vi. 26.</qau>



<q>The high priest . . . said . . . I <qex>adjure</qex> thee by

the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 63.</qau>



<q>The commissioners <qex>adjured</qex> them not to let pass so

favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.</q>

<qau>Marshall.</qau>



<hw>Ad*jur"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adjures.</def>



<hw>Ad*just"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adjusted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adjusting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ajuster</ets>, <ets>ajoster</ets> (whence F.

<ets>ajouter</ets> to add), LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets> to fit; fr.

L. <ets>ad + juxta</ets> near; confused later with L.

<ets>ad</ets> and <ets>justus</ets> just, right, whence F.

<ets>ajuster</ets> to adjust. See <er>Just</er>, v. t. and cf.

<er>Adjute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make exact; to fit;

to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper

relations; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex> a garment to the body, or

things to a standard</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to

system.</def>



<q><qex>Adjusting</qex> the orthography.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so

that parties are agreed in the result; <as>as, to <ex>adjust</ex>

accounts; the differences are <ex>adjusted</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bring to a true relative position, as the

parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; <as>as, to

<ex>adjust</ex> a telescope or microscope</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set

right; rectify; settle.</syn>



<hw>Ad*just"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being adjusted.</def>



<hw>Ad*just"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Ajutage</er>.]</ety> <def>Adjustment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*just"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, adjusts.</def>



<hw>Ad*just"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

adjust.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*just"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ajustement</ets>. See <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of

bringing into proper relations; regulation.</def>



<q>Success depends on the nicest and minutest

<qex>adjustment</qex> of the parts concerned.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Settlement of claims; an

equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off,

contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.</def>



<au>Bispham.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The operation of bringing all the parts of an

instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper

relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted;

<as>as, to get a good <ex>adjustment</ex>; to be <ex>in</ex> or

<ex>out of adjustment</ex>.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation;

settlement; adaptation; disposition.</syn>



<hw>Ad"ju*tage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ajutage</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad"ju*tan*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The office of an

adjutant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.</def>



<q>It was, no doubt, disposed with all the <qex>adjutancy</qex>

of definition and division.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Ad"ju*tant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjutans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjutare</ets> to help. See

<er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A helper; an

assistant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regimental staff officer,

who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or

regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.</def>



<cs><col>Adjutant general</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the

commanding general receives communications and issues military

orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Among the Jesuits)</fld>, <cd>one of a select

number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order,

each of whom had a province or country assigned to his

care.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of very large

stork <spn>(Ciconia argala)</spn>, a native of India; -- called

also the <altname>gigantic crane</altname>, and by the native

name <altname>argala</altname>. It is noted for its

serpent-destroying habits.</def>



<hw>Ad"ju*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A corruption of <er>Agitator</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*jute"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ajouter</ets>; confused with L. <ets>adjutare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To add.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*ju"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>adjuvare</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>A helper or

assistant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Ad*ju"to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjutorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving to help or assist;

helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*ju"trix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Adjutor</er>.]</ety> <def>A female helper or assistant.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adjuvans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to aid: cf. F.

<ets>adjuvant</ets>. See <er>Aid</er>.]</ety> <def>Helping;

helpful; assisting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Adjuvant</xex> causes.\'b8



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Ad"ju*vant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

assistant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Yelverton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ingredient, in a

prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal

ingredient.</def>



<hw>Ad`le*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adlegatio</ets>, <ets>allegatio</ets>, a sending away; fr.

<ets>adlegare</ets>, <ets>allegare</ets>, to send away with a

commission; <ets>ad</ets> in addition + <ets>legare</ets> to send

as ambassador. Cf. <er>Allegation</er>.]</ety> <def>A right

formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining

their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties

and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad lib"i*tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr><def>. At one's pleasure;

as one wishes.</def>



<hw>Ad`lo*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Allocution</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*mar"gin*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>margin</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

write in the margin.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ad*max"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>maxillary</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Near to the maxilla or jawbone.</def>



<hw>Ad*meas"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>amesurer</ets>, LL. <ets>admensurare</ets>.

See <er>Measure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To measure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To determine the proper share

of, or the proper apportionment; <as>as, to <ex>admeasure</ex>

dower; to <ex>admeasure</ex> common of pasture.</as></def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Formerly, the adjustment of

proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture

held in common. This was by writ of <xex>admeasurement</xex>,

directed to the sheriff.</def>



<hw>Ad*meas"ur*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

admeasures.</def>



<hw>Ad*men`su*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>admensuratio</ets>; L. <ets>ad + mensurare</ets> to measure.

See <er>Mensuration</er>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Admeasurement</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*min"i*cle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adminculum</ets> support, orig., that on which the hand

rests; <ets>ad + manus</ets> hand + dim. ending

<ets>-culym</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Help or support; an

auxiliary.</def>



<au>Grote.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Corroborative or explanatory

proof.</def>



<note>In <xex>Scots law</xex>, any writing tending to establish

the existence or terms of a lost deed.



<au>Bell.</au>

</note>



<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory;

<as>as, <ex>adminicular</ex> evidence</as>.</def>



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adminicular.</def>



<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Administered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Administering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aministren</ets>, OF. <ets>aministrer</ets>, F.

<ets>administer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>administrare</ets>; <ets>ad +

ministrare</ets> to serve. See <er>Minister</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to

direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of;

<as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> the government or the

state</as>.</def>



<q>For forms of government let fools contest:

Whate'er is best <qex>administered</qex> is best.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute;

<as>as, to <ex>administer</ex> relief, to <ex>administer</ex> the

sacrament</as>.</def>



<q>[Let zephyrs] <qex>administer</qex> their tepid, genial

airs.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<q>Justice was <qex>administered</qex> with an exactness and

purity not before known.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a

dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a

<xex>blow</xex>, a <xex>reproof</xex>, etc.</def>



<q>A noxious drug had been <qex>administered</qex> to him.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To tender, as an oath.</def>



<q>Swear . . . to keep the oath that we

<qex>administer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To settle, as the estate of one

who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an

executor.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give

out; distribute; furnish.</syn>



<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to

minister.</def>



<q>A fountain . . . <qex>administers</qex> to the pleasure as

well as the plenty of the place.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To perform the office of

administrator; to act officially; <as>as, A <ex>administers</ex>

upon the estate of B</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*min"is*ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Administrator.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ad*min`is*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of

government.</def>



<hw>Ad*min"is*tra*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being administered; <as>as, an

<ex>administrable</ex> law</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*min"is*trant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p.

pr. of <ets>administrer</ets>. See <er>Administer</er>.]</ety>

<def>Executive; acting; managing affairs.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One who administers.</def></def2>



<hw>Ad*min"is*trate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>administratus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>administrare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To administer.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milman.</au>



<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>administracioun</ets>, L.

<ets>administratio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>administration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

administering; government of public affairs; the service

rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the

conducting of any office or employment; direction;

management.</def>



<q>His financial <qex>administration</qex> was of a piece with

his military <qex>administration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The executive part of government; the persons

collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the

superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his

cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in

Great Britain.</def>



<q>A mild and popular <qex>administration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The <qex>administration</qex> has been opposed in

parliament.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of administering, or tendering something

to another; dispensation; <as>as, the <ex>administration</ex> of

a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the

sacrament</as>.</def>



<-- p. 23 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The management and

disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate,

or of a testator having no competent executor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The management of an estate of a deceased person by an

executor, the strictly corresponding term <xex>execution</xex>

not being in use.</def>



<cs><col>Administration with the will annexed</col>,

<cd>administration granted where the testator has appointed no

executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause

has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act,

etc.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation;

execution; dispensation; distribution.</syn>



<hw>Ad*min"is*tra`tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>administrativus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>administratif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

administration; administering; executive; <as>as, an

<ex>administrative</ex> body, ability, or energy</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who administers affairs; one

who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil,

judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A man who manages or settles

the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no

competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has

been committed by competent authority.</def>



<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The position

or office of an administrator.</def>



<hw>Ad*min`is*tra"trix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A woman who administers; esp., one who

administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of

administration have been granted; a female administrator.</def>



<hw>Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admirabilitac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admirableness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admirabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admirable</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful;

marvelous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In man there is nothing <qex>admirable</qex> but his ignorance

and weakness.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having qualities to excite wonder united with

approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; --

used of persons or things.</def>  \'bdAn <xex>admirable</xex>

machine.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Admirable</xex> fortitude.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent;

delightful; praiseworthy.</syn>



<hw>Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being admirable; wonderful excellence.</def>



<hw>Ad"mi*ra*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an admirable

manner.</def>



<hw>Ad"mi*ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amiral</ets>, <ets>admiral</ets>, OF. <ets>amiral</ets>,

ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>am\'c6r-al-bahr</ets> commander of the

sea; Ar. <ets>am\'c6r</ets> is commander, <ets>al</ets> is the

Ar. article, and <ets>am\'c6r-al</ets>, heard in different

titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show

confusion with L. <ets>admirabilis</ets> admirable, fr.

<ets>admirari</ets> to admire. It is said to have been introduced

into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th

century. Cf. <er>Ameer</er>, <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high

rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations

in rank are <xex>admiral</xex>, <xex>vice admiral</xex>, and

<xex>rear admiral</xex>. The <xex>admiral</xex> is the commander

in chief of a fleet or of fleets.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ship which carries the admiral; also, the

most considerable ship of a fleet.</def>



<q>Like some mighty <qex>admiral</qex>, dark and terrible,

bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to

the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A handsome butterfly

<spn>(Pyrameis Atalanta)</spn> of Europe and America. The larva

feeds on nettles.</def>



<cs><col>Admiral shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

popular name of an ornamental cone shell <spn>(Conus

admiralis)</spn>.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Lord High Admiral</col>, <cd>a great officer of state,

who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the

naval administration of Great Britain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or

position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an

admiral.</def>



<hw>Ad"mi*ral*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Admiralties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>amiraut\'82</ets>, for an older <ets>amiralt\'82</ets>,

office of admiral, fr. LL. <ets>admiralitas</ets>. See

<er>Admiral</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The office or

jurisdiction of an admiral.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The department or officers having authority over

naval affairs generally.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The court which has jurisdiction of maritime

questions and offenses.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly

vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the

Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the

Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the

probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In

America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but

admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the

United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the

Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has

cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea,

cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty

jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the

navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and

rivers.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The system of jurisprudence of admiralty

courts.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The building in which the lords of the

admiralty, in England, transact business.</def>



<hw>Ad*mir"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>admirance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admiration.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ad`mi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>admiratio</ets>. See <er>Admire</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wonder; astonishment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Season your <qex>admiration</qex> for a while.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an

emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or

high excellence; <as>as, <ex>admiration</ex> of a beautiful

woman, of a landscape, of virtue</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder,

or pleased surprise; a prodigy.</def>



<q>Now, good Lafeu, bring in the <qex>admiration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Note of admiration</col>, <cd>the mark (!), called also

<altname>exclamation point</altname>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration;

reverence; worship.</syn>



<hw>Ad*mir"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to or expressing admiration or wonder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Ad*mire"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Admired</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Admiring</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>admirer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>admirari</ets>; <ets>ad + mirari</ets> to wonder, for

<ets>smirari</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ to smile, Skr.

<ets>smi</ets>, and E. <ets>smile</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with

surprise; to marvel at.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Examples rather to be <qex>admired</qex> than imitated.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon

with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls

out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize

highly; <as>as, to <ex>admire</ex> a person of high moral worth,

to <ex>admire</ex> a landscape</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Admired</qex> as heroes and as gods obeyed.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Admire</xex> followed by the infinitive is

obsolete or colloquial; as, I <xex>admire</xex> to see a man

consistent in his conduct.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.</syn>



<hw>Ad*mire"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos><def>To wonder; to marvel; to

be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with <xex>at</xex>.</def>



<q>To wonder at Pharaoh, and even <qex>admire</qex> at

myself.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Ad*mired"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; <as>as, an

<ex>admired</ex> poem</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wonderful; also, admirable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Admired</xex> disorder.\'b8    \'bd

<xex>Admired</xex> Miranda.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ad*mir"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ad*mir"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing admiration;

<as>as, an <ex>admiring</ex> glance</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*mir"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>admissibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

admissible; admissibleness; <as>as, the <ex>admissibility</ex> of

evidence</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*mis"si*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>admissible</ets>, LL. <ets>admissibilis</ets>. See

<er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <def>Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of

being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable;

<as>as, the supposition is hardly <ex>admissible</ex></as>.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mis"si*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Ad*mis"si*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>admission</ets>. See

<er>Admit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or practice of

admitting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Power or permission to enter; admittance;

entrance; access; power to approach.</def>



<q>What numbers groan for sad <qex>admission</qex> there!</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The granting of an argument or position not

fully proved; the act of acknowledging something <?/serted;

acknowledgment; concession.</def>



<q>The too easy <qex>admission</qex> of doctrines.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Acquiescence or concurrence in

a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a

confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by

another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A fact, point, or statement admitted; <as>as,

<ex>admission</ex> made out of court are received in

evidence</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>Declaration of the

bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve

the cure of the church to which he is presented.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence;

allowance. See <er>Admittance</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ad*mis"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>Implying an

admission; tending to admit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>Ad*mis"so*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to admission.</def>



<hw>Ad*mit"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Admitted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Admitting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amitten</ets>, L. <ets>admittere</ets>, <ets>admissum</ets>;

<ets>ad + mittere</ets> to send: cf. F. <ets>admettre</ets>, OF.

<ets>admettre</ets>, OF. <ets>ametre</ets>. See

<er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To suffer to enter; to

grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or

consideration; to receive; to take; <as>as, they were into his

house; to <ex>admit</ex> a serious thought into the mind; to

<ex>admit</ex> evidence in the trial of a cause.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a right of entrance; <as>as, a ticket

one into a playhouse</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy

a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; <as>as,

to <ex>admit</ex> an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was

<ex>admitted</ex> to bail.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to,

as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or

confess; <as>as, the argument or fact is <ex>admitted</ex>; he

<ex>admitted</ex> his guilt.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be capable of; to permit; <as>as, the words

do not <ex>admit</ex> such a construction</as>. In this sense,

<xex>of</xex> may be used after the verb, or may be

omitted.</def>



<q>Both Houses declared that they could <qex>admit</qex> of no

treaty with the king.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>Ad*mit"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Admissible.</def>



<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Ad*mit"tance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of admitting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Permission to enter; the power or right of

entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.</def>



<q>To gain <qex>admittance</qex> into the house.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>He desires <qex>admittance</qex> to the king.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>To give <qex>admittance</qex> to a thought of fear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Concession; admission; allowance; <as>as, the

<ex>admittance</ex> of an argument</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Admissibility.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The act of giving

possession of a copyhold estate.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Admittance</er>, <er>Admission</er>. These words

are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change.

<xex>Admittance</xex> is now chiefly confined to its primary

sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on

the doors of factories, shops, etc.  \'bdNo

<xex>admittance</xex>.\'b8 Its secondary or moral sense, as

\'bd<xex>admittance</xex>   to the church,\'b8 is almost entirely

laid aside. <xex>Admission</xex> has taken to itself the

secondary or figurative senses; <as>as, <ex>admission</ex> to the

rights of citizenship; <xex>admission</xex> to the church; the

<xex>admissions</xex> made by one of the parties in a

dispute</as>. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not

identical with <xex>admittance</xex>. Thus, we speak of

<xex>admission</xex> into a country, territory, and other larger

localities, etc., where <xex>admittance</xex> could not be used.

So, when we speak of <xex>admission</xex> to a concert or other

public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of

<xex>admittance</xex>, viz., access within the walls of the

building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to

the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject

are one definitely drawn.</usage>



<hw>\'d8Ad`mit*ta"tur</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

let him be admitted.]</ety> <def>The certificate of admission

given in some American colleges.</def>



<hw>Ad*mit"ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Received as

true or valid; acknowledged.</def>  --

<def2><hw>Ad*mit"ted*ly</hw> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>

Confessedly.</def></def2>



<hw>Ad*mit"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

admits.</def>



<hw>Ad*mix"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>mix</ets>: cf. L. <ets>admixtus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>admiscere</ets>. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety> <def>To

mingle with something else; to mix.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*mix"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admixtio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mingling of different things;

admixture.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Ad*mix"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admiscere</ets>, <ets>admixtum</ets>, to admix; <ets>ad +

miscere</ets> to mix. See <er>Mix</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of mixing; mixture.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The compound formed by mixing different

substances together.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is mixed with anything.</def>



<hw>Ad*mon"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Admonished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Admonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amonesten</ets>, OF. <ets>amonester</ets>, F.

<ets>admonester</ets>, fr. a supposed LL.

<ets>admonesstrare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonere</ets> to remind,

warn; <ets>ad + monere</ets> to warn. See

<er>Monition</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To warn or notify of a

fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to

exhort.</def> \'bd<xex>Admonish</xex> him as a brother.\'b8



<au>2 Thess. iii. 15.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or

advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by

<xex>of</xex>, <xex>against</xex>, or a subordinate clause.</def>



<q><qex>Admonishing</qex> one another in psalms and hymns.</q>

<qau>Col. iii. 16.</qau>



<q>I warned thee, I <qex>admonished</qex> thee, foretold

The danger, and the lurking enemy.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To instruct or direct; to inform; to

notify.</def>



<q>Moses was <qex>admonished</qex> of God, when he was about to

make the tabernacle.</q>

<qau>Heb. viii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Ad*mon"ish*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

admonishes.</def>



<hw>Ad*mon"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>amonestement</ets>, <ets>admonestement</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Admonition.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amonicioun</ets>, OF. <ets>amonition</ets>, F.

<ets>admonition</ets>, fr. L. <ets>admonitio</ets>, fr.

<ets>admonere</ets>. See <er>Admonish</er>.]</ety> <def>Gentle or

friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression

of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Admonition</er>, <er>Reprehension</er>,

<er>Reproof</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Admonition</xex> is

prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to

prevent further transgression. <xex>Reprehension</xex> and

<xex>reproof</xex> are retrospective, the former being milder

than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to

<xex>reprehension</xex> in case of wrong conduct; but

<xex>reproof</xex> is the act of a superior. It is authoritative

fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to

inferiors.</usage>



<hw>Ad`mo*ni"tion*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Admonisher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*mon"i*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Admonitory. <mark>[R.]</mark> </def><au>Barrow</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*mon"i*tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Admonisher; monitor.</def>



<q>Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent

<qex>admonitor</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<hw>Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Admonitory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdAn

<xex>admonitorial</xex> tone.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Ad*mon"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>admonitorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>That conveys admonition;

warning or reproving; <as>as, an <ex>admonitory</ex>

glance</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly</wf>,

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*mon"i*trix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>A female admonitor.</def>



<hw>Ad*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>admortizatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Amortization</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The reducing or lands or tenements to

mortmain. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*move"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>admovere</ets>. See <er>Move</er>.]</ety> <def>To move or

conduct to or toward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ad*nas"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adnascens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adnasci</ets> to be born,

grow.]</ety> <def>Growing to or on something else.</def> \'bdAn

<xex>adnascent</xex> plant.\'b8



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Ad"nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnasci</ets>. See

<er>Adnascent</er>, and cf. <er>Agnate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Grown to congenitally.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Growing together; -- said only

of organic cohesion of unlike parts.</def>



<q>An anther is <qex>adnate</qex> when fixed by its whole length

to the filament.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Growing with one side

adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of

corals and other compound animals.</def>



<hw>Ad*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or

sets of organs.</def>



<hw>Ad*nom"i*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad + nomen</ets> noun.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a

noun.</def> <au>Gibbs</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*nom"i*nal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad"noun`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>noun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>An adjective, or attribute.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ad*nu"bi*la`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adnubilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adnubilare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Clouded; obscured.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*do"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, (1) <pos>v. inf.</pos>, (2)

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>at do</ets>, northern form for

<ets>to do</ets>. Cf. <er>Affair</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

do; in doing; <as>as, there is nothing</as>.</def> \'bdWhat is

here <xex>ado</xex>?\'b8



<au>J. Newton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome

business; fuss; bustle; <as>as, to make a great <ex>ado</ex>

about trifles</as>.</def>



<q>With much <qex>ado</qex>, he partly kept awake.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Let's follow to see the end of this <qex>ado</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*do"be</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<def>An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an

adjective, <as>as, an <ex>adobe</ex> house, in Texas or New

Mexico</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad`o*les"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fr.,

fr. L. <ets>adolescentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of growing

up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period

of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be,

in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with

reference to the lower animals.</def>



<hw>Ad`o*les"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.</def>



<-- p. 24 -->



<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adolescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adolescere</ets> to grow up

to; <ets>ad</ets> + the inchoative <ets>olescere</ets> to grow:

cf. F. <ets>adolescent</ets>. See <er>Adult</er>.]</ety>

<def>Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.</def>



<q>Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,

Detain their <qex>adolescent</qex> charge too long.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Ad`o*les"cent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A youth.</def>



<hw>Ad`o*ne"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Adon<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Adonis;

Adonic.</def> \'bdFair <xex>Adonean</xex> Venus.\'b8



<au>Faber.</au>



<hw>A*don"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>adonique</ets>: cf. L. <ets>Adonius</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An Adonic verse.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Adonic verse</col>, <cd>a verse consisting of a dactyl

and spondee <pr>(#)</pr>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8A*do"nis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., gr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Myth.)</fld> <def>A youth

beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a

wild boar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a

dandy.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the

family <spn>Ranunculace\'91</spn>, containing the pheasaut's eye

<spn>(Adonis autumnalis)</spn>; -- named from Adonis, whose blood

was fabled to have stained the flower.</def>



<hw>A*do"nist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets><?/d<?/n\'bei</ets> my Lords.]</ety> <def>One who maintains

that points of the Hebrew word translated \'bdJehovah\'b8 are

really the vowel points of the word \'bdAdonai.\'b8 See

<er>Jehovist</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad"o*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adoniser</ets>, fr. <ets>Adonis</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

beautify; to dandify.</def>



<q>I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and

<qex>adonozing</qex> myself.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*door</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*doors</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw><def>At the door; of the door; <as>as, out

<ex>adoors</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>I took him in <qex>adoors</qex>.</q>

<qau>Vicar's Virgil (1630).</qau>



<hw>A*dopt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adopted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Adopting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>adoptare</ets>; <ets>ad + optare</ets> to choose, desire:

cf. F. <ets>adopter</ets>. See <er>Option</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take by choice into relationship, <as>as,

child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.</as> ; esp. to take

voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or

as, one's own child.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take or receive as one's own what is not so

naturally; to select and take or approve; <as>as, to

<ex>adopt</ex> the view or policy of another; these resolutions

were <ex>adopted</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>A*dopt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being adopted.</def>



<hw>A*dopt"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Taken by

adoption; taken up as one's own; <as>as, an <ex>adopted</ex> son,

citizen, country, word</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ed*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*dopt"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who adopts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A receiver, with two necks,

opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort,

and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in

distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase

the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose

openings have different diameters.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>adapter</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*dop"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adoptio</ets>, allied to <ets>adoptare</ets> to adopt: cf.

F. <ets>adoption</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a

child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admission to a more intimate relation;

reception; <as>as, the <ex>adoption</ex> of persons into

hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into

another</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The choosing and making that to be one's own

which originally was not so; acceptance; <as>as, the

<ex>adoption</ex> of opinions</as>.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>A*dop"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of

God not by nature but by adoption.</def>



<hw>A*dop"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adopted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*dopt"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adoptivus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adoptif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted

to adopt; <as>as, an <ex>adoptive</ex> father, an child; an

<ex>adoptive</ex> language.</as></def>  --

<wordforms><wf>A*dopt"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*dor`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adorableness.</def>



<hw>A*dor"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adorabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adorable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deserving to be

adored; worthy of divine honors.</def>



<q>The <qex>adorable</qex> Author of Christianity.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Worthy of the utmost love or respect.</def>



<hw>A*dor"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being adorable, or worthy of adoration.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>A*dor"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adorable

manner.</def>



<hw>Ad`o*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adoratio</ets>, fr. <ets>adorare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>adoration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of playing

honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of

addressing as a god.</def>



<q>The more immediate objects of popular <qex>adoration</qex>

amongst the heathens were deified human beings.</q>

<qau>Farmer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound

veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A method of electing a pope by the expression of

homage from two thirds of the conclave.</def>



<q>[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by

<qex>adoration</qex>.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>A*dore"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p. Adored <pr>(#)</pr>; p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Adoring</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aouren</ets>, <ets>anouren</ets>, <ets>adoren</ets>, OF.

<ets>aorer</ets>, <ets>adorer</ets>, F. <ets>adorer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adorare</ets>; <ets>ad + orare</ets> to speak, pray,

<ets>os</ets>, <ets>oris</ets>, mouth. In OE. confused with

<ets>honor</ets>, the French prefix <ets>a-</ets> being confused

with OE. <ets>a</ets>, <ets>an</ets>, on.  See

<er>Oral</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To worship with profound

reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as

divine.</def>



<q>Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James

<?/.] publicly <qex>adored</qex>.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To love in the highest degree; to regard with

the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.</def>



<q>The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and

<qex>adored</qex> Montouth.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>A*dore"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To adorn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Congealed little drops which do the morn <qex>adore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*dore"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

adoring; adoration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>A*dor"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent

admirer.</def> \'bdAn <xex>adorer</xex> of truth.\'b8



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<q>I profess myself her <qex>adorer</qex>, not her friend.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*dor"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With adoration.</def>



<hw>A*dorn"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adorned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Adorning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aournen</ets>,

<ets>anournen</ets>, <ets>adornen</ets>, OF. <ets>aorner</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>aaornare</ets>; <ets>ad + ornare</ets> to furnish,

embellish. See <er>Adore</er>, <er>Ornate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to

advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.</def>



<q>As a bride <qex>adorneth</qex> herself with her jewels.</q>

<qau>Isa. lxi. 10.</qau>



<q>At church, with meek and unaffected grace,

His looks <qex>adorned</qex> the venerable place.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify;

grace; dignify; exalt; honor.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Adorn</er>,

<er>Ornament</er>, <er>Decorate</er>, <er>Embellish</er>. We

<xex>decorate</xex> and <xex>ornament</xex> by putting on some

<xex>adjunct</xex> which is attractive or beautiful, and which

serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress

may be <xex>ornament</xex> or <xex>decorated</xex> with flowers

or jewelry; a hall may be <xex>decorated</xex> or

<xex>ornament</xex> with carving or gilding, with wreaths of

flowers, or with hangings. <xex>Ornament</xex> is used in a wider

sense than <xex>decorate</xex>. To <xex>embellish</xex> is to

beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or

details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes

means gaudy and artificial decoration. We <xex>embellish</xex> a

book with rich engravings; a style is <xex>embellished</xex> with

rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper <xex>embellishes</xex>

his front window to attract attention. <xex>Adorn</xex> is

sometimes identical with <xex>decorate</xex>, as when we say, a

lady was <xex>adorned</xex> with jewels. In other cases, it seems

to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings

as <xex>adorned</xex> with the works of some of the great

masters, or <xex>adorned</xex> with noble statuary and columns.

Here <xex>decorated</xex> and <xex>ornamented</xex> would hardly

be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond

mere show and ornament. <xex>Adorn</xex> may be used of what is

purely moral; <as>as, a character <ex>adorned</ex> with every

Christian grace</as>. Here neither <xex>decorate</xex>, nor

<xex>ornament</xex>, nor <xex>embellish</xex> is proper.</usage>



<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Adornment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*dorn"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Adorned; decorated.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ad`or*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adornment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*dorn"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>He who, or

that which, adorns; a beautifier.</def>



<hw>A*dorn"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By adorning;

decoratively.</def>



<hw>A*dorn"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>adornement</ets>. See <er>Adorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An

adorning; an ornament; a decoration.</def>



<hw>Ad*os"cu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adosculari</ets>, <ets>adosculatum</ets>, to kiss. See

<er>Osculate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Impregnation by

external contact, without intromission.</def>



<hw>A*down"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>adun</ets>, <ets>adoun</ets>, <ets>adune</ets>. AS. <ets>of

d</ets>\'d4<ets>ne</ets> off the hill. See <er>Down</er>.]</ety>

<def>From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on

the ground.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdThrice did she sink

<xex>adown</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*down"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Down.</def>

<mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>



<q>Her hair <qex>adown</qex> her shoulders loosely lay

displayed.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Ad*press"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adpressus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adprimere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Appressed</er>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*pressed"</wf>, <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*drad"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[P. p. of

<ets>adread</ets>.]</ety> <def>Put in dread; afraid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ad"ra*gant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

corruption of <ets>tragacanth</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gum

tragacanth.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>A*dread"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>andr\'91dan</ets>, <ets>ondr\'91</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets>

(for <ets>and</ets> against) + <ets>dr\'91den</ets> to dread. See

<er>Dread</er>.]</ety> <def>To dread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>A*dreamed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Visited

by a dream; -- used in the phrase, <xex>To be adreamed</xex>, to

dream.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*re"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>renal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Suprarenal.</def>



<hw>A"dri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Hadrianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea;

<as>as, <ex>Adrian</ex> billows</as>.</def>



<hw>A`dri*at"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Adriaticus</ets>, <ets>Hadriaticus</ets>, fr.

<ets>Adria</ets> or <ets>Hadria</ets>, a town of the

Veneti.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the

northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.</def>



<hw>A*drift"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>drift</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of

wind and waves. Also fig.</def>



<q>So on the sea shall be set <qex>adrift</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Were from their daily labor turned <qex>adrift</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>A*drip"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> in + <ets>drip</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a dripping

state; <as>as, leaves all <ex>adrip</ex></as>.</def>



<au>D. G. Mitchell.</au>



<hw>Ad"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Law)</fld> <def>To adopt (a

person who is his own master).</def>



<hw>Ad`ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adrogatio</ets>, <ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>adrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.

Law)</fld> <def>A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See

<er>Arrogation</er>.</def>



<hw>A*droit"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>adroit</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) =

<ets>droit</ets> straight, right, fr. L. <ets>directus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>dirigere</ets>. See <er>Direct</er>.]</ety>

<def>Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the

mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding

danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution;

-- applied to persons and to acts; <as>as, an <ex>adroit</ex>

mechanic, an <ex>adroit</ex> reply</as>.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Adroit</xex> in the application of the telescope and

quadrant.\'b8 <au>Horsley</au>. \'bdHe was <xex>adroit</xex> in

intrigue.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft;

ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.</syn>



<hw>A*droit"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adroit

manner.</def>



<hw>A*droit"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.</def>



<q><qex>Adroitness</qex> was as requisite as courage.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Skill</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*dry"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>on</ets>) + <ets>dry</ets>.]</ety>

<def>In a dry or thirsty condition.</def> \'bdA man that is

<xex>adry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Ad`sci*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adscitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adsciscere</ets>,

<ets>asciscere</ets>, to take knowingly; <ets>ad + sciscere</ets>

to seek to know, approve, <ets>scire</ets> to know.]</ety>

<def>Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.</def>

\'bd<xex>Adscititious</xex> evidence.\'b8 <au>Bowring</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad"script</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adscriptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adscribere</ets>   to

enroll. See <er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>Held to service as

attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.</def>



<hw>Ad"script</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One held to

service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Ad*scrip"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>adscriptivus</ets>. See <er>Adscript</er>.]</ety>

<def>Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable

with it.</def>



<au>Brougham.</au>



<hw>Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Additional signification.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>Ad*sig"ni*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adsignificare</ets> to show.]</ety> <def>To denote

additionally.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>Ad*strict"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*stric"tion</wf>, <pr>(#)</pr>

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms> <def>See <er>Astrict</er>, and

<er>Astriction</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*stric"to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Astrictory</er>.</def>



<hw>Ad*strin"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Astringent</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Adula</ets>, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine

specimens are found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent

or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which

often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by

lapidaries <xex>moonstone</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ad"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adulari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

flatter in a servile way.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Ad`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>adulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adulatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>adulari</ets>, <ets>adulatum</ets>, to flatter.]</ety>

<def>Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is

merited.</def>



<q>Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out

With titles blown from <qex>adulation</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness;

blandishment.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Adulation</er>,

<er>Flattery</er>, <er>Compliment</er>. Men deal in

<xex>compliments</xex> from a desire to please; they use

<xex>flattery</xex> either from undue admiration, or a wish to

gratify vanity; they practice <xex>adulation</xex> from sordid

motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy.

<xex>Compliment</xex> may be a sincere expression of due respect

and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; <xex>flattery</xex> is apt to

become gross; <xex>adulation</xex> is always servile, and usually

fulsome.</usage>



<hw>Ad"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>adulari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adulateur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

servile or hypocritical flatterer.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Ad"u*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adulatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>adulari</ets>: cf. OF.

<ets>adulatoire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing excessive praise or

compliment; servilely praising; flattering; <as>as, an

<ex>adulatory</ex> address</as>.</def>



<q>A mere rant of <qex>adulatory</qex> freedom.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Ad"u*la`tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman

who flatters with servility.</def>



<hw>A*dult"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adultus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adolescere</ets>, akin to

<ets>alere</ets> to nourish: cf. F. <ets>adulte</ets>. See

<er>Adolescent</er>, <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Having arrived at

maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; <as>as, an

<ex>adult</ex> person or plant; an <ex>adult</ex> ape; an

<ex>adult</ex> age.</as></def>



<hw>A*dult"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person, animal, or plant

grown to full size and strength; one who has reached

maturity.</def>



<note><hand/ In the <xex>common law</xex>, the term is applied to

a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the

<xex>civil law</xex>, to males after the age of fourteen, and to

females after twelve.</note>



<hw>A*dul"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To commit adultery; to

pollute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adulterans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adulterare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>That which is used to adulterate anything. --  

<xex>a</xex>. Adulterating; <as>as, <ex>adulterant</ex> agents

and processes</as>.</def>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adulterated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos> <er>Adulterating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>adulteratus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>adulterare</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets> adulterer, prob.

fr. <ets>ad + alter</ets>   other, properly one who approaches

another on account of unlawful love. Cf.

<er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To defile by adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an

admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; <as>as, to

<ex>adulterate</ex> food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.</as></def>



<q>The present war has . . . <qex>adulterated</qex> our tongue

with strange words.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate;

sophisticate.</syn>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To commit

adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Tainted with adultery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance;

adulterated; spurious.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>A*dul"ter*ate*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*dul`ter*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adulteratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink)

by foreign mixture.</def>



<q>The shameless <qex>adulteration</qex> of the coin.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An adulterated state or product.</def>



<hw>A*dul"ter*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who adulterates or corrupts.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed

fr. the verb <ets>adulter</ets>, with the E. ending

<ets>-er</ets>. See <er>Advoutrer</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual

intercourse with a woman not his wife.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A man who violates his

religious covenant.</def>



<au>Jer. ix. 2.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fem.

from L. <ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Advoutress</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman who commits adultery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A woman who violates her

religious engagements.</def>



<au>James iv. 4.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>adulterinus</ets>, fr. <ets>adulter</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious;

without the support of law; illegal.</def>



<q>When any particular class of artificers or traders thought

proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were

called <qex>adulterine</qex> guilds.</q>

<qau>Adam Smith.</qau>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An illegitimate

child.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

commit adultery.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery;

illicit.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by adulteration; spurious.</def>

\'bdAn <xex>adulterous</xex> mixture.\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>A*dul"ter*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an adulterous

manner.</def>



<hw>A*dul"ter*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Adulteries</plw><pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L.

<ets>adulterium</ets>. See <er>Advoutry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed;

sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife,

or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another

than her husband.</def>



<-- p. 25 -->



<note><hand/ It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer.



The word has also been used to characterize the act of an

unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United

States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful

intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called

<xex>double adultery</xex>; between a married and an unmarried

person, <xex>single adultery</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adulteration; corruption.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Script.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Lewdness or

unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh

commandment.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Faithlessness in

religion.</def>



<au>Jer. iii. 9.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The fine and penalty

imposed for the offense of adultery.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The intrusion of a person

into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Injury; degradation; ruin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the

<qex>adultery</qex> and spoil of nature.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>A*dult"ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being adult.</def>



<hw>Ad*um"brant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adumbrans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing

forth.</def>



<hw>Ad*um"brate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adumbratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adumbrare</ets>; <ets>ad +

umbrare</ets> to shade; <ets>umbra</ets> shadow.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give a faint shadow or slight representation

of; to outline; to shadow forth.</def>



<q>Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe

the invisible God is <qex>adumbrated</qex>.</q>

<qau>L. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overshadow; to shade.</def>



<hw>Ad`um*bra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adumbratio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

adumbrating, or shadowing forth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect

portrayal or representation of a thing.</def>



<q>Elegant <qex>adumbrations</qex> of sacred truth.</q>

<qau>Bp. Horsley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The shadow or outlines of a

figure.</def>



<hw>Ad*um"bra*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Faintly

representing; typical.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Ad`u*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adunatio</ets>; <ets>ad + unus</ets> one.]</ety> <def>A

uniting; union.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*dunc"</hw>, <hw>A*dunque"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Hooked;

<as>as, a parrot has an <ex>adunc</ex> bill</as>.</def>



<hw>A*dun"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aduncitas</ets>. See <er>Aduncous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Curvature inwards; hookedness.</def>



<q>The <qex>aduncity</qex> of the beaks of hawks.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>A*dun"cous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aduncus</ets>; <ets>ad + uncus</ets> hooked, hook.]</ety>

<def>Curved inwards; hooked.</def>



<hw>A*dure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adurere</ets>; <ets>ad + urere</ets> to burn.]</ety> <def>To

burn up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*dust"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adustus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>adurere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aduste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inflamed or scorched;

fiery. \'bdThe Libyan air <xex>adust</xex>.\'bd</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.</def>



<q>A tall, thin man, of an <qex>adust</qex> complexion.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Having much heat in the

constitution and little serum in the blood. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.</def>



<hw>A*dust"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Burnt; adust.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>A*dust"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be burnt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*dus"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adustio</ets>, fr. <ets>adurere</ets>, <ets>adustum</ets>:

cf. F. <ets>adustion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or

dried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Cauterization.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad va*lo"rem</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., according to

the value.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A term used to denote a

duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon

their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a

specific sum upon a given quantity or number; <as>as, an <ex>ad

valorem</ex> duty of twenty per cent</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Advanced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Advancing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>(#).]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avancen</ets>,

<ets>avauncen</ets>, F. <ets>avancer</ets>, fr. a supposed LL.

<ets>abantiare</ets>; <ets>ab + ante</ets> (F. <ets>avant</ets>)

before. The spelling with <ets>d</ets> was a mistake,

<ets>a-</ets> being supposed to be fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>. See

<er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring forward; to

move towards the van or front; to make to go on.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To raise; to elevate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>They . . . <qex>advanced</qex> their eyelids.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise to a higher rank; to promote.</def>



<q>Ahasueres . . . <qex>advanced</qex> him, and set his seat

above all the princes.</q>

<qau>Esther iii. 1.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accelerate the growth or progress; to

further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; <as>as, to

<ex>advance</ex> the ripening of fruit; to <ex>advance</ex> one's

interests.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose;

to show; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> an argument</as>.</def>



<q>Some ne'er <qex>advance</qex> a judgment of their own.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To make earlier, as an event or date; to

hasten.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To furnish, as money or other value, before it

becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand;

<as>as, a merchant <ex>advances</ex> money on a contract or on

goods consigned to him</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise

in rate; <as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> the price of

goods</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To extol; to laud.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Greatly <qex>advancing</qex> his gay chivalry.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve;

heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.</syn>



<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or

go forward; to proceed; <as>as, he <ex>advanced</ex> to greet

me</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase or make progress in any respect;

<as>as, to <ex>advance</ex> in knowledge, in stature, in years,

in price</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be

preferred or promoted.</def>



<q><qex>Advanced</qex> to a level with ancient peers.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Ad*vance"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avance</ets>,

fr. <ets>avancer</ets>. See <er>Advance</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of advancing or

moving forward or upward; progress.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Improvement or progression, physically,

mentally, morally, or socially; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> in

health, knowledge, or religion; an <ex>advance</ex> in rank or

office.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An addition to the price; rise in price or

value; <as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> on the prime cost of

goods</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The first step towards the attainment of a

result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to

adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; --

usually in the plural.</def>



<q>[He] made the like <qex>advances</qex> to the dissenters.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A furnishing of something before an equivalent

is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or

on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished;

money or value supplied beforehand.</def>



<q>I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary

<qex>advances</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jay.</qau>



<q>The account was made up with intent to show what

<qex>advances</qex> had been made.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<cs><col>In advance</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In front; before.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Beforehand; before an equivalent is

received.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>In the state of having advanced

money on account; as, A is <xex>advance<xex> to B a thousand

dollars or pounds.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad*vance"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Before in

place, or beforehand in time; -- used for <xex>advanced</xex>;

<as>as, an <ex>advance</ex> guard, or that before the main guard

or body of an army; <ex>advance</ex> payment, or that made before

it is due; <ex>advance</ex> proofs, <ex>advance</ex> sheets,

pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of

publication.</as></def>



<hw>Ad*vanced"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In the van or front.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the front or before others, as regards

progress or ideas; <as>as, <ex>advanced</ex> opinions,

<ex>advanced</ex> thinkers</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Far on in life or time.</def>



<q>A gentleman <qex>advanced</qex> in years, with a hard

experience written in his wrinkles.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<cs><col>Advanced guard</col>, <cd>a detachment of troops which

precedes the march of the main body.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad*vance"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avancement</ets>, F. <ets>avancement</ets>. See

<er>Advance</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression;

improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity;

<as>as, the <ex>advancement</ex> of learning</as>.</def>



<q>In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other)

rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's

<qex>advancement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<q>True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint

<qex>advancement</qex> of the virtue and happiness of the

people.</q>

<qau>Horsley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An advance of money or value; payment in

advance. See <er>Advance</er>, 5.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Property given, usually by a

parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Settlement on a wife, or jointure.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ad*van"cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who advances; a promoter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A second branch of a buck's antler.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Ad*van"cive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

advance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw> <pr>(?; 61, 48)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>avantage</ets>, <ets>avauntage</ets>, F.

<ets>avantage</ets>, fr. <ets>avant</ets> before. See

<er>Advance</er>, and cf. <er>Vantage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means,

particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end;

benefit; <as>as, the enemy had the <ex>advantage</ex> of a more

elevated position</as>.</def>



<q>Give me <qex>advantage</qex> of some brief discourse.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>advantages</qex> of a close alliance.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Superiority; mastery; -- with <xex>of</xex> or

<xex>over</xex>.</def>



<q>Lest Satan should get an <qex>advantage</qex> of us.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. ii. 11.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Superiority of state, or that which gives it;

benefit; gain; profit; <as>as, the <ex>advantage</ex> of a good

constitution</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the

thirteenth in the baker's dozen).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And with <qex>advantage</qex> means to pay thy love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Advantage ground</col>, <cd>vantage ground.

<mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Clarendon</au>.</cd> -- <col>To have the

advantage of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a personal knowledge of

one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge.</cd>  \'bdYou

<xex>have the advantage of<xex> me; I don't remember ever to have

had the honor.\'b8 <au>Sheridan</au>. -- <col>To take advantage

of</col>, <cd>to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to

overreach, to outwit.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Advantage</er>, <er>Advantageous</er>,

<er>Benefit</er>, <er>Beneficial</er>.</syn> <usage> We speak of

a thing as a <xex>benefit</xex>, or as <xex>beneficial</xex>,

when it is simply productive of good; as, the <xex>benefits</xex>

of early discipline; the <xex>beneficial</xex> effects of

adversity. We speak of a thing as an <xex>advantage</xex>, or as

<xex>advantageous</xex>, when it affords us the means of getting

forward, and places us on a \'bdvantage ground\'b8 for further

effort. Hence, there is a difference between the

<xex>benefits</xex> and the <xex>advantages</xex> of early

education; between a <xex>beneficial</xex> and an

<xex>advantageous</xex> investment of money.</usage>



<hw>Ad*van"tage</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Advantaged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Advantaging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>avantager</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>. See

<er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To give an advantage to; to

further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.</def>



<q>The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to

comply with the court designs, <qex>advantaged</qex> his

adversaries against him.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>What is a man <qex>advantaged</qex>, if he gain the whole

world, and lose himself, or be cast away?</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 25.</qau>



<cs><col>To advantage one's self of</col>, <cd>to avail one's

self of. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Ad*van"tage*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avantageux</ets>, fr. <ets>avantage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Being

of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful;

beneficial; <as>as, an <ex>advantageous</ex> position; trade is

<ex>advantageous</ex> to a nation.</as></def>



<q><qex>Advabtageous</qex> comparison with any other country.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift

and <qex>advantageous</qex> a harbinger it is, wherever one

goes.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Profitably;

with advantage.</def>



<hw>Ad`van*ta"geous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Profitableness.</def>



<hw>Ad*vene"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>advenire</ets>; <ets>ad + venire</ets> to come: cf. F.

<ets>avenir</ets>, <ets>advenir</ets>. See <er>Come</er>.]</ety>

<def>To accede, or come (<xex>to</xex>); to be added to something

or become a part of it, though not essential.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Where no act of the will <qex>advenes</qex> as a

coefficient.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ad*ven"ient</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adviens</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>Coming from outward

causes; superadded. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad`vent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adventus</ets>, fr. <ets>advenire</ets>,

<ets>adventum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>avent</ets>. See

<er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The

period including the four Sundays before Christmas.</def>



<cs><col>Advent Sunday</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>the first

Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday

to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).</cd></cs>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The first or the expected second coming of

Christ.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Coming; any important arrival; approach.</def>



<q>Death's dreadful <qex>advent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<q>Expecting still his <qex>advent</qex> home.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ad"vent*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the

proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also

<altname>Second Adventists</altname>.</def>



<au>Schaff-Herzog Encyc.</au>



<hw>Ad`ven*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adventitius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Added

extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal;

additional; supervenient; foreign.</def>



<q>To things of great dimensions, if we annex an

<qex>adventitious</qex> idea of terror, they become without

comparison greater.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Out of the proper or

usual place; <as>as, <ex>adventitious</ex> buds or

roots</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Accidentally or sparingly

spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized;

adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acquired, as diseases;

accidental.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Accidental.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Adventitious.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ad*ven"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thing or person coming

from without; an immigrant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ad*ven"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the season of advent.</def>



<au>Sanderson.</au>



<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aventure</ets>, <ets>aunter</ets>, <ets>anter</ets>, F.

<ets>aventure</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adventura</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>advenire</ets>, <ets>adventum</ets>, to arrive, which in the

Romance languages took the sense of \'bdto happen, befall.\'b8

See <ets>Advene</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which happens without design; chance;

hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.</def>



<q>Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at

all <qex>adventures</qex>, be fastened upon him individually.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Risk; danger; peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He was in great <qex>adventure</qex> of his life.</q>

<qau>Berners.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The encountering of risks; hazardous and

striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to

be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a

daring feat.</def>



<q>He loved excitement and <qex>adventure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a

stirring incident; <as>as, the <ex>adventures</ex> of one's

life</as>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A mercantile or speculative enterprise of

hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own

account.</def>



<cs><col>A bill of adventure</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a

writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's

risk.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.</syn>



<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Adventured</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Adventuring</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>aventuren</ets>, <ets>auntren</ets>, F.

<ets>aventurer</ets>, fr. <ets>aventure</ets>. See

<er>Adventure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.</def>



<q>He would not <qex>adventure</qex> himself into the

theater.</q>

<qau>Acts xix. 31.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To venture upon; to run the risk of; to

dare.</def>



<q>Yet they <qex>adventured</qex> to go back.</q>

<qau>Bunyan,</qau>



<q>Discriminations might be <qex>adventured</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ad*ven"ture</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To try the chance; to

take the risk.</def>



<q>I would <qex>adventure</qex> for such merchandise.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ad*ven"ture*ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given

to adventure.</def>



<hw>Ad*ven"tur*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aventurier</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who adventures; <as>as, the merchant

<ex>adventurers</ex></as>; one who seeks his fortune in new and

hazardous or perilous enterprises.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A social pretender on the lookout for

advancement.</def>



<hw>Ad*ven"ture*some</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full

of risk; adventurous; venturesome.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*ven"ture*some*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal

means.</def>



<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aventurous</ets>, <ets>aunterous</ets>, OF.

<ets>aventuros</ets>, F. <ets>aventureux</ets>, fr.

<ets>aventure</ets>. See <er>Adventure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard;

prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; --

applied to persons.</def>



<q>Bold deed thou hast presumed, <qex>adventurous</qex> Eve.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to

danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; <as>as, an

<ex>adventurous</ex> undertaking, deed, song</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring;

hazardous; venturesome. See <er>Rash</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.</def>



<hw>Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.</def>



<hw>Ad"verb</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adverbium</ets>; <ets>ad + verbum</ets> word, verb: cf. F.

<ets>adverbe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A word used to

modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other

adverb, and usually placed near it; <as>as, he writes

<ex>well</ex>; paper <ex>extremely</ex> white.</as></def>



<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adverbialis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>adverbial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb;

<as>as, an <ex>adverbial</ex> phrase or form</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being adverbial.</def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

give the force or form of an adverb to.</def>



<hw>Ad*ver"bi*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

an adverb.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ad`ver*sa"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>adversaria</ets> (sc. <ets>scripta</ets>), neut.

pl. of <ets>adversarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>A miscellaneous

collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book;

also, commentaries or notes.</def>



<q>These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's

<qex>adversaria</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Bull.</qau>



<hw>Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hostile.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Ad`ver*sa*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Adversaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>adversarie</ets>, direct fr. the Latin, and

<ets>adversaire</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>adversier</ets>,

<ets>aversier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adversarius</ets> (a.) turned

toward, (n.) an adversary. See <er>Adverse</er>.]</ety> <def>One

who is turned against another or others with a design to

oppose<-- p. 26 --> or resist them; a member of an opposing or

hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.</def>



<q>His ancient knot of dangerous <qex>adversaries</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Agree with thine <qex>adversary</qex> quickly.</q>

<qau>Matt. v. 25.</qau>



<q>It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is

to dispute without an <qex>adversary</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<cs><col>The Adversary</col>, <cd>The Satan, or the

Devil.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Adversary</er>, <er>Enemy</er>,

<er>Opponent</er>, <er>Antagonist</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Enemy</xex> is the only one of these words which necessarily

implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be

<xex>adversaries</xex>, <xex>antagonists</xex>, or

<xex>opponents</xex> to each other in certain respects, and yet

have no feelings of general animosity. An <xex>adversary</xex>

may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position,

as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An

<xex>opponent</xex> is one who is ranged against another (perhaps

passively) on the opposing side; as a political

<xex>opponent</xex>, an <xex>opponent</xex> in debate. An

<xex>antagonist</xex> is one who struggles against another with

active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal

debate.</usage>



<hw>Ad"ver*sa*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bp. King.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Having an opposing party; not

unopposed; <as>as, an <ex>adversary</ex> suit</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adversativus</ets>, fr. <ets>adversari</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; <as>as,

an <ex>adversative</ex> conjunction (<ex>but</ex>,

<ex>however</ex>, <ex>yet</ex>, etc.</as> ); an

<xex>adversative</xex> force.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad*ver"sa*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adversative

word.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<hw>Ad"verse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>advers</ets>, OF. <ets>avers</ets>, <ets>advers</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>adversus</ets>, p. p. <ets>advertere</ets> to turn to.

See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Acting against, or in a contrary direction;

opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; <as>as,

<ex>adverse</ex> winds; an <ex>adverse</ex> party; a spirit

<ex>adverse</ex> to distinctions of caste.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposite.</def> \'bdCalpe's <xex>adverse</xex>

height.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In hostile opposition to; unfavorable;

unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous;

afflictive; hurtful; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex> fates,

<ex>adverse</ex> circumstances, things

<ex>adverse</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and

wisely as we endure an <qex>adverse</qex> fortune.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<cs><col>Adverse possession</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a

possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of

title in another person.</cd>



<au>Abbott.</au>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See

<er>Averse</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ad*verse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>adversari</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>averser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

oppose; to resist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Ad"verse*ly</hw> <pr>(277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.</def>



<hw>Ad"verse*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being adverse; opposition.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>adver + folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so

arranged on the stem.</def>



<hw>Ad*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>adversio</ets>]</ety> <def>A turning towards;

attention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Ad*ver"si*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Adversities</plw><pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>adversite</ets>, F. <ets>adversit\'82</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adversitas</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Opposition;

contrariety.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q><qex>Adversity</qex> is not without comforts and hopes.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble;

suffering; trial.</syn>



<hw>Ad*vert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Adverted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Adverting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>advertere</ets>, v. t., to turn to; <ets>ad + vertere</ets>

to turn: cf. F. <ets>avertir</ets>. See

<er>Advertise</er>.]</ety> <def>To turn the mind or attention; to

refer; to take heed or notice; -- with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, he

<ex>adverted</ex> to what was said</as>.</def>



<q>I may again <qex>advert</qex> to the distinction.</q>

<qau>Owen.</qau>



<syn>Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad*vert"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ad*vert"en*cy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw><ety>[OF. <ets>advertence</ets>,

<ets>avertence</ets>, LL. <ets>advertentia</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>advertens</ets>. See <er>Advertent</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention;

notice; regard; heedfulness.</def>



<q>To this difference it is right that <qex>advertence</qex>

should be had in regulating taxation.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<hw>Ad*vert"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>advertens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>advertere</ets>. See <er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>Attentive;

heedful; regardful.</def> <au>Sir M. Hale</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>Ad*vert"ent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ad`ver*tise"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Advertised</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Advertising</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>avertir</ets>, formerly

also spelt <ets>advertir</ets>, to warn, give notice to, L.

<ets>advertere</ets> to turn to. The ending was probably

influenced by the noun <ets>advertisement</ets>. See

<er>Advert</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice to; to inform or

apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often

followed by <xex>of</xex> before the subject of information;

<as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> a man of his loss</as>.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I will <qex>advertise</qex> thee what this people shall

do.</q>

<qau>Num. xxiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give public notice of; to announce publicly,

esp. by a printed notice; <as>as, to <ex>advertise</ex> goods for

sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political

meeting</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce;

proclaim; promulgate; publish.</syn>



<hw>Ad*ver"tise*ment</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.<ets>avertisement</ets>, formerly also spelled

<ets>advertissement</ets>, a warning, giving notice, fr.

<ets>avertir</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of informing

or notifying; notification.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>An <qex>advertisement</qex> of danger.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admonition; advice; warning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Therefore give me no counsel:

My griefs cry louder than <qex>advertisement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A public notice, especially a paid notice in

some public print; anything that advertises; <as>as, a newspaper

containing many <ex>advertisement</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ad`ver*tis"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, advertises.</def>



<hw>Ad*vice"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avis</ets>, F. <ets>avis</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> + OF.

<ets>vis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>visum</ets> seemed, seen; really p.

p. of <ets>videre</ets> to see, so that <ets>vis</ets> meant that

which has seemed best. See <er>Vision</er>, and cf.

<er>Avise</er>, <er>Advise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed;

counsel.</def>



<q>We may give <qex>advice</qex>, but we can not give

conduct.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deliberate consideration; knowledge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How shall I dote on her with more <qex>advice</qex>,

That thus without <qex>advice</qex> begin to love her?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Information or notice given; intelligence;

<as>as, late <ex>advices</ex> from France</as>; -- commonly in

the plural.</def>



<note><hand/ In commercial language, <xex>advice</xex> usually

means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in

reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of

<xex>advice</xex>.</note>



<au>McElrath.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Crim. Law)</fld> <def>Counseling to perform a

specific illegal act.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<cs><col>Advice boat</col>, <cd>a vessel employed to carry

dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat.</cd> -- <col>To

take advice</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To accept advice.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To consult with another or others.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition;

exhortation; information; notice.</syn>



<hw>Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being advisable; advisableness.</def>



<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient;

prudent.</def>



<q>Some judge it <qex>advisable</qex> for a man to account with

his heart every day.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ready to receive advice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.</syn>



<hw>Ad*vis"a*ble-ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.</def>



<hw>Ad*vis"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With advice;

wisely.</def>



<hw>Ad*vise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Advised</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Advising</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>avisen</ets> to

perceive, consider, inform, F. <ets>aviser</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>advisare</ets>. <ets>advisare</ets>; <ets>ad + visare</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>videre</ets>, <ets>visum</ets>, to see. See

<er>Advice</er>, and cf. <er>Avise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or

expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn.</def> \'bdI shall

no more <xex>advise</xex> thee.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give information or notice to; to inform; --

with <xex>of</xex> before the thing communicated; <as>as, we were

<ex>advised</ex> of the risk</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To advise one's self</col>, <cd>to bethink one's self;

to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>Bid thy master well <qex>advise</qex> himself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.</syn>



<hw>Ad*vise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To consider;

to deliberate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Advise</qex> if this be worth attempting.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by

<xex>with</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>advise</ex> with

friends</as>.</def>



<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With deliberate purpose; purposely; by

design.</def>  \'bd<xex>Advisedly</xex> undertaken.\'b8



<au>Suckling.</au>



<hw>Ad*vis"ed*ness</hw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Deliberate

consideration; prudent procedure; caution.</def>



<hw>Ad*vise"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avisement</ets>, F. <ets>avisement</ets>, fr.

<ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, and cf.

<er>Avisement</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Counsel; advise; information.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>And mused awhile, waking <qex>advisement</qex> takes of what

had passed in sleep.</q>

<qau>Daniel.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consideration; deliberation; consultation.</def>



<q>Tempering the passion with <qex>advisement</qex> slow.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ad*vis"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

advises.</def>



<hw>Ad*vis"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of an

adviser.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*vi"so</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sp.

<ets>aviso</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice;

counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ad*vi"so*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

power to advise; containing advice; <as>as, an <ex>advisory</ex>

council; their opinion is merely <ex>advisory</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The General Association has a general <qex>advisory</qex>

superintendence over all the ministers and churches.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Ad"vo*ca*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>advocatie</ets>, LL. <ets>advocatia</ets>. See

<er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of pleading for or

supporting; work of advocating; intercession.</def>



<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avocat</ets>, <ets>avocet</ets>, OF. <ets>avocat</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>advocatus</ets>, one summoned or called to another;

properly the p. p. of <ets>advocare</ets> to call to, call to

one's aid; <ets>ad + vocare</ets> to call. See <er>Advowee</er>,

<er>Avowee</er>, <er>Vocal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the

cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a

counselor.</def>



<note><hand/ In the English and American Law, <xex>advocate</xex>

is the same as \'bdcounsel,\'b8 \'bdcounselor,\'b8 or

\'bdbarrister.\'b8 In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the

term signifies the same as \'bdcounsel\'b8 at the common

law.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any

cause by argument; a pleader; <as>as, an <ex>advocate</ex> of

free trade, an <ex>advocate</ex> of truth</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Christ, considered as an intercessor.</def>



<q>We have an <qex>Advocate</qex> with the Father.</q>

<qau>1 John ii. 1.</qau>



<cs><col>Faculty of advocates</col> <fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the

Scottish bar in Edinburgh.</cd> -- <col>Lord advocate</col>

<fld>(Scot.)</fld>, <cd>the public prosecutor of crimes, and

principal crown lawyer.</cd> -- <col>Judge advocate</col>. 

<cd>See under <er>Judge</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Advocated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Advocating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Advocate</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Advoke</er>, <er>Avow</er>.]</ety> <def>To

plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or

the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.</def>



<q>To <qex>advocate</qex> the cause of thy client.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson (1624).</qau>



<q>This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been

<qex>advocated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Eminent orators were engaged to <qex>advocate</qex> his

cause.</q>

<qau>Mitford.</qau>



<hw>Ad"vo*cate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act as

advocate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ad"vo*cate*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office or duty of an

advocate.</def>



<hw>Ad`vo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>advocatio</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>avocation</ets>. See

<er>Advowson</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of advocating

or pleading; plea; advocacy.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual

<qex>advocation</qex> for us.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Advowson.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The donations or <qex>advocations</qex> of church livings.</q>

<qau>Sanderson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The process of removing a

cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.</def>



<au>Bell.</au>



<hw>Ad"vo*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an advocate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*voke"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>advocare</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

summon; to call.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to

<qex>advoke</qex> the cause to Rome.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Ad`vo*lu"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>advolvere</ets>, <ets>advolutum</ets>, to roll to.]</ety>

<def>A rolling toward something.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*vou"trer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avoutre</ets>, <ets>avoltre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adulter</ets>. Cf. <er>Adulterer</er>.]</ety> <def>An

adulterer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*vou"tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

adulteress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ad*vou"try</hw>, <hw>Ad*vow"try</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>avoutrie</ets>,

<ets>avouterie</ets>, <ets>advoutrie</ets>, OF.

<ets>avoutrie</ets>, <ets>avulterie</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adulterium</ets>. Cf. <er>Adultery</er>.]</ety>

<def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ad*vow*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avowe</ets>, F. <ets>avou\'82</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>advocatus</ets>. See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avowee</er>,

<er>Avoyer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who has an advowson.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Ad*vow"son</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avoweisoun</ets>, OF. <ets>avo\'89son</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>advocatio</ets>. Cf. <er>Advocation</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or

living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron

(<xex>advocatus</xex>) or protector of a benefice, and thus

privileged to nominate or present to it.]</def>



<note><hand/ The benefices of the Church of England are in every

case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number;

the <xex>advowson</xex> of more than half of them belongs to

private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops,

deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.</note>



<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ad*voy"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Avoyer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ad*ward"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Award.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad`y*na"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>adynamia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ want of strength; <?/ priv + <?/

power, strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Considerable

debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ad`y*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>adynamique</ets>. See <er>Adynamy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or characterized by,

debility of the vital powers; weak.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Characterized by the

absence of power or force.</def>



<cs><col>Adynamic fevers</col>, <cd>malignant or putrid fevers

attended with great muscular debility.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*dyn"a*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adynamia.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Morin.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ad"y*tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><plu>

<plw>Adyta</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, n., fr. <?/,

a., not to be entered; <?/ priv. + <?/ to enter.]</ety> <def>The

innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles

were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Adz</hw>, <hw>Adze</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>adese</ets>, <ets>adis</ets>,

<ets>adse</ets>, AS. <ets>adesa</ets>, <ets>adese</ets>, ax,

hatchet.]</ety> <def>A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with

a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is

used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.</def>



<hw>Adz</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut with an adz.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'92</hw> or <hw>Ae</hw></mhw>. <def>A diphthong in the

Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the

Gr. <?/. The Anglo-Saxon short <xex>\'91</xex> was generally

replaced by <xex>a</xex>, the long <?/ by <xex>e</xex> or

<xex>ee</xex>. In derivatives from Latin words with

<xex>ae</xex>, it is mostly superseded by <xex>e</xex>. For most

words found with this initial combination, the reader will

therefore search under the letter E.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92*cid"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>\'92cidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., dim. of Gr.

<?/ injury.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A form of fruit in the

cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi,

formerly considered independent plants.</def>



<hw>\'92"dile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aedilis</ets>, fr. <ets>aedes</ets> temple, public building.

Cf. <er>Edify</er>.]</ety> <def>A magistrate in ancient Rome, who

had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows,

etc.; hence, a municipal officer.</def>



<hw>\'92"dile*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of an

\'91dile.</def>



<au>T. Arnold.</au>



<hw>\'92*ge"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aegeus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See

<er>Archipelago</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92`gi*cra"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, goat + <?/, n. pl., heads.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Sculptured ornaments, used in classical

architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.</def>



<hw>\'92g"i*lops</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aegilopis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, gen. <?/, goat + <?/

eye.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ulcer or

fistula in the inner corner of the eye.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The great

wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed.</def> <au>Crabb</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants, called also

<altname>hardgrass</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92"gis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aegis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a goat skin, a shield, <?/ goat, or

fr. <?/ to rush.]</ety> <def>A shield or protective armor; --

applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to

Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.</def>



<hw>\'92*goph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Egophony</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92*gro"tat</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

he is sick.]</ety> <fld>(Camb. Univ.)</fld> <def>A medical

certificate that a student is ill.</def>



<hw>\'92*ne"id</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aeneis</ets>, <ets>Aeneidis</ets>, or <ets>-dos</ets>: cf.

F. <ets><?/n\'82de</ets>.]</ety> <def>The great epic poem of

Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.</def>



<hw>A*\'89"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>a\'89neus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Colored

like bronze.</def>



<hw>\'92*o"li*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aeolius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by

the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; <as>as, the

<ex>\'92olian</ex> dialect</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the

winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.</def>



<q>Viewless forms the <qex>\'91olian</qex> organ play.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<cs><col>\'92olian attachment</col>, <cd>a contrivance often

attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations,

increases the <-- p. 27 --> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a

stream of air upon the strings. <au>Moore</au>.</cd> --

>mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre</mcol>, <cd>a musical

instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched

strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually

placed at an open window. <au>Moore</au>.</cd> -- <col>\'92olian

mode</col> <fld>(Mus.)<fld>, one of the ancient Greek and early

ecclesiastical modes.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'92*ol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aeolicus</ets>; Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>\'92olian, 1; <as>as,

the <ex>\'92olic</ex> dialect; the <ex>\'92olic</ex>

mode.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'92*ol"i*pile</hw>, <hw>\'92*ol"i*pyle</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>aeolipilae</ets>;

<ets>Aeolus</ets> god of the winds + <ets>pila</ets> a ball, or

Gr. <?/ gate (<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., doorway of \'92olus);

cf. F. <ets>\'82olipyle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus

consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder)

with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is

made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>eolipile</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of

Alexandria about 200 years <sc>b. c.</sc> It has often been

called the first steam engine.</note>



<hw>\'92`o*lo*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ changeful + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Exhibiting differences of quality or

property in different directions; not isotropic.</def>



<au>Sir W. Thomson.</au>



<hw>\'92`o*lot"ro*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Difference of quality or property in

different directions.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92"o*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. & Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of the

winds.</def>



<hw>\'92"on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A period of

immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See

<er>Eon</er>.</def>



<hw>\'92*o"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Eternal; everlasting.</def>

\'bd<xex>\'92onian</xex> hills.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>\'d8\'92`py*or"nis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ high + <?/ bird.]</ety> <def>A gigantic bird found fossil in

Madagascar.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>A<?/rated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>A<?/rating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rer</ets>. See

<er>Air</er>,<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To combine

or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly

called <xex>fixed air</xex>.</def>



<q>His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from <qex>a\'89rated</qex>

natural fountains.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To supply or impregnate with common air; <as>as,

to <ex>a\'89rate</ex> soil; to <ex>a\'89rate</ex>

water.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>To expose to the chemical

action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to

arterialize.</def>



<cs><col>A\'89rated bread</col>, <cd>bread raised by charging

dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in

the dough by fermentation.</cd></cs>



<hw>A`\'89r*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>a\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exposure to the

free action of the air; airing; <as>as, <ex>a\'89ration</ex> of

soil, of spawn, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A change produced in the

blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the

blood in respiration; arterialization.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or preparation of charging with carbonic

acid gas or with oxygen.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging

mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.</def>



<hw>A*\'89"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>a\'89rius</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or

frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed

in the air; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> regions or

currents</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>A\'89rial</xex> spirits.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. \'bd<xex>A\'89rial</xex> voyages.\'b8

<au>Darwin</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of

the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; <as>as,

<ex>a\'89rial</ex> spires</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as

opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground;

<as>as, <ex>a\'89rial</ex> rootlets, <ex>a\'89rial</ex>

plants</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Light as air; ethereal.</def>



<cs><col>A\'89rial acid</col>, <cd>carbonic acid.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <xex>Ure<xex>.</cd> -- <col>A\'89rial

perspective</col>. <cd>See <er>Perspective</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being a\'89rial; <?/nsubstantiality.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>A*\'89"ri*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like,

or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner.</def> \'bdA murmur

heard <xex>a\'89rially</xex>.\'b8



<au> Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Ae"rie</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aire</ets>, <ets>eire</ets>, <ets>air</ets>, nest, also

origin, descent, OF. <ets>aire</ets>, LL. <ets>area</ets>,

<ets>aera</ets>, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L.

<ets>area</ets> an open space (for birds of prey like to build

their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks).

Cf. <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <def>The nest of a bird of prey, as of

an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie.

<au>Shak</au>. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place

perched like an eagle's nest.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Conveying or containing

air; air-bearing; <as>as, the windpipe is an

<ex>a\'89riferous</ex> tube</as>.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rification</ets>. See

<er>A<?/rify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of combining

air with another substance, or the state of being filled with

air.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing

from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state

of being a\'89riform.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*i*form</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-form</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82riforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form or nature of

air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*i*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>a\'89r</ets> air + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To infuse air into; to combine air with.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change into an a\'89riform state.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, air.]</ety> <def>The

combining form of the Greek word meaning <xex>air</xex>.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ life.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact

with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the

microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive

fluids.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?; 101)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of,

a\'89robies; <as>as, <ex>a\'89robiotic</ex> plants, which live

only when supplied with free oxygen</as>.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*cyst</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the air cells of algals.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the force of air in motion.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>dynamics</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rodynamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats

of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force,

and of their mechanical effects.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*og"no*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowing, knowledge: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rognosie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which treats of

the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in

nature.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a\'89rography;

a\'89rological.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the air

or atmosphere; a\'89rology.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>hydrodynamic</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Acting by the force of air and water; <as>as, an

<ex>a\'89rohydrodynamic</ex> wheel</as>.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A

stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from

distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.</def>



<note><hand/ Some writers limit the word to <xex>stony</xex>

meteorites.</note>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*lith</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>A<?/rolite</er>.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science of a\'89rolites.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; <as>as,

<ex>a\'89rolitic</ex> iron</as>.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in a\'89rology.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That department of physics

which treats of the atmosphere.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82romancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination from the state

of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting

changes in the weather.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>\'82rom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a\'89rometry; <as>as, <ex>a\'89rometric</ex>

investigations</as>.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>-metry</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>\'82rom\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of measuring

the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity,

rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*naut</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>a\'82ronaute</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ sailor. See

<er>Nautical</er>.]</ety> <def>An a\'89rial navigator; a

balloonist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82ronauitique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*naut"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means

of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`\'89r*oph"o*by</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rophobie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dread of

a current of air.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*phyte</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ plant, <?/ to grow: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rophyte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant

growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from

it; an air plant or epiphyte.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*plane`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>plane</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which

floats in the air only when propelled through it.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*scope</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to look out.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An apparatus designed for collecting

spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a looking out; <?/ to spy

out.]</ety> <def>The observation of the state and variations of

the atmosphere.</def>



<hw>\'92*rose"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aerosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aes</ets>, <ets>aeris</ets>, brass,

copper.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or like, copper;

brassy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>siderite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A mass of meteoric iron.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*sphere</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + <ets>sphere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rosph\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>The atmosphere.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A"\'89r*o*stat</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>a\'82rostat</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ air + <?/ placed. See

<er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A balloon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.</def>



<mhw>{<hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,}</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>A\'89ro-</ets> + Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>a\'82rostatique</ets>. See <er>Statical</er>,

<er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A\'89ronautic; <as>as, an <ex>a\'89rostatic</ex>

voyage</as>.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*o*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic

fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes

a\'89ronautics.</def>



<hw>A`\'89r*os*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>a\'82rostation</ets> the art of using

<ets>a\'89rostats</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A\'89rial

navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the

air.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of weighing air;

a\'89rostatics.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'92*ru"gi*nous</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aeruginosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aerugo</ets> rust of copper, fr.

<ets>aes</ets> copper: cf. F. <ets>\'82rugineux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of

copper.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92*ru"go</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aes</ets> brass, copper.]</ety> <def>The rust of any metal,

esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.</def>



<hw>Ae"ry</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aerie.</def>



<hw>A"\'89r*y</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Air</er>.]</ety> <def>A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal;

visionary.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>M. Arnold</au>.



<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*an</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical;

medicinal.</def>



<hw>\'92s`cu*la"pi*us</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aesculapius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>

<def>The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.</def>



<hw>\'92s"cu*lin</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Esculin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'92*so"pi*an</hw>, <hw>E*so"pi*an</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Aesopius</ets>, from Gr. <?/, fr. the

famous Greek fabulist \'92sop <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'92*sop"ic</hw>, <hw>E*sop"ic</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aesopicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>\'92sopian</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92s*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ sensation, fr. <?/ to perceive.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Perception by the senses; feeling; --

the opposite of <xex>an\'91sthesia</xex>.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter</hw>, <hw>Es*the`si*om"e*ter</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (see

<er>\'92sthesia</er>) + \'cf<ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at

how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be

distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of

tactile sensibility is normal or altered.</def>



<hw>\'d8\'92s*the""sis</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Sensuous perception.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ruskin</au>.



<hw>\'92s`the*sod"ic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ sensation + <?/ a way; cf. F.

<ets>esth\'82sodique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of

nerves.</def>



<hw>\'92s"thete</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

one who perceives.]</ety> <def>One who makes much or overmuch of

\'91sthetics.</def> <mark>[Recent]</mark>



<mhw>{<hw>\'92s*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<hw>\'92s*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics;

<as>as, <ex>\'91sthetic</ex> studies, emotions, ideas, persons,

etc.</as> 



-- <wordforms><wf>\'92s*thet"ic*al*ly,

<pos>adv.</pos></def></def>



<hw>\'92s`the*ti"can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in \'91sthetics.</def>



<hw>\'92s*thet"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the

beautiful in nature and art.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'92s*thet"ics</hw>, <hw>Es*thet"ics</hw> <pr>(<?/;

277)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ perceptive, esp. by

feeling, fr. <?/ to perceive, feel: cf. G.

<ets>\'84sthetik</ets>, F. <ets>esth\'82tique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the

beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the

expression and embodiment of beauty by art.</def>



<hw>\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ to perceive + E. <ets>physiology</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The science of sensation in relation to nervous

action.</def>



<au>H. Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'92s"ti*val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aestivalis</ets>, <ets>aestivus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestas</ets>

summer.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to the summer; <as>as,

<ex>\'91stival</ex> diseases</as>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>estival</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'92s"ti*vate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aestivare</ets>, <ets>aestivatum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To spend the summer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>To pass the summer in a

state of torpor.</def>



<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivate</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'92s`ti*va"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The state of torpidity induced by the

heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to

<xex>hibernation</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The arrangement of the petals

in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.;

prefloration.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>estivation</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'92s"tu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>

<def>See <er>Estuary</er>.</def>



<hw>\'92s"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aestuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aestus</ets> fire, glow.]</ety>

<def>Glowing; agitated, as with heat.</def>



<hw>A*\'89`the*og"a*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ unusual (<?/ priv. + <?/ custom) + <?/

marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Propagated in an unusual

way; cryptogamous.</def>



<hw>\'92"ther</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ether</er>.</def>



<hw>\'92"thi*ops min"er*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.  <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Ethiops mineral</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'92th"o*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

fire, light + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

compound of nitrogen and boro<?/, which, when heated before the

blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride.</def>



<hw>\'92"thri*o*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ clear + <?/ to observe.]</ety> <def>An instrument consisting

in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring

changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the

sky, as when clear or clouded.</def>



<hw>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'92`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aetologia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ cause + <?/ description: cf.

F. <ets>\'82tiologie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science,

doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of

the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and

development of things.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The assignment of a cause.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`\'89*ti"tes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/) stone, fr. <?/ eagle.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Eaglestone</er>.</def>



<hw>A*far"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets>.(for <ets>on</ets> or <ets>of</ets>) +

<ets>far</ets>.]</ety> <def>At, to, or from a great distance; far

away; -- often used with <xex>from</xex> preceding, or

<xex>off</xex> following; <as>as, he was seen from <ex>afar</ex>;

I saw him <ex>afar</ex> off.</as></def>



<q>The steep where Fame's proud temple shines

<qex>afar</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<hw>A*feard"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afered</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/red</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets> to frighten; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning

<ets>out</ets>) + <ets>f</ets><?/<ets>ran</ets> to frighten. See

<er>Fear</er>.]</ety> <def>Afraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Be not <qex>afeard</qex>; the isle is full of noises.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A"fer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>The southwest wind.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Af`fa*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affabilitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;

courteousness in receiving others and in conversation;

complaisant behavior.</def>



<q><qex>Affability</qex> is of a wonderful efficacy or power in

procuring love.</q>

<qau>Elyot</qau>



<hw>Af"fa*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affable</ets>, L. <ets>affabilis</ets>, fr.

<ets>affari</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad + fari</ets> to speak. See

<er>Fable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easy to be spoken to or

addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a

free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.</def>



<q>An <qex>affable</qex> and courteous gentleman.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His manners polite and <qex>affable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gracious; mild; benign.</def>



<q>A serene and <qex>affable</qex> countenance.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild;

benign; condescending.</syn>



<hw>Af"fa*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Affability.</def>



<hw>Af"fa*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an affable manner;

courteously.</def>



<-- p. 28 -->



<hw>Af"fa*brous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affaber</ets> workmanlike; <ets>ad + faber</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Af*fair"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afere</ets>, <ets>affere</ets>, OF. <ets>afaire</ets>, F.

<ets>affaire</ets>, fr. <ets>a faire</ets> to do; L.. <ets>ad +

facere</ets> to do. See <er>Fact</er>, and cf.

<er>Ado</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is done or is to

be done; matter; concern; <as>as, a difficult <ex>affair</ex> to

manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or

public; -- often in the plural. \'bdAt the head of

<ex>affairs</ex>.\'b8 <au>Junius</au>.</as></def> \'bdA talent

for <xex>affairs</xex>.\'b8 <au>Prescott</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any proceeding or action which it is wished to

refer to or characterize vaguely; <as>as, an <ex>affair</ex> of

honor, <it>i. e.</it>, a duel; an <xex>affair</xex> of love,

<it>i. e.</it>, an intrigue.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An action or engagement not of

sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Action; endeavor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And with his best <qex>affair</qex>

Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A material object (vaguely designated).</def>



<q>A certain <qex>affair</qex> of fine red cloth much worn and

faded.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Af*fam"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affamer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + fames</ets> hunger. See

<er>Famish</er>.]</ety> <def>To afflict with, or perish from,

hunger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*fam"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Starvation.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Af*fat"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad + fatuus</ets> foolish.]</ety> <def>To infatuate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Af*fear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aferen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bef<?/ran</ets>. See

<er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>To frighten.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*fect"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>affectus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afficere</ets> to affect by

active agency; <ets>ad + facere</ets> to make: cf. F.

<ets>affectere</ets>, L. <ets>affectare</ets>, freq. of

<ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.</def>



<q>As might <qex>affect</qex> the earth with cold heat.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The climate <qex>affected</qex> their health and spirits.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To influence or move, as the feelings or

passions; to touch.</def>



<q>A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me

very necessary for all who would <qex>affect</qex> them upon

solid and pure principles.</q>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To love; to regard with affection.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than

<qex>affected</qex>, rather honored than loved, her.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To show a fondness for; to like to use or

practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.</def>



<q>For he does neither <qex>affect</qex> company, nor is he fit

for <?/t, indeed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Do not <qex>affect</qex> the society of your inferiors in

rank, nor court that of the great.</q>



<au>Hazlitt.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To dispose or incline.</def>



<q>Men whom they thought best <qex>affected</qex> to religion and

their country's liberty.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To aim at; to aspire; to covet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This proud man <qex>affects</qex> imperial <?/way.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To tend to by affinity or disposition.</def>



<q>The drops of every fluid <qex>affect</qex> a round figure.</q>

<qau>Newton.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn>  <def>To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to

feign; to assume; <as>as, to <ex>affect</ex>

ignorance</as>.</def>



<q>Careless she is with artful care,

<qex>Affecting</qex> to seem unaffected.</q>

<qau>Congreve.</qau>



<q>Thou dost <qex>affect</qex> my manners.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To assign; to appoint.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>One of the domestics was <qex>affected</qex> to his special

service.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt;

soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.</syn>



<hw>Af*fect"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affectus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affection; inclination; passion;

feeling; disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affectatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not

natural or real; false display; artificial show.</def> \'bdAn

<xex>affectation</xex> of contempt.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q><qex>Affectation</qex> is an awkward and forced imitation of

what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that

accompanies what is natural what is natural.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A striving after.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fondness; affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Af`fec*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who exhibits

affectation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fitzed. Hall.</au>



<hw>Af*fect"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Regarded with affection; beloved.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His <qex>affected</qex> Hercules.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined; disposed; attached.</def>



<q>How stand you <qex>affected</qex> his wish?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Given to false show; assuming or pretending to

posses what is not natural or real.</def>



<q>He is . . . too spruce, too <qex>affected</qex>, too odd.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Assumed artificially; not natural.</def>



<q><qex>Affected</qex> coldness and indifference.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Made up of terms involving

different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; <as>as, an

<ex>affected</ex> equation</as>.</def>



<hw>Af*fect"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than

reality.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lovingly; with tender care.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Af*fect"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Affectation.</def>



<hw>Af*fect"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.</def>

\'bd<xex>Affecters</xex> of wit.\'b8



<au>Abp. Secker.</au>



<hw>Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being affectible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Af*fect"i*bl<?/</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be affected.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely,

become <qex>affectible</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Af*fect"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Moving the

emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching;

<as>as, an <ex>affecting</ex> address; an <ex>affecting</ex>

sight.</as></def>



<q>The most <qex>affecting</qex> music is generally the most

simple.</q>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected; given to false show.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A drawling; <qex>affecting</qex> rouge.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Af*fect"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.</def>



<hw>Af*fec"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affection</ets>, L. <ets>affectio</ets>, fr.

<ets>afficere</ets>. See <er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being

affected.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attribute; a quality or property; a

condition; a bodily state; <as>as, figure, weight, etc.</as> ,

are <xex>affections</xex> of bodies.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>affections</xex> of quantity.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<q>And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,

An old and strange <qex>affection</qex> of the house.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or

natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion;

<as>as, the benevolent <ex>affections</ex>, esteem, gratitude,

etc.</as> ; the malevolent <xex>affections</xex>, hatred, envy,

etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.</def>



<q><qex>Affection</qex> is applicable to an unpleasant as well as

a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or

quality.</q>

<qau>Cogan.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous

or tender attachment; -- often in the <pluf>pl.</pluf> Formerly

followed by <xex>to</xex>, but now more generally by

<xex>for</xex> or <xex>towards</xex>; <as>as, filial, social, or

conjugal <ex>affections</ex>; to have an <ex>affection</ex> for

or towards children.</as></def>



<q>All his <qex>affections</qex> are set on his own country.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> Prejudice; bias.<pluf> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Aylmer.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Disease; morbid symptom;

malady; <as>as, a pulmonary <ex>affection</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The lively representation of any emotion.</def>



<au>Wotton.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Affectation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdSpruce <xex>affection.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Passion; violent emotion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Most wretched man,

That to <qex>affections</qex> does the bridle lend.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness;

love; good will. See <er>Attachment</er>; <er>Disease</er>.</syn>



<hw>Af*fec"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the affections; <as>as, <ex>affectional</ex>

impulses; an <ex>affectional</ex> nature.</as></def>



<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affectionn\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having

affection or warm regard; loving; fond; <as>as, an

<ex>affectionate</ex> brother</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kindly inclined; zealous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johson.</au>



<q>Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be

too <qex>affectionate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sprat.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Proceeding from affection; indicating love;

tender; <as>as, the <ex>affectionate</ex> care of a parent;

<ex>affectionate</ex> countenance, message, language.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Strongly inclined; -- with <xex>to</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond;

earnest; ardent.</syn>



<hw>Af*fec"tion*a`ted</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed;

inclined.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Affectionated</qex> to the people.</q>

<qau>Holinshed.</qau>



<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With affection;

lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.</def>



<hw>Af*fec"tion*ate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being affectionate; fondness; affection.</def>



<hw>Af*fec"tioned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Disposed.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Be kindly <qex>affectioned</qex> one to another.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected; conceited.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Af*fec"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affectif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Tending to affect;

affecting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burnet.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional;

emotional.</def>



<au>Rogers.</au>



<hw>Af*fec"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an affective

manner; impressively; emotionally.</def>



<hw>Af*fec"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affectuous</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affectueux</ets>. See

<er>Affect</er>.]</ety> <def>Full of passion or emotion;

earnest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Af*fec"tu*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<hw>Af*feer"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aforer</ets>, <ets>afeurer</ets>, to tax, appraise, assess,

fr. L. <ets>ad + forum</ets> market, court of justice, in LL.

also meaning <ets>pri<?/<?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

confirm; to assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe title is

<xex>affeered</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To assess or reduce, as an

arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable

sum.</def>



<q>Amercements . . . were <qex>affeered</qex> by the judges.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Af*feer"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Af*feer"or</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>aforeur</ets>,

LL. <ets>afforator</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>One

who affeers.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Af*feer"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>aforement</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act of

affeering.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Af"fer*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>afferens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>afferre</ets>; <ets>ad +

ferre</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Bearing or

conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to

<xex>efferent</xex>; <as>as, <ex>afferent</ex> vessels;

<ex>afferent</ex> nerves, which convey sensations from the

external organs to the brain.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Af*fet`tu*o"so</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>With feeling.</def>



<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afiaunce</ets> trust, confidence, OF. <ets>afiance</ets>,

fr. <ets>afier</ets> to trust, fr. LL. <ets>affidare</ets> to

trust; <ets>ad + fidare</ets> to trust, fr. L. <ets>fides</ets>

faith. See <er>Faith</er>, and cf. <er>Affidavit</er>,

<er>Affy</er>, <er>Confidence</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.</def>



<q>Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual

<qex>affiance</qex> in the divine love.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Stephen.</qau>



<q>Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have

Most joy and most <qex>affiance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Af*fi"ance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. <?/

p. p.</pos> <er>Affianced</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. <?/ vb.

n.</pos> <er>Affiancing</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>afiancier</ets>, fr. <ets>afiance</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for

marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in

marriage.</def>



<q>To me, sad maid, he was <qex>affianced</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assure by promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Af*fi"an*cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes a contract of marriage between two persons.</def>



<hw>Af*fi"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From p. pr.

of OF. <ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. See

<er>Affidavit</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes an

affidavit.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Deponent. See <er>Deponent</er>.</syn>



<hw>Af`fi*da"vit</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>affidavit</ets> he has made oath, perfect tense of

<ets>affidare</ets>. See <er>Affiance</er>, <er>Affy</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A sworn statement in writing; a declaration

in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized

magistrate.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Burrill.</au>



<note><hand/ It is always made <xex>ex parte</xex>, and without

cross-examination, and in this differs from a

<xex>deposition</xex>. It is also applied to written statements

made on affirmation.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Deposition. See <er>Deposition</er>.</syn>



<hw>Af*file"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>afiler</ets>, F. <ets>affiler</ets>, to sharpen;

<ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>fil</ets> thread,

edge.]</ety> <def>To polish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Af*fil"i*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.</def>



<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affiliated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affiliating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>adfiliare</ets>,

<ets>affiliare</ets>, to adopt as son; <ets>ad + filius</ets>

son: cf. F. <ets>affilier</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or

receive into close connection; to ally.</def>



<q>Is the soul <qex>affiliated</qex> to God, or is it estranged

and in rebellion?</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix the paternity of; -- said of an

illegitimate child; <as>as, to <ex>affiliate</ex> the child

<ex>to</ex> (or <ex>on</ex> or <ex>upon</ex>) one man rather than

another</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To connect in the way of descent; to trace

origin to.</def>



<q>How do these facts tend to <qex>affiliate</qex> the faculty of

hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To attach (<xex>to</xex>) or unite

(<xex>with</xex>); to receive into a society as a member, and

initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Affiliated societies</col>, <cd>societies connected with

a central society, or with each other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Af*fil"i*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To connect or

associate one's self; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as,

they <ex>affiliate</ex> with no party</as>.</def>



<hw>Af*fil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affiliation</ets>, LL. <ets>affiliatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Adoption; association or reception as a member

in or of the same family or society.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The establishment or

ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a

bastard, to its father; filiation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Connection in the way of descent.</def>



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>Af*fi"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affinis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Related by marriage; from the

same source.</def>



<hw>Af*fine"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affiner</ets> to refine; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>fin</ets> fine. See <er>Fine</er>.]</ety> <def>To

refine.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Af*fined"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>afin\'82</ets> related, p. p., fr. LL. <ets>affinare</ets>

to join, fr. L. <ets>affinis</ets> neighboring, related to;

<ets>ad + finis</ets> boundary, limit.]</ety> <def>Joined in

affinity or by any tie.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAll

<xex>affined</xex> and kin.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Af*fin"i*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of affinity.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Af*fin"i*tive</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Closely connected, as

by affinity.</def>



<hw>Af*fin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Affinities</plw><pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.

<ets>afinit\'82</ets>, F. <ets>affinit\'82</ets>, L.

<ets>affinites</ets>, fr. <ets>affinis</ets>. See

<er>Affined</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relationship by marriage (as between a husband

and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her

husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to

<xex>consanguinity</xex>, or relationship by blood; -- followed

by <xex>with</xex>, <xex>to</xex>, or <xex>between</xex>.</def>



<q>Solomon made <qex>affinity</qex> with Pharaoh.</q>

<qau>1 Kings iii. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kinship generally; close agreement; relation;

conformity; resemblance; connection; <as>as, the

<ex>affinity</ex> of sounds, of colors, or of

languages</as>.</def>



<q>There is a close <qex>affinity</qex> between imposture and

credulity.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Companionship; acquaintance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>About forty years past, I began a happy <qex>affinity</qex>

with William Cranmer.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That attraction which takes

place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous

particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;

chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A relation between

species or highe<?/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole

plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Spiritualism)</fld> <def>A superior spiritual

relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between

persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman

who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.</def>



<hw>Af*firm"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affirmed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Affirming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>affermen</ets>,

OF. <ets>afermer</ets>, F. <ets>affirmer</ets>,

<ets>affermir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>affirmare</ets>; <ets>ad +

firmare</ets> to make firm, <ets>firmus</ets> firm. See

<er>Firm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> To make firm; to confirm, or

ratify; esp. <fld>(Law)</fld>, <def>to assert or confirm, as a

judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for

review.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assert positively; to tell with confidence;

to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to

<xex>deny</xex>.</def>



<q>Jesus, . . . whom Paul <qex>affirmed</qex> to be alive.</q>

<qau>Acts xxv. 19.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To declare, as a fact,

solemnly, under judicial sanction. See <er>Affirmation</er>,

<er>4</er>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure;

pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Asseverate</er>,

<er>Aver</er>, <er>Protest</er>.  We <xex>affirm</xex> when we

declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We

<xex>asseverate</xex> it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with

increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We

<xex>aver</xex> it, or formally declare it to be true, when we

have positive knowledge of it. We <xex>protest</xex> in a more

public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People

<xex>asseverate</xex> in order to produce a conviction of their

veracity; they <xex>aver</xex> when they are peculiarly desirous

to be believed; they <xex>protest</xex> when they wish to free

themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their

innocence.</usage>



<hw>Af*firm"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To declare

or assert positively.</def>



<q>Not that I so <qex>affirm</qex>, though so it seem

To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To make a solemn declaration,

before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties

of perjury; to testify by affirmation.</def>



<hw>Af*firm"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by

<xex>of</xex>; <as>as, an attribute <ex>affirmable</ex> of every

just man</as>.</def>



<hw>Af*firm"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>afermance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Confirmation;

ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.</def>



<q>This statute . . . in <qex>affirmance</qex> of the common

law.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong declaration; affirmation.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<-- p. 29 -->



<hw>Af*firm"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affirmans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. See

<er>Affirm</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who affirms or

asserts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who affirms of taking an

oath.</def>



<hw>Af`fir*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affirmatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Confirmation of anything established;

ratification; <as>as, the <ex>affirmation</ex> of a

law</as>.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of affirming or asserting as true;

assertion; -- opposed to <xex>negation</xex> or

<xex>denial</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive

<?/tatement; an averment; <as>as, an <ex>affirmation</ex>, by the

vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A solemn declaration made under

the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline

taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an

oath.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affirmativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affirmatif</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Confirmative; ratifying; <as>as, an act

<ex>affirmative</ex> of common law</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That affirms; asserting that the fact is so;

declaratory of what exists; answering \'bdyes\'b8 to a question;

-- opposed to <xex>negative</xex>; <as>as, an

<ex>affirmative</ex> answer; an <ex>affirmative</ex>

vote.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Positive; dogmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Taylor.</au>



<q>Lysicles was a little by the <qex>affirmative</qex> air of

Crito.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(logic)</fld> <def>Expressing the agreement of

the two terms of a proposition.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>Positive; -- a term applied to

quantities which are to be added, and opposed to

<xex>negative</xex>, or such as are to be subtracted.</def>



<hw>Af*firm"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative

proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the

proposition stated; -- opposed to <ant>negative</ant>; <as>as,

there were forty votes in the <ex>affirmative</ex>, and ten in

the <xex>negative</xex></as>.</def>



<q>Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my

purpose that many have believed the <qex>affirmative</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A word or phrase expressing affirmation or

assent; <as>as, <ex>yes</ex>, <ex>that is so</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Af*firm"a*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the

affirmative; -- opposed to <xex>negatively</xex>.</def>



<hw>Af*firm"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giving

affirmation; assertive; affirmative.</def>



<au>Massey.</au>



<hw>Af*firm"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

affirms.</def>



<hw>Af*fix"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affixed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Affixing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>affixare</ets>, L.

<ets>affixus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to fasten to;

<ets>ad + figere</ets> to fasten: cf. OE. <ets>affichen</ets>, F.

<ets>afficher</ets>, ultimately fr. L. <ets>affigere</ets>. See

<er>Fix</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To subjoin, annex, or add

at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; <as>as,

to <ex>affix</ex> a syllable to a word; to <ex>affix</ex> a seal

to an instrument; to <ex>affix</ex> one's name to a

writing.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix or fasten in any way; to attach

physically.</def>



<q>Should they [caterpillars] <qex>affix</qex> them to the leaves

of a plant improper for their food.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attach, unite, or connect with; <as>as, names

<ex>affixed</ex> to ideas, or ideas <ex>affixed</ex> to things;

to <ex>affix</ex> a stigma to a person; to <ex>affix</ex>

ridicule or blame to any one.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with

<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>; <as>as, eyes <ex>affixed</ex>

upon the ground</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.</syn>



<hw>Af"fix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Affixes</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>affixus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>affigere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>affixe</ets>.]</ety>

<def>That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more

letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a

postfix.</def>



<hw>Af*fix"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affixio</ets>, fr. <ets>affigere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Affixture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Adams.</au>



<hw>Af*fix"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.</def>



<hw>Af*fla"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>afflatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>afflare</ets> to blow or

breathe on; <ets>ad + flare</ets> to blow.]</ety> <def>A blowing

or breathing on; inspiration.</def>



<hw>Af*fla"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>afflare</ets>. See <er>Afflation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A breath or blast of wind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural

impulse; inspiration.</def>



<q>A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet

without his <qex>afflatus</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spence.</qau>



<hw>Af*flict"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Afflicted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Afflicting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affigere</ets> to cast down,

deject; <ets>ad + fligere</ets> to strike: cf. OF.

<ets>aflit</ets>, <ets>afflict</ets>, p. p. Cf.

<er>Flagellate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike or cast

down; to overthrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdReassembling

our <xex>afflicted</xex> powers.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inflict some great injury or hurt upon,

causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously;

to torment.</def>



<q>They did set over them taskmasters to <qex>afflict</qex> them

with their burdens.</q>

<qau>Exod. i. 11.</qau>



<q>That which was the worst now least <qex>afflicts</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make low or humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an

<qex>afflicted</qex> truth.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment;

wound; hurt.</syn>



<hw>Af*flict"</hw>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>afflictus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Afflicted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Becon.</au>



<hw>Af*flict"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

afflicted; affliction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Af*flict"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

afflicts.</def>



<hw>Af*flict"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grievously painful;

distressing; afflictive; <as>as, an <ex>afflicting</ex>

event</as>. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, <xex>adv</xex>.</def>



<hw>Af*flic"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affliction</ets>, L. <ets>afflictio</ets>, fr.

<ets>affligere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The cause of

continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an

instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.</def>



<q>To repay that money will be a biting

<qex>affliction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being afflicted; a state of pain,

distress, or grief.</def>



<q>Some virtues are seen only in <qex>affliction</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity;

misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Affliction</er>, <er>Sorrow</er>, <er>Grief</er>,

<er>Distress</er>. Affliction and <xex>sorrow</xex> are terms of

wide and general application; <xex>grief</xex> and

<xex>distress</xex> have reference to particular cases.

<xex>Affliction</xex> is the stronger term. The suffering lies

deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause,

such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We

do not speak of mere sickness or pain as \'bdan affliction,\'b8

though one who suffers from either is said to be

<xex>afflicted</xex>; but deprivations of every kind, such as

deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called

<xex>afflictions</xex>, showing that term applies particularly to

prolonged sources of suffering. <xex>Sorrow</xex> and

<xex>grief</xex> are much alike in meaning, but <xex>grief</xex>

is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental

suffering for some definite cause, as, <xex>grief</xex> for the

death of a dear friend; <xex>sorrow</xex> is more reflective, and

is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked

upon with <xex>sorrow</xex>. <xex>Grief</xex> is often violent

and demonstrative; <xex>sorrow</xex> deep and brooding.

<xex>Distress</xex> implies extreme suffering, either bodily or

mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless,

agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind

or body. <xex>Affliction</xex> is allayed, <xex>grief</xex>

subsides, <xex>sorrow</xex> is soothed, <xex>distress</xex> is

mitigated.</usage>



<hw>Af*flic"tion*less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free

from affliction.</def>



<hw>Af*flic"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>afflictif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Giving pain; causing continued

or repeated pain or grief; distressing.</def>  \'bdJove's

<xex>afflictive</xex> hand.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>Spreads slow disease, and darts <qex>afflictive</qex>

pain.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Af*flic"tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an afflictive

manner.</def>



<hw>Af"flu*ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affluence</ets>, L. <ets>affluentia</ets>, fr.

<ets>affluens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>affluere</ets> to flow to;

<ets>ad + fluere</ets> to flow. See <er>Flux</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an

influx.</def>



<q>The <qex>affluence</qex> of young nobles from hence into

Spain.</q>

<qau>Wotton.</qau>



<q>There is an unusual <qex>affluence</qex> of strangers this

year.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An abundant supply, as of thought, words,

feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property;

wealth.</def>



<q>And old age of elegance, <qex>affluence</qex>, and ease.</q>

<qau>Coldsmith.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty;

wealth; opulence.</syn>



<hw>Af"flu*en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Affluence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affluent</ets>, L. <ets>affluens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>,

p. pr. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Flowing

to; flowing abundantly.</def> \'bd<xex>Affluent</xex> blood.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy;

abounding in goods or riches.</def>



<q>Language . . . <qex>affluent</qex> in expression.</q>

<qau>H. Reed.</qau>



<q>Loaded and blest with all the <qex>affluent</qex> store,

Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Af"flu*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stream or river flowing

into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.</def>



<hw>Af"flu*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Abundantly;

copiously.</def>



<hw>Af*flu*ent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Great plenty.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Af"flux`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affluxum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>affluere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>afflux</ets>. See <er>Affluence</er>.]</ety> <def>A flowing

towards; that which flows to; <as>as, an <ex>afflux</ex> of blood

to the head</as>.</def>



<hw>Af*flux"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

flowing towards; afflux.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Af"fo*dill</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Asphodel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Af*force"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>afforcier</ets>, LL. <ets>affortiare</ets>; <ets>ad +

fortiare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fortis</ets> strong.]</ety> <def>To

re\'89nforce; to strengthen.</def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<hw>Af*force"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fortress; a fortification for

defense.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.</def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<hw>Af*for"ci*a*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Afforcement</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Af*ford"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Afforded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affording</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aforthen</ets>, AS. <ets>gefor<?/ian</ets>,

<ets>for<?/ian</ets>, to further, accomplish, afford, fr.

<ets>for<?/</ets> forth, forward. The prefix <ets>ge-</ets> has

no well defined sense. See <er>Forth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural

result, fruit, or issue; <as>as, grapes <ex>afford</ex> wine;

olives <ex>afford</ex> oil; the earth <ex>affords</ex> fruit; the

sea <ex>affords</ex> an abundant supply of fish.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter

reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to

furnish; <as>as, a good life <ex>affords</ex> consolation in old

age</as>.</def>



<q>His tuneful Muse <qex>affords</qex> the sweetest numbers.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The quiet lanes . . . <qex>afford</qex> calmer retreats.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling,

granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great

injury; <as>as, A <ex>affords</ex> his goods cheaper than B; a

man can <ex>afford</ex> a sum yearly in charity.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To incur, stand, or bear without serious

detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be

injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as <xex>can</xex>,

<xex>could</xex>, <xex>might</xex>, etc.; to be able or rich

enough.</def>



<q>The merchant can <qex>afford</qex> to trade for smaller

profits.</q>

<qau>Hamilton.</qau>



<q>He could <qex>afford</qex> to suffer

With those whom he saw suffer.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Af*ford"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be afforded.</def>



<hw>Af*ford"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything

given as a help; bestowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Af*for"est</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>afforestare</ets>; <ets>ad + forestare</ets>. See

<er>Forest</er>.]</ety> <def>To convert into a forest; <as>as, to

<ex>afforest</ex> a tract of country</as>.</def>



<hw>Af*for`es*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of converting into forest or woodland.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Af*form"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

affix.</def>



<hw>Af*fran"chise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affranchir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>franc</ets> free. See <er>Franchise</er> and

<er>Frank</er>.]</ety> <def>To make free; to enfranchise.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Af*fran"chise*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>affranchissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of making

free; enfranchisement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Af*frap"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

It. <ets>affrappare</ets>, <ets>frappare</ets>, to cut, mince, F.

<ets>frapper</ets> to strike. See <er>Frap</er>.]</ety> <def>To

strike, or strike down.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Affrayed</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>afraien</ets>, <ets>affraien</ets>, OF.

<ets>effreer</ets>, <ets>esfreer</ets>, F. <ets>effrayer</ets>,

orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> + OHG.

<ets>fridu</ets> peace (akin to E. <ets>free</ets>). Cf.

<er>Afraid</er>, <er>Fray</er>, <er>Frith</er> inclosure.]</ety>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To startle from quiet; to

alarm.</def>



<q>Smale foules a great heap

That had <qex>afrayed</qex> [affrayed] me out of my sleep.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.</def>



<q>That voice doth us <qex>affray</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Af*fray"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afrai</ets>, <ets>affrai</ets>, OF. <ets>esfrei</ets>, F.

<ets>effroi</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>esfreer</ets>. See

<er>Affray</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Alarm; terror; fright.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a

fray.</def> \'bdIn the very midst of the <xex>affray</xex>.\'b8



<au>Motley.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The fighting of two or more

persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an

<xex>affray</xex>.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest;

feud; tumult; disturbance.</syn>



<hw>Af*fray"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One engaged

in an affray.</def>



<hw>Af*fray"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Affray.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*freight"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>freight</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>affr\'82ter</ets>. See <er>Freight</er>.]</ety> <def>To

hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or

freight.</def>



<hw>Af*freight"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

hires or charters a ship to convey goods.</def>



<hw>Af*freight"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affr\'82tement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hiring, or the

contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey

cargo.</def>



<hw>Af*fret"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>affrettare</ets> to hasten, <ets>fretta</ets> haste.]</ety>

<def>A furious onset or attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*fric"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>affricare</ets> to rub on. See <er>Friction</er>.]</ety>

<def>The act of rubbing against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Af*friend"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Made

friends; reconciled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdDeadly foes .

. . <xex>affriended</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Af*fright"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affrighted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affrighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Orig.

p. p.; OE. <ets>afright</ets>, AS. <ets>\'befyrhtan</ets> to

terrify; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger.

<ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>fyrhto</ets>

fright. See <er>Fright</er>.]</ety> <def>To impress with sudden

fear; to frighten; to alarm.</def>



<q>Dreams <qex>affright</qex> our souls.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A drear and dying sound

<qex>Affrights</qex> the flamens at their service quaint.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare;

startle; daunt; intimidate.</syn>



<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Affrighted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Af*fright"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sudden and

great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than

<xex>fear</xex>, or <xex>apprehension</xex>, perhaps less than

<xex>terror</xex>.</def>



<q>He looks behind him with <qex>affright</qex>, and forward with

despair.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror;

an object of dread.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Af*fright"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With fright.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Af*fright"en</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

frighten.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdFit tales . . . to

<xex>affrighten</xex> babes.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Af*fright"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

frightens.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Af*fright"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Terrifying; frightful.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Af*fright"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>



<q>Bugbears or <qex>affrightful</qex> apparitions.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<hw>Af*fright"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or

alarm.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with

terror and <qex>affrightment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Af*front"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affronted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affronting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>afronter</ets>, F. <ets>affronter</ets>, to confront, LL.

<ets>affrontare</ets> to strike against, fr. L. <ets>ad +

frons</ets> forehead, front. See <er>Front</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To front; to face in position; to meet or

encounter face to face.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All the sea-coasts do <qex>affront</qex> the Levant.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>That he, as 't were by accident, may here

<qex>Affront</qex> Ophelia.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To face in defiance; to confront; <as>as, to

confront; <as>as, to <ex>affront</ex> death</as></as>; hence, to

meet in hostile encounter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To offend by some manifestation of disrespect;

to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with

marked incivility.</def>



<q>How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to

<qex>affront</qex> the wife of Aurelius?</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight;

defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.</syn>



<hw>Af*front"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affront</ets>, fr. <ets>affronter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An encounter either friendly or hostile.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded

On hostile ground, none daring my <qex>affront</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or

justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity;

insult.</def>



<q>Offering an <qex>affront</qex> to our understanding.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An offense to one's self-respect; shame.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Affront</er>, <er>Insult</er>, <er>Outrage</er>.

An <xex>affront</xex> is a designed mark of disrespect, usually

in the presence of others. An <xex>insult</xex> is a personal

attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or

degrade. An <xex>outrage</xex> is an act of extreme and violent

insult or abuse. An <xex>affront</xex> piques and mortifies; an

<xex>insult</xex> irritates and provokes; an <xex>outrage</xex>

wounds and injures.



<q>Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an

<qex>affront</qex>. When people are in a state of animosity, they

seek opportunities of offering each other <qex>insults</qex>.

Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of

<qex>outrages</qex>.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>

</syn>



<hw>Af*fron*t\'82"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>affront\'82</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Face

to face, or front to front; facing.</def>



<hw>Af*front"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Shamelessly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Af*fron*tee"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who receives an

affront.</def>



<au>Lytton.</au>



<hw>Af*front"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

affronts, or insults to the face.</def>



<hw>Af*front"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an affronting

manner.</def>



<hw>Af*front"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

affront or offend; offensive; abusive.</def>



<q>How <qex>affrontive</qex> it is to despise mercy.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<-- p. 30 -->



<hw>Af*front"ive*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality that gives an affront or offense.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Af*fuse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affused</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Affusing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>affusus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>affundere</ets> to pour to; <ets>ad + fundere</ets>. See

<er>Fuse</er>.]</ety> <def>To pour out or upon.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I first <qex>affused</qex> water upon the compressed

beans.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>Af*fu"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>affusion</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of pouring upon, or

sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.</def>

Specifically: <fld>(Med)</fld> <def>The act of pouring water or

other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in

disease.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Af*fy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Affied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr.</pos> <er>Affying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>afier</ets>, LL. <ets>affidare</ets>. Cf.

<er>Affiance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To confide (one's self

<xex>to</xex>, or <xex>in</xex>); to trust.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To betroth or espouse; to affiance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bind in faith.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Af*fy"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To trust or confide.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Af"ghan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Afghanistan.</def>



<hw>Af"ghan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native of

Afghanistan.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.</def>



<hw>A*field"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>field</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To, in,

or on the field.</def> \'bdWe drove <xex>afield</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>How jocund did they drive their team <qex>afield</qex>!</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Out of the way; astray.</def>



<q>Why should he wander <qex>afield</qex> at the age of

fifty-five!</q>

<qau>Trollope.</qau>



<hw>A*fire"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>On fire.</def>



<hw>A*flame"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flame</ets>.]</ety> <def>Inflames; glowing

with light or passion; ablaze.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>A*flat"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Level with the

ground; flat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*flaunt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flaunt</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a flaunting

state or position.</def>



<au>Copley.</au>



<hw>A*flick"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flicker</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a

flickering state.</def>



<hw>A*float"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>float</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Borne

on the water; floating; on board ship.</def>



<q>On such a full sea are we now <qex>afloat</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Moving; passing from place to place; in general

circulation; <as>as, a rumor is <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unfixed; moving without guide or control;

adrift; <as>as, our affairs are all <ex>afloat</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*flow"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flow</ets>.]</ety> <def>Flowing.</def>



<q>Their founts <qex>aflow</qex> with tears.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<hw>A*flush"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flush</ets>, n.]</ety> <def>In a flushed or

blushing state.</def>



<hw>A*flush"</hw>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets>

+ <ets>flush</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>On a level.</def>



<q>The bank is . . . <qex>aflush</qex> with the sea.</q>

<qau>Swinburne.</qau>



<hw>A*flut"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>flutter</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a

flutter; agitated.</def>



<hw>A*foam"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foam</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a foaming state;

<as>as, the sea is all <ex>afoam</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*foot"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foot</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On

foot.</def>



<q>We 'll walk <qex>afoot</qex> a while.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in

progress.</def>



<q>The matter being <qex>afoot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*fore"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afore</ets>, <ets>aforn</ets>, AS. <ets>onforan</ets> or

<ets>\'91tforan</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>fore</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Before.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If he have never drunk wine <qex>afore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the fore part of a

vessel.</def>



<hw>A*fore"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Before (in

all its senses).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Before; in front of; farther

forward than; <as>as, <ex>afore</ex> the windlass</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Afore the mast</col>, <cd>among the common sailors; -- a

phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the

officers.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*fore"cit`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Named or

quoted before.</def>



<hw>A*fore"go`ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Go\'c6ng

before; foregoing.</def>



<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Beforehand; in anticipation.</def> <mark>[Archaic or

<xex>Dial</xex>.]</mark>



<q>She is come <qex>aforehand</qex> to anoint my body.</q>

<qau>Mark xiv. 8.</qau>



<hw>A*fore"hand`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prepared; previously

provided; -- opposed to <xex>behindhand</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or Dial.]</mark>



<q><qex>Aforehand</qex> in all matters of power.</q>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*fore"men`tioned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>A*fore"named`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Named

before.</def>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<hw>A*fore"said`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Said

before, or in a preceding part; already described or

identified.</def>



<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed;

<as>as, malice <ex>aforethought</ex>, which is required to

constitute murder</as>.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>A*fore"thought`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Premeditation.</def>



<hw>A*fore"time`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In time

past; formerly.</def> \'bdHe prayed . . . as he did

<xex>aforetime</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dan. vi. 10.</au>



<hw>\'d8A for`ti*o"ri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Logic & Math.)</fld> <def>With stronger reason.</def>



<hw>A*foul"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>foul</ets>.]</ety> <def>In collision;

entangled.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To run afoul of</col>, <cd>to run against or come into

collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause

injury.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*fraid"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>afrayed</ets>, <ets>affraide</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>afraien</ets> to affray. See <er>Affray</er>, and cf.

<er>Afeard</er>.]</ety> <def>Impressed with fear or apprehension;

in fear; apprehensive.</def> <mark>[Afraid comes after the noun

it limits.]</mark>  \'bdBack they recoiled,

<xex>afraid</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<note><hand/ This word expresses a less degree of fear than

<xex>terrified</xex> or <xex>frightened</xex>. It is followed by

<xex>of</xex> before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or

by a dependent clause; as, to be <xex>afraid of</xex> death.

\'bdI am <xex>afraid</xex> to die.\'b8  \'bdI am

<xex>afraid</xex> he will chastise me.\'b8  \'bdBe not

<xex>afraid</xex> that I your hand should take.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au> <xex>I am afraid</xex> is sometimes used

colloquially to soften a statement; as, <xex>I am afraid</xex> I

can not help you in this matter.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.</syn>



<hw>Af"reet</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Afrit</er>.</def>



<hw>A*fresh"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>fresh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anew; again; once

more; newly.</def>



<q>They crucify . . . the Son of God <qex>afresh</qex>.</q>

<qau>Heb. vi. 6.</qau>



<hw>Af"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>African.</def> 

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>Africa.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark></def2>



<hw>Af"ri*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Africus</ets>, <ets>Africanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Afer</ets>

African.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Africa.



<cs><col>African hemp</col>, <cd>a fiber prerared from the leaves

of the <xex>Sanseviera Guineensis<xex>, a plant found in Africa

and India.</cd> -- <col>African marigold</col>, <cd>a tropical

American plant <spn>(Tagetes erecta)</spn>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>African oak</col> <or/ <col>African teak</col></mcol>,

<cd>a timber furnished by <spn>Oldfieldia Africana</spn>, used in

ship building.</cd></cs>



<-- <col>African violet</col>  

<col>African</col></mcol><cd>-American, a United States citizen

of African descent-->



<hw>Af"ri*can</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Africa; also

one ethnologically belonging to an African race.</def>



<hw>Af`ri*can"der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One born

in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a \'bdcolored\'b8

mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born

of European settlers.</def>



<hw>Af"ri*can*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A word,

phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.</def>

\'bdThe knotty <xex>Africanisms</xex> . . . of the fathers.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Af"ri*can*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

place under the domination of Africans or negroes.</def>

<mark>[Amer.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<mhw><hw>Af"rit</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Af"rite</hw><pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Af"reet</hw></mhw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Arab.

'<ets>ifr\'c6t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Moham. Myth.)</fld> <def>A

powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.</def>



<hw>A*front"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>In front; face to

face. -- <xex>prep</xex>. In front of.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Aft</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91ftan</ets> behind; orig. superl. of <ets>of</ets>,

<ets>off</ets>. See <er>After</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.</def>



<hw>Aft"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91fter</ets> after, behind; akin to Goth.

<ets>aftaro</ets>, <ets>aftra</ets>, backwards, Icel.

<ets>aptr</ets>, Sw. and Dan. <ets>efter</ets>, OHG.

<ets>aftar</ets> behind, Dutch and LG. <ets>achter</ets>, Gr. <?/

further off. The ending <ets>-ter</ets> is an old comparative

suffix, in E. generally <ets>-ther</ets> (as in

<ets>other</ets>), and <ets>after</ets> is a compar. of

<ets>of</ets>, <ets>off</ets>. <?/ See <er>Of</er>; cf.

<er>Aft</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Next; later in time;

subsequent; succeeding; <as>as, an <ex>after</ex> period of

life</as>.</def>



<au>Marshall.</au>



<note><hand/ In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly

combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as,

<xex>after</xex>-ages, <xex>after</xex>-act,

<xex>after</xex>-days, <xex>after</xex>-life. For the most part

the words are properly kept separate when <xex>after</xex> has

this meaning.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hinder; nearer the rear</def>.

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied

to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the

<xex>after</xex> cabin, <xex>after</xex> hatchway.</def> <note>It

is often combined with its noun; <as>as, <ex>after</ex>-bowlines,

<ex>after</ex>-braces, <ex>after</ex>-sails,

<ex>after</ex>-yards, those on the mainmasts and

mizzenmasts</as>.</note>



<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a

ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Behind in

place; <as>as, men in line one <ex>after</ex> another</as>.</def>

\'bdShut doors <xex>after</xex> you.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Below in rank; next to in order.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Codrus <qex>after</qex> Ph<?/bus sings the best.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Later in time; subsequent; <as>as,

<ex>after</ex> supper, <ex>after</ex> three days</as>. It often

precedes a clause. Formerly <xex>that</xex> was interposed

between it and the clause.</def>



<q><qex>After</qex> I am risen again, I will go before you into

Galilee.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 32.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Subsequent to and in consequence of; <as>as,

<ex>after</ex> what you have said, I shall be careful</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Subsequent to and notwithstanding; <as>as,

<ex>after</ex> all our advice, you took that course</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Moving toward from behind; following, in search

of; in pursuit of.</def>



<q>Ye shall not go <qex>after</qex> other gods.</q>

<qau>Deut. vi. 14.</qau>



<q><qex>After</qex> whom is the king of Israel come out?</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xxiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in

relation to; <as>as, to look <ex>after</ex> workmen; to inquire

<ex>after</ex> a friend; to thirst <ex>after</ex>

righteousness.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>In imitation of; in conformity with; after the

manner of; <as>as, to make a thing <ex>after</ex> a model; a

picture <ex>after</ex> Rubens; the boy takes <ex>after</ex> his

father.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>To name</col> or <col>call after</col></mcol>,

<cd>to name like and reference to.</cd></cs>



<q>Our eldest son was <qex>named</qex> George <qex>after</qex>

his uncle.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>According to; in accordance with; in conformity

with the nature of; <as>as, he acted <ex>after</ex> his

kind</as>.</def>



<q>He shall not judge <qex>after</qex> the sight of his eyes.</q>

<qau>Isa. xi. 3.</qau>



<q>They that are <qex>after</qex> the flesh do mind the things of

the flesh.</q>

<qau>Rom. viii. 5.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>According to the direction and influence of; in

proportion to; befitting.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency,

and not <qex>after</qex> their intrinsic value.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>when everything has been

considered; upon the whole.</cd> -- <col>After</col> (with the

same noun preceding and following), as, wave <xex>after<xex>

wave, day <xex>after<xex> day, several or many (waves, etc.)

<cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>One after another</col>,

<cd>successively.</cd> -- <col>To be after</col>, <cd>to be in

pursuit of in order to reach or get; <as>as, he is <ex>after<ex>

money</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aft"er</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Subsequently in time or

place; behind; afterward; <as>as, he follows

<ex>after</ex></as>.</def>



<q>It was about the space of three hours <qex>after</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts. v. 7.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>After</xex> is prefixed to many words, forming

compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may

be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in

<xex>after-</xex> described, <xex>after</xex>-dinner,

<xex>after</xex>-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to

connect the adjective <xex>after</xex> with its noun. See

<er>Note</er> under <er>After</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, 1.</note>



<hw>Aft"er*birth`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The placenta and membranes with which the

fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*cast`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A throw of

dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too

late.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*clap`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening

after an affair is supposed to be at an end.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*crop`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second

crop or harvest in the same year.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Aft"er damp`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.<def> An irrespirable gas,

remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp.

See <er>Carbonic acid</er>.</def>



<hw>Aft"er-din`ner</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The time

just after dinner.</def>   \'bdAn <xex>after-dinner's</xex>

sleep.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Following dinner; post-prandial; <as>as,

an <ex>after-dinner</ex> nap</as>.</def></def2>



<hw>Aft"er-eat`age</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Aftergrass.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*eye`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To look

after.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*game`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second

game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.</def>



<au>Wotton.</au>



<cs><col>Aftergame at Irish</col>, <cd>an ancient game very

nearly resembling backgammon.</cd></cs>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Aft"er-glow</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A glow of

refulgence in the western sky after sunset.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*grass`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The grass

that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*growth`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A second

growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.</def>



<au> J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*guard`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The seaman or seamen stationed on the

poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Aft"er-im`age</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye

after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions

left of tones, smells, etc.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*ings</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The

last milk drawn in milking; strokings.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*math</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>After</ets> + <ets>math</ets>. See

<er>Math</er>.]</ety> <def>A second moving; the grass which grows

after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Aft"er-men`tioned</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Mentioned afterwards; <as>as, persons

<ex>after-mentioned</ex> (in a writing)</as>.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*most</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. superl.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>eftemest</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ftemest</ets>,akin to

Gothic <ets>aftumist</ets> and <ets>aftuma</ets>, the last, orig.

a superlative of <ets>of</ets>, with the superlative endings

<ets>-te</ets>, <ets>-me</ets>, <ets>-st</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Hindmost; -- opposed to

<xex>foremost</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Nearest the stern; most

aft.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*noon"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part

of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.</def>



<hw>Aft"er-note`</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>One of the small notes occur on the

unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the

preceding note.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*pains`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The pains which succeed childbirth, as in

expelling the afterbirth.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*piece`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other

small entertainment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The heel of a rudder.</def>



<hw>Aft"er-sails`</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <plu>pl.</plu>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the

stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Aft"er*shaft`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hypoptilum.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*taste`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A taste

which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*thought`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or

expedient.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aft"er*wards</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aft"er*ward</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91fteweard</ets>, a., behind. See <er>Aft</er>, and

<er>-ward</er> (suffix). The final <ets>s</ets> in

<ets>afterwards</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive

ending.]</ety> <def>At a later or succeeding time.</def>



<hw>Aft"er*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wise after

the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.</def>



<hw>Aft"er-wit`</hw> (#), <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wisdom or perception

that comes after it can be of use.</def>

\'bd<xex>After</xex>-<xex>wit</xex> comes too late when the

mischief is done.\'b8



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Aft"er-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.</def>



<au>Tyndale.</au>



<hw>Aft"most</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Nearest the stern.</def>



<hw>Aft"ward</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Toward the stern.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8A*ga"</hw> <pos>or</pos> <hw>\'d8A*gha"</hw>

(#)</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk. <ets>adh\'be</ets> a great

lord, chief master.]</ety> <def>In Turkey, a commander or chief

officer. It is used also as a title of respect.</def>



<hw>A*gain"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>agein</ets>, <ets>agayn</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>,

<ets>onge\'a0n</ets>, against, again; <ets>on + ge\'a0n</ets>,

akin to Ger. <ets>gegewn</ets> against, Icel. <ets>gegn</ets>.

Cf. <er>Gainsay</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In return, back;

<as>as, bring us word <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Another time; once more; anew.</def>



<q>If a man die, shall he live <qex>again</qex>?</q>

<qau>Job xiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Once repeated; -- of quantity; <as>as, as large

<ex>again</ex>, half as much <ex>again</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In any other place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>On the other hand.</def> \'bdThe one is my

sovereign . . . the other <xex>again</xex> is my kinsman.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Moreover; besides; further.</def>



<q><qex>Again</qex>, it is of great consequence to avoid,

etc.</q>

<qau>Hersche<?/.</qau>



<cs><col>Again and again</col>, <cd>more than once; often;

repeatedly.</cd> -- <col>Now and again</col>, <cd>now and then;

occasionally.</cd> -- <col>To and again</col>, <cd>to and

fro.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>De Foe.</au></cs>



<note><hand/ Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations,

as, <xex>again</xex>-witness, to witness against;

<xex>again</xex>-ride, to ride against; <xex>again</xex>-come, to

come against, to encounter; <xex>again</xex>-bring, to bring

back, etc.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gain"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*gains"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Against; also,

towards (in order to meet).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Albeit that it is <qex>again</qex> his kind.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A*gain"buy`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

redeem.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>A*gain"say`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

gainsay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>A*gainst"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>agens</ets>, <ets>ageynes</ets>, AS. <ets>ongegn</ets>. The

<ets>s</ets> is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See

<er>Again</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abreast; opposite to;

facing; towards; <as>as, <ex>against</ex> the mouth of a

river</as>; -- in this sense often preceded by

<xex>over</xex>.</as></def>



<q>Jacob saw the angels of God come <qex>against</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>From an opposite direction so as to strike or

come in contact with; in contact with; upon; <as>as, hail beats

<ex>against</ex> the roof</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In opposition to, whether the opposition is of

sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in

contrariety to; hence, adverse to; <as>as, <ex>against</ex>

reason; <ex>against</ex> law; to run a race <ex>against</ex>

time.</as></def>



<q>The gate would have been shut <qex>against</qex> her.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<q>An argument <qex>against</qex> the use of steam.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>By of before the time that; in preparation for;

so as to be ready for the time when.</def> <mark>[Archaic or

<xex>Dial</xex>.]</mark>



<q>Urijah the priest made it, <qex>against</qex> King Ahaz came

from Damascus.</q>

<qau>2 Kings xvi. 11.</qau>



<cs><col>Against the sun</col>, <cd>in a direction contrary to

that in which the sun appears to move.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*gain"stand`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

withstand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*gain"ward</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Back

again.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<-- p. 31 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ag`a*lac"ti*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ag"a*lax`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.</def>



<hw>Ag`a*lac"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lacking

milk to suckle with.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`gal-a"gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Agar-agar</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag"al*loch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8A*gal"lo*chum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. <ets>aguru</ets>, Heb.

pl. <ets>ah\'bel\'c6m</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soft, resinous wood

<spn>(Aquilaria Agallocha)</spn> of highly aromatic smell, burnt

by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also

<altname>agalwood</altname> and <altname>aloes wood</altname>.

The name is also given to some other species.</def>



<hw>Ag`al*mat"o*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, image, statue + <ets>-lite</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>agalmatolithe</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A soft,

compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved

into images by the Chinese, and hence called <altname>figure

stone</altname>, and <altname>pagodite</altname>. It is probably

a variety of pinite.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag"a*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<er>Agamas</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From the Caribbean name

of a species of lizard.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances;

also, one of these lizards.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag"a*mi</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agamis</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F. agex>, fr. the native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird

(<spn>Psophia crepitans</spn>), allied to the cranes, and easily

domesticated; -- called also the <altname>gold-breasted

trumpeter</altname>. Its body is about the size of the pheasant.

See <er>Trumpeter</er>.</def>



<hw>A*gam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Produced without sexual union; <as>as, <ex>agamic</ex> or

unfertilized eggs</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Not having

visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants;

agamous.</def>



<hw>A*gam"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

agamic manner.</def>



<hw>Ag"a*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Agamous</er>.]</ety> <def>An unmarried person; also, one

opposed to marriage.</def>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ unmarried (<?/ priv. + <?/ marriage) + <?/

reproduction.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproduction without

the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual

reproduction.</def>



<hw>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Reproducing or produced without sexual

union.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>All known <qex>agamogenetic</qex> processes end in a complete

return to the primitive stock.</q>

<qau>Huxley.</qau>



<hw>Ag"a*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

unmarried; <?/ priv. + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In <plu>Bo>.,

cryptogamous.</def>



<hw>A*gan`gli*o"nic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>ganglionic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Without ganglia.</def>



<hw>A*gape"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gape</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gaping, as with

wonder, expectation, or eager attention.</def>



<q>Dazzles the crowd and sets them all <qex>agape</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ag"a*pe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agap\'91</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ love, pl.

<?/.]</ety> <def>The love feast of the primitive Christians,

being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`gar-a"gar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Ceylonese local name.]</ety> <def>A fucus or seaweed much

used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss

(<spn>Gracilaria lichenoides</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ag"a*ric</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agaricum</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be fr. <ets>Agara</ets>, a

town in Sarmatia.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

fungus of the genus <plu>Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the

common mushroom is an example.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old name for severwal species of

<xex>Polyporus</xex>, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.</def>



<note><hand/ The \'bd<xex>female agaric</xex>\'b8 <spn>(Polyporus

officinalic)</spn> was renowned as a cathartic; the \'bd<xex>male

agaric</xex>\'b8 <spn>(Polyporus igniarius)</spn> is used for

preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.</note>



<cs><col>Agaric mineral</col>, <cd>a light, chalky deposit of

carbonate of lime, sometimes called <xex>rock milk<xex>, formed

in caverns or fissures of limestone.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*gasp"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gasp</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of

gasping.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<mhw><hw>A*gast"</hw> or <hw>A*ghast"</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To affright; to terrify.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*gast"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aghast</er>.</def>



<hw>A*gas"tric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ stomach.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Having to

stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.</def>



<hw>A*gate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> on + <ets>gate</ets> way.]</ety> <def>On the way;

agoing; <as>as, to be <ex>agate</ex>; to set the bells

<ex>agate</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Ag"ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agate</ets>, It. <ets>agata</ets>, L. <ets>achates</ets>,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting

various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately

arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>fortification agate</xex>, or Scotch

pebble, the <xex>moss agate</xex>, the <xex>clouded agate</xex>,

etc., are familiar varieties.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A kind of type, larger than

pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called

<xex>ruby</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ This line is printed in the type called

<xex>agate</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A diminutive person; so called in allusion to

the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders,

etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for

burnishing.</def>



<hw>Ag`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Agate</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or producing agates.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Ag"a*tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or like, agate.</def>



<hw>Ag"a*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Usually

p. p. <er>Agatized</er><pr>(#)</pr>.]</ety> <def>To convert into

agate; to make resemble agate.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Ag"a*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the nature

of agate, or containing agate.</def>



<hw>A*ga"ve</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Agave</ets>, prop. name, fr. Gr. <?/, fem. of <?/

illustrious, noble.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

plants (order <spn>Amaryllidace\'91</spn>) of which the chief

species is the maguey or century plant <spn>(A. Americana)</spn>,

wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according

to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic

flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The

fermented juice is the <xex>pulque</xex> of the Mexicans;

distilled, it yields <xex>mescal</xex>. A strong thread and a

tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many

uses.</def>



<hw>A*gazed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <ety>[Only in p.

p.; another spelling for <ets>aghast</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gazing

with astonishment; amazed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The whole army stood <qex>agazed</qex> on him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aage</ets>, <ets>eage</ets>, F. <ets>\'83ge</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>aetas</ets> through a supposed LL. <ets>aetaticum</ets>. L.

<ets>aetas</ets> is contracted fr. <ets>aevitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>aevum</ets> lifetime, age; akin to E. <ets>aye</ets> ever.

Cf. <er>Each</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The whole duration of

a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind;

lifetime.</def>



<q>Mine <qex>age</qex> is as nothing before thee.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxix. 5.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of the duration of a being or a thing

which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is

the present <xex>age</xex> of a man, or of the earth?</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The latter part of life; an advanced period of

life; seniority; state of being old.</def>



<q>Nor wrong mine <qex>age</qex> with this indignity.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the stages of life; <as>as, the

<ex>age</ex> of infancy, of youth, etc.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Mature age; especially, the time of life at

which one attains full personal rights and capacities; <as>as, to

come of <ex>age</ex>; he (or she) is of <ex>age</ex>.</def> 

<au>Abbott</au>.  <note>In the United States, both males and

females are of <ex>age</ex> when twenty-one years

old.</as></note>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The time of life at which some particular power

or capacity is understood to become vested; <as>as, the

<ex>age</ex> of consent; the <ex>age</ex> of

discretion.</as></def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A particular period of time in history, as

distinguished from others; <as>as, the golden <ex>age</ex>, the

<ex>age</ex> of Pericles</as>.</def> \'bdThe spirit of the

<xex>age</xex>.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<q>Truth, in some <qex>age</qex> or other, will find her

witness.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Archeological ages</col> <cd>are designated as three:

The Stone <xex>age<xex> (the early and the later stone age,

called <xex>paleolithic<xex> and <xex>neolithic<xex>), the Bronze

<xex>age<xex>, and the Iron <xex>age<xex>. During the Age of

Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and

implements.</cd></cs>



<see>See <er>Augustan</er>, <er>Brazen</er>, <er>Golden</er>,

<er>Heroic</er>, <er>Middle</er>.</see>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A great period in the history of the

Earth.</def>



<note>The <it>geologic ages</it> are as follows: 1. The

Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of

the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The <ex>age</ex> of

Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe

consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The <ex>age</ex> of

Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4.

The <ex>age</ex> of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the

Carboniferous <ex>age</ex>. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary

<ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Reptiles, when reptiles

prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary

<ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Mammals, when the mammalia, or

quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The

Quaternary <ex>age</ex>, or <ex>age</ex> of Man, or the modern

era.</note>



<au>Dana.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A century; the period of one hundred

years.</def>



<q>Fleury . . . apologizes for these five <qex>ages</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The people who live at a particular period;

hence, a generation.</def> \'bd<xex>Ages</xex> yet unborn.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>The way which the <qex>age</qex> follows.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<q>Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,

Holds its warped mirror to a gaping <qex>age</qex>.</q>

<qau>C. Sprague.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A long time.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

\'bdHe made minutes an <xex>age</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<cs><col>Age of a tide</col>, <cd>the time from the origin of a

tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given

place.</cd> -- <col>Moon's age</col>, <cd>the time that has

elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and

moon.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Age</xex> is used to form the first part of

many compounds; as, <xex>age</xex>lasting,

<xex>age</xex>-adorning, <xex>age</xex>-worn,

<xex>age</xex>-enfeebled, <xex>age</xex>long.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.</syn>



<hw>Age</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Aged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To grow aged; to

become old; to show marks of age; <as>as, he grew fat as he

<ex>aged</ex></as>.</def>



<q>They live one hundred and thirty years, and never

<qex>age</qex> for all that.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>I am <qex>aging</qex>; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a

light-colored, hair here and there.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to grow old; to

impart the characteristics of age to; <as>as, grief <ex>ages</ex>

us</as>.</def>



<hw>A"ged</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Old;

having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual

time allotted to that species of being; <as>as, an <ex>aged</ex>

man; an <ex>aged</ex> oak.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Belonging to old age.</def> \'bd<xex>Aged</xex>

cramps.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>(#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having

lived; <as>as, a man <ex>aged</ex> forty years</as>.</def>



<hw>A"ged*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of an aged

person.</def>



<hw>A"ged*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

aged; oldness.</def>



<q>Custom without truth is but <qex>agedness</qex> of error.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Age"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without old

age limits of duration; <as>as, fountains of <ex>ageless</ex>

youth</as>.</def>



<hw>A*gen"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & prep.</pos> <def>See

<er>Again</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agencies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[<ets>agentia</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>agence</ets>. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of

being in action; action; instrumentality.</def>



<q>The superintendence and <qex>agency</qex> of Providence in the

natural world.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The office of an agent, or factor; the relation

between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with

the concerns of another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The place of business of am agent.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.</syn>



<hw>A"gend</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Agendum</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A*gen"dum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agenda</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., neut. of the

gerundive of <ets>agere</ets> to act.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Something to be done; in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, a memorandum

book.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this

sense, usually <xex>Agenda</xex>.]</def>



<hw>Ag`e*nes"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Agensis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Characterized

by sterility; infecund.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ birth.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Any

imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of

organization.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag`en*ne"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ an engendering.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Impotence; sterility.</def>



<hw>A"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agens</ets>, <ets>agentis</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>agere</ets>

to act; akin to Gr. <?/ to lead, Icel. <ets>aka</ets> to drive,

Skr. <ets>aj</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <def>Acting<?/ -- opposed to

<xex>patient</xex>, or sustaining, action.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdThe body <xex>agent</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who exerts

power, or has the power to act; an actor.</def>



<q>Heaven made us <qex>agents</qex>, free to good or ill.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who acts for, or in the place of, another,

by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of

another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An active power or cause; that which has the

power to produce an effect; <as>as, a physical, chemical, or

medicinal <ex>agent</ex>; <as>as, heat is a powerful

<ex>agent</ex></as>.</as></def>



<hw>A*gen"tial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an agent or an agency.</def>



<au>Fitzed. Hall.</au>



<hw>A"gent*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Agency.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*ger"a*tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a sort of plant; <?/ priv. + <?/ old age.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants, one species of which

<spn>(A. Mexicanum)</spn> has lavender-blue flowers in dense

clusters.</def>



<hw>Ag*gen`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aggenerare</ets> to beget in addition. See

<er>Generate</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of producing in

addition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Stanley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ag"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

mound, fr. <ets>aggerere</ets> to bear to a place, heap up;

<ets>ad + gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>An earthwork; a

mound; a raised work.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hearne.</au>



<hw>Ag"ger*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aggeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerare</ets>. See

<er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Foxe.</au>



<hw>Ag`ger*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aggeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A heaping up; accumulation;

<as>as, <ex>aggerations</ex> of sand</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ag`ger*ose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In heaps;

full of heaps.</def>



<hw>Ag*gest"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aggestus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggerere</ets>. See

<er>Agger</er>.]</ety> <def>To heap up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The violence of the waters <qex>aggested</qex> the earth.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Agglomerated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Agglomerating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agglomeratus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>agglomerare</ets>; <ets>ad + glomerare</ets> to form

into a ball. See <er>Glomerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To wind or

collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything

like a mass.</def>



<q>Where he builds the <qex>agglomerated</qex> pile.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To collect in a

mass.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ag*glom"er*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Collected into a rounded head

of flowers.</def>



<hw>Ag*glom"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A collection or mass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of angular volcanic

fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from

<xex>conglomerate</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ag*glom`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>agglom\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.</def>



<q>An excessive <qex>agglomeration</qex> of turrets.</q>

<qau>Warton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>State of being collected in a mass; a mass;

cluster.</def>



<hw>Ag*glom"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a tendency to gather together, or to make

collections.</def>



<q>Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one

of his own words) <qex>agglomerative</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agglutinans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>agglutinare</ets>.]</ety> <def>Uniting, as glue; causing, or

tending to cause, adhesion.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>

Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to

adhere.</def></def2>



<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Agglutinated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Agglutinating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>agglutinatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agglutinare</ets> to glue

or cement to a thing; <ets>ad + glutinare</ets> to glue;

<ets>gluten</ets> glue. See <er>Glue</er>.]</ety> <def>To unite,

or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to

unite by causing an adhesion of substances.</def>



<hw>Ag*glu"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(physiol.)</fld> <def>Consisting of root words

combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning;

<as>as, <ex>agglutinate</ex> forms, languages, etc.</as>  See

<er>Agglutination</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Ag*glu`ti*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>agglutination</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being

thus united; adhesion of parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Combination in which root

words are united with little or no change of form or loss of

meaning. See <er>Agglutinative</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Ag*glu"ti*na*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>agglutinatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to

agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause

adhesion; adhesive.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>Formed or characterized by

agglutination, as a language or a compound.</def>



<q>In <qex>agglutinative</qex> languages the union of words may

be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to

chemical compounds.</q>

<qau>R. Morris.</qau>



<q>Cf. <qex>man</qex>-<qex>kind</qex>,

<qex>heir</qex>-<qex>loom</qex>, <qex>war</qex>-<qex>like</qex>,

which are <qex>agglutinative</qex> compounds. The Finnish,

Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are <qex>agglutinative</qex>

languages.</q>

<qau>R. Morris.</qau>



<q><qex>Agglutinative</qex> languages preserve the consciousness

of their roots.</q>

<qau>Max M\'81ller.</qau>



<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grace</ets>: cf. It. <ets>aggraziare</ets>,

LL. <ets>aggratiare</ets>. See <er>Grace</er>.]</ety> <def>To

favor; to grace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThat knight so

much <xex>aggraced</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<-- p. 32 -->



<hw>Ag*grace"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Grace;

favor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ag"gran*di"za*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being aggrandized.</def>



<hw>Ag*gran`di*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Aggrandizement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Waterhouse.</au>



<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aggrandized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Aggrandizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrandir</ets>;

<ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>grandir</ets> to

increase, L. <ets>grandire</ets>, fr. <ets>grandis</ets> great.

See <er>Grand</er>, and cf. <er>Finish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make great; to enlarge; to increase; <as>as, to

<ex>aggrandize</ex> our conceptions, authority,

distress</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make great or greater in power, rank, honor,

or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.</def>



<q>His scheme for <qex>aggrandizing</qex> his son.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make appear great or greater; to exalt.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.</syn>



<hw>Ag"gran*dize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To increase or

become great.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Follies, continued till old age, do <qex>aggrandize</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Ag*gran"dize*ment</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in

power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; <as>as,

the emperor seeks only the <ex>aggrandizement</ex> of his own

family</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement;

promotion; preferment.</syn>



<hw>Ag"gran*di`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

aggrandizes, or makes great.</def>



<hw>Ag*grate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>aggratare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + gratus</ets> pleasing. See

<er>Grate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To please.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Each one sought his lady to <qex>aggrate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ag"gra*vate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aggravated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aggravating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>aggravatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aggravare</ets>. See

<er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make heavy or

heavier; to add to; to increase.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTo

<xex>aggravate</xex> thy store.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make worse, or more severe; to render less

tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance;

to intensify.</def> \'bdTo <xex>aggravate</xex> my woes.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>To <qex>aggravate</qex> the horrors of the scene.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather

<qex>aggravate</qex> than extenuate his crime.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give coloring to in description; to

exaggerate; <as>as, to <ex>aggravate</ex>

circumstances</as>.</def>



<au>Paley.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>If both were to <qex>aggravate</qex> her parents, as my

brother and sister do mine.</q>

<qau>Richardson (Clarissa).</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify;

exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.</syn>



<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Making worse or more heinous; <as>as, <ex>aggravating</ex>

circumstances</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exasperating; provoking; irritating.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>A thing at once ridiculous and <qex>aggravating</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Ingelow.</qau>



<hw>Ag"gra*va`ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

aggravating manner.</def>



<hw>Ag`gra*va"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>aggravatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aggravation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used

of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or

heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and

enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exaggerated representation.</def>



<q>By a little <qex>aggravation</qex> of the features changed it

into the Saracen's head.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An extrinsic circumstance or accident which

increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Provocation; irritation.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Ag"gra*va*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to aggravate.</def> <wordforms><wf>Ag*gres"sive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Ag*gres"sive*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>No <qex>aggressive</qex> movement was made.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ag*gres"sor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.: cf. F.

<ets>agresseur</ets>.]</ety> <def>The person who first attacks or

makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an

assailant.</def>



<q>The insolence of the <qex>aggressor</qex> is usually

proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.</q>

<qau>Ames.</qau>



<hw>Ag*griev"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>agrevance</ets>, fr. <ets>agrever</ets>. See

<er>Aggrieve</er>.]</ety> <def>Oppression; hardship; injury;

grievance.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aggrieved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Aggrieving</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>agreven</ets>, OF.

<ets>agrever</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>grever</ets> to burden, injure, L. <ets>gravare</ets> to

weigh down, fr. <ets>gravis</ets> heavy. See <er>Grieve</er>, and

cf. <er>Aggravate</er>.]</ety> <def>To give pain or sorrow to; to

afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear

heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive <xex>TO be

aggrieved</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Aggrieved</qex> by oppression and extortion.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ag*grieve"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grieve; to

lament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ag*group"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aggrouped</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aggrouping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agrouper</ets>;

<ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>groupe</ets> group. See

<er>Group</er>..]</ety> <def>To bring together in a group; to

group.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Ag*group"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Ag"gry</hw>, <hw>\'d8Ag"gri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of

ancient manufacture; <as>as, <ex>aggry</ex> beads are found in

Ashantee and Fantee in Africa</as>.</def>



<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Agast</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*ghast"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a & p. p.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>agast</ets>, <ets>agasted</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agasten</ets>

to terrify, fr. AS. pref. <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>)

+ <ets>g<?/stan</ets> to terrify, torment: cf. Goth.

<ets>usgaisjan</ets> to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to

the spot with terror; akin to L. <ets>haerere</ets> to stick

fast, cling. See <er>Gaze</er>, <er>Hesitate</er>.]</ety>

<def>Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or

horror.</def>



<q><qex>Aghast</qex> he waked; and, starting from his bed,

Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The commissioners read and stood <qex>aghast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ag"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>agibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agere</ets> to move, do.]</ety>

<def>Possible to be done; practicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdFit for <xex>agible</xex> things.\'b8



<au>Sir A. Sherley.</au>



<hw>Ag"ile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agile</ets>, L. <ets>agilis</ets>, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to

move. See <er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the faculty of quick

motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active;

<as>as, an <ex>agile</ex> boy; an <ex>agile</ex>

tongue.</as></def>



<q>Shaking it with <qex>agile</qex> hand.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.</syn>



<hw>Ag"ile*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an agile manner;

nimbly.</def>



<hw>Ag"ile*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Agility;

nimbleness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*gil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agili\'82</ets>, L. <ets>agilitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>agilis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily;

nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; <as>as, strength and

<ex>agility</ex> of body</as>.</def>



<q>They . . . trust to the <qex>agility</qex> of their wit.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Wheeling with the <qex>agility</qex> of a hawk.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Activity; powerful agency.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>agility</qex> of the sun's fiery heat.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Ag"i*o</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agios</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>aggio</ets>

exchange, discount, premium, the same word as <ets>agio</ets>

ease. See Ease.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The premium or

percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange

for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of

exchange is sometimes called <xex>agio</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ag"i*o*tage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agiotage</ets>, fr. <ets>agioter</ets> to practice

stockjobbing, fr. <ets>agio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exchange business;

also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or

lower the price of stocks or public funds.</def>



<q>Vanity and <qex>agiotage</qex> are to a Parisian the oxygen

and hydrogen of life.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>A*gist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>agister</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>gister</ets> to assign a lodging, fr. <ets>giste</ets>

lodging, abode, F. <ets>g\'8cte</ets>, LL. <ets>gistum</ets>,

<ets>gista</ets>, fr. L. <ets>jacitum</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>jac<?/re</ets> to lie: cf. LL. <ets>agistare</ets>,

<ets>adgistare</ets>. See <er>Gist</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used

originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and

collecting the money for the same.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Ag`is*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Agister</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gist"er</hw>, <hw>A*gist"or</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Anglo-Norman

<ets>agistour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care

of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence

called <altname>gisttaker</altname>, which in England is

corrupted into <altname>guest-taker</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a

certain rate; a pasturer.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>A*gist"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>agistement</ets>. See <er>Agist</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Formerly, the taking and

feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The taking in by any one of other men's cattle

to graze at a certain rate. <au>Mozley & W.</au></def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The price paid for such feeding.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A charge or rate against lands; <as>as, an

<ex>agistment</ex> of sea banks, <it>i. e.</it>, charge for banks

or dikes.</def>



<hw>Ag"i*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agitabilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitable</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ag"i*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Agitated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Agitating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>agitatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>agitare</ets> to put in motion, fr. <ets>agere</ets> to

move: cf. F. <ets>agiter</ets>. See <er>Act</er>,

<er>Agent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move with a violent,

irregular action; <as>as, the wind <ex>agitates</ex> the sea; to

<ex>agitate</ex> water in a vessel.</as></def> \'bdWinds . . .

<xex>agitate</xex> the air.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move or actuate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb;

<as>as, he was greatly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The mind of man is <qex>agitated</qex> by various

passions.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To discuss with great earnestness; to debate;

<as>as, a controversy hotly <ex>agitated</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To revolve in the mind, or view in all its

aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; <as>as,

politicians <ex>agitate</ex> desperate designs</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract;

revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.</syn>



<hw>Ag"i*ta`ted*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an agitated

manner.</def>



<hw>Ag`i*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agitatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agitation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of agitating, or the state of being

agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with

irregular action; commotion; <as>as, the sea after a storm is in

<ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of

tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical

excitement; perturbation; <as>as, to cause any one

<ex>agitation</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Excitement of public feeling by discussion,

appeals, etc.; <as>as, the antislavery <ex>agitation</ex>; labor

<ex>agitation</ex>.</as></def> \'bdReligious

<xex>agitations</xex>.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Examination or consideration of a subject in

controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest

discussion; debate.</def>



<q>A logical <qex>agitation</qex> of the matter.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>The project now in <qex>agitation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor;

perturbation. See <er>Emotion</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ag"i*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

agitate.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`gi*ta"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,

agitated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sung or played in a

restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.</def>



<hw>Ag"i*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites

others; <as>as, political reformers and

<ex>agitators</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a body of men

appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their

interests; -- called also <altname>adjutators</altname>.</def>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An implement for shaking or mixing.</def>



<hw>A*gleam"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gleam</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gleaming; <as>as,

faces <ex>agleam</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag"let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aig"let</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aiguillette</ets> point, tagged point, dim. of

<ets>aiguilee</ets> needle, fr. LL. <ets>acucula</ets> for

<ets>acicula</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>acus</ets> needle, pin<?/:

cf. OF. <ets>agleter</ets> to hook on. See <er>Acute</er>, and

cf. <er>Aiguillette</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tag of a lace

or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They

were sometimes formed into small images. Hence,

\'bd<xex>aglet</xex> baby\'bd (<au>Shak</au>.), an

<xex>aglet</xex> image.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A round white

staylace.</def>



<au>Beck.</au>



<hw>A*gley"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Aside;

askew.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>A*glim"mer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glimmer</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a

glimmering state.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>A*glit"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glitter</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Clittering; in a glitter.</def>



<hw>A*glos"sal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without tongue;

tongueless.</def>



<hw>A*glow"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>glow</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a glow; glowing;

<as>as, cheeks <ex>aglow</ex>; the landscape all

<ex>aglow</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Ag`lu*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>glutire</ets> to swallow.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inability to swallow.</def>



<hw>Ag"mi*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agminalis</ets>; <ets>agmen</ets>, <ets>agminis</ets>, a

train.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an army marching, or to a

train.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ag"mi*na`ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>agmen</ets>,

<ets>agminis</ets>, a train, crowd.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>

<def>Grouped together; <as>as, the <ex>agminated</ex> glands of

Peyer in the small intestine</as>.</def>



<hw>Ag"nail</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>angn\'91gl</ets>; <ets>ange</ets> vexation, trouble +

<ets>n\'91gel</ets> nail. Cf. <er>Hangnail</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A corn on the toe or foot.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inflammation or sore under or around the

nail; also, a hangnail.</def>



<hw>Ag"nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agnatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agnasci</ets> to be born in

addition to; <ets>ad + nasci</ets> (for <ets>gnasci</ets>) to be

born. Cf. <er>Adnate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Related or

akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male

ancestor.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Allied; akin.</def> \'bd<xex>Agnate</xex>

words.\'b8



<au>Pownall.</au>



<q>Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial

and <qex>agnate</qex> with the former.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Ag"nate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>agnat</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A relative

whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.</def>



<hw>Ag*nat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>agnatique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to descent by the

male line of ancestors.</def> \'bdThe <xex>agnatic</xex>

succession.\'b8



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Ag*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agnatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>agnation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>Consanguinity by a line

of males only, as distinguished from <xex>cognation</xex>.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<-- p. 33 -->



<hw>Ag*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agnitio</ets>, fr. <ets>agnoscere</ets>. See

<er>Notion</er>.]</ety> <def>Acknowledgment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grafton.</au>



<hw>Ag*nize"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Formed

like <ets>recognize</ets>, fr. L. <ets>agnoscere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To recognize; to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>I do <qex>agnize</qex> a natural and prompt alacrity.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ag`noi*ol"*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

ignorance + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld>

<def>The doctrine concerning those things of which we are

necessarily ignorant.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag*no"men</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.;

<ets>ad + nomen</ets> name.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An additional

or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable

exploit or event; <as>as, Publius Caius Scipio

<ex>Africanus</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An additional name, or an epithet appended to a

name; <as>as, Aristides <ex>the Just</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ag*nom"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

name.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ag*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agnominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomen</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A surname.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Minsheu.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Paronomasia; also, alliteration;

annomination.</def>



<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ knowing, <?/ to know.]</ety> <def>Professing

ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving

agnosticism.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ag*nos"tic*al*ly</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ag*nos"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who professes

ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of

phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor

denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life,

etc.</def>



<hw>Ag*nos"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor

denies.</def>  Specifically: <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>The

doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world,

etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the

necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon

Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the

evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a

positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer);

-- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic

theism.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag"nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Agnuses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; L. <plw>Agni</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a lamb.]</ety> <def>Agnus

Dei.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag"nus cas"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

willowlike tree, used at a religious festival; confused with <?/

holy, chaste.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of

<spn>Vitex</spn> <spn>(V. agnus castus)</spn>; the chaste

tree.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<q>And wreaths of <qex>agnus castus</qex> others bore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ag"nus De"i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., lamb of

God.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A figure of

a lamb bearing a cross or flag.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A cake of

wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of

the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with

the words \'bd<xex>Agnus Dei</xex>.\'b8</def>



<hw>A*go"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ago</ets>, <ets>agon</ets>, p. p. of <ets>agon</ets> to go

away, pass by, AS. <ets>\'beg\'ben</ets> to pass away;

<ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>,

orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>g\'ben</ets> to go. See

<er>Go</er>.]</ety> <def>Past; gone by; since; <as>as, ten years

<ex>ago</ex>; gone long <ex>ago</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>A*gog"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>gogue</ets> fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.]</ety> <def>In

eager desire; eager; astir.</def>



<q>All <qex>agog</qex> to dash through thick and thin.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>A*go"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + p. pr. of <ets>go</ets>.]</ety> <def>In motion;

in the act of going; <as>as, to set a mill

<ex>agoing</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ag"on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to

lead.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A contest for a prize

at the public games.</def>



<hw>A*gone"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>

<def>Ago.</def> <mark>[Archaic> & Poet.]</mark>



<q>Three days <qex>agone</qex> I fell sick.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xxx. 13.</qau>



<hw>A"gone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Agonic</er>.]</ety> <def>Agonic line.</def>



<hw>A*gon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without angles; <?/ priv. + <?/ an angle.]</ety> <def>Not forming

an angle.</def>



<cs><col>Agonic line</col> <fld>(Physics)</fld>, <cd>an imaginary

line on the earth's surface passing through those places where

the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no

magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western

hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ag"o*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to contend for a prize, fr. <?/. See <er>Agon</er>.]</ety>

<def>Contention for a prize; a contest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Ag"o*nist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>One who contends for the prize in public

games.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag`o*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/. See <er>Agonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or

polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained;

unnatural.</def>



<q>As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his

power in <qex>agonistic</qex> displays.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an agonistic

manner.</def>



<hw>Ag`o*nis"tics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.</def>



<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Agonized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Agonizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>agoniser</ets>, LL.

<ets>agonizare</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Agony</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To writhe with agony; to suffer violent

anguish.</def>



<q>To smart and <qex>agonize</qex> at every pore.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To struggle; to wrestle; to strive

desperately.</def>



<hw>Ag"o*nize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to suffer

agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.</def>



<q>He <qex>agonized</qex> his mother by his behavior.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Ag"o*ni`zing*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

extreme anguish or desperate struggles.</def>



<hw>Ag"o*no*thete`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ + <?/ to set. appoint.]</ety> <mark>[Antiq.]</mark>

<def>An officer who presided over the great public games in

Greece.</def>



<hw>Ag`o*no*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.</def>



<hw>Ag"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Agonies</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>agonia</ets>, Gr.

<?/, orig. a contest, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>agonie</ets>. See

<er>Agon</er>.]<ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Violent contest or

striving.</def>



<q>The world is convulsed by the <qex>agonies</qex> of great

nations.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or

contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic

contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body;

anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of

Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.</def>



<q>Being in an <qex>agony</qex> he prayed more earnestly.</q>

<qau>Luke xxii. 44.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.</def>



<q>With cries and <qex>agonies</qex> of wild delight.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The last struggle of life; death struggle.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs;

suffering.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Agony</er>, <er>Anguish</er>,

<er>Pang</er>. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of

body or mind. <ets>Agony </ets>denotes acute and permanent pain,

usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions.

<ets>Anguish</ets> denotes severe pressure, and, considered as

bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as <ets>anguish</ets>

of a wound), thus differing from <ets>agony</ets>. A

<ets>pang</ets> is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe

and transient. The <ets>agonies</ets> or <ets>pangs</ets> of

remorse; the <ets>anguish</ets> of a wounded conscience. \'bdOh,

sharp convulsive <ets>pangs</ets> of <ets>agonizing</ets>

pride!\'b8</usage>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>A-good</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>good</ets>.]</ety> <def>In earnest;

heartily.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI made her weep

<xex>agood</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ag"o*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>An assembly; hence, the place of assembly,

especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*gou"a*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The crab-eating raccoon

<spn>(Procyon cancrivorus)</spn>, found in the tropical parts of

America.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*gou"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small insectivorous

mammal <spn>(Solenodon paradoxus)</spn>, allied to the moles,

found only in Hayti.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gou"ti</hw>, <hw>A*gou"ty</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>agouti</ets>,

<ets>acouti</ets>, Sp. <ets>aguti</ets>, fr. native name.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rodent of the genus

<spn>Dasyprocta</spn>, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to

South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the

<spn>Dasyprocta agouti</spn>.</def>



<hw>A*grace"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aggrace</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*graffe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agrafe</ets>, formerly <ets>agraffe</ets>, OF.

<ets>agrappe</ets>. See <er>Agrappes</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hook or clasp.</def>



<q>The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an

<qex>agraffe</qex> set with brilliants.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano

wire is so held as to limit the vibration.</def>



<hw>A*gram"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

illiterate; <?/ priv. + <?/ letters, fr. <?/ to write.]</ety>

<def>A illiterate person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*graph"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ to write.]</ety> <def>The absence or loss of the

power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of

aphasia.</def>



<hw>A*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by agraphia.</def>



<hw>A*grappes"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>agrappe</ets>, F. <ets>agrafe</ets>; <ets>a + grappe</ets>

(see <er>Grape</er>) fr. OHG. <ets>kr\'bepfo</ets> hook.]</ety>

<def>Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure;

esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands;

<as>as, the <ex>agrarian</ex> laws of Rome, which distributed the

conquered and other public lands among citizens</as>.</def>



<q>His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an

<qex>agrarian</qex> experiment.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wild; -- said of plants

growing in the fields.</def>



<hw>A*gra"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One in favor

of an equal division of landed property.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agrarian law.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>An equal <qex>agrarian</qex> is perpetual law.</q>

<qau>Harrington.</qau>



<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or

acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.</def>



<hw>A*gra"ri*an*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of

agrarianism.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gre"</hw>, <hw>A*gree"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>. See

<er>Agree</er>.]</ety> <def>In good part; kindly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>A*gree"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Agreed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Agreeing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>agr\'82er</ets> to accept or receive kindly, fr.

<ets>\'85 gr\'82</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>gr\'82</ets> good will, consent, liking, fr. L.

<ets>gratus</ets> pleasing, agreeable. See

<er>Grateful</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To harmonize in

opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be

or become united or consistent; to concur; <as>as, all parties

<ex>agree</ex> in the expediency of the law</as>.</def>



<q>If music and sweet poetry <qex>agree</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Their witness <qex>agreed</qex> not together.</q>

<qau>Mark xiv. 56.</qau>



<q>The more you <qex>agree</qex> together, the less hurt can your

enemies do you.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by

<xex>to</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> to an offer, or to

opinion</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a stipulation by way of settling

differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come

to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.</def>



<q><qex>Agree</qex> with thine adversary quickly.</q>

<qau>Matt. v. 25.</qau>



<q>Didst not thou <qex>agree</qex> with me for a penny ?</q>

<qau>Matt. xx. 13.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to

correspond; <as>as, the picture does not <ex>agree</ex> with the

original; the two scales <ex>agree</ex> exactly.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do

well; <as>as, the same food does not <ex>agree</ex> with every

constitution</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To correspond in gender,

number, case, or person.</def>



<note><hand/ The auxiliary forms of <xex>to be</xex> are often

employed with the participle <xex>agreed</xex>. \'bdThe jury

<xex>were agreed</xex>.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>. \'bdCan two walk

together, except they <xex>be agreed</xex> ?\'b8 <au>Amos iii.

3</au>. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived

from the transitive verb used reflexively. \'bdI <xex>agree</xex>

me well to your desire.\'b8



<au>Ld. Berners.</au>

</note>



<syn>Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede;

engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond;

harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.</syn>



<hw>A*gree"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to

settle; to arrange; <as>as, to <ex>agree</ex> the fact; to

<ex>agree</ex> differences.</as></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*gree`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>agreablete</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easiness of

disposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being, or making one's self,

agreeable; agreeableness.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>A*gree"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>agr\'82able</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pleasing, either

to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; <as>as,

<ex>agreeable</ex> manners or remarks; an <ex>agreeable</ex>

person; fruit <ex>agreeable</ex> to the taste.</as></def>



<q>A train of <qex>agreeable</qex> reveries.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Willing; ready to agree or consent.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great

sum of money, so that he will be but content and

<qex>agreeable</qex> that they may enter into the said town.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Agreeing or suitable; conformable;

correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>,

rarely by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>That which is <qex>agreeable</qex> to the nature of one thing,

is many times contrary to the nature of another.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in

this sense used adverbially for <xex>agreeably</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>agreeable</ex> to the order of the day, the House took up the

report</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable;

amiable. See <er>Pleasant</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*gree"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives

satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.</def>



<q>That author . . . has an <qex>agreeableness</qex> that charms

us.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being agreeable or suitable;

suitableness or conformity; consistency.</def>



<q>The <qex>agreeableness</qex> of virtuous actions to human

nature.</q>

<qau>Pearce.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>between</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>agreeableness</qex> between man and the other parts

of the universe.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<hw>A*gree"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.</def>

\'bd<xex>Agreeably</xex> entertained.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In accordance; suitably; consistently;

conformably; -- followed by <xex>to</xex> and rarely by

<xex>with</xex>. See <er>Agreeable</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>



<q>The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent,

<qex>agreeably</qex> to the maxim above laid down.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Alike; similarly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Both clad in shepherds' weeds <qex>agreeably</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*gree"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an agreeing

manner (<xex>to</xex>); correspondingly; agreeably.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*gree"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>agr\'82ment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>State of

agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character;

concurrence; concord; conformity; <as>as, a good

<ex>agreement</ex> subsists among the members of the

council</as>.</def>



<q>What <qex>agreement</qex> hath the temple of God with idols

?</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vi. 16.</qau>



<q>Expansion and duration have this further

<qex>agreement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Concord or correspondence of

one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A concurrence in

an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an

exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or

stipulation; a contract.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The language,

oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.</def>



<au>Abbott. Brande & C.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.</syn>



<hw>A*gre"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

agrees.</def>



<hw>A*gres"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agrestis</ets>, fr. <ets>ager</ets> field.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the

city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.</def>

\'bd<xex>Agrestic</xex> behavior.\'b8



<au>Gregory.</au>



<hw>A*gres"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Agrestic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*gric`o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

<ets>agricolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Agriculture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>A*gric"o*list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.</def>



<au>Dodsley.</au>



<hw>Ag"ri*cul`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>ager</ets> field + <ets>cultor</ets> cultivator.]</ety>

<def>An agriculturist; a farmer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in,

tillage; <as>as, the <ex>agricultural</ex> class;

<ex>agricultural</ex> implements, wages, etc.</as></def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Agricultural ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for

food. The remarkable species <spn>(Myrmica barbata)</spn> found

in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its

favorite grain, known as ant rice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)</def>



<hw>Ag"ri*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>agricultura</ets>; <ets>ager</ets> field +

<ets>cultura</ets> cultivation: cf. F. <ets>agriculture</ets>.

See <er>Acre</er> and <er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The art or

science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of

crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage;

husbandry; farming.</def>



<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Agriculture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One engaged or

skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.</def>



<q>The farmer is always a practitioner, the

<qex>agriculturist</qex> may be a mere theorist.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<hw>A*grief"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grief</ets>.]</ety> <def>In grief;

amiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ag"ri*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>agremoyne</ets>, OF. <ets>aigremoine</ets>, L.

<ets>agrimonia</ets> for <ets>argemonia</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants

of the Rose family.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The name is also

given to various other plants; <as>as, hemp <ex>agrimony</ex>

<spn>(Eupatorium cannabinum)</spn>; water <ex>agrimony</ex>

(<spn>Bidens</spn>).</as></def>



<note><hand/ The <spn>Agrimonia eupatoria</spn>, or common

agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was

once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.</note>



<-- p. 34 -->



<hw>A*grin"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grin</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of

grinning.</def> \'bdHis visage all <xex>agrin</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed or engaged in agriology.</def>



<hw>Ag`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wild, savage + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Description or

comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized

tribes.</def>



<hw>A*grise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'begr\'c6san</ets> to dread; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, Ger. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning

<ets>out</ets>) + <ets>gr\'c6san</ets>, for <ets>gr<?/san</ets>

(only in comp.), akin to OHG. <ets>gr<?/is<?/n</ets>, G.

<ets>grausen</ets>, to shudder. See <er>Grisly</er>.]</ety>

<def>To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*grise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shudder

at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To terrify; to affright.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His manly face that did his foes <qex>agrise</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A"grom</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease occurring in Bengal

and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and

cleaves.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ag`ro*nom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>agronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to agronomy, of

the management of farms.</def>



<hw>Ag`ro*nom"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of the distribution and management of land.</def>



<hw>A*gron"o*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.</def>



<hw>A*gron"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

rural; as a noun, an overseer of the public lands; <?/ field +

<?/ usage, <?/ to deal out, manage: cf. F.

<ets>agronomie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The management of land; rural

economy; agriculture.</def>



<hw>A*grope"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>grope</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the act of

groping.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*gros"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of grasses, including species called

in common language <xex>bent grass</xex>. Some of them, as redtop

(<spn>Agrostis vulgaris</spn>), are valuable pasture

grasses.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*gros`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>agrostographique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to agrostography.</def>



<hw>Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of the

grasses.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*gros`to*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*gros`to*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to agrostology.</def>



<hw>Ag`ros*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

skilled in agrostology.</def>



<hw>Ag`ros*tol"ogy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of botany which treats

of the grasses.</def>



<hw>A*ground"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the ground;

stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom

lodges on the ground.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>A*group"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aggroupment</er>.</def>



<hw>Ag`ryp*not"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

sleepless; <?/ to chase, search for + <?/ sleep: cf. F.

<ets>agrypnotique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything which prevents

sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`guar*di*en"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp., contr. of <ets>agua ardiente</ets> burning water (L.

<ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>ardens</ets> burning).]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong alcoholic drink, especially

pulque.</def> <mark>[Mexico and Spanish America.]</mark>



<hw>A"gue</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>agu</ets>, <ets>ague</ets>, OF. <ets>agu</ets>, F.

<ets>aigu</ets>, sharp, OF. fem. <ets>ague</ets>, LL. (febris)

<ets>acuta</ets>, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. <ets>acutus</ets>

sharp. See <er>Acute</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An acute

fever.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBrenning

<xex>agues</xex>.\'b8



<au>P. Plowman.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An intermittent fever,

attended by alternate cold and hot fits.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever;

<as>as, fever and <ex>ague</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A chill, or state of shaking, as with

cold.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Ague cake</col>, <cd>an enlargement of the spleen

produced by ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague drop</col>, <cd>a solution of

the arsenite of potassa used for ague.</cd> -- <col>Ague

fit</col>, <cd>a fit of the ague. <au>Shak.</au></cd> --

<col>Ague spell</col>, <cd>a spell or charm against ague.

<xex>Gay<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Ague tree</col>, <cd>the sassafras,

-- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in

cases of ague. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>A"gue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Agued</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike

with an ague, or with a cold fit.</def>



<au>Heywood.</au>



<hw>A*guilt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be

guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*guise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dress.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>A*guise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>guise</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dress; to attire; to

adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Above all knights ye goodly seem <qex>aguised</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A"gu*ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering;

chilly; shaky.</def>



<q>Her <qex>aguish</qex> love now glows and burns.</q>

<qau>Granville.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Productive of, or affected by, ague; <as>as, the

<ex>aguish</ex> districts of England</as>.</def>



<au>T. Arnold.</au>



<wordforms><wf>A"gu*ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*gush"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>gush</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a gushing

state.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Ag"y*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Without female

organs; male.</def>



<hw>Ah</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>a</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>a</ets>, F. <ets>ah</ets>, L.

<ets>ah</ets>, Gr. <?/, Sk. <ets>\'be</ets>, Icel. \'91, OHG.

<ets>\'be</ets>, Lith. <ets>\'a0</ets>,

<ets>\'a0\'a0</ets>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation, expressive of

surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening,

delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of

utterance.</def>



<hw>A*ha"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ah</ets>, interj. + <ets>ha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed

with derision or irony, or simple surprise.</def>



<hw>A*ha"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sunk fence. See

<er>Ha-ha</er>.</def>



<au>Mason.</au>



<hw>A*head"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In or to

the front; in advance; onward.</def>



<q>The island bore but a little <qex>ahead</qex> of us.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Headlong; without restraint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<cs><col>To go ahead</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To go in

advance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To go on onward.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>To push on in an enterprise.</cd> <mark>[Colloq]</mark> --

<col>To get ahead of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To get in advance

of.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To surpass; to get the better of.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>A*heap"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>heap</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a heap; huddled

together.</def>



<au>Hood.</au>



<hw>A*height"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>height</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aloft; on

high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdLook up

<xex>aheight</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*hem"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An

exclamation to call one's attention; hem.</def>



<hw>A*hey"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Hey;

ho.</def>



<hw>A*high"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On

high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*hold"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Near the wind;

<as>as, to lay a ship <ex>ahold</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*horse"back</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On

horseback.</def>



<q>Two suspicious fellows <qex>ahorseback</qex>.</q>

<qau>Smollet.</qau>



<hw>A*hoy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE. a,

interj. + <ets>hoy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A term

used in hailing; <as>as, \'bdShip <ex>ahoy</ex></as>.\'b8</def>



<hw>\'d8Ah"ri*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Per.]</ety> <def>The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient

Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to <xex>Ormuzd</xex>,

the King of Light.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"hu</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Asiatic

gazelle.</def>



<hw>A*hull"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hull</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied

to ships in a storm. See <er>Hull</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>A*hun"gered</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>hungered</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pinched with

hunger; very hungry.</def>



<au>C. Bront\'82.</au>



<hw>A"i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Ais</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Braz. <ets>a\'8b</ets>,

<ets>ha\'8b</ets>, from the animal's cry: cf. F.

<ets>a\'8b</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

three-toed sloth <spn>(Bradypus tridactylus)</spn> of South

America. See <er>Sloth</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Ai"blins</hw>, <hw>A"blins</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Able</er>.]</ety> <def>Perhaps;

possibly.</def> <mark>[Scotch]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Aich's met"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A kind of gun metal,

containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.</def>



<hw>Aid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Aided</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Aiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aider</ets>,

OF. <ets>aidier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>adjutare</ets> to help, freq.

of <ets>adjuvare</ets> to help; <ets>ad + juvare</ets> to help.

Cf. <er>Adjutant</er>.]</ety> <def>To support, either by

furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a

purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to

assist.</def>



<q>You speedy helpers . . . 

Appear and <qex>aid</qex> me in this enterprise.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve;

befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>



<hw>Aid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>aide</ets>, OF.

<ets>a\'8bde</ets>, <ets>a\'8be</ets>, fr. the verb. See

<er>Aid</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Help;

succor; assistance; relief.</def>



<q>An unconstitutional mode of obtaining <qex>aid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The person or thing that promotes or helps in

something done; a helper; an assistant.</def>



<q>It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him

an <qex>aid</qex> like unto himself.</q>

<qau>Tobit viii. 6.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>A subsidy granted to the

king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>A pecuniary tribute paid

by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation;

<as>as, a general's <ex>aid</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Aid prayer</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a proceeding by

which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one

who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in

suit.</cd> -- <col>To pray in aid</col>, <cd>to beseech and claim

such assistance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aid"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>aidance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Aidance</qex> 'gainst the enemy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Aid"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aidant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aider</ets> to help.]</ety>

<def>Helping; helpful; supplying aid.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Aid"-de-camp`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aids-de-camp</plw>. <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>aide

de camp</ets> (literally) camp assistant.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer selected by a general to carry

orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in

directing movements.</def>



<hw>Aid"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that

which, aids.</def>



<hw>Aid"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Helpful.</def>

<mark>[Archaic.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Aid"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Helpless; without

aid.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Aid"-ma`jor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

adjutant of a regiment.</def>



<hw>Ai"el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ayle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Aig"let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Aglet</er>.</def>



<hw>Ai"gre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Eager</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ai"gre*more</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

origin unknown.]</ety> <def>Charcoal prepared for making

powder.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ai"gret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ai*grette</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a sort of white

heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers;

dim. of the same word as <ets>heron</ets>. See <er>Heron</er>,

and cf. <er>Egret</er>, <er>Egrette</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The small white European heron. See

<er>Egret</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A plume or tuft for the head composed of

feathers, or of gems, etc.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tuft like that of the egret</def>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A feathery crown of seed; egret; <as>as,

the <ex>aigrette</ex> or down of the dandelion or the

thistle</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ai`guille"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

needle. See <er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

needle-shaped peak.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for boring holes, used in

blasting.</def>



<hw>Ai`guil*lette"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Aglet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A point or tag at the end

of a fringe or lace; an aglet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on

some military and naval uniforms.</def>



<hw>Ai"gu*let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aglet</er>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ail</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Ailed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Ailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>eilen</ets>, <ets>ailen</ets>, AS. <ets>eglan</ets> to

trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-<ets>agljan</ets> to distress,

<ets>agls</ets> troublesome, irksome, <ets>aglo</ets>,

<ets>aglitha</ets>, pain, and prob. to E. <ets>awe</ets>.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To affect with pain or uneasiness, either

physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to

express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown;

<as>as, what <ex>ails</ex> the man? I know not what <ex>ails</ex>

him</as>.</def>



<q>What <qex>aileth</qex> thee, Hagar?</q>

<qau>Gen. xxi. 17.</qau>



<note><hand/ It is never used to express a specific disease. We

do not say, a fever <xex>ails</xex> him; but, something

<xex>ails</xex> him.</note>



<hw>Ail</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be affected with pain or

uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in

trouble.</def>



<q>When he <qex>ails</qex> ever so little . . . he is so

peevish.</q>

<qau>Richardson.</qau>



<hw>Ail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Indisposition or morbid

affection.</def>



<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Ai*lan"thus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ailantus</er>.</def>



<hw>Ai*lan"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>aylanto</ets>, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree

in the Moluccas.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly

di<?/cious, and the staminate or male plant is very offensive

when blossom.</def>



<hw>Ai*lette</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ailette</ets>, dim. of <ets>aile</ets> wing, L.

<ets>ala</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small square shield, formerly worn

on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern

epaulet.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Ail"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Indisposition;

morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute

diseases.</def> \'bdLittle <xex>ailments</xex>.\'b8



<au>Landsdowne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ai`lu*roid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ cat + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, which

includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.</def>



<hw>Aim</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Aimed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Aiming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>amen</ets>,

<ets>aimen</ets>, <ets>eimen</ets>, to guess at, to estimate, to

aim, OF. <ets>esmer</ets>, <ets>asmer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>aestimare</ets> to estimate; or perh. fr. OF.

<ets>aesmer</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>esmer</ets>. See

<er>Estimate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To point or direct a

missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an

object or spot with the intent of hitting it; <as>as, to

<ex>aim</ex> at a fox, or at a target</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt

the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; --

followed by <xex>at</xex>, or by an infinitive; <as>as, to

<ex>aim</ex> at distinction; to <ex>aim</ex> to do

well.</as></def>



<q><qex>Aim'st</qex> thou at princes?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To guess or conjecture.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Aim</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To direct or point, as a

weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act,

or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; <as>as, to

<ex>aim</ex> a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow

(<ex>at</ex> something); to <ex>aim</ex> a satire or a reflection

(<ex>at</ex> some person or vice).</as></def>



<hw>Aim</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>esme</ets>

estimation, fr. <ets>esmer</ets>. See <er>Aim</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The pointing of a weapon, as a

gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the

object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of

anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a

particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect

it.</def>



<q>Each at the head leveled his deadly <qex>aim</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The point intended to be hit, or object intended

to be attained or affected.</def>



<q>To be the <qex>aim</qex> of every dangerous shot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Intention; purpose; design; scheme.</def>



<q>How oft ambitious <qex>aims</qex> are crossed!</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Conjecture; guess.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What you would work me to, I have some <qex>aim</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To cry aim</col> <fld>(Archery)</fld>, <cd>to

encourage.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose;

intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.</syn>



<hw>Aim"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who aims,

directs, or points.</def>



<hw>Aim"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without aim or purpose;

<as>as, an <ex>aimless</ex> life</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Aim"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Aim"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ai"no</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Said to be the

native name for man.]</ety> <def>One of a peculiar race

inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part

of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the

progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with

hairy bodies.</def>



<hw>Ain't</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A contraction for <xex>are

not</xex> and <xex>am not</xex>; also used for <xex>is not</xex>.

<mark>[Colloq. or llliterate speech]</mark>. See

<er>An't</er>.</def>



<hw>Air</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>air</ets>, <ets>eir</ets>, F. <ets>air</ets>, L.

<ets>a\'89r</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, air, mist, for <?/, fr. root <?/

to blow, breathe, probably akin to E. <ets>wind</ets>. In sense

10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. <ets>aria</ets>

atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12,

13 the French meaning is either fr. L. <ets>aria</ets>, or due to

confusion with F. <ets>aire</ets>, in an older sense of origin,

descent. Cf. <er>A<?/ry</er>, <er>Debonair</er>,

<er>Malaria</er>, <er>Wind</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the

atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent,

compressible, elastic, and ponderable.</def>



<note><hand/ By the ancient philosophers, <xex>air</xex> was

regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is

essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount

of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume:

oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon

dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very

slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of

water.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or

volatile.</def> \'bdCharm ache with <xex>air</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He was still all <qex>air</qex> and fire. <qau>Macaulay</qau>.

[<qex>Air</qex> and <qex>fire</qex> being the finer and quicker

elements as opposed to <qex>earth</qex> and

<qex>water</qex>.]</q>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A particular state of the atmosphere, as

respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the

sensations; <as>as, a smoky <ex>air</ex>, a damp <ex>air</ex>,

the morning <ex>air</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any a\'89riform body; a gas; <as>as, oxygen was

formerly called vital <ex>air</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle

wind.</def>



<q>Let vernal <qex>airs</qex> through trembling osiers play.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Odoriferous or contaminated air.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>That which surrounds and influences.</def>



<q>The keen, the wholesome <qex>air</qex> of poverty.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.</def>



<q>You gave it <qex>air</qex> before me.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Intelligence; information.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A musical idea,

or <xex>motive</xex>, rhythmically developed in consecutive

single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole,

which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or

song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a

melody; a tune; an aria.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In harmonized

chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the

tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is

sometimes called the <xex>air</xex>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a

person; mien; demeanor; <as>as, the <ex>air</ex> of a youth; a

heavy <ex>air</ex>; a lofty <ex>air</ex>.</as></def>  \'bdHis

very <xex>air</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Peculiar appearance; apparent character;

semblance; manner; style.</def>



<q>It was communicated with the <qex>air</qex> of a secret.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An artificial or affected

manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; <as>as, it is said

of a person, he puts on <ex>airs</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<-- p. 35 -->



<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric

medium through which every object in nature is viewed.</def>

<au>New Am. Cyc</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carriage; attitude;

action; movement; <as>as, the head of that portrait has a good

<ex>air</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>The artificial motion or

carriage of a horse.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Air</xex> is much used adjectively or as the

first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written

indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first

element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as,

<xex>air</xex> bladder, <xex>air</xex>-bladder, or

<xex>air</xex>bladder; <xex>air</xex> cell, <xex>air</xex>-cell,

or <xex>air</xex>cell; <xex>air</xex>-pump, or

<xex>air</xex>pump.</note>



<cs><col>Air balloon<col>. <cd>See <er>Balloon</er>. </cd> --

<col>Air bath</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An apparatus for the

application of air to the body. <sd>(b)</sd> An arrangement for

drying substances in air of any desired temperature.</cd> --

<col>Air castle<col>.  <cd>See <er>Castle in the air</er>, under

<er>Castle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Air compressor</col>, <cd>a machine

for compressing air to be used as a motive power.</cd> --

<col>Air crossing</col>, <cd>a passage for air in a mine.</cd> --

<col>Air cushion</col>, <cd>an air-tight cushion which can be

inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by

confined air.</cd> -- <col>Air fountain</col>, <cd>a contrivance

for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.</cd>

-- <col>Air furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace which depends on a

natural draft and not on blast.</cd> -- <col>Air line</col>,

<cd>a straight line; a bee line.</cd> Hence <col>Air-line</col>,

<pos>adj.</pos>; <cd><as>as, <ex>air-line</ex> road</as>.</cd> --

<col>Air lock</col> <fld>(Hydr. Engin.)</fld>, <cd>an

intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air

chamber of a pneumatic caisson.</cd> <au>Knight.</au>  --

<col>Air port</col> <fld>(Nav.)</fld>, <cd>a scuttle or porthole

in a ship to admit air.</cd> -- <col>Air spring</col>, <cd>a

spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized.</cd> --

<col>Air thermometer</col>, <cd>a form of thermometer in which

the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes

of temperature.</cd> -- <col>Air threads</col>,

<cd>gossamer.</cd> -- <col>Air trap</col>, <cd>a contrivance for

shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench

trap.</cd> -- <col>Air trunk</col>, <cd>a pipe or shaft for

conducting foul or heated air from a room.</cd> -- <col>Air

valve</col>, <cd>a valve to regulate the admission or egress of

air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and

allows air to enter.</cd> -- <col>Air way</col>, <cd>a passage

for a current of air; as the <xex>air way</xex> of an air pump;

an <xex>air way</xex> in a mine.</cd> -- <col>In the air</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Prevalent without traceable origin or authority,

as rumors.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Not in a fixed or stable

position; unsettled.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<cd>Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as,

the army had its wing <xex>in the air</xex>.</cd> -- <col>To take

air</col>, <cd>to be divulged; to be made public.</cd> -- <col>To

take the air</col>, <cd>to go abroad; to walk or ride

out.</cd></cs>



<hw>Air</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Aired</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Airing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Air</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>A<?/rate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing,

or purifying; to ventilate; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> a

room</as>.</def>



<q>It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were

<qex>aired</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Were you but riding forth to <qex>air</qex> yourself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expose for the sake of public notice; to

display ostentatiously; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> one's

opinion</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Airing</qex> a snowy hand and signet gem.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling

dampness, or of warming; <as>as, to <ex>air</ex> linen; to

<ex>air</ex> liquors.</as></def>



<hw>Air" bed`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A sack or matters inflated

with air, and used as a bed.</def>



<hw>Air" blad`der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An air sac, sometimes double or variously

lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in

the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in

the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or

esophagus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or

plant; also an air hole in a casting.</def>



<hw>Air" brake`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.  <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A

railway brake operated by condensed air.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Air"-built`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Erected in

the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; <as>as, an

<ex>air</ex>-<ex>built</ex> castle</as>.</def>



<hw>Air" cell`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air

only.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A receptacle of air in

various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the

walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a

dilatation of the air vessels in insects.</def>



<hw>Air" cham`ber</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chamber

or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cavity containing air to act as a spring for

equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic

machine.</def>



<hw>Air" cock`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A faucet to allow escape

of air.</def>



<hw>Air"-drawn"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drawn in

air; imaginary.</def>



<q>This is the <qex>air</qex>-<qex>drawn</qex> dagger.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Air" drill`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A drill driven by the

elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Air" engine`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> An engine driven by

heated or by compressed air.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Air"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who exposes to the air.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A frame on which clothes are aired or

dried.</def>



<hw>Air" gas`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> See under

<er>Gas</er>.</def>



<hw>Air" gun`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A kind of gun in which the

elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The

air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the

gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated

by the trigger.</def>



<-- airhead -->



<hw>Air" hole`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hole to

admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not

frozen over.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>A fault in a casting,

produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.</def>



<hw>Air"i*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an airy

manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.</def>



<hw>Air"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; <as>as,

the <ex>airiness</ex> of a country seat</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; <as>as,

the <ex>airiness</ex> of young persons</as>.</def>



<hw>Air"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's

sake.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming,

drying, etc.; <as>as, the <ex>airing</ex> of linen, or of a

room</as>.</def>



<hw>Air" jack`et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A jacket having

air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to

render persons buoyant in swimming.</def>



<hw>Air"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not open to a

free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the

open air.</def>



<hw>Air" lev`el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> Spirit level. See

<er>Level</er>.</def>



<hw>Air"like`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling

air.</def>



<hw>Air"ling</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thoughtless,

gay person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdSlight

<xex>airlings</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Air*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Air</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A hollow

cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and

has its open end plunged into water.</def>



<hw>Air" pipe`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A pipe for the passage of

air; esp. a ventilating pipe.</def>



<hw>Air" plant`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.  <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an

a\'89rophyte.</def>



<note><hand/ The \'bdFlorida moss\'b8 <spn>(Tillandsia)</spn>,

many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air

plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on

them, are <xex>epiphytes</xex>.</note>



<hw>Air" poise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.  <ety>[See

<er>Poise</er>.]</ety> <def>A<?/ <?/ measure the weight of

air.</def>



<hw>Air" pump`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A kind of pump for exhausting air from

a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force

in into a closed space.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engines)</fld> <def>A pump used to

exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for

condensing, and any commingled air.</def>



<hw>Air" sac`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of

the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are

filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs;

an air cell.</def>



<hw>Air" shaft`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A passage, usually

vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.</def>



<hw>Air"-slacked`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slacked,

or pulverized, by exposure to the air; <as>as,

<ex>air</ex>-<ex>slacked</ex> lime</as>.</def>



<hw>Air" stove`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A stove for heating a

current of air which is directed against its surface by means of

pipes, and then distributed through a building.</def>



<hw>Air"-tight`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>So tight as

to be impermeable to air; <as>as, an <ex>air</ex>-<ex>tight</ex>

cylinder</as>.</def>



<hw>Air"-tight`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stove the draft of

which can be almost entirely shut off.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Air" ves`sel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A vessel, cell, duct,

or tube containing or conducting air; as the <xex>air

vessels</xex> of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the <xex>air

vessel</xex> of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see <er>Air

chamber</er>. The <xex>air vessels</xex> of insects are called

<xex>trache\'91</xex>, of plants <xex>spiral vessels</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Air"ward</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Air"wards</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Toward the air;

upward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Air"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of air; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> substance; the

<ex>airy</ex> parts of bodies.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating or belonging to air; high in air;

a\'89rial; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> flight</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>airy</xex> region.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Open to a free current of air; exposed to the

air; breezy; <as>as, an <ex>airy</ex> situation</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not

material; airlike.</def> \'bdAn <xex>airy</xex> spirit.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate;

graceful; <as>as, <ex>airy</ex> music</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Without reality; having no solid foundation;

empty; trifling; visionary.</def> \'bd<xex>Airy</xex> fame.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Empty sound, and <qex>airy</qex> notions.</q>

<qau>Roscommon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant;

superficial.</def> \'bdMerry and <xex>airy</xex>.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Having an affected manner; being in the habit of

putting on airs; affectedly grand.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>Having the light and

a\'89rial tints true to nature.</def>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<hw>Aisle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ele</ets>, F. <ets>aile</ets>, wing, wing of a building, L.

<ets>ala</ets>, contr. fr. <ets>axilla</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lateral division of a

building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a

row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall

containing windows, called the clearstory wall.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the

phrases, a church with three <xex>aisles</xex>, the middle

<xex>aisle</xex>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Also (perhaps from

confusion with <xex>alley</xex>), a passage into which the pews

of a church open.</def>



<hw>Aisled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

an aisle or aisles.</def>



<hw>Ais"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without an

aisle.</def>



<hw>Ait</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <?/, <?/,

perh. dim. of <ets>\'c6eg</ets>, <ets>\'c6g</ets>, island. See

<er>Eyot</er>.]</ety> <def>An islet, or little isle, in a river

or lake; an eyot.</def>



<q>The <qex>ait</qex> where the osiers grew.</q>

<qau>R. Hodges (1649).</qau>



<q>Among green <qex>aits</qex> and meadows.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Ait</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Oat.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Aitch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The letter

<xex>h</xex> or <xex>H</xex>.</def>



<hw>Aitch"bone`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>nachebone</ets>. For loss of <ets>n</ets>, cf.

<er>Adder</er>. See <er>Natch</er>.]</ety> <def>The bone of the

rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>edgebone</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ai`ti*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>\'92tiology</er>.</def>



<hw>A*jar"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>on

char</ets> ajar, on the turn; AS. <ets>cerr</ets>,

<ets>cyrr</ets>, turn, akin to G. <ets>kehren</ets> to turn, and

to D. <ets>akerre</ets>. See <er>Char</er>.]</ety> <def>Slightly

turned or opened; <as>as, the door was standing

<ex>ajar</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*jar"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jar</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a state of

discord; out of harmony; <as>as, he is <er>ajar</er> with the

world</as>.</def>



<hw>A*jog"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>jog</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the jog.</def>



<hw>Aj"u*tage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ajutage</ets>, for <ets>ajoutage</ets>, fr.

<ets>ajouter</ets> to add, LL. <ets>adjuxtare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>ad + juxta</ets> near to, nigh. Cf. <er>Adjutage</er>,

<er>Adjustage</er>, <er>Adjust</er>.]</ety> <def>A tube through

which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; <as>as, the

<ex>ajutage</ex> of a fountain</as>.</def>



<hw>Ake</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ache</er>.</def>



<hw>A*kene"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Achene</er>.</def>



<hw>Ak"e*ton</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Acton</er>.</def>



<hw>A*kim"bo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymology

unknown. Cf. <er>Kimbo</er>.]</ety> <def>With a crook or bend;

with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward.</def> \'bdWith

one arm <xex>akimbo</xex>.\'b8



<au>Irving.</au>



<hw>A*kin"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> (for <ets>of</ets>) + <ets>kin</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of

persons; <as>as, the two families are near

<ex>akin</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Allied by nature; partaking of the same

properties; of the same kind.</def> \'bdA joy <xex>akin</xex> to

rapture.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>The literary character of the work is <qex>akin</qex> to its

moral character.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<note><hand/ This adjective is used only after the noun.</note>



<hw>\'d8Ak`i*ne"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ quiescence; <?/ priv. + <?/ motion.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.</def>



<au>Foster.</au>



<hw>Ak`i*ne"sic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to akinesia.</def>



<hw>A*knee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On the

knee.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Ak*now"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> Earlier form of

<er>Acknow</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>To be aknow</col>, <cd>to acknowledge; to confess.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>All.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al-</hw>. <pos>A prefix.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd> <ety>[AS.

<ets>eal</ets>.]</ety> <def>All; wholly; completely; <as>as,

<ex>al</ex>mighty,<ex>al</ex>most</as>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd>

<ety>[L. <ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>To; at; on; -- in OF.

shortened to <xex>a</xex>-. See <er>Ad-</er>.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The Arabic definite article answering to the English

<it>the</it>; <as>as, <ex>Al</ex>koran, <it>the</it> Koran or

<it>the</it> Book; <ex>al</ex>chemy, <it>the</it>

chemistry.</as></def>



<hw>Al</hw>. <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Although; if.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>All</er>, <pos>conj.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8A"la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Al\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a wing.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A winglike organ, or part.</def>



<hw>Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary

age except the lignitic.</def>



<hw>Al"a*bas"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alabaster</ets>, Gr. <?/, said to be derived fr.

<ets>Alabastron</ets>, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it

was common: cf. OF. <ets>alabastre</ets>, F.

<ets>alb\'83tre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or

gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but

sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel

ornaments, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A hard, compact variety

of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades

of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It

is sometimes distinguished as <xex>oriental

alabaster</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A box or vessel for holding odoriferous

ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was

originally made.</def>



<au>Fosbroke.</au>



<hw>Al`a*bas"tri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alabastrine.</def>



<hw>Al`a*bas"trine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as <xex>alabastrine</xex>

limbs.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`a*bas"trum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alabastra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A flower bud.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*lack"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

from <ets>ah! lack!</ets> OE. <ets>lak</ets> loss, failure,

misfortune. See <er>Lack</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation

expressive of sorrow.</def> <mark>[Archaic. or Poet.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*lack"a*day`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>alack the day</ets>. Cf. Lackaday.]</ety> <def>An

exclamation expressing sorrow.</def>



<note><hand/ Shakespeare has \'bd<xex>alack</xex> the day\'b8 and

\'bd<xex>alack</xex> the heavy day.\'b8 Compare \'bdwoe worth the

day.\'b8</note>



<hw>A*lac"ri*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>, lively +

<ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To rouse to action; to

inspirit.</def>



<hw>A*lac"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alacer</ets>, <ets>alacris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brisk;

joyously active; lively.</def>



<q>'T were well if we were a little more

<qex>alacrious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With alacrity;

briskly.</def>



<hw>A*lac"ri*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Alacrity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>A*lac"ri*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alacritas</ets>, fr. <ets>alacer</ets> lively, eager, prob.

akin to Gr. <?/ to drive, Goth. <ets>aljan</ets> zeal.]</ety>

<def>A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous

activity; briskness; sprightliness; <as>as, the soldiers advanced

with <ex>alacrity</ex> to meet the enemy</as>.</def>



<q>I have not that <qex>alacrity</qex> of spirit,

Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*lad"in*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Aladin</ets>, for Ala Eddin, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>.,

height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and

Bajazet II.]</ety> <def>One of a sect of freethinkers among the

Mohammedans.</def>



<mhw><hw>Al`a*lon"ga</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, or

<hw>Al`i*lon"ghi</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tunny. See

<er>Albicore</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`la*mi"re</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Compounded of <ets>a la mi re</ets>, names of notes in the

musical scale.]</ety> <def>The lowest note but one in Guido

Aretino's scale of music.</def>



<hw>Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being <xex>\'85 la mode</xex>; conformity to the mode

or fashion; fashionableness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>\'85 la mode</ets> after the fashion.]</ety> <def>According

to the fashion or prevailing mode.</def> \'bd<xex>Alamode</xex>

beef shops.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Al"a*mode`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin, black silk for

hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply

<xex>mode</xex>.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<hw>Al`a*mort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>\'85 la mort</ets> to the death. Cf. <er>Amort</er>.]</ety>

<def>To the death; mortally.</def>



<hw>A*lan"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alan</ets>, <ets>alant</ets>; cf. Sp.

<ets>alano</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wolfhound.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*land"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <def>On land; to the

land; ashore.</def> \'bdCast <xex>aland</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Al"a*nine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aldehyde</ets> + the ending <ets>-ine</ets>. The

<ets>-n-<ets> is a euphonic insertion.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A white crystalline base, <chform>C3H7NO2</chform>, derived

from aldehyde ammonia.</def><-- one of the amino acids found in

the protein of most living tissues -->



<hw>A*lan"tin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>alant</ets> elecampane, the <ets>Inula helenium</ets> of

Linn\'91us.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Inulin</er>.</def>



<hw>A"lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing: cf. F.

<ets>alaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or

having, wings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Axillary; in the fork or

axil.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<-- p. 36 -->



<hw>A*larm"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alarme</ets>, It. <ets>all' arme</ets> to arms ! fr. L.

<ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms. See <er>Arms</er>, and cf.

<er>Alarum</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A summons to arms, as on

the approach of an enemy.</def>



<q>Arming to answer in a night <qex>alarm</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any sound or information intended to give notice

of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a

warning of danger.</def>



<q>Sound an <qex>alarm</qex> in my holy mountain.</q>

<qau>Joel ii. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThese home <xex>alarms</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Thy palace fill with insults and <qex>alarms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by

apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden

apprehension of being attacked by surprise.</def>



<q><qex>Alarm</qex> and resentment spread throughout the

camp.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons

from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.</def>



<cs><col>Alarm bell</col>, <cd>a bell that gives notice on

danger.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Alarm clock</col> or

<col>watch</col></mcol>, <cd>a clock or watch which can be so set

as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from

sleep, or excite attention.</cd> -- <col>Alarm gauge</col>, <cd>a

contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the

pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too

low.</cd> -- <col>Alarm post</col>, <cd>a place to which troops

are to repair in case of an alarm.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension;

consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Alarm</er>, <er>Fright</er>, <er>Terror</er>,

<er>Consternation</er>. These words express different degrees of

fear at the approach of danger. <xex>Fright</xex> is fear

suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it

is unreflecting. <xex>Alarm</xex> is the hurried agitation of

feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme

exposure. <xex>Terror</xex> is agitating and excessive fear,

which usually benumbs the faculties. <xex>Consternation</xex> is

overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and

amazement. <xex>Alarm</xex> agitates the feelings;

<xex>terror</xex> disorders the understanding and affects the

will; <xex>fright</xex> seizes on and confuses the sense;

<xex>consternation</xex> takes possession of the soul, and

subdues its faculties. See <er>Apprehension</er>.</usage>



<hw>A*larm"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Alarmed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Alarming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alarm</ets>,

n. Cf. F. <ets>alarmer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To call to

arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching

danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the

alert.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep in excitement; to disturb.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill

with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden

fear.</def>



<q><qex>Alarmed</qex> by rumors of military preparation.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>A*larm"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Easily

alarmed or disturbed.</def>



<hw>A*larmed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Aroused to

vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated;

disturbed; <as>as, an <ex>alarmed</ex> neighborhood; an

<ex>alarmed</ex> modesty.</as></def>



<q>The white pavilions rose and fell

On the <qex>alarmed</qex> air.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>A*larm"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

alarmed manner.</def>



<hw>A*larm"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exciting, or calculated

to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; <as>as, an

<ex>alarming</ex> crisis or report</as>. -- A*larm"ing*ly,

<xex>adv</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*larm"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alarmiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One prone to sound or excite

alarms, especially, needless alarms.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>A*lar"um</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alarom</ets>, the same word as <ets>alarm</ets>, n.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Alarm</er>.</def> <mark>[Now Poetic]</mark>



<note><hand/ The variant form <xex>alarum</xex> is now commonly

restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm

(as in an alarm clock.)</note>



<hw>Al"a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alarius</ets>, fr. <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.</def>



<q>The <qex>alary</qex> system of insects.</q>

<qau>Wollaston.</qau>



<hw>A*las"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alas</ets>, <ets>allas</ets>, OF. <ets>alas</ets>, F.

<ets>h\'82las</ets>; <ets>a</ets> interj. (L. <ets>ah</ets>.) +

<ets>las</ets> wretched (that I am), L. <ets>lassus</ets> weary,

akin to E. <ets>late</ets>. See <er>Late</er>.]</ety> <def>An

exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil;

-- in old writers, sometimes followed by <xex>day</xex> or

<xex>white</xex>; <xex>alas the day</xex>, like <xex>alack a

day</xex>, or <xex>alas the white</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*late"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>late</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lately; of

late.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>There hath been <qex>alate</qex> such tales spread abroad.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A"late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A"la*ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>alatus</ets>,

from <ets>ala</ets> wing.]</ety> <def>Winged; having wings, or

side appendages like wings.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"a*tern</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Al`a*ter"nus</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing

+ <ets>terni</ets> three each.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

ornamental evergreen shrub <spn>(Rhamnus alaternus)</spn>

belonging to the buckthorns.</def>



<hw>A*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>alatus</ets> winged.]</ety> <def>The state of being

winged.</def>



<hw>A*launt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alan</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Alb</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>albe</ets>, LL. <ets>alba</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets>

white. Cf. <er>Album</er> and <er>Aube</er>.]</ety> <def>A

vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the

person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy

orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least

by clerics, in daily life.</def>



<hw>Al"ba*core</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albicore</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"ban</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white

crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the

action of alcohol or ether.</def>



<hw>Al*ba"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native of Albania.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Al*ba"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>albare</ets> to make white, fr.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A white metallic alloy; which

is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc.   British plate or

German silver. See <cref>German silver</cref>, under

<er>German</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"ba*tross</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt.

fr. Pg. <ets>alcatraz</ets> cormorant, albatross, or Sp.

<ets>alcatraz</ets> a pelican: cf. Pg. <ets>alcatruz</ets>, Sp.

<ets>arcaduz</ets>, a bucket, fr. Ar. <ets>al-q\'bedus</ets> the

bucket, fr. Gr. <grk>ka`dos</grk>, a water vessel. So an Arabic

term for <ets>pelican</ets> is <ets>water-carrier</ets>, as a

bird carrying water in its pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A web-footed bird, of the genus <spn>Diomedea</spn>, of

which there are several species. They are the largest of sea

birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at

great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the

southern hemisphere.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`be"</hw>, <hw>Al`bee"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Albeit</er>.]</ety> <def>Although;

albeit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Albe</qex> Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Al*be"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Whiteness. Specifically:

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> The ratio which the light reflected from an

unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that

surface.</def>



<hw>Al`be"it</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>al be</ets> although it be, where <ets>al</ets> is our

<ets>all</ets>. Cf. <er>Although</er>.]</ety> <def>Even though;

although; notwithstanding.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q><qex>Albeit</qex> so masked, Madam, I love the truth.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Al"bert*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum,

found in the county of A. <?/bert, New Brunswick.</def>



<hw>Al"ber*type</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

name of the inventor, <ets>Albert</ets>, of Munich.]</ety> <def>A

picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means

of a photographic negative.</def>



<hw>Al*bes"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

becoming white; whitishness.</def>



<hw>Al*bes"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albescere</ets> to grow

white, fr. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <def>Becoming white or

whitish; moderately white.</def>



<hw>Al"bi*cant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>albicare</ets>,

<ets>albicatum</ets>, to be white, fr. <ets>albus</ets>

white.]</ety> <def>Growing or becoming white.</def>



<hw>Al`bi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or

streaks.</def>



<hw>Al"bi*core</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>albicore</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>albacora</ets>, Pg.

<ets>albacor</ets>, <ets>albacora</ets>, <ets>albecora</ets>),

fr. Ar. <ets>bakr</ets>, <ets>bekr</ets>, a young camel, young

cow, heifer, and the article <ets>al</ets>: cf. Pg.

<ets>bacoro</ets> a little pig.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel

family, esp. <spn>Orcynus alalonga</spn>. One species

<spn>(Orcynus thynnus)</spn>, common in the Mediterranean and

Atlantic, is called in New England the <altname>horse

mackerel</altname>; the tunny.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>albacore</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Al`bi*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>albification</ets>: L. <ets>albus</ets> white +

<ets>ficare</ets> (only in comp.), <ets>facere</ets>, to

make.]</ety> <def>The act or process of making white.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`bi*gen"ses</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8

<hw>Al`bi`geois"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[From <ets>Albi</ets> and <ets>Albigeois</ets>, a town and

its district in the south of France, in which the sect

abounded.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A sect of

reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th

centuries.</def>



<note>The Albigenses were a branch of the <xex>Catharists</xex>

(the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the

Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.</note>



<hw>Al`bi*gen"sian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Albigenses.</def>



<hw>Al*bi"ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

albino.</def>



<au>Holmes.</au>



<hw>Al"bi*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.</def>



<hw>Al`bi*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

with albinism.</def>



<hw>Al*bi"no</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Albinos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp. or Pg.

<ets>albino</ets>, orig. whitish, fr. <ets>albo</ets> white, L.

<ets>albus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A person, whether negro, Indian, or

white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which

gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a

morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of

the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue

iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice,

elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the

absence of chlorophyll.</def>



<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>



<note><hand/ The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to

negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with

white spots.</note>



<hw>Al*bi"no*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or condition of being an albino; albinism.</def>



<hw>Al`bi*not"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

with albinism.</def>



<hw>Al"bi*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

the same root as Gael. <ets>alp</ets> a height or hill. \'bdIt

may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs

visible from the coast of Gaul. <ets>Albany</ets>, the old name

of Scotland, means probably the \'bdhilly land.\'b8 <ets>I</ets>.

<ets>Taylor</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of England, still

retained in poetry.</def>



<q>In that nook-shotten isle of <qex>Albion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Al"bite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral

of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in

composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common

constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See

<er>Feldspar</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"bo*lith</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albus</ets> white + <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of

magnesia and silica; -- called also

<altname>albolite</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"bo*rak</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>bur\'beq</ets>, fr. <ets>baraqa</ets> to

flash, shine.]</ety> <def>The imaginary milk-white animal on

which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a

white mule.</def>



<hw>Al`bu*gin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Albugo</er>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, the

white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to

textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*bu"go</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Albugines</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., whiteness, fr.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Leucoma</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"bum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., neut. of

<ets>albus</ets> white: cf. F. <ets>album</ets>. Cf.

<er>Alb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A

white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A register for visitors' names; a visitors'

book.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A blank book, in which to insert autographs

sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"men</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The white of an

egg.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Nourishing matter stored up

within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not

incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat,

and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in

the cocoanut, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Albumin</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"men*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Albumenized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Albumenizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover or saturate

with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution;

<as>as, to <ex>albuminize</ex> paper</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"bum Gr\'91"cum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., Greek

white.]</ety> <def>Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by

exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly

used in medicine.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"min</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief

and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum

of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and

solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated

by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.</def>



<cs><col>Acid albumin</col>, <cd>a modification of albumin

produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by

heat.</cd> -- <col>Alkali albumin</col>, <cd>albumin as modified

by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also

<altname>albuminate</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*bu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by the action of an

alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties;

also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another

substance.</def>



<hw>Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Supplying

albumen.</def>



<hw>Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albumen</ets>, <ets>albuminis + -meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>albuminim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"mi*nin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The substance of the cells which inclose

the white of birds' eggs.</def>



<hw>Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albumen + parere</ets> to bear, bring forth.]</ety>

<def>Producing albumin.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"mi*noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>albumen</ets> + </ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Resembling albumin.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One

of a class of organic principles (called also

<altname>proteids</altname>) which form the main part of

organized tissues.</def></def2><-- = protein. -->



<au>Brunton.</au>



<hw>Al*bu`mi*noid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an albuminoid.</def>



<hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A diffusible substance formed from

albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See

<er>Peptone</er>.</def>



<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now

expressed as "proteinaceous" -->

<mhw>{ <hw>Al*bu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al*bu"mi*nose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>albumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling,

albumen or albumin.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Al*bu"mi*nous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>albumen</ets> + Gr. <?/ urine.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A morbid condition in which albumin is

present in the urine.</def>



<hw>Al"bu*mose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound or

class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an

acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as

anti<xex>albumose</xex>, hemi<xex>albumose</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al"burn</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alburnus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white. Cf.

<ets>Auburn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bleak, a

small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color

which are used in making artificial pearls.</def>



<hw>Al*bur"nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; <as>as,

<ex>alburnous</ex> substances</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*bur"num</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The white

and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood

or duramen; sapwood.</def>



<hw>Al"byn</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Albion</er>.]</ety> <def>Scotland; esp. the Highlands of

Scotland.</def>



<au>T. Cambell.</au>



<hw>Al*cade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alcaid</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"ca*hest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alkahest</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*ca"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Alca\'8bcus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 <sc>b. c.</sc> --

<pos>n.</pos> A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One

variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a

long syllable, and two dactyls.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Al*caid"</hw>, <hw>Al*cayde"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>alcaide</ets>,

fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'be\'c6d</ets> governor, fr.

<ets>q\'beda</ets> to lead, govern.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards,

Portuguese, and Moors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The warden, or keeper of a jail.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*cal"de</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>alcalde</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>q\'bed\'c6</ets>

judge, fr. <ets>qada</ets> to decide, judge. Hence, the

<ets>cadi</ets> of the Turks. Cf. <er>Cadi</er>.]</ety> <def>A

magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<note><hand/ Sometimes confounded with <er>Alcaid</er>.</note>



<hw>Al`ca*lim"e*ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alkalimeter</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*can"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>al-hinn\'be</ets>. See <er>Henna</er>, and cf.

<er>Alkanet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oriental shrub

<spn>(Lawsonia inermis)</spn> from which henna is obtained.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`car*ra"za</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alcarrazas</plw>. <pr>(#)</pr> </plu> <ety>[Sp., from Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>kurr\'bez</ets> earthen vessel.]</ety> <def>A

vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by

evaporation from the exterior surface.</def>



<-- p. 37 -->



<hw>\'d8Al*cayde"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alcaid</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*ca"zar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ fr. Ar.

<ets>al</ets> the + <ets>qacr</ets> (in pl.) a castle.]</ety>

<def>A fortress; also, a royal palace.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al*ce"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

equiv. to Gr. <?/. See <er>Halcyon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of perching birds, including

the European kingfisher <spn>(Alcedo ispida)</spn>. See

<er>Halcyon</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*chem"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al*chem"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alchimique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to

alchemy.</def>



<hw>Al*chem"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

alchemy.</def>



<hw>Al"che*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>alquemiste</ets>, F. <ets>alchimiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One

who practices alchemy.</def>



<q>You are <qex>alchemist</qex>; make gold.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`che*mis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`che*mis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to or practicing alchemy.</def>



<q>Metaphysical and <qex>alchemistical</qex> legislators.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Al"che*mis*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Alchemy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al"che*mize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

change by alchemy; to transmute.</def>



<au>Lovelace.</au>



<hw>Al"che*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alkemie</ets>, <ets>arquemie</ets>, F. <ets>alchimie</ets>,

Ar. <ets>al-k\'c6m\'c6a</ets>, fr. late Gr. <?/, for <?/, a

mingling, infusion, <?/ juice, liquid, especially as extracted

from plants, fr. <?/ to pour; for chemistry was originally the

art of extracting the juices from plants for medicinal purposes.

Cf. Sp. <ets>alquimia</ets>, It.  <ets>alchimia</ets>. Gr. <?/ is

prob. akin to L. <ets>fundere</ets> to pour, Goth.

<ets>guitan</ets>, AS. <ets>ge\'a2tan</ets>, to pour, and so to

E. <ets>fuse</ets>. See <er>Fuse</er>, and cf.

<er>Chemistry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imaginary art

which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the

panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to

modern chemistry.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly

used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Put to their mouths the sounding <qex>alchemy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Miraculous power of transmuting something common

into something precious.</def>



<q>Kissing with golden face the meadows green,

Gilding pale streams with heavenly <qex>alchemy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw><hw>Al*chym"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Al"chy*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Al`chy*mis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>Al"chy*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></mhw> <def>See

<er>Alchemic</er>, <er>Alchemist</er>, <er>Alchemistic</er>,

<er>Alchemy</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"co</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small South

American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"co*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"co*hate</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shortened forms of

<er>Alcoholate</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"co*hol</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcool</ets>, formerly written <ets>alcohol</ets>, Sp.

<ets>alcohol</ets> alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp.

<ets>alcofol</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>kohl</ets> a

powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The

name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this

powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in

Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf.

<er>Alquifou</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An impalpable

powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by

distillation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified

spirit (called also <altname>ethyl alcohol</altname>); the

spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled

liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable

quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various

vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have

undergone vinous fermentation.</def>



<note><hand/ As used in the U. S. \'bdPharmacop<oe/ia,

<xex>alcohol</xex> contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl

alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and <xex>diluted alcohol</xex>

(proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol

and 54.5 per cent of water.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Organic Chem.)</fld> <def>A class of compounds

analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking,

they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; <as>as, the

radical ethyl forms common or <stype>ethyl alcohol</stype>

(<chform>C2H5OH</chform>); methyl forms <stype>methyl

alcohol</stype> (<chform>CH3.OH</chform>) or <stype>wood

spirit</stype>; amyl forms <stype>amyl alcohol</stype>

(<chform>C5H11.OH</chform>) or <stype>fusel oil</stype>,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Al"co*hol*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcolaie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the

latter plays a part analogous to that of water of

crystallization.</def>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Al`co*hol"a*ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>alcoolature</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An

alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.</def>



<au>New Eng. Dict.</au>



<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcolique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to alcohol, or

partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol;

containing alcohol; <as>as, <ex>alcoholic</ex> mixtures;

<ex>alcoholic</ex> gastritis; <ex>alcoholic</ex> odor.</as></def>



<hw>Al`co*hol"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person

given to the use of alcoholic liquors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Alcoholic liquors.</def>



<hw>Al"co*hol*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcoolisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A diseased

condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of

alcoholic liquors.</def>



<hw>Al`co*hol`i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alcoolisation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable

powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act rectifying spirit.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal

system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.</def>



<hw>Al"co*hol*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alcoholized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Alcoholizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcooliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce to a

fine powder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to

saturate with alcohol.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`co*hol*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`co*hol"me*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Alcohol</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An instrument for determining the

strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the

percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is

usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.</def>



<mhw><hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`co*hol*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.</def>



<q>The <qex>alcoholometrical</qex> strength of spirituous

liquors.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<hw>Al`co*hol"om"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol

which spirituous liquors contain.</def>



<mhw><hw>Al`co*hom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Al`co*ho*met"ric</hw></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alcoholometer</er>, <er>Alcoholometric</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`co*\'94m"e*try</hw> <pr><pr>(#)</pr></pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Alcoholometry</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The chemists say <pos>alcom\'8atre,</pos>

<xex>alcoom\'8atrie</xex>, doubtless by the suppression of a

syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds.

(Cf. <er>Idolatry</er>.)</note>



<au>Littr\'82.</au>



<hw>Al"co*ran</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[ets>alcoran</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>qor\'ben</ets>, orig. the reading, the book,

fr. <ets>qaraa</ets> to read. Cf. <er>Koran</er>.]</ety> <def>The

Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <er>Alcoran</er>.]</altsp>



<hw>Al`co*ran"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Koran.</def>



<hw>Al`co*ran"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres to the

letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.</def>



<hw>Al"cove</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alc\'93ve</ets>, Sp. or Pg. <ets>alcoba</ets>, from Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>quobbah</ets> arch, vault, tent.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A recessed portion of a room,

or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess

to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small ornamental building with seats, or an

arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or

recess in an apartment.</def>



<q>The youthful wanderers found a wild <qex>alcove</qex>.</q>

<qau>Falconer.</qau>



<hw>Al"cy*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Halcyon</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ce*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of

soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which <xex>Alcyonium</xex> is the

type. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Alcyonaria</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of

Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and

Gorgonacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*cy"o*nes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., pl. of <er>Alcyon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The kingfishers.</def>



<hw>Al`cy*on"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Alcyonaria.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`cy*o"ni*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a zo\'94phyte, so called from being like the halcyon's

nest.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fleshy

Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight

fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species

of sponges.</def>



<hw>Al"cy*o*noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or

pertaining to the Alcyonaria.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>

A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.</def></def2>



<hw>Al"day</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Continually.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al*deb"a*ran</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>al-debar\'ben</ets>, fr. <ets>dabar</ets> to follow; so

called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A red star of the first magnitude,

situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright

star in the group called the <xex>Hyades</xex>.</def>



<q>Now when <qex>Aldebaran</qex> was mounted high

Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Al"de*hyde</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. fr.

<ets>al</ets>cohol <ets>dehyd</ets>rogenatum, alcohol deprived of

its hydrogen.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless, mobile,

and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of

oxidation.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>aldehydes</xex> are intermediate between

the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having

two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common

<xex>aldehyde</xex> (called also <altname>acetic

aldehyde</altname> or <altname>ethyl aldehyde</altname>),

<chform>C2H4O</chform>; methyl <xex>aldehyde</xex>,

<chform>CH2O</chform>.</note>



<cs><col>Aldehyde ammonia</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a

compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al`de*hy"dic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to aldehyde; <as>as,

<ex>aldehydic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<au>Miller.</au>



<hw>Al"der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aldir</ets>, <ets>aller</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>alr</ets>,

<ets>aler</ets>, <ets>alor</ets>, akin to D. <ets>els</ets>, G.

<ets>erle</ets>, Icel. <ets>erlir</ets>, <ets>erli</ets>, Swed.

<ets>al</ets>, Dan. <ets>elle</ets>, <ets>el</ets>, L.

<ets>alnus</ets>, and E. <ets>elm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the

genus <spn>Alnus</spn>. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the

bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are

usually shrubs or small trees.</def>



<cs><col>Black alder</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A European shrub

<spn>(Rhamnus frangula)</spn>; Alder buckthorn.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>An American species of holly <spn>(Ilex verticillata)</spn>,

bearing red berries.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"ler</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>ealra</ets>,

<ets>alra</ets>, gen. pl. of AS. <ets>eal</ets>. The <ets>d</ets>

is excrescent.]</ety> <def>Of all; -- used in composition;

<as>as, <ex>alder</ex>best, best of all, <ex>alder</ex>wisest,

wisest of all</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al`der-lief"est</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>allerliefest</ets> dearest of all. See <er>Lief</er>.]</ety>

<def>Most beloved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Al"der*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aldplwmen</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>aldormon</ets>, <ets>ealdorman</ets>; <ets>ealdor</ets> an

elder + <ets>man</ets>. See <er>Elder</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A senior or superior; a person of rank or

dignity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to

princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also

to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or

authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called

<xex>Alderman</xex> of all England; and there were

<xex>aldermen</xex> of cities, counties, and castles, who had

jurisdiction within their respective districts.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a board or body of municipal officers

next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function.

They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial

and administrative functions.</def>



<hw>Al"der*man*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office of an alderman.</def>



<hw>Al"der*man"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an

alderman.</def>



<hw>Al`der*man"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being an alderman.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<hw>Al`der*man*like`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like

or suited to an alderman.</def>



<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

like, an alderman.</def>



<hw>Al"der*man*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

like, an alderman.</def> \'bdAn <xex>aldermanly</xex>

discretion.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Al"der*man*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The district or ward of an alderman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The office or rank of an alderman.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Al"der*man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition,

position, or office of an alderman.</def>



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<hw>Al"dern</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

alder.</def>



<hw>Al"der*ney</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.

Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called

<xex>Jersey cattle</xex>. See <er>Jersey</er>, <er>3</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"dine</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bibliog.)</fld> <def>An epithet applied to editions

(chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of

<xex>Aldus</xex> Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the

most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor

and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain

elegant editions of English works.</def>



<hw>Ale</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ealu</ets>, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. <ets>\'94l</ets>,

Lith. <ets>alus</ets> a kind of beer, OSlav. <ets>ol<?/</ets>

beer. Cf. Ir. <ets>ol</ets> drink, drinking.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by

fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>ale</xex>, in England and the United

States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor,

and the word <xex>beer</xex> a lighter kind. The word

<xex>beer</xex> is also in common use as the generic name for all

malt liquors.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festival in English country places, so called

from the liquor drunk.</def>   \'bdAt wakes and

<xex>ales</xex>.\'b8 <au>B. Jonson</au>.\'bdOn ember eves and

holy <xex>ales</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<hw>A*leak"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>leak</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a leaking

condition.</def>



<hw>A"le*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aleatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>alea</ets> chance, die.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on some uncertain contingency;

<as>as, an <ex>aleatory</ex> contract</as>.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ale"bench`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bench in

or before an alehouse.</def>



<au>Bunyan.</au>



<hw>Ale"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alebery</ets>, <ets>alebrey</ets>; <ets>ale + bre</ets>

broth, fr. AS. <ets>br\'c6w</ets> pottage.]</ety> <def>A

beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and

sops of bread.</def>



<q>Their <qex>aleberries</qex>, caudles, possets.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>A*lec"i*thal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ yelk.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Applied to those

ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food

yelk embedded in their protoplasm.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Ale"con`ner</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>/Ale</ets> + <ets>con</ets>, OE. <ets>cunnen</ets> to

test, AS. <ets>cunnian</ets> to test. See <er>Con</er>.]</ety>

<def>Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale

and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of

London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the

office is a sinecure. [Also called <xex>aletaster</xex>.]</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ale"cost`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + L. <ets>costus</ets> an aromatic plant:

cf. <er>Costmary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The plant

costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`ec*tor"i*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A group of birds including the common fowl and the

pheasants.</def>



<hw>A*lec`to*rom"a*chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>



<hw>A*lec"to*ro*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alectryomancy</er>.</def>



<hw>A*lec`try*om'a*chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ cock + <?/ fight.]</ety> <def>Cockfighting.</def>



<hw>A*lec"try*o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ cock + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet,

the letters being put together in the order in which the grains

were eaten.</def>



<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>



<hw>A*lee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>lee</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>On

or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite

of <xex>aweather</xex>. The helm of a ship is <xex>alee</xex>

when pressed close to the lee side.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hard alee</col>, or <col>Luff alee</col></mcol>,

<cd>an order to put the helm to the lee side.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"e*gar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ale</ets> + <ets>eager</ets> sour, F.

<ets>aigre</ets>. Cf. <er>Vinegar</er>.]</ety> <def>Sour ale;

vinegar made of ale.</def>



<au>Cecil.</au>



<hw>Al"e*ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>all\'8agre</ets>, earlier <ets>al\'8agre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>alacer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gay; cheerful; sprightly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*legge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aleggen</ets>, <ets>alegen</ets>, OF. <ets>alegier</ets>, F.

<ets>all\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alleviare</ets>, for L.

<ets>allevare</ets> to lighten; <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. Cf.

<er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Allay</er>, <er>Allege</er>.]</ety>

<def>To allay or alleviate; to lighten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That shall <qex>alegge</qex> this bitter blast.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ale"hoof`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>h<?/fe</ets> ground ivy; the first part is perh. a

corruption: cf. OE. <ets>heyhowe</ets> hedgehove, <-- p. 38 -->

ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. <ets>heyhowe</ets>,

<ets>heyoue</ets>, <ets>haihoue</ets>, <ets>halehoue</ets>.\'b8

<au>[Prior]</au>. <def> Ground ivy <spn>(Nepeta

Glechoma)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ale"house`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Ale"-knight`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pot

companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging

to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.</def>



<hw>Al`e*man"nic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of the

Alemanni.</def>



<q>The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the

<qex>Alemannic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Amer. Cyc.</qau>



<hw>A*lem"bic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alambic</ets> (cf. Sp. <ets>alambique</ets>), Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>anb\'c6q</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ cup, cap of a

still. The cap or head was the <ets>alembic</ets> proper. Cf.

<er>Limbec</er>.]</ety> <def>An apparatus formerly used in

distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given

place to the <xex>retort</xex> and <xex>worm still</xex>.</def>



<q>Used also metaphorically.

The <qex>alembic</qex> of a great poet's imagination.</q>

<qau>Brimley.</qau>



<hw>A*lem"broth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

uncertain.]</ety> <def>The <xex>salt of wisdom</xex> of the

alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium

and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>A`len`con" lace"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> See under

<er>Lace</er>.</def>



<hw>A*length"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>length</ets>.]</ety> <def>At full length;

lenghtwise.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*lep"i*dote</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/,

<?/, a scale.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not having

scales.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A fish without

scales.</def></def2>



<hw>Ale"pole`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pole set up

as the sign of an alehouse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*lert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alerte</ets>, earlier <ets>\'85 l'erte</ets> on the watch,

fr. It. <ets>all' erta</ets> on the watch, prop. (standing) on a

height, where one can look around; <ets>erta</ets> a declivity,

steep, <ets>erto</ets> steep, p. p. of <ets>ergere</ets>,

<ets>erigere</ets>, to erect, raise, L. <ets>erigere</ets>. See

<er>Erect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Watchful; vigilant;

active in vigilance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.</def>



<q>An <qex>alert</qex> young fellow.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.</syn>



<hw>A*lert"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An alarm

from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle

sound to give warning.</def> \'bdWe have had an

<xex>alert</xex>.\'b8



<au>Farrow.</au>



<cs><col>On the alert</col>, <cd>on the lookout or watch against

attack or danger; ready to act.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*lert"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an alert manner;

nimbly.</def>



<hw>A*lert"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.</def>



<hw>Ale" sil`ver</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def> A duty payable to the

lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.</def>



<hw>Ale"stake</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stake or

pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign;

an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch

of leaves, or a \'bdbush.\'b8</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ale"tast`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aleconner</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>A*le`thi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ truth + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science which

treats of the nature of truth and evidence.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>A*leth"o*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

true + <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An instrument for viewing

pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their

natural proportions and relations.</def>



<hw>A*leu"ro*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wheaten flour + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aleuromancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

flour.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Al`eu*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ flour + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in

flour.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>A*leu"rone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flour.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An albuminoid substance

which occurs in minute grains (\'bdprotein granules\'b8) in

maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of

protoplasm.</def>



<hw>Al`eu*ron"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nature of aleurone.</def>



<au>D. C. Eaton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*leu"tian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*leu"tic</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Said to be from the

Russ. <ets>aleut</ets> a bold rock.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also,

designating these islands.</def>



<hw>Al"e*vin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alevin</ets>, OF. <ets>alever</ets> to rear, fr. L. <ets>ad

+ levare</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>Young fish; fry.</def>



<hw>A*lew"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Halloo.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ale"wife`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alewives</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A woman who keeps an

alehouse.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Ale"wife`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alewives</plw>.</plu> <ety>[This word is properly

<ets>aloof</ets>, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the

culture of maize in America, \'bdPhil Trans.\'b8 No. 142, p.

1065, and Baddam's \'bdMemoirs,\'b8 vol. ii. p. 131.]<ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American fish <spn>(Clupea

vernalis)</spn> of the Herring family. It is called also

<altname>ellwife</altname>, <altname>ellwhop</altname>,

<altname>branch herring</altname>. The name is locally applied to

other related species.</def>



<mhw><hw>Al`ex*an"ders</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`i*san"ders</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>alisaundre</ets>, OF. <ets>alissandere</ets>, fr.

<ets>Alexander</ets> or <ets>Alexandria</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot)</fld> <def>A name given to two species of the genus

<spn>Smyrnium</spn>, formerly cultivated and used as celery now

is; -- called also <altname>horse parsely</altname>.</def>



<hw>Al`ex*an"dri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; <as>as, the

<ex>Alexandrian</ex> library</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See

<er>Alexandrine</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Al`ex*an"drine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alexandrin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of verse consisting in

English of twelve syllables.</def>



<q>The needless <qex>Alexandrine</qex> ends the song,

That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*lex`i*phar"mac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a. &

n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Alexipharmic</er>.]</ety>

<def>Alexipharmic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ keeping off poison; <?/ to keep off + <?/ drug,

poison: cf. F. <ets>alexipharmaque</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Expelling or counteracting poison;

antidotal.</def>



<hw>A*lex`i*phar"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An antidote against poison or infection; a

counterpoison.</def>



<hw>A*lex`i*py*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ burning heat, fever, <?/ fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A febrifuge.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ fit to keep off or help, fr. <?/ one who keeps off,

helper; <?/ to keep off: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Resisting poison; obviating the effects of

venom; alexipharmic.</def>



<hw>A*lex`i*ter"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a remedy, an

amulet: cf. F. <ets>alexit\'8are</ets>, LL.

<ets>alexiterium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the

effects of poison in general.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Al"fa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <hw>Al"fa grass"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant (<spn>Macrochloa

tenacissima</spn>) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in

paper making.</def>



<hw>Al*fal"fa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The lucern <spn>(Medicago sativa)</spn>;

-- so called in California, Texas, etc.</def>



<hw>Al"fe*nide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>An alloy of nickel and silver

electroplated with silver.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*fe"res</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., fr.

Ar. <ets>al-f\'bers</ets> knight.]</ety> <def>An ensign; a

standard bearer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>Al"fet</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>alfetum</ets>, fr.

AS. <ets>\'belf\'91t</ets> a pot to boil in; <ets>\'bel</ets>

burning + <ets>f\'91t</ets> vat.]</ety> <def>A caldron of boiling

water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test

of innocence or guilt.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*fil`a*ri"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pin grass (<spn>Erodium

cicutarium</spn>), a weed in California.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`fi*o"ne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edible marine fish of California

(<spn>Rhacochilus toxotes</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*fres"co</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>al fresco</ets> in or on the fresh.]</ety> <def>In

the open-air.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al"ga</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alg\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., seaweed.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of seaweed; <plu>pl</plu>. the

class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black,

red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine

and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.</def>



<hw>Al"gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>, <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`ga*ro"ba</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>algarroba</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-kharr<?/bah</ets>. Cf.

<er>Carob</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its

edible beans or pods, called <xex>St. John's bread</xex>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Honey mesquite <spn>(Prosopis

juliflora)</spn>, a small tree found from California to Buenos

Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling

gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"ga*rot</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"ga*roth</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>algaroth</ets>,

fr. the name of the inventor, <ets>Algarotti</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a

white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of

antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic,

purgative, and diaphoretic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`ga*ro*vil"la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American

tree <spn>(Inga Marth\'91)</spn>. It is valuable for tanning

leather, and as a dye.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"gates</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[<ets>All</ets> +

<ets>gate</ets> way. The s is an adverbial ending. See

<er>Gate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Always; wholly;

everywhere.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ulna now he <qex>algates</qex> must forego.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<note><hand/ Still used in the north of England in the sense of

\'bdeverywhere.\'b8</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By any or means; at all events.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Notwithstanding; yet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al"ga*zel`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ghaz\'bel</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The true gazelle.</def>



<hw>Al"ge*bra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>algebra</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al-jebr</ets> reduction of parts

to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. <ets>jabara</ets>

to bind together, consolidate; <ets>al</ets>-<ets>jebr

w'almuq\'bebalah</ets> reduction and comparison (by equations):

cf. F. <ets>alg\'8abre</ets>, It. & Sp.

<ets>algebra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and

properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It

is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of

magnitude.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A treatise on this science.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`ge*bra"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of

algebra, or deduced from such operation; <as>as,

<ex>algebraic</ex> characters; <ex>algebraical</ex>

writings.</as></def>



<cs><col>Algebraic curve</col>, <cd>a curve such that the

equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates

of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra;

-- opposed to a <xex>transcendental curve<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By algebraic

process.</def>



<hw>Al"ge*bra`ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in algebra.</def>



<hw>Al"ge*bra*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.</def>



<hw>Al*ge"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Algeria.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

Algeria.</def>



<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.</def>



<hw>Al`ge*rine"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or one of the

people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.</def>



<hw>Al"gid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>algidus</ets> cold, fr. <ets>algere</ets> to be cold: cf. F.

<ets>algide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cold; chilly.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<cs><col>Algid cholera</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>Asiatic

cholera.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*gid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Chilliness;

coldness</def>; especially <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <def>coldness and

collapse.</def>



<hw>Al"gid*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Algidity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*gif"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>algificus</ets>, fr. <ets>algus</ets> cold +

<ets>facere</ets> to make.]</ety> <def>Producing cold.</def>



<hw>Al"goid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>alga +

-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of, or resembling, an

alga.</def>



<hw>Al"gol</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>gh<?/l</ets> destruction, calamity, fr.

<ets>gh\'bela</ets> to take suddenly, destroy.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the

constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in

brightness.</def>



<hw>Al`go*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to algology; <as>as, <ex>algological</ex>

specimens</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*gol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.</def>



<hw>Al*gol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alga</ets> seaweed + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The study or science of alg\'91 or

seaweeds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*gon"quin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al*gon"kin</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a widely spread

family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly

occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America.

The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north

of the River St. Lawrence.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"gor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Cold; chilliness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"go*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"go*rithm</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>algorism</ets>, <ets>algrim</ets>, <ets>augrim</ets>, OF.

<ets>algorisme</ets>, F. <ets>algorithme</ets> (cf. Sp.

<ets>algoritmo</ets>, OSp. <ets>alguarismo</ets>, LL.

<ets>algorismus</ets>), fr. the Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>Khow\'berezm\'c6</ets> of Khow\'berezm, the

modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author

of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was

translated into Latin, such books bearing the name

<ets>algorismus</ets>. The spelling with <ets>th</ets> is due to

a supposed connection with Gr. <?/ number.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of calculating with any species of

notation; <as>as, the <ex>algorithms</ex> of fractions,

proportions, surds, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Al"gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>algosus</ets>, fr. <ets>alga</ets> seaweed.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or

like, seaweed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`gua*zil"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp. <ets>alguacil</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>alwaz\'c6r</ets> the

vizier. Cf. <er>Vizier</er>.]</ety> <def>An inferior officer of

justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>Al"gum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Almug</er> (and etymologically preferable).</def>



<au>2 Chron. ii. 8.</au>



<hw>Al*ham"bra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ultimately

fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>hamr\'be</ets> red;

<ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., the red (<ets>sc</ets>.

house).]</ety> <def>The palace of the Moorish kings at

Granada.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`ham*bra"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`ham*bresque"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the

ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine

exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*hen"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Henna</er>.</def>



<hw>A"li*as</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>alius</ets>. See <er>Else</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in

legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who

has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause

doubtful; <as>as, Smith, <ex>alias</ex> Simpson</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>At another time.</def>



<hw>A"li*as</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Aliases</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., otherwise, at another time.]<ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A second or further writ which

is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Another name; an assumed name.</def>



<hw>Al"i*bi</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., elsewhere,

at another place. See <er>Alias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial

for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another

place when the alleged act was committed; <as>as, to set up an

<ex>alibi</ex>; to prove an <ex>alibi</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Al`i*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality

of being alible.</def>



<hw>Al"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety>

<def>Nutritive; nourishing.</def>



<hw>Al"i*cant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near

Alicant, in Spain.</def>



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>Al"i*dade</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alidada</ets>, <ets>alhidada</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>al-'id\'beda</ets> a sort of rule: cf. F.

<ets>alidade</ets>.]</ety> <def>The portion of a graduated

instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or

telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the

instrument</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>Al"ien</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alien</ets>, L. <ets>alienus</ets>, fr. <ets>alius</ets>

another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See

<er>Else</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not belonging to the same

country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects

thereof; foreign; <as>as, <ex>alien</ex> subjects, enemies,

property, shores</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse;

inconsistent (<xex>with</xex>); incongruous; -- followed by

<xex>from</xex> or sometimes by <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, principles

<ex>alien</ex> from our religion</as>.</def>



<q>An <qex>alien</qex> sound of melancholy.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Alien enemy</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who owes

allegiance to a government at war with ours.</cd>

<au>Abbott.</au></cs>



<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A foreigner; one

owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a

foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses

the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See

<er>Alienage</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One excluded from certain privileges; one

alienated or estranged; <as>as, <ex>aliens</ex> from God's

mercies</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Aliens</qex> from the common wealth of Israel.</q>

<qau>Ephes. ii. 12.</qau>



<hw>Al"ien</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>ali\'82ner</ets>,

L. <ets>alienare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To alienate; to estrange; to

transfer, as property or ownership.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bdIt the son <xex>alien</xex> lands.\'b8



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<q>The prince was totally <qex>aliened</qex> from all thoughts of

. . . the marriage.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<hw>Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of being alienated.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>alienability</xex> of the domain.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Al"ien*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ali\'82nable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being alienated,

sold, or transferred to another; <as>as, land is

<ex>alienable</ex> according to the laws of the state</as>.</def>



<hw>Al"ien*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>ali\'82nage</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

legal condition of being an alien.</def>



<note><hand/ The disabilities of <xex>alienage</xex> are

removable by naturalization or by special license from the State

of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of

intention of naturalization.</note>



<au>Kent. Wharton.</au>



<q>Estates forfeitable on account of <qex>alienage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Story.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being alienated or transferred to

another.</def>



<au>Brougham.</au>



<-- p. 39 -->



<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alienatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alienare</ets>, fr.

<ets>alienus</ets>. See <er>Alien</er>, and cf.

<er>Aliene</er>.]</ety> <def>Estranged; withdrawn in affection;

foreign; -- with <xex>from</xex>.</def>



<q>O <qex>alienate</qex> from God.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alienated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Alienating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convey or

transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part

voluntarily with ownership of.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw, as the affections; to make

indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted;

to estrange; to wean; -- with <xex>from</xex>.</def>



<q>The errors which . . . <qex>alienated</qex> a loyal gentry and

priesthood from the House of Stuart.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the

more <qex>alienates</qex> him from the realities of the

present.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Al"ien*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stranger;

an alien.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al`ien*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ali\'82nation</ets>, L. <ets>alienatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>alienare</ets>, fr. <ets>alienare</ets>. See

<er>Alienate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of alienating,

or the state of being alienated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A transfer of title, or a legal

conveyance of property to another.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the

affections.</def>



<q>The <qex>alienation</qex> of his heart from the king.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mental alienation; derangement of the mental

faculties; insanity; <as>as, <ex>alienation</ex> of

mind</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration;

mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See

<er>Insanity</er>.</syn>



<hw>Al"ien*a"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

alienates.</def>



<hw>Al*iene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To alien or

alienate; to transfer, as title or property; <as>as, <ex>to

aliene</ex> an estate</as>.</def>



<hw>Al"ien*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed

to <xex>alienor</xex>.</def>



<q>It the <qex>alienee</qex> enters and keeps possession.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Al"ien*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.</def>



<q>The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability

of <qex>alienism</qex>.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The study or treatment of diseases of the

mind.</def>



<hw>Al"ien*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ali\'82niste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who treats diseases of

the mind.</def>



<au>Ed. Rev.</au>



<hw>Al`ien*or"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ali\'82neur</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who alienates or

transfers property to another.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`i*eth"moid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`i*eth*moid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>ethomoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid

bone or <?/artilage.</def>



<hw>A*life"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>lief</ets> dear.]</ety> <def>On my life; dearly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI love that sport <xex>alife</xex>.\'b8



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>A*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

wings, winged; aligerous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wing-shaped;

winglike.</def>



<hw>A*lig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aliger</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>gerere</ets> to

carry.]</ety> <def>Having wings; winged.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*light"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alighted</er>

<pr>(#)</pr> sometimes <er>Alit</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Alighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alihten</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>\'bel\'c6htan</ets>; pref.

<ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth. <ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>,

orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>) + <ets>l\'c6htan</ets>, to alight,

orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr.

<ets>l\'c6ht</ets>, <ets>leoht</ets>, light. See <er>Light</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spring down, get

down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to

dismount.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop;

<as>as, a flying bird <ex>alights</ex> on a tree; snow

<ex>alights</ex> on a roof.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come or chance (<xex>upon</xex>).</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*light"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>light</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lighted; lighted up; in a

flame.</def> \'bdThe lamps were <xex>alight</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>A*lign"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aligner</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>ligne</ets> (L. <ets>linea</ets>) line. See <er>Line</er>,

and cf. <er>Allineate</er>.]</ety> <def>To adjust or form to a

line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to

aline.</def>



<hw>A*lign"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form in line; to fall

into line.</def>



<hw>A*lign"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alignement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of

being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line

of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation

of troops or of a squadron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>The ground-plan of a railway

or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.</def>



<hw>A*like"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>onl\'c6c</ets>, <ets>gel\'c6c</ets>; pref. <ets>\'be +

like</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having resemblance or similitude;

similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]</def>



<q>The darkness and the light are both <qex>alike</qex> to

thee.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxix. 12.</qau>



<hw>A*like"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>gel\'c6ce</ets>,

<ets>onl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the same manner, form, or

degree; in common; equally; <as>as, we are all <ex>alike</ex>

concerne<?/ in religion</as>.</def>



<hw>A*like"-mind`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Like-minded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al"i*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alimentum</ets>, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish; akin to

Goth. <ets>alan</ets> to grow, Icel. <ets>ala</ets> to nourish:

cf. F. <ets>aliment</ets>. See <er>Old</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds

or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries

of life generally: sustenance; means of support.</def>



<q><qex>Aliments</qex> of thei<?/ sloth and weakness.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An allowance for maintenance.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Al"i*ment</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To nourish;

to support.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To provide for the maintenance of.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Al`i*men"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Supplying

food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials

for natural growth; <as>as, <ex>alimental</ex> sap</as>.</def>



<hw>A`li*men"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to serve for

nourishment or food; nourishing quality.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al`i*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alimentarius</ets>, fr. <ets>alimentum</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>alimentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to aliment or

food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental;

<as>as, <ex>alimentary</ex> substances</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Alimentary canal</col>, <cd>the entire channel,

extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are

conveyed through the body, and the useless parts

ejected.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al`i*men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>alimentation</ets>, LL. <ets>alimentatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of affording nutriment; the

function of the alimentary canal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>State or mode of being nourished.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Al`i*men"tive*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

instinct or faculty of appetite for food.</def>   <mark>[Chiefly

in Phrenol.]</mark>



<hw>Al`i*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Affording food; nourishing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Alimonious</xex> humors.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Al"i*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alimonia</ets>, <ets>alimonium</ets>, nourishment,

sustenance, fr. <ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Maintenance; means of living.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An allowance made to a wife out

of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her

divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the

same.</def>



<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>



<hw>Al`i*na"sal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>nasal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to expansions of the nasal

bone or cartilage.</def>



<hw>A*line"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To range or

place in a line; to bring into line; to align.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>A*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Allineation</er>.</def>



<hw>A*line"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alignment</er>.</def>



<note>[The Eng. form <xex>alinement</xex> is preferable to

<xex>alignment</xex>, a bad spelling of the French].</note>



<au>New Eng. Dict. (Murray).</au>



<hw>A*lin"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Al"i*oth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>aly\'bet</ets> the tail of a fat sheep.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A star in the tail of the Great Bear,

the one next the bowl in the Dipper.</def>



<hw>Al"i*ped</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alipes</ets>; <ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>pes</ets>,

<ets>pedis</ets>, foot: cf. F. <ets>alip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Wing-footed, as the bat.</def>  --

<wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>An animal whose toes are connected

by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.</def>



<hw>Al"i*quant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aliquantus</ets> some, moderate; <ets>alius</ets> other +

<ets>quantus</ets> how great: cf. F. <ets>aliquante</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <xex>aliquant</xex> part of a number

or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a

remainder; thus, 5 is an <xex>aliquant</xex> part of 16. Opposed

to <xex>aliquot</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al"i*quot</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aliquot</ets> some, several; <ets>alius</ets> other +

<ets>quot</ets> how many: cf. F. <ets>aliquote</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>An <xex>aliquot</xex> part of a number or

quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5

is an <xex>aliquot</xex> part of 15. Opposed to

<xex>aliquant</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al`i*sep"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>septal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Relating to expansions of the nasal

septum.</def>



<hw>Al"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like ale;

<as>as, an <ex>alish</ex> taste</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`i*sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>ala</ets> wing + E. <ets>sphenoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to or forming the wing of the

sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in

the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; <as>as,

<ex>alisphenoid</ex> bone; <ex>alisphenoid</ex> canal.</as></def>



<hw>Al`i*sphe"noid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The alisphenoid bone.</def>



<hw>Al"i*trunk</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ala</ets> wing + <ets>truncus</ets> trunk.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The segment of the body of an insect

to which the wings are attached; the thorax.</def>



<au>Kirby.</au>



<hw>Al`i*tur"gic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>liturgical</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not

offered.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>\'d8A`li*un"de</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>From another source; from

elsewhere; <as>as, a case proved <ex>aliunde</ex>; evidence

<ex>aliunde</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>A*live"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>on

live</ets>, AS. <ets>on l\'c6fe</ets> in life; <ets>l\'c6fe</ets>

being dat. of <ets>l\'c6f</ets> life. See <er>Life</er>, and cf.

<er>Live</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having life,

in opposition to <xex>dead</xex>; living; being in a state in

which the organs perform their functions; <as>as, an animal or a

plant which is <ex>alive</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a state of action; in force or operation;

unextinguished; unexpired; existent; <as>as, to keep the fire

<ex>alive</ex>; to keep the affections <ex>alive</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exhibiting the activity and motion of many

living beings; swarming; thronged.</def>



<q>The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was <qex>alive</qex> with

muskets and green boughs.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Sprightly; lively; brisk.</def>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having

lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.</def>



<q>Tremblingly <qex>alive</qex> to nature's laws.</q>

<qau>Falconer.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Of all living (by way of emphasis).</def>



<q>Northumberland was the proudest man <qex>alive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<note>Used colloquially as an intensive; as, <xex>man

alive!</xex></note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Alive</xex> always follows the noun which it

qualifies.</note>



<hw>\'d8A`li*za"ri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

fr. Ar. <ets>'a<?/\'berah</ets> juice extracted from a plant, fr.

<ets>'a<?/ara</ets> to press.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The

madder of the Levant.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>A*liz"a*rin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alizarine</ets>, fr. <ets>alizari</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A coloring principle,

<chform>C14H6O2(OH)2</chform>, found in madder, and now produced

artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*hest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alchahest</ets>, F. <ets>alcahest</ets>, a word that has an

Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by

Paracelsus.]</ety> <def>The fabled \'bduniversal solvent\'b8 of

the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all

bodies.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Al`ka*hes"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Al`kal*am"ide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a series of compounds that may be

regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been

replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or

radicals.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`ka*les`cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`ka*les"cen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance

in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to

predominant.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Al`ka*les"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcalescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Tending to the properties of

an alkali; slightly alkaline.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*li</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alkalis</plw> or <plw>Alkalies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>alcali</ets>, ultimately fr. Ar. <ets>alqal\'c6</ets> ashes

of the plant saltwort, fr. <ets>qalay</ets> to roast in a pan,

fry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic

potash, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of caustic

bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose

distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water,

uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming

salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and

changing reddened litmus to blue.</def>



<cs><col>Fixed alkalies</col>, <cd>potash and soda.</cd> --

<col>Vegetable alkalies</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Alkaloids</er>.</cd> -- <col>Volatile alkali</col>,

<cd>ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed

alkalies.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>alcalifiable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

alkalified, or converted into an alkali.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alkalified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Alkalifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> +

<ets>-fly</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*li*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become changed

into an alkali.</def>



<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>. cf. F.

<ets>alcalim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument to ascertain

the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a

mixture.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`ka*li*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.</def>



<hw>Al`ka*lim"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcalim\'8atrie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The

art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the

quantity present in alkaline mixtures.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*line</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcalin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an alkali or

to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.</def>



<cs><col>Alkaline earths</col>, <cd>certain substances, as lime,

baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities

of alkalies.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline metals</col>, <cd>potassium,

sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium.</cd> -- <col>Alkaline

reaction</col>, <cd>a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the

action on limits, turmeric, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al`ka*lin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.</def>



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Al*ka"li*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al"ka*li*zate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alkaline.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Al"ka*li**zate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

alkalizate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Al`ka*li*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>alcalisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act rendering

alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline

qualities.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*lize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alkalized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Alkalizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alcaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render alkaline; to

communicate the properties of an alkali to.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al`ka*loid"al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alcalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.</def>



<hw>Al"ka*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base, especially one of a

class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of

plants and the bodies of animals.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Alcaloids</xex> all contain nitrogen, carbon,

and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include

many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and

narcotine are <xex>alkaloids</xex> found in opium.</note>



<hw>Al"ka*net</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of Sp.

<ets>alcana</ets>, <ets>alhe<?/a</ets>, in which <ets>al</ets> is

the Ar. article. See <er>Henna</er>, <er>and cf</er>.

<er>Orchanet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

dyeing matter extracted from the roots of <xex>Alkanna

tinctoria</xex>, which gives a fine deep red color.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A boraginaceous

herb <spn>(Alkanna tinctoria)</spn> yielding the dye;

orchanet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The similar plant <spn>Anchusa

officinalis</spn>; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.</def>



<hw>Al*kar"gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Alkar</ets>sin + oxy<ets>gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Cacodylic acid</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*kar"sin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Alkali</ets> + <ets>ars</ets>enic +

<ets>-in</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A spontaneously

inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of

cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also

<altname>Cadel's fuming liquid</altname>.</def>



<hw>Al*ka"zar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See <er>Alcazar</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`ke*ken"gi</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alk\'82kenge</ets>, Sp. <ets>alquequenje</ets>, ultimately

fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>k\'bekanj</ets> a kind of resin from

Herat.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the

nightshade family <spn>(Physalis alkekengi)</spn> and its fruit,

which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely

inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called <xex>winter

cherry</xex>, <xex>ground cherry</xex>, and <xex>strawberry

tomato</xex>.</def>



<au>D. C. Eaton.</au>



<hw>Al*ker"mes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>qirmiz</ets> kermes. See

<er>Kermes</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Pharmacy)</fld> <def>A compound

cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the

kermes insect, its principal ingredient.</def>



<hw>Al"ko*ran</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as <er>Alcoran</er> and

<er>Koran</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`ko*ran"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alcoranic</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`ko*ran"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alcoranist</er>.</def>



<hw>All</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>al</ets>,

pl. <ets>alle</ets>, AS. <ets>eal</ets>, pl. <ets>ealle</ets>,

Northumbrian <ets>alle</ets>, akin to D. & OHG. <ets>al</ets>,

Ger. <ets>all</ets>, Icel. <ets>allr</ets>. Dan. <ets>al</ets>,

Sw. <ets>all</ets>, Goth. <ets>alls</ets>; and perh. to Ir. and

Gael. <ets>uile</ets>, W. <ets>oll</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or

degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every;

<as>as, <ex>all</ex> the wheat; <ex>all</ex> the land;

<ex>all</ex> the year; <ex>all</ex> the strength; <ex>all</ex>

happiness; <ex>all</ex> abundance; loss of <ex>all</ex> power;

beyond <ex>all</ex> doubt; you will see us <ex>all</ex> (or all

of us).</as></def>



<q>Prove <qex>all</qex> things: hold fast that which is good.</q>

<qau>1 Thess. v. 21.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWithout

<xex>all</xex> remedy.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ When the definite article \'bdthe,\'b8 or a

possessive or a demonstrative pronoun, is joined to the noun that

<xex>all</xex> qualifies, <xex>all</xex> precedes the article or

the pronoun; as, <xex>all</xex> the cattle; <xex>all</xex> my

labor; <xex>all</xex> his wealth; <xex>all</xex> our families;

<xex>all</xex> your citizens; <xex>all</xex> their property;

<xex>all</xex> other joys.</note>



<note>This word, not only in popular language, but in the

Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or

number, or a great part. Thus, <xex>all</xex> the cattle in Egypt

died, <xex>all</xex> Judea and <xex>all</xex> the region round

about Jordan, <xex>all</xex> men held John as a prophet, are not

to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large

part, or very great numbers.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Only; alone; nothing but.</def>



<q>I was born to speak <qex>all</qex> mirth and no matter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>All the whole</col>, <cd>the whole (emphatically).

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>All the whole<xex>

army.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>All</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wholly;

completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; <as>as,

<ex>all</ex> bedewed; my friend is <ex>all</ex> for

amusement.</as></def> \'bdAnd cheeks <xex>all</xex> pale.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<-- p. 40 -->



<note><hand/ In the ancient phrases, <xex>all</xex> too dear,

<xex>all</xex> too much, <xex>all</xex> so long, etc., this word

retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Even; just.</def> (Often a mere intensive

adjunct.) <mark>[Obs. or Poet.]</mark>



<q><qex>All</qex> as his straying flock he fed.

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A damsel lay deploring

<qex>All</qex> on a rock reclined.

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>All to</col>, <or/ <col>All-to</col></mcol>.

<cd>In such phrases as \'bd<xex>all to</xex> rent,\'b8

\'bd<xex>all to break</xex>,\'b8 \'bd<xex>all-to</xex>

frozen,\'b8 etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old

authors, the <xex>all</xex> and the <xex>to</xex> have commonly

been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning

to <xex>entirely</xex>, <xex>completely</xex>,

<xex>altogether</xex>. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in

the word <xex>all</xex> (as it does in \'bd<xex>all</xex>

forlorn,\'b8 and similar expressions), and the <xex>to</xex>

properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive

prefix (orig. meaning <xex>asunder</xex> and answering to the LG.

<xex>ter-</xex>, HG. <xex>zer-</xex>). It is frequently to be met

with in old books, used without the <xex>all</xex>. Thus Wyclif

says, \'bdThe vail of the temple was <xex>to rent</xex>:\'b8 and

of Judas, \'bdHe was hanged and <xex>to-burst</xex> the

middle:\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>, burst in two, or asunder.</cd> --

<col>All along</col>. <cd>See under <er>Along</er>.</cd> --

<col>All and some</col>, <cd>individually and collectively, one

and all.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdDispleased <xex>all and

some</xex>.\'b8 <au>Fairfax</au>. -- <col>All but</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Scarcely; not even.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Almost; nearly.</cd>  \'bdThe

fine arts were </xex>all but</xex> proscribed.\'b8</cd>

<au>Macaulay</au>. -- <col>All hollow</col>, entirely,

completely; <as>as, to beat any one <ex>all

hollow</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>All one</col>,

<cd>the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same

thing.</cd> -- <col>All over</col>, <cd>over the whole extent;

thoroughly; wholly; <as>as, she is her mother <ex>all

over</ex></as>.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>All the

better</col>, <cd>wholly the better; that is, better by the whole

difference.</cd> -- <col>All the same</col>,

<cd>nevertheless.</cd>  \'bdThere they [certain phenomena] remain

rooted <xex>all the same</xex>, whether we recognize them or

not.\'b8 <au>J. C. Shairp</au>. \'bdBut Rugby is a very nice

place <xex>all the same<xex>.\'b8 <au>T. Arnold</au>. -- See also

under <er>All</er>, <pos>n.<pos></cs>



<hw>All</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The whole number,

quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or

concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or

every person; <as>as, our <ex>all</ex> is at stake</as>.</def>



<q>Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to

<qex>all</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>All</qex> that thou seest is mine.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxi. 43.</qau>



<note><xex>All<xex> is used with <it>of</it>, like a partitive;

as, <xex>all<xex> of a thing, <xex>all<xex> of us.</note>



<cs><col>After all</col>, <cd>after considering everything to the

contrary; nevertheless.</cd> -- <col>All in all</col>, <cd>a

phrase which signifies <xex>all<xex> things to a person, or

everything desired; (also <xex>adverbially<xex>) wholly;

altogether.</cd>



<q>Thou shalt be <qex>all in all</qex>, and I in thee,

Forever.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Trust me not at all, or <qex>all in all</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



-- <col>All in the wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a phrase

denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind,

so as to shake.</cd> -- <col>All told</col>, <cd>all counted; in

all.</cd> -- <col>And all</col>, <cd>and the rest; and everything

connected.</cd> \'bdBring our crown <xex>and all<xex>.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. -- <col>At all</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In every

respect; wholly; thoroughly.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdShe is

a shrew <xex>at al(l)</xex>.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually

in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying <xex>in

any way or respect<xex>; <xex>in the least degree<xex> or <xex>to

the least extent<xex>; <xex>in the least<xex>; <xex>under any

circumstances<xex>; as, he has no ambition <xex>at all<xex>; has

he any property at all? \'bdNothing <xex>at all<xex>.</cd> \'b8

<au>Shak</au>. \'bdIt thy father <xex>at all<xex> miss me.\'b8

<au>1 Sam. xx. 6<cd>.</cd> -- <col>Over all</col>,

<cd>everywhere.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>All</xex> is much used in composition to

enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances,

it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant

is dropped, as in <xex>al</xex>mighty, <xex>al</xex>ready,

<xex>al</xex>ways: but, in most instances, it is an adverb

prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen,

as, <xex>all</xex>-bountiful, <xex>all</xex>-glorious,

<xex>all</xex>important, <xex>all</xex>-surrounding, etc. In

others it is an adjective; as, <xex>all</xex>power,

<xex>all</xex>-giver. Anciently many words, as,

<xex>al</xex>about, <xex>al</xex>aground, etc., were compounded

with <xex>all</xex>, which are now written separately.</note>



<hw>All</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[Orig. <ets>all</ets>, adv.,

wholly: used with <ets>though</ets> or <ets>if</ets>, which being

dropped before the subjunctive left <ets>all</ets> as if in the

sense <ets>although</ets>.]</ety> <def>Although; albeit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>All</qex> they were wondrous loth.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Al`la bre"ve</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[It., according to

the <ets>breve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Church Music)</fld>

<def>With one <xex>breve</xex>, or four minims, to measure, and

sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; --

indicated in the time signature by <?/.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"lah</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[ contr. fr.

the article <ets>al</ets> the + <ets>ilah</ets> God.]</ety>

<def>The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and

the Mohammedans generally.</def>



<hw>All`-a-mort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alamort</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"lan*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From T.

<ets>Allan</ets>, who first distinguished it as a species.]</ety>

<fld>(min.)</fld> <def>A silicate containing a large amount of

cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to

epidote in form and composition.</def>



<hw>Al`lan*to"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>allanto\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

contained in, the allantois.</def>



<cs><col>Allantoic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> See

<er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*lan"toid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al`lan*toid"al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ shaped like a

sausage; <?/ sausage + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the allantois.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`lan*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of

Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes

reptiles, birds, and mammals.</def>



<hw>Al*lan"to*in</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline, transparent, colorless

substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; --

formerly called <xex>allantoic acid</xex> and <xex>amniotic

acid</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{  <hw>\'d8Al*lan"to*is</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al*lan"toid</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, } <pos>n.</pos>.

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A membranous appendage of the embryos of

mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect

the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.</def>



<hw>Al"la*trate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allatrare</ets>. See <er>Latrate</er>.]</ety> <def>To bark

as a dog.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Stubbes.</au>



<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Allayed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Allaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alaien</ets>,

<ets>aleggen</ets>, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to,

AS. <ets>\'belecgan</ets>; <ets>\'be-</ets> (cf. Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning <ets>out</ets>)

+ <ets>lecgan</ets> to lay; but confused with old forms of

<ets>allege</ets>, <ets>alloy</ets>, <ets>alegge</ets>. See

<er>Lay</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make quiet or put at

rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; <as>as, to

<ex>allay</ex> popular excitement; to <ex>allay</ex> the tumult

of the passions.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; <as>as, to

<ex>allay</ex> the severity of affliction or the bitterness of

adversity</as>.</def>



<q>It would <qex>allay</qex> the burning quality of that fell

poison.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease;

abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See

<er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>



<hw>Al*lay"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To diminish

in strength; to abate; to subside.</def> \'bdWhen the rage

<xex>allays</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Alleviation; abatement;

check.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Alloy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al*lay"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mix (metals); to mix

with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Al*lay"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, allays.</def>



<hw>Al*lay"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

allaying; that which allays; mitigation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The like <qex>allayment</qex> could I give my grief.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Al"le*cret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alecret</ets>, <ets>halecret</ets>,

<ets>hallecret</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of light armor used in

the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.</def>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Al*lect"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allectare</ets>, freq. of <ets>allicere</ets>,

<ets>allectum</ets>.]</ety> <def>To allure; to entice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al`lec*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allectatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Enticement; allurement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>allectivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Alluring.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lec"tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Allurement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Al*ledge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Allege</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ This spelling, corresponding to <xex>abridge</xex>,

was once the prevailing one.</note>



<hw>Al`le*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allegatio</ets>, fr. <ets>allegare</ets>,

<ets>allegatum</ets>, to send a message, cite; later, to free by

giving reasons; <ets>ad + legare</ets> to send, commission. Cf.

<er>Allege</er> and <er>Adlegation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of alleging or positively asserting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is alleged, asserted, or declared;

positive assertion; formal averment</def>



<q>I thought their <qex>allegation</qex> but reasonable.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A statement by a party of what

he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate

averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.</def>



<hw>Al*lege"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alleged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Alleging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aleggen</ets> to

bring forward as evidence, OF. <ets>esligier</ets> to buy, prop.

to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL.

<ets>exlitigare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + litigare</ets> to quarrel,

sue (see <er>Litigate</er>). The word was confused with L.

<ets>allegare</ets> (see <er>Allegation</er>), and <ets>lex</ets>

law. Cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring forward

with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; <as>as, to

<ex>allege</ex> a fact</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cite or quote; <as>as, to <ex>allege</ex> the

authority of a judge</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse;

<as>as, he refused to lend, <ex>alleging</ex> a resolution

against lending</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce;

declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.</syn>



<hw>Al*lege"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <def>To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden

or a trouble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Al*lege"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being alleged or affirmed.</def>



<q>The most authentic examples <qex>allegeable</qex> in the

case.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Al*lege"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lege"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allegation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With many complaints and <qex>allegements</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Sanderson.</qau>



<hw>Al*leg"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

affirms or declares.</def>



<hw>Al*legge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alegge</er> and <er>Allay</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*le"giance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alegeaunce</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> + OF. <ets>lige</ets>,

<ets>liege</ets>. The meaning was influenced by L.

<ets>ligare</ets> to bind, and even by <ets>lex</ets>, legis,

law. See <er>Liege</er>, <er>Ligeance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject

owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to

one's king, government, or state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Devotion; loyalty; <as>as, <ex>allegiance</ex>

to science</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty.</syn>  --

<usage><er>Allegiance</er>, <er>Loyalty</er>. These words agree

in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the

\'bdpowers that be.\'b8 <xex>Allegiance</xex> is an obligation to

a ruling power. <xex>Loyalty</xex> is a feeling or sentiment

towards such power. <xex>Allegiance</xex> may exist under any

form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of

<xex>allegiance</xex> to the government, to the state, etc. In

well conducted monarchies, <xex>loyalty</xex> is a warm-hearted

feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is

personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the

<xex>loyalty</xex> of a wife to her husband, not of her

<xex>allegiance</xex>. In cases where we personify,

<xex>loyalty</xex> is more commonly the word used; <as>as,

<ex>loyalty</ex> to the constitution; <ex>loyalty</ex> to the

cause of virtue; <ex>loyalty</xxex> to truth and religion,

etc.</as></usage>



<q>Hear me, recreant, on thine <qex>allegiance</qex> hear me!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . . 

Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,

His <qex>loyalty</qex> he kept, his love, his zeal.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Al*le"giant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Loyal.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`le*gor"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`le*gor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>all\'82gorique</ets>, L. <ets>allegorius</ets>, fr.

Gr. <?/. See <er>Allegory</er>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or

consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing

by resemblances; figurative.</def>   \'bdAn <xex>allegoric</xex>

tale.\'b8 <au>Falconer</au>. \'bdAn <xex>allegorical</xex>

application.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.



<q><qex>Allegorical</qex> being . . . that kind of language which

says one thing, but means another.</q>

<qau>Max Miller.</qau>



<wordforms><wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Al"le*go*rist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>allegoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who allegorizes; a writer

of allegory.</def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>Al`le*gor"i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an

allegorical sense.</def>



<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Allegorized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Allegorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. 

<ets>all\'82goriser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>allegorizare</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To form or turn into allegory; <as>as, to

<ex>allegorize</ex> the history of a people</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat as allegorical; to understand in an

allegorical sense; <as>as, when a passage in a writer may

understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a

figurative sense is said to <ex>allegorize</ex> it</as>.</def>



<hw>Al"le*go*rize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To use

allegory.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Al"le*go*ri`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.</def>



<hw>Al"le*go*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Allegories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>allegoria</ets>, Gr. <?/, description of one thing under the

image of another; <?/ other + <?/ to speak in the assembly,

harangue, <?/ place of assembly, fr. <?/ to assemble: cf. F.

<ets>all\'82gorie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A figurative

sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is

described by another subject resembling it in its properties and

circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we

are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by

the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which represents by suggestive

resemblance; an emblem.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Paint. & Sculpt.)</fld> <def>A figure

representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly

conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Metaphor; fable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Allegory</er>,

<er>Parable</er>. \'bdAn <xex>allegory</xex> differs both from

fable and <xex>parable</xex>, in that the properties of persons

are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they

are as it were transferred.  . . . A figure of Peace and Victory

crowning some historical personage is an <xex>allegory</xex>.

\'bdI am the Vine, ye are the branches\'b8 [<au>John xv.

1-6</au>] is a spoken <xex>allegory</xex>. In the

<xex>parable</xex> there is no transference of properties. The

<xex>parable</xex> of the sower [<au>Matt. xiii. 3-23</au>]

represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the

<xex>allegory</xex> quoted above the properties of the vine and

the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of

Christ and His apostles and disciples.\'b8</usage>



<au>C. J. Smith.</au>



<note>An <xex>allegory</xex> is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's

\'bdPilgrim's Progress\'b8 and Spenser's \'bdFa\'89rie Queene\'b8

are celebrated examples of the <xex>allegory</xex>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Al`le`gresse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>all\'82gresse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets>

sprightly.]</ety> <def>Joy; gladsomeness.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`le*gret"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,

dim. of <ets>allegro</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Quicker

than <xex>andante</xex>, but not so quick as

<xex>allegro</xex>.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A movement in

this time.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*le"gro</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,

merry, gay, fr. L. <ets>alacer</ets> lively. Cf.

<er>Aleger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Brisk,

lively.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An allegro movement;

a quick, sprightly strain or piece.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`le*lu"ia</hw>, <hw>Al`le*lu"iah</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>alleluia</ets>, Gr.

<?/, fr. Heb. <ets>hall<?/l<?/</ets>-<ets>y\'beh</ets>. See

<er>Hallelujah</er>.]</ety> <def>An exclamation signifying

<xex>Praise ye Jehovah</xex>. Hence: A song of praise to God. See

<er>Hallelujah</er>, the commoner form.</def>



<q>I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying,

<qex>Alleluia</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rev. xix. 1.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Al"le*mande"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>allemand</ets> German.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A dance in moderate twofold time, invented

by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in

suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A figure in dancing.</def>



<hw>Al`le*man"nic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alemannic</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*len"ar*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>anerly</ets> singly, fr.

<ets>ane</ets> one.]</ety> <def>Solely; only.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Al"ler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>ealra</ets>, the AS. gen. pl. of <ets>eal</ets> all.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Alder</er>, of all.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al*le"ri*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>al\'82rion</ets>, LL. <ets>alario</ets> a sort of eagle; of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Am eagle without

beak or feet, with expanded wings.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Al*le"vi*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alleviated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Alleviating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alleviare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + levis</ets> light. See

<er>Alegge</er>, <er>Levity</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

lighten or lessen the force or weight of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Should no others join capable to <qex>alleviate</qex> the

expense.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the

<qex>alleviating</qex> of the body [of flying birds].</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lighten or lessen (physical or mental

troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; <as>as, to

<ex>alleviate</ex> sorrow, pain, care, etc.</as> ; -- opposed to

<xex>aggravate</xex>.</def>



<q>The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much

<qex>alleviated</qex> by giving the use of letters.</q>

<qau>Bp. Horsley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To extenuate; to palliate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He <qex>alleviates</qex> his fault by an excuse.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage;

abate; relieve; nullify; allay.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Alleviate</er>, <er>Mitigate</er>, <er>Assuage</er>,

<er>Allay</er>. These words have in common the idea of relief

from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in

their application, according to the image under which this idea

is presented. <xex>Alleviate</xex> supposes a load which is

lightened or taken off; <as>as, to <ex>alleviate</ex> one's

cares</as>. <xex>Mitigate</xex> supposes something fierce which

is made mild; <as>as, to <ex>mitigate</ex> one's anguish</as>.

<xex>Assuage</xex> supposes something violent which is quieted;

<as>as, to <ex>assuage</ex> one's sorrow</as>. <xex>Allay</xex>

supposes something previously excited, but now brought down;

<as>as, to <ex>allay</ex> one's suffering or one's thirst</as>.

To <xex>alleviate</xex> the distresses of life; to

<xex>mitigate</xex> the fierceness of passion or the violence of

grief; to <xex>assuage</xex> angry feeling; to <xex>allay</xex>

wounded sensibility.</usage>



<hw>Al*le`vi*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alleviatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation;

relief.</def>



<-- p. 41 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which mitigates, or makes more

tolerable.</def>



<q>I have not wanted such <qex>alleviations</qex> of life as

friendship could supply.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Al*le"vi*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to alleviate.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

alleviates.</def></wordforms>



<hw>Al*le"vi*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, alleviaties.</def>



<hw>Al*le"vi*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alleviative.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Al"ley</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alleys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>aley</ets>,

<ets>alley</ets>, OF. <ets>al\'82e</ets>, F. <ets>all\'82e</ets>,

a going, passage, fr. OE. <ets>aler</ets>, F. <ets>aller</ets>,

to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. <ets>anar</ets>, It.

<ets>andare</ets>, Sp. <ets>andar</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden

or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered

way.</def>



<q>I know each lane and every <qex>alley</qex> green.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct

from a public street.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A passageway between rows of pews in a

church.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>Any passage having the

entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the

appearance of length.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The space between two rows of compositors'

stands in a printing office.</def>



<hw>Al"ley</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Alleys</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[A contraction of <ets>alabaster</ets>,

of which it was originally made.]</ety> <def>A choice taw or

marble.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Al"leyed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

alleys; forming an alley.</def> \'bdAn <xex>alleyed</xex>

walk.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Al"ley*way`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

alley.</def>



<hw>All" Fools' Day`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The first day of

April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.</def>



<q>The first of April, some do say,

Is set apart for <qex>All Fools' Day</qex>.</q>

<qau>Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).</qau>



<hw>All`fours"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[All + four

(cards).]</ety> <def>A game at cards, called \'bdHigh, Low, Jack,

and the Game.\'b8</def>



<hw>All` fours"</hw> <ety>[formerly, <er>All` four"</er>.]</ety>

<def>All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms

of a person.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To be</col>, <col>go</col>, <it>or</it>

<col>run</col>, <col>on all fours</col></mcol> <cd>(Fig.), to be

on the same footing; to correspond (<xex>with<xex>) exactly; to

be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.</cd> 

\'bdThis example <xex>is on all fours<xex> with the other.\'b8 

\'bdNo simile can <xex>go on all fours<xex>.\'b8 

<au>Macaulay.</au></cs>



<hw>All` hail"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>All</ets> +

<ets>hail</ets>, <pos>interj.</pos>]</ety> <def>All health; -- a

phrase of salutation or welcome.</def>



<hw>All`-hail"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To salute; to

greet.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<q>Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from

the king, who <qex>all-hailed</qex> me \'bdThane of

Cawdor.\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>All`hal"lond</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allhallows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>All`hal"low</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>All`hal"lows</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>All the

saints (in heaven).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>All Saints' Day, November 1st.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->



<hw>All`hal"low</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The evening before

Allhallows. See <er>Halloween</er>.</def>



<hw>All`hal"low*mas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

feast of All Saints.</def>



<hw>All`hal"lown</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the time of Allhallows. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Allhallown</xex> summer.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. (i. e.,

<xex>late summer</xex>; \'bdIndian Summer\'b8).</def>



<hw>All`hal"low*tide`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>t\'c6d</ets> time.]</ety> <def>The time at or near All

Saints, or November 1st.</def>



<hw>All"heal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name

popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other

plants.</def>



<hw>Al*li"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Able to

enter into alliance.</def>



<hw>Al`li*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the genus <spn>Allium</spn>, or garlic, onions,

leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.</def>



<hw>Al*li"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aliaunce</ets>, OF. <ets>aliance</ets>, F.

<ets>alliance</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F.

<ets>allier</ets>. See <er>Ally</er>, and cf. LL.

<ets>alligantia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of

interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially

between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or

league; <as>as, matrimonial <ex>alliances</ex>; an

<ex>alliance</ex> between church and state; an <ex>alliance</ex>

between France and England.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any union resembling that of families or states;

union by relationship in qualities; affinity.</def>



<q>The <qex>alliance</qex> of the principles of the world with

those of the gospel.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<q>The <qex>alliance</qex> . . . between logic and

metaphysics.</q>

<qau>Mansel.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The persons or parties allied.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy;

confederation; league; coalition.</syn>



<hw>Al*li"ance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To connect by

alliance; to ally.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*li"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alliant</ets>, p. pr.]</ety> <def>An ally; a

confederate.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"lice</hw>, <hw>Al"lis</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad

<spn>(Clupea vulgaris)</spn>; allice shad. See

<er>Alose</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*li"cien*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Attractive power; attractiveness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Al*li"cient</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alliciens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>allicere</ets> to allure;

<ets>ad + lacere</ets> to entice.]</ety> <def>That attracts;

attracting.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>That

attracts.</def> <mark>[Rare or Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Al*lied"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>United;

joined; leagued; akin; related. See <er>Ally</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*li*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alligatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alligare</ets>. See

<er>Ally</er>.]</ety> <def>To tie; to unite by some tie.</def>



<q>Instincts <qex>alligated</qex> to their nature.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Al`li*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alligatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of tying

together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being

attached.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>A rule relating to the

solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of

different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or

values.</def>



<note><hand/ The rule is named from the method of connecting

together the terms by certain ligature-like signs.

<xex>Alligation</xex> is of two kinds, medial and

<xex>alternate</xex>; <xex>medial</xex> teaching the method of

finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple

ingredients whose prices and qualities are known;

<xex>alternate</xex>, teaching the amount of each of several

simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which

will be required to make a mixture of given price or

quality.</note>



<hw>Al"li*ga`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>el lagarto</ets> the lizard (<ets>el lagarto de

Indias</ets>, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L.

<ets>lacertus</ets>, <ets>lacerta</ets>, lizard. See

<er>Lizard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to

America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile,

and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper

jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of

the southern United States, there are allied species in South

America.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>Any machine with strong jaws,

one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator</def>;

as, <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld> <def>a form of

squeezer for the puddle ball</def>; <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>a rock breaker</def>; <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>a kind of job press, called also

<altname>alligator press</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Alligator apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the fruit

of the <spn>Anona palustris</spn>, a West Indian tree. It is said

to be narcotic in its properties.</cd> <au>Loudon</au>. --

<col>Alligator fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a marine

fish of northwestern America <spn>(Podothecus

acipenserinus)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Alligator gar</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the gar pikes <spn>(Lepidosteus

spatula)</spn> found in the southern rivers of the United States.

The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes.</cd> --

<col>Alligator pear</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a corruption of

<xex>Avocado pear<xex>. See <er>Avocado</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Alligator snapper</col>, <col>Alligator

tortoise</col>, <col>Alligator turtle</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large and voracious turtle

<spn>(Macrochelys lacertina)</spn> in habiting the rivers of the

southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two

hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the

name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and

many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given

to other turtles, as to species of <spn>Trionyx</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Alligator wood</col>, <cd>the timber of a tree of the West

Indies <spn>(Guarea Swartzii)</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*lign"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alignment</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*lin"e*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad + lineatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>lineare</ets> to draw a

line.]</ety> <def>To align.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Herschel.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*lin`e*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*line`e*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets

with the sun.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<q>The <qex>allineation</qex> of the two planets.</q>

<qau>C. A. Young.</qau>



<hw>Al*li"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allisio</ets>, fr. <ets>allidere</ets>, to strike or dash

against; <ets>ad + laedere</ets> to dash against.]</ety> <def>The

act of dashing against, or striking upon.</def>



<q>The boisterous <qex>allision</qex> of the sea.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<hw>Al*lit"er*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or characterized by alliteration.</def>



<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

employ or place so as to make alliteration.</def>



<au>Skeat.</au>



<hw>Al*lit"er*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To compose

alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.</def>



<hw>Al*lit`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad + litera</ets> letter. See <er>Letter</er>.]</ety>

<def>The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or

more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short

intervals; as in the following lines: -</def>



<q>Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved

His vastness.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<note><hand/ The recurrence of the same letter in accented parts

of words is also called <xex>alliteration</xex>. Anglo-Saxon

poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later

poets also employed it.</note>



<q>In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,

I <qex>sh</qex>ope me in <qex>sh</qex>roudes as I a

<qex>sh</qex>epe were.</q>

<qau>P. Plowman.</qau>



<hw>Al*lit"er*a*tive</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; <as>as,

<ex>alliterative</ex> poetry</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Al*lit"er*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

alliterates.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"li*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

garlic.]</ety> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants,

including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.</def>



<hw>All"mouth`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The angler.</def>



<hw>All"ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Totality;

completeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>allness</qex> of God, including his absolute

spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.</q>

<qau>R. Turnbull.</qau>



<hw>All"night`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Light, fuel,

or food for the whole night.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Al"lo*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>allocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>allocare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>ad + locare</ets> to place. See <er>Allow</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To distribute or assign; to allot.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To localize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al`lo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>allocatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>allocation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of putting one thing to another; a

placing; disposition; arrangement.</def>



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An allotment or apportionment; <as>as, an

<ex>allocation</ex> of shares in a company</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>allocation</qex> of the particular portions of

Palestine to its successive inhabitants.</q>

<qau>A. R. Stanley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The admission of an item in an account, or an

allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English

exchequer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`lo*ca"tur</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.,

it is allowed, fr. <ets>allocare</ets> to allow.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>\'bdAllowed.\'b8 The word

<xex>allocatur</xex> expresses the allowance of a proceeding,

writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.</def>



<hw>Al`lo*chro"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Changeable in color.</def>



<hw>Al*loch"ro*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>See <er>Garnet</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*loch"ro*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

changed in color, fr. <?/ other + <?/ color.]</ety> <def>Changing

color.</def>



<hw>Al`lo*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allocuto</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets> to speak to; <ets>ad

+ loqui</ets> to speak: cf. F. <ets>allocution</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or manner of speaking to, or of

addressing in words.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An address; a hortatory or authoritative address

as of a pope to his clergy.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Al"lod</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Allodium</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>allodialis</ets>, fr. <ets>allodium</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>allodial</ets>. See <er>Allodium</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of

rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed

to <xex>feudal</xex>; <as>as, <ex>allodial</ex> lands;

<ex>allodial</ex> system.</as></def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Al*lo"di*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Anything held

allodially.</def>



<au>W. Coxe.</au>



<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

allodial system.</def>



<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who holds

allodial land.</def>



<hw>Al*lo"di*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By allodial

tenure.</def>



<hw>Al*lo"di*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

holds an allodium.</def>



<hw>Al*lo"di*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>allodium</ets>, <ets>alodium</ets>, <ets>alodis</ets>,

<ets>alaudis</ets>, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. <ets>al</ets> all,

and <ets><?/t</ets> (AS. <ets>e\'bed</ets>) possession, property.

It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Freehold estate; land which is the absolute

property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence,

without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to

a superior. It is thus opposed to <xex>feud</xex>.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Al*log"a*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allogamy.</def>



<hw>Al*log"a*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

other + <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilization

of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same

species; cross-fertilization.</def>



<hw>Al`lo*ge"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Different in nature or kind.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al"lo*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

another + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writing or signature

made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; --

opposed to <xex>autograph</xex>.</def>



<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->



<hw>Al*lom"er*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

other + <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Variability in

chemical constitution without variation in crystalline

form.</def>



<hw>Al*lom"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Characterized by allomerism.</def>



<hw>Al"lo*morph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

other + <?/ form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any

one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same

substance; or the substance having such forms; -- <as>as,

carbonate of lime occurs in the <ex>allomorphs</ex> calcite and

aragonite</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A variety of pseudomorph

which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of

material; -- thus limonite is frequently an <xex>allomorph</xex>

after pyrite.</def>



<au>G. H. Williams.</au>



<hw>Al`lo*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to allomorphism.</def>



<hw>Al`lo*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The property which constitutes an

allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.</def>



<hw>Al*longe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>allonge</ets>, earlier <ets>alonge</ets>, a lengthening. See

<er>Allonge</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Lunge</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fencing)</fld> <def>A thrust or pass; a

lunge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange

for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is

already full; a rider.</def> <mark>[A French usage]</mark>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Al*longe"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>allonger</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>long</ets> (L. <ets>longus</ets>) long.]</ety> <def>To

thrust with a sword; to lunge.</def>



<hw>Al"lo*nym</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>allonyme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ other + <?/ name.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The name of another person assumed by the author

of a work.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A work published under the name of some one

other than the author.</def>



<hw>Al*lon"y*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Published

under the name of some one other than the author.</def>



<hw>Al*loo"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> or <pos>i</pos>.

<ety>[See <er>Halloo</er>.]</ety> <def>To incite dogs by a call;

to halloo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al"lo*path</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>allopathe</ets>.]</ety> <def>An allopathist.</def>



<au>Ed. Rev.</au>



<hw>Al`lo*path"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>allopathique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

allopathy.</def>



<hw>Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic

methods.</def>



<hw>Al*lop"a*thist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.</def>



<hw>Al*lop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

other + <?/ suffering, <?/, <?/, to suffer: cf. G.

<ets>allopathie</ets>, F. <ets>allopathie</ets>. See

<er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <def>That system of medical practice

which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce

effects different from those produced by the special disease

treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the

ordinary practice, as opposed to <xex>homeopathy</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`lo*phyl"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`lo*phyl"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ of another tribe; <?/ other + <?/ class or

tribe.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a race or a language neither

Aryan nor Semitic.</def>



<au>J. Prichard.</au>



<hw>Al"lo*quy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alloquim</ets>, fr. <ets>alloqui</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

speaking to another; an address.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lot"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Allotted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Allotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aloter</ets>, F. <ets>allotir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>lot</ets> lot. See <er>Lot</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To distribute by lot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To distribute, or parcel out in parts or

portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to

assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow

on; to grant; to appoint; <as>as, let every man be contented with

that which Providence <ex>allots</ex> him</as>.</def>



<q>Ten years I will <qex>allot</qex> to the attainment of

knowledge.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Al"lo*the*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

other + <?/ god.]</ety> <def>The worship of strange gods.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Al*lot"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>alotement</ets>, F. <ets>allotement</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of allotting; assignment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is allotted; a share, part, or

portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or

by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a

distinct party.</def>



<q>The <qex>alloments</qex> of God and nature.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<q>A vineyard and an <qex>allotment</qex> for olives and

herbs.</q>

<qau>Broome.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>The allowance of a specific

amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular

person.</def>



<cs><col>Cottage allotment</col>, <cd>an allotment of a small

portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<-- p. 42 -->



<hw>Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ strange + <?/ to eat: cf. F.

<ets>allotriophagie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`lo*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`lo*trop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>allotropique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to allotropism.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Allotropic state</col>, <cd>the several conditions which

occur in a case of allotropism.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allotropic property or nature.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*lot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al*lot"ro*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ other + direction, way, <?/ to turn: cf. F.

<ets>allotropie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The

property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct

in their physical or chemical relations.</def>



<note><hand/ Thus, carbon occurs crystallized in octahedrons and

other related forms, in a state of extreme hardness, in the

diamond; it occurs in hexagonal forms, and of little hardness, in

black lead; and again occurs in a third form, with entire

softness, in lampblack and charcoal. In some cases, one of these

is peculiarly an active state, and the other a passive one. Thus,

ozone is an active state of oxygen, and is distinct from ordinary

oxygen, which is the element in its passive state.</note>



<hw>Al*lot"ro*pize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

change in physical properties but not in substance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lot"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being allotted.</def>



<hw>Al*lot`tee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One to whom

anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.</def>



<hw>Al*lot"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

allots.</def>



<hw>Al*lot"ter*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allotment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Al*low"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Allowed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Allowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>alouen</ets>, OF.

<ets>alouer</ets>, <ets>aloer</ets>, <ets>aluer</ets>, F.

<ets>allouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>allocare</ets> to admit as

proved, to place, use; confused with OF. <ets>aloer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>allaudare</ets> to extol; <ets>ad + laudare</ets> to praise.

See <er>Local</er>, and cf. <er>Allocate</er>,

<er>Laud</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To praise; to approve of;

hence, to sanction.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>Ye <qex>allow</qex> the deeds of your fathers.</q>

<qau>Luke xi. 48.</qau>



<q>We commend his pains, condemn his pride, <qex>allow</qex> his

life, approve his learning.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To like; to be suited or pleased with.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How <qex>allow</qex> you the model of these clothes?</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sanction; to invest; to intrust.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou shalt be . . . <qex>allowed</qex> with absolute

power.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield;

to let one have; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a servant his liberty;

to <ex>allow</ex> a free passage; to <ex>allow</ex> one day for

rest.</as></def>



<q>He was <qex>allowed</qex> about three hundred pounds a

year.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to

concede; to accede to an opinion; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a

right; to <ex>allow</ex> a claim; to <ex>allow</ex> the truth of

a proposition.</as></def>



<q>I <qex>allow</qex>, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that

Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To grant (something) as a deduction or an

addition; esp. to abate or deduct; <as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a

sum for leakage</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To grant license to; to permit; to consent to;

<as>as, to <ex>allow</ex> a son to be absent</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit;

suffer; tolerate. See <er>Permit</er>.</syn>



<hw>Al*low"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To admit; to concede; to

make allowance or abatement.</def>



<q><qex>Allowing</qex> still for the different ways of making

it.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>To allow of</col>, <cd>to permit; to admit.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Al*low"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>allouable</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Praiseworthy;

laudable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hacket.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed;

permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper;

<as>as, a certain degree of freedom is <ex>allowable</ex> among

friends</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*low"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from

prohibition or impropriety.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Al*low"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an allowable

manner.</def>



<hw>Al*low"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alouance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Approval;

approbation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Crabbe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or

admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.</def>



<q>Without the king's will or the state's

<qex>allowance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Acknowledgment.</def>



<q>The censure of the which one must in your <qex>allowance</qex>

o'erweigh a whole theater of others.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>License; indulgence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is allowed; a share or portion

allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty,

or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food

or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when

provisions fall short.</def>



<q>I can give the boy a handsome <qex>allowance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of

mitigating circumstances; <as>as, to make <ex>allowance</ex> for

the inexperience of youth</as>.</def>



<q>After making the largest <qex>allowance</qex> for fraud.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(com.)</fld> <def>A customary deduction from the

gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as

<xex>tare</xex> and <xex>tret</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al*low"ance</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Allowancing</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Allowance</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To put

upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply

in a fixed and limited quantity; <as>as, the captain was obliged

to <ex>allowance</ex> his crew; our provisions were

<ex>allowanced</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Al*low"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

allowance; admittedly.</def>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>Al*low"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An approver or abettor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who allows or permits.</def>



<hw>Al*lox"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets>antoin + <ets>oxa</ets>lic, as containing the

elements of <ets>allantion</ets> and <ets>oxalic</ets>

acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxidation product of uric

acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or

alcohol.</def>



<hw>Al*lox"a*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of alloxanic acid and a

base or base or positive radical.</def>



<hw>Al`lox*an"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied

to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on

alloxan.</def>



<hw>Al`lox*an"tin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance produced by acting upon uric

with warm and very dilute nitric acid.</def>



<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>alai</ets>, OF.

<ets>alei</ets>, F. <ets>aloyer</ets>, to alloy, <ets>alier</ets>

to ally. See <er>Alloy</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a

mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of

copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the

compound is called an <xex>amalgam</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or

silver; fineness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A baser metal mixed with a finer.</def>



<q>Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal.

<qex>Alloy</qex> is baser metal mixed with it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Admixture of anything which lessens the value or

detracts from; <as>as, no happiness is without

<ex>alloy</ex></as>.</def> \'bdPure English without Latin

<xex>alloy</xex>.\'b8



<au>F. Harrison.</au>



<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Alloyed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Alloying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>aloyer</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, <ets>allier</ets>, later

<ets>allayer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aligare</ets>. See

<er>Alloy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Ally</er>, <pos>v.t</pos>.,

and cf. <er>Allay</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce the

purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; <as>as, to

<ex>alloy</ex> gold with silver or copper, or silver with

copper</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mix, as metals, so as to form a

compound.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to

allay; <as>as, to <ex>alloy</ex> pleasure with

misfortunes</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*loy"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form a metallic

compound.</def>



<q>Gold and iron <qex>alloy</qex> with ease.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<hw>Al*loy"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aloyage</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or art of alloying

metals; also, the combination or alloy.</def>



<hw>All`-pos*sessed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions;

wild.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>All" Saints`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>All" Saints'</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <def>The first day of November, called,

also, <xex>Allhallows</xex> or <xex>Hallowmas</xex>; a feast day

kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this

festival.</def>



<hw>All" Souls' Day`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The second day of

November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which

supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.</def>



<hw>All"spice`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The berry of

the pimento <spn>(Eugenia pimenta)</spn>, a tree of the West

Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably

aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to

combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence

the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as,

the <stype>Carolina allspice</stype> (<spn>Calycanthus

floridus</spn>); <stype>wild allspice</stype> <spn>(Lindera

benzoin)</spn>, called also <altname>spicebush</altname>,

<altname>spicewood</altname>, and

<altname>feverbush</altname>.</def>



<hw>All`thing`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>in all</ets> (= every) <ets>thing</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Altogether.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Al*lude"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alluded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Alluding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>alludere</ets> to play with, to allude; <ets>ad +

ludere</ets> to play.]</ety> <def>To refer to something

indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not

specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>;

<as>as, the story <ex>alludes</ex> to a recent

transaction</as>.</def>



<q>These speeches . . . do seem to <qex>allude</qex> unto such

ministerial garments as were then in use.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate;

signify; insinuate; advert. See <er>Refer</er>.</syn>



<hw>Al*lude"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To compare allusively;

to refer (something) as applicable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wither.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al`lu`mette</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

from <ets>allumer</ets> to light.]</ety> <def>A match for

lighting candles, lamps, etc.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"mi*nor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alumineor</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + liminare</ets>. See

<er>Luminate</er>.]</ety> <def>An illuminator of manuscripts and

books; a limner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Al*lur"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Allurement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al*lure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alluded</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Alluring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aleurrer</ets>,

<ets>alurer</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>leurre</ets> lure. See <er>Lure</er>.]</ety> <def>To attempt

to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of

some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or

acceptable; to entice; to attract.</def>



<q>With promised joys <qex>allured</qex> them on.</q>

<qau>Falconer.</qau>



<q>The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven

<qex>Allured</qex> his eye.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.</syn>

<usage> -- To <er>Allure</er>, <er>Entice</er>, <er>Decoy</er>,

<er>Seduce</er>. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the

mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according

to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad

sense, except <xex>allure</xex>, which has sometimes (though

rarely) a good one. We are <xex>allured</xex> by the prospect or

offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly

<xex>enticed</xex> into evil by appeals to our passions. We are

<xex>decoyed</xex> into danger by false appearances or

representations. We are <xex>seduced</xex> when drawn aside from

the path of rectitude. What <xex>allures</xex> draws by gentle

means; what <xex>entices</xex> leads us by promises and

persuasions; what <xex>decoys</xex> betrays us, as it were, into

a snare or net; what <xex>seduces</xex> deceives us by artful

appeals to the passions.</usage>



<hw>Al*lure"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Allurement.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al`lure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.;

<ets>aller</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Gait; bearing.</def>



<q>The swing, the gait, the pose, the <qex>allure</qex> of these

men.</q>

<qau>Harper's Mag.</qau>



<hw>Al*lure"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act alluring; temptation; enticement.</def>



<q>Though Adam by his wife's <qex>allurement</qex> fell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which allures; any real or apparent good

held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; <as>as, the

<ex>allurements</ex> of pleasure, or of honor</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*lur"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, allures.</def>



<hw>Al*lur"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That allures; attracting;

charming; tempting. -- <wordforms><wf>Al*lur"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Al*lur"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Al*lu"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>allusio</ets>, fr. <ets>alludere</ets> to allude: cf. F.

<ets>allusion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A figurative or

symbolical reference.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reference to something supposed to be known,

but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect

reference; a hint.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Figurative; symbolical.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having reference to something not fully

expressed; containing an allusion.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Figuratively

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>; by way of allusion; by implication,

suggestion, or insinuation.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

allusive.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"so*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Allusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>Al*lu"vi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alluvial</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium;

relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from

one place and deposited in another; <as>as, <ex>alluvial</ex>

soil, mud, accumulations, deposits</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"vi*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alluvion</ets>, L. <ets>alluvio</ets>, fr.

<ets>alluere</ets> to wash against; <ets>ad + luere</ets>, equiv.

to <ets>lavare</ets>, to wash. See <wf>Lave</wf>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Wash or flow of water against the shore or

bank.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Matter deposited by an inundation or the action

of flowing water; alluvium.</def>



<q>The golden <qex>alluvions</qex> are there [in California and

Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only

on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over

the surface of vast plains.</q>

<qau>R. Cobden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An accession of land gradually

washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See

<wf>Accretion</wf>.</def>



<hw>Al*lu"vi*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alluvius</ets>. See <wf>Alluvion</wf>.]</ety>

<def>Alluvial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Al*lu"vi*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Alluviums</plw>, L. <plw>Alluvia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[L., neut. of <ets>alluvius</ets>. See

<wf>Alluvious</wf>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Deposits of

earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by

rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently

submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>All"where`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Everywhere.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>All"work`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Domestic or

other work of all kinds; <as>as, a maid of <ex>allwork</ex>, that

is, a general servant</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Allied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Allying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>alien</ets>, OF. <ets>alier</ets>, F.

<ets>alier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alligare</ets> to bind to; <ets>ad

+ ligare</ets> to bind. Cf. <er>Alligate</er>, <er>Alloy</er>,

<er>Allay</er>, <er>Ligament</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

unite, or form a connection between, as between families by

marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or

confederacy; -- often followed by <xex>to</xex> or

<xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>O chief! in blood, and now in arms <qex>allied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To connect or form a relation between by

similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.</def>



<q>These three did love each other dearly well,

And with so firm affection were <qex>allied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>The virtue nearest to our vice <qex>allied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Ally</xex> is generally used in the passive

form or reflexively.</note>



<hw>Al*ly"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Allies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See <er>Ally</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A relative; a

kinsman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One united to another by treaty or league; --

usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.</def>



<q>The English soldiers and their French <qex>allies</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything associated with another as a helper; an

auxiliary.</def>



<q>Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its

<qex>ally</qex>.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything akin to another by structure,

etc.</def>



<hw>Al"ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alley</er>, a marble or taw.</def>



<hw>Al"lyl</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>all</ets>ium garlic + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic radical,

<chform>C3H5</chform>, existing especially in oils of garlic and

mustard.</def>



<hw>Al"ly*lene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous hydrocarbon,

<chform>C3H4</chform>, homologous with acetylene; propine.</def>

<-- =propyne, <chform>CH3.C.CH</chform> -->



<mhw><hw>Al"ma</hw>, <hw>Al"mah</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Alme</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`ma*can"tar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as

<er>Almucantar</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A recently invented

instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a

given almacantar circle. See <er>Almucantar</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Al`ma*di"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Al"ma*die</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>almadie</ets> (cf. Sp. & Pg. <ets>almadia</ets>),

fr. Ar. <ets>alma'd\'c6yah</ets> a raft, float.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bark canoe used by the

Africans.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A boat used at Calicut, in

India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.</def>



<hw>Al"ma*gest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>almageste</ets>, LL. <ets>almageste</ets>, Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>majist\'c6</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), the

greatest composition.]</ety> <def>The celebrated work of Ptolemy

of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the

astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name

was extended to other similar works.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*ma"gra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>almagra</ets>, <ets>almagre</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>maghrah</ets> red clay or earth.]</ety> <def>A

fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is

the <xex>sil atticum</xex> of the ancients. Under the name of

<xex>Indian red</xex> it is used for polishing glass and

silver.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"main</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"mayne</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>Aleman</ets>, F. <ets>Allemand</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>Alemanni</ets>, ancient Ger. tribes.]</ety>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A German.</def> Also

<def2><pos>adj.</pos>, <def>German.</def></def2>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The German language.</def>



<au>J. Foxe.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of dance. See <er>Allemande</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Almain rivets</col>, <col>Almayne rivets</col>, or

<col>Alman rivets</col></mcol>, <cd>a sort of light armor from

Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide

on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Al"ma Ma"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., fostering

mother.]</ety> <def>A college or seminary where one is

educated.</def>



<hw>Al"ma*nac</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>almanac</ets>, <ets>almanach</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>almanach</ets>, Sp. <ets>almanaque</ets>, It.

<ets>almanacco</ets>, all of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A book

or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which

astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as

the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon,

eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms

of courts, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Nautical almanac</col>, <cd>an almanac, or year book,

containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and

other information useful to mariners.</cd></cs>



<-- P. 43 -->



<hw>Al"man*dine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>almandina</ets>, <ets>alamandina</ets>, for L.

<ets>alabandina</ets> a precious stone, named after

<ets>Alabanda</ets>, a town in Caria, where it was first and

chiefly found: cf. F. <ets>almandine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The common red variety of garnet.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Al"me</hw>, <hw>\'d8Al"meh</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. '<ets>almah</ets> (fem.)

learned, fr. <ets>'alama</ets> to know: cf. F.

<ets>alm\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Egyptian dancing girl; an

Alma.</def>



<q>The <qex>Almehs</qex> lift their arms in dance.</q>

<qau>Bayard Taylor.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Al`men*dron"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.,

fr. <ets>almendra</ets> almond.]</ety> <def>The lofty Brazil-nut

tree.</def>



<hw>Al"mer*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ambry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Alm"esse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Alms</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al*might"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al*might"i*ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>All-powerful; almighty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Al*might"i*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With almighty

power.</def>



<hw>Al*might"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Omnipotence;

infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Al*might"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ealmihtig</ets>, <ets>\'91lmihtig</ets>; <ets>eal</ets> (OE.

<ets>al</ets>) ail + <ets>mihtig</ets> mighty.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful;

irresistible.</def>



<q>I am the <qex>Almighty</qex> God.</q>

<qau>Gen. xvii. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great; extreme; terrible.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<q>Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in

an <qex>almighty</qex> fix.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<cs><col>The Almighty</col>, <cd>the omnipotent God.</cd></cs>



<au>Rev. i. 8.</au>



<hw>Alm"ner</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

almoner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Alm"ond</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>almande</ets>, <ets>almaunde</ets>, <ets>alemaunde</ets>, F.

<ets>amande</ets>, L. <ets>amygdala</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. Sp.

<ets>almendra</ets>. Cf. <er>Amygdalate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The fruit of the almond tree.</def>



<note><hand/ The different kinds, as bitter, sweet, thin-shelled,

thick-shelled almonds, and Jordan almonds, are the products of

different varieties of the one species, <xex>Amygdalus

communis</xex>, a native of the Mediterranean region and western

Asia.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically:

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the tonsils.</def>



<cs><col>Almond oil</col>, <cd>fixed oil expressed from sweet or

bitter almonds.</cd> -- <col>Oil of bitter almonds</col>, <cd>a

poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration

and distillation; benzoic aldehyde.</cd> -- <col>Imitation oil of

bitter almonds</col>, <cd>nitrobenzene.</cd> -- <col>Almond

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tree bearing the

almond.</cd> -- <col>Almond willow</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides;

almond-leaved willow <spn>(Salix amygdalina)</spn>.</cd>



<au>Shenstone.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Al"mond fur`nace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Prob. a corruption

of <ets>Almain furnace</ets>, <it>i. e.</it>, German furnace. See

<er>Almain</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of furnace used in refining,

to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign

matter.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Al"mon*dine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Almandine</er></def>



<hw>Al"mon*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aumener</ets>, <ets>aulmener</ets>, OF.

<ets>almosnier</ets>, <ets>aumosnier</ets>, F.

<ets>aum\'93nier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>almosne</ets>, alms, L.

<ets>eleemosyna</ets>. See <er>Alms</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses,

almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as

the <xex>almoner</xex> of a prince, bishop, etc.</def>



<hw>Al"mon*er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of an

almoner.</def>



<hw>Al"mon*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Almonries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.

<ets>aumosnerie</ets>, F. <ets>aum\'93nerie</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>aumosnier</ets>. See <er>Almoner</er>.]</ety> <def>The place

where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.</def>



<hw>Al"mose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Alms.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cheke.</au>



<hw>Al"most</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ealm\'91st</ets>, <ets>\'91lm\'91st</ets>, quite the most,

almost all; <ets>eal</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) all +

<ets>m<?/st</ets> most.]</ety> <def>Nearly; well nigh; all but;

for the greatest part.</def>



<q><qex>Almost</qex> thou persuadest me to be a Christian.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvi. 28.</qau>



<cs><col>Almost never</col>, <cd>scarcely ever.</cd> --

<col>Almost nothing</col>, <cd>scarcely anything.</cd></cs>



<hw>Alm"ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Almonry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Alms</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>almes</ets>, <ets>almesse</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91lmysse</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>eleemosyna</ets>, Gr. <?/ mercy, charity, alms, fr.

<?/ to pity. Cf. <er>Almonry</er>, <er>Eleemosynary</er>.]</ety>

<def>Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money,

food, or clothing; a gift of charity.</def>



<q>A devout man . . . which gave much <qex>alms</qex> to the

people.</q>

<qau>Acts x. 2.</qau>



<q><qex>Alms</qex> are but the vehicles of prayer.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Tenure by free alms</col>. <cd>See

<er>Frankalmoign</er>.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ This word <xex>alms</xex> is singular in its form

(<xex>almesse</xex>), and is sometimes so used; as, \'bdasked an

<xex>alms</xex>.\'b8 <au>Acts iii. 3</au>.\'bdReceived an

<xex>alms</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. It is now, however, commonly

a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as

<xex>alms</xex>giver, <xex>alms</xex>giving, alms bag,

<xex>alms</xex> chest, etc.</note>



<hw>Alms"deed`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An act of

charity.</def>



<au>Acts ix. 36.</au>



<hw>Alms"folk`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Persons

supported by alms; almsmen.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Alms"giv`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A giver of

alms.</def>



<hw>Alms"giv`ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The giving

of alms.</def>



<hw>Alms"house`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.</def>



<hw>Alms"man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<wordforms><it>fem.</it> <er>Almswoman</er></wordforms>.

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A recipient of alms.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A giver of alms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Al`mu*can"tar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>almucantarat</ets>, <ets>almicantarat</ets>, ultimately fr.

Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>muqantar\'bet</ets>, pl., fr.

<ets>qantara</ets> to bend, arch.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a

circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same

<xex>almucantar</xex> have the same altitude. See

<er>Almacantar</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<cs><col>Almucanter staff</col>, <cd>an ancient instrument,

having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take

observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or

setting, to find the variation of the compass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"muce</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*mude"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>almude</ets>, or Sp. <ets>almud</ets>, a measure of grain or

dry fruit, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>mudd</ets> a dry

measure.]</ety> <def>A measure for liquids in several countries.

In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude

about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the \'bdalmud\'b8 is

about 1.4 gallons.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"mug</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"gum</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb., perh. borrowed

fr. Skr. <ets>valguka</ets> sandalwood.]</ety>

<fld>(Script.)</fld> <def>A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron.

ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).</def>



<note><hand/ Most writers at the present day follow Celsius, who

takes it to be the red sandalwood of China and the Indian

Archipelago.</note>



<au>W. Smith.</au>



<hw>Al"nage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <ety>[OF.

<ets>alnage</ets>, <ets>aulnage</ets>, F. <ets>aunage</ets>, fr.

OF. <ets>alne</ets> ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG.

<ets>elina</ets>, Goth. <ets>aleina</ets>, cubit. See

<er>Ell</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Measurement

(of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.</def>



<hw>Al"na*ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A measure by the ell; formerly a

sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure

woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.</def>



<hw>Al"oe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aloes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>alo\'89</ets>,

Gr. <?/, aloe: cf. OF. <ets>aloe</ets>, F.

<ets>alo\'8as</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <plu>pl</plu>. <def>The

wood of the agalloch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of succulent plants,

some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number

having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants;

from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the

arts. They are natives of warm countries.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The inspissated

juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative.</def>

<mark>[Plural in form but syntactically singular.]</mark>



<cs><mcol><col>American aloe</col>, <col>Century

aloe</col></mcol>, <cd>the agave. See <er>Agave</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"oes wood`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Agalloch</er>.</def>



<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alo\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting chiefly of aloes;

of the nature of aloes.</def>



<hw>Al`o*et"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine containing

chiefly aloes.</def>



<hw>A*loft"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loft</ets>, which properly meant

<ets>air</ets>. See <er>Loft</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On

high; in the air; high above the ground.</def> \'bdHe steers his

flight <xex>aloft</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the top; at the mast head,

or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and

Colloq.), in or to heaven.</def>



<hw>A*loft"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Above; on top of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Fresh waters run <qex>aloft</qex> the sea.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>A*lo"gi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Alogiani</ets>, <ets>Alogii</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. +

<?/ word.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of an ancient sect

who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of

Christ as the Logos.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Al"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ reason.]</ety>

<def>Unreasonableness; absurdity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Al"o*in</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A bitter purgative principle in aloes.</def>



<hw>Al"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

salt + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alomancie</ets>,

<ets>halomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

salt.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>halomancy</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Morin.</au>



<hw>A*lone"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>All</ets>

+ </ets>one. OE. <ets>al one</ets> all allone, AS. <ets>\'ben

one</ets>, alone. See <er>All</er>, <er>One</er>,

<er>Lone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quite by one's self; apart

from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; -- applied to a

person or thing.</def>



<q><qex>Alone</qex> on a wide, wide sea.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>It is not good that the man should be <qex>alone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or by itself; by themselves; without any

thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only.</def>



<q>Man shall not live by bread <qex>alone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke iv. 4.</qau>



<q>The citizens <qex>alone</qex> should be at the expense.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Sole; only; exclusive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>God, by whose <qex>alone</qex> power and conversation we all

live, and move, and have our being.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hence; Unique; rare; matchless.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ The adjective <xex>alone</xex> commonly follows its

noun.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>To let</col> or <col>leave</col></mcol>

<xex>alone<xex>, <cd>to abstain from interfering with or

molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*lone"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Solely; simply;

exclusively.</def>



<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Only; merely;

singly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This said spirit was not given <qex>alonely</qex> unto him,

but unto all his heirs and posterity.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>A*lone"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exclusive.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<hw>A*lone"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state of being alone,

or without company; solitariness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>A*long"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>along</ets>, <ets>anlong</ets>, AS. <ets>andlang</ets>,

<ets>along</ets>; pref. <ets>and-</ets> (akin to OFris.

<ets>ond-</ets>, OHG. <ets>ant-</ets>, Ger. <ets>ent-</ets>,

Goth. <ets>and-</ets>, <ets>anda-</ets>, L. <ets>ante</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>anti</ets>, over against) + <ets>lang</ets> long.

See <er>Long</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>By the length; in a

line with the length; lengthwise.</def>



<q>Some laid <qex>along</qex> . . . on spokes of wheels are

hung.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward;

forward.</def>



<q>We will go <qex>along</qex> by the king's highway.</q>

<qau>Numb. xxi. 22.</qau>



<q>He struck with his o'ertaking wings,

And chased us south <qex>along</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In company; together.</def>



<q>He to England shall <qex>along</qex> with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>All along</col>, <cd>all trough the course of; during

the whole time; throughout.</cd>  \'bdI have <xex>all along<xex>

declared this to be a neutral paper.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>. --

<col>To get along</col>, <cd>to get on; to make progress, as in

business. \'bdShe 'll <xex>get along<xex> in heaven better than

you or I.\'b8</cd> <au>Mrs. Stowe.</au></cs>



<hw>A*long"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>By the length of, as

distinguished from <xex>across</xex>.</def>  \'bd<xex>Along</xex>

the lowly lands.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>The kine . . . went <qex>along</qex> the highway.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. vi. 12.</qau>



<hw>A*long"</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>gelang</ets> owing to.]</ety>

<def>(Now heard only in the prep. phrase <xex>along

of</xex>.)</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Along of</col>, <col>Along on</col>, often

shortened to <col>Long of</col></mcol>, <pos>prep. phr.</pos>,

<cd>owing to; on account of.</cd> <mark>[Obs. or Low.

Eng.]</mark> \'bd<xex>On<xex> me is not <xex>along<xex> thin evil

fare.\'b8 <au>Chaucer</au>. \'bdAnd all this is <xex>long of<xex>

you.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> \'bdThis increase of price is all

<xex>along of<xex> the foreigners.\'b8 <au>London

Punch.</au></cs>



<hw>A*long"shore`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Along

the shore or coast.</def>



<hw>A*long"shore`man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Longshoreman</er>.</def>



<hw>A*long"side`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Along or

by the side; side by side with; -- often with <xex>of</xex>;

<as>as, bring the boat <ex>alongside</ex>; <ex>alongside</ex> of

him; <ex>alongside</ex> of the tree.</as></def>



<hw>A*longst"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[Formed fr. along, like <ets>amongst</ets> fr.

<ets>among</ets>.]</ety> <def>Along.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*loof"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Alewife</er>.</def>



<hw>A*loof"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>loof</ets>, fr. D. <ets>loef</ets> luff, and so meaning, as

a nautical word, to the windward. See <er>Loof</er>,

<er>Luff</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At or from a distance, but

within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.</def>



<q>Our palace stood <qex>aloof</qex> from streets.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without sympathy; unfavorably.</def>



<q>To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at

it <qex>aloof</qex> and with caution, is the worst of all

impieties.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*loof"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Away from;

clear from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Rivetus . . . would fain work himself <qex>aloof</qex> these

rocks and quicksands.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*loof"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

aloof.</def>



<au>Rogers (1642).</au>



<q>The . . . <qex>aloofness</qex> of his dim forest life.</q>

<qau>Thoreau.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Al`o*pe"ci*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*lop"e*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alopecia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ fox, because loss of the

hair is common among foxes.]</ety> <fld>(med.)</fld> <def>Loss of

the hair; baldness.</def>



<hw>A*lop"e*cist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.</def>



<hw>A*lose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To praise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A"lose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>alosa</ets> or <ets>alausa</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European shad <spn>(Clupea

alosa)</spn>; -- called also <altname>allice shad</altname> or

<altname>allis shad</altname>. The name is sometimes applied to

the American shad <spn>(Clupea sapidissima)</spn>. See

<er>Shad</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al`ou*atte"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

several species of howling monkeys of South America. See

<er>Howler, 2</er>.</def>



<hw>A*loud"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>loud</ets>.]</ety> <def>With a loud voice,

or great noise; loudly; audibly.</def>



<q>Cry <qex>aloud</qex>, spare not, lift up thy voice.</q>

<qau>Isa. lviii. 1.</qau>



<hw>A*low"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <def>Below; in a lower

part.</def> \'bdAloft, and then <xex>alow</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Alp</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.

<ets>alp</ets> a high mountain, Ir. <ets>ailp</ets> any huge mass

or lump: cf. F. <ets>Alpes</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A very

high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of

mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of

Switzerland, etc.</def>



<q>Nor breath of vernal air from snowy <qex>alp</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Hills peep o'er hills, and <qex>alps</qex> on <qex>alps</qex>

arise.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard

to be surmounted.</def>



<note><hand/ The plural form <xex>Alps</xex> is sometimes used as

a singular. \'bdThe <xex>Alps</xex> doth spit.\'b8</note>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Alp</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bullfinch.</def>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Al*pac"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>alpaca</ets>, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal.

Cf. <er>Paco</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An animal of Peru <spn>(Lama paco)</spn>, having long, fine,

wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the

llama.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wool of the alpaca.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of

the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.</def>



<hw>Al"pen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to the Alps.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>Alpen</xex>

snow.\'b8



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al"pen*stock`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.;

<ets>Alp</ets>, gen. pl. <ets>Alpen + stock</ets> stick.]</ety>

<def>A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the

Alps.</def>



<au>Cheever.</au>



<hw>Al*pes"trine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Alpestris</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the Alps, or

other high mountains; <as>as, <ex>Alpestrine</ex> diseases,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Al"pha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alpha</ets>, Gr. <grk>'a`lfa</grk>, from Heb.

<ets>\'beleph</ets>, name of the first letter in the alphabet,

also meaning <ets>ox</ets>.]</ety> <def>The first letter in the

Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the

<xex>beginning</xex>.</def>



<q>In am <qex>Alpha</qex> and Omega, the beginning and the end,

the first and the last.</q>

<qau>Rev. xxii. 13.</qau>



<note>Formerly used also denote the <it>chief</it>; as, Plato was

the <xex>alpha</xex> of the wits.</note>



<note><hand/ In cataloguing stars, the brightest star of a

constellation in designated by Alpha (<alpha/); as, <alpha/

Lyr\'91.</note>



<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alphabetum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, the first two Greek

letters; Heb. <ets>\'beleph</ets> and <ets>beth</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>alphabet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The letters of a

language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters

or signs which form the elements of written language.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The simplest rudiments; elements.</def>



<q>The very <qex>alphabet</qex> of our law.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Deaf and dumb alphabet</col>. <cd>See

<er>Dactylology</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"pha*bet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To designate by the

letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian.</def>



<au>Abp. Sancroft.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al`pha*bet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>alphab\'82tique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order

of, the letters of the alphabet; <as>as, <ex>alphabetic</ex>

characters, writing, languages, arrangement</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Literal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Alphabetical</xex> servility.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.</def>



<hw>Al`pha*bet"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of representing spoken sounds by letters.</def>



<hw>Al"pha*bet*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Al"pha*bet*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To arrange alphabetically; <as>as, to

<ex>alphabetize</ex> a list of words</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with an alphabet.</def>



<hw>Al-phit"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ barley meal + -<ets>mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>alphitomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

barley meal.</def>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<-- p. 44 -->



<hw>Al*phon"sine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile

(1252-1284).</def>



<cs><col>Alphonsine tables</col>, <cd>astronomical tables

prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise.</cd></cs>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>Al"pi*gene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Alpes</ets> Alps + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Growing in

Alpine regions.</def>



<hw>Al"pine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Alpinus</ets>, fr. <ets>Alpes</ets> the Alps: cf. F.

<ets>Alpin</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Alps, or to any lofty mountain; <as>as, <ex>Alpine</ex> snows;

<ex>Alpine</ex> plants.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like the Alps; lofty.</def> \'bdGazing up an

<xex>Alpine</xex> height.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Al"pin*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A climber of

the Alps.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"pist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"pi*a</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.: cf. Sp. & Pg.

<ets>alpiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>The seed of canary grass

<spn>(Phalaris Canariensis)</spn>, used for feeding cage

birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"qui*fou</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Equiv.

to <ets>arquifoux</ets>, F. <ets>alquifoux</ets>, Sp.

<ets>alquif\'a2l</ets>, fr. the same Arabic word as

<ets>alcohol</ets>. See <er>Alcohol</er>.]</ety> <def>A lead ore

found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green

glaze to their wares; potter's ore.</def>



<hw>Al*read"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets> (OE. <ets>al</ets>) +

<ets>ready</ets>.]</ety> <def>Prior to some specified time,

either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.</def>

\'bdJoseph was in Egypt <xex>already</xex>.\'b8



<au>Exod. i. 5.</au>



<q>I say unto you, that Elias is come <qex>already</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. xvii. 12.</qau>



<note><hand/ It has reference to past time, but may be used for a

future past; as, when you shall arrive, the business will be

<xex>already</xex> completed, or will have been

<xex>already</xex> completed.</note>



<hw>Als</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Also.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>As.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Alsatia.</def>



<hw>Al*sa"tian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inhabitant of Alsatia

or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of

debtors and criminals) in London.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al` se"gno</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[It., to the mark or

sign.]</ety><fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction for the performer

to return and recommence from the sign <?/.</def>



<hw>Al"sike</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Alsike</ets>, in Sweden.]</ety> <def>A species of clover

with pinkish or white flowers; <spn>Trifolium

hybridum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Al"so</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>so</ets>. OE. <ets>al so</ets>, AS.

<ets>ealsw\'be</ets>, <ets>alsw<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91lsw\'91</ets>;

<ets>eal</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, <ets>\'91l</ets>, all +

<ets>sw\'be</ets> so. See <er>All</er>, <er>So</er>,

<er>As</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In like manner;

likewise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In addition; besides; as well; further;

too.</def>



<q>Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your

treasure is, there will your heart be <qex>also</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 20.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Even as; as; so.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Also</er>, <er>Likewise</er>,

<er>Too</er>.</syn> <usage> These words are used by way of

<xex>transition</xex>, in leaving one thought and passing to

another. <xex>Also</xex> is the widest term. It denotes that what

follows is <xex>all so</xex>, or entirely like that which

preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, \'bdIf you

were there, I was there <xex>also</xex>;\'b8 \'bdIf our situation

has some discomforts, it has <xex>also</xex> many sources of

enjoyment.\'b8  <xex>Too</xex> is simply less formal and pointed

than <xex>also</xex>; it marks the transition with a lighter

touch; as, \'bdI was there <xex>too</xex>;\'b8 \'bda courtier yet

a patriot <xex>too</xex>.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. <xex>Likewise</xex>

denotes literally \'bdin like manner,\'b8 and hence has been

thought by some to be more specific than <xex>also</xex>. \'bdIt

implies,\'b8 says Whately, \'bdsome connection or agreement

between the words it unites. We may say, \'bf He is a poet, and

<xex>likewise</xex> a musician; ' but we should not say, \'bf He

is a <xex>prince</xex>, and <xex>likewise</xex> a musician,'

because there is no natural connection between these

qualities.\'b8 This distinction, however, is often

disregarded.</usage>



<hw>Alt</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Alto</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The higher part of

the scale. See <er>Alto</er>.</def>



<cs><col>To be in alt</col>, <cd>to be in an exalted state of

mind.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Al*ta"ian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al*ta"ic</hw></mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alta\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.</def>



<hw>Al"tar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alter</ets>, <ets>auter</ets>, <ets>autier</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>altare</ets>, pl. <ets>altaria</ets>, altar, prob. fr.

<ets>altus</ets> high: cf. OF. <ets>alter</ets>,

<ets>autier</ets>, F. <ets>autel</ets>. Cf.

<er>Altitude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A raised structure (as

a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices

are offered or incense burned to a deity.</def>



<q>Noah builded an <qex>altar</qex> unto the Lord.</q>

<qau>Gen. viii. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the Christian church, a construction of

stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy

Eucharist; the communion table.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Altar</xex> is much used adjectively, or as the

first part of a compound; as, <xex>altar</xex> bread or

<xex>altar</xex>-bread.</note>



<cs><col>Altar cloth or</col> <cd>Altar-cloth</col>, the cover

for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly

embroidered.</cd> -- <col>Altar cushion</col>, <cd>a cushion laid

upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service

book.</cd> -- <col>Altar frontal</col>.<cd> See

<er>Frontal</er>.</cd> -- <col>Altar rail</col>,<cd> the railing

in front of the altar or communion table.</cd> -- <col>Altar

screen</col>,<cd> a wall or partition built behind an altar to

protect it from approach in the rear.</cd> -- <col>Altar

tomb</col>,<cd> a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc.</cd> --

<col>Family altar</col>,<cd> place of family devotions.</cd> --

<col>To lead (as a bride) to the altar</col>, <cd>to marry; --

said of a woman.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"tar*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>auterage</ets>, <ets>autelage</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The profit which accrues to the priest, by

reason of the altar, from the small tithes.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Al"tar*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>altarista</ets>, F. <ets>altariste</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old

Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A chaplain.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A vicar of a church.</def>



<hw>Al"tar*piece`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar;

reredos.</def>



<hw>Al"tar*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church

with its ends towards the north and south.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Alt*az"i*muth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets>tude + <ets>azimuth</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument for taking azimuths and

altitudes simultaneously.</def>



<hw>Al"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Altered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Altering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>alt\'82rer</ets>,

LL. <ets>alterare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> other,

<ets>alius</ets> other. Cf. <er>Else</er>, <er>Other</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make otherwise; to change in some respect,

either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify.</def>  \'bdTo

<xex>alter</xex> the king's course.\'b8  \'bdTo <xex>alter</xex>

the condition of a man.\'b8  \'bdNo power in Venice can

<xex>alter</xex> a decree.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>It gilds all objects, but it <qex>alters</qex> none.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>My covenant will I not break, nor <qex>alter</qex> the thing

that is gone out of my lips.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxix. 34.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To agitate; to affect mentally.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To geld.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Change</er>, <er>Alter</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Change</xex> is generic and the stronger term. It may

express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in

place of another; <xex>alter</xex> commonly expresses a partial

change, or a change in form or details without destroying

identity.</usage>



<hw>Al"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become, in some

respects, different; to vary; to change; <as>as, the weather

<ex>alters</ex> almost daily; rocks or minerals <ex>alter</ex> by

exposure.</as></def> \'bdThe law of the Medes and Persians, which

<xex>altereth</xex> not.\'b8



<au>Dan. vi. 8.</au>



<hw>Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>alt\'82rabilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of

being alterable; alterableness.</def>



<hw>Al"ter*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alt\'82rable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

altered.</def>



<q>Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain,

<qex>alterable</qex> by a thousand accidents.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<hw>Al"ter*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being alterable; variableness; alterability.</def>



<hw>Al"ter*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an alterable

manner.</def>



<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alterans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F.

<ets>alt\'82rant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altering; gradually

changing.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Al"ter*ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An alterative.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Al`ter*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alt\'82ration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

altering or making different.</def>



<q><qex>Alteration</qex>, though it be from worse to better, hath

in it incoveniences.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being altered; a change made in the

form or nature of a thing; changed condition.</def>



<q>Ere long might perceive

Strange <qex>alteration</qex> in me.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who

had been slaves; by which, and succeeding <qex>alterations</qex>,

that council degenerated into a most corrupt.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alterativus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alt\'82ratif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Causing ateration.</def> Specifically: <def>Gradually

changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions

into one of health.</def>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Al"ter*a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine or

treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy

functions without sensible evacuations.</def>



<hw>Al"ter*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Altercated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Altercating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>altercatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>altercare</ets>,

<ets>altercari</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another. See

<er>Alter</er>.]</ety> <def>The contend in words; to dispute with

zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.</def>



<hw>Al`ter*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>altercation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>altercatio</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or

anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest.</def> \'bdStormy

<xex>altercations</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Altercation</er>, <er>Dispute</er>,

<er>Wrangle</er>.</syn> <usage> The term <xex>dispute</xex> is in

most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest;

<as>as, a <ex>dispute</ex> on the lawfulness of war</as>. An

<xex>altercation</xex> is an angry dispute between two parties,

involving an interchange of severe language. A <xex>wrangle</xex>

is a confused and noisy altercation.</usage>



<q>Their whole life was little else than a perpetual

<qex>wrangling</qex> and <qex>altercation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hakewill.</qau>



<hw>Al"ter*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by wrangling; scolding.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<hw>Al*ter"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alt\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state or quality of

being other; a being otherwise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>For outness is but the feeling of otherness

(<qex>alterity</qex>) rendered intuitive, or <qex>alterity</qex>

visually represented.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Al"tern</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alternus</ets>, fr. <ets>alter</ets> another: cf. F.

<ets>alterne</ets>.]</ety> <def>Acting by turns; alternate.</def>



<au>Milton.</cd></au>



<cs><col>Altern base</col> <fld>(Trig.)</fld>, <cd>a second side

made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as

base.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*ter"na*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Alternateness; alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Al*ter"nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alternans</ets>, p. pr.: cf. F. <ets>alternant</ets>. See

<er>Alternate</er>, <ets>v. t</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.</def>



<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternate</ets>, fr.

<ets>alternus</ets>. See <er>Altern</er>, <er>Alter</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Being or succeeding by turns; one following the

other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then

the other; hence, reciprocal.</def>



<q>And bid <qex>alternate</qex> passions fall and rise.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Designating the members in a series, which

regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the

odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second;

<as>as, the <ex>alternate</ex> members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.</as> ;

read every <xex>alternate</xex> line.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Distributed, as leaves, singly

at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as

respects angular divergence.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<cs><col>Alternate alligation</col>. <cd>See

<er>Alligation</er>.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the internal and angles made by two lines

with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD,

are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles

BGH and GHC, are called <xex>alternate angles<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Alternate generation</col>. <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*ter"nate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which alternates with something else;

vicissitude.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Grateful <qex>alternates</qex> of substantial.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A substitute; one designated to take the place

of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A proportion derived from

another proportion by interchanging the means.</def>



<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Alternated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Alternating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>alternatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>alternare</ets>. See

<er>Altern</er>.]</ety> <def>To perform by turns, or in

succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange

regularly.</def>



<q>The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life,

for sundry wise ends <qex>alternates</qex> the disposition of

good and evil.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<hw>Al"ter*nate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place

or time; -- followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, the flood and

ebb tides <ex>alternate</ex> with each other</as>.</def>



<q>Rage, shame, and grief <qex>alternate</qex> in his breast.</q>

<qau>J. Philips.</qau>



<q>Different species <qex>alternating</qex> with each other.</q>

<qau>Kirwan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To vary by turns; <as>as, the land

<ex>alternates</ex> between rocky hills and sandy

plains</as>.</def>



<hw>Al*ter"nate*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate

order.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>By alternation; when, in a

proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and

consequent.</def>



<hw>Al*ter"nate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being alternate, or of following by turns.</def>



<hw>Al`ter*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alternatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>alternation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The reciprocal succession of things in time or

place; the act of following and being followed by turns;

alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; <as>as, the

<ex>alternation</ex> of day and night, cold and heat, summer and

winter, hope and fear</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Permutation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The response of the congregation speaking

alternately with the minister.</def>



<au>Mason.</au>



<cs><col>Alternation of generation</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Generation</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alternatif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Offering a choice

of two things.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disjunctive; <as>as, an <ex>alternative</ex>

conjunction</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Alternate; reciprocal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Al*ter"na*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>alternative</ets>, LL. <ets>alternativa</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An offer of two things, one of which may be

chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one

is taken, the other must be left.</def>



<q>There is something else than the mere <qex>alternative</qex>

of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Either of two things or propositions offered to

one's choice. Thus when <xex>two</xex> things offer a choice of

<xex>one</xex> only, the two things are called

<er>alternatives</er>.</def>



<q>Having to choose between two <qex>alternatives</qex>, safety

and war, you obstinately prefer the worse.</q>

<qau>Jowett (Thucyd. ).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The course of action or the thing offered in

place of another.</def>



<q>If this demand is refused the <qex>alternative</qex> is

war.</q>

<qau>Lewis.</qau>



<q>With no <qex>alternative</qex> but death.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A choice between more than two things; one of

several things offered to choose among.</def>



<q>My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th<?/<?/

<qex>alternatives</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gladstone.</qau>



<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of

alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two

things.</def>



<hw>Al*ter"na*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.</def>



<hw>Al*ter"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>alternitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Succession by turns;

alternation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Al*th\'91"a</hw>, <hw>\'d8Al*the"a</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[althaea, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of the

Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the

garden hollyhocks.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornamental shrub

<spn>(Hibiscus Syriacus)</spn> of the Mallow family.</def>



<hw>Al*the"ine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Asparagine.</def>



<hw>Al*tho"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos>

<def>Although.</def> <mark>[Reformed spelling]</mark>



Alt"horn`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Alt</ets> +

<ets>horn</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument of

the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often

replacing the French horn.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<hw>Al*though"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>though</ets>; OE. <ets>al

thagh</ets>.]</ety> <def>Grant all this; be it that; supposing

that; notwithstanding; though.</def>



<q><qex>Although</qex> all shall be offended, yet will no I.</q>

<qau>Mark xiv. 29.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Although</er>, <er>Though</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Although</xex>, which originally was perhaps more emphatic

than <xex>though</xex>, is now interchangeable with it in the

sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the

choice.</usage>



<hw>Al*til"o*quence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lofty

speech; pompous language.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Al*til"o*quent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altus</ets> (adv. <ets>alte</ets>) high +

<ets>loquens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<def>High-sounding; pompous in speech.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Al*tim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>altimeter</ets>; <ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>metrum</ets>,

Gr. <?/, measure: cf. F. <ets>altim\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant,

etc.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Al*tim"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>altim\'82trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of measuring

altitudes, or heights.</def>



<hw>Al*tin"car</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Tincal</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"ti*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altus</ets> high + Gr. <?/ to view.]</ety> <def>An

arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see

an object in spite of intervening objects.</def>





<-- p. 45  -->



<hw>Al*tis"o*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>sonans</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>sonare</ets> to sound.]</ety> <def>High-sounding; lofty or

pompous.</def>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>Al*tis"o*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altisonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Altisonant.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*tis"si*mo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.;

superl. of <ets>alto</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The

part or notes situated above F in alt.</def>



<hw>Al"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>altus</ets> high. Cf.

<er>Altar</er>, <er>Haughty</er>, <er>Enhance</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular

elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or

above a given level, or of one object above another; <as>as, the

<ex>altitude</ex> of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a

tree</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The elevation of a point,

or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured

by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point

and the horizon. It is either <xex>true</xex> or

<xex>apparent</xex>; <xex>true</xex> when measured from the

rational or real <xex>horizon</xex>, <xex>apparent</xex> when

from the sensible or apparent horizon.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular distance

from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel

to the base; <as>as, the <ex>altitude</ex> of a triangle,

pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Height of degree; highest point or degree.</def>



<q>He is [proud] even to the <qex>altitude</qex> of his

virtue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Height of rank or excellence; superiority.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevation of spirits; heroics;

haughty airs.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Richardson.</au>



<q>The man of law began to get into his <qex>altitude</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Meridian altitude</col>, <cd>an arc of the meridian

intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point

on the meridian. See <er>Meridian</er>, 3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to height; <as>as, <ex>altitudinal</ex>

measurements</as>.</def>



<hw>Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Al*tiv"o*lant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altivolans</ets>. See <er>Volant</er>.]</ety> <def>Flying

high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Al"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Altos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>alto</ets>

high, fr. L. <ets>altus</ets>. Cf. <er>Alt</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Formerly the part sung by the

highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the

lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and

soprano. In <xex>instrumental</xex> music it now signifies the

tenor.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An alto singer.</def>



<cs><col>Alto clef</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>the counter-tenor

clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the

middle line of the staff.</cd>



<au>Moore.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Al`to*geth"er</hw> <pr>(#)</fld></pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>altogedere</ets>; <ets>al</ets> all +

<ets>togedere</ets> together. See <er>Together</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>All together; conjointly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Altogether</qex> they wen<?/ at once.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without exception; wholly; completely.</def>



<q>Every man at his best state is <qex>altogether</qex>

vanity.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxix. 5.</qau>



<hw>Al*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>altus</ets> high + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

theodolite.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Al"to-re*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Alto-rilievo.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"to-ri*lie*vo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Alto-rilievos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>High relief; sculptured

work in which the figures project more than half their thickness;

<as>as, this figure is an <ex>alto-rilievo</ex> or in

<ex>alto-rilievo</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ When the figure stands only half out, it is called

<xex>mezzo-rilievo</xex>, <xex>demi-rilievo</xex>, or medium

relief; when its projection is less than one half,

<xex>basso-rilievo</xex>, <xex>bas-relief</xex>, or low

relief.</note>



<hw>Al"tri*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like the articles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*tri"ces</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

nourishes, pl. of <ets>altrix</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are

hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to

require the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to

<xex>pr\'91coces</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al"tru*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>altruisme</ets> (a word of Comte's), It. <ets>altrui</ets>

of or to others, fr. L. <ets>alter</ets> another.]</ety>

<def>Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the

interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to

<xex>egoism</xex> or <xex>selfishness</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Recent]</mark>



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>Al"tru*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One imbued with altruism;

-- opposed to <xex>egoist</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al`tru*is"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>altruiste</ets>, a. See <er>Altruism</er>..]</ety>

<def>Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to

<ant>egoistic</ant> or <ant>selfish</ant>.</def> <au>Bain</au>. 

-- <wordforms><wf>Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Al"u*del</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. & Sp.

<ets>aludel</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>aluth\'bel</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the pear-shaped pots open at both

ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one

into the bottom of another in succession; -- used in the process

of sublimation.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>\'d8Al"u*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., dim.

of L. <ets>ala</ets> a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

false or bastard wing. See under <er>Bastard</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the alula.</def>



<hw>Al"um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>alum</ets>, <ets>alom</ets>, OF. <ets>alum</ets>, F.

<ets>alun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>alumen</ets> alum.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double sulphate formed of aluminium and

some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has

twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.</def>



<note><hand/ Common <xex>alum</xex> is the double sulphate of

aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very

astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is

extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum

in formula.</note>



<hw>Al"um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To steep in,

or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with

alum.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*lu"men</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Alum.</def>



<hw>A*lu"mi*na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alumen</ets>, <ets>aluminis</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the earths, consisting of two

parts of aluminium and three of oxygen,

<chform>Al2O3</chform>.</def>



<note><hand/ It is the oxide of the metal aluminium, the base of

aluminous salts, a constituent of a large part of the earthy

siliceous minerals, as the feldspars, micas, scapolites, etc.,

and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it

exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the

decomposition of other aluminous minerals. In its natural state,

it is the mineral corundum.</note>

<-- obtained commercially from the mineral bauxite, mined in

large quantities. -->



<hw>A*lu`mi*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed from the hydrate of

aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.</def>



<hw>A*lu"mi*na`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <pos>a.</pos> <def>Combined

with alumina.</def>



<hw>Al"u*mine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Alumina.</def>



<au>Davy.</au>



<hw>Al`u*min"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

containing aluminium; <as>as, <ex>aluminic</ex>

phosphate</as>.</def>



<hw>A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alumen</ets> alum + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aluminif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing alum.</def>



<hw>A*lu"mi*ni*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alumen + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>pertaining the form of

alumina.</def>



<hw>Al`u*min"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alumen</ets>. See <er>Alum</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with

a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to

oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity

of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Aluminium bronze</col> or <col>gold</col></mcol>,

<cd>a pale gold-colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for

journal bearings, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*lu"mi*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

treat impregnate with alum; to alum.</def>



<hw>A*lu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aluminosus</ets>, fr.  <ets>alumen</ets> alum: cf. F.

<ets>alumineux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to or containing

alum, or alumina; <as>as, <ex>aluminous</ex> minerals,

<ex>aluminous</ex> solution</as>.</def>



<hw>A*lu"mi*num</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aluminium</er>.</def>



<hw>Al"um*ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat like

alum.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*lum"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. fem.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alumn\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu> . <ety>[L. See

<er>Alumnus</er>.]</ety> <def>A female pupil; especially, a

graduate of a school or college.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*lum"nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alumni</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>alere</ets> to nourish.]</ety> <def>A pupil; especially, a

graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.</def>



<hw>Al"um root`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A North

American herb <spn>(Heuchera Americana)</spn> of the Saxifrage

family, whose root has astringent properties.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Al"um schist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Al"um shale"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of shale

or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of

which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on

the rock.</def>



<hw>Al"um stone`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.</def>



<hw>Al"u*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Alum stone.</def>



<hw>A*lu"no*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>alun</ets> alum + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of

mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also

called <xex>feather alum</xex>, and <xex>hair salt</xex>.</def>



<hw>Al"ure</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>alure</ets>, <ets>aleure</ets>, walk, gait, fr.

<ets>aler</ets> (F. <ets>aller</ets>) to go.]</ety> <def>A walk

or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.</def>



<q>The sides of every street were covered with fresh

<qex>alures</qex> of marble.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Al"u*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alutacius</ets>, fr. <ets>aluta</ets> soft leather.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Leathery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow.</def>



<au>Brande.</au>



<hw>Al`u*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Alutaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>The tanning or dressing of

leather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Al"ve*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alvearies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>alvearium</ets>, <ets>alveare</ets>, beehive, fr.

<ets>alveus</ets> a hollow vessel, beehive, from <ets>alvus</ets>

belly, beehive.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A beehive, or something

resembling a beehive.</def>



<au>Barret.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The hollow of the external

ear.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Al"ve*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alveatus</ets> hollowed out.]</ety> <def>Formed or vaulted

like a beehive.</def>



<hw>Al"ve*o*lar</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alveolus</ets> a small hollow or cavity: cf. F.

<ets>alv\'82olaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or

sockets.</def>



<cs><col>Alveolar processes</col>, <cd>the processes of the

maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Al"ve*o*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alveolar.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Al"ve*o*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alveolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>alveolus</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.</def>



<hw>Al"ve*ole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alveolus</er>.</def>



<hw>Al*ve"o*li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alvelous + -form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form of

alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al*ve"o*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alveoli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a small hollow

or cavity, dim. of <ets>alveus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>alv\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Alveary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cell in a honeycomb.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small cavity in a coral,

shell, or fossil</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A small depression, sac, or

vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs,

the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Al"ve*us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Alvei</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>The

channel of a river.</def>



<au>Weate.</au>



<hw>Al"vine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>alvus</ets> belly: cf. F. <ets>alvin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of,

from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; <as>as,

<ex>alvine</ex> discharges; <ex>alvine</ex>

concretions.</as></def>



<hw>Al"way</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Always.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>



<q>I would not live <qex>alway</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job vii. 16.</qau>



<hw>Al"ways</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>All</ets> + <ets>way</ets>. The <it>s</it> is an

adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At

all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually;

<as>as, God is <ex>always</ex> the same</as>.</def>



<q>Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constancy during a certain period, or regularly

at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to

<xex>sometimes</xex> or <xex>occasionally</xex>.</def>



<q>He <qex>always</qex> rides a black galloway.</q>

<qau>Bulwer.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*lys"sum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/, name of a plant, perh. fr. <?/ priv. + <?/ raging

madness.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of cruciferous

plants; madwort. The <xex>sweet alyssum</xex> <spn>(A.

maritimum)</spn>, cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white,

sweet-scented flowers.</def>



<hw>Am</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[AS. <ets>am</ets>,

<ets>eom</ets>, akin to Gothic <ets>im</ets>, Icel.

<ets>em</ets>, Olr. <ets>am</ets>, Lith. <ets>esmi</ets>, L.

<ets>sum</ets>., Gr. <?/, Zend <ets>ahmi</ets>, Skr.

<ets>asmi</ets>, fr. a root <ets>as</ets> to be. <?/. See

<er>Are</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>, <er>Was</er>.]</ety> <def>The

first person singular of the verb <xex>be</xex>, in the

indicative mode, present tense. See <er>Be</er>.</def>



<q>God said unto Moses, I <qex>am</qex> that <qex>am</qex>.</q>

<qau>Exod. iii. 14.</qau>



<hw>Am`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amabilitas</ets>.]</ety> <def>Lovableness.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<note><hand/ The New English Dictionary (Murray) says this word

is \'bdusefully distinct from <xex>Amiability</xex>.\'b8</note>



<hw>Am`a*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

together + <?/ power.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld>

<def>Amasthenic.</def>



<au>Sir J. Herschel.</au>



<hw>\'d8Am`a*da*vat"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Indian name. From <ets>Ahmedabad</ets>, a city from which

it was imported to Europe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird <spn>(Estrelda

amandava)</spn>, commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female

is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called

also <altname>red waxbill</altname>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>amaduvad</asp> and <asp>avadavat</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Am"a*dou</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amadou</ets> tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr.

<ets>amadouer</ets> to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel.

<ets>mata</ets> to feed, which is akin to E.

<ets>meat</ets>.]</ety> <def>A spongy, combustible substance,

prepared from fungus (<spn>Boletus</spn> and

<spn>Polyporus</spn>) which grows on old trees; German tinder;

punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its

common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by

soaking it in a strong solution of niter.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>A*main"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>main</ets>. See 2d <er>Main</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With might; with full

force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.</def>



<q>They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving

the fewness of their enemies, came down <qex>amain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts

<qex>amain</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Parker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At full speed; in great haste; also, at

once.</def> \'bdThey fled <xex>amain</xex>.\'b8



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>A*main"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>amener</ets>.

See <er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To lower,

as a sail, a yard, etc.</def>



<hw>A*main"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To

lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.</def>



<hw>A*mal"gam</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amalgame</ets>, prob. fr. L. <ets>malagma</ets>, Gr. <?/,

emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. <?/ to make soft, fr. <?/

soft.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An alloy of mercury with another

metal or metals; <as>as, an <ex>amalgam</ex> of tin, bismuth,

etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ Medalists apply the term to soft alloys

generally.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mixture or compound of different things.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A native compound of mercury

and silver.</def>



<hw>A*mal"gam</hw>, <pos>v. t. <?/ i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amalgamer</ets>]</ety> <def>To amalgamate.</def>



<au>Boyle. B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*mal"ga*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Amalgam</er>.</def>



<q>They divided this their <qex>amalgama</qex> into a number of

incoherent republics.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amalgamated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Amalgamating</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another

metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to

unite or combine; <as>as, to <ex>amalgamate</ex> two races; to

<ex>amalgamate</ex> one race with another.</as></def>



<q>Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted

and <qex>amalgamated</qex> into one.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as

quicksilver.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine

into a uniform whole; to blend; <as>as, two organs or parts

<ex>amalgamate</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*mal"ga*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*mal"ga*ma`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Coalesced; united; combined.</def>



<hw>A*mal`ga*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>amalgamation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied

particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from

their ores by mixing them with mercury.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The mixing or blending of different elements,

races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or

blending; a homogeneous union.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>A*mal"ga*ma*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by amalgamation.</def>



<hw>A*mal"ga*ma`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for

separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them

in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an

amalgam.</def>



<hw>A*mal"ga*mize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

amalgamate.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*man"dine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amande</ets> almond. See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The vegetable casein of almonds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for

chapped hands, etc.</def>



<hw>A*man"i*tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

sort of fungus.]</ety> <def>The poisonous principle of some

fungi.</def>



<hw>A*man`u*en"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amanuenses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety>

<def>A person whose employment is to write what another dictates,

or to copy what another has written.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*mar"a*cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A fragrant flower.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Am"a*rant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Amaranth,

1.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Am`a*ran*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the

family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.</def>



<hw>Am"a*ranth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amarantus</ets>, Gr. <?/, unfading, amaranth; <?/ priv. +

<?/ to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin

to E. <ets>mortal</ets>; -- so called because its flowers do not

soon wither: cf. F. <ets>amarante</ets>. The spelling with

<ets>th</ets> seems to be due to confusion with Gr. <?/

flower.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An imaginary flower supposed

never to fade.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ornamental annual

plants <spn>(Amaranthus)</spn> of many species, with green,

purplish, or crimson flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A color inclining to purple.</def>



<hw>Am`a*ran"thine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to amaranth.</def>

\'bd<xex>Amaranthine</xex> bowers.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<-- p. 46 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.</def>



<q>They only <qex>amaranthine</qex> flower on earth

Is virtue.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of a purplish color.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`a*ran"thus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8

<hw>Am`a*ran"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Amaranth</er>.</def>



<hw>Am"a*rine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amarus</ets> bitter.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter

almonds.</def>



<hw>A*mar"i*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amaritudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amarus</ets> bitter: cf. OF.

<ets>amaritude</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bitterness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order

of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the

ovary below the <?/etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members

of this family.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`a*ryl"lis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Amaryllis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, the name of a country girl in

Theocritus and Virgil.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pastoral

sweetheart.</def>



<q>To sport with <qex>Amaryllis</qex> in the shade.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A family of

plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus,

jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.</def>



<hw>A*mass"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amassed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Amassing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambusher</ets>, LL.

amassare; L. <ets>ad + massa</ets> lump, mass. See

<er>Mass</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into a mass or heap; to

gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; <as>as, to

<ex>amass</ex> a treasure or a fortune; to <ex>amass</ex> words

or phrases.</as></def>



<q>The life Homer has been written by <qex>amassing</qex> all the

traditions and hints the writers could meet with.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.</syn>



<hw>A*mass"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>amasse</ets>, fr.

<ets>ambusher</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mass; a heap.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>A*mass"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being amassed.</def>



<hw>A*mass"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

amasses.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`mas`sette"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

See <er>Amass</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument of horn used for

collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of

grinding.</def>



<hw>A*mass"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>amassement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An amassing; a heap collected;

a large quantity or number brought together; an

accumulation.</def>



<q>An <qex>amassment</qex> of imaginary conceptions.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<hw>Am`as*then"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

together + <?/ force.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>Uniting

the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of

lens; amacratic.</def>



<hw>A*mate"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amater</ets>, <ets>amatir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dismay; to

dishearten; to daunt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>The Silures, to <qex>amate</qex> the new general, rumored the

overthrow greater than was true.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*mate"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To be a mate to; to match.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Am`a*teur"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>amator</ets> lover, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety>

<def>A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science

as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or

art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it

professionally.</def>



<hw>Am`a*teur"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In the style of an

amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an

amateur.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Am`a*teur"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></def></wordforms>



<hw>Am"a*teur*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice, habit, or work of an amateur.</def>



<hw>Am"a*teur`ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

character of an amateur.</def>



<hw>Am"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety>

<def>Full of love; amatory.</def>



<hw>Am"a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Phren.)</fld>

<def>The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity

to love.</def>



<au>Combe.</au>



<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Amatorious</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a lover or

to love making; amatory; <as>as, <ex>amatorial</ex>

verses</as>.</def>



<hw>Am`a*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an amatorial

manner.</def>



<hw>Am`a*to"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Am`a*to"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety>

<def>Amatory.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Amatorious</xex>

poem.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Am"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; <as>as,

<ex>amatory</ex> potions</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`au*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ dark, dim.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A loss or

decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without

any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called also

<altname>gutta serena</altname>, the \'bd<altname>drop

serene</altname>\'b8 of Milton.</def>



<hw>Am`au*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected

with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.</def>



<hw>A*maze"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amazed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Amazing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>maze</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A labyrinth to <qex>amaze</qex> his foes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme

surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish

greatly.</def> \'bd<xex>Amazing</xex> Europe with her wit.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<q>And all the people were <qex>amazed</qex>, and said, Is not

this the son of David?</q>

<qau>Matt. xii. 23.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex;

surprise.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Amaze</er>, <er>Astonish</er>.

<xex>Amazement</xex> includes the notion of bewilderment of

difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which

one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we

are <xex>amazed</xex> at what we can not in the least account

for. <xex>Astonishment</xex> also implies surprise. It expresses

a state in which one is <xex>stunned</xex> by the vastness or

greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as

when one is overpowered by the <?/normity of an act, etc.</usage>



<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be astounded.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>B. Taylor.</au>



<hw>A*maze"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Bewilderment, arising

from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement.</def> <mark>[Chiefly

poetic]</mark>



<q>The wild, bewildered

Of one to stone converted by <qex>amaze</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>A*maz"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

amazement; with confusion or astonishment.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*maz"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>A*maze"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

amazement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*maze"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The condition of being amazed; bewilderment

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise,

sudden fear, horror, or admiration.</def>



<q>His words impression left

Of much <qex>amazement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Frenzy; madness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Webster (1661).</au>



<hw>A*maz"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

amazement; very wonderful; <as>as, <ex>amazing</ex>

grace</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*maz"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Am"a*zon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a fabulous race of female

warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name numerous species of

South American parrots of the genus <spn>Chrysotis</spn></def>



<cs><col>Amazon ant</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

ant <spn>(Polyergus rufescens)</spn>, of Europe and America. They

seize by conquest the larv\'91 and nymphs other species and make

slaves of them in their own nests.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am`a*zo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners;

warlike.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South

America, or to its valley.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am"a*zon*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am"a*zon

stone`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the river <ets>Amazon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.</def>



<mhw><hw>Amb-</hw>, <hw>Am*bi-</hw></mhw>. <ety>[L. prefix

<ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, Skr.

<ets>abhi</ets>, AS. <ets>embe</ets>, <ets>emb</ets>, OHG.

<ets>umbi</ets>, <ets>umpi</ets>, G. <ets>um</ets>, and also L.

<ets>ambo</ets> both. Cf. <er>Amphi-</er>, <er>Both</er>,

<er>By</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <xex>about</xex>,

<xex>around</xex>; -- used in words derived from the Latin.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*ba"ges</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

(usually in pl.); pref. <ets>ambi-</ets>, <ets>amb-</ets> +

<ets>agere</ets> to drive: cf. F. <ets>ambage</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding;

quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.</def>



<q>After many <qex>ambages</qex>, perspicuously define what this

melancholy is.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<hw>Am*bag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*ba"gious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambagiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Circumlocutory;

circuitous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*bag"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ambagious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Am"bas*sade</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Em"bas*sade</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <pos>ambassade.</pos>

See <er>Embassy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The mission of an

ambassador.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carew.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An embassy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Strype.</au>



<mhw><hw>Am*bas"sa*dor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Em*bas"sa*dor</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Embassador</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A minister of the

highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his

sovereign or country.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Ambassador</xex> are either <xex>ordinary</xex>

[or <xex>resident</xex>] or <xex>extraordinary</xex>, that is,

sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.</note>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An official messenger and representative.</def>



<hw>Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to an ambassador.</def>



<au>H. Walpole.</au>



<hw>Am*bas`sa*dor*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state, office, or functions of an ambassador.</def>



<hw>Am*bas"sa*dress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<hw>Am"bas*sage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Embassage</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<au>Luke xiv. 32.</au>



<hw>Am"bas*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Embassy</er>, the usual spelling.</def>



<au>Helps.</au>



<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>aumbre</ets>, F.

<ets>ambre</ets>, Sp. <ets>\'a0mbar</ets>, and with the Ar.

article, <ets>al\'a0mbar</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>'anbar</ets>

ambergris.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A yellowish

translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial

soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places.

It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads,

etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes

strongly electric.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear

light yellow; <as>as, the <ex>amber</ex> of the sky</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ambergris.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You that smell of <qex>amber</qex> at my charge.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The balsam, liquidambar.</def>



<cs><col>Black amber</col>, <cd>and old and popular name for

<xex>jet<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of

amber; made of amber.</def>   \'bd<xex>Amber</xex> bracelets.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling amber, especially in color;

amber-colored.</def>   \'bdThe <xex>amber</xex> morn.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Am"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>p. p. & p.

a.</pos> <er>Ambered</er> .]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

scent or flavor with ambergris; <as>as, <ex>ambered</ex>

wine</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To preserve in amber; <as>as, an

<ex>ambered</ex> fly</as>.</def>



<hw>Am"ber fish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fish of the southern Atlantic coast <spn>(Seriola

Carolinensis.)</spn></def>



<hw>Am"ber*grease</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ambergris</er>.</def>



<hw>Am"ber*gris</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ambre gris</ets>, i. e., gray amber; F. <ets>gris</ets>

gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. <ets>gr\'8cs</ets>, G.

<ets>greis</ets>, gray-haired. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety> <def>A

substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian

Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid

secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale <spn>(Physeter

macrocephalus)</spn>, which is believed to be in all cases its

true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black,

and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are

sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in

weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212<deg/

Fahrenheit, and is highly valued in perfumery.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Am"ber seed`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>Seed of the

<spn>Hibiscus abelmoschus</spn>, somewhat resembling millet,

brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like

that of musk; musk seed.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Am"ber tree`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A species of

<spn>Anthospermum</spn>, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which,

when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.</def>



<hw>Ambes"-as</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Ambs-ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Am"bi*dex"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL., fr.

L. <ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>dexter</ets> right,

<ets>dextra</ets> (sc. <ets>manus</ets>) the right hand.]</ety>

<def>Using both hands with equal ease.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<hw>Am`bi*dex"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person

who uses both hands with equal facility.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act

on either side in party disputes.</def>



<q>The rest are hypocrites, <qex>ambidexters</qex>, so many

turning pictures -- a lion on one side, a lamb on the other.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A juror who takes money from

both parties for giving his verdict.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being ambidex<?/rous; the faculty

of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility;

general readiness; <as>as, <ex>ambidexterity</ex> of

argumentation</as>.</def>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<q>Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers,

as regarded speed, force, and <qex>ambidexterity</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Double-dealing</def>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

juror's taking of money from the both parties for a

verdict.</def>



<hw>Am`bi*dex"tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand

side.</def>



<au>Earle.</au>



<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal

ease.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Practicing or siding with both parties.</def>



<q>All false, shuffling, and <qex>ambidextrous</qex>

dealings.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Am"bi*dex"trous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

ambidextrous manner; cunningly.</def>



<hw>Am`bi*dex"trous*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.</def>



<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambire</ets> to go around;

<ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>ire</ets> to go.]</ety> <def>Encompassing

on all sides; circumfused; investing.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Ambient</xex> air.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

\'bd<xex>Ambient</xex> clouds.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.



<hw>Am"bi*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something that surrounds

or invests; <as>as, air</as> . . . being a perpetual

<xex>ambient</xex>.</def>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Am*big"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>genus</ets> kind.]</ety> <def>Of two

kinds.</def> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Partaking of two natures, as

the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface

is calycine, and the inner petaloid.</def>



<hw>Am"bi*gu</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>ambigu</ets> doubtful, L. <ets>ambiquus</ets>. See

<er>Ambiguous</er>.]</ety> <def>An entertainment at which a

medley of dishes is set on at the same time.</def>



<hw>Am`bi*gu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ambiguities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>ambiguitas</ets>, fr. <ets>ambiguus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ambiguit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality or state of

being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to

the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more

than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression.</def>



<q>No shadow of <qex>ambiguity</qex> can rest upon the course to

be pursued.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>The words are of single signification, without any

<qex>ambiguity</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Am*big"u*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>ambigere</ets> to wander about,

waver; <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>agere</ets> to drive.]</ety>

<def>Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to

signification; capable of being understood in either of two or

more possible senses; equivocal; <as>as, an <ex>ambiguous</ex>

course; an <ex>ambiguous</ex> expression.</as></def>



<q>What have been thy answers? What but dark,

<qex>Ambiguous</qex>, and with double sense deluding?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct;

indeterminate; indefinite. See <er>Equivocal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an ambiguous

manner; with doubtful meaning.</def>



<hw>Am*big"u*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ambiguity.</def>



<hw>Am`bi*le"vous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>laevus</ets> left.]</ety>

<def>Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to

<xex>ambidexter</xex>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Am*bil"o*quy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Doubtful

or ambiguous language.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Am*bip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambo</ets> both + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by containing the rudiments

of both flowers and leaves; -- applied to a bud.</def>



<hw>Am"bit</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambitus</ets> circuit, fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go around.

See <er>Ambient</er>.]</ety> <def>Circuit or compass.</def>



<q>His great parts did not live within a small

<qex>ambit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milward.</qau>



<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ambition</ets>, L. <ets>ambitio</ets> a going around,

especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes

(hence, desire for office or honor<?/ fr. <ets>ambire</ets> to go

around. See <er>Ambient</er>, <er>Issue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or

any other object of desire; canvassing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>[I] used no <qex>ambition</qex> to commend my deeds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire

for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of

something.</def>



<q>Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way <qex>ambition</qex>:

By that sin fell the angels.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The pitiful <qex>ambition</qex> of possessing five or six

thousand more acres.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Am*bi"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ambitionner</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seek after ambitiously or

eagerly; to covet.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Pausanias, <qex>ambitioning</qex> the sovereignty of Greece,

bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Am*bi"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One excessively

ambitious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*bi"tion*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Devoid of

ambition.</def>



<au>Pollok.</au>



<hw>Am*bi"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambitiosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ambitieux</ets>. See

<er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Possessing, or

controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of

power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.</def>



<q>Yet Brutus says he was <qex>ambitious</qex>,

And Brutus is an honorable man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strongly desirous; -- followed by <xex>of</xex>

or the infinitive; <as>as, <ex>ambitious</ex> to be or to do

something</as>.</def>



<q>I was not <qex>ambitious of</qex> seeing this ceremony.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>Studious of song, and yet <qex>ambitious</qex> not to sing in

vain.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Springing from, characterized by, or indicating,

ambition; showy; aspiring; <as>as, an <ex>ambitious</ex>

style</as>.</def>



<q>A giant statue . . . 

Pushed by a wild and artless race,

From off wide, <qex>ambitious</qex> base.</q>

<qau>Collins.</qau>



<hw>Am*bi"tious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an ambitious

manner.</def>



<-- p. 47  -->



<hw>Am*bi"tious*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am"bi*tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Ambit</er>, <er>Ambition</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or

the outline of a bivalve shell.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A canvassing for

votes.</def>



<hw>Am"ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ambled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ambling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>ambler</ets> to amble,

fr. L. <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr.

<ets>amb-</ets>, <ets>ambi-</ets>, and a root meaning <ets>to

go</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to go, E. <ets>base</ets>. Cf.

<er>Ambulate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go at the easy gait

called an amble; -- applied to the horse or to its rider.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go

easily or without hard shocks.</def>



<q>The skipping king, he <qex>ambled</qex> up and down.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Sir, your wit <qex>ambles</qex> well; it goes easily.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Am"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A peculiar gait

of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the

same time, alternating with the legs on the other side.</def>

\'bdA fine easy <xex>amble</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A movement like the amble of a horse.</def>



<hw>Am"bler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse or a

person that ambles.</def>



<hw>Am"bling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With an ambling

gait.</def>



<hw>Am*blot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, fr. <?/  an abortion.]</ety> <def>Tending to cause

abortion.</def>



<hw>Am"bly*gon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

obtuse + <?/ angle: cf. F. <ets>amblygone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and

obtuse-angled triangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am*blyg"o*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Obtuse-angled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hutton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Am`bly*o"pi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am"bly*o`py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ blunt, dim + <?/ eye: cf. F.

<ets>amblyopie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Weakness of

sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of

the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.</def>



<hw>Am"bly*op"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to amblyopy.</def>



<au>Quain.</au>



<hw>\'d8Am*blyp"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ blunt + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A group of large, extinct, herbivorous

mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United

States.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am"bo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ambos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>ambo</ets>,

Gr. <?/, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F.

<ets>ambon</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large pulpit or reading desk, in

the early Christian churches.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>\'d8Am"bon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ambo</er>.</def>



<hw>Am*boy"na wood</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A beautiful mottled

and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the

<spn>Pterocarpus Indicus</spn> of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.</def>



<hw>Am"bre*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by the combination of

ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.</def>



<hw>Am*bre"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid

produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.</def>



<hw>Am"bre*in</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ambr\'82ine</ets>. See <er>Amber</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A fragrant substance which is the chief

constituent of ambergris.</def>



<hw>Am"brite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>amber</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fossil resin occurring in large

masses in New Zealand.</def>



<hw>Am"brose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See <er>Ambrosia</er>, 3.</def>



<au>Turner.</au>



<hw>Am*bro"sia</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambrosia</ets>, Gr. <?/, properly fem. of <?/, fr. <?/

immortal, divine; <?/ priv. + <?/ mortal (because it was supposed

to confer immortality on those who partook of it). <?/ stands for

<?/, akin to Skr. <ets>mrita</ets>, L. <ets>mortuus</ets>, dead,

and to E. <ets>mortal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fabled food of the gods

(as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon

those who partook of it.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An unguent of

the gods.</def>



<q>His dewy locks distilled <qex>ambrosia</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something

very pleasing to the taste or smell.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.),

a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds,

called <xex>ragweed</xex>, <xex>hogweed</xex>, etc.</def>



<hw>Am"bro"si*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambrosiacus</ets>:  cf. F. <ets>ambrosiaque</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>\'bd<xex>Ambrosiac</xex> odors.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Am*bro"sial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambrosius</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting

of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste

or smell; delicious.</def>  \'bd<xex>Ambrosial</xex> food.\'b8 

\'bd<xex>Ambrosial</xex> fragrance.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Divinely excellent or beautiful.</def> 

\'bdShakes his <xex>ambrosial</xex> curls.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Am*bro"sial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>After the manner of

ambrosia; delightfully.</def> \'bdSmelt

<xex>ambrosially</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ambrosial.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Am*bro"sian</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to St.

Ambrose; <as>as, the <ex>Ambrosian</ex> office, or ritual, a

formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St</as>.

Ambrose.</def>



<cs><col>Ambrosian chant</col>, <cd>the mode of signing or

chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am"bro*sin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Ambrosin</ets>us nummus.]</ety> <def>An early coin struck by

the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on

horseback.</def>



<hw>Am"bro*type</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

immortal + <ets>-type</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A

picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights

are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark

background visible through the unsilvered portions of the

glass.</def>



<hw>Am"bry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ambries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>aumbry</ets>, <ets>almery</ets>, OF. <ets>almarie</ets>,

<ets>armarie</ets>, <ets>aumaire</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>,

LL. <ets>armarium</ets> chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for

arms, fr. L. <ets>arama</ets> arms. The word has been confused

with <ets>almonry</ets>. See <er>Armory</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker

for utensils, vestments, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Almonry.</def> <mark>[<xex>Improperly so

used</xex>]</mark>



<hw>Ambs"-ace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ambesas</ets>; <ets>ambes</ets> both (fr. L.

<ets>ambo</ets>) + <ets>as</ets> ace. See <er>Ace</er>.]</ety>

<def>Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad

luck; anything of no account or value.</def>



<hw>Am`bu*la"cral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to ambulacra;

avenuelike; <as>as, the <ex>ambulacral</ex> ossicles, plates,

spines, and suckers of echinoderms</as>.</def>



<hw>Am`bu*la"cri*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ambulacrum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of ambulacra.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`bu*la"crum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ambulacra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., an alley or

covered way.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One

of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the

principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones

usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which

protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the

grooves along the under side of the rays.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>One of the suckers on the feet of mites.</def>



<hw>Am"bu*lance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ambulance</ets>, h\'93pital <ets>ambulant</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A field hospital, so

organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to

succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively;

<as>as, an <ex>ambulance</ex> wagon; <ex>ambulance</ex>

stretcher; <ex>ambulance</ex> corps.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from

the field, or to a hospital.</def>



<hw>Am"bu*lant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambulans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>ambulare</ets> to walk: cf.

F. <ets>ambulant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Walking; moving from place to

place.</def>



<au>Gayton.</au>



<hw>Am"bu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambulare</ets> to walk. See <er>Amble</er>.]</ety> <def>To

walk; to move about.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Am`bu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of walking.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Am"bu*la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Walking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am"bu*la`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who walks about; a walker.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A beetle of

the genus <spn>Lamia</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of

birds, or one of this genus.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument for measuring distances; -- called

also <altname>perambulator</altname>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Am`bu*la*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ambulatory; fitted for walking.</def>



<au>Verrill.</au>



<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambulatorius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for

walking; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> animal</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accustomed to move from place to place; not

stationary; movable; <as>as, an <ex>ambulatory</ex> court, which

exercises its jurisdiction in different places</as>.</def>



<q>The priesthood . . . before was very <qex>ambulatory</qex>,

and dispersed into all families.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a walk.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The princess of whom his majesty had an <qex>ambulatory</qex>

view in his travels.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not yet fixed legally, or

settled past alteration; alterable; <as>as, the dispositions of a

will are <ex>ambulatory</ex> until the death of the

testator</as>.</def>



<hw>Am"bu*la*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ambulatories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>ambulatorium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A place

to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a

cloister, or within a building.</def>



<hw>Am"bur*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anbury</er>.</def>



<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>embuscade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>imboscata</ets>, or Sp.

<ets>emboscada</ets>, fr. <ets>emboscar</ets> to ambush, fr. LL.

<ets>imboscare</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lying in a wood, concealed,

for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying

in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a

snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an

enemy unexpectedly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The body of troops lying in

ambush.</def>



<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Ambuscaded</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Ambuscading</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert

or lurking place; to waylay.</def>



<hw>Am`bus*cade"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lie in

ambush.</def>



<hw>Am`bus*ca"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Ambuscade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Am`bus*ca"doed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos>

<def>Posted in ambush; ambuscaded.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am"bush</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>emb\'96che</ets>, fr. the verb. See <er>Ambush</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A disposition or arrangement of

troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed

station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare.</def>



<q>Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege

Or <qex>ambush</qex> from the deep.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie

in wait to attack by surprise.</def>



<q>Bold in close <qex>ambush</qex>, base in open field.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The troops posted in a concealed place, for

attacking by surprise; liers in wait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>ambush</qex> arose quickly out of their place.</q>

<qau>Josh. viii. 19.</qau>



<cs><col>To lay an ambush</col>, <cd>to post a force in

ambush.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am"bush</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ambushed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ambushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>enbussen</ets>,

<ets>enbushen</ets>, OF. <ets>embushier</ets>,

<ets>embuissier</ets>, F. <ets>emb\'96cher</ets>,

<ets>embusquer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>imboscare</ets>; <ets>in</ets>

+ LL. <ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, a wood; akin to G.

<ets>bush</ets>, E. <ets>bush</ets>. See <er>Ambuscade</er>,

<er>Bu<?/h</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To station in ambush

with a view to surprise an enemy.</def>



<q>By <qex>ambushed</qex> men behind their temple <?/ai<?/,

We have the king of Mexico betrayed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack by ambush; to waylay.</def>



<hw>Am"bush</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lie in wait, for the

purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk.</def>



<q>Nor saw the snake that <qex>ambushed</qex> for his prey.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Am"bush*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One lying in

ambush.</def>



<hw>Am"bush*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>embuschement</ets>. See <er>Ambush</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>An ambush.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>2 Chron. xiii. 13.</au>



<hw>Am*bus"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ambustio</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A burn or

scald.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Am`e*be"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Am<?/bean</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>A*meer"</hw>, <hw>A*mir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Emir</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Emir.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan

and Scinde.</def>



<hw>Am"el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amell</ets>, OF. <ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>,

of German origin; cf. OHG. <ets>smelzi</ets>, G.

<ets>schmelz</ets>. See <er>Smelt</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Am"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>amellen</ets>,

OF. <ets>esmailler</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mailler</ets>, OF.

<ets>esmail</ets>, F. <ets>\'82mail</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

enamel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Enlightened all with stars,

And richly <qex>ameled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Am"el*corn`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ger.

<ets>amelkorn</ets>: cf. MHG. <ets>amel</ets>, <ets>amer</ets>,

spelt, and L. <ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A

variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called also

<altname>French rice</altname>.</def>



<hw>A*mel"io*ra*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being ameliorated.</def>



<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ameliorated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ameliorating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ad +

meliorare</ets> to make better: cf. F. <ets>am\'82liorer</ets>.

See <er>Meliorate</er>.]</ety> <def>To make better; to improve;

to meliorate.</def>



<q>In every human being there is a wish to <qex>ameliorate</qex>

his own condition.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>A*mel"io*rate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow better; to

meliorate; <as>as, wine <ex>ameliorates</ex> by age</as>.</def>



<hw>A*mel`io*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>am\'82lioration</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or

becoming better; improvement; melioration.</def>

\'bd<xex>Amelioration</xex> of human affairs.\'b8



<au>J. S. Mill.</au>



<hw>A*mel"io*ra*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or

improvement; <as>as, <ex>ameliorative</ex> remedies,

efforts</as>.</def>



<hw>A*mel"io*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

ameliorates.</def>



<hw>A`men"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>,

<pos>adv.</pos>, & <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>amen</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Heb. <ets>\'bem<?/n</ets> certainly, truly.]</ety> <def>An

expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, <xex>So be

it</xex>. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of

belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to

<xex>truly</xex>, <xex>verily</xex>. It is used as a noun, to

demote: <sd>(a)</sd> concurrence in belief, or in a statement;

assent; <sd>(b)</sd> the final word or act; <sd>(c)</sd> Christ

as being one who is true and faithful.</def>



<q>And let all the people say, <qex>Amen</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. cvi. 48.</qau>



<q><qex>Amen</qex>, <qex>amen</qex>, I say to thee, except a man

be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.</q>

<qau>John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.</qau>



<cs><col>To say amen to</col>, <cd>to approve warmly; to concur

in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I <xex>say Amen

to<xex> all.</cd></cs>



<hw>A`men"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To say Amen to; to

sanction fully.</def>



<hw>A*me`na*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being amenable; amenableness.</def>



<au> Coleridge.</au>



<hw>A*me"na*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amener</ets> to lead; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) =

<ets>mener</ets> to lead, fr. L. <ets>minare</ets> to drive

animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L.

<ets>minari</ets>, to threaten, <ets>minae</ets> threats. See

<er>Menace</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld>

<def>Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liable to be brought to account or punishment;

answerable; responsible; accountable; <as>as, <ex>amenable</ex>

to law</as>.</def>



<q>Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be <qex>amenable</qex> to

the divine government.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim,

etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Willing to yield or submit; responsive;

tractable.</def>



<q>Sterling . . . always was <qex>amenable</qex> enough to

counsel.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>A*me"na*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being amenable; liability to answer charges;

answerableness.</def>



<hw>A*me"na*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an amenable

manner.</def>



<hw>Am"e*nage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amesnagier</ets>. See <er>Manage</er>.]</ety> <def>To

manage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Am"e*nance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. See

<er>Amenable</er>.]</ety> <def>Behavior; bearing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*mend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amended</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Amending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>amender</ets>, L. <ets>emendare</ets>;

<ets>e</ets>(<ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>mendum</ets>,

<ets>menda</ets>, fault, akin to Skr. <ets>minda</ets> personal

defect. Cf. <er>Emend</er>, <er>Mend</er>.]</ety> <def>To change

or modify in any way for the better</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous,

faulty, and the like;</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>by supplying

deficiencies;</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>by substituting something

else in the place of what is removed; to rectify.</def>



<q>Mar not the thing that can not be <qex>amended</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or

opening for <qex>amended</qex> thought.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q>We shall cheer her sorrows, and <qex>amend</qex> her blood, by

wedding her to a Norman.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>To amend a bill</col>, <cd>to make some change in the

details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage,

professedly for its improvement.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 48  -->



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Amend</er>, <er>Emend</er>, <er>Correct</er>,

<er>Reform</er>, <er>Rectify</er>.</syn>  <usage>These words

agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state.

We <xex>correct</xex> (literally, make straight) when we conform

things to some standard or rule; as, to <xex>correct</xex> proof

sheets. We <xex>amend</xex> by removing blemishes, faults, or

errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to

<xex>amend</xex> our ways, to <xex>amend</xex> a text, the draft

of a bill, etc. <xex>Emend</xex> is only another form of

<xex>amend</xex>, and is applied chiefly to editions of books,

etc.  To <xex>reform</xex> is literally to form over again, or

put into a new and better form; as, to <xex>reform</xex> one's

life. To <xex>rectify</xex> is to make right; as, to

<xex>rectify</xex> a mistake, to <xex>rectify</xex> abuses,

inadvertencies, etc.<usage>



<hw>A*mend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow

better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to

improve.</def> \'bdMy fortune . . . <xex>amends</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>A*mend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being amended; <as>as, an <ex>amendable</ex> writ or

error</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mend"a*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*mend"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>\'d8A`mende"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Amend</er>.]</ety> <def>A pecuniary punishment or fine; a

reparation or recantation.</def>



<cs><col>Amende honorable</col><cd><pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Old French

Law)</fld> A species of infamous punishment in which the

offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a

lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court,

etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology

or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper

language or treatment.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*mend"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

amends.</def>



<hw>A*mend"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Much

improving.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*mend"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amendement</ets>, LL. <ets>amendamentum</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An alteration or change for the better;

correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by

quitting vices.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In public bodies; Any alternation made or

proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing,

substituting, or omitting.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Correction of an error in a

writ or process.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.</syn>



<hw>A*mends"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>amendes</ets>, pl. of <ets>amende</ets>. Cf.

<er>Amende</er>.]</ety> <def>Compensation for a loss or injury;

recompense; reparation.</def> <mark>[Now const. with sing.

verb.]</mark>  \'bdAn honorable <xex>amends</xex>.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Yet thus far fortune maketh us <qex>amends</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*men"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amenities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>am\'82nit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>amoenitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>amoenus</ets> pleasant.]</ety> <def>The quality of being

pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate,

manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity;

gentleness.</def>



<q>A sweetness and <qex>amenity</qex> of temper.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<q>This climate has not seduced by its <qex>amenities</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Howitt.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*men`or*rh\'d2"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ month + <?/ to flow: cf. F.

<ets>am\'82norrh\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.</def>



<hw>A*men`or*rh\'d2"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to amenorrh\'d2a.</def>



<hw>\'d8A men"sa et tho"ro</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., from

board and bed.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of divorce

which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes

a separate life of the husband and wife.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<hw>Am"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amentum</ets> thong or strap.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A species of inflorescence; a catkin.</def>



<q>The globular <qex>ament</qex> of a buttonwood.</q>

<qau>Coues.</qau>



<hw>Am`en*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>amentaceus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; <as>as,

the chestnut has an <ex>amentaceous</ex>

inflorescence</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Bearing aments;

having flowers arranged in aments; <as>as, <ex>amentaceous</ex>

plants</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*men"ti*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Imbecility; total want of

understanding.</def>



<hw>Am`en*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ament</ets>um + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Bearing catkins.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>A*men"ti*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amen</ets>tum + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Shaped like a catkin.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*men"tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amenta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>Same as

<er>Ament</er>.</def>



<hw>Am"e*nuse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amenuisier</ets>. See <er>Minute</er>.]</ety> <def>To

lessen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*merce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amerced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Amercing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>amercier</ets>,

fr. <ets>a merci</ets> at the mercy of, liable to a punishment.

See <er>Mercy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To punish by a

pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but

left to the discretion of the court; <as>as, the <ex>amerced</ex>

the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The penalty of fine may be expressed without a

preposition, or it may be introduced by <xex>in</xex>,

<xex>with</xex>, or <xex>of</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To punish, in general; to mulct.</def>



<q>Millions of spirits for his fault <qex>amerced</qex>

Of Heaven.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Shall by him be <qex>amerced</qex> with penance due.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*merce"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable to

be amerced.</def>



<hw>A*merce"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amerciment</ets>.]</ety> <def>The infliction of a penalty at

the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus

imposed. It differs from a <xex>fine</xex>,in that the latter is,

or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue

for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or

practice of affeering. [See <er>Affeer</er>.]</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ This word, in old books, is written

<xex>amerciament</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Amercement royal</col>, <cd>a penalty imposed on an

officer for a misdemeanor in his office.</cd></cs>



<au>Jacobs.</au>



<hw>A*mer"cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

amerces.</def>



<hw>A*mer"cia*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>amerciamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Amercement</er>.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Named from

<ets>Americus</ets> Vespucius.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to America; <as>as, the <ex>American</ex> continent:

<ex>American</ex> Indians</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the United States.</def>

\'bdA young officer of the <xex>American</xex> navy.\'b8



<au>Lyell.</au>



<cs><col>American ivy</col>. <cd>See <er>Virginia

creeper</er>.</cd> -- <col>American Party</col> <fld>(U. S.

Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party, about 1854, which opposed the

influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe

allegiance to a foreign power.</cd> -- <col>Native american

Party</col> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld>, <cd>a party of

principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about

1843, but soon died out.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*mer"i*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but

now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and

especially to the citizens of the United States.</def>



<q>The name <qex>American</qex> must always exalt the pride of

patriotism.</q>

<qau>Washington.</qau>



<hw>A*mer"i*can*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Attachment to the United States.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A custom peculiar to the United States or to

America; an American characteristic or idea.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A word or phrase peculiar to the United

States.</def>



<hw>A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The process of Americanizing.</def>



<hw>A*mer"i*can*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Americanizer</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Americanizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To render American; to

assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp

with American characteristics.</def>



<hw>Ames"-ace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ambs-ace</er>.</def>



<hw>Am"ess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>

<def>Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d <er>Amice</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`e*tab"o*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects

which do not undergo any metamorphosis.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Ametabolia</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*met`a*bo"li*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ unchangeable; <?/ priv. + <?/ changeable, <?/ to

change.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to

insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*met`a*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`e*tab"o*lous</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Not undergoing any metamorphosis;

<as>as, <ex>ametabolic</ex> insects</as>.</def>



<hw>A*meth"o*dist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>methodist</ets>.]</ety> <def>One without

method; a quack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am"e*thyst</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <ety>[F. <ets>ametiste</ets>,

<ets>amatiste</ets>, F. <ets>am\'82thyste</ets>, L.

<ets>amethystus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without drunkenness; as a

noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have

this power; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be drunken, <?/ strong drink,

wine. See <er>Mead</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of crystallized

quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades.

It is much used as a jeweler's stone.</def>



<cs><col>Oriental amethyst</col>, <cd>the violet-blue variety of

transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A purple color in a nobleman's

escutcheon, or coat of arms.</def>



<hw>Am`e*thys"tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amethystinus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish

violet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Composed of, or containing, amethyst.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`e*tro"pi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ irregular + <?/, <?/, eye.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any

abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Am`e*trop"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Am*har"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; <as>as, the

<ex>Amharic</ex> language is closely allied to the

Ethiopic</as>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>The Amharic

language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Am"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/ a kind of tunny.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America;

called <xex>bowfin</xex> in Lake Champlain, <xex>dogfish</xex> in

Lake Erie, and <xex>mudfish</xex> in South Carolina, etc. See

<er>Bowfin</er>.</def>



<hw>A`mi*a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of

disposition.</def>



<q>Every excellency is a degree of <qex>amiability</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A"mi*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amiable</ets>, L. <ets>amicabilis</ets> friendly, fr.

<ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. The

meaning has been influenced by F. <ets>aimable</ets>, L.

<ets>amabilis</ets> lovable, fr. <ets>amare</ets> to love. Cf.

<er>Amicable</er>, <er>Amorous</er>, <er>Amability</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lovable; lovely; pleasing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

R.]</mark>



<q>So <qex>amiable</qex> a prospect.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Herbert.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; <as>as, an

<ex>amiable</ex> temper or mood; <ex>amiable</ex>

ideas.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Possessing sweetness of disposition; having

sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to

be liked; <as>as, an <ex>amiable</ex> woman</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Done out of love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Lay an <qex>amiable</qex> siege to the honesty of this Ford's

wife.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A`mi*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

amiable; amiability.</def>



<hw>A"mi*a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an amiable

manner.</def>



<hw>Am"i*anth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Amianthus</er>.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<hw>Am`i*an"thi*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling amianthus in form.</def>



<hw>Am`i*an"thoid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Amianth</ets>us + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>amianto\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling amianthus.</def>



<hw>Am`i*an"thus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amiantus</ets>, Gr. <?/ <?/ (lit., unsoiled stone) a

greenish stone, like asbestus; <?/ priv. + <?/ to stain, to

defile; so called from its incombustibility.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky

variety of asbestus.</def>



<hw>Am"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>am</ets>monia + <ets>-ic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a

suffix; <as>as, <ex>amic</ex> acid; phosph<ex>amic</ex>

acid.</as></def>



<cs><col>Amic acid</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a class

of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Am"i*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amicabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>amicus</ets> friend, fr.

<ets>amare</ets> to love. See <er>Amiable</er>.]</ety>

<def>Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness;

after the manner of friends; peaceable; <as>as, an

<ex>amicable</ex> disposition, or arrangement</as>.</def>



<q>That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the

<qex>amicable</qex> manner in which it was managed.</q>

<qau>Prideoux.</qau>



<cs><col>Amicable action</col> <fld>(Law.)</fld>, <cd>an action

commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for

the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter

of law involved in it.</cd> <au>Bouvier</au>.  <au>Burrill</au>.

-- <col>Amicable numbers</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>two

numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot

parts of the other.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.</syn> <usage>

-- <er>Amicable</er>, <er>Friendly</er>. Neither of these words

denotes any great warmth of affection, since <xex>friendly</xex>

has by no means the same strength as its noun

<xex>friendship</xex>. It does, however, imply something of real

cordiality; while <xex>amicable</xex> supposes very little more

than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel.

Hence, we speak of <xex>amicable</xex> relations between two

countries, an <xex>amicable</xex> adjustment of difficulties.

\'bdThose who entertain <xex>friendly</xex> feelings toward each

other can live <xex>amicably</xex> together.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Am"i*ca*ble*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being amicable; amicability.</def>



<hw>Am"i*ca*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an amicable

manner.</def>



<hw>Am"ice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amyse</ets>, prob. for <ets>amyt</ets>, OF. <ets>amit</ets>,

<ets>ameit</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amictus</ets> cloak, the word being

confused with <ets>amice</ets>, <ets>almuce</ets>, a hood or

cape. See next word.]</ety> <def>A square of white linen worn at

first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by

priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.</def>



<hw>Am"ice</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>amuce</ets>,

<ets>amisse</ets>, OF. <ets>almuce</ets>, <ets>aumuce</ets>, F.

<ets>aumusse</ets>, LL. <ets>almucium</ets>, <ets>almucia</ets>,

<ets>aumucia</ets>: of unknown origin; cf. G. <ets>m\'81tze</ets>

cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. <er>Mozetta</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A hood, or cape with a hood, made of

lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also

<xex>amess</xex>, <xex>amyss</xex>, and <xex>almuce</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*mid"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>See

<er>Amidst</er>.</def>



<hw>Am"ide</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound formed by the union of

amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded

as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced

by an acid atom or radical.</def>



<cs><col>Acid amide</col>, <cd>a neutral compound formed by the

substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an

acid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Am"i*din</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amidine</ets>, fr. <ets>amido<?/</ets> starch, fr. L.

<ets>amylum</ets>, Gr. <?/ fine meal, neut. of <?/ not ground at

the mill, -- hence, of the finest meal; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/,

mill. See <er>Meal</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Start

modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn.

It is soluble in cold water.</def>



<hw>A*mi"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Amide</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing, or

derived from, amidogen.</def>



<cs><col>Amido acid</col>, <cd>an acid in which a portion of the

nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido

acids are both basic and acid.</cd> -- <col>Amido group</col>,

<cd>amidogen, <chform>NH2</chform>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*mid"o*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Amide</ets> + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical, <chform>NH2</chform>,

not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as

ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has

been removed; -- called also the <altname>amido group</altname>,

and in composition represented by the form

<xex>amido</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*mid"ships</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In the middle of a ship, with regard to

her length, and sometimes also her breadth.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*midst"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*mid"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amidde</ets>, <ets>amiddes</ets>, <ets>on midden</ets>, AS.

<ets>on middan</ets>, in the middle, fr. <ets>midde</ets> the

middle. The <ets>s</ets> is an adverbial ending, originally

marking the genitive; the <ets>t</ets> is a later addition, as in

<ets>whilst</ets>, <ets>amongst</ets>, <ets>alongst</ets>. See

<er>Mid</er>.]</ety> <def>In the midst or middle of; surrounded

or encompassed by; among.</def>   \'bdThis fair tree

<xex>amidst</xex> the garden.\'b8 \'bdUnseen <xex>amid</xex> the

throng.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Amidst</xex> thick clouds.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. \'bd<xex>Amidst</xex> acclamations.\'b8

\'bd<xex>Amidst</xex> the splendor and festivity of a court.\'b8

<au>Macaulay</au>.



<q>But rather famish them <qex>amid</qex> their plenty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Amidst</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage> These

words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from

their etymology. <xex>Amidst</xex> denotes in the

<xex>midst</xex> or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this

work was written <xex>amidst</xex> many interruptions.

<xex>Among</xex> denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct

or separable objects; as, \'bdHe fell <xex>among</xex>

thieves.\'b8 \'bdBlessed art thou <xex>among</xex> women.\'b8

Hence, we say, <xex>among</xex> the moderns, <xex>among</xex> the

ancients, <xex>among</xex> the thickest of trees,

<xex>among</xex> these considerations, <xex>among</xex> the

reasons I have to offer. <xex>Amid</xex> and <xex>amidst</xex>

are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable

objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on

<xex>amidst</xex> the storm, <xex>amidst</xex> the gloom, he was

sinking <xex>amidst</xex> the waves, he persevered

<xex>amidst</xex> many difficulties; in none of which cases could

<xex>among</xex> be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of

Abdiel, --



<q>The seraph Abdiel, faithful found;

<qex>Among</qex> the faithless faithful only he,</q>



because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the

poet adds, --



<q>From <qex>amidst</qex> them forth he passed,</q>



we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body.



<q>Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods <qex>amidst</qex>

which he was born.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>

</usage>



<hw>Am"ine</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Am</ets>monia + <ets>-ine</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of a class of strongly basic

substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more

hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.</def>



<hw>Am"i*oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the

Amioidei.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Amioidei.</def></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Am`i*oi"de*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Amia + -oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes of which

Amis is type. See <er>Bowfin</er> and <er>Ganoidei</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*mir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ameer</er>.</def>



<hw>A*miss"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>miss</ets>.]</ety> <def>Astray; faultily;

improperly; wrongly; ill.</def>



<q>What error drives our eyes and ears <qex>amiss</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask <qex>amiss</qex>.</q>

<qau>James iv. 3.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To take</col> (an act, thing)

<col>amiss</col></mcol>, <cd>to impute a wrong motive to (an act

or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; <as>as, you must

not <ex>take<ex> these questions <ex>amiss<ex></as>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 49  -->



<hw>A*miss"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wrong; faulty;

out of order; improper; <as>as, it may not be <ex>amiss</ex> to

ask advice</as>. <note>[Used only in the predicate.]</note></def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is

<qex>amiss</qex> in himself or his circumstances.</q>

<qau>Wollaston.</qau>



<hw>A*miss"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fault, wrong, or

mistake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Each toy seems prologue to some great <qex>amiss</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*mis`si*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amissibilit\'82</ets>. See <er>Amit</er>.]</ety> <def>The

quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Notions of popular rights and the <qex>amissibility</qex> of

sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the

two great religious parties of Europe.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>A*mis"si*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amissibilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amissible</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Liable to be lost.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*mis"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amissio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amission</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Deprivation; loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>A*mit"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amittere</ets>, <ets>amissum</ets>, to lose; <ets>a</ets>

(<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>mittere</ets> to send. See

<er>Missile</er>.]</ety> <def>To lose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A lodestone fired doth presently <qex>amit</qex> its proper

virtue.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Am"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>amiti\'82</ets>, OF. <ets>amisti\'82</ets>,

<ets>amist\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>amisitas</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>amicus</ets> friendly, from <ets>amare</ets> to love. See

<er>Amiable</er>.]</ety> <def>Friendship, in a general sense,

between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations;

good understanding; <as>as, a treaty of <ex>amity</ex> and

commerce; the <ex>amity</ex> of the Whigs and Tories.</as></def>



<q>To live on terms of <qex>amity</qex> with vice.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good

will; peace.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Am"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>amma</ets>, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf.

Sp. <ets>ama</ets>, G. <ets>amme</ets>, nurse, Basque

<ets>ama</ets> mother, Heb. <ets><?/m</ets>, Ar.

<ets>immun</ets>, <ets>ummun</ets>.]</ety> <def>An abbes or

spiritual mother.</def>



<hw>Am"me*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>A contraction of <xex>amperometer</xex>

or <xex>amp\'8aremeter</xex>.</def>



<hw>Am"mi*ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An obsolete

form of <xex>admiral</xex>.</def> \'bdThe mast of some great

<xex>ammiral</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Am"mite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,

sandstone, fr. <?/ or <?/ sand.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>O\'94lite or roestone; -- written also

<xex>hammite</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am"mo*dyte</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ammodytes</ets>, Gr. <?/ sand burrower, a kind of serpent;

<?/ sand + <?/ diver, <?/ to dive.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of viper in southern Europe.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am*mo"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From sal

<ets>ammoniac</ets>, which was first obtaining near the temple of

Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>, by burning camel's dung. See

<er>Ammoniac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A gaseous

compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, <chform>NH3</chform>, with a

pungent smell and taste: -- often called <altname>volatile

alkali</altname>, and <altname>spirits of

hartshorn</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am`mo*ni"a*cal</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

ammonia, or possessing its properties; <as>as, an

<ex>ammoniac</ex> salt; <ex>ammoniacal</ex> gas.</as></def>



<cs><col>Ammoniacal engine</col>, <cd>an engine in which the

vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force.</cd> -- <col>Sal

ammoniac</col> <ety>[L. <ets>sal ammoniacus<ets>]</ety>, <cd>the

salt usually called <altname>chloride of ammonium</altname>, and

formerly <altname>muriate of ammonia</altname>.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Am*mo"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> ([or] <hw>Gum`

am*mo"ni*ac</hw> </mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Ammoniacum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a resinous gum, said to distill

from a tree near the temple of Jupiter <ets>Ammon</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>ammoniac</ets>. See <er>Ammonite</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The concrete juice (gum resin) of an

umbelliferous plant, the <spn>Dorema ammoniacum</spn>. It is

brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which

occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar

smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It

is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine,

and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for

the formation of certain plasters.</def>



<hw>Am*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined or impregnated with

ammonia.</def>



<hw>Am*mo"nic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to ammonia.</def>



<hw>Am"mon*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. cornu

<ets>Ammonis</ets> born of Ammon; L. <ets>Ammon</ets>, Gr. <?/ an

appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram.

It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god,

<ets>Amun</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil

cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera

and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having

existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly

numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of

the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal.

Also called <altname>serpent stone</altname>, <altname>snake

stone</altname>, and <altname>cornu Ammonis</altname>.</def>



<hw>Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ammonite</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing fossil ammonites.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*mon`i*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>Ammonite + -oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An extensive group of fossil

cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See

<er>Ammonite</er>.</def>



<hw>Am*mo"ni*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ammonia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound

radical, <chform>NH4</chform>, having the chemical relations of a

strongly basic element like the alkali metals.</def>

<-- positive ion -->



<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amunition</ets>, for <ets>munition</ets>, prob. caused by

taking <ets>la munition</ets> as <ets>l'amunition</ets>. See

<er>Munition</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Military stores, or

provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance

of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps,

rockets, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any stock of missiles, literal or

figurative.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Ammunition bread</col>, <col>shoes</col></mcol>,

<cd>etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied

to the soldiers. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Am`mu*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ammunitioned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ammunitioning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To provide with

ammunition.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*ne"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech,

from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong

words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ.</def>



<au>Quian.</au>



<hw>Am*ne"sic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to amnesia.</def> \'bd<xex>Amnesic</xex> or

co\'94rdinate defects.\'b8



<au>Quian.</au>



<hw>Am*nes"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing loss

of memory.</def>



<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amnestia</ets>, Gr. <?/, a forgetting, fr. <?/ forgotten,

forgetful; <?/ priv. + <?/ to remember: cf. F.

<ets>amnistie</ets>, earlier <ets>amnestie</ets>. See

<er>Mean</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong;

oblivion.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion,

or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned

in an insurrection.</def>



<hw>Am"nes*ty</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. p.

p.</pos> <er>Amnestied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Amnestying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grant amnesty

to.</def>



<hw>Am*nic"o*list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amnicola</ets>, <ets>amnis</ets> a river + <ets>colere</ets>

to dwell.]</ety> <def>One who lives near a river.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Am*nig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amnigena</ets>; <ets>amnis</ets> a river + root

<ets>gen</ets> of <ets>gignere</ets> to beget.]</ety> <def>Born

or bred in, of, or near a river.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Am"ni*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ the

membrane round the fetus, dim. of <?/ lamb.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A thin membrane surrounding the embryos

of mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>



<hw>Am"ni*os</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Amnion</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`ni*o"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Amnion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That group

of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope

called the <xex>amnion</xex>. It comprises the reptiles, the

birds, and the mammals.</def>



<hw>Am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amniotique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; <as>as, the

<ex>amniotic</ex> fluid; the <ex>amniotic</ex> sac.</as></def>



<cs><col>Amniotic acid</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<mark>[R.]</mark> See <er>Allantoin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*m\'d2"ba</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Am\'d2b\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; E. <plw>Am\'d2bas</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ change.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rhizopod. common in fresh water,

capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See

<er>Rhizopoda</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`\'d2*b\'91"um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>am\'d2baeus</ets>, Gr. <?/, alternate; L.

<ets>amoebaeum</ets> carmen, Gr. <?/ <?/, a responsive song, fr.

<?/ change.]</ety> <def>A poem in which persons are represented

at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of

Virgil.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`\'d2*be"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That division of the

Rhizopoda which includes the am\'d2ba and similar forms.</def>



<hw>Am`\'d2*be"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Alternately answering.</def>



<hw>A*m\'d2"bi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Am\'d2bea.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*m\'d2"bi*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*m\'d2"boid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Am\'d2ba</ets> + <ets>-form</ets> or

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling an

am\'d2ba; am\'d2ba-shaped; changing in shape like an

am\'d2ba.</def>



<cs><col>Am\'d2boid movement</col>, <cd>movement produced, as in

the am\'d2ba, by successive processes of prolongation and

retraction.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*m\'d2"bous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like an

am\'d2ba in structure.</def>



<hw>Am`o*li"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amolitio</ets>, fr. <ets>amoliri</ets> to remove;

<ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>moliri</ets> to put in

motion.]</ety> <def>Removal; a putting away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Ward (1673).</au>



<hw>\'d8A*mo"mum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ an Indian spice plant.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear

cardamoms, and grains of paradise.</def>



<hw>A*mon"este</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

admonish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*mong"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*mongst"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amongist</ets>, <ets>amonges</ets>, <ets>amonge</ets>,

<ets>among</ets>, AS. <ets>onmang</ets>, <ets>ongemang</ets>,

<ets>gemang</ets>, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending

<ets>-st</ets> see <er>Amidst</er>. See <er>Mingle</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.</def>



<q>They heard,

And from his presence hid themselves <qex>among</qex>

The thickest trees.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of

the number of; in the number or class of.</def>



<q>Blessed art thou <qex>among</qex> women.</q>

<qau>Luke i. 28.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Expressing a relation of dispersion,

distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action.</def>



<q>What news <qex>among</qex> the merchants?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Human sacrifices were practiced <qex>among</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<q>Divide that gold <qex>amongst</qex> you.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<q>Whether they quarreled <qex>among</qex> themselves, or with

their neighbors.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Amidst; between. See <er>Amidst</er>,

<er>Between</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8A*mon`til*la"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A dry kind of cherry, of a light

color.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Am"o*ret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amorette</ets>, F. <ets>amourette</ets>, dim. of

amour.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An amorous girl or woman; a

wanton.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Warton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A love knot, love token, or love song.

<plu>(pl.)</plu> Love glances or love tricks.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A petty love affair or amour.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Am"o*rette"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

amoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Am"o*rist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armor</ets> love. See <er>Amorous</er>.]</ety> <def>A lover;

a gallant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>It was the custom for an <qex>amorist</qex> to impress the

name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with

letters fixed upon his shoe.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>A-morn"ings</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Amorwe</er>. The -<ets>s</ets> is a genitival ending. See

<er>-wards</er>.]</ety> <def>In the morning; every morning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And have such pleasant walks into the woods

<qex>A</qex>-<qex>mornings</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Am`o*ro"sa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>amoroso</ets>, fem. <ets>amorosa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wanton

woman; a courtesan.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Am`o*ros"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being amorous; lovingness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Galt.</au>



<hw>\'d8Am`o*ro"so</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>amoroso</ets>, LL. <ets>amorosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover;

a man enamored.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`o*ro"so</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In a soft, tender, amatory style.</def>



<hw>Am"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amoros</ets>, F. <ets>amoreux</ets>, LL.

<ets>amorosus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amor</ets> love, fr.

<ets>amare</ets> to love.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclined to

love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment;

loving; fond; affectionate; <as>as, an <ex>amorous</ex>

disposition</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Affected with love; in love; enamored; --

usually with <xex>of</xex>; formerly with <xex>on</xex>.</def>



<q>Thy roses <qex>amorous</qex> of the moon.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<q>High nature <qex>amorous</qex> of the good.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>Sure my brother is <qex>amorous</qex> on Hero.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or relating to, or produced by, love.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Amorous</xex> delight.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

\'bd<xex>Amorous</xex> airs.\'b8 <au>Waller</au>.



<syn>Syn. -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate;

devoted; ardent.</syn>



<hw>Am"o*rous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an amorous manner;

fondly.</def>



<hw>Am"o*rous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.</def>



<hw>A*mor"pha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amorphas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/

shapeless.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of leguminous

shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard

indigo.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>A*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety> <def>A state of being amorphous; esp.

a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest

particles, as in glass, opal, etc.</def> <note>There are stony

substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the

glass state is spoken of as a state of

<xex>amorphism</xex>.</note>



<hw>A*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having no

determinate form; of irregular; shapeless.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without crystallization in the ultimate texture

of a solid substance; uncrystallized.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of no particular kind or character;

anomalous.</def>



<q>Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and

<qex>amorphous</qex> in style.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>A*mor"phous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>A*mor"phous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8A*mor`pho*zo"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ shapeless; <?/ priv. + <?/ form + <?/

animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals without a mouth

or regular internal organs, as the sponges.</def>



<hw>A*mor`pho*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Amorphozoa.</def>



<hw>A*mor"phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf.

F. <ets>amorphie</ets>. See <er>Amorphous</er>.]</ety>

<def>Shapelessness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>A*mort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + F. <ets>mort</ets> death, dead; <ets>all

amort</ets> is for <ets>alamort</ets>.]</ety> <def>As if dead;

lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw><hw>A*mor"tise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos>,

<hw>A*mor`ti*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>A*mor"tis*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

<hw>A*mor"tise*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></mhw>

<def>Same as <er>Amortize</er>, <er>Amortization</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>A*mor"tiz*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amortissable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being cleared

off, as a debt.</def>



<hw>A*mor`ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>amortisatio</ets>, <ets>admortizatio</ets>. See

<er>Amortize</er>, and cf. <er>Admortization</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act or right of alienating

lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as

transferring them to <xex>dead hands</xex>, or in mortmain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a

sinking fund; also, the money thus paid.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>A*mor"tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amortisen</ets>, LL. <ets>amortisare</ets>,

<ets>admortizare</ets>, F. <ets>amortir</ets> to sell in

mortmain, to extinguish; L. <ets>ad + mors</ets> death. See

<er>Mortmain</er>]</ety>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make as if dead; to

destroy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To alienate in mortmain, that

is, to convey to a corporation. See <er>Mortmain</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually

by means of a sinking fund.</def>



<hw>A*mor"tize*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amortissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Amortization</er>.</def>



<hw>A*mor"we</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> on + OE. <ets>morwe</ets>. See

<er>Morrow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the morning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>On the following morning.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*mo"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amotio</ets>. See <er>Amove</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate

officer from his office.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deprivation of possession.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*mo"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.,

withdrawn (from it<?/place).]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does

not touch the ground.</def>



<hw>A*mount"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amounted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Amounting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>amonter</ets> to increase, advance, ascend, fr.

<ets>amont</ets> (equiv. to L. <ets>ad montem</ets> to the

mountain) upward, F. <ets>amont</ets> up the river. See

<er>Mount</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go up;

to ascend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So up he rose, and thence <qex>amounted</qex> straight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rise or reach by an accumulation of

particular sums or quantities; to come (<xex>to</xex>) in the

aggregate or whole; -- with <xex>to</xex> or

<xex>unto</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance,

or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically

(<xex>to</xex>); <as>as, the testimony <ex>amounts</ex> to very

little</as>.</def>



<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To signify; to amount

to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*mount"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The sum total

of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole

quantity; a totality; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of 7 and 9 is

16; the <ex>amount</ex> of a bill; the <ex>amount</ex> of this

year's revenue.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The effect, substance, value, significance, or

result; the sum; <as>as, the <ex>amount</ex> of the testimony is

this</as>.</def>



<q>The whole <qex>amount</qex> of that enormous fame.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>A*mour"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>amor</ets> love.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Love;

affection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful

connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love

affair.</def>



<cs><col>In amours with</col>, <cd>in love with.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<-- p. 50 -->



<hw>\'d8A"mour` pro"pre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Self-love; self-esteem.</def>



<hw>A*mov`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Liability to be removed or dismissed from office.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>T. Jefferson.</au>



<hw>A*mov"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amovible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Removable.</def>



<hw>A*move"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amovere</ets>; <ets>a-<ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) +

<ets>movere</ets> to move: cf. OF. <ets>amover</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To remove, as a person or thing, from a

position.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Dr. H. More</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To dismiss from an office or

station.</def>



<hw>A*move"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>amovir</ets>, L. <ets>admovere</ets> to move to, to excite;

<ets>ad + movere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To move or be moved; to

excite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Am"pe*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ampelitis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ vine.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the

ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by

Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Am`p\'8are"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am*pere"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the name of a

French electrician.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The unit of

electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical

Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit

of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or

the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when

passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water,

deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called

also the <altname>international amp\'8are</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Am`p\'8are"me`ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`pe*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Amp\'8are</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring the

strength of an electrical current in amp\'8ares.</def>



<hw>Am"per*sand</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of <ets>and</ets>, per se <ets>and</ets>, i. e., & by

itself makes <ets>and</ets>.]</ety> <def>A word used to describe

the character <?/, <?/, or &.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Am*phi-</hw>. <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words of

Greek origin, signifying <xex>both</xex>, <xex>of both

kinds</xex>, <xex>on both sides</xex>, <xex>about</xex>,

<xex>around</xex>.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>amphi-</ets> + <ets>arthrodial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Characterized by amphiarthrosis.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*ar*thro"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a joining, <?/ a joint.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of articulation in which the bones

are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion;

symphysis.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*as`ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ + <?/ a star.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The

achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of

two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers

diverging from each aster, and called the

<xex>spindle</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*phib"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Amphibium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the classes of vertebrates.</def>



<note><hand/ The Amphibia are distinguished by having usually no

scales, by having eggs and embryos similar to those of fishes,

and by undergoing a complete metamorphosis, the young having

gills. There are three living orders: (1) The tailless, as the

frogs <spn>(Anura)</spn>; (2) The tailed <spn>(Urodela)</spn>, as

the salamanders, and the siren group <spn>(Sirenoidea)</spn>,

which retain the gills of the young state (hence called

<xex>Perennibranchiata</xex>) through the adult state, among

which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C\'d2cilians, or

serpentlike Amphibia <spn>(Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona)</spn>,

with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts

also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely

applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.</note>



<hw>Am*phib"i*al</hw> <pr>(-al)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Amphibian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw> <pr>(-an)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphibia;

<as>as, <ex>amphibian</ex> reptiles</as>.</def>



<hw>Am*phib"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Amphibia.</def>



<hw>Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to amphibiology.</def>



<hw>Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ amphibious + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>amphibiologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise on amphibious

animals; the department of natural history which treats of the

Amphibia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ pertaining to life.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of insects having aquatic

larv\'91.</def>



<hw>Am*phib"i*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

living a double life, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., both on land

in water; <?/ + <?/ life.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles,

beavers, and some plants.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with,

both land and water.</def>



<q>The <qex>amphibious</qex> character of the Greeks was already

determined: they were to be lords of land and sea.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of a mixed nature; partaking of two

natures.</def>



<q>Not in free and common socage, but in this

<qex>amphibious</qex> subordinate class of villein socage.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Am*phib"i*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like an

amphibious being.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*phib"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Amphibia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; E. <plw>Amphibiums</plw>

(#)</plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ an animal). See

<er>Amphibious</er>.]</ety> <def>An amphibian.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*blas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ tending to sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with

complete segmentation.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*bole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

doubtful, equivocal, fr. <?/ to throw round, to doubt: cf. F.

<ets>amphibole</ets>. Ha\'81y so named the genus from the great

variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A common mineral embracing many varieties

varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic

crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar

structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and

black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually

aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are

<xex>tremolite</xex>, <xex>actinolite</xex>, <xex>asbestus</xex>,

<xex>edenite</xex>, <xex>hornblende</xex> (the last name being

also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is

a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite,

most varieties of trachyte, etc. See <er>Hornblende</er>.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.</def>



<hw>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

doubtful meaning; ambiguous.</def> \'bd<xex>Amphibological</xex>

expressions.\'b8



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



 -- <wordforms><wf>Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Am`phi*bol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amphibologies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>amphibologia</ets>, for <ets>amphibolia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/,

with the ending -<ets>logia</ets> as if fr. Gr. <?/ ambiguous +

<?/ speech: cf. F. <ets>amphibologie</ets>. See

<er>Amphiboly</er>.]</ety> <def>A phrase, discourse, or

proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of

uncertain meaning. It differs from <xex>equivocation</xex>, which

arises from the twofold sense of a single term.</def>



<hw>Am*phib"o*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphibolus</ets>, Gr. <?/ thrown about, doubtful.  See

<er>Amphibole</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Ambiguous; doubtful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Never was there such an <qex>amphibolous</qex> quarrel -- both

parties declaring themselves for the king.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Capable of two

meanings.</def>



<q>An <qex>amphibolous</qex> sentence is one that is capable of

two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but

from its admitting of a double construction; <qex>e</qex>.

<qex>g</qex>., \'bdThe duke yet lives that Henry shall

depose.\'b8</q>

<qau>Whately.</qau>



<hw>Am*phib"o*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amphibolies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>amphibolia</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>amphibolie</ets>.

See <er>Amphibolous</er>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguous discourse;

amphibology.</def>



<q>If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create

an <qex>amphiboly</qex>, a double meaning where there is

none.</q>

<qau>Whitlock.</qau>



<hw>Am"phi*branch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <?/,

Gr. <?/ short at both ends; <?/ + <?/ short.]</ety> <fld>(Anc.

Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the middle one long,

the first and last short (<?/ -- <?/); <as>as,

<ex>h<?/b\'c7r<?/</ex></as>. In modern prosody the accented

syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the

short; <as>as,

<ex>pro</ex>-<ex>phet</ex>\'b6<ex>ic</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`phi*car"pic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`phi*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of

ripening.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*chro"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ color.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Exhibiting or

producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may

change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`phi*c<?/"li*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`phi*c<?/"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ hollowed all round; <?/ + <?/ hollow.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having both ends concave; biconcave;

-- said of vertebr\'91.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*come</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

with hair all round; <?/ + <?/ hair.]</ety> <def>A kind of

figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in

divination.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Am*phic`ty*on"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their

League or Council; <as>as, an <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> town or

state; the <ex>Amphictyonic</ex> body.</as></def>



<au>W. Smith.</au>



<hw>Am*phic"ty*ons</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Amphictyones</ets>, Gr. <?/. Prob. the word was orig. <?/

dwellers around, neighbors.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld>

<def>Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a

congress or council. They considered both political and religious

matters.</def>



<hw>Am*phic"ty*o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amphictyonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Grecian Hist.)</fld> <def>A league of states of

ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the

Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common

interests of Greece.</def>



<hw>Am"phid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ both:

cf. F. <ets>amphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt

of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or

by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or

tellurides, as distinguished from a <xex>haloid</xex>

compound.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Berzelius.</au>



<hw>Am"phi*disc</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/ a round plate.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A peculiar

small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end;

-- found in freshwater sponges.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*drom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ running about or around.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an Attic

festival at the naming of a child; -- so called because the

friends of the parents <xex>carried</xex> the child

<xex>around</xex> the hearth and then named it.</def>



<hw>Am*phig"a*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a structure

entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; -- a term

applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*ge"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/, <?/, the earth.]</ety> <def>Extending over all the zones,

from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*gen</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<ets>-gen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amphig\'8ane</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An element that in combination produces

amphid salt; -- applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur,

selenium, and tellurium.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am"phi*gene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Leucite.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ generation.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Sexual

generation; amphigony.</def>



<hw>Am*phig"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Increasing in size by growth on all sides,

as the lichens.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*gon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; <as>as, <ex>amphigonic</ex>

propagation</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*phig"o*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ a begetting.]</ety> <def>Relating to both parents.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*phig"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sexual

propagation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am`phi*gor"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Amphigory</er>.]</ety> <def>Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining

to an amphigory.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*go*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>amphigouri</ets>, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. <?/

+ <?/ a circle.]</ety> <def>A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with

apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be

meaningless.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>amphigouri</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am*phil"o*gism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am*phil"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Ambiguity of

speech; equivocation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Am*phim"a*cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphimacru<?/</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ on both sides + <?/

long.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three

syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in

<xex>c\'best<?/t\'bes</xex>.</def>



<au>Andrews.</au>



<hw>\'d8Am`phi*neu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <?/ + <?/ sinew, nerve.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Mollusca remarkable for

the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the

nerves.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`phi*ox"us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ sharp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fishlike creature <spn>(Amphioxus lanceolatus)</spn>, two or

three inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the

<xex>lancelet</xex>. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the

lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither

brain, skull, vertebr\'91, nor red blood. It forms the type of

the group <spn>Acrania</spn>, <spn>Leptocardia</spn>, etc.</def>



<hw>Am*phip"neust</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ one who breathes, <?/ to breathe.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have

both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and

siren.</def>



<hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Amphipoda.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am"phi*pod</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am*phip"o*dan</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of

or pertaining to the Amphipoda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*phip"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., FR. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/ foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A numerous group of fourteen -- footed

Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is

usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are

directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually

turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See

<er>Tetradecapoda</er> and <er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>



<hw>Am*phip"o*dous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Amphipoda.</def>



<hw>Am*phip"ro*style</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphiprostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/ having a double prostyle: cf.

F. <ets>amphiprostyle</ets>. See <er>Prostyle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Doubly prostyle; having columns at each

end, but not at the sides.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

amphiprostyle temple or edifice.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`phi*rhi"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/, <?/, nose.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the elasmobranch

fishes, because the nasal sac is double.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ on both ends + <?/ to go.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving

either way.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of harmless

lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so

much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability

to move either way. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<note><hand/ The <spn>Gordius aquaticus</spn>, or

<xex>hairworm</xex>, has been called an <spn>amphisb\'91na</spn>;

but it belongs among the worms.</note>



<hw>\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>amphisbaena</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or

pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb\'91na.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Am*phis"ci*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am*phis"cians</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ throwing a shadow both ways; <?/ + <?/

shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows

in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other

to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their

zenith.</def>



<hw>Am*phis"to*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a

sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which

they adhere.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*sty"lic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ pillar, support.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the

mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium,

as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`phi*the"a*ter</hw>, <hw>Am`phi*the"a*tre</hw>,

}</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphitheatrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ theater: cf. F.

<ets>amphith\'82\'83tre</ets>. See <er>Theater</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An oval or circular building with rising tiers

of seats about an open space called the arena.</def>



<note><hand/ The Romans first constructed amphitheaters for

combats of gladiators and wild beasts.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling an amphitheater in form;

<as>as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising

gallery in a theater</as>.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*the"a*tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphitheatralis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>amphith\'82\'83tral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Amphitheatrical;

resembling an amphitheater.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>amphitheatricus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining

to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.</def>



<hw>Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

form or manner of an amphitheater.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*phit"ro*cha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/ a wheel.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of annelid larva having both a

dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am*phit"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Am*phit"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of

one side; half anatropous.</def>



<-- p. 51 -->



<hw>\'d8Am`phi*u"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the

Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four

minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo

snake.</def>



<hw>Am`pho*pep"tone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + E. <ets>peptone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A

product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and

antipeptone.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am"pho*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Amophor\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

<?/, a jar with two handles; <?/ + <?/ bearer, <?/ to bear. Cf.

<er>Ampul</er>.]</ety> <def>Among the ancients, a two-handled

vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil,

etc.</def>



<hw>Am"pho*ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amphoralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

an amphora.</def>



<hw>Am*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not

filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an

empty decanter; <as>as, <ex>amphoric</ex> respiration or

resonance</as>.</def>



<hw>Am`pho*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

both.]</ety> <def>Partly one and partly the other; neither acid

nor alkaline; neutral.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Am"ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ample</ets>, L. <ets>amplus</ets>, prob. for

<ets>ambiplus</ets> full on both sides, the last syllable akin to

L. <ets>plenus</ets> full. See <er>Full</er>, and cf.

<er>Double</er>.]</ety> <def>Large; great in size, extent,

capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended.</def>



<q>All the people in that <qex>ample</qex> house

Did to that image bow their humble knees.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious;

<as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> fortune; <ex>ample</ex>

justice.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended;

diffusive; <as>as, an <ex>ample</ex> narrative</as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious;

abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich;

liberal; munificent.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ample</er>,

<er>Copious</er>, <er>Abundant</er>, <er>Plenteous</er>. These

words agree in representing a thing as <xex>large</xex>, but

under different relations, according to the image which is used.

<xex>Ample</xex> implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or

fullness of supply for every want; <as>as, <ex>ample</ex> stores

or resources, <ex>ample</ex> provision</as>. <xex>Copious</xex>

carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single

point; <as>as, a <ex>copious</ex> supply of materials</as>.

\'bd<xex>Copious</xex> matter of my song.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

<xex>Abundant</xex> and <xex>plenteous</xex> refer to largeness

of quantity; as, <ex>abundant</ex> stores; <xex>plenteous</xex>

harvests.</usage>



<hw>Am*plec"tant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplecti</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Clasping a support; <as>as, <ex>amplectant</ex>

tendrils</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Am"ple*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness;

completeness.</def>



<hw>Am`plex*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplexari</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>An embrace.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An humble <qex>amplexation</qex> of those sacred feet.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Am*plex"i*caul</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplecti</ets> to encircle, to

embrace + <ets>caulis</ets> stem: cf. F.

<ets>amplexicaule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Clasping

or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ampliatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ampliare</ets> to make wider,

fr. <ets>amplus</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <def>To

enlarge.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>To maintain and <qex>ampliate</qex> the external possessions

of your empire.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<hw>Am"pli*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the outer edge prominent; said

of the wings of insects.</def>



<hw>Am`pli*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ampliatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ampliation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Enlargement; amplification.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Civil Law)</fld> <def>A postponement of the

decision of a cause, for further consideration or

re-argument.</def>



<hw>Am"pli*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Enlarging a conception by adding to that

which is already known or received.</def>



<q>\'bdAll bodies possess power of attraction\'b8 is an

<qex>ampliative</qex> judgment; because we can think of bodies

without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary

attribute.</q>

<qau>Abp. W. Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Am*plif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplificatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amplificare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To amplify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Am`pli*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplificatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement;

extension.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The enlarging of a simple

statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets,

etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or

a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.</def>



<q>Exaggeration is a species of <qex>amplification</qex>.</q>

<qau>Brande & C.</qau>



<q>I shall summarily, without any <qex>amplification</qex> at

all, show in what manner defects have been supplied.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The matter by which a statement is amplified;

<as>as, the subject was presented without

<ex>amplifications</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Amplificatory.</def>



<hw>Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative.</def>



<au>Morell.</au>



<hw>Am"pli*fi`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who or

that which amplifies.</def>



<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amplified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Amplifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>amplifier</ets>,

L.  <ets>amplificare</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>,

<er>-fy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render larger, more

extended, or more intense, and the like; -- used especially of

telescopes, microscopes, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>To enlarge by addition or

discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars,

illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.</def>



<q>Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much

<qex>amplified</qex> by our English translator.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Am"pli*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To become larger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Strait was the way at first, withouten light,

But further in did further <qex>amplify</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in

argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with

<xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<q>He must often enlarge and <qex>amplify</qex> upon the subject

he handles.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Am"pli*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amplitudo</ets>, fr. <ets>amplus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>amplitude</ets>. See <er>Ample</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness

of dimensions; size.</def>



<q>The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure,

proportionable to the <qex>amplitude</qex> of the diocese.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth;

abundance; fullness.</def> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of extent of

capacity or intellectual powers.</def>  \'bd<xex>Amplitude</xex>

of mind.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. \'bd<xex>Amplitude</xex> of

comprehension.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of extent

of means or resources.</def>  \'bd<xex>Amplitude</xex> of

reward.\'b8 <au>Bacon</au>.



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The arc of the

horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the

sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the

amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western,

occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when

north or south of the equator.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The arc of

the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of

the vertical circle passing through any star or object.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The horizontal line which

measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the

range.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The extent of a movement

measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; --

applied especially to vibratory movements.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(math.)</fld> <def>An angle upon which the value

of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in

connection with elliptic functions.</def>



<cs><col>Magnetic amplitude</col>, <cd>the angular distance of a

heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or

west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between

the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above)

is the \'bdvariation of the compass.\'b8</cd></cs>



<hw>Am"ply</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an ample

manner.</def>



<hw>Am"pul</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ampella</ets>, <ets>ampolla</ets>, L. <ets>ampulla</ets>:

cf. OF. <ets>ampolle</ets>, F. <ets>ampoule</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Ampulla, 2.</er></def>



<hw>\'d8Am*pul"la</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ampull\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A narrow-necked vessel

having two handles and bellying out like a jug.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cruet for the

wine and water at Mass.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The vase in which

the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Any membranous bag shaped

like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct;

especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the

ear.</def>



<hw>Am`pul*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ampullaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>ampulla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Like

a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.</def>



<au>Kirby.</au>



<cs><col>Ampullaceous sac</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of

the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the

zooidal cells.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am"pul*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am`pul*la*ry</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling an

ampulla.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am"pul*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am"pul*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an ampulla;

flask-shaped; bellied.</def>



<hw>Am*pul"li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ampulla</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Flask-shaped; dilated.</def>



<hw>Am"pu*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amputated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Amputating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>amputatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>amputare</ets>:

<ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>putare</ets> to prune, <ets>putus</ets>

clean, akin to E. <ets>pure</ets>. See <er>Putative</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To prune or lop off, as branches or

tendrils.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To cut off (a limb or

projecting part (of the body)</def>.



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Am`pu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amputatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amputation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb

or projecting part of the body.</def>



<hw>Am"pu*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

amputates.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am"pyx</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Antiq.)</fld> <def>A woman's headband

(sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am*ri"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>amrita</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Hind. Myth.)</fld>

<def>Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. --

<xex>a</xex>. Ambrosial; immortal.</def>



<mhw><hw>Am"sel</hw>, <hw>Am"zel</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ger. See <er>Ousel</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European ring ousel <spn>(Turdus

torquatus)</spn>.</def>



<hw>A*muck"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>amoq</ets> furious.]</ety> <def>In a frenzied and

reckless.</def>



<cs><col>To run amuck</col>, <cd>to rush out in a state of

frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of

\'bdbhang,\'b8 and attack every one that comes in the way; to

assail recklessly and indiscriminately.</cd></cs>



<q>Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet

To run <qex>amuck</qex>, and tilt at all I meet.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Am"u*let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amuletum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>amulette</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc.,

worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such

as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic

forms or characters. <note>[Also used figuratively.]</note></def>



<hw>Am`u*let"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.</def>



<hw>A*mur"cous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>amurcous</ets>, L. <ets>amurca</ets> the dregs of olives,

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to pluck.]</ety> <def>Full off dregs;

foul.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<hw>A*mus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amusable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being amused.</def>



<hw>A*muse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Amused</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Amusing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>amuser</ets> to make stay, to detain, to amuse, <?/

(L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>muser</ets>. See <er>Muse</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To occupy or engage the

attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to

distract; to bewilder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were <qex>amused</qex>

in receiving their gold.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>Being <qex>amused</qex> with grief, fear, and fright, he could

not find the house.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to

stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert.</def>



<q>A group children <qex>amusing</qex> themselves with pushing

stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged

into the lake.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To keep in extraction; to beguile; to

delude.</def>



<q>He <qex>amused</qex> his followers with idle promises.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile;

deceive; occupy.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Amuse</er>,

<er>Divert</er>, <er>Entertain</er>. We are <xex>amused</xex> by

that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are

<xex>entertained</xex> by that which brings our minds into

agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are

<xex>diverted</xex> by that which turns off our thoughts to

something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature,

as a humorous story, or a laughable incident.</usage>



<q>Whatever <qex>amuses</qex> serves to kill time, to lull the

faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever

<qex>entertains</qex> usually a wakens the understanding or

gratifies the fancy. Whatever <qex>diverts</qex> is lively in its

nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<hw>A*muse"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To muse; to

mediate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*mused"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Diverted.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing amusement; <as>as, an <ex>amused</ex>

look</as>.</def>



<hw>A*muse"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>amusement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deep thought;

muse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep <qex>amusement</qex>,

revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change

of our affairs.</q>

<qau>Fleetwood.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being amused; pleasurable

excitement; that which amuses; diversion.</def>



<q>His favorite <qex>amusements</qex> were architecture and

gardening.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation;

pastime; sport.</syn>



<hw>A*mus"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

amuses.</def>



<hw>\'d8Am`u*sette"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted

on a swivel.</def>



<hw>A*mus"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giving

amusement; diverting; <as>as, an <ex>amusing</ex>

story</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*mus"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*mu"sive</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite

mirth.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>A*mu"sive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>A*mu"sive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*my"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ami</ets>, fr. L. <ets>amicus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*my"e*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without marrow.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting the spinal

cord.</def>



<hw>A*myg`da*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Akin to, or derived from, the

almond.</def>



<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amygdala</ets>, <ets>amygdalum</ets>, almond, Gr. <?/, <?/.

See <er>Almond</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, resembling, or

made of, almonds.</def>



<hw>A*myg"da*late</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An emulsion made of almonds; milk of

almonds.</def>



<au>Bailey. Coxe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt amygdalic acid.</def>



<hw>Am`yg*dal"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from

amygdalin; <as>as, <ex>amygdalic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>A*myg`da*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amygdalum</ets> almond + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Almond-bearing.</def>



<hw>A*myg"da*lin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds

as a white, crystalline substance.</def>



<hw>A*myg"da*line</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amygdalinus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

resembling, almonds.</def>



<hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

almond + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>amygdalo\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities,

occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different

minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When

the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition,

it is porous, like lava.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*myg"da*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*myg`da*loid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Almond-shaped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock

amygdaloid.</def>



<hw>Am"yl</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>am</ets>ylum starch + <ets>-yl</ets>. Cf.

<er>Amidin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon

radical, <chform>C5H11</chform>, of the paraffine series found in

amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.</def>



<hw>Am`y*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amylum</ets> starch, Gr. <?/. See <er>Amidin</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch;

starchy.</def>



<hw>Am"y*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive

atom or radical.</def>



<hw>Am"y*lene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons,

<chform>C5H10</chform>, of the ethylene series. The colorless,

volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of

different members of the group.</def>



<hw>A*myl"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; <as>as,

<ex>amylic</ex> ether</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Amylic alcohol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of the

series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a

peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl.</cd> -- <col>Amylic

fermentation</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a process of

fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is

produced.</cd>



<au>Gregory.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Am`y*lo*bac"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>amyl</ets>um starch + NL. <ets>bacter</ets>ium. See

<er>Bacterium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A

micro\'94rganism <spn>(Bacillus amylobacter)</spn> which develops

in vegetable tissue during putrefaction.</def>



<au>Sternberg.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am`y*loid"al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>amylum</ets>

starch + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling or containing

amyl; starchlike.</def>



<cs><col>Amyloid degeneration</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the

deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with

iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also <altname>waxy <or/

lardaceous degeneration</altname>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 52 -->



<hw>Am"y*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The substance deposited in the

organs in amyloid degeneration.</def>



<hw>Am`y*lo*ly"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

starch + <?/ solvent; <?/ to dissolve.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Effecting the conversion of starch

into soluble dextrin and sugar; <as>as, an <ex>amylolytic</ex>

ferment</as>.</def>



<au>Foster.</au>



<hw>Am`y*lose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the starch group

<chform>(C6H10O5)n</chform> of the carbohydrates; <as>as, starch,

arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.</as></def>



<hw>Am"y*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Wanting in muscle; without

flesh.</def>



<hw>Am"yss</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Amice</er>, a hood or cape.</def>



<hw>An</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[AS. <ets>\'ben</ets> one, the

same word as the numeral. See <er>One</er>, and cf.

<er>A</er>.]</ety> <def>This word is properly an

<xex>adjective</xex>, but is commonly called the <xex>indefinite

article</xex>. It is used before nouns of the singular number

only, and signifies <xex>one</xex>, or <xex>any</xex>, but

somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as  \'bdtwice

<xex>an</xex> hour,\'b8 \'bdonce <xex>an</xex> age,\'b8 a

shilling <xex>an</xex> ounce  (see 2d <er>A</er>, <er>2</er>), it

has a distributive force, and is equivalent to <xex>each</xex>,

<xex>every</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>An</xex> is used before a word beginning with a

vowel sound; as, <xex>an</xex> enemy, <xex>an</xex> hour. It in

also often used before <xex>h sounded</xex>, when the accent of

the word falls on the second syllable; as, <xex>an</xex>

historian, <xex>an</xex> hyena, <xex>an</xex> heroic deed. Many

writers use <xex>a</xex> before <xex>h</xex> in such positions.

Anciently <xex>an</xex> was used before consonants as well as

vowels.</note>



<hw>An</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[Shortened fr. <ets>and</ets>,

OE. <ets>an</ets>., <ets>and</ets>, sometimes <ets>and if</ets>,

in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. <ets>enda</ets>

if, the same word as <ets>and</ets>. Prob. <ets>and</ets> was

originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]</ety>

<def>If; -- a word used by old English authors.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Nay, <qex>an</qex> thou dalliest, then I am thy foe.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<cs><col>An if</col>, <cd>and if; if.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"a-</hw>. <ety>[/Gr. <?/ on; <ets>in comp</ets>., on, up,

upwards.]</ety> <def>A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting

<xex>up</xex>, <xex>upward</xex>, <xex>throughout</xex>,

<xex>backward</xex>, <xex>back</xex>, <xex>again</xex>,

<xex>anew</xex>.</def>



<hw>A"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ (used

distributively).]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of each; an equal

quantity; <as>as, wine and honey, <ex>ana</ex> (or, contracted,

<ex>aa</ex>), <?/ ij</as>., that is, of wine and honey, each, two

ounces.</def>



<q>An apothecary with a . . . long bill of <qex>anas</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>*a"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[The neut. pl. ending of Latin

adjectives in -<ets>anus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix to names of

persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable

sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus,

<xex>Scaligerana</xex> is a book containing the sayings of

Scaliger, <xex>Johnsoniana</xex> of Johnson, etc.</def>



<note>Used also as a substantive; as, the French

<xex>anas</xex></note>.



<q>It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all

the <qex>ana</qex> of the Continent.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>An`a*bap"tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anabaptismus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anabaptisme</ets>.

See <er>Anabaptize</er>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of the

Anabaptists.</def>



<hw>An`a*bap"tist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>anabaptista</ets>, fr. Gr. as if <ets><?/</ets>:

<ets>cf</ets>. <ets>F</ets>. <ets>anabaptiste</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding

that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.</def>



<note><hand/ In church history, the name Anabaptists usually

designates a sect of fanatics who greatly disturbed the peace of

Germany, the Netherlands, etc., in the Reformation period. In

more modern times the name has been applied to those who do not

regard infant baptism as real and valid baptism.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`a*bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their

doctrines.</def>



<au>Milton. Bp. Bull.</au>



<hw>An`a*bap"tist*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Thus died this imaginary king; and <qex>Anabaptistry</qex> was

suppressed in Munster.</q>

<qau>Pagitt.</qau>



<hw>An`a*bap*tize"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ again + <?/ to baptize. See <er>Baptize</er>.]</ety>

<def>To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>\'d8An"a*bas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

p. p. of <?/ to advance.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of

water, and of making their way on land for considerable

distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*nab"a*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the

younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his

work called \'bdThe Anabasis.\'b8</def>



<q>The <qex>anabasis</qex> of Napoleon.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The first period, or increase,

of a disease; augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An`a*bat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anabasis; <as>as, an

<ex>anabatic</ex> fever</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An`a*bol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

something heaped up; <?/ + <?/ a stroke.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anabolism; an

<xex>anabolic</xex> changes, or processes, more or less

constructive in their nature.</def>



<hw>A*nab"o*lism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The constructive metabolism of the

body, as distinguished from <xex>katabolism</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`a*camp"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to bend back; <?/ back + <?/ to bend.]</ety> <def>Reflecting of

reflected; <as>as, an <ex>anacamptic</ex> sound (and

echo)</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The word was formerly applied to that part of optics

which treats of reflection; the same as what is now called

<xex>catoptric</xex>. See <er>Catoptrics</er>.</note>



<hw>An`a*camp"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>By reflection; <as>as, echoes are sound produced

<ex>anacamptically</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Hutton.</au>



<hw>An`a*camp"tics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The science of reflected light, now called

<xex>catoptrics</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of reflected sounds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An`a*can"thi*ni</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An"a*canths</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ thorny, fr. <?/ thorn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of teleostean fishes destitute

of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.</def>



<hw>An`a*can"thous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Spineless, as certain fishes.</def>



<hw>An`a*car"di*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or

order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the

species of sumac are well known examples.</def>



<hw>An`a*car"dic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, the cashew nut; <as>as, <ex>anacardic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`a*car"di*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ similar to + <?/ heart; -- the fruit of

this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the cashew

tree. See <er>Cashew</er>.</def>



<hw>An`a*ca*thar"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to cleanse upward, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., by

vomiting; <?/ + <?/. See <er>Cathartic</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Producing vomiting or expectoration.</def> 

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An anacatharic medicine; an

expectorant or an emetic.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An*ach"a*ris</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ up + <?/ grace.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family

(<spn>Hydrocharidace\'91</spn>), native to America. Transferred

to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also

<altname>waterweed</altname> and <altname>water

thyme</altname>.</def>



<mhw><hw>An*ach"o*ret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<hw>An*ach`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></mhw>

<def>See <er>Anchoret</er>, <er>Anchoretic</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An*ach"o*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

+ <?/ place.]</ety> <def>An error in regard to the place of an

event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>An`a*chron"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`a*chron"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by, or involving, anachronism;

anachronistic.</def>



<hw>An*ach"ro*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; <?/ +

<?/ time: cf. F. <ets>anachronisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology

by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one

by which an event is placed too early; falsification of

chronological relation.</def>



<hw>An*ach`ro*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.</def>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>An*ach"ro*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>An*ach"ro*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing an anachronism; anachronistic.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An*ach"ro*nous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`a*clas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to bend back and break; to reflect (light); <?/ + <?/ to

break.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Produced by the

refraction of light, as seen through water; <as>as,

<ex>anaclastic</ex> curves</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Springing back, as the bottom of an

<xex>anaclastic</xex> glass.</def>



<cs><col>Anaclastic glass</col>, <cd>a glass or phial, shaped

like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By

sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form

with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the

orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former

convex form.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`a*clas"tics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>That part of optics which treats of the

refraction of light; -- commonly called

<xex>dioptrics</xex>.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`a*c\'d2*no"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, to communicate; <?/ up + <?/ to make

common, <?/ common.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by

which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their

opinion on the point in debate.</def>



<au>Walker.</au>



<hw>An`a*co*lu"thic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lacking

grammatical sequence.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8An`a*co*lu"thon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, not following, wanting sequence; <?/ priv. +

<?/ following.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A want of

grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a

change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does

not syntactically correspond with the first part.</def>



<hw>An`a*con"da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

Ceylonese origin?]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South

American snake of the Boa family <spn>(Eunectes murinus)</spn>,

which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals.

The name is also applied to a similar large serpent <spn>(Python

tigris)</spn> of Ceylon.</def>



<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Anacreonticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, after the

manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory

and convivial.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>A*nac`re*on"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A poem after the

manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and

wine.</def>



<hw>An`a*crot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to anachronism.</def>



<hw>A*nac"ro*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

up, again + <?/ a stroke.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A

secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic

tracing.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`a*cru"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to push up or back; <?/ + <?/ to strike.]</ety>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A prefix of one or two unaccented

syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented

syllable.</def>



<hw>An"a*dem</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anadema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to wreathe; <?/ up + <?/ to

bind.]</ety> <def>A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath.</def>



<au>Drayton. Tennyson.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`a*di*plo"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to double, <?/, <?/, twofold,

double.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of the last

word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the

beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; <as>as, \'bdHe

retained his virtues amidst all his <ex>misfortunes</ex> --

<ex>misfortunes</ex> which no prudence could foresee or

prevent</as>.\'b8</def>



<hw>An"a*drom</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anadrome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish

that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.</def>



<hw>A*nad"ro*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

running upward; <?/ + <?/ a running, <?/ to run.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ascending rivers from the

sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending upwards; -- said of

terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper

side of the branch of the central stem.</def>



<au>D. C. Eaton.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*n\'91"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ blood.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in

quality or in quantity.</def>



<hw>A*n\'91m"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an\'91mia.</def>



<hw>An*a`\'89*rob"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or like, ana\'89robies;

ara\'89robiotic.</def>



<hw>An*a"\'89r*o*bies</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, air + <?/ life.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Micro\'94rganisms which do not require

oxygen, but are killed by it.</def><-- anaerobe, anaerobes -->



<au>Sternberg.</au>



<hw>An*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Related to, or of the nature of,

ana\'89robies.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`\'91s*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ feeling, <?/ to feel: cf.

F. <ets>anesth\'82sie</ets>. See <er>\'92sthetics</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Entire or partial loss or absence of

feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility

produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an

an\'91sthetic.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`\'91s*the"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>An\'91sthesia</er>.</def>



<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Capable of rendering

insensible; <as>as, <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> agents</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Characterized by, or connected with,

insensibility; <as>as, an <ex>an\'91sthetic</ex> effect or

operation</as>.</def>



<hw>An`\'91s*thet"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform,

ether, etc.</def>



<hw>An*\'91s`the*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The process of an\'91sthetizing; also, the condition of the

nervous system induced by an\'91sthetics.</def>



<hw>An*\'91s"the*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To render insensible by an

an\'91sthetic.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>An"a*glyph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wrought in low relief, <?/ embossed work; <?/ + <?/ to

engrave.]</ety> <def>Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament

worked in low relief, as a cameo.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`a*glyph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief;

anaglyptic; -- opposed to <xex>diaglyptic</xex> or sunk

work.</def>



<hw>An`a*glyph"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work chased or

embossed relief.</def>



<hw>An`a*glyp"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anaglypticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/. See

<er>Anaglyph</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to the art of carving,

enchasing, or embossing in low relief.</def>



<hw>An`a*glyp"tics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art

of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.</def>



<hw>An`a*glyp"to*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument by which a

correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or

cameo, can be executed.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; <as>as,

<ex>analyptographic</ex> engraving</as>.</def>



<hw>An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ embossed + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art

of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the

subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing

coins, bas-reliefs, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ag*nor"i*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Latinized fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ to recognize.]</ety>

<def>The unfolding or d\'82nouement.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>An`a*go"ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

leading up; <?/ + <?/ a leading, <?/ to lead.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An elevation of mind to things celestial.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the

application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to

subjects of the New.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*gog"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An`a*gog"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mystical; having a

secondary spiritual meaning; <as>as, the <ex>rest</ex> of the

Sabbath, in an <ex>anagogical</ex> sense, signifies the repose of

the saints in heaven; an <ex>anagogical</ex>

explication.</as></def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`a*gog"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`a*gog"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the

Scriptures.</def>



<au>L. Addison.</au>



<hw>An"a*go`gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anagoge</er>.</def>



<hw>An"a*gram</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anagramme</ets>, LL. <ets>anagramma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ back,

again + <?/ to write. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<def>Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its

usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another

by the transposition of its letters. Thus <xex>Galenus</xex>

becomes <xex>angelus</xex>; <xex>William Noy</xex>

(attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be

turned into <xex>I moyl in law</xex>.</def>



<hw>An"a*gram</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To anagrammatize.</def>



<q>Some of these <qex>anagramed</qex> his name, Benlowes, into

Benevolus.</q>

<qau>Warburton.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anagramtique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to,

containing, or making, anagram.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/: cf. F. <ets>anagrammatisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act or

practice of making anagrams.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anagrammatiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A maker anagrams.</def>



<hw>An`a*gram"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ cf. F. <ets>anagrammatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an

anagram.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>An"a*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

writing out, fr. <?/ to write out, to record; <?/ + <?/ to

write.]</ety> <def>An inventory; a record.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An"a*kim</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A"naks</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<fld>(Bibl.)</fld> <def>A race of giants living in

Palestine.</def>



<hw>A"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Anus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

situated near, the anus; <as>as, the <ex>anal</ex> fin or

glands</as>.</def>



<hw>A*nal"cime</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ strong, <?/ strength: cf. F.

<ets>analcime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white or

flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric

crystals. By friction, it acquires <xex>a weak</xex> electricity;

hence its name.</def>



<hw>A*nal"cite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

weak.]</ety> <def>Analcime.</def>



<hw>An`a*lec"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to analects; made up of selections; <as>as, an <ex>analectic</ex>

magazine</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"a*lects</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8

<hw>An`a*lec"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to collect; <?/ + <?/ to gather.]</ety>

<def>A collection of literary fragments.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`a*lem"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>analemma</ets> a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the

latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. <?/ a support, or thing

supported, a sun dial, fr. <?/ to take up; <?/ + <?/ to

take.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An orthographic

projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye

being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west

point of the horizon.</def>





<-- p. 53 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument of wood or brass, on which this

projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or

cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical

problems.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A scale of the sun's declination for each day of

the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial

terrestrial globe.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An"a*lep"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An"a*lep"sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a taking

up, or again, recovery, from <?/. See <er>Analemma</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Recovery of strength after

sickness.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of epileptic attack,

originating from gastric disorder.</def>



<hw>An"a*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

restorative: cf. F. <ets>analeptique</ets>. See

<er>Analepsis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Restorative;

giving strength after disease.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

restorative.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`al*ge"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ sense of pain.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sensibility to pain.</def>



<au>Quain.</au>



<hw>An`al*lag*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ a change.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not

changed in form by inversion.</def>



<cs><col>Anallagmatic curves</col>, <cd>a class of curves of the

fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles;

-- sometimes called <xex>bicircular quartics<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Anallagmatic surfaces</col>, <cd>a certain class of surfaces

of the fourth degree.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`al*lan*to"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an

allantois.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`al*lan*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + E. <ets>allantoidea</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division of Vertebrata in which no

allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower

forms.</def>



<hw>A*nal"o*gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Analogous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>An`a*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to analogy.</def>



<au>Geo. Eliot.</au>



<hw>An`a*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or

implying analogy.</def>



<q>When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the

mother country, the expression is <qex>analogical</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having analogy; analogous.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an analogical

sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude.</def>



<q>A prince is <qex>analogically</qex> styled a pilot, being to

the state as a pilot is to the vessel.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>An`a*log"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

analogical.</def>



<hw>A*nal"o*gism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

course of reasoning, fr. <?/ to think over, to calculate]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>Logic</fld> <def>an argument from the cause to

the effect; an <xex>a priori</xex> argument.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Investigation of things by the analogy they bear

to each other.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>A*nal"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy.</def>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>A*nal"o*gize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To employ, or reason

by, analogy.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*nal"o*gon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Analogue.</def>



<hw>A*nal"o*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>analogous</ets>, Gr. <?/ according to a due ratio,

proportionate; <?/ + <?/ ratio, proportion. See

<er>Logic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having analogy; corresponding to

something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often

followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Analogous</qex> tendencies in arts and manners.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<q>Decay of public spirit, which may be considered

<qex>analogous</qex> to natural death.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<cs><col>nalogous pole</col> <fld>(Pyroelect.)</fld>, <cd>that

pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when

heated.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>A*nal"o gous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>A*nal"o*gous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An"a*logue</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<?/, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is analogous

to, or corresponds with, some other thing.</def>



<q>The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its

<qex>analogue</qex> in the insolent tyranny of the many.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philol.)</fld> <def>A word in one language

corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; <as>as, the

Latin \'bdpater\'b8 is the <ex>analogue</ex> of the English

\'bdfather</as>.\'b8</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An organ

which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in

another species or group, or even in the same group; <as>as, the

gill of a fish is the <ex>analogue</ex> of a lung in a quadruped,

although the two are not of like structural relations</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species in one genus or group having its

characters parallel, one by one, with those of another

group.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A species or genus in one country

closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the

same group, in another: such species are often called

<xex>representative species</xex>, and such genera,

<xex>representative genera</xex>.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>A*nal"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Analogies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>analogia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>analogie</ets>. See <er>Analogous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between

things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are

otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning

<xex>enlightens</xex> the mind, because it is to the mind what

<xex>light</xex> is to the eye, enabling it to discover things

before hidden.</def>



<note>Followed by <xex>between</xex>, <xex>to</xex>, or

<xex>with</xex>; as, there is an <xex>analogy between</xex> these

objects, or one thing has an <xex>analogy to</xex> or

<xex>with</xex> another.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Analogy</xex> is very commonly used to denote

similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is

a similarity of <xex>relations</xex>, and in this consists the

difference between the argument from <xex>example</xex> and that

from <xex>analogy</xex>. In the former, we argue from the mere

similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of

their <xex>relations</xex>.</note>



<au>Karslake.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A relation or correspondence

in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly

different.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Proportion; equality of

ratios.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Conformity of words to the

genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of

origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like,

as opposed to <plu>an/xex>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<mhw><hw>An"a*lyse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos>,

<hw>An"a*ly`ser</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, etc.</mhw>

<def>Same as <plw>Analyze</er>, <er>Analyzer</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>A*nal"y*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Analyses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to

unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; <?/ up + <?/

to loose. See <er>Loose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the

intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an

examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately,

as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or

the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is

opposed to <contr>synthesis</contr>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The separation of a compound

substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a

view to ascertain either <it>(a)</it> what elements it contains,

or <it>(b)</it> how much of each element is present. The former

is called <stype>qualitative</stype>, and the latter

<stype>quantitative analysis</stype>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The tracing of things to

their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original

principles.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The resolving of problems by

reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A syllabus, or table of the

principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural

order.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A brief, methodical illustration

of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly

synonymous with <xex>synopsis</xex>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>The process of

ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of

classification, by means of an analytical table or key.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Ultimate</col>, <col>Proximate</col>,

<col>Qualitative</col>, <col>Quantitative</col>, and

<col>Volumetric analysis</col></mcol>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <cd>See

under <er>Ultimate</er>, <er>Proximate</er>,

<er>Qualitative</er>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"a*lyst</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>analyste</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now

commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*lyt"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>analytique</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent

parts; <as>as, an <ex>analytical</ex> experiment;

<ex>analytic</ex> reasoning</as>; -- opposed to

<contr>synthetic</contr>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Analytical</col> or <col>co\'94rdinate

geometry</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Geometry</er>.</cd> --

<col>Analytic language</col>, <cd>a noninflectional language or

one not characterized by grammatical endings.</cd> --

<col>Analytical table</col> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a table

in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are

arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their

names.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an analytical

manner.</def>



<hw>An`a*lyt"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

science of analysis.</def>



<hw>An"a*ly`za*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be analyzed.</def>



<hw>An`a*ly*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts;

analysis.</def>



<hw>An"a*lyze</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Analyzed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Analyzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>analyser</ets>. See <er>Analysis</er>.]</ety> <def>To

subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its

elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose

of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner

as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined;

<as>as, to <ex>analyze</ex> a fossil substance; to

<ex>analyze</ex> a sentence or a word; to <ex>analyze</ex> an

action to ascertain its morality.</as></def>



<q>No one, I presume, can <qex>analyze</qex> the sensations of

pleasure or pain.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>An"a*ly`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, analyzes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The part of a polariscope

which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its

properties.</def>



<hw>An`a*mese"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native of Anam.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An`am*ne"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to remind, recall to memory; <?/ + <?/ to put in

mind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A recalling to mind;

recollection.</def>



<hw>An`am*nes"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Aiding the memory; <as>as, <ex>anamnestic</ex>

remedies</as>.</def>



<hw>An*am`ni*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Without, or not developing, an

amnion.</def>



<hw>An`a*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

again + <?/ form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A distorted

image.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A gradual progression from

one type to another, generally ascending.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to form anew; <?/ again + <?/ to form; <?/

form.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Persp.)</fld> <def>A distorted or

monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or

curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as

reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears

regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anamorphism</er>,

<er>2</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A morbid or monstrous

development, or change of form, or degeneration.</def>



<hw>An`a*mor"pho*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anamorphosis</er>.</def>



<hw>A*nan"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anon</er>.]</ety> <def>An expression equivalent to What did

you say? Sir? Eh?</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*na"nas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>ananas</ets>, from the native American name.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pineapple <spn>(Ananassa

sativa)</spn>.</def>



<hw>An*an"drous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ a man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of

stamen<?/ as certain female flowers.</def>



<hw>An*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + E. <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no

angle.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*an"ther*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + E. <ets>anther</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Destitute of anthers.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>An*an"thous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ a flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of

flowers; flowerless.</def>



<mhw><hw>An`a*p\'91st</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An`a*p\'91s"tic<hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>. <def>Same as <er>Anapest</er>,

<er>Anapestic</er>.</def>



<hw>An"a*pest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anapaestus</ets>, Gr. <?/ an anapest, <it>i.e.</it>, a

dactyl reserved, or, as it were, <ets>struck back</ets>; fr. <?/;

<?/ back + <?/ to strike.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>

<def>A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two

short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (#); the reverse

of the <xex>dactyl</xex>. In Latin <xex>d<?/-<?/-t\'bes</xex>,

and in English <xex>in-ter-vene<?/</xex>, are examples of

anapests.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A verse composed of such feet.</def>



<hw>An`a*pes"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anapaesticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an

anapest; consisting of an anapests; <as>as, an <ex>anapestic</ex>

meter, foot, verse</as>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>

Anapestic measure or verse.</def></def2>



<hw>An`a*pes"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anapestic.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*naph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to carry up or back; <?/ + <?/ to

carry.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A repetition of a word or

of words at the beginning of two or more successive

clauses.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*aph`ro*dis"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ sexual pleasure, <?/ the

goddess of love.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence of sexual

appetite.</def>



<hw>An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ pertaining to venery.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>An*aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ without love.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Produced without

concourse of sexes.</def>



<hw>An`a*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to anaplasty.</def>



<hw>An`a*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

again + <?/ to form: cf. F. <ets>anaplastie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The art of operation of restoring lost

parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.</def>



<hw>An`a*ple*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anapleroticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ to fill up; <?/ + <?/ to

fill.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Filling up; promoting

granulation of wounds or ulcers.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A remedy which promotes such granulation.</def></def2>



<hw>A*nap"no*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

respiration + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of

spirometer.</def>



<hw>An`ap*no"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

respiration.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to

respiration.</def>



<hw>An*ap`o*deic"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/. See <er>Apodeictic</er>.]</ety> <def>Not

apodeictic; undemonstrable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8An`a*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ back + <?/ offshoot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr\'91.</def>



<hw>An`ap*tot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

back + <?/ belonging to case.]</ety> <def>Having lost, or tending

to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; <as>as,

<ex>anaptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*ap"ty*chus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anaptichi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

unfolding; <?/ back + <?/ to fold.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as

the ammonites.</def>



<hw>An"arch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without head or chief; <?/ priv. + <?/ beginning, the first

place, magistracy, government.]</ety> <def>The author of anarchy;

one who excites revolt.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Imperial <qex>anarchs</qex> doubling human woes.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>A*nar"chal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lawless;

anarchical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men

<qex>anarchal</qex> which are in a state of effervescence.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*nar"chic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*nar"chic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anarchique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to anarchy; without

rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce

anarchy; <as>as, <ex>anarchic</ex> despotism; <ex>anarchical</ex>

opinions.</as></def>



<hw>An"arch*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anarchisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine or practice of

anarchists.</def>



<hw>An"arch*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anarchiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>An anarch; one who advocates

anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.</def>



<hw>An"arch*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

reduce to anarchy.</def>



<hw>An"arch*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf.

F. <ets>anarchie</ets>. See <er>Anarch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Absence of government; the state of society where there is

no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political

confusion.</def>



<q>Spread <qex>anarchy</qex> and terror all around.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.</def>



<q>There being then . . . an <qex>anarchy</qex>, as I may term

it, in authors and their re<?/koning of years.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>\'d8An`ar*throp"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ without joints + <ets>-poda</ets>. See

<er>Anarthrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as

the annelids; -- opposed to <xex>Arthropoda</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`ar*throp"o*dous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having no jointed legs; pertaining to

Anarthropoda.</def>



<hw>An*ar"throus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without joints, without the article; <?/ priv. + <?/ joint, the

article.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>Used

without the article; <as>as, an <ex>anarthrous</ex>

substantive</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without joints, or having

the joints indistinct, as some insects.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"nas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of water fowls,

of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water

ducks.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`a*sar"ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ throughout + <?/, <?/, flesh.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular

tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance,

occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.</def>



<hw>An`a*sar"cous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy;

dropsical.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>An`a*stal"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ <-- p. 54 --> fitted for checking, fr. <?/ + <?/ to

send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Styptic.

<mark>[Obs.]<mark></def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>An"a*state</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up

+ <?/ to make to stand.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>One of

a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by

constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of

protoplasm; -- opposed to <xex>katastate</xex>.</def>



<au>Foster.</au>



<hw>An`a*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

up + <?/ to make to stand: cf. <?/ causing to stand.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from

characters in relief on zinc plates.</def>



<note>In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of

any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered

with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be

printed from.</note>



<hw>A*nas"to*mose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. p. p.</pos> <er>Anastomozed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. <?/ vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anastomosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anastomoser</ets>, fr. <ets>anastomose</ets>. See

<er>Anastomosis</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>To

inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries

and veins.</def>



<q>The ribbing of the leaf, and the <qex>anastomosing</qex>

network of its vessels.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*nas`to*mo"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Anastomoses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ opening, fr. <?/ to furnish with a mouth or opening,

to open; <?/ + <?/ mouth: cf. F. <ets>anastomose</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat. & Bot.)</fld> <def>The inosculation of vessels, or

intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the

cross communication between arteries or veins.</def>



<hw>A*nas`to*mot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to anastomosis.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*nas"tro*phe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to turn up or back; <?/ + <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet. & Gram.)</fld> <def>An inversion of the natural order

of words; <as>as, <ex>echoed the hills</ex>, for, the <ex>hills

echoed</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*nath"e*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anathemas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ anything devoted, esp. to

evil, a curse; also L. <ets>anath<?/ma</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a

votive offering; all fr. <?/ to set up as a votive gift,

dedicate; <?/ up + <?/ to set. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A ban or curse pronounced with religious

solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by

excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as

accursed.</def>



<q>[They] denounce <qex>anathemas</qex> against unbelievers.</q>

<qau>Priestley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.</def>



<q>Finally she fled to London followed by the

<qex>anathemas</qex> of both [families].</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by

ecclesiastical authority.</def>



<q>The Jewish nation were an <qex>anathema</qex> destined to

destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from

it, to become an <qex>anathema</qex>, and be destroyed

himself.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<cs><col>Anathema Maranatha</col> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>(see <au>1

Cor. xvi. 22</au>)</ety>, <cd>an expression commonly considered

as a highly intensified form of <xex>anathema<xex>.  <xex>Maran

atha<xex> is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning,

\'bdOur Lord cometh.\'b8</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, </mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a cursing; cf. F. <ets>anath\'82matisme</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Anathematization.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We find a law of Justinian forbidding <qex>anathematisms</qex>

to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists.</q>

<qau>J. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>anathematisatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>A*nath"e*ma*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anathematized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anathematizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>anathematizare</ets>, Gr. <?/ to devote, make accursed: cf.

F. <ets>anath\'82matiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce an

anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as

something accursed.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who pronounces an anathema.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*nat"i*fa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anatif\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., contr. fr.

<ets>anatifera</ets>. See <er>Anatiferous</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal of the barnacle tribe, of

the genus <spn>Lepas</spn>, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a

goose barnacle. See <er>Cirripedia</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>Anatif\'91</xex>, in the plural, is

often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.</note>



<hw>A*nat"i*fer</hw>, <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anatifa</er>.</def>



<hw>An`a*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a duck +

<ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing

ducks; -- applied to <xex>Anatif\'91</xex>, under the absurd

notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See

<er>Barnacle</er>.</def>



<hw>An"a*tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anatinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anas</ets>, <ets>anatis</ets>, a

duck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

ducks; ducklike.</def>



<hw>A*nat"o*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anatocismus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ again + <?/ to lend on

interest.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Compound interest.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`a*tom"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An`a*tom"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anatomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>anatomique</ets>. See

<er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to anatomy or

dissection; <as>as, the <ex>anatomic</ex> art;

<ex>anatomical</ex> observations.</as></def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>An`a*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an anatomical

manner; by means of dissection.</def>



<hw>A*nat"o*mism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anatomisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The application of

the principles of anatomy, as in art.</def>



<q>The stretched and vivid <qex>anatomism</qex> of their [<it>i.

e.</it>, <qex>the French</qex>] <qex>great figure

painters</qex>.</q>

<qau>The London Spectator.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The doctrine that the anatomical structure

explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal

life.</def>



<hw>A*nat"o*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anatomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is skilled in the art

of anatomy, or dissection.</def>



<hw>A*nat`o*mi*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of anatomizing.</def>



<hw>A*nat"o*mize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anatomized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anatomizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anatomiser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dissect; to cut

in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of

displaying or examining the structure and use of the several

parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To discriminate minutely or carefully; to

analyze.</def>



<q>If we <qex>anatomize</qex> all other reasonings of this

nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of

cause and effect.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>A*nat"o*mi`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

dissector.</def>



<hw>A*nat"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anatomies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>anatomie</ets>, L. <ets>anatomia</ets>, Gr. <?/ dissection,

fr. <?/ to cut up; <?/ + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts

of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure,

and economy; dissection.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> The science which treats of the structure of organic

bodies; anatomical structure or organization.</def>



<q>Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according

to the knowledge of them which is given us by

<qex>anatomy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ \'bdAnimal anatomy\'b8 is sometimes called

<plu>zomy</xex>; \'bdvegetable anatomy,\'b8 <xex>phytotomy</xex>;

\'bdhuman anatomy,\'b8 <xex>anthropotomy</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Comparative anatomy</col> <cd>compares the structure of

different kinds and classes of animals.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treatise or book on anatomy.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of dividing anything, corporeal or

intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis;

<as>as, the <ex>anatomy</ex> of a discourse</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or

which has the appearance of being so.</def>



<q>The <qex>anatomy</qex> of a little child, representing all

parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of

a man in full stature.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,



A mere <qex>anatomy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An`a*trep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[overturning, fr. <?/ to turn up or over; <?/ + <?/ too

turn.]</ety> <def> Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's

<xex>refutative</xex> dialogues.</def>



<au>Enfield.</au>



<hw>\'d8An"a*tron</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anatron</ets>, <ets>natron</ets>, Sp. <ets>anatron</ets>,

<ets>natron</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>al</ets>-<ets>natr<?/n</ets>. See

<er>Natron</er>, <er>Niter</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Native carbonate of soda; natron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Glass gall or sandiver.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Saltpeter.</def>



<au>Coxe. Johnson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*nat"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*nat"ro*pous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up + <?/ to

turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the ovule inverted at

an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the

apparent apex; -- opposed to <xex>orthotropous</xex>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>A*nat"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Annotto</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>An"bur-y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Am"bur*y</hw><mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ampre</ets>,

<ets>ompre</ets>, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E.

<ets>amper</ets> a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first

syllable in <ets>agnail</ets>, and <ets>berry</ets> a

fruit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A soft tumor or

bloody wart on horses or oxen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; --

called also <altname>fingers and toes</altname>.</def>



<hw>*ance</hw>. <ety>[F. <ets>-ance</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>-antia</ets> and also fr. <ets>-entia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; <as>as,

assist<ex>ance</ex>, resist<ex>ance</ex>, appear<ex>ance</ex>,

eleg<ex>ance</ex></as>. See <er>-ancy</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ All recently adopted words of this class take either

-<xex>ance</xex> or -<xex>ence</xex>, according to the Latin

spelling.</note>



<hw>An"ces*tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ancestre</ets>, <ets>auncestre</ets>, also

<ets>ancessour</ets>; the first forms fr. OF.

<ets>ancestre</ets>, F. <ets>anc\'88tre</ets>, fr. the L. nom.

<ets>antessor</ets> one who goes before; the last form fr. OF.

<ets>ancessor</ets>, fr. L. acc. <ets>antecessorem</ets>, fr.

<ets>antecedere</ets> to go before; <ets>ante</ets> before +

<ets>cedere</ets> to go. See <er>Cede</er>, and cf.

<er>Antecessor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One from whom a

person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at

any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>An earlier type; a

progenitor; <as>as, this fossil animal is regarded as the

<ex>ancestor</ex> of the horse</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One from whom an estate has

descended; -- the correlative of <xex>heir</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ancestral.</def>



<au>Grote.</au>



<hw>An`ces*to"ri*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With regard to

ancestors.</def>



<hw>An*ces"tral</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or

ancestors; <as>as, an <ex>ancestral</ex> estate</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Ancestral</xex> trees.\'b8



<au>Hemans.</au>



<hw>An"ces*tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

ancestor.</def>



<hw>An"ces*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>ancesserie</ets>. See <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth

or honorable descent.</def>



<q>Title and <qex>ancestry</qex> render a good man more

illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage,

or those who compose the line of natural descent.</def>



<hw>An"chor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anker</ets>, AS. <ets>ancor</ets>, <ets>oncer</ets>, L.

<ets>ancora</ets>, sometimes spelt <ets>anchora</ets>, fr. Gr.

<?/, akin to E. <ets>angle</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ancre</ets>. See

<er>Angle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A iron

instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or

chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth

by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular

station.</def>



<note><hand/ The common anchor consists of a straight bar called

a <xex>shank</xex>, having at one end a transverse bar called a

<xex>stock</xex>, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the

other end the <xex>crown</xex>, from which branch out two or more

<xex>arms</xex> with <xex>flukes</xex>, forming with the shank a

suitable angle to enter the ground.</note>



<note>Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the

<xex>sheet anchor</xex> (hence, <xex>Fig</xex>., best hope or

last refuge), called also <altname>waist anchor</altname>. Now

the <xex>bower</xex> and the <xex>sheet anchor</xex> are usually

alike. Then came the <xex>best bower</xex> and the <xex>small

bower</xex> (so called from being carried on the bows). The

<xex>stream anchor</xex> is one fourth the weight of the bower

anchor. <xex>Kedges</xex> or <xex>kedge anchors</xex> are light

anchors used in warping.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose

like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold

a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or

other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the

core of a mold in place.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which gives stability or security;

that on which we place dependence for safety.</def>



<q>Which hope we have as an <qex>anchor</qex> of the soul.</q>

<qau>Heb. vi. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An emblem of hope.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A metal tie

holding adjoining parts of a building together.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or

arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is

seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also

<altname>egg-and-dart</altname>,

<altname>egg-and-tongue</altname>) ornament.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the anchor-shaped

spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules

of certain Holothurians, as in species of

<spn>Synapta</spn>.</def>



<cs><col>Anchor ice</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ice</er>.</cd> --

<col>Anchor ring</col>. <cd><fld>(Math.)</fld> Same as

<er>Annulus</er>, 2 (b).</cd> -- <col>Anchor stock</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the crossbar at the top of the shank at

right angles to the arms.</cd> -- <col>The anchor comes

home</col>, <cd>when it drags over the bottom as the ship

drifts.</cd> -- <col>Foul anchor</col>, <cd>the anchor when it

hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or

wreck, or when the slack cable entangled.</cd> -- <col>The anchor

is acockbill</col>, <cd>when it is suspended perpendicularly from

the cathead, ready to be let go.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is

apeak</col>, <cd>when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring

to ship directly over it.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The anchor is

atrip</col>, or <col>aweigh</col></mcol>, <cd>when it is lifted

out of the ground.</cd> -- <col>The anchor is awash</col>,

<cd>when it is hove up to the surface of the water.</cd> --

<col>At anchor</col>, <cd>anchored.</cd> -- <col>To back an

anchor</col>, <cd>to increase the holding power by laying down a

small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the

cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming

home.</cd> -- <col>To cast anchor</col>, <cd>to drop or let go an

anchor to keep a ship at rest.</cd> -- <col>To cat the

anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the

ring-stopper.</cd> -- <col>To fish the anchor</col>, <cd>to hoist

the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and

pass the shank painter.</cd> -- <col>To weigh anchor</col>,

<cd>to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"chor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anchored</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anchoring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ancrer</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place at anchor; to

secure by an anchor; <as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> a

ship</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition;

<as>as, to <ex>anchor</ex> the cables of a suspension

bridge</as>.</def>



<q>Till that my nails were <qex>anchored</qex> in thine eyes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An"chor</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cast

anchor; to come to anchor; <as>as, our ship (or the captain)

<ex>anchored</ex> in the stream</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop; to fix or rest.</def>



<q>My invention . . . <qex>anchors</qex> on Isabel.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An"chor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>anker</ets>,

<ets>ancre</ets>, AS. <ets>ancra</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>anachoreta</ets>. See <er>Anchoret</er>.]</ety> <def>An

anchoret.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An"chor*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fit for

anchorage.</def>



<hw>An"chor*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at

anchor.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place suitable for anchoring or where ships

anchor; a hold for an anchor.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The set of anchors belonging to a ship.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something which holds like an anchor; a hold;

<as>as, the <ex>anchorages</ex> of the Brooklyn

Bridge</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Something on which one may depend for security;

ground of trust.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>An"cho*rage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Abode of an

anchoret.</def>



<hw>An"chor*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anchor-shaped.</def>



<hw>An"chored</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; <as>as, an

<ex>anchored</ex> bark</as>; also, shaped like an anchor; forked;

<as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex> tongue</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities turned

back, like the flukes of an anchor; <as>as, an <ex>anchored</ex>

cross</as>.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt

<asp>ancred</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An"cho*ress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

anchoret.</def>



<q>And there, a saintly <qex>anchoress</qex>, she dwelt.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<mhw><hw>An"cho*ret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"cho*rite</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>anachor\'8ate</ets>, L.

<ets>anachoreta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to go back, retire;

<?/ + <?/ to give place, retire, <?/ place; perh. akin to Skr.

<ets>h\'be</ets> to leave. Cf. <er>Anchor</er> a hermit.]</ety>

<def>One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually

for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse.</def> <altsp>[Written

by some authors <asp>anachoret</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an

<qex>anchorite's</qex> or a monastic life, but a social and

affable way of conversing with mortals.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`cho*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`cho*ret"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to an anchoret or

hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.</def>



<hw>An"cho*ret`ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hermitlike.</def>



<hw>An"cho*ret*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or mode of life of an anchoret.</def>



<hw>An"chor-hold`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it

holds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Firm hold: security.</def>



<hw>An"cho*rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anchoret</er>.</def>



<hw>An"cho*ri`tess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

anchoress.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"chor*less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without an

anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.</def>



<hw>An*cho"vy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>anchoa</ets>, <ets>anchova</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anchova</ets>,

prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr.

Bisc. <ets>antzua</ets> dry: cf. D. <ets>anchovis</ets>, F.

<ets>anchois</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family

<spn>(Engraulis encrasicholus)</spn>, caught in vast numbers in

the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also

applied to several allied species.</def>



<-- p. 55 -->



<hw>An*cho"vy pear`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled;

also, the tree <spn>(Grias cauliflora)</spn> bearing this

fruit.</def>



<hw>An"chu*sin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anchusa</ets> the plant alkanet, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A resinoid coloring matter obtained from

alkanet root.</def>



<hw>An"chy*lose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anchylosed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anchylosing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ankyloser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To affect or be affected with

anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint;

to grow together into one.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>ankylose</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Owen.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'d8An`chy*lo"sis</hw>, <hw>An`ky*lo"sis</hw></mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to crook, stiffen, fr. <?/ crooked: cf. F.

<ets>ankylose</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff

joint.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The union of two or more

separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or

other structures in various animals.</def>



<hw>An`chy*lot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to anchylosis.</def>



<hw>An"cient</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>auncien</ets>, F. <ets>ancien</ets>, LL.

<ets>antianus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before. See

<er>Ante-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Old;

that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great

distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically

applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; --

opposed to <xex>modern</xex>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex> authors,

literature, history; <ex>ancient</ex> days.</as></def>



<q>Witness those <qex>ancient</qex> empires of the earth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Gildas Albanius . . . much <qex>ancienter</qex> than his

namesake surnamed the Wise.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Old; that has been of long duration; of long

standing; of great age; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex> forest; an

<ex>ancient</ex> castle.</as></def> \'bdOur <xex>ancient</xex>

bickerings.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Remove not the <qex>ancient</qex> landmarks, which thy fathers

have set.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxii. 28.</qau>



<q>An <qex>ancient</qex> man, strangely habited, asked for

quarters.</q>

<qau>Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Known for a long time, or from early times; --

opposed to <xex>recent</xex> or <xex>new</xex>; <as>as, the

<ex>ancient</ex> continent</as>.</def>



<q>A friend, perhaps, or an <qex>ancient</qex> acquaintance.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial;

venerable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he

seem very grave and <qex>ancient</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Experienced; versed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most

<qex>ancient</qex> in the business of the realm.</q>

<qau>Berners.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Former; sometime.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They mourned their <qex>ancient</qex> leader lost.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Ancient demesne</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a

tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign

of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of

these were all entered in a book called <xex>Domesday

Book<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Ancient lights</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>windows and other openings which have been enjoined without

molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some

of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive

right.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated;

old-fashioned; obsolete.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Ancient</er>,

<er>Antiquated</er>, <er>Obsolete</er>, <er>Antique</er>,

<er>Antic</er>, <er>Old</er>. -- <xex>Ancient</xex> is opposed to

<xex>modern</xex>, and has antiquity; <as>as, an <ex>ancient</ex>

family, <ex>ancient</ex> landmarks, <ex>ancient</ex>

institutions, systems of thought, etc.</as> 

<xex>Antiquated</xex> describes that which has gone out of use or

fashion; <as>as, <ex>antiquated</ex> furniture,

<ex>antiquated</ex> laws, rules, etc.</as>  <xex>Obsolete</xex>

is commonly used, instead of <xex>antiquated</xex>, in reference

to language, customs, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>obsolete</ex> word or

phrase, an <ex>obsolete</ex> expression</as>. <xex>Antique</xex>

is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down

from the ancients; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> cameo, bust,

etc.</as> ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work

of art; <as>as, an <ex>antique</ex> temple</as>. In the days of

Shakespeare, <xex>antique</xex> was often used for

<xex>ancient</xex>; as, \'bdan <xex>antique</xex> song,\'b8

\'bdan <xex>antique</xex> Roman;\'b8 and hence, from singularity

often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of

grotesque; as, \'bdan oak whose <xex>antique</xex> root peeps

out; \'b8 and hence came our present word <xex>antic</xex>,

denoting grotesque or ridiculous.  We usually apply both

<xex>ancient</xex> and <xex>old</xex> to things subject to

gradual decay. We say, an <xex>old</xex> man, an

<xex>ancient</xex> record; but never, the <xex>old</xex> stars,

an <xex>old</xex> river or mountain. In general, however,

<xex>ancient</xex> is opposed to <xex>modern</xex>, and

<xex>old</xex> to <xex>new</xex>, <xex>fresh</xex>, or

<xex>recent</xex>. When we speak of a thing that existed

formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use

<xex>ancient</xex>; as, <xex>ancient</xex> republics,

<xex>ancient</xex> heroes; and not <xex>old</xex> republics,

<xex>old</xex> heroes. But when the thing which began or existed

in former times is still in existence, we use either

<xex>ancient</xex> or <xex>old</xex>; <as>as, <ex>ancient</ex>

statues or paintings, or <ex>old</ex> statues or paintings</as>;

<xex>ancient</xex> authors, or <xex>old</xex> authors, meaning

books.</usage>



<hw>An"cient</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf>

<def>Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the

<xex>moderns</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a

ruler; a person of influence.</def>



<q>The Lord will enter into judgment with the <qex>ancients</qex>

of his people, and the princes thereof.</q>

<qau>Isa. iii. 14.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A senior; an elder; a predecessor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his

<qex>ancients</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the

senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.</def>



<cs><col>Council of Ancients</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>,

<cd>one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in

1795.</cd>



<au>Brande.</au>

</cs>



<hw>An"cient</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted from

<ets>ensign</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ensign or

flag.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced

<qex>ancient</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bearer of a flag; an ensign.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This is Othello's <qex>ancient</qex>, as I take it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An"cient*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In ancient

times.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In an ancient manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"cient*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.</def>



<hw>An"cient*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Antiquity; what is ancient.</def>



<q>They contain not word of <qex>ancientry</qex>.</q>

<qau>West.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Old age; also, old people.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Wronging the <qex>ancientry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of

birth.</def>



<q>A gentleman of more <qex>ancientry</qex> than estate.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>An"cient*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anciennet\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>ancien</ets>. See

<er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Age; antiquity.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Martin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Seniority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8An*ci"le</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The sacred shield of the Romans,

said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the

palladium of Rome.</def>



<hw>An"cil*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ancillaris</ets>, fr. <ets>ancilla</ets> a female

servant.]</ety> <def>Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid;

auxiliary.</def>



<q>The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered

as inferior, and even <qex>ancillary</qex>, to the greater

province.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<hw>An*cille"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ancelle</ets>, L. <ets>ancilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

maidservant; a handmaid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An*cip"i*tous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>anceps</ets>,

<ets>ancipitis</ets>, two-headed, double; <ets>an-</ets> for

<ets>amb-</ets> on both sides + <ets>caput</ets> head.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-edged instead of round; -- said of

certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also

of leaves.</def>



<hw>An*cis"troid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ a hook + <?/ shape.]</ety> <def>Hook-shaped.</def>



<hw>An"cle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ankle</er>.</def>



<hw>An"come</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ancuman</ets>, <ets>oncuman</ets>, to come.]</ety> <def>A

small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boucher.</au>



<hw>\'d8An"con</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; L. <plu>pl.

<plw>Ancones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ the

bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The olecranon, or the elbow.</def>



<cs><col>Ancon sheep</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a breed of

sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in

Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the <altname>otter

breed</altname>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"con</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"cone</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ancon</er>,

above.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The corner or

quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Gwilt</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bracket supporting a cornice;

a console.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"co*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An*co"ne*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the ancon or elbow.</def>  \'bdThe olecranon on

<xex>anconeal</xex> process.\'b8



<au>Flower.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*co"ne*us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>ancon</ets> elbow.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

muscle of the elbow and forearm.</def>



<hw>An"co*noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Elbowlike;

anconal.</def>



<hw>An"co*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Iron Work)</fld> <def>A piece of malleable

iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but

unwrought at the ends.</def>



<hw>-an*cy</hw>. <ety>[L. -<ets>antia</ets>.-]</ety> <def>A

suffix expressing more strongly than -<xex>ance</xex> the idea of

quality or state; <as>as, const<ex>ancy</ex>, buoy<ex>ancy</ex>,

inf<ex>ancy</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>And</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>and</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>endi</ets>, Icel.

<ets>enda</ets>, OHG. <ets>anti</ets>, <ets>enti</ets>,

<ets>inti</ets>, <ets>unti</ets>, G. <ets>und</ets>, D.

<ets>en</ets>, OD. <ets>ende</ets>. Cf, <er>An</er> if,

<er>Ante-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A particle which

expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to

conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence

with a sentence.</def>



<note>(a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, \'bdthere are

women <xex>and</xex> women,\'b8 that is, two very different sorts

of women.



(b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory

of the other, are connected by <xex>and</xex>; as, \'bdthe

<xex>tediousness and</xex> process of my travel,\'b8 that is, the

tedious process, etc.; \'bdthy fair <xex>and outward</xex>

character,\'b8 that is, thy outwardly fair character,



<au>Schmidt's Shak. Lex.</au></note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival

<xex>to</xex>, especially after <xex>try</xex>, <xex>come</xex>,

<xex>go</xex>.</def>



<q>At least to try <qex>and</qex> teach the erring soul.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere

expletive.</def>



<q>When that I was <qex>and</qex> a little tiny boy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>If; though. See <er>An</er>,

<pos>conj.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>As they will set an house on fire, <qex>and</qex> it were but

to roast their eggs.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>And so forth</col>, <cd>and others; and the rest; and

similar things; and other things or ingredients. The

abbreviation, <xex>etc.<xex> (<xex>et cetera<xex>), or

<xex>&c.<xex>, is usually read <xex>and so forth<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"da*ba*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>andabata</ets> a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought

hoodwinked.]</ety> <def>Doubt; uncertainty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shelford.</au>



<hw>An`da*lu"site</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually

in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale

reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*dan"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>andante</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>andare</ets> to go.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Moving moderately slow, but distinct and

flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than

allegretto.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A movement or

piece in andante time.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An`dan*ti"no</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.,

dim. of <ets>andante</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Rather

quicker than andante; between that allegretto.</def>



<note><hand/ Some, taking <xex>andante</xex> in its original

sense of \'bdgoing,\'b8 and <xex>andantino</xex> as its

diminutive, or \'bdless going,\'b8 define the latter as slower

than <xex>andante</xex>.</note>



<hw>An"da*rac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption

of <ets>sandarac</ets>.]</ety> <def>Red orpiment.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>An*de"an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the

Andes.</def>



<hw>An"des*ine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the

<xex>Andes</xex>.</def>



<hw>An"des*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially

of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or

hypersthene.</def>



<hw>An"dine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Andean; <as>as,

<ex>Andine</ex> flora</as>.</def>



<hw>And"i`ron</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anderne</ets>, <ets>aunderne</ets>, <ets>aundyre</ets>, OF.

<ets>andier</ets>, F. <ets>landier</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>andena</ets>, <ets>andela</ets>, <ets>anderia</ets>, of

unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with

<ets>brand</ets>-<ets>iron</ets>, AS.

<ets>brand</ets>-<ets>\'c6sen</ets>.]</ety> <def>A utensil for

supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on

each side; a firedog; <as>as, a pair of

<ex>andirons</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>An`dra*nat"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, man + <?/: cf. F. <ets>andranatomie</ets>. See

<er>Anatomy</er>, <er>Androtomy</er>.]</ety> <def>The dissection

of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*dr\'d2"ci*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/, <?/, man + <?/ house.]</ety>

<fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>The stamens of a flower taken

collectively.</def>



<hw>An"dro*gyne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An hermaphrodite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An androgynous plant.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*drog"y*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*drog"y*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>androgynus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/

woman: cf. F. <ets>androgyne</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of

both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<q>The truth is, a great mind must be <qex>androgynous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing both staminiferous and

pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*drog"y*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*drog"y*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Union of both sexes in one individual;

hermaphroditism.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"droid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8 <hw>An*droi"des</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of man's form;

<?/, <?/, man + <?/ form.]</ety> <def>A machine or automaton in

the form of a human being.</def>



<hw>An"droid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a man.</def>



<hw>An*drom"e*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a

rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by

Perseus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern

constellation, supposed to represent the mythical

Andromeda.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of ericaceous

flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original

species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"dron</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>andron</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, man.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. &

Rom. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment appropriated for the males.

This was in the lower part of the house.</def>



<hw>An`dro*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, man + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Produced

by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers,

like the garden ranunculus.</def>



<au>Brande.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*droph"a*gi</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/, <?/, man + <?/ to eat.]</ety>

<def>Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*droph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anthropophagous.</def>



<hw>An"dro*phore</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, man + <?/ to bear.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A support or column on which stamens are raised.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The part which in some

Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.</def>



<hw>An"dro*sphinx</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, man + <?/ sphinx.]</ety> <fld>(Egypt. Art.)</fld> <def>A man

sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a

lion.</def>



<hw>An"dro*spore</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a man + <?/ a seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore of

some alg\'91, which has male functions.</def>



<hw>An*drot"o*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the filaments of the stamens

divided into two parts.</def>



<hw>An*drot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, man + <?/ a cutting. Cf. <er>Anatomy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from

<xex>zo\'94tomy</xex>; anthropotomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>*an"drous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/, a

man.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A terminal combining form:

Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; <as>as,

mon<ex>androus</ex>, with one stamen; poly<ex>androus</ex>, with

many stamens.</as></def>



<hw>A*near"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>near</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Near.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdIt did not come

<xex>anear</xex>.\'b8



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<q>The measure of misery <qex>anear</qex> us.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*near"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To near; to

approach.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>A*neath"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>neath</ets> for

<ets>beneath</ets>.]</ety> <def>Beneath.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>An"ec*do`tage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anecdotes

collectively; a collection of anecdotes.</def>



<q>All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it

altogether, upon <qex>anecdotage</qex>, must be a tissue of

lies.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>An"ec*do`tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or abounding with, anecdotes; <as>as, <ex>anecdotal</ex>

conversation</as>.</def>



<hw>An"ec*dote</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anecdote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ not published; <?/ priv. + <?/

given out, <?/ to give out, to publish; <?/ out + <?/ to give.

See <er>Dose</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Unpublished narratives.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular or detached incident or fact of an

interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single

passage of private life.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ec*dot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ec*dot"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to,

anecdotes.</def>  \'bd<xex>Anecdotical</xex> traditions.\'b8



<au>Bolingbroke.</au>



<hw>An"ec*do"tist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

relates or collects anecdotes.</def>



<hw>An"e*lace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anlace</er>.</def>



<hw>A*nele"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anelien</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on + AS. <ets>ele</ets> oil, L.

<ets>oleum</ets>. See <er>Oil</er>, <er>Anoil</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To anoint.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give extreme unction to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. of Brunne.</au>



<hw>An`e*lec"tric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + E. <ets>electric</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<def>Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to

<xex>idioelectric</xex>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

substance incapable of being electrified by

friction.</def></def2>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<hw>An`e*lec"trode</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

up + E. <ets>electrode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The

positive pole of a voltaic battery.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`e*lec*trot"o*nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ up + E. <ets>electrotonus</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The condition of decreased

irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode

or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through

it.</def>



<au>Foster.</au>



<hw>A*nem"o*gram</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wind + <ets>-gram</ets>.]</ety> <def>A record made by an

anemograph.</def>



<hw>A*nem"o*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wind + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

and recording the direction and force of the wind.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<-- p. 56 -->



<hw>A*nem`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to

anemography.</def>



<hw>An`e*mog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wind + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

description of the winds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of recording the direction and force of

the wind, as by means of an anemograph.</def>



<hw>An`e*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wind + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of the

wind.</def>



<hw>An`e*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wind + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`e*mo*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`e*mo*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to anemometry.</def>



<hw>An`e*mo*met"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anemometer</ets> + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

anemograph.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>An`e*mom"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the

wind.</def>



<hw>A*nem"o*ne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anemone</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the

<xex>Ranunculus</xex> or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the

species are cultivated in gardens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sea anemone. See

<er>Actinia</er>, and <er>Sea anemone</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is sometimes pronounced

<xex><?/n<?/<?/-m<?/<?/-n<?/</xex>, especially by classical

scholars.</note>



<hw>An`e*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable

substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.</def>



<hw>A*nem"o*nin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable

substance, obtained from some species of anemone.</def>



<hw>A*nem"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Anemone</er>.</def>



<au>Sandys.</au>



<hw>An`e*morph"i*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ wind + <?/ lover.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Fertilized by

the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is

carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-Fertilized.</def>



<au>Lubbock.</au>



<hw>A*nem"o*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wind + -scope: cf. F. <ets>an\'82moscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a

weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a

vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with

pointers to show the changes of the wind.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*en`ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`en*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, priv. + <?/ the brain: cf.

<er>Encephalon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without a

brain; brainless.</def>



<au>Todd & B.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*nenst"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*nent"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anent</ets>, <ets>anentis</ets>, <ets>anence</ets>,

<ets>anens</ets>, <ets>anents</ets>, AS. <ets>onefen</ets>,

<ets>onemn</ets>; <ets>an</ets>, <ets>on</ets>, on +

<ets>efen</ets> even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with,

even with, beside. See <er>Even</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Over against;

<as>as, he lives <ex>anent</ex> the church</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>About; concerning; in respect; <as>as, he said

nothing <ex>anent</ex> this particular</as>.</def>



<hw>An*en"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ intestine, <?/ within, <?/ in.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a stomach or an

intestine.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>An"e*roid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ wet, moist + <ets>-oid</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>an\'82ro\'8bde</ets>.]</ety> <def>Containing no liquid; --

said of kind of barometer.</def>



<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer the action of

which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the

elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which

the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of

pressure.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"e*roid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aneroid

barometer.</def>



<hw>Anes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'d8An`es*the"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>An`es*thet"ic</hw> (#)</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>An\'91sthesia</er>, <er>An\'91sthetic</er>.</def>



<hw>An"et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aneth</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anethum</ets>, Gr. <?/. See

<er>Anise</er>.]</ety> <def>The herb dill, or dillseed.</def>



<hw>An"e*thol</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aneth</ets>um (see <er>Anise</er>) + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance obtained from the volatile

oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales;

-- called also <altname>anise camphor</altname>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>A*net"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aneticus</ets>, Gr. <?/ relaxing; <?/ back + <?/ to

send.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Soothing.</def>



<hw>An"eu*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a widening, an opening; <?/ up + <?/ wide.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor,

containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or

rupture of the coats of an artery.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>aneurysm</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An`eu*ris"mal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aneurism; <as>as,

an <ex>aneurismal</ex> tumor; <ex>aneurismal</ex>

diathesis.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>aneurysmal</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*new"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>new</ets>.]</ety> <def>Over again; another

time; in a new form; afresh; <as>as, to arm <ex>anew</ex>; to

create <ex>anew</ex>.</as></def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>An*frac"tu*ose`</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Anfractuous</er>.]</ety> <def>Anfractuous; <as>as,

<ex>anfractuose</ex> anthers</as>.</def>



<hw>An*frac`tu*os"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><plu>;

l</xex>. <plw>Anfractuosities</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anfractuosit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A state of

being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings;

sinuosity.</def>



<q>The <qex>anfractuosities</qex> of his intellect and

temper.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A sinuous depression or

sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.</def>



<hw>An*frac"tu*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anfractuosus</ets>, fr. <ets>anfractus</ets> a turning, a

winding, fr. the unused <ets>anfringere</ets> to wind, bend;

<ets>an-</ets>, for <ets>amb-</ets> + <ets>fractus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>frangere</ets> to break: cf. F.

<ets>anfractueux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Winding; full of windings and

turnings; sinuous; tortuous; <as>as, the <ex>anfractuous</ex>

spires of a born</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An*frac"tu*ous*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*frac"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A mazy

winding.</def>



<hw>An*ga"ri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>angariatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angaria</ets> service to a

lord, villenage, fr. <ets>anga<?/<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ (a Persian

word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.]</ety>

<def>Exaction of forced service; compulsion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Speed.</au>



<mhw><hw>An`gei*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>An`gei*ot"o*my</hw>, etc.</mhw> <def>Same as

<er>Angiology</er>, <er>Angiotomy</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>An"gel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91angel</ets>, <ets>engel</ets>, influenced by OF.

<ets>angele</ets>, <ets>angle</ets>, F. <ets>ange</ets>. Both the

AS. and the OF. words are from L. <ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/

messenger, a messenger of God, an angel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A messenger.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The dear good <qex>angel</qex> of the Spring,

The nightingale.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in

power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as

God's messengers.</def>



<q>O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,

Thou hovering <qex>angel</qex>, girt with golden wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of a class of \'bdfallen angels;\'b8 an evil

spirit; <as>as, the devil and his <ex>angels</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A minister or pastor of a church, as in the

Seven Asiatic churches.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Unto-the <qex>angel</qex> of the church of Ephesus write.</q>

<qau>Rev. ii. 1.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Attendant spirit; genius; demon.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An appellation given to a person supposed to be

of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling.</def>



<q>When pain and anguish wring the brow.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>An ancient gold coin of

England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied

in value from 6<xex>s</xex>. 8<xex>d</xex>. to

10<xex>s</xex>.</def>



<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Angel</xex> is sometimes used adjectively; as,

<xex>angel</xex> grace; <xex>angel</xex> whiteness.</note>



<cs><col>Angel bed</col>, <cd>a bed without posts.</cd> --

<col>Angel fish</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> A

species of shark <spn>(Squatina angelus)</spn> from six to eight

feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It

takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and

extend horizontally like wings when spread. <sd>(b)</sd> One of

several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas,

belonging to the family, <spn>Ch\'91todontid\'91</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Angel gold</col>, <cd>standard gold. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Fuller</au>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shark</col>. <cd>See

<er>Angel fish</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angel shot</col>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of chain shot.</cd> -- <col>Angel

water</col>, <cd>a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from

<xex>angelica<xex>; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and

orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>An"gel*age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Existence or

state of angels.</def>



<hw>An"gel*et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>angelet</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small gold coin formerly

current in England; a half angel.</def>



<au>Eng. Cyc.</au>



<hw>An"gel fish</hw>. <def> See under <er>Angel</er>.</def>



<hw>An"gel*hood</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being an angel; angelic nature.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*gel"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An*gel"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angelicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>ang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to, or proceeding

from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the

nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Angelic</xex> harps.\'b8

<au>Thomson</au>.\'bd<xex>Angelical</xex> actions.\'b8

<au>Hooker</au>.



<q>The union of womanly tenderness and <qex>angelic</qex>

patience.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Angelic Hymn</col>, <cd>a very ancient hymn of the

Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song

of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14.</cd></cs>



<au>Eadie.</au>



<hw>An*gel"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Angelica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or derived

from angelica; <as>as, <ex>angelic</ex> acid; <ex>angelic</ex>

ether.</as></def>



<cs><col>Angelic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from angelica

and some other plants.</cd></cs>



<hw>An*gel"i*ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. See

<er>Angelic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

aromatic umbelliferous plant (<spn>Archangelica officinalis</spn>

or <spn>Angelica archangelica</spn>) the leaf stalks of which are

sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and

seeds as an aromatic tonic.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The candied leaf stalks of angelica.</def>



<cs><col>Angelica tree</col>, <cd>a thorny North American shrub

<spn>(Aralia spinosa)</spn>, called also <altname>Hercules'

club</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like

an angel.</def>



<hw>An*gel"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being angelic; excellence more than human.</def>



<hw>An*gel"i*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

like an angel; to angelize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Farindon (1647).</au>



<hw>An"gel*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To raise

to the state of an angel; to render angelic.</def>



<q>It ought not to be our object to <qex>angelize</qex>, nor to

brutalize, but to humanize man.</q>

<qau>W. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>An"gel*like`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos>

<def>Resembling an angel.</def>



<hw>An`gel*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ angel + <?/ service, worship.]</ety> <def>Worship paid to

angels.</def>



<hw>An`gel*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angelus</ets>, Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to

angels.</def>



<q>The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same

<qex>angelology</qex>, demonology.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>An`gel*oph"a*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ angel + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <def>The actual appearance of

an angel to man.</def>



<hw>An"ge*lot</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>angelot</ets>, LL. <ets>angelotus</ets>,

<ets>angellotus</ets>, dim. of <ets>angelus</ets>. See

<er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A French gold coin of the

reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a

piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now

disused.</def>



<au>Johnson. R. Browning.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sort of small, rich cheese, made in

Normandy.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"ge*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A form

of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at

morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The Angelus bell.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>An"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anger</ets>, <ets>angre</ets>, affliction, anger, fr. Icel.

<ets>angr</ets> affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. <ets>anger</ets>

regret, Swed. <ets>\'86nger</ets> regret, AS. <ets>ange</ets>

oppressed, sad, L. <ets>angor</ets> a strangling, anguish,

<ets>angere</ets> to strangle, Gr. <?/ to strangle, Skr.

<ets>amhas</ets> pain, and to. <ets>anguish</ets>,

<ets>anxious</ets>, <ets>quinsy</ets>, and perh. <ets>awe</ets>,

<ets>ugly</ets>. The word seems to have orig. meant to

<ets>choke</ets>, <ets>squeeze</ets>. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore,

etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the

greatest <qex>anger</qex> and soreness still continued.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or

antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to

one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury.</def>



<q><qex>Anger</qex> is like

A full hot horse, who being allowed his way,

Self-mettle tires him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall;

choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Anger</er>, <er>Indignation</er>,

<er>Resentment</er>, <er>Wrath</er>, <er>Ire</er>, <er>Rage</er>,

<er>Fury</er>. <xex>Anger</xex> is a feeling of keen displeasure

(usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong

toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but

is not necessarily criminal. <xex>Indignation</xex> is a generous

outburst of anger in view of things which are <xex>indigna</xex>,

or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel,

flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. <xex>Resentment</xex>

is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed

personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See

<er>Resentment</er>. <xex>Wrath</xex> and <xex>ire</xex> (the

last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly

provoked. <xex>Rage</xex> is a vehement ebullition of anger; and

<xex>fury</xex> is an excess of rage, amounting almost to

madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to

<xex>anger</xex>; a high sense of honor creates

<xex>indignation</xex> at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is

apt to cherish <xex>resentment</xex>; the <xex>wrath</xex> and

<xex>ire</xex> of men are often connected with a haughty and

vindictive spirit; <xex>rage</xex> and <xex>fury</xex> are

distempers of the soul to be regarded only with

abhorrence.</usage>



<hw>An"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Angered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Angering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>angra</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make painful; to

cause to smart; to inflame.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He . . . <qex>angereth</qex> malign ulcers.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.</def>



<q>Taxes and impositions . . . which rather <qex>angered</qex>

than grieved the people.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<hw>An"ger*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Angrily.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>



<q>Why, how now, Hecate! you look <qex>angerly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An"ge*vine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Angevin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Anjou in

France. -- <pos>n.</pos> A native of Anjou.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`gi*en"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ receptacle + <?/. Formed like

<er>Parenchyma</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Vascular

tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred,

and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*gi"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>angere</ets> to strangle, to choke. See <er>Anger</er>,

n.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any inflammatory affection of

the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup,

etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking,

or shortness of breath.</def>



<cs><col>Angina pectoris</col> <pr>(#)</pr>, <cd>a peculiarly

painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction

or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also

<altname>breast pang</altname>, <altname>spasm of the

chest</altname>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"gi*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"gi*nose`</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.</def>



<hw>An"gi*o-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ vessel

receptacle.]</ety> <def>A prefix, or combining form, in numerous

compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to

something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.</def>



<hw>An`gi*o*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having fruit inclosed within a covering that

does not form a part of itself; <as>as, the filbert covered by

its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule</as>. <au>Brande &

C.</au></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Having the seeds or spores

covered, as in certain lichens.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>An`gi*of"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>angiographie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

description of blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>



<hw>An`gi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of

blood vessels and lymphatics.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`gi*o"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets></[Angio-</ets> + <ets>-oma</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood

vessels.</def>



<hw>An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>monospermous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing one seed only in a seed

pod.</def>



<hw>An"gi*o*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and

plants.</def>



<au>Morin.</au>



<hw>An"gi*o*sperm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a

pericarp.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is restricted to exogenous plants, and

applied to one of the two grand divisions of these species, the

other division including gymnosperms, or those which have naked

seeds. The oak, apple, beech, etc., are <xex>angiosperms</xex>,

while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are

<xex>gymnosperms</xex>.</note>



<hw>An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Angiospermous</er>.</def>



<hw>An`gi*o*sper"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other

pericarp.</def>



<hw>An`gi*os"po*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having spores contained in cells or

thec\'91, as in the case of some fungi.</def>



<hw>An`gi*os"to*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>With a narrow mouth, as the shell of

certain gastropods.</def>



<hw>An`gi*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angio-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Dissection of the blood vessels and

lymphatics of the body.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<-- p. 57  -->



<hw>An"gle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>angle</ets>, L. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner; akin to

<ets>uncus</ets> hook, Gr. <?/ bent, crooked, angular, <?/ a bend

or hollow, AS. <ets>angel</ets> hook, fish-hook, G.

<ets>angel</ets>, and F. <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner;

a nook.</def>



<q>Into the utmost <qex>angle</qex> of the world.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>To search the tenderest <qex>angles</qex> of the heart.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The figure made

by. two lines which meet.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The difference

of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of

meeting is the vertex of the angle.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A projecting or sharp corner; an angular

fragment.</def>



<q>Though but an <qex>angle</qex> reached him of the stone.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>A name given to four of the

twelve astrological \'bdhouses.\'b8</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <ety>[AS. <ets>angel</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fishhook;

tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait,

with or without a rod.</def>



<q>Give me mine <qex>angle</qex>: we 'll to the river there.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A fisher next his trembling <qex>angle</qex> bears.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Acute angle</col>, <cd>one less than a right angle, or

less than 90<deg/.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Adjacent</col> or

<col>Contiguous angles</col></mcol>, <cd>such as have one leg

common to both angles.</cd> -- <col>Alternate angles</col>.

<cd>See <er>Alternate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bar</col>.

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> An upright bar at the angle

where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet.

<xex>Knight<xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> Same as

<er>Angle iron</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angle bead</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of

any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a

wall.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Angle brace</col>, <col>Angle

tie</col></mcol> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>a brace across an

interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and

securing the two side pieces together.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. --

<col>Angle iron</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a rolled bar or

plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the

corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron

structure to which it is riveted.</cd> -- <col>Angle leaf</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a detail in the form of a leaf, more or

less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to

strengthen an angle.</cd> -- <col>Angle meter</col>, <cd>an

instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of

strata.</cd> -- <col>Angle shaft</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an

enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or

both.</cd> -- <col>Curvilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by two

curved lines.</cd> -- <col>External angles</col>, <cd>angles

formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are

produced or lengthened.</cd> -- <col>Facial angle</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Facial</er>.</cd> -- <col>Internal angles</col>,

<cd>those which are within any right-lined figure.</cd> --

<col>Mixtilineal angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right line with

a curved line.</cd> -- <col>Oblique angle</col>, <cd>one acute or

obtuse, in opposition to a <xex>right angle<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Obtuse angle</col>, <cd>one greater than a right angle, or

more than 90<deg/.</cd> -- <col>Optic angle</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Optic</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Rectilineal</col> or

<col>Right-lined angle</col></mcol>, <cd>one formed by two right

lines.</cd> -- <col>Right angle</col>, <cd>one formed by a right

line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90<deg/

(measured by a quarter circle).</cd> -- <col>Solid angle</col>,

<cd>the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane

angles at one point.</cd> -- <col>Spherical angle</col>, <cd>one

made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually

cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere.</cd> --

<col>Visual angle</col>, <cd>the angle formed by two rays of

light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an

object to the center of the eye.</cd> -- <mcol><col>For Angles of

commutation</col>, <col>draught</col>, <col>incidence</col>,

<col>reflection</col>, <col>refraction</col>,

<col>position</col>, <col>repose</col>,

<col>fraction</col></mcol>, <cd>see <er>Commutation</er>,

<er>Draught</er>, <er>Incidence</er>, <er>Reflection</er>,

<er>Refraction</er>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"gle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Angled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Angling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fish with an angle

(fishhook), or with hook and line.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to

scheme; <as>as, to <ex>angle</ex> for praise</as>.</def>



<q>The hearts of all that he did <qex>angle</qex> for.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To try to gain by some

insinuating artifice; to allure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHe

<xex>angled</xex> the people's hearts.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>An"gled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an angle

or angles; -- used in compounds; <as>as, right-<ex>angled</ex>,

many-<ex>angled</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<q>The thrice three-<qex>angled</qex> beechnut shell.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>An"gle*me`ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to

measure the dip of strata.</def>



<hw>An"gler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who angles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish <spn>(Lophius

piscatorius)</spn>, of Europe and America, having a large, broad,

and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar

appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes

within reach. Called also <altname>fishing frog</altname>,

<altname>frogfish</altname>, <altname>toadfish</altname>,

<altname>goosefish</altname>, <altname>allmouth</altname>,

<altname>monkfish</altname>, etc.</def>



<hw>An"gles</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Angli</ets>. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>An ancient Low German tribe, that

settled in Britain, which came to be called

<xex>Engla</xex>-<xex>land</xex> (Angleland or England). The

Angles probably came from the district of <xex>Angeln</xex> (now

within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower

Hanover, etc.</def>



<hw>An"gle*site</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

Isle of <ets>Anglesea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish

transparent, prismatic crystals.</def>



<hw>An"gle*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angle</ets> + <ets>wise</ets>, OE. <ets>wise</ets>

manner.]</ety> <def>In an angular manner; angularly.</def>



<hw>An"gle*worm`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A earthworm of the genus

<spn>Lumbricus</spn>, frequently used by anglers for bait. See

<er>Earthworm</er>.</def>



<hw>An"gli*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Angles.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One

of the Angles.</def></def2>



<hw>An"glic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Anglian.</def>



<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Angli</ets> the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower

Germany. Cf.</pos> <er>English</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation;

especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established

church of England; <as>as, the <ex>Anglican</ex> church,

doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by,

the high church party of the Church of England.</def>



<hw>An"gli*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A member of the Church of England.</def>



<q>Whether Catholics, <qex>Anglicans</qex>, or Calvinists.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a restricted sense, a member of the High

Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the

Church of England.</def>



<hw>An"gli*can*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church

of England.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principles of the established church of

England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the

high-church party.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Attachment to England or English

institutions.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"gli*ce</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>In English; in the English manner; <as>as,

Livorno, <ex>Anglice</ex> Leghorn</as>.</def>



<hw>An*glic"i*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>Anglicus</ets> English + <er>-fly</er>.]</ety> <def>To

anglicize.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"gli*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anglicisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An English idiom;

a phrase or form language peculiar to the English.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality of being English; an English

characteristic, custom, or method.</def>



<hw>An*glic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being English.</def>



<hw>An`gli*ci*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of anglicizing, or making English in character.</def>



<hw>An"gli*cize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anglicized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anglicizing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make English; to

English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or

to English analogies.</def>



<hw>An"gli*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anglified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Anglifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>Angli +

-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into English; to

anglicize.</def>



<au>Franklin. Darwin.</au>



<hw>An"gling</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one

who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line.</def>



<au>Walton.</au>



<hw>An"glo-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[NL. <ets>Anglus</ets>

English. See <er>Anglican</er>.]</ety> <def>A combining form

meaning the same as <xex>English</xex>; or <xex>English

and</xex>, or <xex>English conjoined with</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>Anglo-</ex>Turkish treaty, <ex>Anglo-</ex>German,

<ex>Anglo-</ex>Irish</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Anglo-American</col>, <pos>.</pos> <cd>Of or pertaining

to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen

in America.</cd> -- <pos>n.</pos> <cd>A descendant from English

ancestors born in America, or the United States.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Anglo-Danish</col>, <pos>a.</pos> <cd>Of or pertaining

to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in

England.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Anglo-Indian</col>, <pos>a.</pos> <cd>Of or pertaining

to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian

peoples or languages. -- <pos>n.</pos> <cd>One of the

Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Anglo-Norman</col>, <pos>a.</pos> <cd>Of or pertaining

to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in

England. -- <pos>n.</pos> <cd>One of the English Normans, or the

Normans who conquered England.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Anglo-Saxon</col>. <cd>See <er>Anglo-Saxon</er> in the

Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>, <def>Of or pertaining

to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; --

sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of

the Church of England.</def>



<hw>An"glo-Cath"o*lic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A member of the

Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more

specifically, a High Churchman.</def>



<hw>An"glo*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anglo'cf</ets> + <ets>mania</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania

for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs,

institutions, etc.</def>



<hw>An`glo*ma"ni*ac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One affected with

Anglomania.</def>



<hw>An`glo*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Anglo-

+ Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Intense dread of, or aversion to,

England or the English.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An"glo*phobe</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Angli</ets>-<ets>Saxones</ets> English Saxons.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A Saxon of Britain, that is, an <xex>English

Saxon</xex>, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as

distinguished from a continental (or \'bdOld\'b8) Saxon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>The Teutonic people (Angles,

Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively,

before the Norman Conquest.</def>



<q>It is quite correct to call \'92thelstan \'bdKing of the

<qex>Anglo-Saxons</qex>,\'b8 but to call this or that subject of

\'92thelstan \'bdan <qex>Anglo-Saxon</qex>\'b8 is simply

nonsense.</q>

<qau>E. A. Freeman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The language of the English people before the

Conquest (sometimes called <xex>Old English</xex>). See

<er>Saxon</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the race or people who claim descent from

the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in

England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.</def>



<hw>An"glo-Sax"on</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

the Anglo-Saxons or their language.</def>



<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*dom</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States,

etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.</def>



<hw>An"glo-Sax"on*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race;

especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon,

or English in its ethnological sense.</def>



<hw>An*go"la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption

of <ets>Angora</ets>.]</ety> <def>A fabric made from the wool of

the Angora goat.</def>



<hw>An*go"la pea`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

tropical plant <spn>(Cajanus indicus)</spn> and its edible seed,

a kind of pulse; -- so called from <ets>Angola</ets> in Western

Africa. Called also <altname>pigeon pea</altname> and

<altname>Congo pea</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"gor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Great anxiety

accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the

belly, often with palpitation and oppression.</def>



<hw>An*go"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A city of Asia

Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Angora cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of

the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the

brownish white color. Called also <altname>Angola cat</altname>.

See <er>Cat</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angora goat</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of the domestic goat, reared

for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for

manufacture.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`gos*tu"ra bark"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Angostura</ets>, in Venezuela.]</ety> <def>An aromatic bark

used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family

<spn>(Galipea cusparia, or officinalis)</spn>.</def>



<au>U. S. Disp.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`gou`mois" moth"</hw> <pr>(?; 115)</pr>. <ety>[So named

from <ets>Angoumois</ets> in France.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A small moth <spn>(Gelechia cerealella)</spn> which is very

destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the

inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.</def>



<hw>An"gri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an angry

manner; under the influence of anger.</def>



<hw>An"gri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

angry, or of being inclined to anger.</def>



<q>Such an <qex>angriness</qex> of humor that we take fire at

everything.</q>

<qau>Whole Duty of Man.</qau>



<hw>An"gry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Angrier</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Angriest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Troublesome; vexatious;

rigorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God had provided a severe and <qex>angry</qex> education to

chastise the forwardness of a young spirit.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inflamed and painful, as a sore.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger;

feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by

<xex>with</xex> before a person, and <xex>at</xex> before a

thing.</def>



<q>Be not grieved, nor <qex>angry</qex> with yourselves.</q>

<qau>Gen. xlv. 5.</qau>



<q>Wherefore should God be <qex>angry</qex> at thy voice?</q>

<qau>Eccles. v. 6.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as

if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; <as>as,

<ex>angry</ex> words or tones; an <ex>angry</ex> sky;

<ex>angry</ex> waves.</as></def> \'bdAn <xex>angry</xex>

countenance.\'b8



<au>Prov. xxv. 23.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Red.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Sweet rose, whose hue, <qex>angry</qex> and brave.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Sharp; keen; stimulated.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I never ate with <qex>angrier</qex> appetite.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible;

indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot;

raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed;

infuriated.</syn>



<hw>An"gui*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angius</ets> snake + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Snake-shaped.</def>



<hw>An*guil"li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anguilla</ets> eel (dim. of <ets>anguis</ets> snake) +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Eel-shaped.</def>



<note><hand/ The \'bd<xex>Anguill\'91formes</xex>\'b8 of Cuvier

are fishes related to thee eel.</note>



<hw>An"guine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anguinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anguis</ets> snake.]</ety> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>anguine</xex> or snakelike reptiles.\'b8



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>An*guin"e*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anguineous.</def>



<hw>An*guin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anguineus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snakelike.</def>



<hw>An"guish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anguishe</ets>, <ets>anguise</ets>, <ets>angoise</ets>, F.

<ets>angoisse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustia</ets> narrowness,

difficulty, distress, fr. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow, difficult,

fr. <ets>angere</ets> to press together. See

<er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <def>Extreme pain, either of body or mind;

excruciating distress.</def>



<q>But they hearkened not unto Moses for <qex>anguish</qex> of

spirit, and for cruel bondage.</q>

<qau>Ex. vi. 9.</qau>



<q><qex>Anguish</qex> as of her that bringeth forth her first

child.</q>

<qau>Jer. iv. 31.</qau>



<note>Rarely used in the plural: -



<q>Ye miserable people, you must go to God in

<qex>anguishes</qex>, and make your prayer to him.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau></note>



<syn>Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See

<er>Agony</er>.</syn>



<hw>An"guish</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>angoisser</ets>, fr. L. <ets>angustiare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>To distress with extreme pain or grief.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Temple.</au>



<hw>An"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angularis</ets>, fr. <ets>angulus</ets> angle, corner. See

<er>Angle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to an angle or

to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner;

sharp-cornered; pointed; <as>as, an <ex>angular</ex>

figure</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Measured by an angle; <as>as, <ex>angular</ex>

distance</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp

and stiff in character; <as>as, remarkably <ex>angular</ex> in

his habits and appearance; an <ex>angular</ex> female.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Angular aperture</col>, <col>Angular

distance</col></mcol>. <cd>See <er>Aperture</er>,

<er>Distance</er>.</cd> -- <col>Angular motion</col>, <cd>the

motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a

planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the

point or axis by a line drawn to the body.</cd> -- <col>Angular

point</col>, <cd>the point at which the sides of the angle meet;

the vertex.</cd> -- <col>Angular velocity</col>, <cd>the ratio of

anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"gu*lar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone

in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and

fishes.</def>



<hw>An`gu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being angular; angularness.</def>



<hw>An"gu*lar*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

angular manner; with of at angles or corners.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>An"gu*lar*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

angular.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"gu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"gu*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angulare</ets> to make

angular.]</ety> <def>Having angles or corners; angled; <as>as,

<ex>angulate</ex> leaves</as>.</def>



<hw>An"gu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

angular.</def>



<hw>An`gu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A making

angular; angular formation.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>An"gu*lo-den"tate</hw><pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>. <ety>[L.

<ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>dens</ets>, <ets>dentis</ets>,

tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Angularly toothed, as

certain leaves.</def>



<hw>An"gu*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angulus</ets> angle + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for measuring external angles.</def>



<hw>An"gu*lose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Angulous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An`gu*los"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A state

of being angulous or angular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An"gu*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angulosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anguleux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Angular; having corners; hooked.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Held together by hooks and <qex>angulous</qex>

involutions.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<hw>An*gust"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angustus</ets>. See <er>Anguish</er>.]</ety> <def>Narrow;

strait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An*gus"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>angustatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>angustare</ets> to make

narrow.]</ety> <def>Narrowed.</def>



<hw>An`gus*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or making narrow; a straitening or contacting.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<-- p. 58  -->



<mhw>{ <hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>angustus</ets> narrow (see <er>Anguish</er>) +

<ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

narrow leaves.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>An`gus*tu"ra bark`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See <er>Angostura

bark</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`gwan*ti"bo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small lemuroid mammal

(<spn>Arctocebus Calabarensis</spn>) of Africa. It has only a

rudimentary tail.</def>



<hw>An*hang"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>onhangian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To hang.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An`har*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anharmonique</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ harmonic.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Not harmonic.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>The anharmonic function</col> or

<col>ratio</col></mcol> of four points <xex>abcd<xex> on a

straight line is <cd>the quantity

<mathex>(<ratio>ac/ad</ratio>):(<ratio>bc/bd</ratio>)</mathex>,

where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to

the order of the letters.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`he*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anhelatio</ets>, fr. <ets>anhelare</ets> to pant;

<ets>an</ets> (perh. akin to E. <ets>on</ets>) +

<ets>halare</ets> to breathe: cf. F.

<ets>anh\'82lation</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short and rapid breathing;

a panting; asthma.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>An*hele"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>aneler</ets>, <ets>anheler</ets>. See

<er>Anhelation</er>.]</ety> <def>To pant; to be breathlessly

anxious or eager (<xex>for</xex>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They <qex>anhele</qex> . . . for the fruit of our

convocation.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>An"he*lose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Anhelous;

panting.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*he"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anhelus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Short of breath; panting.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"hi*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Brazilian

name.]</ety> <def>A South American aquatic bird; the horned

screamer or kamichi (<spn>Palamedea cornuta</spn>). See

<er>Kamichi</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*hin"ga</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pg.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic bird of

the southern United States <spn>(Platus anhinga)</spn>; the

darter, or snakebird.</def>



<hw>An*his"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ web, tissue: cf. F. <ets>anhiste</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Without definite structure; <as>as, an

<ex>anhistous</ex> membrane</as>.</def>



<hw>An*hun"gered</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ahungered;

longing.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>An*hy"dride</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of a

nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an

acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because

it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.</def>



<hw>An*hy"drite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anhydrous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a

white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous

sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water

(whence the name).</def>



<hw>An*hy"drous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

wanting water; <?/ priv. + <?/ water.]</ety> <def>Destitute of

water; <as>as, <ex>anhydrous</ex> salts or acids</as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8A"ni</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <hw>\'d8A"no</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native name.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A black bird of tropical America, the

West Indies and Florida <spn>(Crotophaga ani)</spn>, allied to

the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8An"i*cut</hw>, <hw>\'d8An"ni*cut</hw></mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Tamil <ets>anai kattu</ets> dam

building.]</ety> <def>A dam or mole made in the course of a

stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of

irrigation.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>An*id`i*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + E. <ets>idiomatical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not

idiomatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Landor.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"i*ent</hw>, <hw>An`i*en"tise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>anientir</ets>, F.

<ets>an\'82antir</ets>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate; to bring to

naught; to annihilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*nigh"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> + <ets>nigh</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Nigh.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*night"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*nights"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>on

niht</ets>.] <def> In the night time; at night.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Does he hawk <qex>anights</qex> still?</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>An"il</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anil</ets>, Sp. <ets>an\'c6l</ets>, or Pg. <ets>anil</ets>;

all fr. Ar. <ets>an</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets>, for

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>n\'c6l</ets> the indigo plant, fr. Skr.

<ets>n\'c6la</ets> dark blue, <ets>n\'c6l\'c6</ets> indigo,

indigo plant. Cf. <er>Lilac</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

West Indian plant <spn>(Indigofera anil)</spn>, one of the

original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.</def>



<hw>An"ile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anilis</ets>, fr. <ets>anus</ets> an old woman.]</ety>

<def>Old-womanish; imbecile.</def> \'bd<xex>Anile</xex>

ideas.\'b8



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>An"ile*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Anility.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*il"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied

to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"i*lide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides

in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by

phenyl.</def>



<hw>An"i*line</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An organic base

belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in

which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl.

It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo

by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or

nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are

made.</def>



<hw>An"i*line</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made from, or of the

nature of, aniline.</def>



<hw>A*nil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anilitas</ets>. See <er>Anile</er>.]</ety> <def>The state of

being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage.</def> \'bdMarks of

<xex>anility</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

faculty of perceiving; a percipient.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>animadversio</ets>, fr. <ets>animadvertere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>animadversion</ets>. See <er>Animadvert</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or power of perceiving or taking notice;

direct or simple perception.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The soul is the sole percipient which hath

<qex>animadversion</qex> and sense, properly so called.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Monition; warning.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Remarks by way of criticism and usually of

censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.</def>



<q>He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp

<qex>animadversions</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement;

punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdDivine

animadversions.\'b8



<au>Wesley.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame;

comment.</syn>



<hw>An`i*mad*ver"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the power of perceiving; percipient.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<q>I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and

shining to the <qex>animadversive</qex> faculty.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>An`i*mad*vert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Animadverted</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Animadverting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L.  <ets>animadvertere</ets>; <ets>animus</ets> mind +

<ets>advertere</ets> to turn to; <ets>ad</ets> to +

<ets>vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take

notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by

<xex>that</xex>.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To consider or remark by way of criticism or

censure; to express censure; -- with <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>I should not <qex>animadvert</qex> on him . . . if he had not

used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable

Shakespeare.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take cognizance judicially; to inflict

punishment.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Grew.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.</syn>



<hw>An`i*mad*vert"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who animadverts; a censurer; also <mark>[Obs.]</mark>, a

chastiser.</def>



<hw>An"i*mal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>anima</ets> breath, soul: cf. F. <ets>animal</ets>. See

<er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An organized living

being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion,

and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity

or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and

taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in

motive power or active aggressive force with progress to

maturity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as

distinguished from man; <as>as, men and

<ex>animals</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>An"i*mal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or relating to

animals; <as>as, <ex>animal</ex> functions</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a

creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or

spiritual part; <as>as, the <ex>animal</ex> passions or

appetites</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Consisting of the flesh of animals; <as>as,

<ex>animal</ex> food</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Animal magnetism</col>. <cd>See <er>Magnetism</er> and

<er>Mesmerism</er>.</cd> -- <col>Animal electricity</col>,

<cd>the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric

eel, torpedo, etc.</cd> -- <col>Animal flower</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to certain marine animals

resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone,

and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc.</cd> --

<col>Animal heat</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>the heat

generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the

animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature.</cd> --

<col>Animal spirits</col>. <cd>See under <er>Spirit</er>.</cd> --

<col>Animal kingdom</col>, <cd>the whole class of beings endowed

with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under

these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and

sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination,

but variously arranged by different writers.</cd></cs> <note>The

following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the

principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present

time: -



<er>Vertebrata</er>, including <spn>Mammalia</spn> or

<xex>Mammals</xex>, <spn>Aves</spn> or <xex>Birds</xex>,

<spn>Reptilia</spn>, <spn>Amphibia</spn>, <spn>Pisces</spn> or

<xex>Fishes</xex>, <spn>Marsipobranchiata</spn>

(<spn>Craniota</spn>); and <spn>Leptocardia</spn>

(<spn>Acrania</spn>).



<er>Tunicata</er>, including the <spn>Thaliacea</spn>, and

<spn>Ascidioidea</spn> or <xex>Ascidians</xex>.



<er>Articulata</er> or <er>Annulosa</er>, including

<spn>Insecta</spn>, <spn>Myriapoda</spn>, <spn>Malacapoda</spn>,

<spn>Arachnida</spn>, <spn>Pycnogonida</spn>,

<spn>Merostomata</spn>, <spn>Crustacea</spn>

(<spn>Arthropoda</spn>); and <spn>Annelida</spn>,

<spn>Gehyrea</spn> (<spn>Anarthropoda</spn>).



<er>Helminthes</er> or <er>Vermes</er>, including

<spn>Rotifera</spn>, <spn>Ch\'91tognatha</spn>,

<spn>Nematoidea</spn>, <spn>Acanthocephala</spn>,

<spn>Nemertina</spn>, <spn>Turbellaria</spn>,

<spn>Trematoda</spn>, <spn>Cestoidea</spn>, <spn>Mesozea</spn>.



<er>Molluscoidea</er>, including <spn>Brachiopoda</spn> and

<spn>Bryozoa</spn>.



<er>Mollusca</er>, including <spn>Cephalopoda</spn>,

<spn>Gastropoda</spn>, <spn>Pteropoda</spn>,

<spn>Scaphopoda</spn>, <spn>Lamellibranchiata</spn> or

<spn>Acephala</spn>.



<er>Echinodermata</er>, including <spn>Holothurioidea</spn>,

<spn>Echinoidea</spn>, <spn>Asterioidea</spn>,

<spn>Ophiuroidea</spn>, and <spn>Crinoidea</spn>.



<er>C\'d2lenterata</er>, including <spn>Anthozoa</spn> or

<spn>Polyps</spn>, <spn>Ctenophora</spn>, and <spn>Hydrozoa</spn>

or <xex>Acalephs</xex>.



<er>Spongiozoa</er> or <er>Porifera</er>, including the sponges.



<er>Protozoa</er>, including <spn>Infusoria</spn> and

<spn>Rhizopoda</spn>.



For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`i*mal"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`i*mal"cu*line</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules.</def>

\'bd<xex>Animalcular</xex> life.\'b8



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>An`i*mal"cule</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As if

fr. a L. <ets>animalculum</ets>, dim. of

<ets>animal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small animal, as a

fly, spider, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal, invisible, or

nearly so, to the naked eye. See <er>Infusoria</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ Many of the so-called <xex>animalcules</xex> have

been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like

those of animals. Among these are <xex>Volvox</xex>, the

<xex>Desmidiac\'91</xex>, and the siliceous

<xex>Diatomace\'91</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Spermatic animalcules</col>. <cd>See

<er>Spermatozoa</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`i*mal"cu*lism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>animalculisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The

theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and

pathological by means of animalcules.</def>



<hw>An`i*mal"cu*list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>animalculiste</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One versed

in the knowledge of animalcules.</def>



<au>Keith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A believer in the theory of animalculism.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`i*mal"cu*lum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Animalcula</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Animalcule</er>.]</ety> <def>An animalcule.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Animalcul\'91</xex>, as if from a Latin

singular <xex>animalcula</xex>, is a barbarism.</note>



<hw>An"i*mal*ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like an

animal.</def>



<hw>An"i*mal*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animalisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state, activity, or

enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or

moral qualities; sensuality.</def>



<hw>An`i*mal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal existence or

nature.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>An`i*mal*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>animalisation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal

properties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Conversion into animal matter by the process of

assimilation.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>An"i*mal*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Animalized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Animalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animaliser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To endow with the

properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.</def>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To convert into animal matter by the processes

of assimilation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the

state of a lower animal; to sensualize.</def>



<q>The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the

<qex>animalizing</qex> tendency of his own philosophy.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>An"i*mal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Physically.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>An"i*mal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Animality.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anima</ets> breath, life.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to mind or

spirit; spiritual.</def>



<hw>An`i*mas"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Psychology.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Animated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Animating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>animatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>animare</ets>, fr.

<ets>anima</ets> breath, soul; akin to <ets>animus</ets> soul,

mind, Gr. <?/ wind, Skr. <ets>an</ets> to breathe, live, Goth.

<ets>us</ets>-<ets>anan</ets> to expire (<ets>us-</ets> out),

Icel. <ets>\'94nd</ets> breath, <ets>anda</ets> to breathe, OHG.

<ets>ando</ets> anger. Cf. <er>Animal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; <as>as,

the soul <ex>animates</ex> the body</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or

effect of; <as>as, to <ex>animate</ex> a lyre</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or

incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.</def>



<q>The more to <qex>animate</qex> the people, he stood on high .

. . and cried unto them with a loud voice.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate;

inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken;

gladden.</syn>



<hw>An"i*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>animatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Endowed with life; alive;

living; animated; lively.</def>



<q>The admirable structure of <qex>animate</qex> bodies.</q>

<qau>Bentley.</qau>



<hw>An"i*ma`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Endowed

with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively;

vigorous.</def>   \'bd<xex>Animated</xex> sounds.\'b8

<au>Pope</au>. \'bd<xex>Animated</xex> bust.\'b8 <au>Gray</au>.

\'bd<xex>Animated</xex> descriptions.\'b8 <au>Lewis</au>.



<hw>An"i*ma`ted*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

animation.</def>



<hw>An"i*ma`ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

animates.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>An"i*ma"ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing animation;

life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Animating</xex> cries.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>An"i*ma`ting*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`i*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>animatio</ets>, fr. <ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of

being animate or alive.</def>



<q>The <qex>animation</qex> of the same soul quickening the whole

frame.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<q>Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking,

with whatever I posses of <qex>animation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being lively, brisk, or full of

spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; <as>as, he recited the

story with great <ex>animation</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Suspended animation</col>, <cd>temporary suspension of

the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness;

sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness;

energy. See <er>Liveliness</er>.</syn>



<hw>An"i*ma*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <def>Having the

power of giving life or spirit.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>An"i*ma`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>animare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which, animates;

an animater.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"ni*m\'82`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.,

animated.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Of a different tincture

from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious

animal.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"ni*m\'82</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anim\'82</ets> animated (from the insects that are entrapped

in it); or native name.]</ety> <def>A resin exuding from a

tropical American tree <spn>(Hymen\'91a courbaril)</spn>, and

much used by varnish makers.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>An"i*mism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animisme</ets>, fr. L. <ets>anima</ets> soul. See

<er>Animate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The doctrine, taught by

Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and

development in the body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The belief that inanimate objects and the

phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living

soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of

soul or spirit apart from matter.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<hw>An"i*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>animiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who maintains the doctrine

of animism.</def>



<hw>An`i*mis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to animism.</def>



<au>Huxley. Tylor.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`i*mose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"i*mous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>animosus</ets>,

fr. <ets>animus</ets> soul, spirit, courage.]</ety> <def>Full of

spirit; hot; vehement; resolute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>An`i*mose"ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Vehemence of temper.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An`i*mos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Animosities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>animosit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>animositas</ets>. See

<er>Animose</er>, <er>Animate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mere spiritedness or courage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<q>Such as give some proof of <qex>animosity</qex>, audacity, and

execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Violent hatred leading to active opposition;

active enmity; energetic dislike.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- <er>Animosity</er>,

<er>Enmity</er>. <xex>Enmity</xex> be dormant or concealed;

<xex>animosity</xex> is active enmity, inflamed by collision and

mutual injury between opposing parties. The

<xex>animosities</xex> which were continually springing up among

the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and

bloodshed for successive ages. The <xex>animosities</xex> which

have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the

reproach of the church.</syn>



<q>Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and

make <qex>enmities</qex> irreconcilable.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>[These] factions . . . never suspended their

<qex>animosities</qex> till they ruined that unhappy

government.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>An"i*mus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Animi</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., mind.]</ety>

<def>Animating spirit; intention; temper.</def>



<cs><col>nimus furandi</col> <ety>[L.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>intention of stealing.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"i*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, neut.

<?/, p. pr. of <?/ to go up; <?/ up + <?/ to go.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An electro-negative element, or the

element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at

the anode; -- opposed to <er>cation</er>.</def>



<au>Faraday.</au>



<-- p. 59  -->



<hw>An"ise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anys</ets>, F. <ets>anis</ets>, L. <ets>anisum</ets>,

<ets>anethum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An umbelliferous plant <spn>(Pimpinella

anisum)</spn> growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in

Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fruit or seeds of this plant.</def>



<hw>An"i*seed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The seed of

the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it.</def> \'bdOil of

<xex>aniseed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`i*sette"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French cordial or liqueur flavored with

anise seeds.</def>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<hw>A*nis"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or derived

from anise; <as>as, <ex>anisic</ex> acid; <ex>anisic</ex>

alcohol.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An`i*so*dac"ty*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`i*so*dac"tyls</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>anisodactyla</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ unequal (<?/ priv.

+ <?/ equal) + <?/ finger.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by

having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the

elephant, rhinoceros, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of

perching birds which are anisodactylous.</def>



<hw>An`i*so*dac"ty*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Characterized by unequal toes, three

turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine

birds.</def>



<hw>An`i*so*mer"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

unequal +  <?/ part.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not isomeric;

not made of the same components in the same proportions.</def>



<hw>An`i*som"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anisomeric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the

number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six

stamens.</def>



<hw>An`i*so*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + E. <ets>isometric</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not isometric;

having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three

unequal axes.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>An`i*so*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

unequal petals.</def>



<hw>An`i*soph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ unequal + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

unequal leaves.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`i*so*pleu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ side.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A primary division of gastropods,

including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body

are unequally developed.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`i*sop"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ unequal + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Crustacea, which, in

some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and

Isopoda.</def>



<hw>An`i*so*stem"o*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ warp, thread; <?/ to stand.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having unequal stamens; having stamens

different in number from the petals.</def>



<hw>An`i*so*sthen"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ unequal + <?/ strength.]</ety> <def>Of unequal

strength.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"i*so*trope`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`i*so*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ unequal + <?/ a turning, <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Not isotropic; having different

properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the

isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals

are <xex>anisotropic</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`i*sot"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anisotropic.</def>



<hw>An"ker</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>anker</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>anceria</ets>,

<ets>ancheria</ets>.]</ety> <def>A liquid measure in various

countries of Europe. The Dutch <xex>anker</xex>, formerly also

used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or

8<?/ imperial gallons.</def>



<hw>An"ker*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from Prof. <ets>Anker</ets> of Austria: cf. F.

<ets>ank\'82rite</ets>, G. <ets>ankerit</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral closely related to dolomite, but

containing iron.</def>



<hw>An"kle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ancle</ets>, <ets>anclow</ets>, AS. <ets>ancleow</ets>; akin

to Icel. <ets>\'94kkla</ets>, <ets>\'94kli</ets>, Dan. and Sw.

<ets>ankel</ets>, D. <ets>enklaauw</ets>, <ets>enkel</ets>, G.

<ets>enkel</ets>, and perh. OHG. <ets>encha</ets>,

<ets>ancha</ets> thigh, shin: cf. Skr. <ets>anga</ets> limb,

<ets>anguri</ets> finger. Cf. <er>Haunch</er>.]</ety> <def>The

joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.</def>



<cs><col>Ankle bone</col>, <cd>the bone of the ankle; the

astragalus.</cd></cs>



<hw>An"kled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ankles;

-- used in composition; <as>as, well-<ex>ankled</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>An"klet</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ornament or

a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.</def>



<hw>An"ky*lose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Anchylose</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ky*lo"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Anchylosis</er>.</def>



<hw>An"lace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

unknown.]</ety> <def>A broad dagger formerly worn at the

girdle.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>anelace</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ann</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"nat</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>annata</ets> income of a

year, also, of half a year, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F.

<ets>annate</ets> annats.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A

half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the

incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>\'ben\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East Indian money of

account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2<?/ cents.</def>



<hw>An"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Annals</er>.</def>



<hw>An"nal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>annaliste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A writer of annals.</def>



<q>The monks . . . were the only <qex>annalists</qex> in those

ages.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<hw>An`nal*is"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; <as>as,

the dry <ex>annalistic style</ex></as>.</def>\'bd<xex>A stiff

annalistic</xex> method.\'b8



<au>Sir G. C. Lewis.</au>



<hw>An"nal*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To record

in annals.</def>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>An"nals</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annalis</ets> (sc. <ets>liber</ets>), and more frequently in

the pl. <ets>annales</ets> (sc. <ets>libri</ets>), chronicles,

fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A relation of events in chronological order,

each event being recorded under the year in which it

happened.</def>  \'bd<xex>Annals</xex> the revolution.\'b8

<au>Macaulay</au>. \'bdThe <xex>annals</xex> of our religion.\'b8

<au>Rogers</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Historical records; chronicles; history.</def>



<q>The short and simple <qex>annals</qex> of the poor.</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<q>It was one of the most critical periods in our

<qex>annals</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <singf>sing.</singf> <def>The record of a single

event or item.</def>  \'bdIn deathless <xex>annal</xex>.\'b8



<au>Young.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A periodic publication, containing records of

discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; <as>as

\'bd<ex>Annals</ex> of Science.\'b8</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- History. See <er>History</er>.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"nats</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"nates</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ann</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>The first year's

profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy

to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for

the augmentation of poor livings.</def>



<hw>An*neal"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annealed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Annealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to

heat, burn, AS. <ets>an<?/lan</ets>; <ets>an</ets> on +

<ets><?/lan</ets> to burn; also OE. <ets>anelen</ets> to enamel,

prob. influenced by OF. <ets>neeler</ets>, <ets>nieler</ets>, to

put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. <ets>nieller</ets>, fr.

LL. <ets>nigellare</ets> to blacken, fr. L. <ets>nigellus</ets>

blackish, dim. of <ets>niger</ets> black. Cf. <er>Niello</er>,

<er>Negro</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To subject to great heat,

and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal,

for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to

toughen.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in

order to fix the colors laid on them.</def>



<hw>An*neal"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, anneals.</def>



<hw>An*neal"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The process

used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by

allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The burning of metallic colors into glass,

earthenware, etc.</def>



<hw>An*nec"tent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annectere</ets> to tie or bind to. See

<er>Annex</er>.]</ety> <def>Connecting; annexing.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ne*lid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An*nel"i*dan</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ann\'82lide</ets>, fr. <ets>anneler</ets> to arrange in

rings, OF. <ets>anel</ets> a ring, fr. L. <ets>anellus</ets> a

ring, dim. of <ets>annulus</ets> a ring.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Annelida.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Annelida.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*nel"i*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Annelid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of

numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The

principal subdivisions are the <spn>Ch\'91topoda</spn>, including

the <spn>Oligoch\'91ta</spn> or earthworms and

<spn>Polych\'91ta</spn> or marine worms; and the

<spn>Hirudinea</spn> or leeches. See <er>Ch\'91topoda</er>.</def>



<hw>An*nel"i*dous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of the nature of an annelid.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`nel*la"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Annelida</er>.</def>



<hw>An"ne*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>annel\'82</ets> ringed + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal resembling an annelid.</def>



<hw>An*nex"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annexed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Annexing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annexer</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>annexus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets> to tie or

bind to; <ets>ad + nectere</ets> to tie, to fasten together, akin

to Skr. <ets>nah</ets> to bind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To join

or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed

by <xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdHe <xex>annexed</xex> a codicil to a

will.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join or add, as a smaller thing to a

greater.</def>



<q>He <qex>annexed</qex> a province to his kingdom.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attach or connect, as a consequence,

condition, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>annex</ex> a penalty to a

prohibition, or punishment to guilt</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See

<er>Add</er>.</syn>



<hw>An*nex"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To join; to be

united.</def>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>An*nex"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>annexe</ets>, L. <ets>annexus</ets>, neut.

<ets>annexum</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annectere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation

to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a

wing.</def>



<hw>An`nex*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>annexation</ets>. See <er>Annex</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of annexing; process of

attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union;

<as>as, the <ex>annexation</ex> of Texas to the United States, or

of chattels to the freehold</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The union of

property with a freehold so as to become a fixture.

<xex>Bouvier</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> The

appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>An`nex*a"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who favors

annexation.</def>



<hw>An*nex"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

annexes.</def>



<hw>An*nex"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annexio</ets> a tying to, connection: cf. F.

<ets>annexion</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annexation.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An*nex"ion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

annexationist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*nex"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An*ni"hi*la*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being annihilated.</def>



<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annihilated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Annihilating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>annihilare</ets>; <ets>ad + nihilum</ets>, <ets>nihil</ets>,

nothing, <ets>ne hilum</ets> (<ets>filum</ets>) not a thread,

nothing at all. Cf. <er>File</er>, a row.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the

existence of; to cause to cease to be.</def>



<q>It impossible for any body to be utterly

<qex>annihilated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive

properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists;

<as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> a forest by cutting down the

trees</as>.</def> \'bdTo <xex>annihilate</xex> the army.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To destroy or eradicate, as a property or

attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force,

etc., of; <as>as, to <ex>annihilate</ex> an argument, law,

rights, goodness</as>.</def>



<hw>An*ni"hi*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anhilated.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>annihilation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying

the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so

that the name can no longer be applied to it; <as>as, the

<ex>annihilation</ex> of a corporation</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being annihilated.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>

<def>One who believes that eternal punishment consists in

annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.</def>



<hw>An*ni"hi*la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Serving to annihilate; destructive.</def>



<hw>An*ni"hi*la`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, annihilates; <as>as, a fire

<ex>annihilator</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>An*ni"hi*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Annihilative.</def>



<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Annually.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anniversarius</ets>; <ets>annus</ets> year +

<ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to turn: cf. F.

<ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Returning with the year, at

a stated time; annual; yearly; <as>as, an <ex>anniversary</ex>

feast</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Anniversary day</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>. <cd>See

<er>Anniversary</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd> -- <col>Anniversary

week</col>, <cd>that week in the year in which the annual

meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston

and New York. <mark>[Eastern U. S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>An`ni*ver"sa*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu> pl.

<plw>Anniversaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>anniversaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The annual

return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is

wont to be celebrated; <as>as, the <ex>anniversary</ex> of the

Declaration of Independence</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>The day on which Mass is

said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration

of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the

consecration of a pope.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The celebration which takes place on an

anniversary day.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>An"ni*verse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anni versus</ets> the turning of a year.]</ety>

<def>Anniversary.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>An"no*da`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ad</ets> to + <ets>nodus</ets> a knot.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Curved somewhat in the form of the letter

S.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>\'d8An"no Dom"i*ni</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., in the year

of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. <sc>a.

d.</sc>]</ety> <def>In the year of the Christian era; <as>as,

<sc>a. d.</sc> 1887.</as></def>



<hw>An*nom"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

name.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*nom`i*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annominatio</ets>. See <er>Agnomination</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Paronomasia; punning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Alliteration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tyrwhitt.</au>



<hw>An"no*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annotated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Annotating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>annotatus</ets>; p. p. of <ets>annotare</ets> to annotate;

<ets>ad + notare</ets> to mark, <ets>nota</ets> mark. See

<er>Note</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To explain or criticize

by notes; <as>as, to <ex>annotate</ex> the works of

Bacon</as>.</def>



<hw>An"no*tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make notes or

comments; -- with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`no*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annotatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>annotation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the

plural; <as>as, <ex>annotations</ex> on ancient authors, or on a

word or a passage</as>.</def>



<hw>An`no*ta"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

annotator.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"no*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by annotations; of the nature of

annotation.</def>



<hw>An"no*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A writer of annotations; a commentator.</def>



<hw>An*no"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"no*tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annotinus</ets> a year old.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A bird one year old, or that has once molted.</def>



<hw>An*not"i*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annotinus</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A year old; in Yearly growths.</def>



<mhw><hw>An*not"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*not"to</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. the native name.]</ety>

<def>A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the

pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree <spn>(Bixa orellana)</spn>

belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for

coloring cheese, butter, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Anatto</asp>, <asp>Anatta</asp>, <asp>Annatto</asp>,

<asp>Annotta</asp>, etc.]<altsp>



<hw>An*nounce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Announced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Announcing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>anoncier</ets>, F.

<ets>annoncer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annuntiare</ets>; <ets>ad +

nuntiare</ets> to report, relate, <ets>nuntius</ets> messenger,

bearer of news. See <er>Nuncio</er>, and cf.

<er>Annunciate</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give public notice, or first notice of; to

make known; to publish; to proclaim.</def>



<q>Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was <qex>announced</qex> through

the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pronounce; to declare by judicial

sentence.</def>



<q>Publish laws, <qex>announce</qex>

Or life or death.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare;

promulgate.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Publish</er>,

<er>Announce</er>, <er>Proclaim</er>, <er>Promulgate</er>. We

<asp>publish</asp> what we give openly to the world, either by

oral communication or by means of the press; <as>as, to

<ex>publish</ex> abroad the faults of our neighbors</as>. We

<asp>announce</asp> what we declare by anticipation, or make

known for the first time; as, to <asp>announce</asp> the speedy

publication of a book; to <asp>announce</asp> the approach or

arrival of a distinguished personage. We <asp>proclaim</asp>

anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to

<asp>proclaim</asp> the news of victory.  We

<asp>promulgate</asp> when we proclaim more widely what has

before been known by some; as, to <asp>promulgate</asp> the

gospel.</usage>



<hw>An*nounce"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces;

proclamation; publication.</def>



<hw>An*noun"cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

announces.</def>



<-- p. 60  -->



<hw>An*noy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annoyed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Annoying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>anoien</ets>,

<ets>anuien</ets>, OF. <ets>anoier</ets>, <ets>anuier</ets>, F.

<ets>ennuyer</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>,

<ets>enui</ets>, annoyance, vexation, F. <ets>ennui</ets>. See

<er>Annoy</er>, <pos>n.</pos>] To disturb or irritate, especially

by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to

vex; <as>as, I was <ex>annoyed</ex> by his remarks.</as></def>



<q>Say, what can more our tortured souls <qex>annoy</qex>

Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy?</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To molest, incommode, or harm; <as>as, to

<ex>annoy</ex> an army by impeding its march, or by a

cannonade</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex;

tease.</syn>



<hw>An*noy"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anoi</ets>, <ets>anui</ets>, OF. <ets>anoi</ets>,

<ets>anui</ets>, <ets>enui</ets>, fr. L. <ets>in odio</ets>

hatred (esse alicui <ets>in odio</ets>, Cic.). See

<er>Ennui</er>, <er>Odium</er>, <er>Noisome</er>,

<er>Noy</er>.]</ety> <def>A feeling of discomfort or vexation

caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a

feeling; <as>as, to work <ex>annoy</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Worse than Tantalus' is her <qex>annoy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An*noy"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>anoiance</ets>, <ets>anuiance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed;

molestation; vexation; annoy.</def>



<q>A deep clay, giving much <qex>annoyance</qex> to

passengers.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>For the further <qex>annoyance</qex> and terror of any

besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies.</q>

<qau>Wilkins.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which annoys.</def>



<q>A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair,

Any <qex>annoyance</qex> in that precious sense.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>An*noy"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, annoys.</def>



<hw>An*noy"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An*noy"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That annoys; molesting;

vexatious.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An*noy"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*noy"ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>enuius</ets>, <ets>anoios</ets>.]</ety> <def>Troublesome;

annoying.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An"nu*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>annuel</ets>, F. <ets>annuel</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>annualis</ets>, fr. <ets>annus</ets> year. Cf.

<er>Annals</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a

year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year;

yearly.</def>



<q>The <qex>annual</qex> overflowing of the river [Nile].</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by

the year; <as>as, the <ex>annual</ex> motion of the

earth</as>.</def>



<q>A thousand pound a year, <qex>annual</qex> support.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lasting or continuing only one year or one

growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; <as>as, an

<ex>annual</ex> plant; <ex>annual</ex> tickets.</as></def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>An"nu*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thing

happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published

once a year.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one

year or season; an annual plant.</def>



<q>Oaths . . . in some sense almost <qex>annuals</qex>; . . . and

I myself can remember about forty different sets.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A Mass for a deceased

person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on

the anniversary day.</def>



<hw>An"nu*al*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who writes for, or

who edits, an annual.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"nu*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Yearly; year by

year.</def>



<hw>An"nu*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>annuaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Annual.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

yearbook.</def></def2>



<hw>An"nu*el*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A priest

employed in saying <asp>annuals</asp>, or anniversary

Masses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An"nu*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annuens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>annuere</ets>; <ets>ad +

nuere</ets> to nod.]</ety> <def>Nodding; <as>as, <ex>annuent</ex>

muscles (used in nodding)</as>.</def>



<hw>An*nu"i*tant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Annuity</er>.]</ety> <def>One who receives, or its entitled

to receive, an annuity.</def>



<au>Lamb.</au>



<hw>An*nu"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Annuities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL.

<ets>annuitas</ets>, fr. L. <ets>annus</ets> year: cf. F.

<ets>annuit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sum of money, payable

yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or

forever; an annual allowance.</def>



<hw>An*nul"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annulled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Annulling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>annuler</ets>, LL.

<ets>annullare</ets>, <ets>annulare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad</ets>

to + <ets>nullus</ets> none, <ets>nullum</ets>, neut., nothing.

See <er>Null</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

reduce to nothing; to obliterate.</def>



<q>Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct.

And all her various objects of delight

<qex>Annulled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to

abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees,

edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules,

permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component

authority.</def>



<q>Do they mean to <qex>annul</qex> laws of inestimable value to

our liberties?</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse;

rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See <er>Abolish</er>.</syn>



<hw>An"nu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annularis</ets>, fr. <ets>annulis</ets> ring: cf. F.

<ets>annulaire</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or

having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped;

<as>as, <ex>annular</ex> fibers</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Banded or marked with circles.</def>



<cs><col>Annular eclipse</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an

eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse

conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete

ring of light around the border.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`nu*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Annular

condition or form; <as>as, the <ex>annularity</ex> of a

nebula</as>.</def>



<au>J. Rogers.</au>



<hw>An"nu*lar*ry</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an annular

manner.</def>



<hw>An"nu*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annularis</ets>. See <er>Annular</er>.]</ety> <def>Having

the form of a ring; annular.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`nu*la"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Neut. pl., fr. L. <ets>annulatus</ets> ringed.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of articulate animals, nearly

equivalent to <asp>Annelida</asp>, including the marine annelids,

earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See

<er>Annelida</er>.</def>



<hw>An"nu*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulata.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An"nu*late</hw>, <hw>An"nu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>annulatus</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed;

surrounded by rings of color.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Annulata.</def>



<hw>An`nu*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt.</def>



<au>Nicholson.</au>



<hw>An"nu*let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>annulus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A little ring.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small, flat fillet,

encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other

moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric

capital.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A little circle borne as a

charge.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A narrow circle of some

distinct color on a surface or round an organ.</def>



<hw>An*nul"la*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be Annulled.</def>



<hw>An*nul"ler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

annuls.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*nul"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>annulement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of annulling;

abolition; invalidation.</def>



<hw>An"nu*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Annuloida.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`nu*loid"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>annulus</ets> ring +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of

the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups;

sometimes made to include also the helminths and

echinoderms.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Annuloidea</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8An"nu*lo"sa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the

Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes

the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo\'94logists it is

applied to the former only.</def>



<hw>An`nu*lo"san</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Annulosa.</def>



<hw>An"nu*lose`</hw> <pr>(<?/; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annulus</ets> ring.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Furnished with,

or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Annulosa.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"nu*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Annuli</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A ring; a ringlike part or space.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A space

contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within

the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The solid formed by a circle

revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does

not cut it.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Ring-shaped structures or

markings, found in, or upon, various animals.</def>



<hw>An*nu"mer*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annumeratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>annumerare</ets>. See

<er>Numerate</er>.]</ety> <def>To add on; to count in.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wollaston.</au>



<hw>An*nu`mer*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annumeratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Addition to a former

number.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>An*nun"ci*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be announced or declared; declarable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Annunciated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Annunciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>annuntiare</ets>. See <er>Announce</er>.]</ety> <def>To

announce.</def>



<hw>An*nun"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<def>Foretold; preannounced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An*nun`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>annuntiatio</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>annonciation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

announcing; announcement; proclamation; <as>as, the

<ex>annunciation</ex> of peace</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The announcement

of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin

Mary.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The festival celebrated (March

25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the

angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.</def>



<hw>An*nun"ci*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to annunciation; announcing.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>An*nun"ci*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>annuntiator</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of

Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the

festivals to be celebrated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates

the room where attendance is wanted.</def>



<hw>An*nun"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making

known.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A*noa"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small wild ox of

Celebes <spn>(Anoa depressicornis)</spn>, allied to the buffalo,

but having long nearly straight horns.</def>



<hw>An"ode</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ up +

<?/ way.]</ety> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>The positive pole of an

electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the

current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; --

opposed to <xex>cathode</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"o*don</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ toothless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a tooth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water bivalves,

having to teeth at the hinge.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Anodonta</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An"o*dyne</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anodynus</ets>, Gr. <?/ free from pain, stilling pain; <?/

priv. + <?/ pain: cf. F. <ets>anodin</ets>.]</ety> <def>Serving

to assuage pain; soothing.</def>



<q>The <qex>anodyne</qex> draught of oblivion.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe word [in a medical sense] in chiefly applied

to the different preparations of opium, belladonna, hyoscyamus,

and lettuce.\'b8</note>



<au>Am. Cyc.</au>



<hw>An"o*dyne</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>anodynon</ets>.

See <er>Anodyne</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Any medicine

which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that

soothes disturbed feelings.</def>



<hw>An"o*dy`nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anodyne.</def>



<hw>A*noil"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>enoilier</ets>.]</ety> <def>The anoint with oil.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>A*noint"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anointed</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Anointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>enoint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>enoindre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>inungere</ets>; <ets>in + ungere</ets>, <ets>unguere</ets>,

to smear, anoint. See <er>Ointment</er>, <er>Unguent</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous

substance; also, to spread over, as oil.</def>



<q>And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs <qex>anoint</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>He <qex>anointed</qex> the eyes of the blind man with the

clay.</q>

<qau>John ix. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a

sacred rite, especially for consecration.</def>



<q>Then shalt thou take the <qex>anointing</qex> oil, and pour it

upon his [Aaron's] head and <qex>anoint</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Exod. xxix. 7.</qau>



<q><qex>Anoint</qex> Hazael to be king over Syria.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xix. 15.</qau>



<cs><col>The Lord's Anointed</col>, <cd>Christ or the Messiah;

also, a Jewish or other king by \'bddivine right.\'b8</cd></cs>



<qau>1 Sam. xxvi. 9.</qau>



<hw>A*noint"</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Anointed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*noint"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

anoints.</def>



<hw>A*noint"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*no"lis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In the

Antilles, <ets>anoli</ets>, <ets>anoalli</ets>, a lizard.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of lizards which belong to the

family <spn>Iguanid\'91</spn>. They take the place in the New

World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often

called <xex>chameleons</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*nom"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Anything

anomalous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>(#),

<hw>A*nom"a*li*pede</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>pes</ets>,

<ets>pedis</ets>, foot.]</ety> <def>Having anomalous feet.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*li*ped</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more

or less united to the outer and inner ones.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*lism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

anomaly; a deviation from rule.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>anomalistique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Irregular; departing from common or established rules.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the anomaly,

or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.</def>



<cs><col>Anomalistic month</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Month</er>.</cd> -- <col>Anomalistic revolution</col>,

<cd>the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the

complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in

its elliptic orbit to the same again.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Anomalistic</col>, or <col>Periodical

year</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Year</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With

irregularity.</def>



<hw>A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anomalus</ets> irregular + <ets>flos</ets>,

<ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

anomalous flowers.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anomalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ uneven, irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/

even, <?/ same. See <er>Same</er>, and cf.

<er>Abnormal</er>.]</ety> <def>Deviating from a general rule,

method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; <as>as, an

<ex>anomalous</ex> proceeding</as>.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an anomalous

manner.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*lous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

anomalous.</def>



<hw>A*nom"a*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anomalies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>anomalia</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Anomalous</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity;

anything anomalous.</def>



<q>We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various

<qex>anomalies</qex> and contending principles that are found in

the minds and affairs of men.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater

<qex>anomaly</qex> in nature than a bird that can not fly.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The angular

distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun.

This is the <it>true</it> anomaly. The <xex>eccentric</xex>

anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic

orbit of the planet. The <xex>mean</xex> anomaly is what the

anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were

uniform.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The angle measuring apparent

irregularities in the motion of a planet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Any deviation from the

essential characteristics of a specific type.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*no"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ irregular; <?/ priv. + <?/ law.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of bivalve shells, allied to

the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the

lower is perforated for attachment.</def>



<hw>An`o*moph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ irregular + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

leaves irregularly placed.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An`o*mu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8An`o*mou"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ lawless + <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of decapod Crustacea, of which

the hermit crab in an example.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`o*mu"ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Irregular in the

character of the tail or abdomen; <as>as, the <ex>anomural</ex>

crustaceans</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>anomoural</asp>, <asp>anomouran</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An`o*mu"ran</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the Anomura.</def>



<hw>An"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See

<er>Anomia</er>.]</ety> <def>Disregard or violation of law.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>A*non"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anoon</ets>, <ets>anon</ets>, <ets>anan</ets>, lit., in one

(moment), fr. AS. <ets>on</ets> in + <ets>\'ben</ets> one. See

<er>On</er> and <er>One</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Straightway; at once.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The same is he that heareth the word, and <qex>anon</qex> with

joy receiveth it.</q>

<qau>Matt. xiii. 20.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soon; in a little while.</def>



<q>As it shall better appear <qex>anon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>At another time; then; again.</def>



<q>Sometimes he trots, . . . <qex>anon</qex> he rears

upright.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Anon right</col>, <cd>at once; right off.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>Ever and

anon</col>, <cd>now and then; frequently; often.</cd></cs>



<q>A pouncet box, which <qex>ever and anon</qex>

He gave his nose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*no"na</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. Cf.

<er>Ananas</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order

<spn>Anonace\'91</spn>, including the soursop.</def>



<hw>An`o*na"ceous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the

order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.</def>



<hw>An"o*nym</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anonyme</ets>. See <er>Anonymous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for

\'bdpseudonym.\'b8</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A notion which has no name, or which can not be

expressed by a single English word.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. R. Seeley.</au>



<hw>An`o*nym"i*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which

anonymous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He rigorously insisted upon the rights of

<qex>anonymity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>A*non"y*mous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without name;

<?/ priv. + <?/, Eol. for <?/ name. See <er>Name</er>.]</ety>

<def>Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed

authorship; <as>as, an <ex>anonymous</ex> benefactor; an

<ex>anonymous</ex> pamphlet or letter.</as></def>



<-- p. 61  -->



<hw>A*non"y*mous*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

anonymous manner; without a name.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>A*non"y*mous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being anonymous.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>An"o*phyte</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

upward (fr. <?/ up) + <?/ a plant, <?/ to grow.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A moss or mosslike plant which cellular

stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"o*pla</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ unarmed.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

two orders of Nemerteans. See <er>Nemertina</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>An*op"lo*there</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8An`o*plo*the"ri*um</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[From Gr. <?/ unarmed (<?/ priv. + <?/ an implement, weapon)

+ <?/ beast.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of extinct

quadrupeds of the order <spn>Ungulata</spn>, whose were first

found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the

shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the

name).</def>



<hw>\'d8An`o*plu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ weapon, sting + <?/

tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of insects which

includes the lice.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*nop"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An"op`sy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/

sight.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or defect of sight;

blindness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8An`o*rex"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An"o*rex`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ desire, appetite, <?/ desire.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of appetite, without a loathing of

food.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>A*nor"mal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anormal</ets>. See <er>Abnormal</er>,

<er>Normal</er>.]</ety> <def>Not according to rule;

abnormal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*norn</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>a\'94rner</ets>, <ets>a\'94urner</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>adornare</ets> to adorn. The form

<ets>a</ets>-<ets>ourne</ets> was corrupted into

<ets>anourne</ets>.]</ety> <def>To adorn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Watson.</au>



<hw>A*nor"thic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anorthite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Having unequal

oblique axes; <as>as, <ex>anorthic</ex> crystals</as>.</def>



<hw>A*nor"thite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ straight (<?/ sc. <?/ right angle); not in a right

angle.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly

occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some

igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See

<er>Feldspar</er>.</def>



<hw>A*nor"tho*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ straight + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An optical toy for producing amusing

figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of

which distorted figures are painted.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*nos"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ smell.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss

of the sense of smell.</def>



<hw>An*oth"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>pron. & a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>An</ets> a, one + <ets>other</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One more, in addition to a former number; a second or

additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.</def>



<q><qex>Another</qex> yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Would serve to scale <qex>another</qex> Hero's tower.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not the same; different.</def>



<q>He winks, and turns his lips <qex>another</qex> way.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any or some; any different person, indefinitely;

any one else; some one else.</def>



<q>Let <qex>another</qex> man praise thee, and not thine own

mouth.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxvii. 2.</qau>



<q>While I am coming, <qex>another</qex> steppeth down before

me.</q>

<qau>John v. 7.</qau>



<note><hand/ As a pronoun <xex>another</xex> may have a

possessive <xex>another's</xex>, pl. <xex>others</xex>, poss. pl.

<xex>other'</xex>. It is much used in opposition to

<xex>one</xex>; as, one went one way, <xex>another another</xex>.

It is also used with <xex>one</xex>, in a reciprocal sense; as,

\'bdlove <xex>one another</xex>,\'b8 that is, let each love the

other or others. \'bdThese two imparadised in <xex>one

another's</xex> arms.\'b8</note>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>An*oth"er-gaines`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety>

Of another kind.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>An*oth"er-gates`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Another</ets> + <ets>gate</ets>, or <ets>gait</ets>,

way. Cf. <er>Algates</er>.]</ety> <def>Of another sort.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Another-gates</xex> adventure.\'b8



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>An*oth"er-guess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>another</ets>-<ets>gates</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of another sort.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>It used to go in <qex>another-guess</qex> manner.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>A*not"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Annotto</er>.</def>



<hw>An*ou"ra</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Anura</er>.</def>



<hw>An*ou"rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Anurous</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"sa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ans\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a handle.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A name given to either of the

projecting ends of Saturn's ring.</def>



<hw>An"sa*ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ansatus</ets>, fr. <ets>ansa</ets> a handle.]</ety>

<def>Having a handle.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>An"ser*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having the extremities terminate in the

heads of eagles, lions, etc.; <as>as, an <ex>anserated</ex>

cross</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"se*res</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

geese.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Linn\'91an order of

aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or

of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the

geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`se*ri*for"mes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of birds including the

geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.</def>



<hw>An"ser*ine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anserinus</ets>, fr. <ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the

skin of a goose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the

Anseres.</def>



<hw>An"ser*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anser</ets> a goose.]</ety> <def>Resembling a goose; silly;

simple.</def>



<au>Sydney Smith.</au>



<hw>An"swer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Answered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Answering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>andswerien</ets>,

AS. <ets>andswerian</ets>, <ets>andswarian</ets>, to answer, fr.

<ets>andswaru</ets>, n., answer. See <er>Answer</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak in defense

against; to reply to in defense; <as>as, to <ex>answer</ex> a

charge; to <ex>answer</ex> an accusation.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To speak or write in return to, as in return to

a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the

like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond

to.</def>



<q>She <qex>answers</qex> him as if she knew his mind.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . . 

And him thus <qex>answered</qex> soon his bold compeer.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To respond to satisfactorily; to meet

successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification,

and the like; to refute.</def>



<q>No man was able to <qex>answer</qex> him a word.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxii. 46.</qau>



<q>These shifts refuted, <qex>answer</qex> thine appellant.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The reasoning was not and could not be

<qex>answered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be or act in return or response to.</def>

Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act in compliance with, in

fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand;

<as>as, he <ex>answered</ex> my claim upon him; the servant

<ex>answered</ex> the bell.</as></def>



<q>This proud king . . . studies day and night

To <qex>answer</qex> all the debts he owes unto you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To render account to or for.</def>



<q>I will . . . send him to <qex>answer</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(c)</sd> <def>To atone; to be punished for.</def>



<q>And grievously hath C\'91zar <qex>answered</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be opposite to; to face.</def>



<q>The windows <qex>answering</qex> each other, we could just

discern the glowing horizon them.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<sd>(e)</sd> <def>To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate

or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Money <qex>answereth</qex> all things.</q>

<qau>Eccles. x. 19.</qau>



<sd>(f)</sd> <def>To be or act in accommodation, conformity,

relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.</def>



<q>Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they

<qex>answered</qex> the bulk of so prodigious a person.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>An"swer</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak or

write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to

make response.</def>



<q>There was no voice, nor any that <qex>answered</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xviii. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a satisfactory response or return.

Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be

accountable; to make amends; <as>as, the man must <ex>answer</ex>

to his employer for the money intrusted to his care</as>.</def>



<q>Let his neck <qex>answer</qex> for it, if there is any martial

law.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be or act in return.</def> Hence:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment,

reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; <as>as,

gypsum <ex>answers</ex> as a manure on some soils</as>.</def>



<q>Do the strings <qex>answer</qex> to thy noble hand?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To be opposite, or to act in opposition.</def> 

 <sd>(c)</sd> <def>To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate

or sufficient; <as>as, a very few will

<ex>answer</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>To be or act in

conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation,

or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually

with <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the

place <qex>answer</qex> to convenience.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If this but <qex>answer</qex> to my just belief,

I 'll remember you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>As in water face <qex>answereth</qex> to face, so the heart of

man to man.</q>

<qau>Pro<?/. xxvii. 19.</qau>



<hw>An"swer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>andsware</ets>,

AS. <ets>andswaru</ets>; <ets>and</ets> against +

<ets>swerian</ets> to swear. <?/, <?/. See <er>Anti-</er>, and

<er>Swear</er>, and cf. 1st <er>un-</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A reply to a change; a defense.</def>



<q>At my first <qex>answer</qex> no man stood with me.</q>

<qau>2 Tim. iv. 16.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something said or written in reply to a

question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a

reply.</def>



<q>A soft <qex>answer</qex> turneth away wrath.</q>

<qau>Prov. xv. 1.</qau>



<q>I called him, but he gave me no <qex>answer</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cant. v. 6.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something done in return for, or in consequence

of, something else; a responsive action.</def>



<q>Great the slaughter is

Here made by the Roman; great the <qex>answer</qex> be

Britons must take.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A solution, the result of a mathematical

operation; as, the <qex>answer</qex> to a problem.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A counter-statement of facts in

a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has

alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a

question. In <xex>Equity</xex>, it is the usual form of defense

to the complainant's charges in his bill.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See

<er>Reply</er>.</syn>



<hw>An"swer*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to

pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible;

<as>as, an agent is <ex>answerable</ex> to his principal; to be

<ex>answerable</ex> for a debt, or for damages.</as></def>



<q>Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished,

but is <qex>answerable</qex> only to God?</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting

a satisfactory answer.</def>



<q>The argument, though subtle, is yet <qex>answerable</qex>.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Correspondent; conformable; hence,

comparable.</def>



<q>What wit and policy of man is <qex>answerable</qex> to their

discreet and orderly course?</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>This revelation . . . was <qex>answerable</qex> to that of the

apostle to the Thessalonians.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; <as>as,

an achievement <ex>answerable</ex> to the preparation for

it</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Equal; equivalent; adequate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Had the valor of his soldiers been <qex>answerable</qex>, he

had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of

Britain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>An"swer*a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.</def>



<hw>An"swer*a*bly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence;

suitably.</def>



<hw>An"swer*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

answers.</def>



<hw>An"swer*less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

answer, or impossible to be answered.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>An 't</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def><xex>An it</xex>, that is,

<xex>and it</xex> or <xex>if it</xex>. See <er>An</er>,

<pos>conj.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An't</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A contraction for <xex>are</xex>

and <xex>am not</xex>; also used for <xex>is not</xex>; -- now

usually written <xex>ain't</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. &

illiterate speech.]</mark>



<hw>Ant-</hw>. <def>See <er>Anti-</er>, <pos>prefix.</pos></def>



<hw>-ant</hw>. <ety>[F. -<ets>ant</ets>, fr. L. -<ets>antem</ets>

or -<ets>entem</ets>, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly

from L. -<ets>antem</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix sometimes marking

the agent for action; <as>as, merch<ex>ant</ex>,

coven<ex>ant</ex>, serv<ex>ant</ex>, pleas<ex>ant</ex>, etc.</as>

Cf. <er>-ent</er>.</def>



<hw>Ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ante</ets>, <ets>amete</ets>, <ets>emete</ets>, AS.

<ets>\'91mete</ets> akin to G. <ets>ameise</ets>. Cf.

<er>Emmet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hymenopterous

insect of the Linn\'91an genus <spn>Formica</spn>, which is now

made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.</def>



<note><hand/ Among ants, as among bees, there are neuter or

working ants, besides the males and females; the former are

without wings. Ants live together in swarms, usually raising

hillocks of earth, variously chambered within, where they

maintain a perfect system of order, store their provisions, and

nurture their young. There are many species, with diverse habits,

as <xex>agricultural ants</xex>, <xex>carpenter ants</xex>,

<xex>honey ants</xex>, <xex>foraging ants</xex>, <xex>amazon

ants</xex>, etc. The <xex>white ants</xex> or Termites belong to

the Neuroptera.</note>



<cs><col>Ant bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of a very

extensive group of South American birds

<spn>(Formicariid\'91)</spn>, which live on ants. The family

includes many species, some of which are called <stype>ant

shrikes</stype>, <stype>ant thrushes</stype>, and <stype>ant

wrens</stype>.</cd> -- <col>Ant rice</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a species of grass <spn>(Aristida oligantha)</spn> cultivated

by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its

seed.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8An"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ant\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A species of pier produced by thickening

a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster,

with capital and base.</def>



<note><hand/ Porches, when columns stand between two

<xex>ant\'91</xex>, are called in Latin <xex>in

antis</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ant*ac"id</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<it>Pref.</it> <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an

alkali or absorbent.</def>  -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>

<def>Counteractive of acidity.</def></def2>



<hw>Ant*ac"rid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>acrid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Corrective of

acrimony of the humors.</def>



<hw>An*t\'91"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Ant\'91us, a giant athlete slain

by Hercules.</def>



<hw>An*tag"o*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to struggle against; <?/ against + <?/ to contend or

struggle, <?/ contest: cf. F. <ets>antagonisme</ets>. See

<er>Agony</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposition of action; counteraction

or contrariety of things or principles.</def>



<note><hand/ We speak of <xex>antagonism between</xex> two

things, <xex>to</xex> or <xex>against</xex> a thing, and

sometimes <xex>with</xex> a thing.</note>



<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antagonista</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ combatant,

champion, fr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>antagoniste</ets>. See

<er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who contends

with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an

opponent.</def>



<q><qex>Antagonist</qex> of Heaven's Almigthy King.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Our <qex>antagonists</qex> in these controversies.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle which acts in

opposition to another; as a <xex>flexor</xex>, which bends a

part, is the <xex>antagonist</xex> of an <xex>extensor</xex>,

which extends it.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine which opposes the

action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the

blood or tissues.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See

<er>Adversary</er>.</syn>



<hw>An*tag"o*nist</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Antagonistic;

opposing; counteracting; <as>as, <ex>antagonist</ex> schools of

philosophy</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against;

<as>as, <ex>antagonistic</ex> forces</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>They were distinct, adverse, even <qex>antagonistic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Antagonized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Antagonozing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/. See

<er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>To contend with; to oppose

actively; to counteract.</def>



<hw>An*tag"o*nize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act in

opposition.</def>



<hw>An*tag"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ + <?/ contest: cf. F. (16th century) <ets>antagonie</ets>.

See <er>Antagonism</er>.]</ety> <def>Contest; opposition;

antagonism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Antagony</qex> that is between Christ and Belial.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>An*tal"gic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pain: cf. F.

<ets>antalgique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Alleviating

pain.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine to alleviate pain;

an anodyne.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Ant*al"ka*li</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>,

<hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>alkali</ets>.]</ety> <def>Anything that

neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the

system.</def>



<au>Hoopplw.</au>



<hw>Ant*al"ka*line</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of power to

counteract alkalies.</def>



<-- p. 62  -->



<hw>Ant*am`bu*la"cral</hw> <pr><pr>(#)</pr></plu></pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Away from the ambulacral

region.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ant`an*a*cla"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a bending back and breaking. See

<er>Anaclastic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a

different sense; <as>as, Learn some <ex>craft</ex> when young,

that when old you may live without <ex>craft</ex></as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A repetition of words beginning a sentence,

after a long parenthesis; <as>as, Shall that heart (which not

only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in

them), <ex>shall that heart</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8Ant`an*a*go"ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>anagoge</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure which consists in answering the

charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.</def>



<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>aphrodisiac</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Capable of blunting the venereal

appetite.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> Anything that

quells the venereal appetite.</def></def2>



<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ Aphrodite: cf. F.

<ets>antaphroditique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Antaphrodisiac.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Antisyphilitic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An antaphroditic

medicine.</def>



<hw>Ant`ap*o*plec"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>apoplectic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against apoplexy.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine used against

apoplexy.</def></def2>



<hw>Ant*ar"chism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ government.]</ety> <def>Opposition to

government in general.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ant*ar"chist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

opposes all government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ant`ar*chis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to all human government.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ant*arc"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>antartik</ets>, OF. <ets>antartique</ets>, F.

<ets>antarctique</ets>, L. <ets>antarcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/;

<?/ + <?/ bear. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <def>Opposite to the

northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the

region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from

the pole 23<deg/ 28<min/. Thus we say the <xex>antarctic</xex>

pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*ta"res</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ similar to + <?/ Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in

color.]</ety> <def>The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also

the <altname>Scorpion's Heart</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ant`ar*thrit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>arthritic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

Counteracting or alleviating gout.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

remedy against gout.</def>



<hw>Ant`asth*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(? or ?; see <er>Asthma</er>;

277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> +

<ets>asthmatic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing, or

fitted to relieve, asthma.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A remedy

for asthma.</def>



<hw>Ant"-bear`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An edentate animal of tropical America

(the <xex>Tamanoir</xex>), living on ants. It belongs to the

genus <spn>Myrmecophaga</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ant" bird</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<xex>Ant bird</xex>, under <er>Ant</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Ant"-cat`tle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <plu>pl.</plu>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Various kinds of plant lice or aphids

tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete.

See <er>Aphips</er>.</def>



<hw>An"te-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A Latin preposition and

prefix; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. <xex>anti</xex>, Goth.

<xex>and-</xex>, <xex>anda-</xex> (only in comp.), AS.

<xex>and-</xex>, <xex>ond-</xex>, (only in comp.: cf.

<er>Answer</er>, <er>Along</er>), G. <xex>ant-</xex>,

<xex>ent-</xex> (in comp.). The Latin <xex>ante</xex> is

generally used in the sense of <xex>before</xex>, in regard to

position, order, or time, and the Gr. <?/ in that of

<xex>opposite</xex>, or <xex>in the place of</xex>.</def>



<hw>An"te</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Poker Playing)</fld>

<def>Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before

(<xex>ante</xex>) the game begins.</def>



<hw>An"te</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To put up (an

ante).</def>



<hw>An"te*act`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A preceding

act.</def>



<hw>An"te*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[ets>antea</ets>, <ets>ante</ets>, before. Cf.

<er>Ancient</er>.]</ety> <def>Being before, or in front.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Fleming.</au>



<hw>Ant"-eat`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several species of edentates

and monotremes that feed upon ants. See <er>Ant-bear</er>,

<er>Pangolin</er>, <er>Aard-vark</er>, and

<er>Echidna</er>.</def>



<hw>An`te*ce*da"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Antecede</er>.]</ety> <def>Antecedent; preceding in

time.</def> \'bdCapable of <xex>antecedaneous</xex> proof.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>An`te*cede"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antecedere</ets>; <ets>ante + cedere</ets> to go. See

<er>Cede</er>.]</ety> <def>To go before in time or place; to

precede; to surpass.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>An`te*ced"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or state of going before in time; precedence.</def>



<au>H. Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An apparent motion of a

planet toward the west; retrogradation.</def>



<hw>An`te*ced"en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or condition of being antecedent; priority.</def>



<au>Fothherby.</au>



<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antecedens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>antecedere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Going before in time; prior; anterior;

preceding; <as>as, an event <ex>antecedent</ex> to the Deluge; an

<ex>antecedent</ex> cause.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Presumptive; <as>as, an <ex>antecedent</ex>

improbability</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.</syn>



<hw>An`te*ced"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ant\'82c\'82dent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

goes before in time; that which precedes.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<q>The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has

surely its <qex>antecedents</qex>.</q>

<qau>Max Miller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who precedes or goes in front.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My <qex>antecedent</qex>, or my gentleman usher.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The earlier events of one's

life; previous principles, conduct, course, history.</def>



<au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<q>If the troops . . . prove worthy of their

<qex>antecedents</qex>, the victory is surely ours.</q>

<qau>Gen. G. McClellan.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The noun to which a relative

refers; <as>as, in the sentence \'bdSolomon was the prince who

built the temple,\'b8 <ex>prince</ex> is the <ex>antecedent</ex>

of <ex>who</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first or

conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; <as>as, If the

earth is fixed, the sun must move</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The first of the two propositions which constitute an

enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal;

therefore the king must die.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The first of the two terms of

a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In

the ratio <it>a</it>:<it>b</it>, <it>a</it> is the

<xex>antecedent</xex>, and <it>b</it> the consequent.</def>



<hw>An`te*ced"ent*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; <as>as,

<ex>antecedently</ex> to conversion</as>.</def>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>An`te*ces"sor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>antecedere</ets>, <ets>antecessum</ets>. See

<er>Antecede</er>, <er>Ancestor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who goes before; a predecessor.</def>



<q>The successor seldom prosecuting his <qex>antecessor's</qex>

devices.</q>

<qau>Sir E. Sandys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ancestor; a progenitor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An"te*cham`ber</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>antichambre</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chamber or

apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in

which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See

<er>Lobby</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A space viewed as the outer chamber or the

entrance to an interior part.</def>



<q>The mouth, the <qex>antechamber</qex> to the digestive

canal.</q>

<qau>Todd & Bowman.</qau>



<hw>An"te*chap`el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The outer

part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>An*te"cians</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ant<?/cians</er>.</def>



<hw>An`te*com*mun"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the

communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.</def>



<hw>An`te*cur"sor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>antecurrere</ets> to run before; <ets>ante + currere</ets>

to run.]</ety> <def>A forerunner; a precursor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual

date.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anticipation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>An"te*date`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Antedated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Antedating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date;

thus, to <xex>antedate</xex> a deed or a bond is to give it a

date anterior to the true time of its execution.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To precede in time.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To anticipate; to make before the true

time.</def>



<q>And antedate the bliss above.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Who rather rose the day to <qex>antedate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ante-</ets> + <ets>diluvial</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.</def>



<hw>An`te*di*lu"vi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence,

antiquated; <as>as, an <ex>antediluvian</ex> vehicle</as>.</def> 

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One who lived before the

Deluge.</def></def2>



<hw>An"te*fact`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

done before another act.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An"te*fix`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Antefixes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; L. <plw>Antefixa</plw>

(#).</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>ante</ets> + <ets>fixus</ets>

fixed.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ornament

fixed upon a frieze.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ornament at the

eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>An ornament of the cymatium of a classic

cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.</def>



<hw>An`te*flex"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement forward of an organ, esp.

the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon

itself.</def>



<au>T. G. Thomas.</au>



<hw>Ant" egg`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>One of the small white

egg-shaped pup\'91 or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about

ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.</def>



<hw>An"te*lope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>antelop</ets>, F. <ets>antilope</ets>, fro Gr. <?/, <?/,

Eustathius, \'bdHexa\'89m.,\'b8 p. 36, the origin of which is

unknown.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a group of

ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat.

The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many

species in Africa and Asia.</def>



<q>The <qex>antelope</qex> and wolf both fierce and fell.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<note><hand/ The common or bezoar antelope of India is

<spn>Antilope bezoartica</spn>. The chamois of the Alps, the

gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See

<er>Gazelle</er>. The pronghorn antelope <spn>(Antilocapra

Americana)</spn> is found in the Rocky Mountains. See

<er>Pronghorn</er>.</note>



<hw>An`te*lu"can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antelucanus</ets>; <ets>ante + lux</ets> light.]</ety>

<def>Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies

of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light

in the morning.</def> \'bd<xex>Antelucan</xex> worship.\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>An`te*me*rid"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antemeridianus</ets>; <ets>ante + meridianus</ets> belonging

to midday or noon. See <er>Meridian</er>.]</ety> <def>Being

before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev.

<er>a</er>. <er>m</er>.)</def>



<hw>Ant`e*met"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>emetic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Tending to check vomiting.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A remedy to check or allay vomiting.</def></def2>



<hw>An`te*mo*sa"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being

before the time of Moses.</def>



<hw>An`te*mun"dane</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Being or

occurring before the creation of the world.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>An`te*mu"ral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antemurale</ets>: <ets>ante + murus</ets> wall. See

<er>Mural</er>.]</ety> <def>An outwork of a strong, high wall,

with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for

defending the entrance.</def>



<hw>An`te*na"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Before

birth.</def>



<au>Shelley.</au>



<hw>An`te*ni"cene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Of or in the Christian church or era,

anterior to the first council of Nice, held <sc>a. d.</sc> 325;

<as>as, <ex>antenicene</ex> faith</as>.</def>



<hw>An*ten"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antenn\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>antenna</ets> sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an

insect.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A movable, articulated

organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and

Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the

latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of

Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint.

In insects, they are popularly called <xex>horns</xex>, and also

<xex>feelers</xex>. The term in also applied to similar organs on

the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.</def>



<hw>An*ten"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the antenn\'91.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>An`ten*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Bearing or having antenn\'91.</def>



<hw>An*ten"ni*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Antenna</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like antenn\'91.</def>



<hw>An*ten"nule</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>antenna</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antenn\'91 or feelers

of Crustacea.</def>



<hw>An`te*num"ber</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A number

that precedes another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>An`te*nup"tial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Preceding marriage; <as>as, an <ex>antenuptial</ex>

agreement</as>.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>An`te*or"bit*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antorbital</er>.</def>



<hw>An`te*pas"chal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before

Easter.</def>



<hw>An"te*past</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>pastus</ets> pasture, food. Cf.

<er>Repast</er>.]</ety> <def>A foretaste.</def>



<q><qex>Antepasts</qex> of joy and comforts.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>\'d8An`te*pen"di*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL., fr. L. <ets>ante + pendere</ets> to hang.]</ety>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The hangings or screen in front of the

altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.</def>



<au>Smollett.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`te*pe"nult</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8

<hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>antepaenultima</ets> (sc. <ets>syllaba</ets>)

antepenultimate; <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>paenultimus</ets>

the last but one; <ets>paene</ets> almost + <ets>ultimus</ets>

last.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>The last syllable of a word

except two, as -<xex>syl</xex> in <xex>monosyllable</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`te*pe*nult"i*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to the last syllable but two.</def>  --

<pos>n.</pos> <def>The antepenult.</def>



<hw>Ant`eph*i*al"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ nightmare.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Good against nightmare.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

remedy nightmare.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ant`ep*i*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>epileptic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Good against epilepsy.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos>

<def>A medicine for epilepsy.</def></wordforms>



<hw>An"te*pone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anteponere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To put before; to

prefer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>An"te*port</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>anteporta</ets>.]</ety> <def>An outer port, gate, or

door.</def>



<hw>An`te*por"ti*co</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

outer porch or vestibule.</def>



<hw>An`te*po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>antepositio</ets>. See <er>Position</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The placing of a before another, which,

by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.</def>



<hw>An`te*pran"di*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Preceding dinner.</def>



<hw>An`te*pre*dic"a*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A prerequisite to a clear understanding

of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common

terms.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>An*te"ri*or</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anterior</ets>, comp. of <ets>ante</ets> before.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Before in time; antecedent.</def>



<q>Antigonus, who was <qex>anterior</qex> to Polybius.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Before, or toward the front, in place; <as>as,

the <ex>anterior</ex> part of the mouth; -- opposed to

<ex>posterior</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ In comparative anatomy, <xex>anterior</xex> often

signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy

it is often used for <xex>ventral</xex>.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former;

foregoing.</syn>



<hw>An*te`ri*or"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>anterioritas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anterior

or preceding in time or in situation; priority.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>An*te"ri*or*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

anterior manner; before.</def>



<hw>An"te*room</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room

before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.</def>



<hw>An"te*ro-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A combining form meaning

<xex>anterior</xex>, <xex>front</xex>; <xex>as</xex>,

<xex>antero</xex>-posterior, front and back;

<xex>antero</xex>-lateral, front side, anterior and at the

side.</def>



<mhw><hw>An"tes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<hw>Ant\'91</hw>. <def>See <er>Anta</er>.</def>



<hw>An`te*stat"ure</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A small intrenchment or work of

palisades, or of sacks of earth.</def>



<hw>An"te*stom`ach</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cavity

which leads into the stomach, as in birds.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>An"te*tem`ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.</def>



<hw>An`te*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ante-</ets> + L. <ets>vertere</ets>, <ets>versum</ets>, to

turn.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A displacement of an organ,

esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is

directed further forward than usual.</def>



<hw>An`te*vert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antevertere</ets>; <ets>ante + vertere</ets> to turn.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To prevent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>To displace by

anteversion.</def>



<hw>Ant*hel"ion</hw> <pr>(?; 277, 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Anthelia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti</ets> + Gr. <?/ sun.]</ety> <fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>A

halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings

around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a

cloud or on an opposite fog bank.</def>



<-- p. 63  -->



<hw>Ant"he*lix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antihelix</er>.</def>



<hw>An"thel*min"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or

mawworm..]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against intestinal

worms. --  An <xex>anthelmintic</xex> remedy.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>anthelminthic</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An"them</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>antym</ets>, <ets>antefne</ets>, AS. <ets>antefen</ets>, fr.

LL. <ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, neut. pl. of <?/ antiphon,

or anthem, n. neut., from <?/ sounding contrary, returning a

sound; <?/ over against + <?/ sound, voice: the anthem being sung

by the choristers alternately, one half-choir answering the

other: cf. OF. <ets>anthaine</ets>, <ets>anteine</ets>,

<ets>antieune</ets>, F. <ets>antienne</ets>. See

<er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formerly, a hymn sung

in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the

Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to

sacred music.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A song or hymn of praise.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>An"them</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To celebrate with

anthems.</def> <mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<q>Sweet birds <qex>antheming</qex> the morn.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



\'d8 <hw>An*the"mi*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <ety>[ fr. Gr. <?/

flower.]</ety> <def>A floral ornament. See

<er>Palmette</er></def>.



<hw>\'d8An"the*mis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, equiv. to <?/ flower; an herb like our chamomile.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Chamomile; a genus of composite,

herbaceous plants.</def>



<hw>An"them*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Alternately.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>An"ther</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>anth\'8are</ets>, L. <ets>anthera</ets> a medicine composed

of flowers, fr. Gr. <?/ flowery, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/

flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That part of the stamen

containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature,

is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An"ther*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8An`ther*id"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Anthplwidia</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>.

<ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <?/ (a Gr. diminutive ending).]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The male reproductive apparatus in the

lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which

spermatozoids are produced; -- called also

<altname>spermary</altname>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ther*id"i*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Producing anthers, as

plants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Supporting anthers, as a part of

a flower.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>An*ther"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like an anther; anther-shaped.</def>



<hw>An`ther*og"e*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Transformed from anthers, as the petals of

a double flower.</def>



<hw>An"ther*oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anther</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling

an anther.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ther*o*zoid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ther*o*zoo"id</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ flowery + <?/ animal + <ets>-oid</ets>. See

<er>Zooid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the mobile

male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*the"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bloom, fr. <?/ to bloom, <?/ flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The period or state of full expansion in a flower.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ant"-hill</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mound thrown up by ants or by

termites in forming their nests.</def>



<hw>An*tho"bi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower +  <?/ life.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beetle

which feeds on flowers.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`tho*bran"chi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ gills, n. pl.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca,

in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior

part of the back. See <er>Nudibranchiata</er>, and

<er>Doris</er>.</def>



<hw>An`tho*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ flower + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having some

portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form

the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the

pineapple.</def>



<hw>An`tho*cy"a*nin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Anthokyan</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*tho"di*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

from Gr. <?/ like flowers, flowery; <?/ flower + <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The inflorescence of a compound flower in

which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.</def>



<hw>An*thog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A description of

flowers.</def>



<hw>An"thoid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling a flower;

flowerlike.</def>



<hw>An`tho*ky"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower + <?/ blue.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The blue

coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as

<er>Cyanin</er>.</def>



<hw>An"tho*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

fossil plant, like a petrified flower.</def>



<hw>An`tho*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts

from different authors, especially the poets.</def>



<q>He published a geographical and <qex>anthological</qex>

description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial

globe.</q>

<qau>Wood.</qau>



<hw>An*thol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

compiles an anthology.</def>



<hw>An*thol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ flower gathering; <?/ flower + <?/ to gather.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A discourses on flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of flowers; a garland.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A collection of flowers of literature, that is,

beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or

epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient

Greek epigrams.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Ch.)</fld> <def>A service book containing a

selection of pieces for the festival services.</def>



<hw>An`tho*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower <?/ madness.]</ety> <def>A extravagant fondness for

flowers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"tho*ny's Fire`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See <xex>Saint

Anthony's Fire</xex>, under <er>Saint</er>.</def>



<hw>An*thoph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ flower + <?/ to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating

flowers; -- said of certain insects.</def>



<hw>An"tho*phore</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bearing flowers; <?/ flower + <?/ bearing, <?/ to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stipe when developed into an internode

between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>An*thoph"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flower

bearing; supporting the flower.</def>



<hw>An*thoph"yl*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>anthophyllum</ets> clove.]</ety> <def>A mineral of the

hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>An`tho*phyl*lit"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An"tho*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ + <?/ to bound, define.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A

description or definition contrary to that which is given by the

adverse party.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"tho*tax`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

flower +  <?/ order.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative

position of flowers; inflorescence.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`tho*zo"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ flower + <?/ animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The class of the C\'d2lenterata which

includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups

or orders are <spn>Acyonaria</spn>, <spn>Actinaria</spn>, and

<spn>Madreporaria</spn>.</def>



<hw>An`tho*zo"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>  --

<wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

Anthozoa.</def></wordforms>



<hw>An"tho*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Anthozoa.</def>



<hw>An"thra*cene</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

coal.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A solid hydrocarbon,

<chform>C6H4.C2H2.C6H4</chform>, which accompanies naphthalene in

the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is

in the artificial production of alizarin.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>anthracin</asp>.]</altsp><-- tricyclic aromatic

hydrocarbon. -->



<hw>An*thrac"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to anthrax; <as>as, <ex>anthracic</ex> blood</as>.</def>



<hw>An`thra*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ coal + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Yielding anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthraciferous</ex>

strata</as>.</def>



<hw>An"thra*cite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anthracites</ets> a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. <?/ like

coals, fr. <?/, <?/, coal or charcoal. Cf.

<er>Anthrax</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, compact variety of mineral

coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in

containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns

with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist

almost wholly of carbon. Also called <xex>glance coal</xex> and

<xex>blind coal</xex>.</def>



<hw>An"thra*cit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or like, anthracite; <as>as, <ex>anthracitic</ex>

formations</as>.</def>



<hw>An"thra*coid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anthrax</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling anthrax in action; of the

nature of anthrax; <as>as, an <ex>anthracoid</ex>

microbe</as>.</def>



<hw>An"thra*co*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, coal + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by

inspecting a burning coal.</def>



<hw>An`thra*com"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ coal, carbon + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument

for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.</def>



<hw>An`thra*co*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to an anthracometer.</def>



<hw>An*thra"o*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Anthracite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A coal-black

marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called

also <altname>stinkstone</altname> and

<altname>swinestone</altname>.</def>



<hw>An`thra*qui"none</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Anthra</ets>cene + <ets>quinone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A hydrocarbon,

<chform>C6H4.C2O2.C6H4</chform>, subliming in shining yellow

needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.</def>



<hw>An"thrax</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/ coal, carbuncle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A carbuncle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

malignant pustule.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A microscopic, bacterial

organism <spn>(Bacillus anthracis)</spn>, resembling transparent

rods. [See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Bacillus</er>.]</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is

ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium <spn>(Bacillus

anthracis)</spn>, the spores of which constitute the contagious

matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen

becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also

<altname>splenic fever</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*thre"nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a hornet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very

destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common \'bdmuseum

pest\'b8 is <spn>A. varius</spn>; the carpet beetle is <spn>A.

scrophulari\'91</spn>. The larv\'91 are commonly confounded with

moths.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*throp"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>An*throp"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/

man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or related to man;

human.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*throp"i*d\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ man.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

group that includes man only.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ man + <?/ center.]</ety> <def>Assuming man as the

center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or

of any part of it, as the solar system.</def>



<au>Draper.</au>



<hw>An`thro*po*gen"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to anthropogeny.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The science or study of human

generation, or the origin and development of man.</def>



<hw>An*throp"o*glot</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ man + <?/, <?/, tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the

parrot.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That branch of

anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human

race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical

character, language, institutions, and customs, in

contradistinction to <xex>ethnography</xex>, which treats

historically of the origin and filiation of races and

nations.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>An"thro*poid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

man + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling man; -- applied

especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla.</def>  --

<wordforms><pos>n.</pos> <def>An anthropoid

ape.</def></wordforms>



<hw>An`thro*poid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anthropoid.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`thro*poid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropoid</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes,

and man.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pol"a*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <?/ worship.]</ety> <def>Man worship.</def>



<hw>An*throp"o*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`thro*po*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`thro*po*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of

man.</def>  \'bd<xex>Anthropologic</xex> wisdom.\'b8

<au>Kingsley</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who is versed in anthropology.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science

of the structure and functions of the human body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science of man; -- sometimes used in a

limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural

history, or as an animal.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That manner of expression by which the inspired

writers attribute human parts and passions to God.</def>



<hw>An"thro*po*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by the

entrails of human being.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`thro*po*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`thro*po*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to anthropometry.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pom"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-mercy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement of the

height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at

different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8An`thro*po*mor"pha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The manlike, or anthropoid,

apes.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to anthromorphism. <xex>Hadley</xex>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ of human form; <?/ man + <?/ form.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The representation of the Deity, or of a

polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes

and affections.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ascription of human characteristics to

things not human.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who attributes the human form or other human attributes

to the Deity or to anything not human.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the

Deity or to a polytheistic deity. <xex>Taylor</xex>.

Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that

God has a human form, etc. <xex>Tillotson</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>to anthropomorphism.</def>



<au>Kitto.</au>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Anthropomorphism.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<def>To attribute a human form or personality to.</def>



<q>You may see imaginative children every day

<qex>anthropomorphizing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>. See

<er>Anthropomorphism</er>.]</ety> <def>The application to God of

terms descriptive of human beings.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Transformation into the form of a human being.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*mor"phous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; <as>as, an

<ex>anthromorphous</ex> plant</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Anthromorphous</xex> apes.\'b8



<au>Darwin.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`thro*po*path"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`thro*po*path"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to anthropopathy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms></def>



<q>The daring <qex>anthropopathic</qex> imagery by which the

prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding,

threatening.</q>

<qau>H. Rogers.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`thro*pop"a*thism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`thro*pop"a*thy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ man + <?/ suffering, affection, passion, <?/,

<?/, to suffer.]</ety> <def>The ascription of human feelings or

passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity.</def>



<q>In its recoil from the gross <qex>anthropopathy</qex> of the

vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>\'d8An`thro*poph"a*gi</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ eating men; <?/ man + + <?/ to eat.]</ety>

<def>Man eaters; cannibals.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`thro*po*phag"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to cannibalism or

anthropophagy.</def>



<hw>An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who east human flesh.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cannibal.</def>



<au>W. Taylor.</au>



<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.</def>



<hw>An`thro*poph"a*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.</def>



<-- p. 64  -->



<hw>An"thro*poph"u*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ of man's nature; <?/ a man + <?/ nature.]</ety> <def>Human

nature.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gladstone.</au>



<hw>An`thro*pos"co*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <ets>-scopy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art of discovering

or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from

a study of his visible features.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An`thro*pos"o*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <?/ wisdom, knowledge.]</ety> <def>Knowledge of the

nature of man; hence, human wisdom.</def>



<hw>An`thro*po*tom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human

bodies.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pot"o*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.</def>



<hw>An`thro*pot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ man + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <def>The anatomy or dissection of

the human body; androtomy.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<hw>Ant`hyp*not"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Antihypnotic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Antihypochondriac</er>.</def>



<hw>Ant`hys*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Antihysteric</er>.</def>



<hw>An"ti</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ against. See

<er>Ante</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix meaning <xex>against</xex>,

<xex>opposite</xex> or <xex>opposed to</xex>,

<xex>contrary</xex>, or <xex>in place of</xex>; -- used in

composition in many English words. It is often shortened to

<xex>ant</xex>-; <as>as, <ex>ant</ex>acid,

<ex>ant</ex>arctic</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An"ti*\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

forelock.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The two projecting

feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal

points.</def>



<hw>An`ti*al*bu"mid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-albumin</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and

gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.</def>



<hw>An`ti*al"bu*mose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Albumose</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti-A*mer"i*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to

the genius of American institutions.</def>



<au>Marshall.</au>



<hw>An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Antaphrodisiac</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antapoplectic</er>.</def>



<hw>An"ti*ar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Jav.

<ets>antjar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Virulent poison prepared in Java

from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree <spn>(Antiaris

toxicaria)</spn>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*a*rin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous principle obtained from

antiar.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>An`ti*asth*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Antasthmatic</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*at*tri"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound

lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with

some greasy material; antifriction grease.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*bac*chi"us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ + <?/. See <er>Bacchius</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A foot of three syllables, the first two

long, and the last short (#).</def>



<hw>An`ti*bil"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve

biliousness.</def>



<hw>An`ti*brach"i*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or

forearm.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*brach"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>That part of the fore

limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.</def>



<hw>An`ti*bro"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a stink.]</ety> <def>An agent that

destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.</def>



<hw>An`ti*burgh"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One who seceded from the Burghers (1747),

deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.</def>



<hw>An"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[The same word

as <ets>antique</ets>; cf. It. <ets>antico</ets> ancient. See

<er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Old; antique.</def>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def></def>\'bdLords of <xex>antic</xex>

fame.\'b8



<au>Phaer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque;

ludicrous.</def>



<q>The <qex>antic</qex> postures of a merry-andrew.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some

monstrous, all <qex>antic</qex> for shape.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>An"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A buffoon or

merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of

the old play.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic

figure.</def>



<q>Woven with <qex>antics</qex> and wild imagery.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a

caper.</def>



<q>And fraught with <qex>antics</qex> as the Indian bird

That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A grotesque

representation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An antimask.</def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<q>Performed by knights and ladies of his court

In nature of an <qex>antic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<hw>An"tic</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Anticked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<er>Antickt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make appear like a

buffoon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An"tic</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To perform antics.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ca*tarrh`al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against catarrh.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An anticatarrhal remedy.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*cath"ode</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>The part of a vacuum tube opposite the

cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.</def>



<hw>An`ti*cau*sod"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Anticausotic</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*cau*sot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fever, <?/ to burn.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against an inflammatory fever.</def> 

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for such a

fever.</def></def2>



<hw>An"ti*cham`ber</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<def>See <er>Antechamber</er>.</def>



<hw>An"ti*chlor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>chlor</ets>ine.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in

removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs

after bleaching.</def>



<hw>An"ti*christ</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Antichristus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/.]</ety>

<def>A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist,

person or power, expected to precede Christ's second

coming.</def>



<hw>An`ti*chris"tian</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to the Christian religion.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Opposition or contrariety to the Christian

religion.</def>



<hw>An`ti*chris"tian*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In an antichristian manner.</def>



<hw>An`ti*chron"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Deviating from the proper order of time.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*tich"ro*nism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ against + <?/ time.]</ety> <def>Deviation from the true

order of time; anachronism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Selden.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*tich"thon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antichthones</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

against + <?/ the earth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hypothetical

earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun.</def>



<au>Grote.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Inhabitants of opposite

hemispheres.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>An*tic"i*pant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anticipans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>anticipare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Anticipating; expectant; -- with <xex>of.</xex></def>



<q>Wakening guilt, <qex>anticipant</qex> of hell.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<hw>An*tic"i*pate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Anticipated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Anticipating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>anticipatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>anticipare</ets> to anticipate; <ets>ante + capere</ets>

to make. See <er>Capable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be

before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or

prevent by prior action.</def>



<q>To <qex>anticipate</qex> and prevent the duke's purpose.</q>

<qau>R. Hall.</qau>



<q>He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if

indeed the executioner had not been <qex>anticipated</qex> by the

populace.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take up or introduce beforehand, or before

the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or

prematurely; <as>as, the advocate has <ex>anticipated</ex> a part

of his argument</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do

beforehand that which will be desired.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view

or impression of; <as>as, to <ex>anticipate</ex> the pleasures of

a visit; to <ex>anticipate</ex> the evils of life.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall;

expect.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Anticipate</er>, <er>Expect</er>.

These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future

event as about to take place. <xex>Expect</xex> is the stringer.

It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the

event as likely to happen. <xex>Anticipate</xex> is, literally,

to <xex>take beforehand</xex>, and here denotes simply to take

into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, \'bdI

did not <xex>anticipate</xex> a refusal,\'b8 expresses something

less definite and strong than to say, \'bd <xex>did not

expect</xex> it.\'b8 Still, <xex>anticipate</xex> is a convenient

word to be interchanged with <xex>expect</xex> in cases where the

thought will allow.</usage>



<q>Good with bad

<qex>Expect</qex> to hear; supernal grace contending

With sinfulness of men.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I would not <qex>anticipate</qex> the relish of any happiness,

nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually

arrives.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>Timid men were <qex>anticipating</qex> another civil war.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>An*tic`i*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anticipatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>anticipation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or

considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in

natural order.</def>



<q>So shall my <qex>anticipation</qex> prevent your

discovery.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Previous view or impression of what is to

happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; <as>as, the

<ex>anticipation</ex> of the joys of heaven</as>.</def>



<q>The happy <qex>anticipation</qex> of renewed existence in

company with the spirits of the just.</q>

<qau>Thodey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.</def>



<q>Many men give themselves up to the first

<qex>anticipations</qex> of their minds.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The commencing of one or more

tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a

momentary discord.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation;

antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight;

forethought.</syn>



<hw>An*tic"i*pa*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Anticipating, or containing anticipation.</def>

\'bd<xex>Anticipative</xex> of the feast to come.\'b8

<au>Cary</au>.  -- <wordforms><wf>An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*tic"i*pa`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

anticipates.</def>



<hw>An*tic"i*pa*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<q>Here is an <qex>anticipatory</qex> glance of what was to

be.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<hw>An`ti*civ"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Opposed to

citizenship.</def>



<hw>An`ti*civ"ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Opposition to the body politic of citizens.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>An`ti*clas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> = Gr. <?/ to break.]</ety> <def>Having to

opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one

direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the

surface of a saddle.</def>



<hw>An`ti*cli"max</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A sentence in which the ideas fall, or

become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite

of <xex>climax</xex>. It produces a ridiculous effect.

Example:</def>



<q>Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,</q>



<q>Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl <?/<?/ Mar.</q>



<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to incline.]</ety> <def>Inclining or

dipping in opposite directions. See <er>Synclinal</er>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Anticlinal line</col>, <col>Anticlinal

axis</col></mcol> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line from which

strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a

roof.</cd> -- <col>Anticlinal vertebra</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>one of the dorsal vertebr\'91, which in many animals has an

upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring

vertebr\'91 are inclined.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`ti*cli"nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The

crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite

directions.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*cli*no"ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Anticlinoria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to incline + <?/ mountain.]</ety>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The upward elevation of the crust of the

earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.</def>



<hw>An"tic*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Oddly;

grotesquely.</def>



<hw>An"tic-mask`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

antimask.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>An"tic*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

antic.</def>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.</def>



<hw>An`ti*con*ta"gious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposing or destroying contagion.</def>



<hw>An`ti*con*vul"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against convulsions.</def>



<au>J. Floyer.</au>



<hw>An"ti*cor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>cor</ets> heart; cf. F.

<ets>antic<?/ur</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A dangerous

inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the

heart.</def>



<hw>An*ti"cous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anticus</ets> in front, foremost, fr. <ets>ante</ets>

before.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Facing toward the axis of

the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.</def>



<hw>An"ti*cy`clone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Meteorol.)</fld> <def>A movement of the atmosphere opposite

in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution

of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

-- <wf>An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An"ti*do`tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>(#) <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of

poison.</def> <au>Sir T. Browne</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>An"ti*do`tal*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An"ti*do`ta*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Antidotal.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos> Antidote;

also, a book of antidotes.</wordforms>



<hw>An"ti*dote</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antidotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/ given against;

<?/ against + <?/ to give: cf. F. <ets>antidote</ets>. See

<er>Dose</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A remedy to

counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken

into the stomach; -- used with <xex>against</xex>,

<xex>for</xex>, or <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, an <ex>antidote</ex>

against, for, or to, poison</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects,

or to counteract evil which something else might produce.</def>



<hw>An"ti*dote</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an

antidote.</def>



<q>Nor could Alexander himself . . . <qex>antidote</qex> . . .

the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fortify or preserve by an antidote.</def>



<hw>An`ti*dot"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Serving

as an antidote.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*tid"ro*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a running.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a

stem.</def>



<hw>An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dysentery.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine for dysentery.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*e*met"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. <?/ n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antemetic</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*eph`i*al"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antephialtic</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Antepileptic</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*fe"brile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Febrifuge.</def>



<hw>An`ti*feb"rine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Acetanilide.</def>



<hw>An`ti-fed"er*al*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied

particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the

constitution of the United States.</def>



<au>Pickering.</au>



<hw>An`ti*fric"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Something to lesse<?/ friction; antiattrition. --

<xex>a</xex>. Tending to lessen friction.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ga*las"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, milk.]</ety> <def>Causing a

diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.</def>



<hw>An`ti-Gal"li*can</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to what is Gallic or French.</def>



<hw>An"ti*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

transcribing: cf. F. <ets>antigraphe</ets>.]</ety> <def>A copy or

transcript.</def>



<hw>An`ti*gug"gler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>guggle</ets> or <ets>gurgle</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a

bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment

or causing a gurgling noise.</def>



<hw>An`ti*he"lix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The curved elevation of the cartilage of

the ear, within or in front of the helix. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to stop hemorrhage.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for hemorrhage.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting or preventing

hydrophobia.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for

hydrophobia.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*hy*drop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against dropsy.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for dropsy.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*hyp*not"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent sleep.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An antihypnotic agent.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteractive of hypochondria.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for hypochondria.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*hys*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting hysteria.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for hysteria.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*ic*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against jaundice.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for jaundice.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*le*gom"e*na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to speak; part. pass.

<?/.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>Certain books of the New

Testament which were for a time not universally received, but

which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the

Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of

Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation.

The undisputed books are called the

<xex>Homologoumena</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*li*bra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

balancing; equipoise.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>An`ti*lith"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to prevent the formation of

urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An antilithic medicine.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*log"a*rithm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number corresponding to a logarithm.

The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the

complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine

corresponding to a given logarithmic sine.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*log`a*rith"mic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*til"o*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

contrary name or character; -- opposed to

<xex>analogous</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Antilogous pole</col> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld>, <cd>that pole

of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when

heated.</cd></cs>



<hw>An*til"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antilogies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/

contradictory; <?/ against + <?/ to speak.]</ety> <def>A

contradiction between any words or passages in an author.</def>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<-- p. 65  -->



<hw>An`ti*loi"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy against the plague.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>An*til"o*pine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to the antelope.</def>



<hw>An*til"o*quist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

contradicter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An*til"o*quy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + L. <ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety>

<def>Contradiction.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An`ti*lys"sic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ rage, madness.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antihydrophobic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ma*cas"sar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent

them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the

hair.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>magistrical</ets> for

<ets>magistratical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Opposed to the office or

authority of magistrates.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>An`ti*ma*la"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Good

against malaria.</def>



<hw>An"ti*mask`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A secondary

mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious

mask.</def> <altsp>[Written also <plu>anue</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>An`ti*ma"son</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

opposed to Freemasonry.</def>   --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*ma*son"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`ti*ma"son*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Opposition to Freemasonry.</def>



<hw>An`ti*me*phit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against mephitic or deletplwious

gases.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A remedy against mephitic

gases.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>An"ti*mplwe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals;

one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and

plants.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*me*tab"o*le</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in

which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed

order.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*me*tath"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An

antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse

order.</def>



<hw>An*tim"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

like + <?/ measure.]</ety> <def>A modification of the quadrant,

for measuring small angles.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <def>Opposed

to monarchial government.</def>



<au>Bp. Benson. Addison.</au>



<hw>An`ti*mon"arch*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

enemy to monarchial government.</def>



<hw>An`ti*mo"nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonic acid with a base

or basic radical.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>antimoniate</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to antimony.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A preparation or medicine containing antimony.</def>



<cs><col>Antimonial powder</col>, <cd>a consisting of one part

oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also

called <xex>James's powder<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Combined or prepared with antimony; <as>as,

<ex>antimoniated</ex> tartar</as>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*mon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;

-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has

its highest equivalence; <as>as, <ex>antimonic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;

-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has

an equivalence next lower than the highest; <as>as,

<ex>antimonious</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>An"ti*mo*nite`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of antimonious acid and a base

or basic radical.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Stibnite.</def>



<hw>An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with or containing antimony;

<as>as, <ex>antimoniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>antimoniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An"ti*mo*ny</hw> <pr>(?; 112)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>antimonium</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An elementary substance, resembling a

metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its

chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic

substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.</def>



<note><hand/ It is of tin-white color, brittle, laminated or

crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low

temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, as type metal

and bell metal, and also for medical preparations, which are in

general emetics or cathartics. By ancient writers, and some

moderns, the term is applied to native <xex>gray ore of

antimony</xex>, or <xex>stibnite</xex> (the <xex>stibium</xex> of

the Romans, and the <?/ of the Greeks, a sulphide of antimony,

from which most of the antimony of commerce is obtained.

<xex>Cervantite</xex>, <xex>senarmontite</xex>, and

<xex>valentinite</xex> are native oxides of antimony.</note>



<hw>An`ti*na"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national

government.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ne*phrit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting, or deemed of use in,

diseases of the kidneys.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An

antinephritic remedy.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Antimony</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is

obligatory.</def>



<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the

moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is

necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with

John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535.</def>



<au>Mosheim.</au>



<hw>An`ti*no"mi*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

tenets or practice of Antinomians.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>An*tin"o*mist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

Antinomian.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Sanderson.</au>



<hw>An*tin"o*my</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antinomies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>antinomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ law.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Opposition of one law or rule to another law or

rule.</def>



<q>Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite

doctrines. In some instances this apparent <qex>antinomy</qex> is

doubtful.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opposing law or rule of any kind.</def>



<q>As it were by his own <qex>antinomy</qex>, or

counterstatute.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>A contradiction or

incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian

philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to

apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which

are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of

experience.</def>



<hw>An`ti*o"chi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the

founder of a sect of philosophers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in

Syria.</def>



<cs><col>Antiochian epoch</col> <fld>(Chron.)</fld>, <cd>a method

of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to

the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia,

B.C. 48.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`ti*o`don*tal"gic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in curing toothache.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for toothache.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*or*gas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to swell, as with lust.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Tending to allay venereal excitement or

desire; sedative.</def>



<hw>An`ti*pa"pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Opposed to

the pope or to popery.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>An`ti*par"al*lel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Running in a contrary direction.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>An`ti*par"al*lels</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Straight lines or planes which make

angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by

parallel lines or planes.</def>



<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against paralysis.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine for paralysis.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Antiparalytic.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to

a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>An`ti*path"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>antipathicus</ets>, Gr. <?/ of opposite feelings.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Belonging to antipathy; opposite;

contrary; allopathic.</def>



<hw>An*tip"a*thist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

has an antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Antipathist</xex> of light.</def>\'b8



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>An*tip"a*thize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

feel or show antipathy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An*tip"a*thous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>An*tip"a*thy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antipathies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>antipathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ to suffer. Cf.

F. <ets>antipathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or

dislike; repugnance; distaste.</def>



<q>Inveterate <qex>antipathies</qex> against particular nations,

and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.</q>

<qau>Washington.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of

qualities; <as>as, oil and water have

<ex>antipathy</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A habit is generated of thinking that a natural

<qex>antipathy</qex> exists between hope and reason.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<note><hand/ <plu>Any</xex> is opposed to <xex>sympathy</xex>. It

is followed by <xex>to</xex>, <xex>against</xex>, or

<xex>between</xex>; also sometimes by <xex>for</xex>.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste;

enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See

<er>Dislike</er>.</syn>



<hw>An`ti*pep"tone</hw> <pr><pr>(#)</pr></plu></pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A product of

gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in

not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic

juice.</def>



<hw>An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy possessing the property of

preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of

disease, as in intermittent fevers.</def>



<hw>An`ti*per`i*stal"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Opposed to, or checking motion; acting

upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal

tube.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a standing around, fr. <?/ to

stand around; <?/ around + <?/ to stand.]</ety> <def>Opposition

by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or

reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite

principle or quality.</def>



<hw>An`ti*per`i*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to antiperistasis.</def>



<hw>An`ti*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Standing before a petal, as a stamen.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phar"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ poison.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Antidotal; alexipharmic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

opposer of the theory of phlogiston.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Opposed to the doctrine of

phlogiston.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting

inflammation.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phlo*gis"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Any medicine or diet which tends to check

inflammation.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>An"ti*phon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>antiphona</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Anthem</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A musical response; alternate singing or

chanting. See <er>Antiphony</er>, and <er>Antiphone</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A verse said before and after the psalms.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately

by a divided choir or opposite choirs.</def>  <au>Wheatly</au>. 

-- <wordforms><wf>An*tiph"o*nal*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*tiph"o*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A book of antiphons or

anthems.</def>



<hw>An*tiph"o*na*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>antiphonarium</ets>. See <er>Antiphoner</er>.]</ety> <def>A

book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the

antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are

contained.</def>



<hw>An"ti*phone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The response which one side of the choir

makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or

signing.</def>



<hw>An*tiph"o*ner</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>antiphonaire</ets>. See <er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <def>A

book of antiphons.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>An`ti*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Antiphonal.</def>



<hw>An*tiph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antiphonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[See

<er>Antiphon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A musical response;

also, antiphonal chanting or signing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir

or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively.</def>



<q>O! never more for me shall winds intone,

With all your tops, a vast <qex>antiphony</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. Browning.</qau>



<hw>\'d8An*tiph"ra*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to express by antithesis or negation.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of words in a sense opposite to

their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a

<xex>court of vengeance</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*phras"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*phras"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiphrasis.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`ti*phthis"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relieving or curing phthisis, or

consumption.</def>  -- <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine for

phthisis.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>physical</ets>.]</ety> <def>Contrary to

nature; unnatural.</def>



<hw>An`ti*phys"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to inflate.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Relieving flatulence; carminative.</def>



<hw>An`ti*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Diminishing plasticity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing or checking the

process of healing, or granulation.</def>



<hw>An`ti*po*dag"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against gout.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine for gout.</def></def2>



<hw>An*tip"o*dal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side

of the globe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Diametrically opposite. His <xex>antipodal</xex>

shadow.\'b8



<au>Lowell.</au>



<hw>An"ti*pode</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

antipodes; anything exactly opposite.</def>



<q>In tale or history your beggar is ever the just

<qex>antipode</qex> to your king.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<note><hand/ The singular, <xex>antipode</xex>, is exceptional in

formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English

plural would be <pr><it><acr/n"t<icr/*p<omac/des</it></pr>, the

last syllable rhyming with <it>abodes</it>, and this

pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a

Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is

pronounced, after the English method of Latin,

<pr><it><acr/n*t<icr/p"<osl/*d<emac/z</it></pr>.</note>



<hw>An`ti*po"de*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the

world; antipodal.</def>



<hw>An*tip"o*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. pl.,

fr. Gr. <?/ with the feet opposite, pl. <?/ <?/; <?/ against +

<?/, <?/, foot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Those who live on the

side of the globe diametrically opposite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The country of those who live on the opposite

side of the globe.</def>



<au>Latham.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything exactly opposite or contrary.</def>



<q>Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a

more perfect <qex>antipodes</qex> to all that hath hitherto been

gospel?</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>An"ti*pole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The opposite

pole; anything diametrically opposed.</def>



<au>Geo. Eliot.</au>



<hw>An"ti*pope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope

canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at

Avignon during the Great Schism.</def>



<hw>An`tip*sor"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of use in curing the itch.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An antipsoric remedy.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An`tip*to"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ against + <?/ a falling, a case, <?/ to

fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The putting of one case for

another.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*pu*tres"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction;

antiseptic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*py"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/, pus.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Checking or preventing suppuration.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An antipyic medicine.</def2></def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*py*re"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ against + <?/ to be feverish, fr. <?/

fire.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The condition or state of

being free from fever.</def>



<hw>An`ti*py*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious in preventing or allaying

fever.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

febrifuge.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*py"rine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An artificial alkaloid, believed to be

efficient in abating fever.</def>



<hw>An`ti*py*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against burns or pyrosis.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> Anything of use in preventing or

healing burns or pyrosis.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Antiquary</er>]</ety>. <def>Pertaining to antiquaries, or to

antiquity; <as>as, <ex>antiquarian</ex> literature</as>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

antiquary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under

<er>Paper</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Character of an antiquary; study or love of

antiquities.</def>



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<def>To act the part of an antiquary.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antiquarius</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets> ancient. See

<er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antiquity.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdInstructed by the <xex>antiquary</xex>

times.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An"ti*qua*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antiquaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>One devoted to

the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions,

monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins,

manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of

antiquity.</def>



<hw>An"ti*quate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antiquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>antiquare</ets>, fr.

<ets>antiquus</ets> ancient.]</ety> <def>To make old, or

obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put

out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.</def>



<q>Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and

<qex>antiquate</qex> or abrogate old one.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>An"ti*qua`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grown

old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; <as>as,

an <ex>antiquated</ex> law</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Antiquated</xex>

words.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>Old Janet, for so he understood his <qex>antiquated</qex>

attendant was denominated.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See

<er>Ancient</er>.</syn>



<hw>An"ti*qua`ted*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

antiquated.</def>



<hw>An"ti*quate*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Antiquatedness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An`ti*qua"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antiquatio</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquare</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.</def>



<au>Beaumont.</au>



<hw>An*tique"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>antiquus</ets> old, ancient, equiv. to <ets>anticus</ets>,

from <ets>ante</ets> before. Cf. <er>Antic</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; <as>as, an

<ex>antique</ex> statue</as>. In this sense it usually refers to

the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.</def>



<q>For the <qex>antique</qex> world excess and pride did

hate.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<-- p. 66  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Old, as respects the present age, or a modern

period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; <as>as, an

<ex>antique</ex> robe</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Antique</xex>

words.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made in imitation of antiquity; <as>as, the

<ex>antique</ex> style of Thomson's \'bdCastle of

Indolence</as>.\'b8</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Odd; fantastic.</def> <altsp>[In this sense,

written <asp>antic</asp>.]</altsp>



<syn>Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned;

old. See <er>Ancient</er>.</syn>



<hw>An*tique"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Antique</er>, <pos>a.</pos> ]</ety> <def>In general, anything

very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of

ancient art; collectively, <xex>the antique</xex>, the remains of

ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.</def>



<q>Misshapen monuments and maimed <qex>antiques</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>An*tique"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an antique

manner.</def>



<hw>An*tique"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.</def>



<q>We may discover something venerable in the

<qex>antiqueness</qex> of the work.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>An"ti*quist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

antiquary; a collector of antiques.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pinkerton.</au>



<hw>An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

admirer of antiquity. <note>[Used by Milton in a disparaging

sense.]</note></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>An*tiq"ui*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antiquities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>antiquitas</ets>, fr. <ets>antiquus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>antiquit\'82</ets>. See <er>Antique</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age;

<as>as, a statue of remarkable <ex>antiquity</ex>; a family of

great <ex>antiquity</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Old age.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It not your voice broken? . . . and every part about you

blasted with <qex>antiquity</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Ancient times; former ages; times long since

past; <as>as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of

<ex>antiquity</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The ancients; the people of ancient times.</def>



<q>That such pillars were raised by Seth all <qex>antiquity</qex>

has <?/vowed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An old gentleman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You are a shrewd <qex>antiquity</qex>, neighbor Clench.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A relic or monument of ancient times; <as>as, a

coin, a statue, etc.</as> ; an ancient institution. <note>[In

this sense, usually in the plural.]</note></def> \'bdHeathen

<xex>antiquities</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>An`ti*ra*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against the rickets.</def>



<hw>An`ti*rent"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47

resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the

settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New

York.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>An`ti*rent"ism</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>One of a sect which opposes the

observance of the Christian Sabbath.</def>



<hw>An`ti*sac`er*do"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Hostile to priests or the priesthood.</def>



<au>Waterland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*tis"cians</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8An*tis"ci*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>antiscii</ets>, Gr. <?/, pl.; <?/ against + <?/

shadow.]</ety> <def>The inhabitants of the earth, living on

different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in

opposite directions.</def>



<q>The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are

always <qex>Antiscians</qex>.</q>

<qau>Brande & C.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*sco*let"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*scol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a worm.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Anthelmintic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Counteracting scurvy.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A remedy for scurvy.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antiscorbutic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*scrip"tur*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy

Scriptures.</def>



<hw>An`ti*sep"al*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>sepal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent

tendency in the system; antiputrefactive.</def>



<cs><col>Antiseptic surgery</col>, <cd>that system of surgical

practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in

the performance of operations and the dressing of

wounds.</cd></cs>



<hw>An`ti*sep"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance which

prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from,

putrefactive organisms; <as>as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol,

cinchona</as>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>By means of antiseptics.</def>



<hw>An`ti*slav"er*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Opposed

to slavery.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> Opposition to

slavery.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*so"cial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or

hostile to its existence; <as>as, <ex>antisocial</ex>

principles</as>.</def>



<hw>An`ti*so"cial*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One opposed to the

doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.</def>



<hw>An`ti*so"lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Opposite

to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180<deg/ distant

from the sun.</def>



<hw>An`ti*spas*mod"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against spasms.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine which prevents or allays

spasms or convulsions.</def></def2>



<hw>An"ti*spast</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antispastus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to draw the contrary

way; <?/ against + <?/ to draw.]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A

foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the

second and third long (#).</def>



<hw>An`ti*spas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/. See <er>Antispast</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of

humors from one part to another.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An antispastic agent.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*splen"e*tic</hw> <pr>(<?/; see <er>Splenetic</er>,

277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Good as a remedy against disease of

the spleen.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An antisplenetic

medicine.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8An*tis"tro*phe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to turn to the opposite side; <?/ against +

<?/ to turn. See <er>Strophe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In

Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly

answering to a previous <xex>strophe</xex> or movement from right

to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.</def>



<q>It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars

whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three

stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in

turning from east to west; the other, named

<qex>antistrophe</qex>, in returning from west to east; then they

stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last

part of the song.</q>

<qau>Abp. Potter.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The repetition

of words in an inverse order; <as>as, the master of the servant

and the servant of the master</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.</def>



<hw>An`ti*stroph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*tis"tro*phon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ turned opposite ways.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>

<def>An argument retorted on an opponent.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>An`ti*stru"mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Antistrumous.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine for scrofula.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*stru"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Good against scrofulous disorders.</def>



<au>Johnson. Wiseman.</au>



<hw>An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Efficacious against syphilis.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A medicine for syphilis.</def></def2>



<hw>An`ti*the"ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrine of antitheists.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*the*is"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An`ti*the"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disbeliever in the

existence of God.</def>



<hw>An*tith"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antitheses</plw>. <pr>(#)</pr></plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to set against, to oppose; <?/ against + <?/ to set. See

<er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>An

opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the

same sentence; as, \'bdThe prodigal <xex>robs his heir</xex>; the

miser <xex>robs himself</xex>.\'b8  \'bdHe had <xex>covertly

shot</xex> at Cromwell; he how <xex>openly aimed</xex> at the

Queen.\'b8</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The second of two clauses forming an

antithesis.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Opposition; contrast.</def>



<hw>An"ti*thet</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>antitheton</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, antithetic.]</ety>

<def>An antithetic or contrasted statement.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to antithesis, or

opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature

of, antithesis; contrasted.</def>



<hw>An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way

antithesis.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An`ti*tox"in</hw>, <hw>An`ti*tox"ine</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> +

<ets>toxin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A substance (sometimes the product

of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in

the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity

from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects

of pathogenic bacteria.</def>



<hw>An"ti-trade`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tropical

wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade

wind.</def>



<hw>\'d8An*tit"ra*gus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A prominence on the

lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear,

opposite the tragus. See <er>Ear</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`ti*tro*chan"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>An articular surface on the ilium of

birds against which the great trochanter of the femur

plays.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>An*tit"ro*pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*tit"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>anti-</ets> + Gr. <?/ turn, <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>At the extremity most remote from the

hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as

the radicle.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>An"ti*ty`pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Antitypical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"ti*type</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ of

corresponding form; <?/ against + <?/ type, figure. See

<er>Type</er>.]</ety> <def>That of which the type pattern or

representation; that which is represented by the type or

symbol.</def>



<hw>An`ti*typ"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*tit"y*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Resisting blows; hard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>An*tit"y*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Opposition or resistance of matter to

force.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Opposition to vaccination.</def>



<au>London Times.</au>



<hw>An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

antivaccinist.</def>



<hw>An`ti*vac"ci*nist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One opposed to

vaccination.</def>



<hw>An`ti*va*ri"o*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Preventing the contagion of smallpox.</def>



<hw>An`ti*ve*ne"re*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Good

against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.</def>



<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Opposition to vivisection.</def>



<hw>An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One opposed

to vivisection</def>



<hw>An`ti*zym"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Preventing

fermentation.</def>



<hw>An`ti*zy*mot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Preventing fermentation or

decomposition.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An agent so

used.</def></def2>



<hw>Ant"ler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>auntelere</ets>, OF. <ets>antoillier</ets>,

<ets>andoiller</ets>, <ets>endouiller</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>andouiller</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>antocularis</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>ante</ets> before + <ets>oculus</ets> eye. See

<er>Ocular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The entire

horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a

stag.</def>



<q>Huge stags with sixteen <qex>antlers</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ The branch next to the head is called the <xex>brow

antler</xex>, and the branch next above, the <xex>bez

antler</xex>, or <xex>bay antler</xex>. The main stem is the

<xex>beam</xex>, and the branches are often called

<xex>tynes</xex>. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths,

and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See

<er>Velvet</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Antler moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

destructive European moth <spn>(Cerapteryx graminis)</spn>, which

devastates grass lands.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ant"lered</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with antlers.</def>



<q>The <qex>antlered</qex> stag.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ant"li*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Antil\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a pump, Gr,

<?/ hold of a ship]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spiral

tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See

<er>Lepidoptera</er>.</def>



<hw>Ant"-li`on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A neuropterous insect, the larva of

which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The

common American species is <spn>Myrmeleon obsoletus</spn>, the

European is <spn>M. formicarius</spn>.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8An*t\'d2"ci</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>An*t\'d2"*cians</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl</pos>.

<ety>[NL. <ets>antoeci</ets>, fr. Gr. pl. <?/; <?/ opposite + <?/

to live.]</ety> <def>Those who live under the same meridian, but

on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the

equator.</def>



<hw>\'d8An`to*no*ma"si*a</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to name instead; <?/ + <?/ to

name, <?/ name.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use of some

epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead

of the proper name of the person; as when <xex>his majesty</xex>

is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,

<xex>the philosopher</xex>; or, conversely, the use of a proper

name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a

<xex>Solomon</xex>, or an eminent orator a

<xex>Cicero</xex>.</def>



<hw>An`to*no*mas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>An*ton"o*ma*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Antonomasia.</def>



<hw>An"to*nym</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

word used in substitution for another; <?/ + <?/, <?/, a

word.]</ety> <def>A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; --

used as a correlative of <xex>synonym</xex>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>C. J. Smith.</au>



<hw>Ant*or"bit*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>orbital</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of

the orbit.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> The antorbital

bone.</def></def2>



<hw>Ant`or*gas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Antiorgastic</er>.</def>



<hw>Ant*o"zone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>anti-</ets> + <ets>ozone</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen,

but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because

apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary

oxygen.</def>



<hw>An"tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Relating to an antrum.</def>



<hw>An"tre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>antre</ets>, L. <ets>antrum</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<def>A cavern.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>An*trorse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>ante + versun</ets> turned; apparently formed in imitation

of <ets>re<?/rorse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Forward

or upward in direction.</def>



<au>Gray</au>.



<hw>An`tro*vert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bend

forward.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Owen</au>.



<hw>\'d8An"trum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Antra</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<def>A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or

sinus</def>.



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>\'d8An*trus"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. LL. <ets>antrustio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A vassal or voluntary

follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises</def>.



<hw>Ant" thrush`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of several species of tropical birds, of

the Old World, of the genus <spn>Pitta</spn>, somewhat resembling

the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>See <cref>Ant bird</cref>, under <er>Ant</er>.</def>



<hw>'d8A*nu"bis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>An Egyptian deity, the conductor of

departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of

a dog or fox.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*nu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tail.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence

of a tail, as the frogs and toads. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>anoura</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*nu"rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and

toads.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>anourous</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>An"u*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv.

+ <?/ urine.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Nonsecretion or

defective secretion of urine; ischury.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"nus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., prob.

for <ets>asnus</ets>: cf. Gr. <?/ to sit, Skr.

<ets>\'bes</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The posterior

opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are

expelled.</def>



<hw>An"vil</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>anvelt</ets>, <ets>anfelt</ets>, <ets>anefelt</ets>, AS.

<ets>anfilt</ets>, <ets>onfilt</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf.

OHG. <ets>anafalz</ets>, D. <ets>aanbeld</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon

which metals are hammered and shaped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling an anvil in shape or

use.</def> Specifically <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <def>the incus. See

<er>Incus</er>.</def>



<cs><col>To be on the anvil</col>, <cd>to be in a state of

discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or

measure is forming, but not matured.</cd></cs>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>An"vil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form or shape on an

anvil; to hammer out; <as>as, <ex>anviled</ex> armor</as>.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Anx*i"e*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anxietudo</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of being anxious;

anxiety.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Anx*i"e*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Anxieties</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>anxietas</ets>, fr. <ets>anxius</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>anxi\'82t\'82</ets>. See <er>Anxious</er>.]</ety><-- p. 67 

--> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Concern or solicitude respecting some thing

o<?/<?/vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and

keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eager desire.</def>



<au>J. D. Forbes</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A state of restlessness and

agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing

sense of oppression at the epigastrium.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness;

perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension;

restlessness. See <er>Care</er>.</syn>



<hw>Anx"ious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>anxius</ets>, fr. <ets>angere</ets> to cause pain, choke;

akin to Gr. <?/ to choke. See <er>Anger</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or

solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful

suspense; -- applied to persons; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> for the

issue of a battle</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying;

-- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> labor</as>.</def>



<q>The sweet of life, from which

God hath bid dwell far off all <qex>anxious</qex> cares.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Earnestly desirous; <as>as, <ex>anxious</ex> to

please</as>.</def>



<q>He sneers alike at those who are <qex>anxious</qex> to

preserve and at those who are eager for reform.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><xex>Anxious<xex> is followed by <it>for</it>,

<it>about</it>, <it>concerning</it>, etc., before the object of

solicitude.



<syn>Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless;

concerned; disturbed; watchful.</syn>



<hw>Anx"ious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an anxious manner;

with painful uncertainty; solicitously.</def>



<hw>Anx"ious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.</def>



<hw>A"ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & pron.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>\'91ni<?/</ets>, <ets>\'91ni</ets>, <ets>eni</ets>,

<ets>ani</ets>, <ets>oni</ets>, AS. <ets>\'d6nig</ets>, fr.

<ets>\'ben</ets> one. It is akin to OS. <ets>\'c7nig</ets>, OHG.

<ets>einic</ets>, G. <ets>einig</ets>, D. <ets>eenig</ets>. See

<er>One</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One indifferently, out of

an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever

it may be.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Any</xex> is often used in denying or asserting

without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at

<xex>any</xex> time; I ask <xex>any</xex> one to answer my

question.</note>



<q>No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth

<qex>any</qex> man the Father, save the Son.</q>

<qau>Matt. xi. 27.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as,

are there <xex>any</xex> witnesses present? are there

<xex>any</xex> other houses like it?</def>   \'bdWho will show us

<xex>any</xex> good?\'b8



<au>Ps. iv. 6.</au>



<note>It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as

a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone;

(<pos>pl.</pos>) any persons.</note>



<q>If <qex>any</qex> of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . .

. and it shall be given him.</q>

<qau>Jas. i. 5.</qau>



<q>That if he found <qex>any</qex> of this way, whether they were

men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.</q>

<qau>Acts ix. 2.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>At any rate</col>, <col>In any case</col></mcol>,

<cd>whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.</cd></cs>



<hw>A"ny</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To any extent; in any degree;

at all.</def>



<q>You are not to go loose <qex>any</qex> longer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Before you go <qex>any</qex> farther.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<hw>A"ny*bod*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any

person.</def>



<q>His Majesty could not keep any secret from

<qex>anybody</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person of consideration or standing.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and

shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or

<qex>anybody</qex> in the list.</q>

<qau>Lond. Sat. Rev.</qau>



<hw>A"ny*how`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In any way

or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.</def>



<q><qex>Anyhow</qex>, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple

selforiginated error.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<q><qex>Anyhow</qex>, the languages of the two nations were

closely allied.</q>

<qau>E. A. Freeman.</qau>



<hw>A"ny*one</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One taken at

random rather than by selection; anybody. <note>[Commonly written

as two words.]</note></def>



<hw>A"ny*thing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of

any kind; something or other; aught; <as>as, I would not do it

for <ex>anything</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Did you ever know of <qex>anything</qex> so unlucky?</q>

<qau>A. Trollope.</qau>



<q>They do not know that <qex>anything</qex> is amiss with

them.</q>

<qau>W. G. Sumner.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with

<xex>as</xex> or <xex>like</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. or

Lowx]</mark>



<q>I fear your girl will grow as proud as

<qex>anything</qex>.</q>

<qau>Richardson.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Any thing</xex>, written as two words, is now

commonly used in contradistinction to <xex>any person</xex> or

<xex>anybody</xex>. Formerly it was also separated when used in

the wider sense. \'bdNecessity drove them to undertake <xex>any

thing</xex> and venture <xex>any thing</xex>.\'b8</note>



<au>De Foe.</au>



<cs><col>Anything but</col>, <cd>not at all or in any

respect.</cd> \'bdThe battle was a rare one, and the victory

<xex>anything but<xex> secure.\'b8 <au>Hawthorne</au>. --

<col>Anything like</col>, <cd>in any respect; at all; <as>as, I

can not give <ex>anything like<ex> a fair sketch of his

trials</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A"ny*thing</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In any measure;

anywise; at all.</def>



<q>Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . .

. <qex>anything</qex> at all quailed.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<hw>A`ny*thing*a"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who holds to no particular creed or dogma.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A"ny*way</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A"ny*ways</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Anywise; at all.</def>



<au>Tennyson. Southey.</au>



<hw>A"ny*where</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In any

place.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>A"ny*whith`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>To or

towards any place.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>De Foe.</au>



<hw>A"ny*wise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In any wise

or way; at all.</def> \'bd<xex>Anywise</xex> essential.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>A*o"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Aonia</ets>, a part of B<oe/otia, in Greece.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to Aonia, B<oe/otia, or to the Muses, who were

supposed to dwell there.</def>



<cs><col>Aonian fount</col>, <cd>the fountain of Aganippe, at the

foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the

Muses.</cd></cs>



<hw>A"o*rist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

indefinite; <?/ priv. + <?/ to define, <?/ boundary,

limit.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A tense in the Greek

language, which expresses an action as completed in past time,

but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.</def>



<hw>A`o*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist

tense.</def>



<hw>A*or"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to lift, heave.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts

of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial

system.</def>



<note><hand/ In fishes and the early stages of all higher

vertebrates the aorta divides near its origin into several

branches (the <xex>aortic arches</xex>) which pass in pairs round

the \'d2sophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or

more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but

only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side

in the former, and on the left in the latter.</note>



<-- Illustration: heart and aorta -->



<hw>A*or"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the aorta.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`or*ti"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aorta</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the aorta.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"ou*dad</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The

Moorish name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African

sheeplike quadruped (the <spn>Ammotragus tragelaphus</spn>)

having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps,

the chamois of the Old Testament.</def>



<hw>A*pace"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>pace</ets>. OE. <ets>a pas</ets> at a walk,

in which <ets>a</ets> is the article. See <er>Pace</er>.]</ety>

<def>With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.</def>



<q>His dewy locks did drop with brine <qex>apace</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>A visible triumph of the gospel draw<?/ on

<qex>apace</qex>.</q>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>A*pa"ches</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>; <sing>sing.

Apache</sing> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A group of

nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of

Arizona, New Mexico, etc.</def>



<hw>Ap`a*go"ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a

leading away, fr. <?/ to lead away; <?/ from + <?/ to

lead.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>An indirect argument which

proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the

contrary.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`a*gog"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap`a*gog"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Proving indirectly, by

showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary.</def>



<au>Bp. Berkeley.</au>



<hw>A*paid"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Paid;

pleased.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*pair"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

impair or become impaired; to injure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ap`a*la"chi*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Appalachian</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap"an*age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Appanage</er>.</def>



<hw>A*pan"thro*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ from + <?/ man.]</ety> <def>An aversion to the company of

men; a love of solitude.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8A"par</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A"pa*ra</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native name

<ets>apara</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Mataco</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`pa*re"jo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A kind of pack saddle used in the American

military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of

leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`a*rith"me*sis</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, from <?/ to count off or over.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Enumeration of parts or

particulars.</def>



<hw>A*part"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>\'85

part</ets>; (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>part</ets> part. See

<er>Part</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Separately, in regard to

space or company; in a state of separation as to place;

aside.</def>



<q>Others <qex>apart</qex> sat on a hill retired.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The Lord hath set <qex>apart</qex> him that is godly for

himself.</q>

<qau>Ps. iv. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of

distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of

thought; separately; independently; <as>as, consider the two

propositions <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Aside; away.</def> \'bdWherefore lay

<xex>apart</xex> all filthiness and superfluity of

naughtiness.\'b8



<au>Jas. i. 21.</au>



<q>Let Pleasure go, put Care <qex>apart</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; <as>as,

to take a piece of machinery <ex>apart</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A*part"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appartement</ets>; cf. It. <ets>appartamento</ets>, fr.

<ets>appartare</ets> to separate, set apart; all fr. L. <ets>ad +

pars</ets>, <ets>partis</ets>, part. See <er>Apart</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A room in a building; a division in a house,

separated from others by partitions.</def>



<au>Fielding.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A set or suite of rooms.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A compartment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>A*part"ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of standing apart.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*as"tron</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

from + <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point in

the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest

from its primary.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ap`a*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Apathy</er>.]</ety> <def>Void of feeling; not

susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.</def>



<hw>Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an apathetic

manner.</def>



<hw>Ap"a*thist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>apathiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who is destitute of

feeling.</def>



<hw>Ap`a*this"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Apathetic; une motional.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap"a*thy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apathies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>apathia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, to

suffer: cf. F. <ets>apathie</ets>. See <er>Pathos</er>.]</ety>

<def>Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or

excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the

mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or

state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to

active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>apathy</xex> of despair.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>A certain <qex>apathy</qex> or sluggishness in his nature

which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>According to the Stoics, <qex>apathy</qex> meant the

extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason.</q>

<qau>Fleming.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the first ages of the church, the Christians

adopted the term to express a contempt of earthly

concerns.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference;

unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.</syn>



<hw>Ap"a*tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

deceit, fr. <?/ to deceive; it having been often mistaken for

other minerals.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Native phosphate of

lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale

green, transparent or translucent.</def>



<hw>A`pau`m\'82"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Appaum<?/</er>.</def>



<hw>Ape</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>apa</ets>; akin to D. <ets>aap</ets>, OHG. <ets>affo</ets>,

G. <ets>affe</ets>, Icel. <ets>api</ets>, Sw. <ets>apa</ets>,

Dan. <ets>abe</ets>, W. <ets>epa</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the

family <xex>Simiad\'91</xex>, having teeth of the same number and

form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in

man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is

applied esp. to species of the genus <spn>Hylobates</spn>, and is

sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher

forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called

<xex>anthropoid apes</xex> or <xex>man apes</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>ape</xex> of the Old Testament was

prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the

manners of the ape); a mimic.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dupe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ape</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Aped</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mimic, as an ape imitates

human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or

irrationally.</def> \'bdHow he <xex>apes</xex> his sire.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>The people of England will not <qex>ape</qex> the fashions

they have never tried.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>A*peak"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>peak</ets>. Cf. F. <ets>\'85 pic</ets>

vertically.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>In a vertical line.

The anchor in <xex>apeak</xex>, when the cable has been

sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is

them said to be hove <xex>apeak</xex>.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>apeek</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ape"hood</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being an ape.</def>



<hw>A*pel"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + L. <ets>pellis</ets> skin.]</ety>

<def>Destitute of skin.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ap"en*nine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Apenninus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>pen</ets>, or

<ets>ben</ets>, peak, mountain.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending

through Italy.</def>



<hw>A*pep"sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>apepsia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ uncooked, undigested;

<?/ priv. + <?/ cooked, <?/ to cook, digest.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Defective digestion, indigestion.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>Ap"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

apes.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*pe"re*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild Guinea pig of

Brazil (<spn>Cavia aperea</spn>).</def>



<hw>A*pe"ri*ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aperiens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aperire</ets> to uncover,

open; <ets>ab + parire</ets>, <ets>parere</ets>, to bring forth,

produce. Cf. <er>Cover</er>, <er>Overt</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Gently opening the bowels; laxative.</def> 

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An aperient medicine or

food.</def></def2>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>A*per"i*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ap\'82ritif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aperire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Serving to open; aperient.</def>



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>A*pert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>apert</ets>, L. <ets>apertus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>aperire</ets>. See <er>Aperient</er>, and cf. <er>Pert</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Open; ev<?/dent; undisguised.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>A*pert"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Openly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*per"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apertio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of opening; an opening;

an aperture.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>A*pert"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Openly; clearly.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>A*pert"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Openness;

frankness.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Ap"er*ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apertura</ets>, fr. <ets>aperire</ets>. See

<er>Aperient</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

opening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or

chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; <as>as, an <ex>aperture</ex>

in a wall</as>.</def>



<q>An <qex>aperture</qex> between the mountains.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<q>The back <qex>aperture</qex> of the nostrils.</q>

<qau>Owen.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>The diameter of the exposed

part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical

instrument; <as>as, a telescope of four-inch

<ex>aperture</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>aperture</xex> of microscopes is often

expressed in degrees, called also the <xex>angular

aperture</xex>, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil

of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point

viewed; as, a microscope of 100<deg/ <xex>aperture</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ap"er*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aperies</plw>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where apes are

kept.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Kingsley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice of aping; an apish action.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<-- p. 68  -->



<hw>A*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>petal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See <xex>Illust</xex>.

under <er>Anther</er>].</def>



<hw>A*pet"al*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

apetalous.</def>



<hw>A"pex</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Apexes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; L. <plw>Apices</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The tip,

top, point, or angular summit of anything; <as>as, the

<ex>apex</ex> of a mountain, spire, or cone; the <ex>apex</ex>,

or tip, of a leaf.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The end or edge of a vein

nearest the surface.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Apex of the earth's motion</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,

<cd>that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in

its orbit.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8A*ph\'91r"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Apheresis</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*pha"ki*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.;

Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ seed of a lentil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of

the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The

remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>A*pha"ki*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to aphakia; <as>as,

<ex>aphakial</ex> eyes</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Aph`a*nip"te*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ invisible (<?/ priv. + <?/ to appear) +

<?/ a wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of wingless

insects, of which the flea in the type. See <er>Flea</er>.</def>



<hw>Aph`a*nip"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Aphaniptera.</def>



<hw>Aph"a*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

invisible; <?/ priv. + <?/ to appear.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A very compact, dark-colored <?/ock, consisting of

hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in

perceptible grains.</def>



<hw>Aph`a*nit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Resembling aphanite; having a very

fine-grained structure.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*pha"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aph"a*sy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphasia</ets>,

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ not spoken; <?/ priv. + <?/ to speak: cf. F.

<ets>aphasie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of the

power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal

organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It

is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.</def>



<hw>A*pha"sic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.</def>



<hw>A*phel"ion</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aphelia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ + <?/

sun.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>That point of a planet's or

comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite

point being the <xex>perihelion</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*phe`li*o*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/ sun + <?/ belonging to a turning.]</ety> <def>Turning

away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain

plants.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*phe"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ voice.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss

of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing;

-- a disorder of cerebral origin.</def>



<hw>A*pher"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aphaeresis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to take away; <?/ + <?/

to take.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The dropping

of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; <it>e.

g</it>., cute for <xex>a</xex>cute.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An operation by which any

part is separated from the rest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Aph"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a letting go; <?/ + <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>The loss of a

short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result

of a phonetic process; <as>as, <ex>squire</ex> for

<ex>esquire</ex></as>.</def>



<au>New Eng. Dict.</au>



<hw>A*phet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

letting go, fr. <?/ to let go.]</ety> <def>Shortened by dropping

a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; <as>as, an

<ex>aphetic</ex> word or form</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>A*phet"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>New Eng. Dict.</au>



<hw>Aph"e*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aphetized

form of a word.</def>



<au>New Eng. Dict.</au>



<hw>Aph"e*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

shorten by aphesis.</def>



<q>These words . . . have been <qex>aphetized</qex>.</q>

<qau>New Eng. Dict.</qau>



<hw>A"phid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.</def>



<hw>Aph"i*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aphis</er>.</def>



<hw>A*phid"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the family

<spn>Aphid\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of

the aphides; an aphid.</def></def2>



<hw>Aph`i*div"o*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> +

L. <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.</def>



<hw>Aph`i*doph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aphis</ets> + Gr. <?/ to eat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice,

as do beetles of the family <spn>Coccinellid\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Aph`i*lan"thro*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ not loving man; <?/ priv. + <?/ to love + <?/ man.]</ety>

<def>Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of

<xex>philanthropy</xex>.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"phis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aphides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects belonging to the

order Hemiptera and family <spn>Aphid\'91</spn>, including

numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.</def>



<note><hand/ Besides the true males and females, there is a race

of wingless asexual individuals which have the power of producing

living young in rapid succession, and these in turn may produce

others of the same kind for several generations, before sexual

individuals appear. They suck the sap of plants by means of a

tubular proboscis, and owing to the wonderful rapidity of their

reproduction become very destructive to vegetation. Many of the

<spn>Aphid\'91</spn> excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end

of the body.</note>



<hw>A"phis li"on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The larva of the lacewinged flies <spn>(Chrysopa)</spn>,

which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to

the larv\'91 of the ladybugs <spn>(Coccinella)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Aph`lo*gis"*tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ not inflammable; <?/ priv. + <?/ set on fire. See

Phlogiston.]</ety> <def>Flameless; <as>as, an

<ex>aphlogistic</ex> lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a

state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*pho"ni*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aph"o*ny</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>aphonia</ets>,

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ voiceless; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice: cf. F.

<ets>aphonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Loss of voice

or vocal utterance.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*phon"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Aph"o*nous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without voice;

voiceless; nonvocal.</def>



<hw>Aph"o*rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aphorisme</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ definition, a short, pithy

sentence, fr. <?/ to mark off by boundaries, to define; <?/ from

+ <?/ to separate, part. See <er>Horizon</er>.]</ety> <def>A

comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a

sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than

to practical matters.</def>



<q>The first <qex>aphorism</qex> of Hippocrates is, \'bdLife is

short, and the art is long.\'b8</q>

<qau>Fleming.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw;

truism; dictum. See <er>Axiom</er>.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aph`o*ris*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Aph`o*ris"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an

aphorism.</def>



<hw>Aph`o*ris"mer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer

in aphorisms.</def> <mark>[Used in derogation or

contempt.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Aph"o*rist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer or utterer of

aphorisms.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aph`o*ris"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>In the form of, or of the nature of,

an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; <as>as,

an <ex>aphoristic</ex> style</as>.</def>



<q>The method of the book is <qex>aphoristic</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the form or

manner of aphorisms; pithily.</def>



<hw>Aph"o*rize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make

aphorisms.</def>



<hw>Aph"rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>See under <er>Calcite</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ pertaining to sensual love, fr. <?/. See

<er>Aphrodite</er>.]</ety> <def>Exciting venereal desire;

provocative to venery.</def>



<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*ac</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which (as a

drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.</def>



<hw>Aph`ro*dis"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus.

\'bd<xex>Aphrodisian</xex> dames\'b8 [that is, courtesans].</def>



<au>C. Reade.</au>



<hw>\'d8Aph`ro*di"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>The Greek

goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large marine annelid,

covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set\'91; the sea

mouse.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful butterfly

<spn>(Argunnis Aphrodite)</spn> of the United States.</def>



<hw>Aph`ro*dit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Venereal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Aph"tha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sing. of

<er>Aphth\'91</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>One of the whitish specks called aphth\'91.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The disease, also called thrush.</def>



<hw>\'d8Aph"th\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/ (mostly in pl. <?/, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr.

<?/ to set on fire, inflame.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the

lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly

characteristic of thrush.</def>



<hw>Aph"thoid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Aphtha</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the nature of aphth\'91;

resembling thrush.</def>



<hw>Aph"thong</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

silent; <?/ priv. + <?/ voice, sound, fr. <?/ to sound.]</ety>

<def>A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling

a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Aph*thon"gal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Aph"thous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aphtheux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or caused by,

aphth\'91; characterized by apht\'91; <as>as, <ex>aphthous</ex>

ulcers; <ex>aphthous</ex> fever.</as></def>



<hw>Aph"yl*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of

leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants,

etc.</def>



<hw>A`pi*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Umbelliferous.</def>



<hw>A"pi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to

bees.</def>



<hw>A`pi*a"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to bees.</def>



<hw>A"pi*a*rist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps an apiary.</def>



<hw>A"pi*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apiarium</ets>, fr. <ets>apis</ets> bee.]</ety> <def>A place

where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.</def>



<hw>Ap"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apex</ets>, <ets>apicis</ets>, tip or summit.]</ety> <def>At

or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ap"i*ces</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Apex</er>.</def>



<hw>A*pi"cian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Apicianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to Apicius, a

notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly

refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.</def>



<au>H. Rogers.</au>



<hw>A*pic"u*lar</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>apiculus</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>apex</ets>,

<ets>apicis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Situated at, or near, the apex;

apical.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*pic"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*pic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Apicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a

leaf.</def>



<hw>Ap"i*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apis</ets> bee + E. culture.]</ety> <def>Rearing of bees for

their honey and wax.</def>



<hw>A*piece"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>piece</ets>.]</ety> <def>Each by itself; by

the single one; to each; as the share of each; <as>as, these

melons cost a shilling <ex>apiece</ex></as>.</def> \'bdFined . .

. a thousand pounds <xex>apiece</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>A*pie"ces</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In pieces

or to pieces.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBeing torn

<xex>apieces</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*pik"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Trimmed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Full fresh and new here gear <qex>apiked</qex> was.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A"pi*ol</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>api</ets>um parsley + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An oily liquid derived from parsley.</def>



<hw>A`pi*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apis</ets> bee + <ets>-logist</ets> (see

<er>-logy</er>).]</ety> <def>A student of bees.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"pis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

bee.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of insects of the

order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (<spn>Apis

mellifica</spn>) and other related species. See

<er>Honeybee</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence:

Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling.</def>



<q>The <qex>apish</qex> gallantry of a fantastic boy.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ap"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an apish manner; with

servile imitation; foppishly.</def>



<hw>Ap"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

apish; mimicry; foppery.</def>



<hw>A*pit"pat</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>pitpat</ets>.]</ety> <def>With quick beating or palpitation;

pitapat.</def>



<au>Congreve.</au>



<hw>Ap`la*cen"tal</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>placental</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to the Aplacentata;

without placenta.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`la*cen*ta"ta</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>placenta</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Mammals which have no placenta.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`la*coph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a flat cake + <?/ to

bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Amphineura

in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or

set\'91, but is without shelly plates.</def>



<hw>Ap`la*nat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ disposed to wander, wandering, <?/ to wander.]</ety>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>Having two or more parts of different

curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; --

said of a lens.</def>



<cs><col>Aplanatic focus</col> of a lens <fld>(Opt.)</fld>,

<cd>the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens

without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there

are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact

that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are

constructed.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*plan"a*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Freedom

from spherical aberration.</def>



<hw>A*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>plastic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not plastic

or easily molded.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`plomb"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., lit.

perpendicularity; <?/ to + <ets>plomb</ets> lead. See

<er>Plumb</er>.]</ety> <def>Assurance of manner or of action;

self-possession.</def>



<hw>A*plot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

simple + <?/ a cutting.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>Simple

incision.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*plus"tre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>An ornamental

appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a

fan and curved like a bird's feather.</def>



<au>Audsley.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*plys"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a dirty sponge, fr. <?/ unwashed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to wash.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine mollusks of the

order <spn>Tectibranchiata</spn>; the sea hare. Some of the

species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which

colors the water to some distance. See <xex>Illust</xex>. in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*neu"mo*na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, a lung.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of holothurians in which the

internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also

<spn>Apoda</spn> or <spn>Apodes</spn>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*n<?/"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, breath, <?/ to breathe, blow.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Partial privation or suspension of breath;

suffocation.</def>



<hw>Ap"o</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/. See

<er>Ab-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix from a Greek preposition. It

usually signifies <xex>from</xex>, <xex>away from</xex>,

<xex>off</xex>, or <xex>asunder</xex>, <xex>separate</xex>;

<as>as, in <ex>apo</ex>cope (a cutting <ex>off</ex>),

<ex>apo</ex>state, <ex>apo</ex>stle (one sent <ex>away</ex>),

<ex>apo</ex>carpous</as>.</def>



<hw>A*poc"a*lypse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apocalypsis</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to uncover, to disclose;

<?/ from + <?/ to cover, conceal: cf. F.

<ets>apocalypse</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The revelation

delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of

the first century, forming the last book of the New

Testament.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything viewed as a revelation; as

disclosure.</def>



<q>The new <qex>apocalypse</qex> of Nature.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a revelation, or,

specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of

the nature of, a prophetic revelation.</def>



<cs><col>Apocolyptic number</col>, <cd>the number 666, mentioned

in <au>Rev. xiii. 18</au>. It has been variously

interpreted.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 69  -->



<mhw><hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tist</hw></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The writer of

the Apocalypse.</def>



<hw>A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*car"pous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets>

+ Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Either entirely of

partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; --

opposed to <xex>syncarpous</xex>.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>apocopatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apocopare</ets> to cut off,

fr. L. <ets>apocore</ets>. See <er>Apocope</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To cut off or drop; <as>as, to

<ex>apocopate</ex> a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part

of a word</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*poc"o*pate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*poc"o*pa`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Shortened by apocope; <as>as, an <ex>apocopate</ex>

form</as>.</def>



<hw>A*poc`o*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*poc"o*pe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/ a

cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The cutting off, or omission, of the last

letter, syllable, or part of a word.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cutting off;

abscission.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>apocrisiarius</ets>,

<ets>apocrisarius</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ answer, fr. <?/ to answer;

<?/ from + <?/ to separate.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at

Constantinople.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*crus"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

able to drive off, fr. <?/ to drive off.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Astringent and repellent.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> An apocrustic medicine.</def></def2>



<hw>A*poc"ry*pha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>, but often

used as <xex>sing</xex>. with <plu>pl. <plw>Apocryphas</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>apocryphus</ets> apocryphal,

Gr. <?/ hidden, spurious, fr. <?/ to hide; <?/ from + <?/ to

hide.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something, as a writing, that is of

doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also

adjectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Locke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specif.: Certain writings which are received by

some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but

are rejected by others.</def>



<note><hand/ Fourteen such writings, or books, formed part of the

Septuagint, but not of the Hebrew canon recognized by the Jews of

Palestine. The Council of Trent included all but three of these

in the canon of inspired books having equal authority. The German

and English Reformers grouped them in their Bibles under the

title <xex>Apocrypha</xex>, as not having dogmatic authority, but

being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly

<?/mitted from the King James's Bible.</note>



<hw>A*poc"ry*phal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to the Apocrypha.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority;

equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.</def>



<q>The passages . . . are, however, in part from

<qex>apocryphal</qex> or fictitious works.</q>

<qau>Sir G. C. Lewis.</qau>



<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who believes

in, or defends, the Apocrypha.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an apocryphal

manner; mythically; not indisputably.</def>



<hw>A*poc"ry*phal*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or

genuineness.</def>



<mhw><hw>A*poc`y*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`o*cyn"e*ous</hw><mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ dogbane; <?/ from + <?/ dog.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or resembling, a family of

plants, of which the dogbane <spn>(Apocynum)</spn> is the

type.</def>



<hw>A*poc"y*nin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Apocynum</ets>, the generic name of dogbane.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A bitter principle obtained from the

dogbane <spn>(Apocynum cannabinum)</spn>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap"od</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap"o*dal</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Apod</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without feet;

footless.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of the ventral

fin, as the eels.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap"od</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap"ode</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Apods</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or

<plw>Apodes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, <?/,

footless; <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, foot.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of certain animals that have no

feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which

were said to have no feet.</def>



<note><hand/ The bird of paradise formerly had the name

<spn>Paradisea apoda</spn>, being supposed to have no feet, as

these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East

Indies.</note>



<hw>\'d8Ap"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/. See <er>Apod</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A group of cirripeds,

destitute of footlike organs.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An order of

Amphibia without feet. See <er>Ophiomorpha</er>.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A group of worms without appendages, as the

leech.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*dan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap"o*deic"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>apodicticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to point out,

to show by argument; <?/ from + <?/ to show.]</ety>

<def>Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond

contradiction.</def>



<au>Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.</au>



<mhw><hw>Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly</hw>,

<hw>Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly</hw></mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to

be evident beyond contradiction.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*deme</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and

unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap"o*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

masc. pl. See <er>Apoda</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An order of fishes without ventral fins,

including the eels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A group of

holothurians destitute of suckers. See <er>Apneumona</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*dic"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Apodeictic</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`o*dix"is</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Full demonstration.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*pod"o*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to give back; <?/ from, back again + <?/ to

give.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The consequent clause or

conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the

<xex>result</xex>, and thus distinguished from the

<xex>protasis</xex> or clause which expresses a

<xex>condition</xex>. Thus, in the sentence, \'bdThough he slay

me, yet will I trust in him,\'b8 the former clause is the

<xex>protasis</xex>, and the latter the

<xex>apodosis</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ Some grammarians extend the terms

<xex>protasis</xex> and <xex>apodosis</xex> to the introductory

clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not

conditional.</note>



<hw>Ap"o*dous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>(#), <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apodal; apod.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*pod`y*te"ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to strip one's self.]</ety>

<fld>(Anc. Arch.)</fld> <def>The apartment at the entrance of the

baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing

room.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*ga"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ far

from the earth.]</ety> <def>Apogean.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*gam"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

apogamy.</def>



<hw>A*pog"a*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or

o\'94spore.</def>



<au>De Bary.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*ge"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Apogean.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*ge"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Connected

with the apogee; <as>as, <ex>apogean</ex> (neap) tides, which

occur when the moon has passed her apogee</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*gee</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ from

the earth; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, earth: cf. F.

<ets>apog\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest

distance from the earth.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the

center of the system, this name was given to that point in the

orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the

greatest distance from the earth.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: The farthest or highest point;

culmination.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ earth + <?/ turning.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bending away from the ground; -- said of

leaves, etc.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ from + <?/ to write: cf. F. <ets>apographe</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A copy or transcript.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*hy"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>apo-</ets> + the Gr. letter Y.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid

bone.</def>



<hw>A*poise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>poise</ets>.]</ety> <def>Balanced.</def>



<hw>A*po"lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to

certain nerve cells.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*laus"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to enjoy.]</ety> <def>Devoted to enjoyment.</def>



<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Apollinaris</ets>, fr. <ets>Apollo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rom.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>In honor of Apollo; <as>as, the

<ex>Apollinarian</ex> games</as>.</def>



<hw>A*pol`li*na"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea

in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of

Christ.</def>



<hw>A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>An

effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It

is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.</def>



<hw>A*pol"lo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Apollo</ets>, <ets>-linis</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Classic Myth.)</fld> <def>A deity among the Greeks and

Romans. He was the god of light and day (the \'bdsun god\'b8), of

archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was

represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called

also <altname>Ph\'82bus</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>The Apollo Belvedere</col>, <cd>a celebrated statue of

Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome,

esteemed of the noblest representations of the human

frame.</cd></cs>



<mhw><hw>Ap`ol*lo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`ol*lon"ic</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.</def>



<hw>A*pol"ly*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

destroying, fr. <?/, <?/, to destroy utterly; <?/ from, entirely

+ <?/ to destroy.]</ety> <def>The Destroyer; -- a name used

<au>(Rev. ix. 11)</au> for the angel of the bottomless pit,

answering to the Hebrew <xex>Abaddon</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*pol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A teller of

apologues.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*pol`o*get"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to speak in defense of; <?/ from + <?/

speech, <?/ to say, to speak. See <er>Logic</er>.]</ety>

<def>Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense,

or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; <as>as, an

<ex>apologetic</ex> essay</as>.</def> \'bdTo speak in a subdued

and <xex>apologetic</xex> tone.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

apology.</def>



<hw>A*pol`o*get"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets

forth the evidence of their divine authority.</def>



<hw>A*pol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>apologiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who makes an apology; one

who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an

institution; especially, one who argues in defense of

Christianity.</def>



<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Apologized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Apologizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>apologiser</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an apology

or defense.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make an apology or excuse; to make

acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of

regret for it, by way of amends; -- with <xex>for</xex>;

<xex>as</xex>, my correspondent <xex>apologized</xex> for not

answering my letter.</def>



<q>To <qex>apologize</qex> for his insolent language.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>A*pol"o*gize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To defend.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Christians . . . were <qex>apologized</qex> by Plinie.</q>

<qau>Dr. G. Benson.</qau>



<hw>A*pol"o*gi`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes an apology; an apologist.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*logue</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apologous</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/ speech, <?/ to

speak: cf. F. <ets>apologue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A story or

relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral

truth; a moral fable.</def>



<note><hand/ An <xex>apologue</xex> differs from a

<xex>parable</xex> in this;: the parable is drawn from events

which take place among mankind, and therefore requires

probability in the narrative; the <xex>apologue</xex> is founded

on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore

is not limited by strict rules of probability. \'92sop's fables

are good examples of <xex>apologues</xex>.</note>



<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <pr><pr>(#)</pr></pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Apologies</plw> . <ety>[L. <ets>apologia</ets>, Gr.

<?/; <?/ from + <?/: cf. F. <ets>apologie</ets>. See

<er>Apologetic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something said or

written in defense or justification of what appears to others

wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification;

<as>as, Tertullian's <ex>Apology</ex> for

Christianity</as>.</def>



<q>It is not my intention to make an <qex>apology</qex> for my

poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive

none.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for

some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another

of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression

of regret.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything provided as a substitute; a

makeshift.</def>



<q>He goes to work devising <qex>apologies</qex> for window

curtains.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Excuse</er>.</syn> <usage> An

<xex>apology</xex>, in the original sense of the word, was a

<xex>pleading off</xex> from some charge or imputation, by

explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It

therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an

<xex>apology</xex>, admits himself to have been, at least

apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating

circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of

reparation. We make an <xex>apology</xex> for some breach of

propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct,

etc.)</plu>, or some deficiency in what might be reasonably

expected. We offer an <xex>excuse</xex> when we have been guilty

of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of

extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an

<xex>excuse</xex> has been accepted, <xex>an apology</xex> may

still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. \'bdAn

<xex>excuse</xex> is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but

is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral

circumstance. An <xex>apology</xex> mostly respects the conduct

of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act

produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion

of others.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>A*pol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To offer

an apology.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For which he can not well <qex>apology</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Webster.</qau>



<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument for

measuring the height of objects.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*me*com"e*try</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ length + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ap`o*mor"phi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`o*mor"phine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>apo-</ets> + <ets>morphia</ets>,

<ets>morphine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystalline

alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`o*neu*ro"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Aponeuroses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ to pass into a tendon; <?/ from + <?/ to strain the

sinews, <?/ sinew, tendon, nerve.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci\'91

which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of,

many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat

and thin. See <er>Fascia</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aponeurosis</ets> + Gr. <?/ a cutting.]</ety>

<def>Dissection of aponeuroses.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*pemp"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ to send off or away; <?/ from + <?/ to send.]</ety>

<def>Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; <as>as,

<ex>apoplectic</ex> songs or hymns</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*poph"a*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ denial, fr. <?/ to speak out, to deny.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a speaker formally

declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a

manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark

Antony's oration. <au>Shak., Julius C\'91sar, iii. 2.</au>]</def>



<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ from + <?/ full of phlegm. See

<er>Phlegmatic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Designed to

facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or

nostrils.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An apohlegmatic

medicine.</def></def2>



<hw>Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

Galen.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of

apophlegmatics.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An apophlegmatic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap`oph*thegm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Apothegm</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Same as <er>Apothegmatic</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*poph"y*ge</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into

its base or capital, fr. <?/ to <?/<?/ee away; <?/ from + <?/ to

flee: cf. F. <ets>apophyge</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the

shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the

fillet; -- called also the <altname>scape</altname>.</def>



<au>Parker.</au>



<hw>A*poph"yl*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>apo-</ets> + Gr. <?/ leaf; so called from its foliated

structure or easy cleavage.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square

prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface.

It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*poph"y*sis</hw> <pr><pr>(#)</pr></pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>-ses</plw>.</plu> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ offshoot,

process of a bone, fr. <?/ to grow from; <?/ from + <?/, <?/, to

grow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A marked

prominence or process on any part of a bone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An enlargement at the top of a

pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>(#)

<hw>Ap`o*plec"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>apoplecticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>apoplectique</ets>. See <er>Apoplexy</er>.]</ety>

<def>Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or

symptomatic of, apoplexy; <as>as, an <ex>apoplectic</ex> person,

medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or

stroke</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*plec"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One liable to, or

affected with, apoplexy.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ap`o*plec"ti*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`o*plec"toid</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Apoplectic</ets> + -<ets>form</ets>,

-<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Resembling apoplexy.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*plex</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*plexed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Affected with

apoplexy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 70  -->



<hw>Ap"o*plex`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>poplexye</ets>, LL. <ets>poplexia</ets>,

<ets>apoplexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cripple by a

stroke; <?/ from + <?/ to strike: cf. F. <ets>apoplexie</ets>.

See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Sudden

diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary

motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is now usually limited to <xex>cerebral

apoplexy</xex>, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood

or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is

sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the

substance of any organ; as, <xex>apoplexy</xex> of the

lung.</note>



<hw>Ap`o*ret"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety> <def>Doubting; skeptical.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*po"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aporias</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., doubt, Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ without passage, at a loss; <?/ priv. + <?/

passage.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure in which the

speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to

begin to end, what to say, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`o*ro"sa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Aporia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of corals in which the coral

is not porous; -- opposed to <spn>Perforata</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*rose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without pores.</def>



<hw>A*port"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>port</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the

helm.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, from <?/ to be quite silent.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech in which the speaker

breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was

in his mind; <as>as, \'bdI declare to you that his conduct -- but

I can not speak of <ex>that</ex>, here</as>.\'b8</def>



<hw>Ap`o*sit"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ from + <?/

food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Destroying the appetite, or

suspending hunger.</def>



<hw>A*pos"ta*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apostasies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>apostasie</ets>, F. <ets>apostasie</ets>, L.

<ets>apostasia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a standing off from, a

defection, fr. <?/ to stand off, revolt; <?/ from + <?/ to stand.

See <er>Off</er> and <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>An abandonment

of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of

departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the

renunciation of a religious faith; <as>as, Julian's

<ex>apostasy</ex> from Christianity</as>.</def>



<hw>A*pos"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostata</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/. See

<er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who has forsaken

the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered;

esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a

renegade.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>One who, after having

received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.</def>



<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or

characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance;

renegade.</def>



<q>So spake the <qex>apostate</qex> angel.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A wretched and <qex>apostate</qex> state.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<hw>A*pos"tate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostatare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To apostatize.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We are not of them which <qex>apostate</qex> from Christ.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Apostatical.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap`o*stat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Apostate.</def>



<q>An heretical and <qex>apostatical</qex> church.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>A*pos"ta*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Apostatized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Apostatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL.

<ets>apostatizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To renounce totally a

religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the

faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has

previously adhered.</def>



<q>He <qex>apostatized</qex> from his old faith in facts, took to

believing in <?/emblances.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>A*pos"te*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aposteme</er>.]</ety> <def>To form an abscess; to swell and

fill with pus.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>A*pos`te*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>apostematio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>apost\'82mation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The formation of an aposteme; the process

of suppuration.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly

<asp>imposthumation</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Ap`os*tem"a*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an

aposteme.</def>



<hw>Ap"os*teme</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostema</ets>, Gr. <?/ the separation of corrupt matter

into an ulcer, fr. <?/ to stand off: cf. F.

<ets>apost\'8ame</ets>. See <er>Apostasy</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abscess; a swelling filled with

purulent matter.</def> <altsp>[Written corruptly

<asp>imposthume</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8A` pos*te`ri*o"ri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L.

<ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>posterior</ets>

latter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing

that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the

observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at

principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This

is the reverse of <xex>a priori</xex> reasoning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge which

is based upon or derived from facts through induction or

experiment; inductive or empirical.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*pos"til</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*pos"tille</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apostille</ets>. See <er>Postil</er>.]</ety> <def>A marginal

note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.</def>



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>A*pos"tle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostel</ets>, <ets>postle</ets>, AS.

<ets>apostol</ets>, L. <ets>apostolus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/

messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. <?/ to send off or away;

<?/ from + <?/ to send; akin to G. <ets>stellen</ets> to set, E.

<ets>stall</ets>: cf. F. <ets>ap\'93tre</ets>, Of.

<ets>apostre</ets>, <ets>apostle</ets>, <ets>apostele</ets>,

<ets>apostole</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Literally: One sent

forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of

Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and

sent forth to preach the gospel.</def>



<q>He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve,

whom also he named <qex>apostles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke vi. 13.</qau>



<note><hand/ The title of <xex>apostle</xex> is also applied to

others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were

equal with them in office and dignity; as, \'bdPaul, called to be

an <xex>apostle</xex> of Jesus Christ.\'b8 <au>1 Cor. i. 1</au>. 

In <au>Heb. iii. 1</au>, the name is given to Christ himself, as

having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the

primitive church, other ministers were called <xex>apostles</xex>

<au>(Rom. xvi. 7)</au>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The missionary who first plants the Christian

faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great

moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who

has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; <as>as,

Dionysius of Corinth is called the <ex>apostle</ex> of France,

John Eliot the <ex>apostle</ex> to the Indians, Theobald Mathew

the <ex>apostle</ex> of temperance</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Civ. & Admiralty Law)</fld> <def>A brief letter

dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court,

stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the

admiralty courts.</def>



<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>



<cs><col>Apostles' creed</col>, <cd>a creed of unknown origin,

which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates

back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that

it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth

century.</cd> -- <col>Apostle spoon</col> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld>,

<cd>a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure

of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as

a present to the godchild.</cd></cs>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>A*pos"tle*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or dignity of an apostle.</def>



<hw>A*pos"to*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostolatus</ets>, fr. <ets>apostolus</ets>. See

<er>Apostle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The dignity, office, or

mission, of an apostle; apostleship.</def>



<q>Judas had miscarried and lost his <qex>apostolate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder

of the apostolic see.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>apostolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>apostolique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to an

apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar

spirit; <as>as, an <ex>apostolical</ex> mission; the

<ex>apostolic</ex> age.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to the doctrines of the apostles;

delivered or taught by the apostles; <as>as, <ex>apostolic</ex>

faith or practice</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy;

papal.</def>



<cs><col>Apostolical brief</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Brief</er>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic canons</col>, <cd>a

collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of

Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of

the church in the second and third centuries.</cd> --

<col>Apostolic church</col>, <cd>the Christian church; -- so

called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and

order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem

were called <xex>apostolic churches<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic

constitutions</col>, <cd>directions of a nature similar to the

<xex>apostolic canons<xex>, and perhaps compiled by the same

authors or author.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic fathers</col>,

<cd>early Christian writers, who were born in the first century,

and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp,

Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes

been added.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apostolic king</col> (or

<col>majesty</col>)</mcol>, <cd>a title granted by the pope to

the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of

Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is

now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of

Hungary.</cd> -- <col>Apostolic see</col>, <cd>a see founded and

governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so

called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the

successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only

apostle who has successors in the apostolic office.</cd> --

<col>Apostolical succession</col>, <cd>the regular and

uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a

succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent

period.</cd>  <au>Hook.</au></cs>



<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apostolicus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A

member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times

professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.</def>



<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an apostolic

manner.</def>



<hw>Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Apostolicity.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`os*tol"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*pos`to*lic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The state or quality of being apostolical.</def>



<hw>A*pos"tro*phe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[(1) L.,

fr. Gr. <?/ a turning away, fr. <?/ to turn away; <?/ from + <?/

to turn. (2) F., fr. L. <ets>apostrophus</ets> apostrophe, the

turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure of speech by which the orator or

writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his

discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or

thing, absent or present; <as>as, Milton's <ex>apostrophe</ex> to

Light at the beginning of the third book of \'bdParadise

Lost</as>.\'b8</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The contraction of a word by

the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by

the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have

been; <as>as, <ex>call'd</ex> for <ex>called</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The mark ['] used to denote that a word is

contracted (as in <xex>ne'er</xex> for never, <xex>can't</xex>

for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural;

<as>as, a boy's hat, boys' hats</as>. In the latter use it

originally marked the omission of the letter <xex>e</xex>.</def>



<note>The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and

letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark

the close of a quotation.</note>



<hw>Ap`os*troph"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or

rhetorical.</def>



<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<ety>[<pos>imp.</pos> & <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Apostrophized</er>

(#); <pos>p. pr.</pos> & <pos>vb.</pos> <pos>n.</pos>

<er>Apostrophizing</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To address by

apostrophe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contract by omitting a letter or letters;

also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.</def>



<hw>A*pos"tro*phize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use the

rhetorical figure called <xex>apostrophe</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ap"os*tume</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aposteme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap`o*tac"tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. pl.

<ets>apotactitae</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ set apart; <?/ from +

<?/ to arrange, ordain.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One

of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of

the first believers, renounced all their possessions.</def>



<hw>A*pot"e*lesm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Apotelesmatic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The result or

issue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The calculation and

explanation of a nativity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. <?/ to

complete; <?/ from + <?/ to end, <?/ end.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Relating to the casting of horoscopes.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to an issue of fulfillment.</def>



<q>In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather

comprise, an <qex>apotelesmatic</qex> sense, <qex>i. e.</qex>,

one of after or final accomplishment.</q>

<qau>M. Stuart.</qau>



<hw>A*poth"e*ca*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apothecaries</plw></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>apotecarie</ets>,

fr. LL. <ets>apothecarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>apotheca</ets>

storehouse, Gr. <grk>apo</grk>, fr. <?/ to put away; <?/ from +

<?/ to put: cf. F. <ets>apothicaire</ets>, OF.

<ets>apotecaire</ets>. See <er>Thesis</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal

purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ In England an apothecary is one of a privileged

class of practitioners -- a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon

apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who

sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in

England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chemist.</note>



<cs><col>Apothecaries' weight</col>, <cd>the system of weights by

which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound

and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the

manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24

scruples, 480 grains. See <er>Troy weight</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Apo`*the"ci*um</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apothecia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The ascigerous fructification of lichens,

forming masses of various shapes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap"o*thegm</hw>, <hw>Ap"oph*thegm</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ thing uttered,

apothegm, from <?/ to speak out; <?/ from + <?/ to speak.]</ety>

<def>A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark,

conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or

maxim.</def> <note>[<xex>Apothegm</xex> is now the prevalent

spelling in the United States.]</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an

apotghem; sententious; pithy.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

collector or maker of apothegms.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*theg"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.</def>



<hw>Ap"o*them</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<?/ that which is placed, <?/ to place.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The perpendicular from the center to one

of the sides of a regular polygon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a

vegetable substance by exposure to the air.</def>



<hw>Ap`o*the"o*sis</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<plw>Apotheoses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to deify; <?/ from + <?/ to deify, <?/ a god.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of,

and placing him among, \'bdthe gods;\'b8 deification.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Glorification; exaltation.</def>   \'bdThe

<xex>apotheosis</xex> of chivalry.\'b8 <au>Prescott</au>. \'bdThe

noisy <xex>apotheosis</xex> of liberty and machinery.\'b8 <au>F.

Harrison</au>.



<hw>Ap`o*the"o*size</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to

deify; to glorify.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*poth"e*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ a putting back or away, fr. <?/. See

<er>Apothecary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive

churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments,

etc.</def> <au>Weale</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A dressing room

connected with a public bath.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*pot"o*me</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a cutting off, fr. <?/ to cut off; <?/ from + <?/ to cut.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The difference between two

quantities commensurable only in power, as between <root/2 and 1,

or between the diagonal and side of a square.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus)</fld> <def>The remaining part of a whole

tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major

semitone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap"o*zem</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apozema</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to extract by boiling; <?/

from + <?/ boil.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A decoction or

infusion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Ap`o*zem"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Whitaker.</au>



<hw>Ap*pair"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>empeirier</ets>, F. <ets>empire</ets>. See

<er>Impair</er>.]</ety> <def>To impair; to grow worse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap`pa*la"chi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly

called the <xex>Allegheny</xex> mountains.</def>



<note><hand/ The name <xex>Appalachian</xex> was given to the

mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the

heighboring Indians.</note>



<au>Am. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ap*pall"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appalled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>appalir</ets> to

grow pale, make pale; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>p\'83lir</ets> to grow pale, to make pale,

<ets>p\'83le</ets> pale. See Pale, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Pall</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make pale; to

blanch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . 

Hath so <qex>appalled</qex> my countenance.</q>

<qau>Wyatt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; <as>as, an

old <ex>appalled</ex> wight</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it

will lose the strength, and become <qex>appalled</qex> in

extremity of cold.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To depress or discourage with fear; to impress

with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its

firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay;

<as>as, the sight <ex>appalled</ex> the stoutest

heart</as>.</def>



<q>The house of peers was somewhat <qex>appalled</qex> at this

alarum.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright;

scare; depress. See <er>Dismay</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To grow

faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lose flavor or become stale.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pall"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Terror; dismay.</def>

<mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ap*pall"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as to appall;

<as>as, an <ex>appalling</ex> accident</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*pall"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pall"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Depression

occasioned by terror; dismay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ap"pa*nage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apanage</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>apaner</ets> to nourish,

support, fr. LL. <ets>apanare</ets> to furnish with bread, to

provision; L. <ets>ad + pains</ets> bread.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the

subsistence of his younger sons.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dependency; a dependent territory.</def>



<-- p. 71  -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which belongs to one by custom or right; a

natural adjunct or accompaniment.</def> \'bdWealth . . . the

<xex>appanage</xex> of wit.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Ap*pan"a*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apanagiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince to whom an appanage

has been granted.</def>



<hw>Ap*par"ail*lyng</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Apparel</er>, <pos>n.</pos> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Preparation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ap"pa*ratus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apparatus</plw>, also rarely <plw>Apparatuses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., from <ets>apparare</ets>,

<ets>apparatum</ets>, to prepare; <ets>ad</ets> +

<ets>prepare</ets> to make ready.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Things

provided as means to some end.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A full collection or set of implements,

or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any

complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a

specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A collection of organs all

of which unite in a common function; <as>as, the respiratory

<ex>apparatus</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*par"el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>apparel</ets>, <ets>apareil</ets>, OF. <ets>apareil</ets>,

<ets>appareil</ets>, preparation, provision, furniture, OF.

<ets>apareiller</ets> to match, prepare, F.

<ets>appareiller</ets>; OF. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>pareil</ets> like, similar, fr. LL. <ets>pariculus</ets>,

dim. of L. <ets>par</ets> equal. See <er>Pair</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>External clothing; vesture; garments; dress;

garb; external habiliments or array.</def>



<q>Fresh in his new <qex>apparel</qex>, proud and young.</q>

<qau>Denham.</qau>



<q>At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear

in the natural <qex>apparel</qex> of simplicity.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on

albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The furniture of a ship, as

masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb;

costume; attire; habiliments.</syn>



<hw>Ap*par"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Appareled</er>, or <er>Apparelled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Appareling</er>, or

<er>Apparelling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>apareiller</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or get

(something) ready; to prepare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit

out.</def>



<q>Ships . . . <qex>appareled</qex> to fight.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To dress or clothe; to attire.</def>



<q>They which are gorgeously <qex>appareled</qex>, and live

delicately, are in kings' courts.</q>

<qau>Luke vii. 25.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dress with external ornaments; to cover with

something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; <as>as, trees

<ex>appareled</ex> with flowers, or a garden with

verdure</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Appareled</qex> in celestial light.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Ap*par"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aparence</ets>.]</ety> <def>Appearance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ap*par"en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apparentness; state of being apparent.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The position of being heir apparent.</def>



<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apparent</ets>, L. <ets>apparens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>,

p. pr. of <ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to

view; visible to the eye; within sight or view.</def>



<q>The moon . . . <qex>apparent</qex> queen.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain;

evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.</def>



<q>It is <qex>apparent</qex> foul play.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished

from, but not necessarily opposed to, <xex>true</xex> or

<xex>real</xex>); seeming; as the <xex>apparent</xex> motion or

diameter of the sun.</def>



<q>To live on terms of civility, and even of <qex>apparent</qex>

friendship.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers

called <qex>apparent</qex> magnitude.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<cs><col>Apparent horizon</col>, <cd>the circle which in a level

plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of

the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the

<xex>rational<xex> horizon.</cd> -- <col>Apparent time</col>.

<cd>See <er>Time</er>.</cd> -- <col>Heir apparent</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one whose to an estate is indefeasible if

he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from <xex>presumptive

heir<xex>. See <er>Presumptive</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain;

evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.</syn>



<hw>Ap*par"ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An heir apparent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I'll draw it [the sword] as <qex>apparent</qex> to the

crown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ap*par"ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Visibly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hobbes.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.</def>



<q>If he should scorn me so <qex>apparently</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Seemingly; in appearance; <as>as, a man may be

<ex>apparently</ex> friendly, yet malicious in heart</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*par"ent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Plainness to the eye

or the mind; visibleness; obviousness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apparition</ets>, L. <ets>apparitio</ets>, fr.

<ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>The sudden <qex>apparition</qex> of the Spaniards.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>The <qex>apparition</qex> of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much

speculation in that portion of the world.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing appearing; a visible object; a

form.</def>



<q>Which <qex>apparition</qex>, it seems, was you.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural

appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom.</def> \'bdThe heavenly

bands . . . a glorious <xex>apparition</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>I think it is the weakness of mine eyes</q>



<q>That shapes this monstrous <qex>apparition</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The first appearance of a

star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured;

-- opposed to <xex>occultation</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Circle of perpetual apparition</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Circle</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap`pa*ri"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions;

spectral.</def> \'bdAn <xex>apparitional</xex> soul.\'b8



<au>Tylor.</au>



<hw>Ap*par"i*tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to

execute their orders.</def>



<q>Before any of his <qex>apparitors</qex> could execute the

sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner

<qex>apparitor</qex> to the other world.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A messenger or officer who

serves the process of an ecclesiastical court.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ap`pau`m\'82"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appaum\'82</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (l. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>paume</ets> the palm, fr. L. <ets>palma</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A hand open and extended so as to show the

palm.</def>



<hw>Ap*pay"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>appayer</ets>, <ets>apaier</ets>, LL. <ets>appacare</ets>,

<ets>appagare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + pacare</ets> to pacify,

<ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>, peace. See <er>Pay</er>,

<er>Appease</er>.]</ety> <def>To pay; to satisfy or

appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Ap*peach"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>apechen</ets>, for <ets>empechen</ets>, OF.

<ets>empeechier</ets>, F. <ets>emp\'88cher</ets>, to hinder. See

<er>Impeach</er>.]</ety> <def>To impeach; to accuse; to asperse;

to inform against; to reproach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And oft of error did himself <qex>appeach</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ap*peach"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An accuser.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Ap*peach"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Accusation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*peal"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appealed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appealing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>appelen</ets>,

<ets>apelen</ets>, to appeal, accuse, OF. <ets>appeler</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>appellare</ets> to approach, address, invoke, summon,

call, name; akin to <ets>appellere</ets> to drive to; <ets>ad +

pellere</ets> to drive. See <er>Pulse</er>, and cf.

<er>Peal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an

inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review

on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below.

We say, the cause <xex>was appealed</xex> from an inferior

court.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To charge with a crime; to accuse;

to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some

heinous crime; <as>as, to <ex>appeal</ex> a person of

felony</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To summon; to challenge.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Man to man will I <qex>appeal</qex> the Norman to the

lists.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To invoke.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a

superior judge or court for the purpose of re\'89xamination of

for decision.</def>



<au>Tomlins.</au>



<q>I <qex>appeal</qex> unto C\'91sar.</q>

<qau>Acts xxv. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call upon another to decide a question

controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's

rights, etc.; <as>as, I <ex>appeal</ex> to all mankind for the

truth of what is alleged</as>. Hence: To call on one for aid; to

make earnest request.</def>



<q>I <qex>appeal</qex> to the Scriptures in the original.</q>

<qau>Horsley.</qau>



<q>They <qex>appealed</qex> to the sword.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ap*peal"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>appel</ets>,

<ets>apel</ets>, OF. <ets>apel</ets>, F. <ets>appel</ets>, fr.

<ets>appeler</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An application for

the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior

judge or court for re\'89xamination or review.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The mode of proceeding by which such removal is

effected.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The right of appeal.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>An accusation; a process which formerly might

be instituted by one private person against another for some

heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury

suffered, rather than for the offense against the public.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>An accusation of a felon at common law by one

of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an

<xex>approver</xex>. See <er>Approvement</er>.</def>



<au>Tomlins.</au>  <au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A summons to answer to a charge.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A call upon a person or an authority for proof

or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a

call for help or a favor; entreaty.</def>



<q>A kind of <qex>appeal</qex> to the Deity, the author of

wonders.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Resort to physical means; recourse.</def>



<q>Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an

<qex>appeal</qex> to arms.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<hw>Ap*peal"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a

higher tribunal for decision; <as>as, the cause is

<ex>appealable</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That may be accused or called to answer by

appeal; <as>as, a criminal is <ex>appealable</ex> for

manslaughter</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*peal"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

appellant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ap*peal"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes an appeal.</def>



<hw>Ap*peal"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That appeals; imploring.

-- <wordforms><wf>Ap*peal"*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ap*peal"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appeared</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apperen</ets>,

<ets>aperen</ets>, OF. <ets>aparoir</ets>, F.

<ets>apparoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appar<?/re</ets> to appear +

<ets>par<?/re</ets>to come forth, to be visible; prob. from the

same root as <ets>par<?/re</ets> to produce. Cf.

<er>Apparent</er>, <er>Parent</er>, <er>Peer</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come or be in sight; to be in

view; to become visible.</def>



<q>And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land

<qex>appear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. i. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come before the public; <as>as, a great

writer <ex>appeared</ex> at that time</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stand in presence of some authority,

tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause,

or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before

a court, or as a person to be tried.</def>



<q>We must all <qex>appear</qex> before the judgment seat.</q>

<qau>\'b5 Cor. v. 10.</qau>



<q>One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to

<qex>appear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To become visible to the apprehension of the

mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension,

or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.</def>



<q>It doth not yet <qex>appear</qex> what we shall be.</q>

<qau>1 John iii. 2.</qau>



<q>Of their vain contest <qex>appeared</qex> no end.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To seem; to have a certain semblance; to

look.</def>



<q>They disfigure their faces, that they may <qex>appear</qex>

unto men to fast.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 16.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To seem; look. See <er>Seem</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pear"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Appearance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>Ap*pear"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apparence</ets>, L. <ets>apparentia</ets>, fr.

<ets>apparere</ets>. See <er>Appear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of

becoming visible to the eye; <as>as, his sudden

<ex>appearance</ex> surprised me</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an

apparition; <as>as, an <ex>appearance</ex> in the sky</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Personal presence; exhibition of the person;

look; aspect; mien.</def>



<q>And now am come to see . . . 

It thy <qex>appearance</qex> answer loud report.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show.

<pluf>pl.</pluf> Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make

a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the

character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; <as>as,

<ex>appearances</ex> are against him</as>.</def>



<q> There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the

<qex>appearance</qex> of fire.</q>

<qau>Num. ix. 15.</qau>



<q>For man looketh on the outward <qex>appearance</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xvi. 7.</qau>



<q>Judge not according to the <qex>appearance</qex>.</q>

<qau>John. vii. 24.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act of appearing in a particular place, or

in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the

public in a particular character; <as>as, a person makes his

<ex>appearance</ex> as an historian, an artist, or an

orator</as>.</def>



<q>Will he now retire,

After <qex>appearance</qex>, and again prolong

Our expectation?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Probability; likelihood.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is that which hath no <qex>appearance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The coming into court of either

of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court

of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his

attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to

that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded

against places himself before the court, and submits to its

jurisdiction.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>  <au>Bouvier</au>. <au>Daniell.</au>



<cs><col>To put in an appearance</col>, <cd>to be present; to

appear in person.</cd> -- <col>To save appearances</col>, <cd>to

preserve a fair outward show.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air;

look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pear"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

appears.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ap*pear"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Apparently.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ap*peas"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being appeased or pacified; placable.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*peas"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pease"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appealed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appeasing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>apesen</ets>,

<ets>apaisen</ets>, OF. <ets>apaisier</ets>,

<ets>apaissier</ets>, F. <ets>apaiser</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>pais</ets> peace, F. <ets>paix</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>pax</ets>, <ets>pacis</ets>. See

<er>Peace</er>.]</ety> <def>To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to

a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or

hatred); <as>as, to <ex>appease</ex> the tumult of the ocean, or

of the passions; to <ex>appease</ex> hunger or thirst.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage;

compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pease"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification.</def>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<hw>Ap*peas"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

appeases; a pacifier.</def>



<hw>Ap*pea"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

appease.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Appealable.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"lan*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Capability of appeal.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appellans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appellare</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>appelant</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <def>Relating to

an appeal; appellate.</def> \'bdAn <xex>appellant</xex>

jurisdiction.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<cs><col>Party appellant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the party

who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to <xex>respondent<xex>, or

<xex>appellee<xex>.</cd></cs>



<au>Tomlins.</au>



<hw>Ap*pel"lant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who accuses another of felony or

treason.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who

appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher

tribunal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A challenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who appealed to a

general council against the bull Unigenitus.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who appeals or entreats.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appelatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals.</def> 

\'bd<xex>Appellate</xex> jurisdiction.\'b8 <au>Blackstone</au>.

\'bd<xex>Appellate</xex> judges.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<cs><col>Appelate court</col>, <cd>a court having cognizance of

appeals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap*pel"late</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person or prosecuted

for a crime. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Appellee</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap`pel*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appellatio</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>appellation</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of appealing; appeal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of calling by a name.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The word by which a particular person or thing

is called and known; name; title; designation.</def>



<q>They must institute some persons under the

<qex>appellation</qex> of magistrates.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Name</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appellativus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>appelatif</ets>. See <er>Appeal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive

denomination; denominative; naming.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(gram.)</fld> <def>Common, as opposed to

<xex>proper</xex>; denominative of a class.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appelativum</ets>, sc. <ets>nomen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common

name, or <xex>appellative</xex>, stands for a whole class, genus,

or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus,

<xex>tree</xex> is the name of all plants of a particular class;

<xex>plant</xex> and <xex>vegetable</xex> are names of things

that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand,

stands for a single thing; <as>as, <ex>Rome</ex>,

<ex>Washington</ex>, <ex>Lake Erie</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An appellation or title; a descriptive

name.</def>



<q>God chosen it for one of his <qex>appellatives</qex> to be the

Defender of them.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>After the manner

of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or

species; <as>as, Hercules is sometimes used

<ex>appellatively</ex>, that is, as a common name, to signify a

strong man</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being appellative.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ap*pel"la*tory</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appellatorius</ets>, fr. <ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing an appeal.</def>



<q>An <qex>appellatory</qex> libel ought to contain the name of

the party appellant.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<hw>Ap`pel*lee"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appel\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appeler</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to

<contr>appellant</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The person who

is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to

<contr>appellor</contr>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<-- p. 72  -->



<hw>Ap`pel*lor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>apeleur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appellator</ets>, fr.

<ets>appellare</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another

for a crime.</def> <au>Blackstone</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who

confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.</def>



<au>Blount. Burrill.</au>



<note><hand/ This word is rarely or never used for the plaintiff

in appeal from a lower court, who is called the

<xex>appellant</xex>.  <xex>Appellee</xex> is opposed both to

<xex>appellant</xex> and <xex>appellor</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ap"pen*age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Appanage</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap*pend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Appending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>appendere</ets> or F. <ets>appendre</ets>: cf. OE.

<ets>appenden</ets>, <ets>apenden</ets>, to belong, OF.

<ets>apendre</ets>, F. <ets>appendre</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang to,

<ets>append<?/re</ets>, v. t., to hang to; <ets>ad +

pend<?/re</ets>, v. i., to hang, <ets>pend<?/re</ets>, v. t., to

hang. See <er>Pendant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hang or

attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended;

<as>as, a seal <ex>appended</ex> to a record; the inscription was

<ex>appended</ex> to the column.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To add, as an accessory to the principal thing;

to annex; <as>as, notes <ex>appended</ex> to this

chapter</as>.</def>



<q>A further purpose <qex>appended</qex> to the primary one.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pend"age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something

appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing,

though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.</def>



<q>Modesty is the <qex>appendage</qex> of sobriety.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A subordinate or subsidiary

part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the

articulates.</def>



<q>Antenn\'91 and other <qex>appendages</qex> used for

feeling.</q>

<qau>Carpenter.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pend"aged</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with, or

supplemented by, an appendage.</def>



<hw>Ap*pend"ance</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Something appendant.</def>



<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appendre</ets>. See

<er>Append</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; <as>as, a seal

<ex>appendant</ex> to a paper</as>.</def>



<q>As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but

reasonable we should suffer the <qex>appendant</qex>

calamity.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Appended by prescription, that

is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing

of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior

or more worthy; <as>as, an advowson, common, etc.</as> , which

may be <xex>appendant</xex> to a manor, common of fishing to a

freehold, a seat in church to a house.</def>



<au>Wharton. Coke.</au>



<hw>Ap*pend"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything

attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A inheritance annexed by

prescription to a superior inheritance.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap*pend"ence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ap*pend"en*cy</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

appendant; appendance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pend"i*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

like an appendix.</def>



<hw>Ap*pend"i*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

append.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pend`i*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

appendage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pend`i*ci"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the vermiform

appendix.</def>



<hw>Ap*pend"i*cle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appendicula</ets>, dim. of. <ets>appendix</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A small appendage.</def>



<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small

free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and

remarkable for resemblances to the larv\'91 of other Tunicata. It

is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of annelids;

the Polych<ae/ta.</def>



<hw>Ap`pen*dic"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Appendicle</er>.]</ety> <def>Having small appendages; forming

an appendage.</def>



<cs><col>Appendiculate leaf</col>, <cd>a small appended

leaf.</cd></cs>



<au>Withering.</au>



<hw>Ap*pen"dix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Appendixes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Appendices</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>(#). <ety>[L. <ets>appendix</ets>, -<ets>dicis</ets>,

fr. <ets>appendere</ets>. See <er>Append</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or

concomitant.</def>



<q>Normandy became an <qex>appendix</qex> to England.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any literary matter added to a book, but not

necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished

from <xex>supplement</xex>, which is intended to supply

deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Supplement</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*pen"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

appending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap`per*ceive"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apercevoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + percipere</ets>,

<ets>perceptum</ets>, to perceive. See <er>Perceive</er>.]</ety>

<def>To perceive; to comprehend.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ap`per*cep"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>perception</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>apperception</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The

mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own

states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes,

intensified or energetic perception.</def>



<au>Leibnitz. Reid.</au>



<q>This feeling has been called by philosophers the

<qex>apperception</qex> or consciousness of our own

existence.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Ap*per"il</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Peril.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ap`per*tain"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appertained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>apperteinen</ets>, <ets>apertenen</ets>, OF.

<ets>apartenir</ets>, F. <ets>appartenir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>appertinere</ets>; <ets>ad + pertinere</ets> to reach to,

belong. See <er>Pertain</er>.]</ety> <def>To belong or pertain,

whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to

relate.</def>



<q>Things <qex>appertaining</qex> to this life.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>Give it unto him to whom it <qex>appertaineth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lev. vi. 5.</qau>



<hw>Ap`per*tain"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which

appertains to a person; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap*per"ti*nance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap*per"ti*nence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Appurtenance</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Belonging; appertaining.</def> <altsp>[Now usually written

<asp>appurtenant</asp>.]</altsp>



<au> Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ap*per"ti*nent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which belongs to

something else; an appurtenant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ap*pete"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82ter</ets>. See

<er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <def>To seek for; to desire.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*tence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>app\'82tence</ets>. See <er>Appetency</er>.]</ety> <def>A

longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite;

appetency.</def>



<hw>Ap"pe*ten*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Appetencies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>appetentia</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after,

long for. See <er>Appetite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fixed

and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager

appetite.</def>



<q>They had a strong <qex>appetency</qex> for reading.</q>

<qau>Merivale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: An instinctive inclination or

propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young

to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the

tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of

its organism.</def>



<q>These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or

<qex>appetency</qex> the absorb such part of the fluid as is

agreeable to their palate.</q>

<qau>E. Darwin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used

of inanimate objects.</def>



<hw>Ap"pe*tent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appetens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appetere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Desiring; eagerly desirous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Appetent</qex> after glory and renown.</q>

<qau>Sir G. Buck.</qau>



<hw>Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>app\'82tibilit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>The quality of

being desirable.</def>



<au>Bramhall.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*ti*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appetibilis</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>app\'82tible</ets>.]</ety> <def>Desirable; capable or worthy

of being the object of desire.</def>



<au>Bramhall.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>appetit</ets>, F. <ets>app\'82tit</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>appetitus</ets>, fr. <ets>appetere</ets> to strive after,

long for; <ets>ad + petere</ets> to seek. See <er>Petition</er>,

and cf. <er>Appetence</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The desire

for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the

mind.</def>



<q>The object of <qex>appetite</qex> it whatsoever sensible good

may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason

does lead us to seek.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Desire for, or relish of, food or drink;

hunger.</def>



<q>Men must have <qex>appetite</qex> before they will eat.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any strong desire; an eagerness or

longing.</def>



<q>It God had given to eagles an <qex>appetite</qex> to swim.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>To gratify the vulgar <qex>appetite</qex> for the

marvelous.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tendency; appetency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In all bodies there as an <qex>appetite</qex> of union.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The thing desired.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Power being the natural <qex>appetite</qex> of princes.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<note><hand/ In old authors, <xex>appetite</xex> is followed by

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>of</xex>, but regularly it should be

followed by <xex>for</xex> before the object; as, an

<xex>appetite</xex> for pleasure.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.</syn>



<hw>Ap`pe*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appetitio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>app\'82tition</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*ti"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>app\'82titif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality of

desiring gratification; <as>as, <ex>appetitive</ex> power or

faculty</as>.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

hungry; to whet the appetite of.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

which creates or whets an appetite.</def>



<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>app\'82tissant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exciting appetite; <as>as,

<ex>appetizing</ex> food</as>.</def>



<q>The appearance of the wild ducks is very

<qex>appetizing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ap"pe*ti`zing</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to excite

appetite.</def>



<hw>Ap"pi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Appius</ets>, <ets>Appianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Appius.</def>



<cs><col>Appian Way</col>, <cd>the great paved highway from

ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi,

constructed partly by <ets>Appius<ets> Claudius, about 312 <sc>b. 

c.</sc></cd></cs>



<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Applauded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Applauding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>applaudere</ets>; <ets>ad + plaudere</ets> to clash, to clap

the hands: cf. F. <ets>applaudir</ets>. Cf.

<er>Explode</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To show approval of by

clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.</def>



<q>I would <qex>applaud</qex> thee to the very echo,

That should <qex>applaud</qex> again.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To praise by words; to express approbation of;

to commend; to approve.</def>



<q>By the gods, I do <qex>applaud</qex> his courage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve.

See <er>Praise</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*plaud"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To express approbation

loudly or significantly.</def>



<hw>Ap*plaud"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

applauds.</def>



<hw>Ap*plaus"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy

pf applause; praiseworthy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*plause"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>applaudere</ets>, <ets>app<?/ausum</ets>. See

<er>Applaud</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of applauding; approbation

and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or

tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means;

marked commendation.</def>



<q>The brave man seeks not popular <qex>applause</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation;

approval.</syn>



<hw>Ap*plau"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>applausivus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Expressing applause;

approbative.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*plau"sive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>appel</ets>, <ets>eppel</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91ppel</ets>,

<ets>\'91pl</ets>; akin to Fries. & D. <ets>appel</ets>, OHG,

<ets>aphul</ets>, <ets>aphol</ets>, G. <ets>apfel</ets>, Icel.

<ets>epli</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'84ple</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ble</ets>,

Gael. <ets>ubhall</ets>, W. <ets>afal</ets>, Arm.

<ets>aval</ets>, Lith. <ets>ob<?/lys</ets>, Russ.

<ets>iabloko</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree <spn>(Pyrus

malus)</spn> cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate

zones.</def>



<note><hand/ The European crab apple is supposed to be the

original kind, from which all others have sprung.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(bot.)</fld> <def>Any tree genus

<spn>Pyrus</spn> which has the stalk sunken into the base of the

fruit; an apple tree.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any fruit or other vegetable production

resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; <as>as,

<ex>apple</ex> of love, or love <ex>apple</ex> (a tomato), balsam

<ex>apple</ex>, egg <ex>apple</ex>, oak

<ex>apple</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything round like an apple; <as>as, an

<ex>apple</ex> of gold</as>.</def>



<note><xex>Apple</xex> is used either adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>apple</xex> paper or

<xex>apple</xex>-paper, <xex>apple</xex>-shaped, <xex>apple</xex>

blossom, <xex>apple</xex> dumpling, <xex>apple</xex>

pudding.</note>



<cs><col>Apple blight</col>, <cd>an aphid which injures apple

trees. See <er>Blight</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Apple

borer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a coleopterous insect

<spn>(Saperda candida or bivittata)</spn>, the larva of which

bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree.</cd> --

<col>Apple brandy</col>, <cd>brandy made from apples.</cd> --

<col>Apple butter</col>, <cd>a sauce made of apples stewed down

in cider.</cd> <au>Bartlett</au>. -- <col>Apple corer</col>,

<cd>an instrument for removing the cores from apples.</cd> --

<col>Apple fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>any dipterous

insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong

to the genera <spn>Drosophila</spn> and <spn>Trypeta</spn>.</cd>

-- <col>Apple midge</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>a small

dipterous insect <spn>(Sciara mali)</spn>, the larva of which

bores in apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple of the eye</col>, <cd>the

pupil.</cd> -- <col>Apple of discord</col>, <cd>a subject of

contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden

apple, inscribed \'bdFor the fairest,\'b8 which was thrown into

an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was

contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to

the latter.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Apple of love</col>, or <col>Love

apple</col></mcol>, <cd>the tomato <spn>(Lycopersicum

esculentum)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple of Peru</col>, <cd>a large

coarse herb <spn>(Nicandra physaloides)</spn> bearing pale blue

flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry.</cd> --

<col>Apples of Sodom</col>, <cd>a fruit described by ancient

writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke

and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to

the fruit of <spn>Solanum Sodom\'91um</spn>, a prickly shrub with

fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato.</cd> -- <col>Apple

sauce</col>, <cd>stewed apples.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> --

<mcol><col>Apple snail</col> or <col>Apple shell</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fresh-water, operculated, spiral

shell of the genus <spn>Ampullaria</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Apple

tart</col>, <cd>a tart containing apples.</cd> -- <col>Apple

tree</col>, <cd>a tree naturally bears apples. See <er>Apple,

2.</er></cd> -- <col>Apple wine</col>, <cd>cider.</cd> --

<col>Apple worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of a

small moth <spn>(Carpocapsa pomonella)</spn> which burrows in the

interior of apples. See <er>Codling moth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dead

Sea Apple</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <plu>pl</plu>. <cd>Apples of Sodom.

Also <xex>Fig<xex>.</cd>  \'bdTo seek the <xex>Dead Sea

apples<xex> of politics.\'b8 <au>S. B. Griffin</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See

<er>Gallnut</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap"ple</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow like

an apple; to bear apples.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Ap"ple-faced`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

round, broad face, like an apple.</def>

\'bd<xex>Apple-faced</xex> children.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Ap"ple-jack`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Apple

brandy.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Ap"ple-john`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>. <def>A kind of apple which

by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also

<altname>Johnapple</altname>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ap"ple pie`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A pie made of apples

(usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.</def>



<cs><col>Apple-pie bed</col>, <cd>a bed in which, as a joke, the

sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to

prevent any one from getting at his length between them.

<au>Halliwell</au>, <au>Conybeare</au>.</cd> -- <col>Apple-pie

order</col>, <cd>perfect order or arrangement.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Halliwell</au>.</cs>



<hw>Ap"ple-squire`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pimp;

a kept gallant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Ap*pli"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applicable; also, compliant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Ap*pli"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of applying; application; <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

subservience.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing applied or used as a means to an end;

an apparatus or device; <as>as, to use various

<ex>appliances</ex>; a mechanical <ex>appliance</ex>; a machine

with its <ex>appliances</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.</def>



<hw>Ap"pli*ca*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aplicable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See

<er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being applied; fit or

suitable to be applied; having relevance; <as>as, this

observation is <ex>applicable</ex> to the case under

consideration</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Ap"pli*ca*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap"pli*can*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being applicable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap"pli*cant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>applicans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>applicare</ets>. See

<er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>One who apples for something; one who

makes request; a petitioner.</def>



<q>The <qex>applicant</qex> for a cup of water.</q>

<qau>Plumtre.</qau>



<q>The court require the <qex>applicant</qex> to appear in

person.</q>

<qau>Z. Swift.</qau>



<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>applicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>applicare</ets>.  See

<er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Applied or put to some use.</def>



<q>Those <qex>applicate</qex> sciences which extend the power of

man over the elements.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><col>Applicate number</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one which

applied to some concrete case.</cd> -- <col>Applicate

ordinate</col>, <cd>right line applied at right angles to the

axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap"pli*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

apply.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The act of faith is <qex>applicated</qex> to the object.</q>

<qau>Bp. Pearson.</qau>



<hw>Ap`pli*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>applicatio</ets>, fr. <ets>applicare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>application</ets>. See <er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense;

<as>as, the <ex>application</ex> of emollients to a diseased

limb</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing applied.</def>



<q>He invented a new <qex>application</qex> by which blood might

be stanched.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of applying as a means; the employment

of means to accomplish an end; specific use.</def>



<q>If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not

be much need of the <qex>application</qex> of the common rewards

and punishments.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of directing or referring something to a

particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or

disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; <as>as, I make the

remark, and leave you to make the <ex>application</ex>; the

<ex>application</ex> of a theory.</as></def>



<-- p. 73  -->



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Hence, in specific uses: <sd>(a)</sd> That part

of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down

and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the \'bdmoral\'b8

of a fable. <sd>(b)</sd> The use of the principles of one science

for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; <as>as, the

<ex>application</ex> of algebra to geometry</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The capacity of being practically applied or

used; relevancy; <as>as, a rule of general

<ex>application</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The act of fixing the mind or closely applying

one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; <as>as, to injure

the health by <ex>application</ex> to study</as>.</def>



<q>Had his <qex>application</qex> been equal to his talents, his

progress night have been greater.</q>

<qau>J. Jay.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The act of making request of soliciting; <as>as,

an <ex>application</ex> for an office; he made

<ex>application</ex> to a court of chancery.</as></def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A request; a document containing a request;

<as>as, his <ex>application</ex> was placed on file</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap"pli*ca*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>applicatif</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets>. See

<er>Apply</er>.]</ety> <def>Having of being applied or used;

applying; applicatory; practical.</def>  <au>Bramhall</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

way of application.</def>



<hw>Ap"pli*ca*to*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the property

of applying; applicative; practical.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>That which applies.</def></def2>



<hw>Ap*pli"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

application.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pli"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>He who, or

that which, applies.</def>



<hw>Ap*pli"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston</au>



<hw>\'d8Ap`pli`qu\'82"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>appliquer</ets> to put on.]</ety>

<def>Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another

color or stuff) <xex>applied</xex> or transferred to a

foundation; <as>as, <ex>appliqu\'82</ex> lace;

<ex>appliqu\'82</ex> work.</as></def>



<hw>Ap*plot"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Applotted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Applotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>plot</ets>.]</ety> <def>To divide into

plots or parts; to apportion.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ap*plot"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Apportionment.</def>



<hw>Ap*ply"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Applied</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Applying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>aplier</ets>, F.

<ets>appliquer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>applicare</ets> to join, fix,

or attach to; <ets>ad + plicare</ets> to fold, to twist together.

See <er>Applicant</er>, <er>Ply</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing <xex>to</xex> another);

-- with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the hand to the

breast; to <ex>apply</ex> medicaments to a diseased part of the

body.</as></def>



<q>He said, and the sword his throat <qex>applied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put to use; to use or employ for a particular

purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote;

<as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> money to the payment of a

debt</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as

suitable, fitting, or relative; <as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> the

testimony to the case; to <ex>apply</ex> an epithet to a

person.</as></def>



<q>Yet God at last

To Satan, first in sin, his doom <qex>applied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently,

or with attention; to attach; to incline.</def>



<q><qex>Apply</qex> thine heart unto instruction.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxiii. 12.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To direct or address.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Sacred vows . . . <qex>applied</qex> to grisly Pluto.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To betake; to address; to refer; -- used

reflexively.</def>



<q>I <qex>applied</qex> myself to him for help.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To busy; to keep at work; to ply.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She was skillful in <qex>applying</qex> his

\'bdhumors.\'b8</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To visit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And he <qex>applied</qex> each place so fast.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<cs><col>Applied chemistry</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Chemistry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Applied mathematics</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Mathematics</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap*ply"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To suit; to

agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; <as>as,

this argument <ex>applies</ex> well to the case</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make request; to have recourse with a view to

gain something; to make application. (<xex>to</xex>); to solicit;

<as>as, to <ex>apply</ex> to a friend for information</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To ply; to move.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I heard the sound of an oar <qex>applying</qex> swiftly

through the water.</q>

<qau>T. Moore.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To apply or address one's self; to give

application; to attend closely (<xex>to</xex>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It., fr. <ets>appogiarre</ets> to lean, to rest;

<ets>ap-</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>poggiare</ets> to mount,

ascend, <ets>poggio</ets> hill, fr. L. <ets>podium</ets> an

elevated place.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A passing tone

preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies

from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or

below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; --

generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the

illustration above. It forms no essential part of the

harmony.</def>



<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appointed</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Appointing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>appointen</ets>, <ets>apointen</ets>, OF.

<ets>apointier</ets> to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.

<ets>appointer</ets> to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL.

<ets>appunctare</ets> to bring back to the point, restore, to fix

the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L.

<ets>ad + punctum</ets> a point. See <er>Point</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to

mark out.</def>



<q>When he <qex>appointed</qex> the foundations of the earth.</q>

<qau>Prov. viii. 29.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve,

decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to

prescribe; to fix the time and place of.</def>



<q>Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall

<qex>appoint</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xv. 15.</qau>



<q>He hath <qex>appointed</qex> a day, in the which he will judge

the world in righteousness.</q>

<qau>Acts xvii. 31.</qau>



<q>Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and

<qex>appoint</qex> the meeting.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To assign, designate, or set apart by

authority.</def>



<q>Aaron and his shall go in, and <qex>appoint</qex> them every

one to his service.</q>

<qau>Num. iv. 19.</qau>



<q>These were cities <qex>appointed</qex> for all the children of

Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.</q>

<qau>Josh. xx. 9.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To furnish in all points; to provide with

everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit

out.</def>



<q>The English, being well <qex>appointed</qex>, did so entertain

them that their ships departed terribly torn.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To point at by way, or for the purpose, of

censure or commendation; to arraign.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Appoint</qex> not heavenly disposition.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To direct, designate, or limit;

to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power

contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already

conveyed.</def>



<au>Burrill. Kent.</au>



<cs><col>To appoint one's self</col>, <cd>to resolve.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Crowley.</au>



<hw>Ap*point"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To ordain;

to determine; to arrange.</def>



<q>For the Lord had <qex>appointed</qex> to defeat the good

counsel of Ahithoph<?/l.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xvii. 14.</qau>



<hw>Ap*point"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being appointed or constituted.</def>



<hw>Ap*point*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appoint\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appointer</ets>. See

<er>Appoint</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

person appointed.</def>



<q>The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay

the <qex>appointees</qex>.</q>

<qau>Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(law)</fld> <def>A person in whose favor a power

of appointment is executed.</def>



<au>Kent. Wharton.</au>



<hw>Ap*point"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

appoints, or executes a power of appointment.</def>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Ap*point"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Subject to

appointment; <as>as, an <ex>appointive</ex> office</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*point"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>appointement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or

discharge a trust; <as>as, he erred by the <ex>appointment</ex>

of unsuitable men</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being appointed to som<?/ service

or office; an office to which one is appointed; station;

position; an, the <xex>appointment</xex> of treasurer.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by

mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement;

<as>as, they made an <ex>appointment</ex> to meet at

six</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Decree; direction; established order or

constitution; <as>as, to submit to the divine

<ex>appointments</ex></as>.</def>



<q>According to the <qex>appointment</qex> of the priests.</q>

<qau>Ezra vi. 9.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The exercise of the power of

designating (under a \'bdpower of appointment\'b8) a person to

enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument

by which the designation is made.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army;

whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit;

<plu>(pl.)</plu> the accouterments of military officers or

soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.</def>



<q>The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their

<qex>appointments</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands

Void of <qex>appoinment</qex>, that thou liest.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An allowance to a person, esp. to a public

officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An expense proportioned to his <qex>appointments</qex> and

fortune is necessary.</q>

<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A honorary part or exercise, as an oration,

etc., at a public exhibition of a college; <as>as, to have an

<ex>appointment</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction;

establishment; equipment.</syn>



<hw>Ap*point*or"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person who selects the appointee. See

<er>Appointee, 2.</er></def>



<hw>Ap*por"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>apporter</ets> to bring in, fr. L. <ets>apportare</ets>;

<ets>ad + portare</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>A bringer in; an

importer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>Ap*por"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Apportioned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Apportioning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>apportionner</ets>, LL. <ets>apportionare</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>ad + portio</ets>. See <er>Portion</er>.]</ety> <def>To

divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute

proportionally; to portion out; to allot; <as>as, to

<ex>apportion</ex> undivided rights; to <ex>apportion</ex> time

among various employments.</as></def>



<hw>Ap*por"tion*ate*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being apportioned or in proportion.</def>

<mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*por"tion*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

apportions.</def>



<hw>Ap*por"tion*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>apportionnement</ets>, LL.

<ets>apportionamentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of apportioning;

a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares;

a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just

portion of an undivided right or property.</def>



<au>A. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Ap*pose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apposer</ets> to set to; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>poser</ets> to put, place. See <er>Pose</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To place opposite or before; to put or apply

(one thing <xex>to</xex> another).</def>



<q>The nymph herself did then <qex>appose</qex>,

For food and beverage, to him all best meat.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place in juxtaposition or proximity.</def>



<hw>Ap*pose"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For <ets>oppose</ets>.

See <er>Oppose</er>.]</ety> <def>To put questions to; to examine;

to try. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Pose</er>.</def>



<q>To <qex>appose</qex> him without any accuser, and that

secretly.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<hw>Ap*posed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Placed in

apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's

beak.</def>



<hw>Ap*pos"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An examiner;

one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English

Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs'

accounts.</def>



<hw>Ap"po*site</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appositus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apponere</ets> to set or put

to; <ets>ad + ponere</ets> to put, place.]</ety> <def>Very

applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; --

followed by <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, this argument is very

<ex>apposite</ex> to the case</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ap"po*site*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ap"po*site*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap`po*si"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appositio</ets>, fr. <ets>apponere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>apposition</ets>. See <er>Apposite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of adding; application; accretion.</def>



<q>It grows . . . by the <qex>apposition</qex> of new matter.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side

by side; also, the condition of being so placed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>The state of two nouns or

pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between

them; <as>as, I admire Cicero, the orator</as>. Here, the second

noun explains or characterizes the first.</def>



<cs><col>Growth by apposition</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>a

mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which

nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of

an organ into solid unorganized substance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap`po*si"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition

syntactically.</def>



<qau>Ellicott.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pos"i*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to apposition; in apposition.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A noun in apposition.</def></def2> --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*pos"i*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q><qex>Appositive</qex> to the words going immediately

before.</q>

<qau>Knatchbull.</qau>



<hw>Ap*prais"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being appraised.</def>



<hw>Ap*prais"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizal</er>.]</ety> <def>A valuation

by an authorized person; an appraisement.</def>



<hw>Ap*praise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appraised</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Appraising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> +

<ets>praise</ets>. See <er>Praise</er>, <er>Price</er>,

<er>Apprize</er>, <er>Appreciate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons

appointed for the purpose; <as>as, to <ex>appraise</ex> goods and

chattels</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To estimate; to conjecture.</def>



<q>Enoch . . . <qex>appraised</qex> his weight.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To praise; to commend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<q><qex>Appraised</qex> the Lycian custom.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the United States, this word is often pronounced,

and sometimes written, <xex>apprize</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ap*praise"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Appraise</er>. Cf. <er>Apprizement</er>.]</ety> <def>The act

of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of

worth.</def>



<hw>Ap*prais"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Appraise</er>, <er>Apprizer</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix

the value of goods or estates.</def>



<hw>Ap`pre*ca"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apprecari</ets> to pray to; <ets>ad + precari</ets> to pray,

<ets>prex</ets>, <ets>precis</ets>, prayer.]</ety> <def>Earnest

prayer; devout wish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A solemn <qex>apprecation</qex> of good success.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<hw>Ap"pre*ca*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Praying

or wishing good.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>\'bd<xex>Apprecatory</xex> benedictions.\'b8



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>appr\'82ciable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated;

perceptible; <as>as, an <ex>appreciable</ex> quantity</as>.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*bly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Appreciative.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appreciated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Appreciating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>appretiatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appretiare</ets> to value

at a price, appraise; <ets>ad + pretiare</ets> to prize,

<ets>pretium</ets> price. Cf. <er>Appraise</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To set a price or value on; to estimate justly;

to value.</def>



<q>To <qex>appreciate</qex> the motives of their enemies.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To raise the value of; to increase the market

price of; -- opposed to <xex>depreciate</xex>.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<q>Lest a sudden peace should <qex>appreciate</qex> the

money.</q>

<qau>Ramsay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be sensible of; to distinguish.</def>



<q>To test the power of b<?/<?/s to <qex>appreciate</qex>

color.</q>

<qau>Lubbock.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Appreciate</er>, <er>Estimate</er>,

<er>Esteem</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Estimate</xex> is an act of

judgment; <xex>esteem</xex> is an act of valuing or prizing, and

when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral

approbation. See <er>Estimate</er>. <xex>Appreciate</xex> lies

between the two. As compared with <xex>estimate</xex>, it

supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice

and delicate perception. As compared with <xex>esteem</xex>, it

denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and

distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus,

with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an

able writer says. \'bdWomen have a truer <xex>appreciation</xex>

of character than men;\'b8 and another remarks, \'bdIt is

difficult to <xex>appreciate</xex> the true force and distinctive

sense of terms which we are every day using.\'b8 So, also, we

speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly

<xex>appreciable</xex>.  With reference to the latter of these

(that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say,

\'bdIt requires a peculiar cast of character to

<xex>appreciate</xex> the poetry of Wordsworth;\'b8 \'bdHe who

has no delicacy himself, can not <xex>appreciate</xex> it in

others;\'b8 \'bdThe thought of death is salutary, because it

leads us to <xex>appreciate</xex> worldly things aright.\'b8

<xex>Appreciate</xex> is much used in cases where something is in

danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of

<xex>appreciating</xex> the difficulties of a subject, or the

risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an

\'bdominous silence\'b8 which prevailed among the Irish

peasantry, says, \'bdIf you knew now to <xex>appreciate</xex>

that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous

opposition.\'b8 In like manner, a person who asks some favor of

another is apt to say, \'bdI trust you will <xex>appreciate</xex>

my motives in this request.\'b8 Here we have the key to a very

frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that

<xex>appreciate</xex> looks on the favorable side of things. we

never speak of <xex>appreciating</xex> a man's faults, but his

merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more

fully in the word <xex>appreciative</xex>; as when we speak of an

<xex>appreciative</xex> audience, or an <xex>appreciative</xex>

review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready

valuation of excellence.</usage>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To rise in value.

[See note under <er>Rise</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</def>



<au>J. Morse.</au>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.</def>



<hw>Ap*pre`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>appr\'82ciation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A just

valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition

of excellence.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accurate perception; true estimation; <as>as, an

<ex>appreciation</ex> of the difficulties before us; an

<ex>appreciation</ex> of colors.</as></def>



<q>His foreboding showed his <qex>appreciation</qex> of Henry's

character.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rise in value; -- opposed to

<xex>depreciation</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; <as>as, an

<ex>appreciative</ex> audience</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.</def>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

appreciates.</def>



<hw>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Showing appreciation; appreciative; <as>as,

<ex>appreciatory</ex> commendation</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<-- p. 74  -->



<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Apprehended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Apprehending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>apprehendere</ets>; <ets>ad + prehendere</ets> to lay hold

of, seize; <ets>prae</ets> before + <ets>-hendere</ets> (used

only in comp.); akin to Gr. <?/ to hold, contain, and E.

<ets>get</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hender</ets>. See

<er>Prehensile</er>, <er>Get</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

take or seize; to take hold of.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>We have two hands to <qex>apprehended</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal

process; to arrest; <as>as, to <ex>apprehend</ex> a

criminal</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take hold of with the understanding, that is,

to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand;

to recognize; to consider.</def>



<q>This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz,

soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently

<qex>apprehended</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>The eternal laws, such as the heroic age

<qex>apprehended</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Gladstone.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To know or learn with certainty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>G</qex>. You are too much distrustful of my truth.

<qex>E</qex>. Then you must give me leave to <qex>apprehend</qex>

The means and manner how.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety,

dread, or fear; to fear.</def>



<q>The opposition had more reason than the king to

<qex>apprehend</qex> violence.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive;

understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Comprehend</er>. These words come into

comparison as describing acts of the mind. <xex>Apprehend</xex>

denotes the <xex>laying hold</xex> of a thing mentally, so as to

understand it clearly, at least in part. <xex>Comprehend</xex>

denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and

extent. We may <xex>apprehended</xex> many truths which we do not

<xex>comprehend</xex>. The very idea of God supposes that he may

be <xex>apprehended</xex>, though not <xex>comprehended</xex>, by

rational beings. \'bdWe may <xex>apprehended</xex> much of

Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or

King Lear; but few will claim that they have

<xex>comprehended</xex> all that is embraced in these

characters.\'b8</usage>



<au>Trench.</au>



<hw>Ap`pre*hend"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to

suppose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be apprehensive; to fear.</def>



<q>It is worse to <qex>apprehend</qex> than to suffer.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<hw>Ap`pre*hend"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

apprehends.</def>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being apprehensible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen"si*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apprehensibilis</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being apprehended or conceived.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Apprehensible</xex> by faith.\'b8 <au>Bp. Hall</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apprehensio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appr\'82hension</ets>. See

<er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of seizing or

taking hold of; seizure; <as>as, the hand is an organ of

<ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of seizing or taking by legal process;

arrest; <as>as, the felon, after his <ex>apprehension</ex>,

escaped</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of grasping with the intellect; the

contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing

any judgment; intellection; perception.</def>



<q>Simple <qex>apprehension</qex> denotes no more than the soul's

naked intellection of an object.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.</def>



<note><hand/ In this sense, the word often denotes a belief,

founded on sufficient evidence to give preponderation to the

mind, but insufficient to induce certainty; as, in our

<xex>apprehension</xex>, the facts prove the issue.</note>



<q>To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of

men, who act not according to truth, but

<qex>apprehension</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The faculty by which ideas are conceived;

understanding; <as>as, a man of dull

<ex>apprehension</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable;

distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil.</def>



<q>After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no

small <qex>apprehension</qex> for his own life.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Apprehension</er>, <er>Alarm</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Apprehension</xex> springs from a sense of danger when

somewhat remote, but approaching; <xex>alarm</xex> arises from

danger when announced as near at hand. <xex>Apprehension</xex> is

calmer and more permanent; <xex>alarm</xex> is more agitating and

transient.</usage>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>appr\'82hensif</ets>. See <er>Apprehend</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt;

discerning.</def>



<q>It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and

<qex>apprehensive</qex> . . . friend, is listening to our

talk.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Knowing; conscious; cognizant.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly,

and is, by the grace of God, <qex>apprehensive</qex> of it.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to the faculty of apprehension.</def>



<q>Judgment . . . is implied in every <qex>apprehensive</qex>

act.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful

of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation

of evil.</def>



<q>Not at all <qex>apprehensive</qex> of evils as a distance.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<q>Reformers . . . <qex>apprehensive</qex> for their lives.</q>

<qau>Gladstone.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sensible; feeling; perceptive.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings,

Mangle my <qex>apprehensive</qex>, tenderest parts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.</def>



<hw>Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being apprehensive.</def>



<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>apprentice</ets>, <ets>prentice</ets>, OF.

<ets>aprentis</ets>, nom. of <ets>aprentif</ets>, fr.

<ets>apprendare</ets> to learn, L. <ets>apprendere</ets>, equiv.

to <ets>apprehendere</ets>, to take hold of (by the mind), to

comprehend. See <er>Apprehend</er>, <er>Prentice</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is bound by indentures or by legal

agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain

time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master

is bound to instruct him.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old law)</fld> <def>A barrister, considered a

learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be

called to the rank of serjeant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Ap*pren"tice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Apprenticed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Apprenticing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bind to, or put under

the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade

or business.</def>



<hw>Ap*pren"tice*age</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>apprentissage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apprenticeship.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pren"tice*hood</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Apprenticeship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pren"tice*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a

person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal

agreement.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes

seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ap*pressed"</hw>, <hw>Ap*prest"</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[p. p. <ets>appress</ets>, which is not in

use. See <er>Adpress</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pressed

close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as

against a stem,</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Apprised</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Apprising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>appris</ets>, fem.

<ets>apprise</ets>, p. p. <ets>apprendre</ets> to learn, to

teach, to inform. Cf. <er>Apprehend</er>,

<er>Apprentice</er>.]</ety> <def>To give notice, verbal or

written; to inform; -- followed by <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, we will

<ex>apprise</ex> the general of an intended attack; he

<ex>apprised</ex> the commander of what he had done.</as></def>



<hw>Ap*prise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Notice; information.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Ap*priz"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Appraisal</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap*prize"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[The same as

<er>Appraise</er>, only more accommodated to the English form of

the L. <ets>pretiare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To appraise; to value; to

appreciate.</def>



<hw>Ap*prize"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Appraisement.</def>



<hw>Ap*priz"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

appraiser.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A creditor for whom an

appraisal is made.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Approached</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Approaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>approchen</ets>, <ets>aprochen</ets>, OF.

<ets>approcher</ets>, LL. <ets>appropriare</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad

+ propiare</ets> to draw near, <ets>prope</ets> near.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To come or go near, in place or time; to draw

nigh; to advance nearer.</def>



<q>Wherefore <qex>approached</qex> ye so nigh unto the city?</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xi. 20.</qau>



<q>But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the

day <qex>approaching</qex>.</q>

<qau>Heb. x. 25.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make

advances; to approximate; <as>as, he <ex>approaches</ex> to the

character of the ablest statesman</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring

near; to cause to draw near; to advance.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come near to in place, time, or character; to

draw nearer to; <as>as, to <ex>approach</ex> the city; to

<ex>approach</ex> my cabin; he <ex>approached</ex> the age of

manhood.</as></def>



<q>He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have

<qex>approached</qex> Homer.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To take approaches to.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>approche</ets>. See <er>Approach</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of drawing near; a

coming or advancing near.</def> \'bdThe <xex>approach</xex> of

summer.\'b8



<au>Horsley.</au>



<q>A nearer <qex>approach</qex> to the human type.</q>

<qau>Owen.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A access, or opportunity of drawing near.</def>



<q>The <qex>approach</qex> to kings and principal persons.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Movements to gain favor;

advances.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or

buildings can be approached; an access.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The advanced

works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their

advances toward a fortress or military post.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Approaching</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being approachable; approachableness.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being approached; accessible; <as>as, <ex>approachable</ex>

virtue</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being approachable; accessibility.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

approaches.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>The

act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another,

without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also,

<xex>inarching</xex> and <xex>grafting by approach</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Impossible to be

approached.</def>



<hw>Ap*proach"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>approachement</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approach.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>approbatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approbare</ets> to

approve.]</ety> <def>Approved.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Elyot.</au>



<hw>Ap"pro*bate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.</def>



<q>I <qex>approbate</qex> the one, I reprobate the other.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word is obsolete in England, but is

occasionally heard in the United States, chiefly in a technical

sense for <xex>license</xex>; as, a person is

<xex>approbated</xex> to preach; <xex>approbated</xex> to keep a

public house.</note>



<au>Pickering (1816).</au>



<hw>Ap`pro*ba"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>approbatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>approbation</ets>. See

<er>Approve</er> to prove.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proof;

attestation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of approving; an assenting to the

propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or

satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation.</def>



<q>Many . . . joined in a loud hum of <qex>approbation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The silent <qex>approbation</qex> of one's own breast.</q>

<qau>Melmoth.</qau>



<q>Animals . . . love <qex>approbation</qex> or praise.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Probation or novitiate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This day my sister should the cloister enter,

And there receive her <qex>approbation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent;

concurrence.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Approbation</er>,

<er>Approval</er>. <xex>Approbation</xex> and <xex>approval</xex>

have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good,

sanction, commendation; but <xex>approbation</xex> is stronger

and more positive. \'bdWe may be anxious for the

<xex>approbation</xex> of our friends; but we should be still

more anxious for the <xex>approval</xex> of our own

consciences.\'b8 \'bdHe who is desirous to obtain universal

<xex>approbation</xex> will learn a good lesson from the fable of

the old man and his ass.\'b8 \'bdThe work has been examined by

several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified

<xex>approval</xex> of its plan and execution.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>approbatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approving, or implying

approbation.</def>



<au>Milner.</au>



<hw>Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being approbative.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>Love of approbation.</def>



<hw>Ap"pro*ba`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>One who approves.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ap"pro*ba`to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory.</def>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>Ap*promt"</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>promt</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

quicken; to prompt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>appromt</qex> our invention.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Ap*proof"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Approve</er>, and <er>Proof</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Trial; proof.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Approval; commendation.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ap`pro*pin"quate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appropinquatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropinquare</ets>;

<ets>ad + prope</ets> near.]</ety> <def>To approach.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appropinquatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drawing nigh;

approach.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>propinquity</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Nearness; propinquity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Gregory.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro"pre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>appropren</ets>, <ets>apropren</ets>, OF.

<ets>approprier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>appropriare</ets>. See

<er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>To appropriate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Appropriate</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being appropriated,

set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular

use.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>What

is peculiarly one's own; peculiar

qualification.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If you can neglect

Your own <qex>appropriaments</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appropriatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>appropriare</ets>; <ets>ad

+ propriare</ets> to appropriate, fr. <ets>proprius</ets> one's

own, proper. See <er>Proper</er>.]</ety> <def>Set apart for a

particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar;

suitable; fit; proper.</def>



<q>In its strict and <qex>appropriate</qex> meaning.</q>

<qau>Porteus.</qau>



<q><qex>Appropriate</qex> acts of divine worship.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<q>It is not at all times easy to find words

<qex>appropriate</qex> to express our ideas.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Appropriated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Appropriating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take to one's self

in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right;

<as>as, let no man <ex>appropriate</ex> the use of a common

benefit</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To set apart for, or assign to, a particular

person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with <xex>to</xex>

or <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, a spot of ground is

<ex>appropriated</ex> for a garden; to <ex>appropriate</ex> money

for the increase of the navy.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make suitable; to suit.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Paley.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Eccl. Law)</fld> <def>To annex, as a

benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

property; attribute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.</def>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.</def>



<au>Froude.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro`pri*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appropriatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>appropriation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of setting apart or assigning to a

particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in

exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose,

as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some

object.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything, especially money, thus set

apart.</def>



<q>The Commons watched carefully over the

<qex>appropriation</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The severing or

sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual

corporation. <xex>Blackstone</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to

one of several debts which are due from the former to the

latter.</def>



<au>Chitty.</au>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; <as>as,

an <ex>appropriative</ex> act</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*pro"pri*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who appropriates.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A spiritual corporation

possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an

impropriator.</def>



<hw>Ap*prov"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Worthy of

being approved; meritorious.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*prov"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Approbation;

sanction.</def>



<q>A censor . . . without whose <qex>approval</qex> n<?/ capital

sentences are to be executed.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Approbation</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ap*prov"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Approval.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Approved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Approving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>aproven</ets>,

<ets>appreven</ets>, to prove, OF. <ets>aprover</ets>, F.

<ets>approuver</ets>, to approve, fr. L. <ets>approbare</ets>;

<ets>ad + probare</ets> to esteem as good, approve, prove. See

<er>Prove</er>, and cf. <er>Approbate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To show to be real or true; to prove.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Wouldst thou <qex>approve</qex> thy constancy?

<qex>Approve</qex>

First thy obedience.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or

show practically.</def>



<q>Opportunities to <qex>approve</qex> . . . worth.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<q> He had <qex>approved</qex> himself a great warrior.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>'T is an old lesson; Time <qex>approves</qex> it true.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>His account . . . <qex>approves</qex> him a man of

thought.</q>

<qau>Parkman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm;

<as>as, to <ex>approve</ex> the decision of a

court-martial</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased

with; to think well of; <as>as, we <ex>approve</ex> the measured

of the administration</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make or show to be worthy of approbation or

acceptance.</def>



<q>The first care and concern must be to <qex>approve</qex>

himself to God.</q>

<qau>Rog<?/<?/<?/.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word, when it signifies <xex>to be pleased

with</xex>, <xex>to think favorably</xex> (<xex>of</xex>), is

often followed by <xex>of</xex>.</note>



<q>They had not <qex>approved of</qex> the deposition of

James.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>They <qex>approved of</qex> the political institutions.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<-- p. 75  -->



<hw>Ap*prove"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aprouer</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + a form

apparently derived fr. the <ets>pro</ets>, <ets>prod</ets>, in L.

<ets>prodest</ets> it is useful or profitable, properly the

preposition <ets>pro</ets> for. Cf. <er>Improve</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To make profit of; to convert to one's

own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the

lord of the manor.</def>



<hw>Ap*prov"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as

to secure approbation; in an approved manner.</def>



<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Approbation.</def>



<q>I did nothing without your <qex>approvement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hayward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>a confession of guilt by a

prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an

accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them

in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use;

it corresponded to what is now known as <xex>turning king's</xex>

(or <xex>queen's</xex>) <xex>evidence</xex> in England, and

<xex>state's evidence</xex> in the United States.</def>



<au>Burrill. Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Ap*prove"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld>

<def>Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting

them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of

the manor.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or

trial.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An informer; an accuser.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One who confesses a crime

and accuses another. See 1st <er>Approvement</er>,

<er>2</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap*prov"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Approve</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A bailiff or

steward; an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jacobs.</au>



<hw>Ap*prov"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Expressing approbation;

commending; <as>as, an <ex>approving</ex> smile</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ap*prov"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>approximatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>approximare</ets> to

approach; <ets>ad + proximare</ets> to come near. See

<er>Proximate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Approaching;

proximate; nearly resembling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly

accurate; <as>as, <ex>approximate</ex> results or

values</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Approximate quantities</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>those which are nearly, but not, equal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Approximated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Approximating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To carry or

advance near; to cause to approach.</def>



<q>To <qex>approximate</qex> the inequality of riches to the

level of nature.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come near to; to approach.</def>



<q>The telescope <qex>approximates</qex> perfection.</q>

<qau>J. Morse.</qau>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To draw; to

approach.</def>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*mate*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.</def>



<hw>Ap*prox`i*ma"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>approximation</ets>, LL. <ets>approximatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing

or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.</def>



<q>The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but

an <qex>approximation</qex> to the proper standard and true

symmetry of human nature.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An approach to a correct estimate, calculation,

or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continual

approach or coming nearer to a result; <as>as, to solve an

equation by <ex>approximation</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.</def>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>approximatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Approaching;

approximate.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ap*prox"i*ma`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, approximates.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap`pui"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>ad + podium</ets> foothold, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/,

foot.]</ety> <def>A support or supporter; a stay; a prop.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there

would be stays and <qex>appuies</qex> set to it.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<cs><col>Point d'appui</col> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[F., a point of

support.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A given point

or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in

line or column.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>An advantageous defensive

support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ap"pulse</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>appulsus</ets>, fr. <ets>appellere</ets>,

<ets>appulsum</ets>, to drive to; <ets>ad + pellere</ets> to

drive: cf. F. <ets>appulse</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of

striking against.</def>



<q>In all consonants there is an <qex>appulse</qex> of the

organs.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The near approach of one

heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into

conjunction; <as>as, the <ex>appulse</ex> of the moon to a star,

or of a star to the meridian</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap*pul"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A driving

or striking against; an appulse.</def>



<hw>Ap*pul"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Striking

against; impinging; <as>as, the <ex>appulsive</ex> influence of

the planets</as>.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ap*pul"sive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By appulsion.</def>



<hw>Ap*pur"te*nance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>apurtenaunce</ets>, <ets>apartenance</ets>, F.

<ets>appartenance</ets>, LL. <ets>appartenentia</ets>, from L.

<ets>appertinere</ets>. See <er>Appertain</er>.]</ety> <def>That

which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an

accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in

common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to

another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it,

as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common

to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or

messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an

appurtenance to land.</def>



<au>Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.</au>



<q>Globes . . . provided as <qex>appurtenances</qex> to

astronomy.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The structure of the eye, and of its

<qex>appurtenances</qex>.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>appartenant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>appartenir</ets>. See

<er>Appurtenance</er>.]</ety> <def>Annexed or pertaining to some

more important thing; accessory; incident; <as>as, a right of way

<ex>appurtenant</ex> to land or buildings</as>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<cs><col>Common appurtenatn</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under

<er>Common, <pos>n.</pos></er></cd></cs>



<hw>Ap*pur"te*nant</hw>, <pos>n</pos>, <def>Something which

belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance.</def>



<q>Mysterious <qex>appurtenants</qex> and symbols of

redemption.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ap"ri*cate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>apricatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>apricare</ets>, fr.

<ets>apricus</ets> exposed to the sun, fr. <ets>aperire</ets> to

uncover, open.]</ety> <def>To bask in the sun.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Ap`ri*ca"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Basking in the

sun.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A"pri*cot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>apricock</ets>,

<ets>abricot</ets>, F. <ets>abricot</ets>, fr. Sp.

<ets>albaricoque</ets> or Pg. <ets>albricoque</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>albirq<?/q</ets>, <ets>al</ets>-<ets>burq<?/q</ets>. Though

the E. and F. form <ets>abricot</ets> is derived from the Arabic

through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from

the Gr. <?/, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. <ets>praecoquus</ets>,

<ets>praecox</ets>, early ripe. The older E. form

<ets>apricock</ets> was prob. taken direct from Pg. See

<er>Precocious</er>, <er>Cook</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape,

and delicious taste; also, the tree <spn>(Prunus Armeniaca of

Linn\'91us)</spn> which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has

been introduced throughout the temperate zone.</def>



<hw>A"pril</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Aprilis</ets>. OE. also <ets>Averil</ets>, F.

<ets>Avril</ets>, fr. L. <ets>Aprilis</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The fourth month of the year.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: With reference to April being the month in

which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its

weather, etc.</def>



<q>The <qex>April's</qex> her eyes; it is love's spring.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>April fool</col>, <cd>one who is sportively imposed upon

by others on the first day of April.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8A` pri*o"ri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>a</ets>

(<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>prior</ets> former.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>Characterizing that kind of reasoning

which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles

assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known;

deductive or deductively. The reverse of <xex>a

posteriori</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>Applied to knowledge and

conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in

order to make experience rational or possible.</def>



<q><qex>A priori</qex>, that is, form these necessities of the

mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by

experience, must yet have pre\'89xisted in order to make

experience possible.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>A`pri*o"rism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>apriorisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An <xex>a priori</xex>

principle.</def>



<hw>A`pri*or"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience;

<xex>a priori</xex> reasoning.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*proc"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ anus.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.</def>



<hw>A*proc"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Without an anal office.</def>



<hw>A"pron</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>napron</ets>, OF. <ets>naperon</ets>, F.

<ets>napperon</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>nape</ets>, F.

<ets>nappe</ets>, cloth, tablecloth, LL. <ets>napa</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>mappa</ets>, napkin, table napkin. See <er>Map</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other

stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes

clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is

commonly tied at the waist by strings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something which by its shape or use suggests an

apron; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> The fat skin covering the belly of a

goose or duck</as>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>

<au>Halliwell</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of leather, or

other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside

seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a

boot.</def>  \'bdThe weather being too hot for the

<xex>apron</xex>.\'b8 <au>Hughes</au>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A leaden plate that covers the vent of a

cannon.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>A piece

of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.</def>

<xex>Totten</xex>. <sd>(e)</sd> <def>A platform, or flooring of

plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates

are shut.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A flooring of plank before a

dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent.</def>

<sd>(g)</sd> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The piece that holds the

cutting tool of a planer.</def> <sd>(h)</sd>

<fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>A strip of lead which leads the drip

of a wall into a gutter; a flashing.</def> <sd>(i)</sd>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The infolded abdomen of a crab.</def>



<hw>A"proned</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing an

apron.</def>



<q>A cobbler <qex>aproned</qex>, and a parson gowned.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>A"pron*ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apronfuls</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>The quality an

apron can hold.</def>



<hw>A"pron*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without an apron.</def>



<hw>A"pron man`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A man who wears an apron;

a laboring man; a mechanic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A"pron string`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The string of an

apron.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To be tied to a wife's</col> or <col>mother's

apron strings</col></mcol>, <cd>to be unduly controlled by a wife

or mother.</cd></cs>



<q>He was so made that he could not submit <qex>to be tied to the

apron strings</qex> even of the best of wives.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ap"ro*sos`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[F.

<?/ propos; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>propos</ets> purpose,

L. <ets>proposium</ets> plan, purpose, fr. <ets>proponere</ets>

to propose. See <er>Propound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.</def>



<q>A tale extremely <qex>apropos</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the

place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental

observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly

belonging to the narration.</def>



<hw>Apse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. Apses</plu>

<pr>(#)</pr>. [See <er>Apsis</er>.] <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A projecting part of a

building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or

semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the

east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by

seats for the bishop and clergy.</def>   Hence: <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reliquary, or case in which the relics of

saints were kept.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is also written <xex>apsis</xex> and

<xex>absis</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ap"si*dal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apsides of an

orbit.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the apse

of a church; <as>as, the <ex>apsidal</ex> termination of the

chancel</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap"si*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Apsis</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Apsides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. See <er>Apse</er>. <ety>[L.

<ets>apsis</ets>, <ets>absis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, a tying,

fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault,

fr. <?/ to fasten.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>

<def>One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or

satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the

central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a

planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more

distant is called the <xex>higher apsis</xex>; the other, the

<xex>lower apsis</xex>; and the line joining them, the <xex>line

of apsides</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>In a curve referred to polar

co\'94rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a

maximum or minimum.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Apse</er>.</def>



<hw>Apt</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>apte</ets>,

L. <ets>aptus</ets>, fr. obsolete <ets>apere</ets> to fasten, to

join, to fit, akin to <ets>apisci</ets> to reach, attain: cf. Gr.

<?/ to fasten, Skr. <ets>\'bepta</ets> fit, fr. <ets>\'bep</ets>

to reach attain.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Fit or fitted; suited; suitable;

appropriate.</def>



<q>They have always <qex>apt</qex> instruments.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>A river . . . <qex>apt</qex> to be forded by a lamb.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable

or likely; -- used of things.</def>



<q>My vines and peaches . . . were <qex>apt</qex> to have a soot

or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<q>This tree, if unprotected, is <qex>apt</qex> to be stripped of

the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant.</q>

<qau>Lubbock.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; --

used of persons.</def>



<q><qex>Apter</qex> to give than thou wit be to ask.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<q>That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are <qex>apt</qex>

to remember their grandfathers.</q>

<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do

something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; <as>as, a pupil

<ex>apt</ex> to learn; an <ex>apt</ex> scholar.</as></def> \'bdAn

<xex>apt</xex> wit.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>Live a thousand years,

I shall not find myself so <qex>apt</qex> to die.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I find thee <qex>apt</qex> . . . Now, Hamlet, hear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed;

liable; ready; quick; prompt.</syn>



<hw>Apt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>aptare</ets>. See

<er>Aptate</er>.]</ety> <def>To fit; to suit; to adapt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd To <qex>apt</qex> their places.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<q>That our speech be <qex>apted</qex> to edification.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Apt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>aptabilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aptare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being adapted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Ap"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aptatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aptare</ets>. See

<er>Apt</er>.]</ety> <def>To make fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey</au>



<hw>\'d8Ap"te*ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>aptera</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ without wings; <?/ priv. + <?/

wing, <?/ to fly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Insects

without wings, constituting the seventh Linn\'91n order of

insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders,

centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in

several distinct classes and orders.</def>



<hw>Ap"ter*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Apterous.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Without lateral columns; --

applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their

sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to

<xex>peripteral</xex>.</def>



<au>R. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ap"ter*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Aptera.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Naked

spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See

<er>Pteryli\'91</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of wings; apteral; <as>as,

<ex>apterous</ex> insects</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of winglike

membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to

<xex>atate</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap*ter"y*ges</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Apteryx</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap"te*ryx</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ wing. Cf. <er>Aptera</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of New Zealand birds about the

size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a

claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic

extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.</def>



<hw>Apt"i*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aptitude</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>aptus</ets>. See <er>Apt</er>, and cf.

<er>Attitude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A natural or acquired

disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to

a particular action or effect; <as>as, oil has an

<ex>aptitude</ex> to burn</as>.</def>



<q>He seems to have had a peculiar <qex>aptitude</qex> for the

management of irregular troops.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A general fitness or suitableness;

adaptation.</def>



<q>That sociable and helpful <qex>aptitude</qex> which God

implanted between man and woman.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.</def>



<q>He was a boy of remarkable <qex>aptitude</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Apt`i*tu"di*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Suitable; fit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Apt"ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an apt or

suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately;

readily.</def>



<hw>Apt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fitness;

suitableness; appropriateness; <as>as, the <ex>aptness</ex> of

things to their end</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>aptness</qex> of his quotations.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<-- p. 76  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposition of the mind; propensity; <as>as, the

<ex>aptness</ex> of men to follow example</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Quickness of apprehension; readiness in

learning; docility; <as>as, an <ex>aptness</ex> to learn is more

observable in some children than in others</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Proneness; tendency; <as>as, the

<ex>aptness</ex> of iron to rust</as>.</def>



<hw>Ap"tote</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aptotum</ets>, Gr. <?/ indeclinable; <?/ priv. + <?/ fallen,

declined, <?/ to fall.]</ety> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A noun

which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.</def>



<hw>Ap*tot"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; <as>as,

<ex>aptotic</ex> languages</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ap"ty*chus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/, <?/, fold.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite

shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others,

opercula.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"pus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/. See <er>Apode</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of fresh-water phyllopod

crustaceans. See <er>Phyllopod</er>.</def>



<hw>Ap`y*ret"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a<?/</ets> not + <ets>pyretic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Without fever; -- applied to days when

there is an intermission of fever.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ap`y*rex"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ap`y*rex`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>apyrexia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to be feverish,

fr. <?/ fire: cf. F. <ets>apyrexie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The absence or intermission of

fever.</def>



<hw>Ap`y*rex"i*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Relating to apyrexy.</def>

\'bd<xex>Apyrexial</xex> period.\'b8



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ap"y*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ fire.]</ety> <def>Incombustible; capable of

sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or

properties.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"qua</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy

and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by

the word or words annexed.</def>



<cs><col>Aqua ammoni\'91</col>, <cd>the aqueous solution of

ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called <xex>aqua

ammonia<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Aqua marine</col> <pr>(#)</pr>,

or <col>Aqua marina</col></mcol> <pr>(#)</pr>. <cd>Same as

<er>Aquamarine</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aqua regia</col> <pr>(#)</pr>.

<ety>[L., royal water]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a very

corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and

hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the

\'bdroyal\'b8 metal.</cd> -- <col>Aqua Tofana</col> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<cd>a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning,

made by an Italian woman named <ets>Tofana<ets>, in the middle of

the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600

persons.</cd> <au>Francis<au>. -- <col>Aqua vit\'91</col>

<pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L., water of life. Cf. <er>Eau de vie</er>,

<er>Usquebaugh</er>]</ety>, <cd>a name given to brandy and some

other ardent spirits.</cd>



<au>Shak.</au>

</cs>



<hw>\'d8A`qua for"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., strong

water.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Nitric acid.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>A`qua*ma*rine"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A transparent, pale green variety of

beryl, used as a gem. See <er>Beryl</er>.</def>



<hw>A`qua*punc"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aqua</ets> water, + <ets>punctura</ets> puncture,

<ets>pungere</ets>, <ets>punctum</ets>, to, prick.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The introduction of water subcutaneously

for the relief of pain.</def>



<hw>\'d8Aq`ua*relle"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. Ital <ets>acquerello</ets>, fr. <ets>acqua</ets> water, L.

<ets>aqua</ets>.]</ety> <def>A design or painting in thin

transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such

colors.</def>



<hw>Aq`ua*rel"list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

painter in thin transparent water colors.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*qua"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to an

aquarium.</def>



<hw>A*qua"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. (assumed)

<ets>Aquarianus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>Aquarien</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect of Christian in the primitive

church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.</def>



<hw>A*qua"ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Aquariums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Aquaria</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. See <er>Aquarius</er>,

<er>Ewer</er>.]</ety> <def>An artificial pond, or a globe or tank

(usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic

animals or plants are kept.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*qua"ri*us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquarius</ets>, adj., relating to water, and n., a

water-carrier, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See <er>Aqua</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Water-bearer; the

eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th

of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that

season in Italy and the East.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

constellation south of Pegasus.</def>



<hw>A*quat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquaticus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatique</ets>. See

<er>Aqua</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to water growing in water;

living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters;

<as>as, <ex>aquatic</ex> plants and fowls</as>.</def>



<hw>A*quat`ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An aquatic

animal or plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Sports or exercises practiced

in or on the water.</def>



<hw>A*quat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Aquatic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Aq"ua*tile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquatilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aquatile</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Inhabiting the water.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A"qua*tint</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A`qua*tin"ta</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>acquatinta</ets> dyed water; <ets>acqua</ets> (L.

<ets>aqua</ets>) water + <ets>tinto</ets>, fem. <ets>tinta</ets>,

dyed. See <er>Tint</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of etching in which

spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect

is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink;

also, the engraving produced by this method.</def>



<hw>Aq"ue*duct</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aqueduc</ets>, OF. <ets>aqueduct</ets> (Cotgr.), fr. L.

<ets>aquaeductus</ets>; <ets>aquae</ets>, gen. of <ets>aqua</ets>

water + <ets>ductus</ets> a leading, <ets>ducere</ets> to lead.

See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Duke</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water,

especially one for supplying large cities with water.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is also applied to a structure (similar to

the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or

hollow; more properly called an <xex>aqueduct

bridge</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A canal or passage; <as>as,

the <ex>aqueduct</ex> of <ex>Sylvius</ex>, a channel connecting

the third and fourth ventricles of the brain</as>.</def>



<hw>A*que"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Wateriness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A"que*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aqueux</ets>, L. <ets>aquosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>.

See <er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aquose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it;

watery.</def>



<q>The <qex>aqueous</qex> vapor of the air.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made from, or by means of, water.</def>



<q>An <qex>aqueous</qex> deposit.</q>

<qau>Dana.</qau>



<cs><col>Aqueous extract</col>, <cd>an extract obtained from a

vegetable substance by steeping it in water.</cd> -- <col>Aqueous

humor</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>one the humors of the eye; a

limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens

and the cornea. (See <er>Eye</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Aqueous

rocks</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>those which are deposited

from water and lie in strata, as opposed to <xex>volcanic<xex>

rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also

<xex>sedimentary<xex> rocks.</cd></cs>



<hw>A`que*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wateriness.</def>



<hw>A*quif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; <as>as,

<ex>aquiferous</ex> vessels; the <ex>aquiferous</ex>

system.</as></def>



<hw>A"qui*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of water.</def>



<hw>\'d8Aq"ui*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aquil\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., an

eagle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

eagles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation

southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the

Eagle.</def>



<cs><col>Aquila alba</col> <ety>[L., white eagle]</ety>, <cd>an

alchemical name of <altname>calomel</altname>.</cd>



<au>Brande & C.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Aq"ui*la`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Adorned with eagles' heads.</def>



<hw>Aq"ui*line</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquilinus</ets>, fr. <ets>aquila</ets> eagle: cf. F.

<ets>aquilin</ets>. See <er>Eagle</er>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Belonging to or like an eagle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an

eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose</def>



<q>Terribly arched and <qex>aquiline</qex> his nose.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Aq"ui*lon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquilo</ets>, <ets>-lonis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aquilon</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north wind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*quip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aqua</ets> water + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Secreting water; -- applied to certain

glands.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Aq`ui*ta"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Aquitania, now called <xex>Gascony</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*quose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aquosus</ets> watery, fr. <ets>aqua</ets>. See

<er>Aqua</er>, <er>Aqueous</er>.]</ety> <def>Watery;

aqueous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>A*quos"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>aquositas</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition of being wet or

watery; wateriness.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<q>Very little water or <qex>aquosity</qex> is found in their

belly.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Ar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>Ere;

before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The Altar; a southern constellation,

south of the tail of the Scorpion.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native Indian

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name of the great blue

and yellow macaw (<spn>Ara ararauna</spn>), native of South

America.</def>



<hw>Ar"ab</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

ultimately fr. Heb. <ets>arabah</ets> a desert, the name

employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the

Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. <ets>Arab</ets>, Heb. <ets>arabi</ets>,

<ets>arbi</ets>, <ets>arbim</ets>: cf. F. <ets>Arabe</ets>, L.

<ets>Arabs</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>One of a swarthy race

occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Street Arab</col>, <cd>a homeless vagabond in the

streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl.</cd> 

<au>Tylor.</au>



<q>The ragged outcasts and <qex>street Arabs</qex> who are

shivering in damp doorways.</q>

<qau>Lond. Sat. Rev.</qau>

</cs>



<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arabesque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>arabesco</ets>, fr.

<ets>Arabo</ets> Arab.]</ety> <def>A style of ornamentation

either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a

pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as

figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically

interlaced or put together.</def>



<note><hand/ It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and

appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and Arabic

decorative art. (See <er>Moresque</er>.) The arabesques of the

Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.</note>



<hw>Ar`a*besque"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Arabian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of

ornament called <xex>arabesque</xex>; <as>as, <ex>arabesque</ex>

frescoes</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`a*besqued"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ornamented in the style of arabesques.</def>



<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants.</def>



<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*ra"bi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of Arabia; an

Arab.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Arabicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arabia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Arabic numerals</col> or

<col>figures</col></mcol>, <cd>the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc.,

and the cipher 0.</cd> -- <col>Gum arabic</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Gum</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"a*bic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language of the

Arabians.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Arabic</xex> is a Semitic language, allied

to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in

which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a

vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.</note>



<hw>A*rab"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

Arabia; Arabic.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A*rab"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"a*bin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar,

contained in gum <xex>arabic</xex>, from which it is extracted as

a white, amorphous substance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mucilage, especially that made of gum

arabic.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*bin*ose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A sugar of the composition

<chform>C5H10O5</chform>, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it

with dilute sulphuric acid.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*bism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Arabisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Arabic idiom peculiarly of

language.</def>



<au>Stuart.</au>



<hw>Ar`a*bist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Arabiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One well versed in the Arabic

language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the

Arabic system of surgery.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arable</ets>, L. <ets>arabilis</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets>

to plow, akin to Gr. <?/, E. <ets>ear</ets>, to plow. See

<er>Earable</er>.]</ety> <def>Fit for plowing or tillage; --

hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or

tilled.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Arable land; plow

land.</def>



<hw>Ar"a*by</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The country of

Arabia.</def>   <mark>[Archaic & Poetic]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ar`a*ca*nese"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <def> A native or natives of

Aracan.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8A`ra*<?/a"ri</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird, of the genus

<spn>Pleroglossius</spn>, allied to the toucans. There are

several species.</def>



<hw>A*race"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aracen</ets>, <ets>arasen</ets>, OF. <ets>arachier</ets>,

<ets>esracier</ets>, F. <ets>arracher</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>exradicare</ets>, <ets>eradicare</ets>. The prefix

<ets>a-</ets> is perh. due to L. <ets>ab</ets>. See

<er>Eradicate</er>.]</ety> <def>To tear up by the roots; to draw

away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyatt.</au>



<hw>A*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arum</ets> a genus of plants, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of

which the genus <spn>Arum</spn> is the type.</def>



<hw>A*rach"nid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

arachnidan.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*rach"ni*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the classes of Arthropoda. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<note><hand/ They have four pairs of legs, no antenn\'91 nor

wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill\'91 or palpi.

The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration

is either by tranche\'91 or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The

class includes three principal orders:

<stype><spn>Araneina</spn></stype>, or spiders;

<stype><spn>Arthrogastra</spn></stype>, including scorpions,

etc.; and <stype><spn>Acarina</spn></stype>, or mites and

ticks.</note>



<hw>A*rach"ni*dan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

spider.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

Arachnida.</def>



<hw>Ar`ach*nid"i*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Arachnida.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to the

arachnidium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ach*nid"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Arachnida</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The glandular organ in which the material for the web of

spiders is secreted.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ach*ni"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the

arachnoid membrane.</def>



<hw>A*rach"noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

like a cobweb; <?/ spider, spider's web + <?/ form.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to a thin membrane

of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia

mater.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Covered with, or composed of,

soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb;

cobwebby.</def>



<hw>A*rach"noid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The arachnoid membrane.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

Arachnoidea.</def>



<hw>Ar`ach*noid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane;

arachnoid.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ach*noid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Arachnida</er>.</def>



<hw>A*rach`no*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to arachnology.</def>



<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.</def>



<hw>Ar`ach*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ spider + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The department of

zo\'94logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.</def>



<hw>A`r\'91*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Areometer</er>.</def>



<hw>A*r\'91"o*style</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>araeostylos</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ at intervals + <?/

pillar, column.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>



<hw>A*r\'91`o*sys"tyle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ as intervals + <?/. See <er>Systyle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`a*go*nese</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <def> A native or natives of

Aragon, in Spain.</def></def2>



<hw>A*rag"o*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Aragon</ets>, in Spain.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of

lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of

its physical characters.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`ra*gua"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American monkey,

the ursine howler (<spn>Mycetes ursinus</spn>). See

<er>Howler</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<hw>A*raise""</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

raise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ar"ak</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Arrack</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`a*m\'91an</hw>, <hw>Ar`a*me"an</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Aramaeus</ets>, Gr.

<?/, fr. Heb. <ets>Ar\'bem</ets>, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>.

Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language;

Aramaic.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native of

Aram.</def></def2>



<hw>Ar`a*ma"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aram\'91an</er>, a.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Aram, or to the

territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and

Mesopotamia; Aram\'91an; -- specifically applied to the northern

branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and

Chaldee.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> The Aramaic

language.</def></def2>



<hw>Ar`a*ma"ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idiom of

the Aramaic.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ar`a*ne"i*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Araneina</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*dan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Araneina or

spiders.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of the Araneina;

a spider.</def></def2>



<hw>Ar`a*ne"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aranea</ets> spider + -<ets>form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the form of a spider.</def>



<au>Kirby.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*ra`ne*i"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aranea</ets> spider.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Arachnida that includes

the spiders.</def>



<note><hand/ They have mandibles, modified a poison fa<?/gs,

leglike palpi, simple eyes, abdomen without segments, and

spinnerets for spinning a web. They breathe by pulmonary sacs and

trache\'91 in the abdomen. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</note>



<hw>A*ra"ne*ose`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>araneous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of the aspect of a spider's web;

arachnoid.</def>



<hw>A*ra"ne*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>araneosus</ets>, fr. <ets>aranea</ets> spider, spider's

web.]</ety> <def>Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a

cobweb; <as>as, the <ex>araneous</ex> membrane of the eye</as>.

See <er>Arachnoid</er>.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<-- p. 77  -->



<hw>\'d8A*ran"go</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Arangoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[The native name.]</ety>

<def>A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported

from Bombay for use in the African slave trade.</def>



<au>McCulloch.</au>



<hw>\'d8A`ra*pai"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large

fresh-water food fish of South America.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*ra"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The palm (or great black)

cockatoo, of Australia (<spn>Microglossus aterrimus</spn>).</def>



<hw>A*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aratio</ets>, fr. <ets>arare</ets> to plow.]</ety>

<def>Plowing; tillage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Lands are said to be in a state of <qex>aration</qex> when

they are under tillage.</q>

<qau>Brande.</qau>



<hw>Ar"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>aratorius</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aratoire</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Contributing to tillage.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`au*ca"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Araucania</ets>, a territory south of Chili.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of tall conifers of the pine

family. The species are confined mostly to South America and

Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having

the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the

dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.</def>



<hw>Ar`au*ca"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in

geological history were mostly Araucarian.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"ba*lest</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar"ba*list</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>arbaleste</ets>, LL. <ets>arbalista</ets>, for L.

<ets>arcuballista</ets>; <ets>arcus</ets> bow +

<ets>ballista</ets> a military engine. See

<er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A crossbow,

consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with

a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the

bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>arbalet</asp> and

<asp>arblast</asp>.]</altsp>



<au> Fosbroke.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"ba*lest`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar"ba*list`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>arblastere</ets>, OF. <ets>arbalestier</ets>. See

<er>Arbalest</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbowman.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Speed.</au>



<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbiter</ets>; <ets>ar-</ets> (for <ets>ad</ets>) + the root

of <ets>betere</ets> to go; hence properly, one who comes up to

look on.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person appointed, or chosen,

by parties to determine a controversy between them.</def>



<note><hand/ In modern usage, <xex>arbitrator</xex> is the

technical word.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any person who has the power of judging and

determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of

deciding and governing is not limited.</def>



<q>For Jove is <qex>arbiter</qex> of both to man.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller;

ruler; governor.</syn>



<hw>Ar"bi*ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act as arbiter

between.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>arbitrable</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbitrari</ets>. See

<er>Arbitrate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Capable of being

decided by arbitration; determinable.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ar"bi*trage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>arbiter</ets> to give judgment, L.

<ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Judgment by an

arbiter; authoritative determination.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com)</fld> <def>A traffic in bills of exchange

(see <xex>Arbitration of Exchange</xex>); also, a traffic in

stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different

markets.</def>



<hw>Ar"bi*tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbitralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to an arbiter

or an arbitration.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*bit"ra*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>arbitramentum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Determination;

decision; arbitration.</def>



<q>The <qex>arbitrament</qex> of time.</q>

<qau>Everett.</qau>



<q>Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to

personal <qex>arbitrament</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The award of arbitrators.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.</def>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbitrarius</ets>. See <er>Arbitrary</er>.]</ety>

<def>Arbitrary; despotic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbitrarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>arbitraire</ets>. See <er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed

rules; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex> decision; an

<ex>arbitrary</ex> punishment.</as></def>



<q>It was wholly <qex>arbitrary</qex> in them to do so.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most

<qex>arbitrary</qex> of all things.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exercised according to one's own will or

caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse

the possession of power.</def>



<q><qex>Arbitrary</qex> power is most easily established on the

ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.</q>

<qau>Washington.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law;

harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; <as>as, an <ex>arbitrary</ex>

prince or government</as>.</def>



<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Arbitrary constant</col>, <col>Arbitrary

function</col></mcol> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>a quantity of

function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and

to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the

solution may be made to meet special requirements.</cd> --

<col>Arbitrary quantity</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>, <cd>one to

which any value can be assigned at pleasure.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arbitrated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arbitrating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arbitratus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>arbitrari</ets> to be a hearer or beholder of something,

to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. <ets>arbiter</ets>. See

<er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hear and decide, as

arbitrators; <as>as, to choose to <ex>arbitrate</ex> a disputed

case</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To decide, or determine generally.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<q>There shall your swords and lances <qex>arbitrate</qex>

The swelling difference of your settled hate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ar"bi*trate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To decide; to determine.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act as arbitrator or judge; <as>as, to

<ex>arbitrate</ex> upon several reports;; to <ex>arbitrate</ex>

in disputes among heighbors; to <ex>arbitrate</ex> between

parties to a suit.</as></def>



<hw>Ar`bi*tra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arbitration</ets>, L. <ets>arbitratio</ets>, fr.

<ets>arbitrari</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hearing and determination

of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons

chosen by the parties.</def>



<note><hand/ This may be done by one person; but it is usual to

choose two or three called <xex>arbitrators</xex>; or for each

party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the

<xex>umpire</xex>. Their determination is called the

<xex>award</xex>.</note>



<au>Bouvier</au>



<cs><col>Arbitration bond</col>, <cd>a bond which obliges one to

abide by the award of an arbitration.</cd> -- <col>Arbitration of

Exchange</col>, <cd>the operation of converting the currency of

one country into that of another, or determining the rate of

exchange between such countries or currencies. An <xex>arbitrated

rate<xex> is one determined by such arbitration through the

medium of one or more intervening currencies.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>arbitrari</ets>: cf. F. <ets>arbitrateur</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen

by parties who have a controversy, to determine their

differences. See <er>Arbitration</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has the power of deciding or prescribing

without control; a ruler; a governor.</def>



<q>Though Heaven be shut,

And Heaven's high <qex>Arbitrators</qex> sit secure.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Masters of their own terms and <qex>arbitrators</qex> of a

peace.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See

<er>Judge</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar"bi*tra`trix</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fem. of <ets>arbitrator</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female who

arbitrates or judges.</def>



<hw>Ar"bi*tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Arbiter</er>.]</ety> <def>A female arbiter; an

arbitratrix.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ar"blast</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crossbow.

See <er>Arbalest</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"bor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>herber</ets>, <ets>herbere</ets>, properly a garden of

herbs, F. <ets>herbier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>herbarium</ets>. See

<er>Herb</er>, and cf. <er>Herbarium</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees,

or other plants, for shade; a bower.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Ar"bor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<ets>arbour</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[L., a tree, a beam.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree, as distinguished from

a shrub.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>arbre</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axle or spindle of a

wheel or opinion.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A mandrel in lathe

turning.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<cs><col>Arbor Day</col>, <cd>a day appointed for planting trees

and shrubs.</cd> <mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Ar"bo*ra*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arborarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to trees; arboreal.</def>



<hw>Ar"bo*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>One who plants or who prunes

trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., the tree

of Diana, or silver.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.</def>



<hw>Ar*bo"re*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of

trees.</def>



<au>Cowley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting,

woods or trees; <as>as, <ex>arboreal</ex> animals</as>.</def>



<q>Woodpeckers are eminently <qex>arboreal</qex>.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Ar"bored</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

an arbor; lined with trees.</def> \'bdAn <xex>arboreal</xex>

walk.\'b8



<au>Pollok.</au>



<hw>Ar*bo"re*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arboreous</ets>, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a

proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; <as>as,

<ex>arboreous</ex> moss</as>.</def>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Ar`bo*res"cence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in

minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that

form; <as>as, the <ex>arborescence</ex> produced by precipitating

silver</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`bo*res"cent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arborescens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>arborescere</ets> to

become a tree, fr. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>Resembling

a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having

crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a

tree.</def> \'bd<xex>Arborescent</xex> hollyhocks.\'b8



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Ar"bo*ret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>arboret</ets>, dim. of <ets>arbre</ets> tree, L.

<ets>arbor</ets>]</ety> <def>A small tree or shrub.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Among thick-woven <qex>arborets</qex>, and flowers

Imbordered on each bank.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ar`bo*re"tum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Arboreta</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a place grown

with trees.]</ety> <def>A place in which a collection of rare

trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational

purposes.</def>



<hw>Ar*bor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*bor"i*cole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbor + colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain

birds.</def>



<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to arboriculture.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree + <ets>cultura</ets>. See

<er>Culture</er>.]</ety> <def>The cultivation of trees and

shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.</def>



<hw>Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

cultivates trees.</def>



<hw>Ar*bor"i*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Treelike

in shape.</def>



<hw>Ar"bor*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arboriste</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety>

<def>One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the

knowledge of trees.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Ar`bor*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>arborisation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety>

<def>The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals

or fossils; a dendrite.</def>



<hw>Ar"bor*ized</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

treelike appearance.</def> \'bdAn <xex>arborized</xex> or moss

agate.\'b8



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ar"bor*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed by

trees.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>From under shady, <qex>arborous</qex> roof.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Ar"bor vine`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A species of

bindweed.</def>



<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original -->

<hw>\'d8Ar"bor vi"t\'91</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., tree of

life.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen tree

of the cypress tribe, genus <spn>Thuja</spn>. The American

species is the <spn>T. occidentalis</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The treelike disposition of

the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a

vertical section.</def>



<hw>Ar"bus*cle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbuscula</ets> small tree, shrub, dim. of <ets>arbor</ets>

tree.]</ety> <def>A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a

tree; a treelike shrub.</def>



<au>Bradley.</au>



<hw>Ar*bus"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.</def>



<au>Da Costa.</au>



<hw>Ar*bus"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arbustivus</ets>, fr. <ets>arbustum</ets> place where trees

are planted.]</ety> <def>Containing copses of trees or shrubs;

covered with shrubs.</def>



<au>Bartram.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"bu*tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar"bute</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>arbutus</ets>,

akin to <ets>arbor</ets> tree.]</ety> <def>The strawberry tree, a

genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry

externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.</def>



<cs><col>Trailing arbutus</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a creeping

or trailing plant of the Heath family <spn>(Epig\'91a

repens)</spn>, having white or usually rose-colored flowers with

a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and

appearing early in the spring; in New England known as

<altname>mayflower</altname>; -- called also <altname>ground

laurel</altname>.</cd></cs>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Arc</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>arc</ets>,

L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arc. See <er>Arch</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A

portion of a curved line; <as>as, the <ex>arc</ex> of a circle or

of an ellipse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an

arch; <as>as, the colored <ex>arc</ex> (the rainbow); the

<ex>arc</ex> of Hadley's quadrant.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An arch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Statues and trophies, and triumphal <qex>arcs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The apparent arc described, above or below the

horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The <xex>diurnal

arc</xex> is described during the daytime, the <xex>nocturnal

arc</xex> during the night.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Electric arc</col>, <col>Voltaic arc</col></mcol>. 

<cd>See under <er>Voltaic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*cade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arcade</ets>, Sp. <ets>arcada</ets>, LL. <ets>arcata</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow, arch.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A series of arches with the

columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and

other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an

entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in

the cut) and forming a decorative feature.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A long, arched building or gallery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An arched or covered passageway or avenue.</def>



<hw>Ar*cad"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with an arcade.</def>



<hw>Ar*ca"di*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Arcadia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of

the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment

and rural happiness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and

untroubled quiet.</def>



<q>Where the cow is, there is <qex>Arcadia</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Burroughs.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*ca"di*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*ca"dic</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>Arcadius</ets>,

<ets>Arcadicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Arcadia</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>Arcadien</ets>, <ets>Arcadique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; <as>as,

<ex>Arcadian</ex> simplicity or scenery</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar*cane"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcanus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hidden; secret.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>arcane</xex> part of divine

wisdom.\'b8



<au>Berkeley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar*ca"num</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Arcana</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>arcanus</ets> closed, secret, fr. <ets>arca</ets> chest,

box, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose. See <er>Ark</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the

plural.</def>



<q>Inquiries into the <qex>arcana</qex> of the Godhead.</q>

<qau>Warburton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A secret remedy; an

elixir.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Arc`*bou`tant"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A flying buttress.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Arch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arche</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arca</ets>, for <ets>arcus</ets>.

See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>Any

part of a curved line.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Usually a curved

member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints

between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve;

used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In

this sense arches are <xex>segmental</xex>, <xex>round</xex> (i.

e., semicircular), or <xex>pointed</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into

wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising

in a curve.</def>



<note><hand/ Scientifically considered, the arch is a means of

spanning an opening by resolving vertical pressure into

horizontal or diagonal thrust.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any place covered by an arch; an archway;

<as>as, to pass into the <ex>arch</ex> of a bridge</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any curvature in the form of an arch; <as>as,

the <ex>arch</ex> of the aorta</as>.</def>  \'bdColors of the

showery <xex>arch</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>Triumphal arch</col>, <cd>a monumental structure

resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected

to commemorate a triumph.</cd></cs>



<hw>Arch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Arched</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with an

arch or arches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or bend into the shape of an arch.</def>



<q>The horse <qex>arched</qex> his neck.</q>

<qau>Charlesworth.</qau>



<hw>Arch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form into an arch; to

curve.</def>



<-- p. 78  -->



<hw>Arch-</hw> <pr>(\'84rch-, except in <xex>archangel</xex> and

one or two other words)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>arch-</ets>, Gr.

<?/<?/<?/. See <er>Arch-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix signifying

<it>chief</it>, as in <xex>arch</xex>builder,

<xex>arch</xex>fiend.</def>



<hw>Arch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arch-</er>, pref.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Chief; eminent;

greatest; principal.</def>



<q>The most <qex>arch</qex> act of piteous massacre.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish;

<as>as, an <ex>arch</ex> look, word, lad</as>.</def>



<q>[He] spoke his request with so <qex>arch</qex> a leer.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<hw>Arch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My worthy <qex>arch</qex> and patron comes to-night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>*arch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ chief, commander, <?/

to rule. See <er>Arch</er>, <ets>a</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix

meaning <xex>a ruler</xex>, as in mon<xex>arch</xex> (a sole

ruler).</def>



<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

ancient, fr. <?/ beginning.]</ety> <def>Ancient; pertaining to

the earliest period in geological history.</def>



<hw>Ar*ch\'91"an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The

earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower

Silurian. It includes an <xex>Azoic</xex> age, previous to the

appearance of life, and an <xex>Eozoic</xex> age, including the

earliest forms of life.</def>



<note><hand/ This is equivalent to the formerly accepted term

<xex>Azoic</xex>, and to the <xex>Eozoic</xex> of Dawson.</note>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.</def>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ pertaining to a stone.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the earliest

Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the

Paleolithic age.</def>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

arch\'91ologist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw>

<def>Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; <as>as,

<ex>arch\'91ological</ex> researches</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ ancient (fr. <?/ beginning) + <?/ discourse, <?/ to

speak.]</ety> <def>The science or study of antiquities, esp.

prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or

monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other

relics, written manuscripts, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ wing.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having

a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each

side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian

characteristics.</def>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ ancient + <?/ mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely

up.</def>



<hw>Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ ancient + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like

or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.</def>



<hw>Ar*cha"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

old-fashioned, fr. <?/ ancient.]</ety> <def>Of or characterized

by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.</def>



<hw>Ar*cha"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Archaic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Ar*cha"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"cha*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ ancient, fr. <?/ beginning: cf. F.

<ets>archa\'8bsme</ets>. See <er>Arch</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word,

expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in

common use.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.</def>



<q>A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of

<qex>archaism</qex> and remoteness from ordinary use) to our

Scriptural vocabulary.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ar"cha*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Am

antiquary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who uses archaisms.</def>



<hw>Ar`cha*is"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like, or

imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.</def>



<hw>Ar"cha*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Archaized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Archaizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>To

make appear archaic or antique.</def>



<au>Mahaffy.</au>



<hw>Arch`an"gel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archangelus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>archangel</ets>, F.

<ets>archange</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>, pref., and

<er>Angel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chief angel; one high

in the celestial hierarchy.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A term applied to several

different species of plants <spn>(Angelica archangelica, Lamium

album, etc.)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Arch`an*gel"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>archang\'82lique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Arch`bish"op</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>arcebisceop</ets>, <ets>arcebiscop</ets>, L.

<ets>archiepiscopus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See

<er>Bishop</er>.]</ety> <def>A chief bishop; a church dignitary

of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who

superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his

province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own

diocese.</def>



<hw>Arch`bish"op*ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>arcebiscopr\'c6ce</ets>. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety> <def>The

jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over

which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.</def>



<hw>Arch" brick`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A wedge-shaped brick

used in the building of an arch.</def>



<hw>Arch`but"ler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>butler</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief butler;

-- an officer of the German empire.</def>



<hw>Arch`cham"ber*lain</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

G. <ets>erzk\'84mmerer</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chamberlain; -- an officer

of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the

great chamberlain in England.</def>



<hw>Arch`chan"cel*lor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Ger. <ets>erzkanzler</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief chancellor; -- an officer in

the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the

court.</def>



<hw>Arch`chem"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of supreme

chemical powers.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>archchemic</xex> sun.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Arch`dea"con</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>arcediacon</ets>, <ets>archidiacon</ets>, L.

<ets>archidiaconus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>., <ets>and</ets> <er>Deacon</er>.]</ety> <def>In

England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a

bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with

independent authority.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Arch`dea"con*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The district,

office, or residence of an archdeacon. See

<er>Benefice</er>.</def>



<q>Every diocese is divided into <qex>archdeaconries</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Arch`dea"con*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of an

archdeacon.</def>



<hw>Arch`di"o*cese</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>diocese</ets>.]</ety> <def>The diocese of

an archbishop.</def>



<hw>Arch`du"cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.</def>



<hw>Arch`duch"ess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duchess</ets>.]</ety> <def>The consort of

an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria.

See <er>Archduke</er>.</def>



<hw>Arch`duch"y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The territory of an

archduke or archduchess.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Arch`duke"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>duke</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prince of the

imperial family of Austria.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly this title was assumed by the rulers of

Lorraine, Brabant, Austria, etc. It is now appropriated to the

descendants of the imperial family of Austria through the make

line, all such male descendants being styled <xex>archduke</xex>,

and all such female descendants <xex>archduchesses</xex>.</note>



<hw>Arch`duke"dom</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

archduchy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`che*bi*o"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>arche- <?/ archi-</ets> + Gr. <?/, <?/,

life.]</ety> <def>To origination of living matter from

non-living. See <er>Abiogenesis</er>.</def>



<au>Bastian.</au>



<hw>Arched</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made with an

arch or curve; covered with an arch; <as>as, an <ex>arched</ex>

door</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`che*go"ni*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the archegonium.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`che*go"ni*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ the first of a race.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pistillidium or female organ in the

higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in

flowering plants.</def>



<hw>Ar*cheg"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Archegonium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous

generation; abiogenesis.</def>



<hw>Ar*chel"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

an element or first principle + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science of, or a treatise on, first principles.</def>



<au>Fleming.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`chen*ceph"a*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/ the brain.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division that includes man

alone.</def>



<au>R. Owen.</au>



<hw>Arch`en"e*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>enemy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A principal

enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Arch`en*ter"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the archenteron; <as>as,

<ex>archenteric</ex> invagination</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Arch`en"ter*on</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + Gr. <?/ intestine.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a

gastrula or other embryo. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Invagination</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ar`che*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Ar`che*o*log`ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> </mhw>

<def>Same as <er>Arch\'91ology</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>Arch"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>archier</ets>, F. <ets>archer</ets>, LL.

<ets>arcarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. See

<er>Arc</er>, <er>Arch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A bowman,

one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.</def>



<hw>Arch"er*ess</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

archer.</def>



<au>Markham.</au>



<hw>Arch"er fish`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small fish <spn>(Toxotes jaculator)</spn>, of the East Indies; --

so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its

prey. The name is also applied to <spn>Ch\'91todon

rostratus</spn>.</def>



<hw>Arch"er*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or skill of an

archer.</def>



<hw>Arch"er*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>archerie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The use of the bow

and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill

of shooting with a bow and arrows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Archers, or bowmen, collectively.</def>



<q>Let all our <qex>archery</qex> fall off

In wings of shot a-both sides of the van.</q>

<qau>Webster (1607).</qau>



<hw>Arch"es</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <def>pl. of <er>Arch</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Court of arches</col>, or <col>Arches

Court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>the court of appeal

of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as

deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the

<xex>Arches<xex>, because he anciently held his court in the

church of St. Mary-<xex>le-Bow (de arcubus)</xex>. It is now held

in Westminster.</cd></cs>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or

pattern; original.</def> \'bdOne <xex>archetypal</xex> mind.\'b8



<au>Gudworth.</au>



<note><hand/ Among Platonists, the <xex>archetypal world</xex> is

the world as it existed as an idea of God before the

creation.</note>



<hw>Ar"che*ty`pal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With reference to

the archetype; originally. \'bdParts <xex>archetypally</xex>

distinct.\'bd</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>Ar"che*type</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archetypum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ stamped first and as

model; <?/ <?/ + <?/ stamp, figure, pattern, <?/ to strike: cf.

F. <ets>arch\'82type</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The original pattern or

model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or

formed.</def>



<q>The House of Commons, the <qex>archetype</qex> of all the

representative assemblies which now meet.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Types and shadows of that glorious <qex>archetype</qex> that

was to come into the world.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Coinage)</fld> <def>The standard weight or coin

by which others are adjusted.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The plan or fundamental

structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their

systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; <as>as,

the vertebrate <ex>archetype</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`che*typ"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to an archetype; archetypal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*che"us</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>arch<?/us</ets>, Gr. <?/ ancient, primeval, fr. <?/

beginning. See <er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians)

presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the

<xex>anima mundi</xex> or plastic power of the old

philosophers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ar"chi-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L., <ets>archi-</ets>, Gr.

<?/, a prefix which is from the same root as <?/ to be first, to

begin; <?/ the first place, beginning; <?/ chief. Cf. AS.

<ets>arce-</ets>, <ets>erce-</ets>, OHG. <ets>erzi</ets>-.]</ety>

<def>A prefix signifying <xex>chief</xex>, <xex>arch</xex>;

<as>as, <ex>archi</ex>tect, <ex>archi</ex>episcopal</as>. In

<xex>Biol</xex>. and <xex>Anat</xex>. it usually means

<xex>primitive</xex>, <xex>original</xex>, <xex>ancestral</xex>;

<as>as, <ex>archi</ex>pterygium, the primitive fin or

wing</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>annelida</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Annelida remarkable for

having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve

ganglions.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*a`ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archiatrus</ets>, Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ + <?/ physician, <?/ to

heal.]</ety> <def>Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the

continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes

and to the first physician of some cities.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`chi*blas"tu*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>archi + blastula</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A hollow blastula, supposed to be the

primitive form; a c<?/loblastula.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

able to govern, fr. <?/ beginning, government. See

<er>Arch-</er>, <pos>pref.</pos>]</ety> <def>Chief; primary;

primordial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archidiaconus</ets>, Gr. <?/, equiv. to E.

<ets>archdeacon</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an

archdeacon.</def>



<q>This offense is liable to be censured in an

<qex>archidiaconal</qex> visitation.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopacy</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That form of episcopacy in which the chief power

is in the hands of archbishops.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state or dignity of an archbishop.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopal</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to an archbishop; <as>as, Canterbury is an

<ex>archiepiscopal</ex> see</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The station or dignity of an archbishop;

archiepiscopacy.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>episcopate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*chi"e*rey</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>archier\'82i</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E.

<ets>arch-</ets>) + \'b5 priest.]</ety> <def>The higher order of

clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and

bishops.</def>



<au>Pinkerton.</au>



<hw>Ar"chil</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>orchel</ets>, <ets>orcheil</ets>, It. <ets>orcella</ets>,

<ets>oricello</ets>, or OSp. <ets>orchillo</ets>. Cf.

<er>Orchil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A violet dye obtained

from several species of lichen <spn>(Roccella tinctoria,

etc.)</spn>, which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape

Verd Islands, etc.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The plant from which the dye is obtained.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>orchal</asp> and

<asp>orchil</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ar`chi*lo"chi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Archilochius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

satiric Greek poet Archilochus; <as>as, <ex>Archilochian</ex>

meter</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"chi*mage</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Ar`chi*ma"gus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.; pref. <ets>archi-</ets> + L. <ets>magus</ets>, Gr.

<?/, a Magian.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The high priest of the

Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar`chi*man"drite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archimandrita</ets>, LGr. <?/; pref. <?/ (E.

<ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a

fold, a monastery.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Church)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A chief of a monastery, corresponding to <xex>abbot</xex> in

the Roman Catholic church.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to

<xex>superior abbot</xex>, or <xex>father provincial</xex>, in

the Roman Catholic church.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*me*de"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Archimedeus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the

principle of Archimedes' screw; <as>as, <ex>Archimedean</ex>

drill, propeller, etc.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Archimedean screw</col>, or <col>Archimedes'

screw</col></mcol>, <cd>an instrument, said to have been invented

by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible

tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is

placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in

water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to

the upper end.</cd></cs>



<au>Francis.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`chi*me"des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An extinct genus of Bryzoa

characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of

a screw.</def>



<hw>Arch"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The arched part of a structure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hogging; -- opposed to

<xex>sagging</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an archipelago.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*pel"a*go</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-goes</plw> or <plw>-gos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.

<ets>arcipelago</ets>, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref <?/ + <?/

sea, perh. akin to <?/ blow, and expressing the beating of the

waves. See <er>Plague</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea,

separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast

number of small islands.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water

interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.</def>



<-- p. 79  -->



<hw>\'d8Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ (E. <ets>arch-</ets>) + <?/ wing,

fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The primitive form of fin,

like that of Ceratodus.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*tect</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>architectus</ets>, <ets>architecton</ets>, Gr. <?/ chief

artificer, master builder; pref. <?/ (E. <ets>archi-</ets>) + <?/

workman, akin to <?/ art, skill, <?/ to produce: cf. F.

<ets>architecte</ets>, It. <ets>architetto</ets>. See

<er>Technical</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person skilled in

the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes

it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to

superintend the artificers employed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A contriver, designer, or maker.</def>



<q>The <qex>architects</qex> of their own happiness.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A French woman is a perfect <qex>architect</qex> in dress.</q>

<qau>Coldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Used in

building; proper for building.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>architectonicus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See

<er>Architect</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a

master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing

or construction; constructive.</def> \'bd<xex>Architectonic</xex>

wisdom.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<q>These <qex>architectonic</qex> functions which we had hitherto

thought belonged.</q>

<qau>J. C. Shairp.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>architectonique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science

of architecture.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of arranging knowledge into a

system.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The science of

architecture.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

architect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>North.</au>



<hw>Ar"chi*tec`tress</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

female architect.</def>



<hw>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of

architecture.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"chi*tec`ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>architectura</ets>, fr. <ets>architectus</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>architecture</ets>. See <er>Architect</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The art or science of building; especially, the

art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures,

for the purposes of civil life; -- often called <xex>civil

architecture</xex>.</def>



<q>Many other <qex>architectures</qex> besides Gothic.</q>

<qau>Ruskin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Construction, in a more general sense; frame or

structure; workmanship.</def>



<q>The <qex>architecture</qex> of grasses, plants, and trees.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<q>The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine

<qex>architecture</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burnet.</qau>



<cs><col>Military architecture</col>, <cd>the art of

fortifications.</cd> -- <col>Naval architecture</col>, <cd>the

art of building ships.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ar`chi*teu"this</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. pref. <?/ + <?/, <?/, a kind of squid.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of gigantic cephalopods,

allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about

New Zealand.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*trave</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>architrave</ets>, fr. It. <ets>architrave</ets>; pref.

<ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>trave</ets> beam, L.

<ets>trabs</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests

immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See

<er>Column</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The group of moldings,

or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door

or other opening, especially if square in form.</def>



<hw>Ar"chi*traved</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with an architrave.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ar"chi*val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or contained in, archives or records.</def>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<hw>Ar"chive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Archives</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>archives</ets>, pl., L. <ets>archivum</ets>,

<ets>archium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ government house, <?/ <?/

archives, fr. <?/ the first place, government. See

<er>Archi-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<plu>pl</plu>. <def>The place in which public records or historic

documents are kept.</def>



<q>Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid

up in his <qex>archives</qex> as witnesses.</q>

<qau>Gov. of Tongue.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Public records or documents

preserved as evidence of facts; <as>as, the <ex>archives</ex> of

a country or family</as>.</def>



<mark>[Rarely used in <xex>sing</xex>.]</mark>



<q>Some rotten <qex>archive</qex>, rummaged out of some seldom

explored press.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.</syn>



<hw>Ar"chi*vist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>archiviste</ets>.]</ety> <def>A keeper of archives or

records.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"chi*volt</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>archivolte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>archivolto</ets>; pref.

<ets>archi-</ets> + <ets>volto</ets> vault, arch. See

<er>Vault</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch,

corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square

opening.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>More commonly, the molding or

other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an

arch is charged.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Arch"lute</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Arch"i*lute</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>archiluth</ets>, It. <ets>arciliuto</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A large theorbo, or double-necked lute,

formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave,

and the higher strings with a unison.</def>



<hw>Arch"ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an arch

manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly;

waggishly.</def>



<q><qex>Archly</qex> the maiden smiled.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Arch`mar"shal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>erzmarschall</ets>. See <er>Arch-</er>,

<ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>The grand marshal of the old German

empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.</def>



<hw>Arch"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being arch;

cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Ar"chon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>archon</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr.

of <?/ to be first, to rule.]</ety> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One

of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by

pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>Ar*chon"tic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"chon*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of an

archon.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Ar"chon*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>archontat</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archon's term of

office.</def>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<hw>Ar"chonts</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<ets>p</ets>. <ets>pr</ets>. See <er>Archon</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The group including man alone.</def>



<hw>Arch`prel"ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>prelate</ets>.]</ety> <def>An archbishop

or other chief prelate.</def>



<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Archpriest</er>.</def>



<hw>Arch`pres"by*ter*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>presbutery</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The absolute dominion of presbytery.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Arch`priest"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chief

priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.</def>



<hw>Arch`pri"mate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>primate</ets>.]</ety> <def>The chief

primate.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Arch" stone`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A wedge-shaped stone

used in an arch; a voussoir.</def>



<hw>Arch`trai"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>traitor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A chief or

transcendent traitor.</def>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<hw>Arch`treas"ur*er</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>treasurer</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the

German empire.</def>



<hw>Arch"way</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A way or

passage under an arch.</def>



<hw>Arch`wife"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>arch-</ets> + <ets>wife</ets>.]</ety> <def>A big, masculine

wife.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Arch"wise</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Arch-shaped.</def>



<hw>Arch"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Arched; <as>as,

<ex>archy</ex> brows</as>.</def>



<hw>*ar"chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ chief. See

<er>Arch-</er>, <ets>pref</ets>.]</ety> <def>A suffix properly

meaning <xex>a rule</xex>, <xex>ruling</xex>, as in

mon<xex>archy</xex>, the rule of one only. Cf.

<er>-arch</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"ci*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcus</ets> bow + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of an arch; curved.</def>



<hw>Arc"o*graph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcus</ets> (E. <ets>arc</ets>) + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<def>An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of

a central point; a cyclograph.</def>



<hw>Arc*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arctus</ets> shut in, narrow, p. p. of <ets>arcere</ets> to

shut in: cf. F. <ets>arctation</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in

constipation from inflammation.</def>



<hw>Arc"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>artik</ets>, OF. <ets>artique</ets>, F. <ets>arctique</ets>,

L. <ets>arcticus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a bear, also a

northern constellation so called; akin to L. <ets>ursus</ets>

bear, Skr. <?/ksha.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or situated under,

the northern constellation called the <xex>Bear</xex>; northern;

frigid; <as>as, the <ex>arctic</ex> pole, circle, region, ocean;

an <ex>arctic</ex> expedition, night, temperature.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>arctic</xex> circle is a lesser circle,

parallel to the equator, 23<deg/ 28\'b7  from the north pole.

This and the <it>antarctic</it> circle are called the <it>polar

circles</it>, and between these and the poles lie the frigid

zones. See <er>Zone</er>.</note>



<hw>Arc"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The arctic

circle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A warm waterproof overshoe.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Arc*tis"ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

group of Arachnida. See <xex>Illust</xex>. in Appendix.</def>



<hw>Arc`to*ge"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the north + <?/, <?/, country.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to arctic lands; <as>as, the

<ex>arctogeal</ex> fauna</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Arc*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ bear + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of the Carnivora, that

includes the bears, weasels, etc.</def>



<hw>Arc*tu"rus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Arcturus</ets>, Gr. <?/ bearward, equiv. to <?/; <?/ bear +

<?/ ward, guard. See <er>Arctic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation

Bo\'94tes.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Arcturus</xex> has sometimes been incorrectly

used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa

Major.</note>



<q>Canst thou guide <qex>Arcturus</qex> with his sons [Rev. Ver.:

\'bdthe Bear with her train\'b8].</q>

<qau>Job xxxviii. 32.</qau>



<hw>Arc"u*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an arc.</def>



<cs><col>Arcual measure of an angle</col> <fld>(Math.)</fld>,

<cd>that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to

the radius of the circle.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Arc"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Arc"u*a`ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>(#), }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcuatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arcuare</ets> to shape like a

bow, fr. <ets>arcus</ets>. See <er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>Bent or

curved in the form of a bow.</def>  \'bd<xex>Arcuate</xex>

stalks.\'b8



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Arc"u*ate*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the

form of a bow.</def>



<hw>Arc`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcuatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of bending

or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent;

crookedness.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>A mode of propagating trees

by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots

with earth; layering.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>Ar"cu*ba*list</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arbalist</er>.]</ety> <def>A crossbow.</def>



<au>Fosbroke.</au>



<hw>Ar`cu*bal"ist*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arcuballistarius</ets>. Cf. <er>Arbalister</er>.]</ety>

<def>A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Ar"cu*bus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Arquebus</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>-ard</hw>, <hw>-art</hw></mhw>. <def>The termination of

many English words; <as>as, <ex>cow</ex>ard, reyn<ex>ard</ex>,

drunk<ex>ard</ex>, mostly from the French, in which language this

ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English

<xex>hard</xex>.</as> It usually has the sense of <xex>one who

has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the

root</xex>; <as>as, bragg<ex>art</ex>,

slugg<ex>ard</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*das"sine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

(cf. Sp. <ets>ardacina</ets>), fr. <ets>ardasse</ets> a kind of

silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. <ets>ardan</ets> a kind of raw

silk.]</ety> <def>A very fine sort of Persian silk.</def>



<hw>Ar"den*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Heat.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Warmth of passion or affection; ardor;

vehemence; eagerness; <as>as, the <ex>ardency</ex> of love or

zeal</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"dent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ardaunt</ets>, F. <ets>ardant</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>arder</ets> to burn, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning;

fiery; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex> spirits, that is, distilled

liquors; an <ex>ardent</ex> fever.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the appearance or quality of fire;

fierce; glowing; shining; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex>

eyes</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Warm, applied to the passions and affections;

passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; <as>as, <ex>ardent</ex>

love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper</as>.</def>



<q>An <qex>ardent</qex> and impetuous race.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce;

vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate;

affectionate.</syn>



<hw>Ar"dent*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately;

passionately.</def>



<hw>Ar"dent*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ardency.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"dor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ardor</ets>, fr. <ets>ardere</ets> to burn: cf. OF.

<ets>ardor</ets>, <ets>ardur</ets>, F. <ets>ardeur</ets>.]</ety>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>ardour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Heat, in a literal sense; <as>as, the <ex>ardor</ex> of the

sun's rays</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Warmth or heat of passion or affection;

eagerness; zeal; <as>as, he pursues study with <ex>ardor</ex>;

the fought with <ex>ardor</ex>; martial

<ex>ardor</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Bright and effulgent spirits;

seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See

<er>Fervor</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar"du*ous</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arduus</ets> steep, high; akin to Ir. <ets>ard</ets> high,

height.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Steep and lofty, in a literal

sense; hard to climb.</def>



<q>Those <qex>arduous</qex> pats they trod.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attended with great labor, like the ascending of

acclivities; difficult; laborious; <as>as, an <ex>arduous</ex>

employment, task, or enterprise</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful;

exhausting.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Arduous</er>, <er>Hard</er>,

<er>Difficult</er>. <xex>Hard</xex> is simpler, blunter, and more

general in sense than <xex>difficult</xex>; <as>as, a

<ex>hard</ex> duty to perform, <ex>hard</ex> work, a

<ex>hard</ex> task, one which requires much bodily effort and

perseverance to do</as>. <xex>Difficult</xex> commonly implies

more skill and sagacity than <xex>hard</xex>, as when there is

disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be

<xex>hard</xex> but not <xex>difficult</xex>. We call a thing

<xex>arduous</xex> when it requires strenuous and persevering

exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; <as>as,

an <ex>arduous</ex> task, an <ex>arduous</ex> duty</as>. \'bdIt

is often <xex>difficult</xex> to control our feelings; it is

still <xex>harder</xex> to subdue our will; but it is an

<xex>arduous</xex> undertaking to control the unruly and

contending will of others.\'b8</usage>



<hw>Ar"du*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an arduous manner;

with difficulty or laboriousness.</def>



<hw>Ar"du*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

arduous; difficulty of execution.</def>



<hw>Ar"du*rous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Burning;

ardent.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Lo! further on,

Where flames the <qex>arduous</qex> Spirit of Isidore.</q>

<qau>Cary.</qau>



<hw>Are</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[AS. (Northumbrian)

<ets>aron</ets>, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel.

<ets>erum</ets>, Goth. <ets>sijum</ets>, L. <ets>sumus</ets>, Gr.

<?/, Skr. <ets>smas</ets>; all from a root <ets>as</ets>. <?/ See

<er>Am</er> and <er>Is</er>, and cf. <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The

present indicative plural of the substantive verb to

<xex>be</xex>; but etymologically a different word from

<xex>be</xex>, or <xex>was</xex>. <xex>Am</xex>, <xex>art</xex>,

<xex>are</xex>, and <xex>is</xex>, all come from the root

<xex>as</xex>.</def>



<hw>Are</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>area</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Metric

system)</fld> <def>The unit of superficial measure, being a

square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square

meters, or about 119.6 square yards.</def>



<hw>A"re*a</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Areas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>area</ets> a

broad piece of level gro<?/<?/<?/. Cf. <er>Are</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any plane surface, as of

the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an

inclosure; an open space in a building.</def>



<q>The Alban lake . . . looks like the <qex>area</qex> of some

vast amphitheater.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The inclosed space on which a building

stands.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The sunken space or court, giving ingress and

affording light to the basement of a building.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's

surface; a region; <as>as, vast uncultivated

<ex>areas</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The superficial contents of

any figure; the surface included within any given lines;

superficial extent; <as>as, the <ex>area</ex> of a square or a

triangle</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A spot or small marked space;

<as>as, the germinative <ex>area</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Extent; scope; range; <as>as, a wide

<ex>area</ex> of thought</as>.</def>



<q>The largest <qex>area</qex> of human history and man's common

nature.</q>

<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>



<cs><col>Dry area</col>. <cd>See under <er>Dry</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*read"</hw>, <hw>A*reed"</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>areden</ets>, AS.

<ets>\'ber<?/dan</ets> to interpret. See <er>Read</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to

divine; to guess; <as>as, to <ex>aread</ex> a riddle or a

dream</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Therefore more plain <qex>aread</qex> this doubtful case.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To read.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.</def>



<q>But mark what I <qex>aread</qex> thee now. Avaunt!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To decree; to adjudge.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Ld. Lytton.</au>



<hw>A"re*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>arealis</ets>, fr. <ets>area</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to an area; <as>as, <ex>areal</ex> interstices (the

areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of

leaves)</as>.</def>



<hw>A*rear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'ber<?/ran</ets>. See <er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To raise;

to set up; to stir up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*rear"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Arrear</er>,

<ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>Backward; in or to the rear;

behindhand.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*re"ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Canarese

<ets>adiki</ets>: cf. Pg. & Sp. <ets>areca</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of palms, one species of which

produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India

with the leaf of the <spn>Piper Betle</spn> and lime.</def>



<hw>A*reek"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>reek</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a reeking

condition.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Ar`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arefacere</ets> to dry.]</ety> <def>The act of drying, or

the state of growing dry.</def>



<q>The <qex>arefaction</qex> of the earth.</q>

<qau>Sir M. Hale.</qau>



<hw>Ar"e*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arere</ets> to be dry + <ets>-fly</ets>.]</ety> <def>To dry,

or make dry.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*re"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Arenas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; L. <plw>Aren\'91</plw></plu>

<pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>arena</ets>, <ets>harena</ets>, sand,

a sandy place.] <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>The

area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the

gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called

because it was covered with sand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any place of public contest or exertion; any

sphere of action; <as>as, the <ex>arena</ex>of debate; the

<ex>arena</ex> of life.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>\'bdSand\'b8 or \'bdgravel\'b8

in the kidneys.</def>



<hw>Ar`e*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety>

<def>Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand;

easily disintegrating into sand; friable; <as>as,

<ex>arenaceous</ex> limestone</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`e*na"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arenarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety>

<def>Sandy; <as>as, <ex>arenarious</ex> soil</as>.</def>



<-- p. 80  -->



<hw>Ar`e*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arenatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A sand bath; application of hot sand to

the body.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`en*da"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>arendator</ets>, <ets>arrendator</ets>, fr.

<ets>arendare</ets>, <ets>arrendare</ets>, to pay rent, fr.

<ets>arenda</ets> yearly rent; <ets>ad + renda</ets>, F.

<ets>rente</ets>, E. <ets>rent</ets>. Cf. <er>Arrentation</er>

and <er>Rent</er>.]</ety> <def>In some provinces of Russia, one

who farms the rents or revenues.</def>



<note><hand/ A person who rents an estate belonging to the crown

is called <xex>crown arendator</xex>.</note>



<au>Tooke.</au>



<mhw><hw>\'d8A*reng"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8A*ren"ga</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Malayan.]</ety> <def>A palm tree (<spn>Saguerus

saccharifer</spn>) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for

ropes; the gomuti palm.</def>



<hw>Ar`e*nic"o*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arena</ets> sand + <ets>colere</ets> to cherish or

live.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An ancient wormhole in

sand, preserved in the rocks.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>A*ren`i*lit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arena</ets> sand + Gr. <?/ stone.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to sandstone; <as>as, <ex>arenilitic</ex>

mountains</as>.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<hw>Ar"e*nose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arenosus</ets>, fr. <ets>arena</ets> sand.]</ety>

<def>Sandy; full of sand.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>A*ren"u*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arenula</ets> fine sand, dim. of <ets>arena</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Full of fine sand; like sand.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*re"o*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Areol\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>areola</ets>, dim. of <ets>area</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ar\'82ole</ets>. See <er>Area</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the

surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers

composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the

nervures of an insect's wing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat. & Med.)</fld> <def>The colored ring

around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.</def>



<hw>A*re"o*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or

areol\'91.</def>



<cs><col>reolar tissue</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a form of

fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely

arranged with numerous spaces, or areol\'91, between

them.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*re"o*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*re"o*la*ted</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>areola</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ar\'82ole</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into small spaces or

areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or

the receptacle of compound flowers.</def>



<hw>A`re*o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Division into areol\'91.</def>



<au>Dana.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any small space, bounded by some part different

in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of

the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an

areola.</def>



<hw>A"re*ole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Areola</er>.</def>



<hw>A*re"o*let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of L.

<ets>areola</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of

insects, circumscribed by the veins.</def>



<hw>A`re*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ <?/<?/in, rare + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>ar\'82om\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An

instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form

hydrometer.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`re*o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`re*o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.</def>



<hw>A`re*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

thin, rare + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or process of

measuring the specific gravity of fluids.</def>



<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Areopagite</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Areopagites</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A member of the

Areopagus.</def>



<au>Acts xvii. 34.</au>



<hw>Ar`e*op`a*git"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Areopagiticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to the

Areopagus.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>Ar`e*op"a*gus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/, and

<?/ <?/, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).]</ety> <def>The highest

judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill.

Hence, any high court or tribunal</def>



<hw>A*re"o*style</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Intercolumniation</er>, and <er>Ar\'91ostyle</er>.</def>



<hw>A*re`o*sys"tyle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>See <er>Intercolumniation</er>, and

<er>Ar\'91osystyle</er>.</def>



<hw>A*rere"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Arear</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ellis.</au>



<hw>A*rest"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A support for

the spear when couched for the attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*ret"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aretten</ets>, OF. <ets>areter</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + OF. <ets>reter</ets>, L. <ets>reputare</ets>.

See <er>Repute</er>.]</ety> <def>To reckon; to ascribe; to

impute.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ar`e*ta"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

virtue.]</ety> <def>The ethical theory which excludes all

relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; --

contrasted with <xex>eudemonics</xex>.</def>



<au>J. Grote.</au>



<hw>Ar`e*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ virtue + <?/ discourse, <?/ to speak: cf. F.

<ets>ar\'82tologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of moral

philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of

attaining to it.</def>



<hw>A*rew"</hw>. <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Arow</er>,

<er>Row</er>.]</ety> <def>In a row.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdAll her teeth <xex>arew</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar"gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Crude tartar.

See <er>Argol</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gal</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>A ludicrous corruption of

the Latin word <xex>ergo</xex>, therefore.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ar"gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ar"ga*li</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Mongolian.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild sheep (<spn>Ovis

ammon</spn>, or <spn>O. argali</spn>), remarkable for its large

horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central

Asia.</def>



<note><hand/ The bearded argali is the aoudad. See

<er>Aoudad</er>. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of

the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Bighorn</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Ar"ga*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The adjutant bird.</def>



<hw>Ar"gand lamp`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Named from the

inventor, Aim\'82 <ets>Argand</ets> of Geneva.]</ety> <def>A lamp

with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a

current of air both inside and outside of the flame.</def>



<cs><col>Argand burner</col>, <cd>a burner for an Argand lamp, or

a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is

applied.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ar"gas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A genus of

venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian

Argas, also called <xex>Miana bug</xex>, is <spn>A.

Persicus</spn>; that of Central America, called <xex>talaje</xex>

by the natives, is <spn>A. Talaje</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ar*ge"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the ship Argo. See <er>Argo</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>argent</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets>, silver; akin to

Gr. <?/ silver, <?/, <?/, white, bright, Skr. <ets>rajata</ets>

white, silver, <ets>raj</ets> to shine, Ir. <ets>arg</ets> white,

milk, <ets>airgiod</ets> silver, money, and L. <ets>arguere</ets>

to make clear. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Silver, or money.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fig. & Poet.)</fld> <def>Whiteness; anything

that is white.</def>



<q>The polished <qex>argent</qex> of her breast.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The white color in coats of

arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity,

innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by

a plain white surface.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Ar"gent</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of silver; of a silvery

color; white; shining.</def>



<q>Yonder <qex>argent</qex> fields above.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Ar*gen"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with,

silver.</def>



<hw>Ar"gen*tan</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An alloy of nicked with

copper and zinc; German silver.</def>



<hw>Ar"gen*tate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argentatus</ets> silvered.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Silvery white.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ar`gen*ta"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argentare</ets> to silver, fr. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.

See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety> <def>A coating or overlaying with

silver.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ar*gen"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, derived from, or

containing, silver; -- said of certain compounds of silver in

which this metal has its lowest proportion; <as>as,

<ex>argentic</ex> chloride</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`gen*tif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argentum</ets> silver + <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>argentif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Producing or containing

silver; <as>as, <ex>argentiferous</ex> lead ore or

veins</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw> <pr>(?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery.</def>



<q>Celestial Dian, goddess <qex>argentine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in

South America.</def>



<hw>Ar"gen*tine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>argentin</ets>, fr. L. <ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A siliceous variety of

calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly

luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>White metal coated with silver.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of Europe

<spn>(Maurolicus Pennantii)</spn> with silvery scales. The name

is also applied to various fishes of the genus

<spn>Argentina</spn>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A citizen of the Argentine Republic.</def>



<hw>Ar"gen*tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argentum</ets> silver.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Sulphide of silver; -- also called <altname>vitreous

silver</altname>, or <altname>silver glance</altname>. It has a

metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like

lead.</def>



<hw>Ar*gen"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver;

-- said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher

proportion than in argentic compounds; <as>as, <ex>argentous</ex>

chloride</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gent*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>argenterie</ets>, fr. <ets>argent</ets> silver, L.

<ets>argentum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Silver plate or vessels.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Bowls of frosted <qex>argentry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Ar"gil</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>argile</ets>, L. <ets>argilla</ets> white clay, akin to Gr.

<?/ or <?/ argil, <?/ white. See <er>Argent</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure

clay, or alumina. See <er>Clay</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`gil*la"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argillaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of

the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay;

clayey.</def>



<cs><col>Argillaceous sandstone</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a

sandstone containing much clay.</cd> -- <col>Argillaceous iron

ore</col>, <cd>the clay ironstone.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Argillaceous schist</col> or <col>state</col></mcol>.

<cd>See <er>Argillite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`gil*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argilla</ets> white clay + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with

argil.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<hw>Ar"gil*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

clay + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is

bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red,

etc.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Ar`gil*lit"ic</wf>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a

soil.</def>



<hw>Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous

earth.</def>



<hw>Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Containing clay and iron.</def>



<hw>Ar*gil"lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argillosus</ets>, fr. <ets>argilla</ets>. See

<er>Argil</er>.]</ety> <def>Argillaceous; clayey.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ar"give</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argivus</ets>, fr. <ets>Argos</ets>, <ets>Argi</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in

Greece.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native of Argos.

Often used as a generic term, equivalent to <xex>Grecian</xex> or

<xex>Greek</xex>.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ar"go</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argo</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>

<def>The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four

companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A large constellation in

the southern hemisphere, called also <altname>Argo

Navis</altname>. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three

divisions, <xex>Carina</xex>, <xex>Puppis</xex>, and

<xex>Vela</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ar*go"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the ship Argo.</def>



<hw>Ar"goile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Potter's

clay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ar"gol</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Argal</er>, <er>Orgal</er>. Of unknown origin.]</ety>

<def>Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar

is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited

from wines on the sides of the casks.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Ar*gol"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Argolis,

a district in the Peloponnesus.</def>



<hw>Ar"gon</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

inactive.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance regarded as

an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its

chemical inertness.</def>



<au>Rayleigh and Ramsay.</au>



<hw>Ar"go*naut</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argonauta</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ sailor, <?/ ship. See

<er>Argo</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any one of the legendary

Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the

Golden Fleece.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cephalopod of the genus

Argonauta.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`go*nau"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is

called <xex>paper nautilus</xex> or <xex>paper

sailor</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It

has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp

the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was

formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by

means of a jet of water, like other cephalopods. The male has no

shell, and is much smaller than the female. See

<er>Hectocotylus</er>.</note>



<hw>Ar"go*naut"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argonauticus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Argonauts.</def>



<hw>Ar"go*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Argosies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Earlier

<ets>ragusy</ets>, fr. <ets>ragusa</ets> meaning orig. a vessel

of Ragusa.]</ety> <def>A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of

the largest size.</def>



<q>Where your <qex>argosies</qex> with portly sail . . . 

Do overpeer the petty traffickers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ar`got"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Of

unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A secret language or conventional

slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.</def>



<hw>Ar"gu*a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being argued; admitting of debate.</def>



<hw>Ar"gue</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Argued</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arguing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>arguen</ets>, F. <ets>arguer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>argutare</ets>, freq. of <ets>arguere</ets> to make clear;

from the same root as E. <ets>argent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a

proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to

reason.</def>



<q>I <qex>argue</qex> not

Against Heaven's hand or will.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason;

-- followed by <xex>with</xex>; <as>as, you may <ex>argue</ex>

with your friend without convincing him</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To debate or

discuss; to treat by reasoning; <as>as, the counsel

<ex>argued</ex> the cause before a full court; the cause was well

<ex>argued</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by

inference, deduction, or reasoning.</def>



<q>So many laws <qex>argue</qex> so many sins.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To persuade by reasons; <as>as, to

<ex>argue</ex> a man into a different opinion</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To blame; to accuse; to charge with.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly

<qex>argued</qex> of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate;

remonstrate; controvert.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Argue</er>,

<er>Dispute</er>, <er>Debate</er>. These words, as here compared,

suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at

issue. To <xex>argue</xex> is to adduce arguments or reasons in

support of one's cause or position. To <xex>dispute</xex> is to

call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the

opposing party. To <xex>debate</xex> is to strive for or against

in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.</usage>



<q>Men of many words sometimes <qex>argue</qex> for the sake of

talking; men of ready tongues frequently <qex>dispute</qex> for

the sake of victory; men in public life often <qex>debate</qex>

for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other

motive than the love of truth.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<q>Unskilled to <qex>argue</qex>, in <qex>dispute</qex> yet loud,

Bold without caution, without honors proud.</q>

<qau>Falconer.</qau>



<q>Betwixt the dearest friends to raise <qex>debate</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Ar"gu*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

argues; a reasoner; a disputant.</def>



<hw>Ar"gu*fy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Argue</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To argue pertinaciously.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To signify.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ar"gu*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., dim

of <ets>Argus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See

<er>Branchiura</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>argument</ets>, L. <ets>argumentum</ets>, fr.

<ets>arguere</ets> to argue.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Proof;

evidence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There is.. no more palpable and convincing <qex>argument</qex>

of the existence of a Deity.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<q>Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an

<qex>argument</qex> of parts for a man to commence atheist, and

to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for

religion?</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce

belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words;

<as>as, an <ex>argument about</ex>, <ex>concerning</ex>, or

<ex>regarding</ex> a proposition, for or <ex>in favor of</ex> it,

or <ex>against</ex> it</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up

of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.</def>



<q>The <qex>argument</qex> is about things, but names.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or

artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or

summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.</def>



<q>You and love are still my <qex>argument</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The abstract or <qex>argument</qex> of the piece.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<q>[Shields] with boastful <qex>argument</qex> portrayed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Matter for question; business in hand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sheathed their swords for lack of <qex>argument</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The quantity on which

another quantity in a table depends; <as>as, the altitude is the

<ex>argument</ex> of the refraction</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The independent variable upon

whose value that of a function depends.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<-- p. 81  -->



<hw>Ar"gu*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argumentari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make an argument; to

argue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argumentabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Admitting of

argument.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Ar`gu*men"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argumentalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

containing, argument; argumentative.</def>



<hw>Ar`gu*men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argumentatio</ets>, from <ets>argumentari</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>argumentation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and

applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of

inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts

or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.</def>



<q>Which manner of <qex>argumentation</qex>, how false and naught

it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Debate; discussion.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See

<er>Reasoning</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting of, or characterized by, argument;

containing a process of reasoning; <as>as, an

<ex>argumentative</ex> discourse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Adductive as proof; indicative; <as>as, the

adaptation of things to their uses is <ex>argumentative</ex> of

infinite wisdom in the Creator</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Given to argument; characterized by argument;

disputatious; <as>as, an <ex>argumentative</ex>

writer</as>.</def>



--<wordforms><wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"gu*men*tize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

argue or discuss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wood.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar"gus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Argus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>

<def>A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred

eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were

transplanted to the peacock's tail.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One very vigilant; a guardian always

watchful.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of East Indian

pheasants. The common species <spn>(A. giganteus)</spn> is

remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail

feathers of the male. The species <spn>A. Grayi</spn> inhabits

Borneo.</def>



<hw>Ar"gus-eyed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Extremely

observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.</def>



<hw>Ar"gus shell`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> . <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A species of shell <spn>(Cypr\'91a argus)</spn>, beautifully

variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.</def>



<hw>Ar`gu*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argutatio</ets>. See <er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <def>Caviling;

subtle disputation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*gute"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>argutus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arguere</ets>. See

<er>Argue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sharp; shrill.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.</def>



<q>The active preacher . . . the <qex>argue</qex> schoolman.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Ar*gute"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a subtle;

shrewdly.</def>



<hw>Ar*gute"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Acuteness.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<mhw><hw>A*rhi"zal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*rhi"zous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*rhyth"*mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A*rhyth"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Arrhizal</er>, <er>Arrhizous</er>, <er>Arrhythmic</er>,

<er>Arrhythmous</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"ri*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr. L.

<ets>a\'89r</ets>. See <er>Air</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>An air or song; a melody; a tune.</def>



<note><hand/ The Italian term is now mostly used for the more

elaborate accompanied melodies sung by a single voice, in operas,

oratorios, cantatas, anthems, etc., and not so much for simple

airs or tunes.</note>



<hw>Ar"ian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Aryan</er>.</def>



<hw>A"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Arianus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter

of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the

doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the

Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all

created beings.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One who

adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius.</def></def2>



<au>Mosheim.</au>



<hw>A"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrines of the Arians.</def>



<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To admit

or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian.</def>



<hw>A"ri*an*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To convert to

Arianism.</def>



<hw>Ar"i*cine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Arica</ets>, in Chile.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An

alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.</def>



<hw>Ar"id</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aridus</ets>, fr. <ets>arere</ets> to be dry: cf. F.

<ets>aride</ets>.]</ety> <def>Exhausted of moisture; parched with

heat; dry; barren.</def> \'bdAn <xex>arid</xex> waste.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>A*rid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aridities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>ariditas</ets>, fr. <ets>aridus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state or quality of being arid or without moisture;

dryness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Want of interest of feeling;

insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual

drought.</def>



<au>Norris.</au>



<hw>Ar"id*ness</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Aridity;

dryness.</def>



<mhw><hw>A"ri*el</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <or/

<hw>A"ri*el ga*zelle"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>. <ety>[Ar.

<ets>aryil</ets>, <ets>ayyil</ets>, stag.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <xex>A</xex>) <def>A variety of the gazelle

<spn>(Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas)</spn>, found in Arabia and

adjacent countries. <sd>(b)</sd> A squirrel-like Australian

marsupial, a species of <xex>Petaurus</xex>. <sd>(c)</sd> A

beautiful Brazilian toucan <xex>Ramphastos ariel</xex>).</def>



<hw>\'d8A"ri*es</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The Ram; the first of the

twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal

equinox, about the 21st of March.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the

figure of a ram.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Rom. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A battering-ram.</def>



<hw>Ar"i*e*tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arietatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>arietare</ets>, fr.

<ets>aries</ets> ram.]</ety> <def>To butt, as a ram.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar`i*e*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arietatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of butting

like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Act of striking or conflicting.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A`ri*et"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar`i*ette"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>arietta</ets>,

dim. of <ets>aria</ets>; F. <ets>ariette</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A short aria, or air.</def> \'bdA military

<xex>ariette</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>A*right"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>right</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rightly; correctly;

in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; <as>as, to

worship God <ex>aright</ex></as>.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ar"il</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>\'d8A*ril"lus</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From LL.

<ets>arilli</ets> dry grapes, perh. fr. L. <ets>aridus</ets> dry:

cf. F,. <ets>arille</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed,

as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white

water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an

<xex>aril</xex>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw><hw>Ar"il*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <hw>Ar"l*la`ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar"iled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. NL. <ets>arillatus</ets>, F.

<ets>arill\'82</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having an aril.</def>



<hw>A"ri*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ahriman</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`i*o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ariolatio</ets>, <ets>hariolatio</ets>, fr.

<ets>hariolari</ets> to prophesy, fr. <ets>hariolus</ets>

soothsayer.]</ety> <def>A soothsaying; a foretelling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ar"i*ose</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>arioso</ets>, fr. <ets>aria</ets>.]</ety> <def>Characterized

by melody, as distinguished from harmony.</def>



<q>Mendelssohn wants the <qex>ariose</qex> beauty of Handel;

vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs

harmonic.</q>

<qau>Foreign Quart. Rev.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A`ri*o"so</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In the smooth and

melodious style of an air; ariose.</def>



<hw>A*rise"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Arose</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arising</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Arisen</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>. <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'ber\'c6san</ets>; <ets>\'be</ets> (equiv. to Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, <ets>ur-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, orig. meaning

out) + <ets>r\'c6san</ets> to rise; cf. Goth. <ets>urreisan</ets>

to arise. See</pos> <er>Rise</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the

horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount;

to ascend; to rise; <as>as, to <ex>arise</ex> from a kneeling

posture; a cloud <ex>arose</ex>; the sun <ex>ariseth</ex>; he

<ex>arose</ex> early in the morning.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spring up; to come into action, being, or

notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to

act a part; to present itself; <as>as, the waves of the sea

<ex>arose</ex>; a persecution <ex>arose</ex>; the wrath of the

king shall <ex>arise</ex>.</as></def>



<q>There <qex>arose</qex> up a new king . . . which knew not

Joseph.</q>

<qau>Ex. i. 8.</qau>



<q>The doubts that in his heart <qex>arose</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To proceed; to issue; to spring.</def>



<q>Whence haply mention may <qex>arise</qex>



Of something not unseasonable to ask.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*rise"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rising.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Drayton.</au>



<hw>A*rist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>3d sing. pres.</pos> <def>of

<er>Arise</er>, for <xex>ariseth</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*ris"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An awn.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ar"is*tarch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Aristarchus</ets>, a Greek grammarian and critic, of

Alexandria, about 200 <sc>b. c</sc>.]</ety> <def>A severe

critic.</def>



<au>Knowles.</au>



<hw>Ar`is*tar"chi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Severely critical.</def>



<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Severely

criticism.</def>



<hw>Ar"is*tar`chy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Severe

criticism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Harrington.</au>



<hw>A*ris"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aristatus</ets>, fr. <ets>arista</ets>. See

<er>Arista</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat;

awned.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a slender, sharp,

or spinelike tip.</def>



<hw>Ar`is*toc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aristocracies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

best + <?/ to be strong, to rule, <?/ strength; <?/ is perh. from

the same root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, and orig. meant

<ets>fitting</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aristocratie</ets>. See

<er>Arm</er>, and <er>Create</er>, which is related to Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Government by the best

citizens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ruling body composed of the best

citizens.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the Senate

Right not our quest in this, I will protest them

To all the world, no <qex>aristocracy</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A form a government, in which the supreme power

is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged

order; an oligarchy.</def>



<q>The <qex>aristocracy</qex> of Venice hath admitted so many

abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of

its duration seems approach.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The nobles or chief persons in a state; a

privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who

are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in

rank, fortune, or intellect.</def>



<hw>A*ris"to*crat</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aristocrate</ets>. See <er>Aristocracy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a

community; one of a ruling class; a noble.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is overbearing in his temper or habits;

a proud or haughty person.</def>



<q>A born <qex>aristocrat</qex>, bred radical.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who favors an aristocracy as a form of

government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.</def>



<q>His whole family are accused of being

<qex>aristocrats</qex>.</q>

<qau>Romilly.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aristocratique</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting

in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men;

<as>as, an <ex>aristocratic</ex> constitution</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy;

characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; <as>as,

an <ex>aristocratic</ex> measure; <ex>aristocratic</ex> pride or

manners.</as></def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ar"is*to*crat`ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The principles of aristocrats.</def>



<au>Romilly.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Aristocrats, collectively.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar`is*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

dinner + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of

dining.</def>



<au>Quart. Rev.</au>



<hw>Ar`is*to*phan"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.</def>



<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher

(384-322 <sc>b. c</sc>.).</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See

<er>Peripatetic</er>.</def></def2>



<hw>Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The philosophy

of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.</def>



<hw>Ar`is*to*tel"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.</def>

\'bd<xex>Aristotelic</xex> usage.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The five united jaws and accessory

ossicles of certain sea urchins.</def>



<hw>A*ris"tu*late</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Dim. fr. <ets>arista</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining a short beard or awn.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ar"ith*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

number + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divination by means of

numbers.</def>



<hw>A*rith"me*tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>arsmetike</ets>, OF. <ets>arismetique</ets>, L.

<ets>arithmetica</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/), fr. <?/

arithmetical, fr. <?/ to number, fr. <?/ number, prob. fr. same

root as E. <ets>arm</ets>, the idea of counting coming from that

of fitting, attaching. See <er>Arm</er>. The modern Eng. and

French forms are accommodated to the Greek.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The science of numbers; the art of computation by

figures.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book containing the principles of this

science.</def>



<cs><col>Arithmetic of sines</col>, <cd>trigonometry.</cd> --

<col>Political arithmetic</col>, <cd>the application of the

science of numbers to problems in civil government, political

economy, and social science.</cd> -- <col>Universal

arithmetic</col>, <cd>the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to

algebra.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of

arithmetic.</def>



<cs><col>Arithmetical complement of a logarithm</col>. <cd>See

<er>Logarithm</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical mean</col>. <cd>See

<er>Mean</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical progression</col>.

<cd>See <er>Progression</er>.</cd> -- <col>Arithmetical

proportion</col>. <cd>See <er>Proportion</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Conformably to

the principles or methods of arithmetic.</def>



<hw>A*rith`me*ti"cian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>arithm\'82ticien</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in

arithmetic.</def>



<hw>A*rith"mo*man"cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Arithmancy.</def>



<hw>Ar`ith*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ number + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>arithmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculating

machine.</def>



<hw>Ark</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ark</ets>, <ets>arke</ets>, <ets>arche</ets>, AS.

<ets>arc</ets>, <ets>earc</ets>, <ets>earce</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>arca</ets>, fr. <ets>arcere</ets> to inclose, keep off; akin

to Gr. <?/ to keep off.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chest, or

coffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Bearing that precious relic in an <qex>ark</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Hist.)</fld> <def>The oblong chest of

acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat

with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in

the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone

containing the ten commandments. Called also the <altname>Ark of

the Covenant</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and

his family were preserved during the Deluge. <au>Gen. vi</au>.

Hence: Any place of refuge.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A large flatboat used on Western American rivers

to transport produce to market.</def>



<hw>Ark"ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to

the ark.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Faber.</au>



<hw>Ark" shell`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus <spn>Arca</spn> and

its allies.</def>



<hw>Arles</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>arrhes</ets>, Scot. <ets>airles</ets>. Cf. <er>Earles

penny</er>.]</ety> <def>An earnest; earnest money; money paid to

bind a bargain.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>Arles penny</col>, <cd>earnest money given to

servants.</cd>  <au>Kersey.</au></cs>



<hw>Arm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>arm</ets>, <ets>earm</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aram</ets>,

G., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>arm</ets>, Icel. <ets>armr</ets>, Goth.

<ets>arms</ets>, L. <ets>armus</ets> arm, shoulder, and prob. to

Gr. <?/ joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root <?/ to join, to

fit together; cf. Slav. <ets>rame</ets>. <?/. See <er>Art</er>,

<er>Article</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The limb of the human

body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the

corresponding limb of a monkey.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything resembling an arm</def>; as,

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fore limb of an animal, as of a

bear</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A limb, or locomotive or

prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A branch of a tree.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A slender part

of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or

fulcrum; <as>as, the <ex>arm</ex> of a steelyard</as>.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <fld>(Naut)</fld> <def>The end of a yard; also, the

part of an anchor which ends in the fluke.</def> <sd>(f)</sd>

<def>An inlet of water from the sea.</def> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>A

support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; <as>as,

the secular <ex>arm</ex>; the <ex>arm</ex> of the law.</as></def>



<q>To whom is the <qex>arm</qex> of the Lord revealed?</q>

<qau>Isa. lii. 1.</qau>



<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <cd>the end of the arm; a good distance

off.</cd> <au>Dryden</au>. -- <col>Arm's length</col>, <cd>the

length of the arm.</cd> -- <col>Arm's reach</col>, <cd>reach of

the arm; the distance the arm can reach.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To

go</col> (or <col>walk</col>) <col>arm in arm</col></mcol>,

<cd>to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of

another.</cd> \'bdWhen <xex>arm in arm<xex>we went along.\'b8

<au>Tennyson</au>. -- <col>To keep at arm's length</col>, <cd>to

keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to

come into close contact or familiar intercourse.</cd> -- <col>To

work at arm's length</col>, <cd>to work

disadvantageously.</cd></cs>



<hw>Arm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Arms</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A branch of the military

service; <as>as, the cavalry <ex>arm</ex> was made

efficient</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A weapon of offense or

defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf></def>



<hw>Arm</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Armed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>armen</ets>, F.

<ets>armer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armare</ets>, fr. <ets>arma</ets>,

pl., arms. See <er>arms</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take by

the arm; to take up in one's arms.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And make him with our pikes and partisans

A grave: come, <qex>arm</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Arm</qex> your prize;

I know you will not lose him.</q>

<qau>Two N. Kins.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with arms or limbs.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>His shoulders broad and strong,

<qex>Armed</qex> long and round.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or

defense; <as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> soldiers; to <ex>arm</ex> the

country.</as></def>



<q>Abram . . . <qex>armed</qex> his trained servants.</q>

<qau>Gen. xiv. 14.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cover or furnish with a plate, or with

whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency;

<as>as, to <ex>arm</ex> the hit of a sword; to <ex>arm</ex> a

hook in angling.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to

prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.</def>



<q><qex>Arm</qex> yourselves . . . with the same mind.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. iv. 1.</qau>



<cs><col>To arm a magnet</col>, <cd>to fit it with an

armature.</cd></cs>



<hw>Arm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To provide one's self with

arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take

arms.</def> \'bd 'Tis time to <xex>arm</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 82  -->



<hw>Ar*ma"da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>armada</ets>, L. as if <ets>armata</ets> (sc.

<ets>classic</ets> fleet), fr. <ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>armare</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<er>Army</er>.]</ety> <def>A fleet of armed ships; a squadron.

Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England,

<er>a</er>. <er>d</er>. 1558.</def>



<hw>Ar`ma*dil"lo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Armadillos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp.

<ets>armadillo</ets>, dim. of <ets>armado</ets> armed, p. p. of

<ets>armar</ets> to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony

shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any

edentate animal if the family <spn>Dasypid\'91</spn>, peculiar to

America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of

small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom

going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a

ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good

food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found

as far north as Texas. See <er>Peba</er>, <er>Poyou</er>,

<er>Tatouay</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of small isopod

Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.</def>



<hw>Ar*ma"do</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Armada.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"ma*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armamenta</ets>, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship,

fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. LL. <ets>armamentum</ets>, F.

<ets>armement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A body of forces

equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force.</def> \'bdThe

whole united <xex>armament</xex> of Greece.\'b8



<au>Glover.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Nav.)</fld> <def>All the cannon and

small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a

ship or a fortification.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any equipment for resistance.</def>



<hw>Ar`ma*men"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armamentarium</ets>, fr. <ets>armamentum</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>armamentaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>An armory; a magazine or

arsenal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"ma*ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armatura</ets>, fr. <ets>armare</ets> to arm: cf. F.

<ets>armature</ets>. See <er>Arm</er>, v. t.,

<er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Armor; whatever is worn

or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the

protective outfit of some animals and plants.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>A piece of soft iron used

to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order

to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic

force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the

dissipation of the magnetic force.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Iron bars or framing employed

for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender

columns, holding up canopies, etc.</def>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<hw>Arm"chair`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chair with

arms to support the elbows or forearms.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Armed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with

the means of security or protection.</def> \'bdAnd

<xex>armed</xex> host.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Furnished with whatever serves to add strength,

force, or efficiency.</def>



<q>A distemper eminently <qex>armed</qex> from heaven.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having horns, beak, talons,

etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.</def>



<cs><col>Armed at all points</col> <fld>(Blazoning)</fld>,

<cd>completely incased in armor, sometimes described as

<altname>armed cap-\'85-pie</altname>.</cd> <au>Cussans</au>. --

<col>Armed en flute</col>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Flute</er>.</cd> -- <col>Armed magnet</col>, <cd>a magnet

provided with an armature.</cd> -- <col>Armed neutrality</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Neutrality</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Arm\'82nien</ets>, L. <ets>Armenias</ets>, fr.

<ets>Armenia</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Armenia.</def>



<cs><col>Armenian bole</col>, <cd>a soft clayey earth of a bright

red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc.</cd> -- <col>Armenian

stone</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> The commercial name of lapis

lazuli. <sd>(b)</sd> Emery.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*me"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A native or

one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the

Armenians.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>An adherent of the

Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and

practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman

Catholic.</def>



<hw>Arm"et</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim. of

<ets>arme</ets> arm, or corrupted for <ets>healmet</ets>

helmet.]</ety> <def>A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and

16th centuries.</def>



<hw>Arm"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Armfulus</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>As much as the arm

can hold.</def>



<hw>Arm"gaunt`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>With gaunt

or slender legs. (?)</def>  \'bdAn <xex>armgaunt</xex> steed.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ This word is peculiar to Shakespeare. Its meaning

has not yet been satisfactorily explained.</note>



<hw>Arm"-gret`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Great as a

man's arm.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A wreath of gold, <qex>arm</qex>-<qex>gret</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Arm"hole`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>hole</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hole for the arm in a garment.</def>



<hw>Ar*mif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armifer</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing arms or weapons.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"mi*ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armiger</ets> armor bearer; <ets>arma</ets> arms +

<ets>gerere</ets> to bear.]</ety> <def>Formerly, an armor bearer,

as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other

services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and

entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by

<xex>esquire</xex>.</def>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<hw>Ar*mig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bearing

arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They belonged to the <qex>armigerous</qex> part of the

population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Ar"mil</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armilla</ets> a bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. OF.

<ets>armille</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bracelet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ancient astronomical instrument.</def>



<note><hand/ When composed of one ring placed in the plane of the

equator for determining the time of the equinoxes, it is called

an <xex>equinoctial armil</xex>; when of two or more rings, one

in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is

called a <xex>solstitial armil</xex>.</note>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar*mil"la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Armillas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Armill\'91</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., a bracelet.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An armil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A ring of hair or feathers

on the legs.</def>



<hw>Ar"mil*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>armillarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armilla</ets> arm ring,

bracelet, fr. <ets>armus</ets> arm: cf. F. <ets>armillaire</ets>.

See <er>Arm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or

circles.</def>



<cs><col>Armillary sphere</col>, <cd>an ancient astronomical

machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the

same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important

circles of the celestial sphere.</cd></cs>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<hw>Arm"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.</def>



<q>The <qex>arming</qex> was now universal.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of tallow placed in a

cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand,

shells, etc., of the sea bottom.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Red dress

cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works

on holidays.</def>



<cs><col>Arming press</col> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld>, <cd>a press

for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines.

See note under <er>Arminian</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Ar*min"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b.

1560, d. 1609).</def>



<note>The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and

reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2.

Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ

for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of

the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must

be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit,

which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5.

That man may relapse from a state of grace.</note>



<hw>Ar*min"i*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.</def>



<hw>Ar*mip"o*tence</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armipotentia</ets>, fr. <ets>armipotents</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Power in arms.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Ar*mip"o*tent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>armipotents</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>potens</ets>

powerful, p. pr. of <ets>posse</ets> to be able.]</ety>

<def>Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.</def>



<q>The temple stood of Mars <qex>armipotent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*mis"o*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar*mis"o*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>armisonus</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms +

<ets>sonare</ets> (p. pr. <ets>sonans</ets>) to sound.]</ety>

<def>Rustling in arms; resounding with arms.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"mis*tice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>armistice</ets>, fr. (an assumed word) L.

<ets>armistitium</ets>; <ets>arma</ets> arms + <ets>stare</ets>,

<ets>statum</ets> (combining form, <ets>-stitum</ets>), to stand

still.]</ety> <def>A cessation of arms for a short time, by

convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a

truce.</def>



<hw>Arm"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Without any arm or branch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of arms or weapons.</def>



<hw>Arm"let</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Arm</ets>

+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small arm; <as>as,

an <ex>armlet</ex> of the sea</as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Armor for the arm.</def>



<hw>Ar*mo"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Ammoniac.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"mor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>armure</ets>, fr. F. <ets>armure</ets>, OF.

<ets>armeure</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armatura</ets>. See

<er>Armature</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>armour</asp>.]</altsp> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Defensive arms for

the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person

in battle.</def>



<note><hand/ In English statues, <xex>armor</xex> is used for the

whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive

arms. The <xex>statues of armor</xex> directed what arms every

man should provide.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or

forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.</def>



<cs><col>Coat armor</col>, <cd>the escutcheon of a person or

family, with its several charges and other furniture, as

mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc.</cd> --

<col>Submarine</col>, <cd>a water-tight dress or covering for a

diver. See under <er>Submarine</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"mor-bear`er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.</def>



<au>Judg. ix. 54.</au>



<hw>Ar"mored</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Clad with

armor.</def>



<hw>Ar"mor*er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>armurer</ets>, <ets>armerer</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>armurter</ets>, fr. armure armor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who makes or repairs armor or arms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor

of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans

or repairs them, etc.</def>



<hw>Ar*mo"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>armorial</ets>, fr. <ets>armoiries</ets> arms, coats of

arms, for <ets>armoieries</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>armoier</ets> to

paint arms, coats of arms, fr. <ets>armes</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>arma</ets>. See <er>Arms</er>, <er>Armory</er>.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of

a family.</def>



<q>Figures with <qex>armorial</qex> signs of race and birth.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<cs><col>Armorial bearings</col>. <cd>See <er>Arms</er>,

<er>4</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*mor"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Armoricus</ets>, fr. Celtic <ets>ar</ets> on, at +

<ets>mor</ets> sea.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the

northwestern part of France (formerly called <xex>Armorica</xex>,

now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> The language of the Armoricans, a

Celtic dialect which has remained to the present

times.</def></def2>



<hw>Ar*mor"i*can</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native of

Armorica.</def>



<hw>Ar"mor*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>armoriste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in coat armor or

heraldry.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>Ar"mor-plat`ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered

with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war;

steel-clad.</def>



<q>This day will be launched . . . the first

<qex>armor-plated</qex> steam frigate in the possession of Great

Britain.</q>



<au>Times (Dec. 29, 1860).</au>



<hw>Ar"mo*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Armories</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OF.

<ets>armaire</ets>, <ets>armarie</ets>, F. <ets>armoire</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>armarium</ets> place for keeping arms; but confused

with F. <ets>armoiries</ets>. See <er>Armorial</er>,

<er>Ambry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place where arms and

instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> Armor: defensive and offensive arms.</def>



<q>Celestial <qex>armory</qex>, shields, helms, and spears.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets,

pistols, bayonets, swords.</def>  <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn>  <def>Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.</def>



<au>Spensplw.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat

armor.</def>



<q>The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking,

<qex>armory</qex>, which is but one branch of heraldry, is,

without doubt, of very ancient origin.</q>

<qau>Cussans.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`mo*zeen"</hw>, <hw>Ar`mo*zine"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr><pr>(#)</pr></plu></pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[ets>armosin</ets>, <ets>armoisin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick

plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Arm"pit`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Arm</ets> + <ets>pit</ets>.]</ety> <def>The hollow

beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.</def>



<hw>Arm"rack`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frame,

generally vertical, for holding small arms.</def>



<hw>Arms</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>armes</ets>, F. <ets>arme</ets>, pl. <ets>armes</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>arma</ets>, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to

<ets>armus</ets> shoulder, and E. <ets>arm</ets>. See

<er>Arm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Instruments

or weapons of offense or defense.</def>



<q>He lays down his <qex>arms</qex>, but not his wiles.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Three horses and three goodly suits of <qex>arms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The deeds or exploits of war; military service

or science.</def> \'bd<xex>Arms</xex> and the man I sing.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Anything which a man takes in

his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an

aggressive weapon.</def>



<au>Cowell. Blackstone.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The ensigns armorial of a

family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields,

banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and

descending from father to son.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The legs of a hawk from

the thigh to the foot.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<cs><col>Bred to arms</col>, <cd>educated to the profession of a

soldier.</cd> -- <col>In arms</col>, <cd>armed for war; in a

state of hostility.</cd> -- <col>Small arms</col>, <cd>portable

firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc.</cd>

-- <col>A stand of arms</col>, <cd>a complete set for one

soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt;

frequently, the musket and bayonet alone.</cd> -- <col>To

arms</col><cd>! a summons to war or battle.</cd> -- <col>Under

arms</col>, <cd>armed and equipped and in readiness for battle,

or for a military parade.</cd></cs>



<cs><col>Arm's end</col>, <col>Arm's length</col>, <col>Arm's

reach</col>. <cd>See under <er>Arm</er>.</cd>



<hw>Ar"mure</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Armor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Armor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the

surface.</def>



<hw>Ar"my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arm\'82e</ets>, fr. L. <ets>armata</ets>, fem. of

<ets>armatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>armare</ets> to arm. Cf.

<er>Armada</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection or body of

men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions,

regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A body of persons organized for the advancement

of a cause; <as>as, the Blue Ribbon <ex>Army</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A great number; a vast multitude; a host.</def>



<q>An <qex>army</qex> of good words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Standing army</col>, <cd>a permanent army of

professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or

volunteers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"my worm`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval

state often travels in great multitudes from field to field,

destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of

the northern United States is <xex>Leucania unipuncta</xex>. The

name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton

worm.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The larva of a small two-winged fly

<spn>(Sciara)</spn>, which marches in large companies, in regular

order. See <er>Cotton worm</er>, under <er>Cotton</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Ar"na</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ar"nee</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, </mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

wild buffalo of India (<spn>Bos, or Bubalus, arni</spn>), larger

than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.</def>



<hw>Ar*nat"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Annotto</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"ni*ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

corruption of <ets>ptarmica</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of plants; also, the most important species

<spn>(Arnica montana)</spn>, native of the mountains of Europe,

used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.</def>



<note><hand/ The tincture of <xex>arnica</xex> is applied

externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.</note>



<hw>Ar"ni*cin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arnica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An active

principle of <xex>Arnica montana</xex>. It is a bitter

resin.</def>



<hw>Ar"ni*cine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained from the arnica

plant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"not</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar"nut</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>aardnoot</ets>, E. <ets>earthut</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

earthnut.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*not"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Annotto</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>A"roid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*roid"e*ous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Ar</ets>um +

-<ets>oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Belonging to, or

resembling, the Arum family of plants.</def>



<hw>A*roint"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Prov. E. <ets>rynt</ets>, <ets>rynt</ets> thee, <ets>roynt</ets>,

or <ets>runt</ets>, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has

been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others;

AS. <ets>r<?/man</ets> to make room or way, fr. <ets>r<?/m</ets>

room. The final <ets>t</ets> is perh. for <ets>ta</ets>, for

<ets>thou</ets>. Cf. <er>Room</er> space.]</ety> <def>Stand off,

or begone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Aroint</qex> thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*roint"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drive or scare off by

some exclamation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdWhiskered cats

<xex>arointed</xex> flee.\'b8 <au>Mrs. Browning</au>.



<hw>A*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aroma</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. OE. <ets>aromaz</ets>,

<ets>aromat</ets>, spice, F. <ets>aromate</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or principle of plants or other

substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor;

<as>as, the <ex>aroma</ex> of coffee</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual

power; flavor; <as>as, the subtile <ex>aroma</ex> of

genius</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar`o*mat"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aromaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>aromatique</ets>. See

<er>Aroma</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, aroma;

fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; <as>as,

<ex>aromatic</ex> balsam</as>.</def>



<-- p. 83  -->



<cs><col>Aromatic compound</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>one of a

large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds,

wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of

which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most

important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the

benzene group, <chform>C6H6</chform>. The term is extended also

to many of their derivatives.</cd> -- <col>Aromatic

vinegar</col>. <cd>See under <er>Vinegar</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`o*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant,

drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually

by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.</def>



<hw>Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>aromatisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of impregnating

or secting with aroma.</def>



<hw>A*ro"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aromatized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aromatizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>aromatizare</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>aromatiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To impregnate with aroma; to

render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to

perfume.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*ro"ma*ti`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.</def>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>A*ro"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Aromatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Caxton.</au>



<hw>Ar"oph</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A contraction

of <ets>aro</ets>ma <ets>ph</ets>ilosophorum.]</ety> <def>A

barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various

medical remedies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*rose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The past or preterit tense of

<er>Arise</er>.</def>



<hw>A*round"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>round</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a

circle; circularly; on every side; round.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a circuit; here and there within the

surrounding space; all about; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex>

from town to town</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Near; in the neighborhood; <as>as, this man was

standing <ex>around</ex> when the fight took place</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ See <er>Round</er>, the shorter form, <pos>adv. &

prep.</pos>, which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly

used.</note>



<hw>A*round"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On all sides

of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of;

about.</def>



<q>A lambent flame arose, which gently spread

<qex>Around</qex> his brows.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>From one part to another of; at random through;

about; on another side of; <as>as, to travel <ex>around</ex> the

country; a house standing <ex>around</ex> the corner.</as></def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>A*rous"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

arousing, or the state of being aroused.</def>



<q>Whatever has associated itself with the <qex>arousal</qex> and

activity of our better nature.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>A*rouse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aroused</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arousing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>rouse</ets>.]</ety> <def>To excite to action from a state of

rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite;

<as>as, to <ex>arouse</ex> one from sleep; to <ex>arouse</ex> the

dormant faculties.</as></def>



<q>Grasping his spear, forth issued to <qex>arouse</qex>

His brother, mighty sovereign on the host.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>No suspicion was <qex>aroused</qex>.</q>

<qau>Merivale.</qau>



<hw>A*row"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>row</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a row, line, or

rank; successively; in order.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>And twenty, rank in rank, they rode <qex>arow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>A*roynt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aroint</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*peg"gio</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

fr. <ets>arpeggiare</ets> to play on the harp, fr.

<ets>arpa</ets> harp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The

production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in

playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus

played.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"pent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar"pen</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>arpent</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>arepennis</ets>, <ets>arapennis</ets>. According to

Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman

<ets>jugerum</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a measure of land in

France, varying in different parts of the country. The

<xex>arpent</xex> of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five

sixths of an English acre. The <xex>woodland arpent</xex> was

about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.</def>



<hw>Ar`pen*ta"tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arpent</er>.]</ety> <def>The Anglicized form of the French

<xex>arpenteur</xex>, a land surveyor.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"pine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

arpent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Webster (1623).</au>



<hw>Ar"qua*ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like

a bow; arcuate; curved.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar"que*bus</hw>, <hw>Ar"que*buse</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?;

277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>arquebuse</ets>, OF.

<ets>harquebuse</ets>, fr. D. <ets>haak</ets>-<ets>bus</ets>; cf.

G. <ets>hakenb\'81chse</ets> a gun with a hook. See

<er>Hagbut</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of hand gun or firearm a

contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match

was applied. The musket was a later invention.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>harquebus</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ar`que*bus*ade"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arquebusade</ets> shot of an arquebus; eau

d'<ets>arquebusade</ets> a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The shot of an arquebus.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A distilled water from a variety of aromatic

plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a

vulnerary in gunshot wounds.</def>



<au>Parr.</au>



<hw>Ar`que*bus*ier</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arquebusier</ets>.]</ety> <def>A soldier armed with an

arquebus.</def>



<q>Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination,

appear to have been called <qex>arquebusiers</qex>.</q>

<qau>E. Lodge.</qau>



<hw>Ar"qui*foux</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Alquifou</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"rach</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Orach</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"rack</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>araq</ets> sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr.

<ets>araqa</ets> to sweat. Cf. <er>Rack</er> arrack.]</ety>

<def>A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all

ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented

mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or

the date palm, etc.</def>



<hw>Ar*rag"o*nite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aragonite</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arraigned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arraigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>arainen</ets>,

<ets>arenen</ets>, OF. <ets>aragnier</ets>, <ets>aranier</ets>,

<ets>araisnier</ets>, F. <ets>arraisonner</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>arrationare</ets> to address to call before court; L.

<ets>ad + ratio</ets> reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See

<er>Reason</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To call

or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the

matter charged in an indictment or complaint.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of

reason, taste, or any other tribunal.</def>



<q>They will not <qex>arraign</qex> you for want of

knowledge.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body

should now be <qex>arraigned</qex> by the world.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate;

indict; denounce. See <er>Accuse</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar*raign"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Arraignment; <as>as, the

clerk of the <ex>arraigns</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Ar*raign"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From OF.

<ets>aramier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>adhramire</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>To appeal to; to demand; <as>as,

to <ex>arraign</ex> an assize of novel disseizin</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar*raign"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

arraigns.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Ar*raign"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>arraynement</ets>, <ets>aresnement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of arraigning, or the state of

being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before

a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A calling to an account to faults;

accusation.</def>



<q>In the sixth satire, which seems only an

<qex>Arraignment</qex> of the whole sex, there is a latent

admonition.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<mhw><hw>Ar*rai"ment</hw>, <hw>Ar*ray"ment</hw></mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Array</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Clothes; raiment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*range"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arranged</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arranging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>arayngen</ets>, OF. <ets>arengier</ets>, F.

<ets>arranger</ets>, fr. <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF.

<ets>rengier</ets>, <ets>rangier</ets>, F. <ets>ranger</ets>. See

<er>Range</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put

in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner

intended, or best suited for the purpose; <as>as, troops

<ex>arranged</ex> for battle</as>.</def>



<q>So [they] came to the market place, and there he

<qex>arranged</qex> his men in the streets.</q>

<qau>Berners.</qau>



<q>[They] were beginning to <qex>arrange</qex> their hampers.</q>

<qau>Boswell.</qau>



<q>A mechanism previously <qex>arranged</qex>.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine;

<as>as, to <ex>arrange</ex> the preliminaries of an

undertaking</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.</syn>



<hw>Ar*range"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>arrangement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being

arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner or result of arranging; system of

parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic

classification; <as>as, <ex>arrangement</ex> of one's dress; the

Linn\'91an <ex>arrangement</ex> of plants.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation;

<as>as, we have made <ex>arrangement</ex> for receiving

company</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Settlement; adjustment by agreement; <as>as, the

parties have made an <ex>arrangement</ex> between themselves

concerning their disputes; a satisfactory

<ex>arrangement</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The adaptation of

a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not

originally written.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece so adapted; a

transcription; <as>as, a pianoforte <ex>arrangement</ex> of

Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral <ex>arrangement</ex> of a

song, an opera, or the like.</as></def>



<hw>Ar*ran"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

arranges.</def>



<au> Burke.</au>



<hw>Ar"rant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>erraunt</ets>, <ets>errant</ets>, <ets>errand</ets>, equiv.

to E. <ets>errant</ets> wandering, which was first applied to

vagabonds, as an <ets>errant rogue</ets>, an <ets>errant

thief</ets>, and hence passed gradually into its present and

worse sense. See <er>Errant</er>.]</ety> <def>Notoriously or

pre\'89minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense;

shameless; unmitigated; <as>as, an <ex>arrant</ex> rogue or

coward</as>.</def>



<q>I discover an <qex>arrant</qex> laziness in my soul.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Thorough or downright, in a good sense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An <qex>arrant</qex> honest woman.</q>

<qau>Burton.</qau>



<hw>Ar"rant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Notoriously, in an ill

sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Ar"ras</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Arras</ets> the capital of Artois, in the French

Netherlands.]</ety> <def>Tapestry; a rich figured fabric;

especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven

figures.</def>



<q>Stateliest couches, with rich <qex>arras</qex> spread.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Behind the <qex>arras</qex> I'll convey myself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ar"ras</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with an

arras.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Ar`ras*ene"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Arras</er>.]</ety> <def>A material of wool or silk used for

working the figures in embroidery.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*ras"tre</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp.

those containing free gold.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ar"ras*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar"ras*ways`</hw></mhw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a

corruption of <ets>arriswise</ets>. See <er>Arris</er>.]</ety>

<def>Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two

sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular

form.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit. Cussans.</au>



<hw>Ar*raught"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[The past tense of an old

v. <ets>areach</ets> or <ets>arreach</ets>. Cf. <er>Reach</er>,

obs. pret. <ets>raught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obtained; seized.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar*ray"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>arai</ets>, <ets>arrai</ets>, OF. <ets>arrai</ets>,

<ets>arrei</ets>, <ets>arroi</ets>, order, arrangement, dress, F.

<ets>arroi</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + OF.

<ets>rai</ets>, <ets>rei</ets>, <ets>roi</ets>, order,

arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. <ets>raidjan</ets>,

<ets>garaidjan</ets>, to arrange, MHG. <ets>gereiten</ets>, Icel.

<ets>rei\'ebi</ets> rigging, harness; akin to E.

<ets>ready</ets>. Cf. <er>Ready</er>, <er>Greith</er>,

<er>Curry</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Order; a regular and

imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order

of battle; <as>as, drawn up in battle <ex>array</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Wedged together in the closest <qex>array</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The whole body of persons thus placed in order;

an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.</def>



<q>A gallant <qex>array</qex> of nobles and cavaliers.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An imposing series of things.</def>



<q>Their long <qex>array</qex> of sapphire and of gold.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Dress; garments disposed in order upon the

person; rich or beautiful apparel.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A ranking or

setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as

impaneled in a cause.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The panel

itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of jurors summoned

to attend the court.</def>



<cs><col>To challenge the array</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to

except to the whole panel.</cd> <au>Cowell.</au>

<au>Tomlins</au>. <au>Blount</au>. -- <col>Commission of

array</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a commission given by

the prince to officers in every county, to muster and

<xex>array<xex> the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for

war.</cd>  <au>Blackstone.</au></cs>



<hw>Ar*ray"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Arrayed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Arraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>araien</ets>, <ets>arraien</ets>, fr. OE.

<ets>arraier</ets>, <ets>arreier</ets>, <ets>arreer</ets>,

<ets>arroier</ets>, fr. <ets>arrai</ets>. See <er>Array</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place or dispose in

order, as troops for battle; to marshal.</def>



<q>By torch and trumpet fast <qex>arrayed</qex>,

Each horseman drew his battle blade.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<q>These doubts will be <qex>arrayed</qex> before their

minds.</q>

<qau>Farrar.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth

to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.</def>



<q>Pharaoh . . . <qex>arrayed</qex> him in vestures of fine

linen.</q>

<qau>Gen. xli.<?/.</qau>



<q>In gelid caves with horrid gloom <qex>arrayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To set in order, as a jury, for

the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<cs><col>To array a panel</col>, <cd>to set forth in order the

men that are impaneled.</cd></cs>



<au>Cowell. Tomlins.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.</syn>



<hw>Ar*ray"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who arrays. In some

early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the

soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.</def>



<hw>Ar*rear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>arere</ets>, OF. <ets>arere</ets>, <ets>ariere</ets>, F.

<ets>arri\'8are</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + retro</ets> backward. See

<er>Rear</er>.]</ety> <def>To or in the rear; behind;

backwards.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar*rear"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is behind in

payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder,

or balance which remains due when some part has been paid;

arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, <as>as,

<ex>arrears</ex> of rent, wages, or taxes</as>.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<q>For much I dread due payment by the Greeks

Of yesterday's <qex>arrear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>I have a large <qex>arrear</qex> of letters to write.</q>

<qau>J. D. Forbes.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>In arrear</col> <or/ <col>In arrears</col></mcol>,

<cd>behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*rear"age</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arr\'82rage</ets>, fr. <ets>arri\'8are</ets>, OF.

<ets>arere</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>That which

remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part;

arrears.</def>



<q>The old <qex>arrearages</qex> . . . being defrayed.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*rect"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*rect"ed</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>arrectus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>arrigere</ets> to raise, erect; <ets>ad + regere</ets> to

lead straight, to direct.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lifted up;

raised; erect.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attentive, as a person listening.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the

vigilant and <qex>arrect</qex>.</q>

<qau>Smalridge.</qau>



<hw>Ar*rect"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

direct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>My supplication to you I <qex>arrect</qex>.</q>

<qau>Skelton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Aret</er>.]</ety> <def>To impute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<hw>Ar*rect"a*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arrectarius</ets>, fr. <ets>arrigere</ets> o set up.]</ety>

<def>An upright beam.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ar`re*not"o*kous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ bearing males; <?/ a male + <?/ a bringing forth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Producing males from unfertilized

eggs, as certain wasps and bees.</def>



<hw>Ar`ren*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>arrenter</ets> to give or take as rent. See

<er>Arendator</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A

letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest

with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.</def>



<hw>Ar*rep"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arripere</ets>, <ets>arreptum</ets>, to seize, snatch;

<ets>ad + rapere</ets> to snatch. See <er>Rapacious</er>.]</ety>

<def>The act of taking away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThis

<xex>arreption</xex> was sudden.\'b8



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ar`rep*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arreptitius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Snatched away; seized or

possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Odd, <qex>arreptitious</qex>, frantic extravagances.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Ar*rest"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arrested</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arresting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aresten</ets>, OF. <ets>arester</ets>, F.

<ets>arr\'88ter</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>arrestare</ets>; L. <ets>ad +

restare</ets> to remain, stop; <ets>re + stare</ets> to stand.

See <er>Rest</er> remainder.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop; to

check or hinder the motion or action of; <as>as, to

<ex>arrest</ex> the current of a river; to <ex>arrest</ex> the

senses.</as></def>



<q>Nor could her virtues the relentless hand

Of Death <qex>arrest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To take, seize, or apprehend by

authority of law; <as>as, to <ex>arrest</ex> one for debt, or for

a crime</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ After his word Shakespeare uses <xex>of</xex> (\'bdI

<xex>arrest</xex> thee <xex>of</xex> high treason\'b8) or

<xex>on</xex>; the modern usage is <xex>for</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; <as>as,

to <ex>arrest</ex> the eyes or attention</as>.</def>



<au>Buckminster.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We may <qex>arrest</qex> our thoughts upon the divine

mercies.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop;

apprehend; seize; lay hold of.</syn>



<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To tarry; to rest.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar*rest"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>arest</ets>,

<ets>arrest</ets>, OF. <ets>arest</ets>, F. <ets>arr\'88t</ets>,

fr. <ets>arester</ets>. See <er>Arrest</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<er>Arr<?/t</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of stopping, or

restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance;

restraint; <as>as, an <ex>arrest</ex> of development</as>.</def>



<q>As the <qex>arrest</qex> of the air showeth.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The taking or apprehending of a

person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a

decree, mandate, or warrant.</def>



<q>William . . . ordered him to be put under

<qex>arrest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>[Our brother Norway] sends out <qex>arrests</qex>

On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ An arrest may be made by seizing or touching the

body; but it is sufficient in the party be within the power of

the officer and submit to the arrest. In Admiralty law, and in

old English practice, the term is applied to the seizure of

property.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any seizure by power, physical or moral.</def>



<q>The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep,

etc., . . . were sad <qex>arrests</qex> to his troubled

spirit.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A scurfiness of the back part

of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named

<xex>rat-tails</xex>.</def>



<au>White.</au>



<cs><col>Arrest of judgment</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the

staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal

cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in

<xex>arrest of judgment<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`res*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arrestation</ets>, LL. <ets>arrestatio</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Arrest.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>arrestation</qex> of the English resident in France

was decreed by the National Convention.</q>

<qau>H. M. Williams.</qau>



<hw>Ar`res*tee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Arrest</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>

<def>The person in whose hands is the property attached by

arrestment.</def>



<hw>Ar*rest"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who arrests.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The person at whose suit

an arrestment is made.</def> <altsp>[Also written

<asp>arrestor</asp>.]</altsp>



<-- p. 84  -->



<hw>Ar*rest"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Striking;

attracting attention; impressive.</def>



<q>This most solemn and <qex>arresting</qex> occurrence.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Ar*rest"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

arrest.</def>



<au>McCosh.</au>



<hw>Ar*rest"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>arrestement</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>

<def>The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp.,

a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third

party are attached.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stoppage or check.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar*r\'88t</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Arrest</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(F. Law)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or

high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>An arrest; a legal seizure.</def>



<hw>Ar*ret"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Aret</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ar`rha*phos"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to sew together.]</ety> <def>Seamless.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*rhi"zal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*rhi"zous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ not rooted; <?/

priv. + <?/ a root.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a

true root, as a parasitical plant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*rhyth"mic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*rhyth"mous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. +

<?/ rhythm.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Being without rhythm or

regularity, as the pulse.</def>



<hw>Ar"rhyt*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ rhythm.]</ety> <def>Want of rhythm.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar*ride"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arridere</ets>; <ets>ad + ridere</ets> to laugh.]</ety>

<def>To please; to gratify.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<q>Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most

<qex>arride</qex> and solace me are thy repositories of moldering

learning.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<hw>Ar*riere"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arri\'8are</ets>. See <er>Arrear</er>.]</ety> <def>\'bdThat

which is behind\'b8; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in

the sense of <xex>behind</xex>, <xex>rear</xex>,

<xex>subordinate</xex>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Arriere fee</col>, <col>Arriere fief</col></mcol>,

<cd>a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a

feudatory.</cd> -- <col>Arriere vassal</col>, <cd>the vassal of a

vassal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*riere"-ban`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

OE. <ets>arban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>hariban</ets>, <ets>heriban</ets>, G. <ets>heerbann</ets>,

the calling together of an army; OHG. <ets>heri</ets> an army +

<ets>ban</ets> a public call or order. The French have

misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into

<ets>arri\'8are</ets>-<ets>ban</ets>, though

<ets>arri\'8are</ets> has no connection with its proper meaning.

See <er>Ban</er>, <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>A proclamation,

as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate

feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the

field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be

called to arms, as in ancient France.</def>



<hw>Ar"ris</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>areste</ets>, F. <ets>ar\'88te</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>arista</ets> the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone

of a fish.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The sharp edge or

salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether

plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in

moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in

a Doric column.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<cs><col>Arris fillet</col>, <cd>a triangular piece of wood used

to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw

off the rain.</cd> <au>Gwilt</au>. -- <col>Arris gutter</col>,

<cd>a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building.</cd>

<au>Gwilt</au>.</cs>



<hw>Ar"rish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Eddish</er>.]</ety> <def>The stubble of wheat or grass; a

stubble field; eddish.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>arish</asp>, <asp>ersh</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<q>The moment we entered the stubble or <qex>arrish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<hw>Ar"ris*wise`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.</def>



<hw>Ar*riv"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Arrive</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of arriving, or

coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by

water (as in its original sense) or by land.</def>



<q>Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes,

Expect his swift <qex>arrival</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The attainment or reaching of any object, by

effort, or in natural course; <as>as, our <ex>arrival</ex> at

this conclusion was wholly unexpected</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The person or thing arriving or which has

arrived; <as>as, news brought by the last

<ex>arrival</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Another <qex>arrival</qex> still more important was speedily

announced.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An approach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The house has a corner <qex>arrival</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. Walpole.</qau>



<hw>Ar*riv"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Arrival.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ar*rive"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arrived</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arriving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>ariven</ets> to

arrive, land, OF. <ets>ariver</ets>, F. <ets>arriver</ets>, fr.

LL. <ets>arripare</ets>, <ets>adripare</ets>, to come to shore;

L. <ets>ad + ripa</ets> the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf.

<er>Riparian</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come to the shore

or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by

traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by

<xex>at</xex> (formerly sometimes by <xex>to</xex>), also by

<xex>in</xex> and <xex>from</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Arrived</xex>

in Padua.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>[\'92neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily,

<qex>arrived</qex> . . . and landed in the country of

Laurentum.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<q>There was no outbreak till the regiment <qex>arrived</qex> at

Ipswich.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain

or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry,

reasoning, or experiment.</def>



<cs><col>To arrive at</col>, <cd>or attain to.</cd></cs>



<q>When he <qex>arrived at</qex> manhood.</q>

<qau>Rogers.</qau>



<q>We <qex>arrive at</qex> knowledge of a law of nature by the

generalization of facts.</q>

<qau>McCosh.</qau>



<q>If <qex>at</qex> great things thou wouldst

<qex>arrive</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come; said of time; <as>as, the time

<ex>arrived</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To happen or occur.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Happy! to whom this glorious death <qex>arrives</qex>.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring to

shore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And made the sea-trod ship <qex>arrive</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach; to come to.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Ere he <qex>arrive</qex> the happy isle.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Ere we could <qex>arrive</qex> the point proposed.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Arrive</qex> at last the blessed goal.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ar*rive"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Arrival.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>How should I joy of thy <qex>arrive</qex> to hear!</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Ar*riv"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

arrives.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*ro"ba</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. and

Pg., from Ar. <ets>arrub</ets>, <ets>ar</ets>-<ets>rubu</ets>, a

fourth part.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Spanish weight used in

Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old

Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp.

gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.</def>



<hw>Ar"ro*gance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>arrogantia</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogans</ets>. See

<er>Arrogant</er>.]</ety> <def>The act or habit of arrogating, or

making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of

pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity,

estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of

the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others;

lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.</def>



<q>I hate not you for her proud <qex>arrogance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness;

presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness.

See <er>Haughtiness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar"ro*gan*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Arrogance.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ar"ro*gant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arrogant</ets>, L. <ets>arrogans</ets>, p. pr. of

<ets>arrogare</ets>. See <er>Arrogate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims

of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of

importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.</def>



<q><qex>Arrogant</qex> Winchester, that haughty prelate.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance;

proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to

things; <as>as, <ex>arrogant</ex> pretensions or

behavior</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing;

presumptuous; haughty. See <er>Magisterial</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an arrogant

manner; with undue pride or self-importance.</def>



<hw>Ar"ro*gant*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Arrogance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"ro*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arrogated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arrogating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>arrogatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>adrogare</ets>, <ets>arrogare</ets>, to ask, appropriate

to one's self; <ets>ad + rogare</ets> to ask. See

<er>Rogation</er>.]</ety> <def>To assume, or claim as one's own,

unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from

vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; <as>as, the

pope <ex>arrogated</ex> dominion over kings</as>.</def>



<q>He <qex>arrogated</qex> to himself the right of deciding

dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ar`ro*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arrogatio</ets>, fr. <ets>arrogare</ets>. Cf.

<er>Adrogation</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more

than one is justly entitled to.</def>



<au>Hall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Civ. Law)</fld> <def>Adoption of a person of

full age.</def>



<hw>Ar"ro*ga*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making

undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ron`disse`ment"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>arrondir</ets> to make round; <ets>ad +

rond</ets> round, L. <ets>rotundus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

subdivision of a department.</def> <mark>[France]</mark>



<note><hand/ The territory of France, since the revolution, has

been divided into <xex>departments</xex>, those into

<xex>arrondissements</xex>, those into <xex>cantons</xex>, and

the latter into <xex>communes</xex>.</note>



<hw>Ar*rose"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>arroser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To drench; to besprinkle; to

moisten.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The blissful dew of heaven does <qex>arrose</qex> you.</q>

<qau>Two N. Kins.</qau>



<hw>Ar*ro"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arrodere</ets>, <ets>arrosum</ets>, to gnaw: cf. F.

<ets>arrosion</ets>.]</ety> <def>A gnawing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Ar"row</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>arewe</ets>, AS. <ets>arewe</ets>, <ets>earh</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>\'94r</ets>, <ets>\'94rvar</ets>, Goth.

<ets>arhwazna</ets>, and perh. L. <ets>arcus</ets> bow. Cf.

<er>Arc</er>.]</ety> <def>A missile weapon of offense, slender,

pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a

bow.</def>



<cs><col>Broad arrow</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> An arrow with a

broad head. <sd>(b)</sd> A mark placed upon British ordnance and

government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad

arrowhead.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"row grass`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous grasslike plant

<spn>(Triglochin palustre, and other species)</spn> with pods

opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.</def>



<hw>Ar"row*head`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The head of an arrow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aquatic plant of the genus

<spn>Sagittaria</spn>, esp. <spn>S. sagittifolia</spn>, -- named

from the shape of the leaves.</def>



<hw>Ar"row*head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like the head

of an arow; cuneiform.</def>



<cs><col>Arrowheaded characters</col>, <cd>characters the

elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads,

nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also <xex>nail-headed<xex>,

<xex>wedge-formed<xex>, <xex>cuneiform<xex>, or

<xex>cuneatic<xex> characters; the oldest written characters used

in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently

in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh,

and Babylon. See <er>Cuneiform</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"row*root`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A west Indian plant of the genus

<spn>Maranta</spn>, esp. <spn>M. arundinacea</spn>, now

cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used

the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned

arrows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks

of <spn>Maranta arundinacea</spn>, and used as food, esp. for

children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other

plants, as various species of <spn>Maranta</spn> and

<spn>Curcuma</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ar"row*wood`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shrub

<spn>(Viburnum dentatum)</spn> growing in damp woods and

thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender

shoots.</def>



<hw>Ar"row*worm`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

peculiar transparent worm of the genus <spn>Sagitta</spn>, living

at the surface of the sea. See <er>Sagitta</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"row*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of arrows.</def>



<q>How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot

Sharp sleet of <qex>arrowy</qex> showers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formed or moving like, or in any respect

resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing.</def> \'bdHis

<xex>arrowy</xex> tongue.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>By the blue rushing of the <qex>arrowy</qex> Rhone.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>With <qex>arrowy</qex> vitalities, vivacities, and

ingenuities.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ar*roy"o</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl

<plw>Arroyos</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp., fr. LL.

<ets>arrogium</ets>; cf. Gr. <?/ river, stream, fr. <?/ to

flow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A water course; a rivulet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dry bed of a small stream.</def>

<mark>[Western U. S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ar"schin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Arshine</er>.</def>



<hw>Arse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>ears</ets>;

<ets>\'91rs</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>ars</ets>. G.

<ets>arsch</ets>, D. <ets>aars</ets>, Sw. <ets>ars</ets>, Dan.

<ets>arts</ets>, Gr. <?/ (cf. <?/ tail).]</ety> <def>The

buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the

fundament; the bottom.</def>



<hw>Ar"se*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. & F.

<ets>arsenal</ets> arsenal, dockyard, or It. <ets>arzanale</ets>,

<ets>arsenale</ets> (cf. It. & <ets>darsena</ets> dock); all fr.

Ar. <ets>d\'ber<?/in\'be'a</ets> house of industry or

fabrication; <ets>d\'ber</ets> house + <ets><?/in\'be</ets> art,

industry.]</ety> <def>A public establishment for the storage, or

for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military

equipments, whether for land or naval service.</def>



<hw>Ar"se*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of arsenic acid.</def>



<hw>Ar*se"ni*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Arsenate</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ar"se*nic</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arsenicum</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, yellow orpiment, perh. fr.

<?/ or better Attic <?/ masculine, <?/ male, on account of its

strength, or fr. Per. <ets>zern\'c6kh</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>arsenic</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in

its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking

with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant

luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and

sublimes at 356<deg/ Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native,

but usually combined with silver, cobalt, nickel, iron, antimony,

or sulphur. Orpiment and realgar are two of its sulphur

compounds, the first of which is the true <xex>arsenticum</xex>

of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active

poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol

As.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>Arsenious oxide or arsenious

anhydride; -- called also <altname>arsenious acid</altname>,

<altname>white arsenic</altname>, and

<altname>ratsbane</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ar*sen"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those

compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest

equivalence; <as>as, <ex>arsenic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar*sen"ic*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to, or

containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenical</ex> vapor;

<ex>arsenical</ex> wall papers.</as></def>



<cs><col>Arsenical silver</col>, <cd>an ore of silver containing

arsenic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*sen"i*cate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Arsenicated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Arsenicating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To combine with arsenic;

to treat or impregnate with arsenic.</def>



<hw>Ar*sen"i*cism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.</def>



<hw>Ar"sen*ide</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of arsenic with a metal, or

positive element or radical; -- formerly called

<xex>arseniuret</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ar`sen*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or producing arsenic.</def>



<hw>Ar*se"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ars\'82nieux</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to,

consisting of, or containing, arsenic; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex>

powder or glass</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived

from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the

highest; <as>as, <ex>arsenious</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"sen*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ars\'82nite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt

formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.</def>



<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Arsenide</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or

radicals; <as>as, <ex>arseniureted</ex> hydrogen</as>.</def>

<altsp>[Also spelt <asp>arseniuretted</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Arsenic</ets> + <ets>pyrite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a tin-white color and

metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also

called <xex>arsenical pyrites</xex> and

<xex>mispickel</xex>.</def>



<hw>Arse"smart</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Smartweed;

water pepper.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar"shine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>arshin</ets>, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk.

<ets>arshin</ets>, <ets>arsh\'d4n</ets>, ell, yard.]</ety> <def>A

Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.</def>



<hw>Ar"sine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Arsenic</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of

arsenic and hydrogen, <chform>AsH3</chform>, a colorless and

exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic;

arseniureted hydrogen.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arsis</ets>, Gr. <?/ a raising or lifting, an elevation of

the voice, fr. <?/ to raise or apprehension; originally and

properly it denotes the <ets>lifting</ets> of the hand in beating

time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of a

foot where the <xex>ictus</xex> is put, or which is distinguished

from the rest (known as the <xex>thesis</xex>) of the foot by a

greater stress of voice.</def> <au>Hermann</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>That elevation of voice now called <altname>metrical

accentuation</altname>, or the rhythmic accent.</def>



<note><hand/ It is uncertain whether the <xex>arsis</xex>

originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or

longer duration of sound, or in all combined.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The elevation of the hand, or

that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the

weak or unaccented part of the bar; -- opposed to

<xex>thesis</xex>.</def>



<au>Moore.</au>



<hw>Ars`met"rike</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[An

erroneous form of <ets>arithmetic</ets>, as if from L. <ets>ars

metrica</ets> the measuring art.]</ety> <def>Arithmetic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ar"son</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>arson</ets>, <ets>arsun</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ardere</ets>,

<ets>arsum</ets>, to burn.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The

malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man,

which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary

firing of a building or ship.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<note><hand/ The definition of this crime is varied by statues in

different countries and states. The English law of arson has been

considerably modified in the United States; in some of the States

it has been materially enlarged, while in others, various degrees

of arson have been established, with corresponding

punishment.</note>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Art</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The second person singular,

indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb

<er>Be</er>; but formed after the analogy of the plural

<xex>are</xex>, with the ending -<xex>t</xex>, as in thou

shal<xex>t</xex>, wil<xex>t</xex>, orig. an ending of the second

person sing. pret. Cf. <er>Be</er>. Now used only in solemn or

poetical style.</def>



<-- p. 85  -->



<hw>Art</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>art</ets>,

L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, orig., skill in joining or

fitting; prob. akin to E. <ets>arm</ets>, <ets>aristocrat</ets>,

<ets>article</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The employment of

means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in

the natural world to the uses of life; the application of

knowledge or power to practical purposes.</def>



<q>Blest with each grace of nature and of <qex>art</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A system of rules serving to facilitate the

performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules

for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special

work; -- often contradistinguished from <xex>science</xex> or

speculative principles; <as>as, the <ex>art</ex> of building or

engraving; the <ex>art</ex> of war; the <ex>art</ex> of

navigation.</as></def>



<q>Science is systematized knowledge . . . <xex>Art</xex> is

knowledge made efficient by skill.</q>

<qau>J. F. Genung.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The systematic application of knowledge or skill

in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business

requiring such knowledge or skill.</def>



<q>The fishermen can't employ their <qex>art</qex> with so much

success in so troubled a sea.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The application of skill to the production of

the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which

skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the

fine arts; <as>as, he prefers <ex>art</ex> to

literature</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Those branches of learning

which are taught in the academical course of colleges; <as>as,

master of <ex>arts</ex></as>.</def>



<q>In fearless youth we tempt the heights of <qex>arts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Four years spent in the <qex>arts</qex> (as they are called in

colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or

letters.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>So vast is <qex>art</qex>, so narrow human wit.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing

certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation;

knack; a, a man has the <xex>art</xex> of managing his business

to advantage.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Skillful plan; device.</def>



<q>They employed every <qex>art</qex> to soothe . . . the

discontented warriors.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Cunning; artifice; craft.</def>



<q>Madam, I swear I use no <qex>art</qex> at all.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Animals practice <qex>art</qex> when opposed to their

superiors in strength.</q>

<qau>Crabb.</qau>



<hw>10</hw> <def>To black art; magic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Art and part</col> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>, <cd>share or

concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of

a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution;

complicity.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The <xex>arts</xex> are divided into various

classes. <col>The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts</col>

are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the

mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called

<xex>trades</xex>. <col>The fine arts</col> are those which have

primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the

production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music,

painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is

often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. <col>The

liberal arts</col> (<xex>artes liberales</xex>, the higher arts,

which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue)

were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, --

grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and

astronomy. In modern times the <xex>liberal arts</xex> include

the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course

of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the

<xex>arts</xex>; master and bachelor of <xex>arts</xex>.</note>



<q>In America, literature and the elegant <qex>arts</qex> must

grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily

necessity.</q>

<qau>Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill;

dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade;

calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See

<er>Science</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Ar*te"mi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, a Greek goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the

brine shrimp. See <er>Brine shrimp</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar`te*mi"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Artemisia</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of plants including the plants called mugwort,

southernwood, and wormwood. Of these <spn>A. absinthium</spn>, or

common wormwood, is well known, and <spn>A. tridentata</spn> is

the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.</def>



<hw>Ar*te"ri*ac</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arteriacus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Artery</er>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to the windpipe.</def>



<hw>Ar*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>art\'82riel</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to an artery, or the arteries; <as>as, <ex>arterial</ex> action;

the <ex>arterial</ex> system.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling

an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad.</def>



<cs><col>Arterial blood</col>, <cd>blood which has been changed

and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the

lungs.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The process of converting venous blood

into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen

being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also

<altname>a\'89ration</altname> and

<altname>hematosis</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ar*te"ri*al*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Arterialized</er>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Arterializing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by

exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.</def>



<hw>Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A systematic description of the

arteries.</def>



<hw>Ar*te"ri*ole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>arteriola</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>arteria</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>art\'82riole</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small artery.</def>



<hw>Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which

treats of arteries.</def>



<hw>Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arteriotomia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ a cutting.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The opening of an artery, esp.

for bloodletting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of anatomy which treats of the

dissection of the arteries.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`te*ri"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Artery</ets> + <ets>-etis</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Inflammation of an artery or arteries.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Ar"ter*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Artplwies</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>arteria</ets> windpipe, artery, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The trachea or windpipe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdUnder

the <xex>artery</xex>, or windpipe, is the mouth of the

stomach.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of the vessels or tubes

which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They

have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are

connected with them by capillaries.</def>



<note><hand/ In man and other mammals, the arteries which contain

arterialized blood receive it from the left ventricle of the

heart through the aorta. See <er>Aorta</er>. The <xex>pulmonary

artery</xex> conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to

the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the

pulmonary veins.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of

communication; <as>as, <ex>arteries</ex> of trade or

commerce</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar*te"sian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>art\'82sien</ets>, fr. <ets>Artois</ets> in France, where

many such wells have been made since the middle of the last

century.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called

<xex>Artesium</xex>), in France.</def>



<cs><col>Artesian wells</col>, <cd>wells made by boring into the

earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal

pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually

of small diameter and often of great depth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Art"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Art</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Performed with, or

characterized by, art or skill.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Artful</xex> strains.\'b8 \'bd<xex>Artful</xex>

terms.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artificial; imitative.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or

contrivance; dexterous; skillful.</def>



<q>He [was] too <qex>artful</qex> a writer to set down events in

exact historical order.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of

dealing; crafty; <as>as, an <ex>artful</ex> boy</as>. [The usual

sense.]</def>



<q><qex>Artful</qex> in speech, in action, and in mind.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The <qex>artful</qex> revenge of various animals.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty;

tricky; deceitful; designing. See <er>Cunning</er>.</syn>



<hw>Art"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an artful manner;

with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.</def>



<hw>Art"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

artful; art; cunning; craft.</def>



<hw>Ar"then</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as</def>

<er>Earthen</er>. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAn <xex>arthen</xex>

pot.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*thrit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*thrit"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arthriticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Arthritis</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the joints.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar*thri"tis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/ (as if fem. of <?/ belonging to the joints, sc. <?/

disease) gout, fr. <?/ a joint.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Any

inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.</def>



<hw>Ar"thro*derm</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

joint + <ets>'derm</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

external covering of an Arthropod.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*thro"di*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ well articulated; <?/ a joint + <?/

shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A form of diarthrodial

articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so

that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*thro"di*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ar*throd"ic</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

arthrodia.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`thro*dyn"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/<?/ pain.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection characterized by pain in or

about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.</def>



<hw>Ar`thro*dyn"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`thro*gas"tra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ stomach.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the Arachnida, having

the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.;

pedipalpi.</def>



<hw>Ar*throg"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ joint + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The description of

joints.</def>



<hw>Ar*throl"o*gy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ joint +

<ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of anatomy which treats

of joints.</def>



<hw>Ar"thro*mere</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

joint + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the body segments of Arthropods. See

<er>Arthrostraca</er>.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ar`thro*pleu"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ the side.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The side or limb-bearing portion of an

arthromere.</def>



<hw>Ar"thro*pod</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Arthropoda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*throp"o*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large division of Articulata,

embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects,

Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ar*throp"o*dal</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Ar`thro*pom"a*ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ lid.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See

<er>Branchiopoda</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*thro"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ joint.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Articulation.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*thros"tra*ca</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ joint + <?/ a shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because

the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It

includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.</def>



<hw>Ar`thro*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

joint + <?/ animal, fr. <?/ an animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Articulata;

articulate.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*ad</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ even,

fr. <?/ exactly.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Even; not odd; --

said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of

which is divisible by two without a remainder.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*choke</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>articioc<?/o</ets>, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as

<ets>carciofo</ets>; cf. older spellings <ets>archiciocco</ets>,

<ets>archicioffo</ets>, <ets>carciocco</ets>, and Sp.

<ets>alcachofa</ets>, Pg. <ets>alcachofra</ets>; prob. fr. Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>harshaf</ets>,

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>kharsh<?/f</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The <xex>Cynara scolymus</xex>, a plant somewhat

resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly

involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is

composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting

on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales,

is much esteemed as an article of food.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Jerusalem artichoke</er>.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>articulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>artus</ets> joint, akin to Gr.

<?/, fr. a root <ets>ar</ets> to join, fit. See <er>Art</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A distinct portion of an

instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing,

consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various

topics; <as>as, an <ex>article</ex> in the Constitution</as>.

Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or

the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a

concise statement; <as>as, <ex>articles</ex> of

agreement</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A literary composition, forming an independent

portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Subject; matter; concern; distinct.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A very great revolution that happened in this

<qex>article</qex> of good breeding.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>This last <qex>article</qex> will hardly be believed.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A distinct part.</def>   \'bdUpon each

<xex>article</xex> of human duty.\'b8 <au>Paley</au>. \'bdEach

<xex>article</xex> of time.\'b8 <au>Habington</au>.



<q>The <qex>articles</qex> which compose the blood.</q>

<qau>E. Darwin.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A particular one of various things; <as>as, an

<ex>article</ex> of merchandise; salt is a necessary

<ex>article</ex>.</as></def>



<q>They would fight not for articles of faith, but for

<qex>articles</qex> of food.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Precise point of time; moment.</def> <mark>[Obs.

or Archaic]</mark>



<q>This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the

<qex>article</qex> of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have

had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his

prejudice.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>One of the three words,

<xex>a</xex>, <xex>an</xex>, <xex>the</xex>, used before nouns to

limit or define their application. <xex>A</xex> (or

<xex>an</xex>) is called the indefinite article, <xex>the</xex>

the definite article.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the segments of an

articulated appendage.</def>



<cs><col>Articles of Confederation</col>, <cd>the compact which

was first made by the original thirteen States of the United

States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme

law until March, 1789.</cd> -- <col>Articles of

impeachment</col>, <cd>an instrument which, in cases of

impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in

a common criminal case.</cd> -- <col>Articles of war</col>,

<cd>rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better

government of the army.</cd> -- <col>In the article of

death</col> <ety>[L. <ets>in articulo mortis<ets>]</ety>, <cd>at

the moment of death; in the dying struggle.</cd> -- <col>Lords of

the articles</col> <fld>(Scot. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a standing

committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the

drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws.</cd> --

<col>The Thirty-nine Articles</col>, <cd>statements (thirty-nine

in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Articled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Articling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>articuler</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulare</ets>. See

<er>Article</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Articulate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To formulate in articles; to set forth in

distinct particulars.</def>



<q>If all his errors and follies were <qex>articled</qex> against

him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To accuse or charge by an exhibition of

articles.</def>



<q>He shall be <qex>articled</qex> against in the high court of

admiralty.</q>

<qau>Stat. 33 Geo. III.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation;

<as>as, to <ex>article</ex> an apprentice to a

mechanic</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*cle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To agree by articles;

to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Then he <qex>articled</qex> with her that he should go away

when he pleased.</q>

<qau>Selden.</qau>



<hw>Ar"ti*cled</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bound by

articles; apprenticed; <as>as, an <ex>articled</ex>

clerk</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>articularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>articulaire</ets>. See

<er>Article</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

the joints; <as>as, an <ex>articular</ex> disease; an

<ex>articular</ex> process.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*tic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar*tic"u*la*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bone in the base of the lower jaw of

many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.</def>



<-- p. 86  -->



<hw>Ar*tic"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an articular or

an articulate manner.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*tic`u*la"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Neut. pl. from L. <ets>articulatus</ets> furnished with

joints, distinct, p. p. of <ets>articulare</ets>.  See

<er>Article</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the four subkingdoms in the

classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later

writers.</def>



<note><hand/ It includes those Invertebrata having the body

composed of ringlike segments (arthromeres). By some writers, the

unsegmented worms (helminths) have also been included; by others

it is restricted to the Arthropoda. It corresponds nearly with

the Annulosa of some authors. The chief subdivisions are

Arthropoda (Insects, Myriapoda, Arachnida, Pycnogonida,

Crustacea); and Anarthropoda, including the Annelida and allied

forms.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda,

including those that have the shells united by a hinge.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A subdivision of the Crinoidea.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>articulatus</ets>. See <er>Articulata</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Expressed in articles or in separate items or

particulars.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of

segments united by joints; <as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> animals or

plants</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be

intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables;

<as>as, <ex>articulate</ex> speech, sounds, words</as>.</def>



<q>Total changes of party and <qex>articulate</qex> opinion.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Articulated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Articulating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter articulate

sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to

enunciate; to speak distinctly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat or make terms.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To join or be connected by articulation.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints

or at the joints.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw up or write in separate articles; to

particularize; to specify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in

distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; <as>as, to

<ex>articulate</ex> letters or language</as>.</def> \'bdTo

<xex>articulate</xex> a word.\'b8



<au>Ray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To express distinctly; to give utterance

to.</def>



<q>Luther <qex>articulated</qex> himself upon a process that hand

already begun in the Christian church.</q>

<qau>Bibliotheca Sacra.</qau>



<q>To . . . <qex>articulate</qex> the dumb, deep want of the

people.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; <as>as,

an <ex>articulated</ex> skeleton</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the

organs of speech; pronounced.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>After the manner, or in the form, of a

joint.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Article by article; in distinct particulars; in

detail; definitely.</def>



<au>Paley.</au>



<q>I had <qex>articulately</qex> set down in writing our

points.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>With distinct utterance of the separate

sounds.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*late*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

articulate.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>articulation</ets>, fr. L. <ets>articulatio</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A joint or juncture between

bones in the skeleton.</def>



<note><hand/ Articulations may be immovable, when the bones are

directly united (synarthrosis), or slightly movable, when they

are united intervening substance (amphiarthrosis), or they may be

more or less freely movable, when the articular surfaces are

covered with synovial membranes, as in complete joints

(diarthrosis). The last (diarthrosis) includes hinge joints,

admitting motion in one plane only (ginglymus), ball and socket

joints (enarthrosis), pivot and rotation joints, etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The connection of

the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the parts intercepted between the

joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular

intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the

cane, grasses, etc.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of putting together with a joint or

joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being jointed; connection of

parts.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>That definiteness and <qex>articulation</qex> of imagery.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The utterance of the elementary sounds of a

language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in

pronunciation; <as>as, a distinct

<ex>articulation</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate

utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.</def>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to articulation.</def>



<au>Bush.</au>



<hw>Ar*tic"u*la`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who, or that which, articulates; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One who

enunciates distinctly. <sd>(b)</sd> One who prepares and mounts

skeletons. <sd>(c)</sd> An instrument to cure stammering.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar*tic"u*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Articuli</plw> (#)</plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Article</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A joint of

the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod

appendage.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*fice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>artificium</ets>, fr. <ets>artifex</ets> artificer;

<ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art + <ets>facere</ets> to

make: cf. F. <ets>artifice</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

handicraft; a trade; art of making.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.</def>



<q>The material universe.. in the <qex>artifice</qex> of God, the

<qex>artifice</qex> of the best Mechanist.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Artful or skillful contrivance.</def>



<q>His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much

<qex>artifice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Craik.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or

elaborate trick. <note>[Now the usual meaning.]</note></def>



<q>Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous

<qex>artifices</qex> for the purpose of averting inquiry.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Ar*tif"i*cer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>artificier</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artificiarius</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer;

one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular

kind, as a silversmith.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor,

or framer.</def> \'bd<xex>Artificer</xex> of fraud.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>The great <qex>Artificer</qex> of all that moves.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cunning or artful fellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A military mechanic, as a

blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells,

fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>artificialis</ets>, fr. <ets>artificium</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>artificiel</ets>. See <er>Artifice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human

skill and labor, in opposition to <xex>natural</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>artificial</ex> heat or light, gems, salts, minerals,

fountains, flowers</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Artificial</qex> strife

Lives in these touches, livelier than life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not

genuine.</def> \'bd<xex>Artificial</xex> tears.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Artful; cunning; crafty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous

growth; <as>as, <ex>artificial</ex> grasses</as>.</def>



<au>Gibbon.</au>



<cs><col>Artificial arguments</col> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld>,

<cd>arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws,

authorities, and the like, which are called

<xex>inartificial<xex> arguments or proofs.</cd>

<au>Johnson</au>. -- <col>Artificial classification</col>

<fld>(Science)</fld>, <cd>an arrangement based on superficial

characters, and not expressing the true natural relations

species; as, \'bdthe <xex>artificial<xex> system\'b8 in botany,

which is the same as the Linn\'91an system.</cd> --

<col>Artificial horizon</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Horizon</er></cd>. <col>Artificial light</col>, <cd>any light

other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies.</cd> --

<col>Artificial lines</col>, <cd>lines on a sector or scale, so

contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents,

which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable

exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc.</cd> --

<col>Artificial numbers</col>, <cd>logarithms.</cd> --

<col>Artificial person</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See under

<er>Person</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artificial sines</col>,

<col>tangents</col></mcol>, <cd>etc., the same as logarithms of

the natural, tangents, etc. <xex>Hutton<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is

artificial.</def>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

render artificial.</def>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an

artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by

nature.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ingeniously; skillfully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The spider's web, finely and <qex>artificially</qex>

wrought.</q>

<au>Tillotson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Craftily; artfully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sharp dissembled so <qex>artificially</qex>.</q>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being artificial.</def>



<hw>Ar`ti*fi"cious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>artificiosus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Artificial.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Art"i*lize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art

instead of <qex>artilizing</qex> nature.</q>

<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>



<hw>Ar*til"ler*ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.</def>



<hw>Ar*til"ler*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>artilrie</ets>, OF. <ets>artillerie</ets>,

<ets>arteillerie</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>artillaria</ets>,

<ets>artilleria</ets>, machines and apparatus of all kinds used

in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F.

<ets>artillerie</ets> great guns, ordnance; OF.

<ets>artillier</ets> to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob.

from L. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, skill in joining

something, art. See <er>Art</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows,

and arrows.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And Jonathan gave his <qex>artillery</qex> unto his lad.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xx. 40.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns,

mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages,

balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is sometimes used in a more extended sense,

including the powder, cartridges, matches, utensils, machines of

all kinds, and horses, that belong to a train of

artillery.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The men and officers of that branch of the army

to which the care and management of artillery are confided.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The science of artillery or gunnery.</def>



<au>Campbell.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Artillery park</col>, or <col>Park of

artillery</col></mcol>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A collective body of

siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages,

ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for

working them. <sd>(b)</sd> The place where the artillery is

encamped or collected.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Artillery train</col>,

or <col>Train of artillery</col></mcol>, <cd>a number of pieces

of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready

for marching.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ar*til"ler*y*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man

who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ even + <?/ finger or toe.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the divisions of the ungulate

animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number,

and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle

finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit,

as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to

<xex>Perissodactyla</xex>.</def>



<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Artiodactyla.</def>



<hw>Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Even-toed.</def>



<hw>Ar"ti*san</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>artisan</ets>, fr. L. <ets>artitus</ets> skilled in arts,

fr. <ets>ars</ets>, <ets>artis</ets>, art: cf. It.

<ets>artigiano</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who professes and practices some liberal

art; an artist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic

art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic.</def>



<q>This is willingly submitted to by the <qex>artisan</qex>, who

can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Artificer; artist.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Artisan</er>, <er>Artist</er>, <er>Artificer</er>. An

<xex>artist</xex> is one who is skilled in some one of the fine

arts; an <xex>artisan</xex> is one who exercises any mechanical

employment. A portrait painter is an <xex>artist</xex>; a sign

painter is an <xex>artisan</xex>, although he may have the taste

and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a

fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands

only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An

<xex>artificer</xex> is one who requires power of contrivance and

adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest

neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches

to the term <xex>artisan</xex>, nor the ideas of refinement and

of peculiar skill which belong to the term

<xex>artist</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Art"ist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>artiste</ets>, LL. <ets>artista</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>ars</ets>. See <er>Art</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Artiste</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who practices some

mechanic art or craft; an artisan.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,

Instruct the <qex>articles</qex> and reward their.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who professes and practices an art in which

science and taste preside over the manual execution.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is particularly applied to painters,

sculptors, musicians, engravers, and architects.</note>



<au>Elmes.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any

manual art or occupation.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An artful person; a schemer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Artisan. See <er>Artisan</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Ar*tiste"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Artist</er>.]</ety> <def>One peculiarly dexterous and

tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a

hairdresser, a cook.</def>



<note><hand/ This term should not be confounded with the English

word <xex>artist</xex>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar*tis"tic</hw>, <hw>Ar*tis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>artistique</ets>, fr.

<ets>artiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to art or to

artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art;

characterized by art; showing taste or skill.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>Ar*tis"tic*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Art"ist*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Works of art collectively.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Artistic effect or quality.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Artistic pursuits; artistic ability.</def>



<au>The Academy.</au>



<hw>Art"less</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant;

unskillful.</def>



<q><qex>Artless</qex> of stars and of the moving sand.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contrived without skill or art;

inartistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q><qex>Artless</qex> and massy pillars.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem;

characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless;

ingenuous; honest; <as>as, an <ex>artless</ex> mind; an

<ex>artless</ex> tale.</as></def>



<q>They were plain, <qex>artless</qex> men, without the least

appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them.</q>

<qau>Porteus.</qau>



<q>O, how unlike the complex works of man,

Heaven's easy, <qex>artless</qex>, unencumbered plan!</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless;

unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.</syn>



<hw>Art"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an artless manner;

without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Art"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.</def>



<hw>Art"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With art or skill.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ar`to*car"pe*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>Ar`to*car"pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ bread + <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of

or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus

<spn>Artocarpus</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ar"to*type</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Art</ets> + <ets>type</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

autotype.</def>



<hw>Ar`to*ty"rite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>Artotyritae</ets>, pl., fr. Gr. <?/ bread + <?/

cheese.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One of a sect in the

primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and

cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the

fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [<au>Gen. iv. 3,

4.</au>]</def>



<hw>Ar"tow</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>A contraction of <xex>art

thou</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Arts"man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man skilled

in an art or in arts.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Art` un"ion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>An association for

promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement

to artists.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"rum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>arum</ets>,

<ets>aros</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>A genus of plants found in

central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a

spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an

example.</def>



<q>Our common <qex>arums</qex> the lords and ladies of village

children.</q>

<qau>Lubbock.</qau>



<note><hand/ The American \'bdJack in the pulpit\'b8 is now

separated from the genus Arum.</note>



<hw>Ar`un*del"ian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; <as>as, Arundel or

<ex>Arundelian</ex> marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought

by the Earl of Arundel in 1624</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar`un*dif"er*ous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arundifer</ets>; <ets>arundo</ets> reed + <ets>ferre</ets>

to bear.]</ety> <def>Producing reeds or canes.</def>



<hw>A*run`di*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arundinaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or

cane.</def>



<hw>Ar`un*din"e*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arundineus</ets>, fr. <ets>arundo</ets> reed.]</ety>

<def>Abounding with reeds; reedy.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*rus"pex</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aruspices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>aruspex</ets> or <ets>haruspex</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the

class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold

events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on

the altars of the gods.</def>



<hw>A*rus"pice</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aruspex</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aruspice</ets>. Cf.

<er>Aruspex</er>, <er>Haruspice</er>.]</ety> <def>A soothsayer of

ancient Rome. Same as <er>Aruspex</er>.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>haruspice</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*rus"pi*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aruspicium</ets>, <ets>haruspicium</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims

slain sacrifice.</def>



<hw>Ar"val</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[W.

<ets>arwyl</ets> funeral; <ets>ar</ets> over + <ets>wylo</ets> to

weep, or cf. <ets>arf\'94l</ets>; Icel. <ets>arfr</ets>

inheritance + Sw. <ets>\'94l</ets> ale. Cf.

<er>Bridal</er>.]</ety> <def>A funeral feast.</def> <mark>[North

of Eng.]</mark>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Ar"vi*cole</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>arvum</ets> field + <ets>colere</ets> to inhabit.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mouse of the genus

<spn>Arvicola</spn>; the meadow mouse. There are many

species.</def>



<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>\'berya</ets> excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the

country <ets>Iran</ets>, and perh. to <ets>Erin</ets>,

<ets>Ireland</ets>, and the early name of this people, at least

in Asia.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a primitive people

supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia,

east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo <?/<?/<?/<?/ and

Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which

sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic,

Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of

mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.</def>



<-- p. 87  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the original Aryans.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Arian</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ar"yan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic;

<as>as, the <ex>Aryan</ex> stock, the <ex>Aryan</ex>

languages</as>.</def>



<hw>Ar"yan*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make Aryan (a

language, or in language).</def>



<au>K. Johnston.</au>



<hw>A*ryt"e*noid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

shaped like a ladle; <?/ a ladle + <?/ form.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small

cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc.,

connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid

cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.</def>



<hw>As</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & conj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>as</ets>, <ets>als</ets>, <ets>alse</ets>, <ets>also</ets>,

<ets>al swa</ets>, AS. <ets>eal sw\'be</ets>, lit. all so; hence,

quite so, quite as: cf. G. <ets>als</ets> as, than,

<ets>also</ets> so, then. See <er>Also</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner;

like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in

accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in

which or to which; equally; no less than; <as>as, ye shall be

<ex>as</ex> gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap

<ex>as</ex> you sow; do <ex>as</ex> you are bidden.</as></def>



<q>His spiritual attendants adjured him, <qex>as</qex> he loved

his soul, to emancipate his brethren.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>As</xex> is often preceded by one of the

antecedent or correlative words <xex>such</xex>, <xex>same</xex>,

<xex>so</xex>, or <xex>as</xex>, in expressing an equality or

comparison; as, give us <xex>such</xex> things <xex>as</xex> you

please, and <xex>so</xex> long <xex>as</xex> you please, or

<xex>as</xex> long <xex>as</xex> you please; he is not

<xex>so</xex> brave <xex>as</xex> Cato; she is <xex>as</xex>

amiable <xex>as</xex> she is handsome; come <xex>as</xex> quickly

<xex>as</xex> possible. \'bdBees appear fortunately to prefer the

<xex>same</xex> colors <xex>as</xex> we do.\'b8 <au>Lubbock</au>.

<xex>As</xex>, in a preceding part of a sentence, has

<xex>such</xex> or <xex>so</xex> to answer correlatively to it;

<xex>as</xex> with the people, <xex>so</xex> with the

priest.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the idea, character, or condition of, --

limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; <as>as,

virtue considered <ex>as</ex> virtue; this actor will appear

<ex>as</ex> Hamlet.</as></def>



<q>The beggar is greater <qex>as</qex> a man, than is the man

merely <qex>as</qex> a king.</q>

<qau>Dewey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>While; during or at the same time that; when;

<as>as, he trembled <ex>as</ex> he spoke</as>.</def>



<q><qex>As</qex> I return I will fetch off these justices.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Because; since; it being the case that.</def>



<q><qex>As</qex> the population of Scotland had been generally

trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



[See Synonym under <er>Because</er>.]



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Expressing concession. (Often approaching

<xex>though</xex> in meaning).</def>



<q>We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest,

transient <qex>as</qex> it may be, which this work has

excited.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That, introducing or expressing a result or

consequence, after the correlatives <xex>so</xex> and

<xex>such</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I can place thee in such abject state, <qex>as</qex> help

shall never find thee.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<cs><col>So as</col>, <cd>so that. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>The relations are <qex>so</qex> uncertain <qex>as</qex> they

require a great deal of examination.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>As if; as though.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Poetic]</mark>



<q>He lies, <qex>as</qex> he his bliss did know.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used

to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Than.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<q>The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them

<qex>as</qex> they free to deal affronts to others their

superiors.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Expressing a wish. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>As</xex> have,\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>, may he have.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>As . . . as</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>So</cref> . . .

<xex>as<xex>, under <er>So</er>.</cd> -- <col>As far as</col>,

<cd>to the extent or degree.</cd> \'bd<xex>As far as<xex> can be

ascertained.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>. -- <col>As far forth

as</col>, <cd>as far as.</cd>  <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au> -- <mcol><col>As for</col>, <or/ <col>As

to</col></mcol>, <cd>in regard to; with respect to.</cd> --

<col>As good as</col>, <cd>not less than; not falling short

of.</cd> -- <col>As good as one's word</col>, <cd>faithful to a

promise.</cd> -- <mcol><col>As if</col>, or <col>As

though</col></mcol>, <cd>of the same kind, or in the same

condition or manner, that it would be if.</cd> -- <col>As it

were</col> (as if it were), <cd>a qualifying phrase used to

apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be

regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner.</cd> --

<col>As now</col>, <cd>just now.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au> -- <col>As swythe</col>, <cd>as quickly as

possible.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. -- <col>As

well</col>, <cd>also; too; besides.</cd> <au>Addison</au>. --

<col>As well as</col>, <cd>equally with, no less than.</cd> 

\'bdI have understanding <xex>as well as<xex> you.\'b8 <au>Job

xii. 3</au>. -- <col>As yet</col>, <cd>until now; up to or at the

present time; still; now.</cd></cs>



<hw>As</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <def>An ace.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Ambes-as</col>, <cd>double aces.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8As</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Asses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>as</ets>. See

<er>Ace</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Roman weight, answering

to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight.

It was divided into twelve ounces.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound

weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two

ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to

half an ounce.</def>



<hw>\'d8As"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>asa</ets>, of oriental origin; cf. Per. <ets>az\'be</ets>

mastic, Ar. <ets>as\'be</ets> healing, <ets>is\'be</ets>

remedy.]</ety> <def>An ancient name of a gum.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As`a*fet"i*da</hw>, <hw>As`a*f\'d2t"i*da</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Asa</ets> + L.

<ets>foetidus</ets> fetid.]</ety> <def>The fetid gum resin or

inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant <spn>(Ferula

asaf\'d2tida)</spn> of Persia and the East India. It is used in

medicine as an antispasmodic.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>assaf\'d2tida</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8As"a*phus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ indistinct, uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>



<hw>\'d8As`a*ra*bac"ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asarum + bacca</ets> a berry. See <er>Asarone</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An acrid herbaceous plant (<spn>Asarum

Europ\'91um</spn>), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and

cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.</def>



<hw>As"a*rone</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asarum</ets> hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. <?/]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A crystallized substance, resembling

camphor, obtained from the <spn>Asarum Europ\'91um</spn>; --

called also <altname>camphor of asarum</altname>.</def>



<hw>As*bes"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable;

asbestine.</def>



<hw>As*bes"ti*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asbestus</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form or structure of asbestus.</def>



<hw>As*bes"tine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature;

incombustible; asbestic.</def>



<hw>As*bes"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Asbestic.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As*bes"tus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*bes"tos</hw>

<pr>(?; 277)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asbestos</ets> (NL. <ets>asbestus</ets>) a kind of mineral

unaffected by fire, Gr. <?/ (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; <?/

priv. + <?/ to extinguish.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and

delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a

white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a

similar variety of serpentine.</def>



<note><hand/ The finer varieties have been wrought into gloves

and cloth which are incombustible. The cloth was formerly used as

a shroud for dead bodies, and has been recommended for firemen's

clothes. Asbestus in also employed in the manufacture of iron

safes, for fireproof roofing, and for lampwicks. Some varieties

are called <xex>amianthus</xex>.</note>



<au>Dana.</au>



<hw>As"bo*lin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

soot.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A peculiar acrid and bitter

oil, obtained from wood soot.</def>



<hw>As"ca*rid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ascarides</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <er>Ascarids</er></plu>.

<ety>[NL. <ets>ascaris</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the

roundworm, <spn>Ascaris lumbricoides</spn>, often occurring in

the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals;

also commonly applied to the pinworm <spn>(Oxyuris)</spn>, often

troublesome to children and aged persons.</def>



<hw>As*cend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ascended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Ascending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>ascendere</ets>; <ets>ad + scandere</ets> to climb, mount.

See <er>Scan</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move upward; to

mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to <ant>descend</ant>.</def>



<q>Higher yet that star <qex>ascends</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bowring.</qau>



<q>I <qex>ascend</qex> unto my father and your father.</q>

<qau>John xx. 17.</qau>



<note>Formerly used with <xex>up</xex>.</note>



<q>The smoke of it <qex>ascended up</qex> to heaven.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from

an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects,

from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from

one note to another more acute, etc.; <as>as, our inquiries

<ex>ascend</ex> to the remotest antiquity; to <ex>ascend</ex> to

our first progenitor.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.</syn>



<hw>As*cend"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To go or move upward

upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; <as>as,

to <ex>ascend</ex> a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a

throne</as>.</def>



<hw>As*cend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being ascended.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As*cend"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*cend"ance</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ascendency</er>.</def>



<hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ascendant</ets>, L. <ets>ascendens</ets>; p. pr. of

<ets>ascendere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Ascent; height;

elevation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Sciences that were then in their highest

<qex>ascendant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The horoscope, or that

degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the

moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on

a person's life and fortune.</def>



<note><hand/ Hence the phrases <col>To be in the ascendant</col>,

to have commanding power or influence, and <col>Lord of the

ascendant</col>, one who has possession of such power or

influence; as, to rule, for a while, <xex>lord of the

ascendant</xex>.</note>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Superiority, or commanding influence;

ascendency; <as>as, one man has the <ex>ascendant</ex> over

another</as>.</def>



<q>Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the

<qex>ascendant</qex> not only of a tutor, but of a parent.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or

degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a

progenitor; -- opposed to <xex>descendant</xex>.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>As*cend"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*cend"ent</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rising

toward the zenith; above the horizon.</def>



<q>The constellation . . . about that time

<qex>ascendant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rising; ascending.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Superior; surpassing; ruling.</def>



<q>An <qex>ascendant</qex> spirit over him.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>The <qex>ascendant</qex> community obtained a surplus of

wealth.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<q>Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending

himself against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an

<qex>ascendent</qex> position.</q>

<qau>Grote.</qau>



<hw>As*cend"en*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Governing

or controlling influence; domination; power.</def>



<q>An undisputed <qex>ascendency</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Custom has an <qex>ascendency</qex> over the

understanding.</q>

<qau>Watts.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion;

prevalence; domination.</syn>



<hw>As*cend"i*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ascendibilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being ascended;

climbable.</def>



<hw>As*cend"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rising; moving upward;

<as>as, an <ex>ascending</ex> kite</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*cend"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Ascending latitude</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the

increasing latitude of a planet.</cd> <au>Ferguson</au>. --

<col>Ascending line</col> <fld>(Geneol.)</fld>, <cd>the line of

relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's

father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the

<xex>line<xex> direct <xex>ascending<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Ascending

node</col> <cd>having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein

it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called

the <altname>northern node</altname>.</cd> <au>Herschel</au>. --

<col>Ascending series</col>. <fld>(Math.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>A series arranged according to the ascending powers of a

quantity.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A series in which each term is

greater than the preceding.</cd> -- <col>Ascending signs</col>,

<cd>signs east of the meridian.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*cen"sion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ascension</ets>, L. <ets>ascensio</ets>, fr.

<ets>ascendere</ets>. See <er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior

on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (<au>Acts i. 9.</au>)

Also, Ascension Day.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ascending or arising, as in distillation;

also that which arises, as from distillation.</def>



<q>Vaporous <qex>ascensions</qex> from the stomach.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<cs><col>Ascension Day</col>, <cd>the Thursday but one before

Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ascension

into heaven after his resurrection; -- called also <altname>Holy

Thursday</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Right ascension</col>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>that degree of the equinoctial, counted

from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other

celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator

intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of

the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; --

expressed either in degrees or in time.</cd> -- <col>Oblique

ascension</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>an arc of the equator,

intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of

the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique

sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first

point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the

horizon with a star. It is little used in modern

astronomy.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*cen"sion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward;

<as>as, the <ex>ascensional</ex> power of a balloon</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Ascensional difference</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,

<cd>the difference between oblique and right ascension; -- used

chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the

rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from

its meridian passage.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*cen"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ascend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rising; tending to rise,

or causing to rise.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Augmentative;

intensive.</def>



<au>Ellicott.</au>



<hw>As*cent"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Formed like

<ets>descent</ets>, as if from a F. <ets>ascente</ets>, fr. a

verb <ets>ascendre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ascendere</ets>. See

<er>Ascend</er>, <er>Descent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; <as>as, he

made a tedious <ex>ascent</ex>; the <ex>ascent</ex> of vapors

from the earth.</as></def>



<q>To him with swift <qex>ascent</qex> he up returned.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The way or means by which one ascends.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An eminence, hill, or high place.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The degree of elevation of an object, or the

angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade;

<as>as, a road has an <ex>ascent</ex> of five degrees</as>.</def>



<hw>As`cer*tain"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ascertained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ascertaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>acertener</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>certain</ets>. See <er>Certain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to

make confident; to assure; to apprise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When the blessed Virgin was so <qex>ascertained</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven,

and that the Almighty had in a dream <qex>ascertained</qex> him

of its effects.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free

from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to

determine.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The divine law . . . <qex>ascertaineth</qex> the truth.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and

<qex>ascertain</qex> the condemnation.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>The ministry, in order to <qex>ascertain</qex> a majority . .

. persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<q>The mildness and precision of their laws

<qex>ascertained</qex> the rule and measure of taxation.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial,

examination, or experiment; to get to know; <as>as, to

<ex>ascertain</ex> the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a

metal</as>.</def>



<q>He was there only for the purpose of <qex>ascertaining</qex>

whether a descent on England was practicable.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>As`cer*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be ascertained.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>As`cer*tain"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As`cer*tain"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

ascertains.</def>



<hw>As`cer*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by

investigation; discovery.</def>



<q>The positive <qex>ascertainment</qex> of its limits.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<mhw><hw>As*ces"san*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<hw>As*ces"sant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def> See

<er>Acescency</er>, <er>Acescent</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*cet"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ to exercise, to practice gymnastics.]</ety> <def>Extremely

rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.</def>



<q>The stern <qex>ascetic</qex> rigor of the Temple

discipline.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>As*cet"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>In the early church, one

who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life,

characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and

self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices

extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.</def>



<q>I am far from commending those <qex>ascetics</qex> that take

up their quarters in deserts.</q>

<qau>Norris.</qau>



<cs><col>Ascetic theology</col>, <cd>the science which treats of

the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the

counsels of perfection.</cd>  <au>Am. Cyc.</au></cs>



<hw>As*cet"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.</def>



<hw>As"cham</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Roger

<er>Ascham</er>, who was a great lover of archery.]</ety> <def>A

sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements

of archery.</def>



<hw>\'d8As"ci</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ascus</er>.</def>



<hw>As"cian</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the

<xex>Ascii</xex>.</def>



<hw>As*cid"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

bladder, pouch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the Tunicata.

Also as an <pos>adj.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8As*cid`i*a"ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a

compound ascidian.</def>



<hw>As*cid"i*form</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ a pouch +

<ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Shaped like

an ascidian.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*cid`i*oid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. <ets>ascidium + -oid</ets>. See

<er>Ascidium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of

Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The group

includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike

structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually

leathery in texture. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<-- p. 88  -->



<hw>As*cid`i*o*zo"oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ascidium</ets> +  <ets>zooid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the individual members of a

compound ascidian. See <er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*cid"i*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ascidia</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr.

<ets>ascus</ets>. See <er>Ascus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ

or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or

the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort

(Utricularia).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of

simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known

species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or

for all the Tunicata.</def>



<hw>As*cig"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>-gerous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having asci.</def>



<au>Loudon.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8As"ci*i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As"cians</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ascii</ets>, pl. of <ets>ascius</ets>, Gr. <?/ without

shadow; <?/ priv. + <?/ shadow.]</ety> <def>Persons who, at

certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to

the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a

vertical sun.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*ci"tes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/ (sc. <?/ disease), fr. <?/ bladder, belly.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A collection of serous fluid in the cavity

of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>As*cit"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*cit"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, pertaining to, or

affected by, ascites; dropsical.</def>



<hw>As`ci*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adscititious</er>.]</ety> <def>Supplemental; not inherent or

original; adscititious; additional; assumed.</def>



<q>Homer has been reckoned an <qex>ascititious</qex> name.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>As*cle"pi*ad</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gr. & L.

Pros.)</fld> <def>A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek

poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two

choriambi, and an iambus.</def>



<hw>As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Asclepias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*cle"pi*as</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

named from <ets>Asclepios</ets> or <ets>Aesculapius</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants including the milkweed,

swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal

properties.</def>



<cs><col>Asclepias butterfly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

large, handsome, red and black butterfly <spn>(Danais

Archippus)</spn>, found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants

of the genus Asclepias.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8As`co*coc"cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ascococci</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

bladder, bag + <?/ kernel.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A form

of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in

peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule

and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.</def>



<hw>As"co*spore</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Ascus</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of the spores contained in the asci of

lichens and fungi. [See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Ascus</er>.]</def>



<hw>As*crib"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being ascribed; attributable.</def>



<hw>As*cribe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Ascribed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ascribing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>ascribere</ets>,

<ets>adscribere</ets>, to ascribe; <ets>ad + scribere</ets> to

write: cf. OF. <ets>ascrire</ets>. See <er>Scribe</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause;

<as>as, his death was <ex>ascribed</ex> to a poison; to

<ex>ascribe</ex> an effect to the right cause; to

<ex>ascribe</ex> such a book to such an author.</as></def>



<q>The finest [speech] that is <qex>ascribed</qex> to Satan in

the whole poem.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance;

to consider or allege to belong.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Ascribe</er>, <er>Attribute</er>,

<er>Impute</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Attribute</xex> denotes, 1.

To refer some quality or attribute to a being; <as>as, to

<ex>attribute</ex> power to God</as>. 2. To refer something to

its cause or source; <as>as, to <ex>attribute</ex> a backward

spring to icebergs off the coast</as>. <xex>Ascribe</xex> is used

equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To

<xex>impute</xex> usually denotes to ascribe something doubtful

or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad

sense; <as>as, to <ex>impute</ex> unworthy motives</as>. The

theological sense of <xex>impute</xex> is not here taken into

view.</usage>



<q>More than good-will to me <qex>attribute</qex> naught.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q><qex>Ascribes</qex> his gettings to his parts and merit.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>And fairly quit him of the <qex>imputed</qex> blame.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>As"cript</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Adscript</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*crip"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ascriptio</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>. See

<er>Ascribe</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of ascribing, imputing, or

affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed.</def>



<hw>As`crip*ti"tious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ascriptitius</ets>, fr. <ets>ascribere</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Ascribed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Added; additional.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>An <qex>ascriptitious</qex> and supernumerary God.</q>

<qau>Farindon.</qau>



<hw>As"cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. Asci</plu>

<pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bladder.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small membranous bladder or tube in

which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or

sporules of lichens and certain fungi.</def>



<hw>A-sea</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>sea</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the sea; at sea; toward the

sea.</def>



<hw>A*sep"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>septic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not liable to

putrefaction; nonputrescent.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>

An aseptic substance.</def></def2>



<hw>A*sex"u*al</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having no distinct; without sexual action; <as>as,

<ex>asexual</ex> reproduction</as>. See <er>Fission</er> and

<er>Gemmation</er>.</def>



<hw>A*sex"u*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

asexual manner; without sexual agency.</def>



<hw>Ash</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asch</ets>, <ets>esh</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91sc</ets>; akin to

OHG. <ets>asc</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>ask</ets>, Icel.

<ets>askr</ets>, D. <ets>esch</ets>, G. <ets>esche</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees of the Olive

family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species

furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash <spn>(Fraxinus

excelsior)</spn> and the white ash <spn>(F.

Americana)</spn>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Prickly ash</col> <spn>(Zanthoxylum

Americanum)</spn> and <col>Poison ash</col> <spn>(Rhus

venenata)</spn></mcol> <cd>are shrubs of different families,

somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage.</cd> --

<col>Mountain ash</col>. <cd>See <er>Roman tree</er>, and under

<er>Mountain</er>.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.</def>



<note><xex>Ash</xex> is used adjectively, or as the first part of

a compound term; as, <xex>ash</xex> bud, <ex>ash</ex> wood,

<ex>ash</ex> tree, etc.</note>



<hw>Ash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def> <it>sing.</it> of

<er>Ashes</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Ash</xex> is rarely used in the singular except

in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda

<xex>ash</xex>, coal which yields a red <xex>ash</xex>, etc., or

as a qualifying or combining word; as, <xex>ash</xex> bin,

<xex>ash</xex> heap, <xex>ash</xex> hole, <xex>ash</xex> pan,

<xex>ash</xex> pit, <xex>ash</xex>-grey, <xex>ash</xex>-colored,

pearl<xex>ash</xex>, pot<xex>ash</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Bone ash</col>, <cd>burnt powered; bone earth.</cd> --

<col>Volcanic ash</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ashes</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ash</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strew or sprinkle with

ashes.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>A*shame</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shame</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>\'bescamian</ets>

to shame (where <ets>\'be-</ets> is the same as Goth.

<ets>us-</ets>, G. <ets>er-</ets>, and orig. meant

<ets>out</ets>), <ets>gescamian</ets>, <ets>gesceamian</ets>, to

shame.]</ety> <def>To shame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>A*shamed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Orig. a p.

p. of <ets>ashame</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>Affected by shame;

abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of

some wrong action or impropriety.</def> \'bdI am

<xex>ashamed</xex> to beg.\'b8



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<q>All that forsake thee shall be <qex>ashamed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. xvii. 13.</qau>



<q>I began to be <qex>ashamed</qex> of sitting idle.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>Enough to make us <qex>ashamed</qex> of our species.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>An <qex>ashamed</qex> person can hardly endure to meet the

gaze of those present.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Ashamed</xex> seldom precedes the noun or

pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the

Bible to mean <xex>disappointed</xex>, or

<xex>defeated</xex>.</note>



<hw>A*sham"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Bashfully.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ashantees</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A native or an

inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.</def>



<hw>Ash`an*tee"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Ashantee.</def>



<hw>Ash"-col`ored</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.</def>



<hw>Ash"en</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ash</er>, the tree.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ash

tree.</def> \'bd<xex>Ashen</xex> poles.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Ash"en</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of, or resembling,

ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and

gray.</def>



<q>The <qex>ashen</qex> hue of age.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ash"en</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def>obs. pl. for

<er>Ashes</er>.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ash"er*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

depository for ashes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A place where potash is made.</def>



<hw>Ash"es</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asche</ets>, <ets>aske</ets>, AS. <ets>asce</ets>,

<ets>\'91sce</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>asca</ets>,

G. <ets>asche</ets>, D. <ets>asch</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>aska</ets>, Dan. <ets>aske</ets>, Goth.

<ets>azgo</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The earthy or mineral

particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion,

as of wood or coal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: The remains of the human body when

burnt, or when \'bdreturned to dust\'b8 by natural decay.</def>



<q>Their martyred blood and <qex>ashes</qex> sow.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The coffins were broken open. The <qex>ashes</qex> were

scattered to the winds.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.</def>



<q>The lip of <qex>ashes</qex>, and the cheek of flame.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>In dust and ashes</col>, <col>In sackcloth and

ashes</col></mcol>, <cd>with humble expression of grief or

repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Volcanic ashes</col>, <or/ <col>Volcanic

ash</col></mcol>, <cd>the loose, earthy matter, or small

fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ash"-fire</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A low fire used in

chemical operations.</def>



<mhw><hw>Ash"-fur`nace</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Ash"-ov`en</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A furnace or oven for

fritting materials for glass making.</def>



<hw>A*shine"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shining;

radiant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ash"lar</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ascheler</ets>, <ets>achiler</ets>,

OF. <ets>aiseler</ets>, fr. <ets>aiselle</ets>, dim. of

<ets>ais</ets> plank, fr. L. <ets>axis</ets>, <ets>assis</ets>,

plank, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Hewn or squared stone;

also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone.</def>



<q>Rough <qex>ashlar</qex>, a block of freestone as brought from

the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common

<qex>ashlar</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knight.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>In the United States especially, a thin facing

of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or

brick.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ash"lar*ing</hw>, <hw>Ash"ler*ing</hw>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of bedding ashlar in

mortar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve

merely as a case to the body of the wall.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>The short upright pieces

between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See

<er>Ashlar</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>A*shore"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>shore</ets>.]</ety> <def>On shore or on

land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land;

aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to

<xex>aboard</xex> or <xex>afloat</xex>.</def>



<q>Here shall I die <qex>ashore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I must fetch his necessaries <qex>ashore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ash"to*reth</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ashtaroth</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>The principal

female divinity of the Ph\'d2nicians, as Baal was the principal

male divinity.</def>



<au>W. Smith.</au>



<hw>Ash` Wednes"day</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The first day of

Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of

putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of

penitents.</def>



<hw>Ash"weed`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<ety>[A corruption of <ets>ache</ets>-weed; F. <ets>ache</ets>.

So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of

<ets>ache</ets> (celery).]</ety> <def>Goutweed.</def>



<hw>Ash"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed

with, ashes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Ashy pale</col>, <cd>pale as ashes.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A"sian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Asianus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, L. <ets>Asia</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic.</def>

\'bd<xex>Asian</xex> princes.\'b8 <au>Jer. Taylor</au>.  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An Asiatic.</def></def2>



<hw>A"si*arch</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Asiarcha</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ + <?/ ruler.]</ety> <def>One of

the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the

superintendence of the public games and religious rites.</def>



<au>Milner.</au>



<hw>A`si*at"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Asiaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Asia or to its inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

native, or one of the people, of Asia.</def></def2>



<hw>A`si*at"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.</def>



<hw>A*side"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>side</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On, or

to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a

little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.</def>



<q>Thou shalt set <qex>aside</qex> that which is full.</q>

<qau>2 Kings iv. 4.</qau>



<q>But soft! but soft! <qex>aside</qex>: here comes the king.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The flames were blown <qex>aside</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Out of one's thoughts; off; away; <as>as, to put

<ex>aside</ex> gloomy thoughts</as>.</def> \'bdLay

<xex>aside</xex> every weight.\'b8



<au>Heb. xii. 1.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>So as to be heard by others; privately.</def>



<q>Then lords and ladies spake <qex>aside</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>To set aside</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to annul or

defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of

the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority;

<as>as, to <ex>set aside<ex> a verdict or a

judgment</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*side"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something spoken aside;

<as>as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players

are not supposed to hear</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*si"lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

gadfly.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large and

voracious two-winged flies, including the bee killer and robber

fly.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As`i*ne"go</hw>, <hw>As`si*ne"go</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. <ets>asnico</ets>,

<ets>dim</ets>. <ets>of asno</ets> an ass.]</ety> <def>A stupid

fellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>As"i*nine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asininus</ets>, fr. <ets>asinus</ets> ass. See

<er>Ass</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or belonging to, or having the

qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Asinine</xex> nature.\'b8 <au>B. Jonson</au>.

\'bd<xex>Asinine</xex> feast.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.



<hw>As`i*nin"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with

obstinacy.</def>



<hw>A*si"phon*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a siphon or breathing

tube; -- said of many bivalve shells.</def>  --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> An asiphonate mollusk.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8As`i*pho"ne*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8A*si`pho*na"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8As`i*phon"i*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a tube.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of bivalve mollusks destitute

of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*si"ti*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ food.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of

appetite; loathing of food.</def>



<hw>Ask</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Asked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Asking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asken</ets>, <ets>ashen</ets>, <ets>axien</ets>, AS.

<ets>\'bescian</ets>, <ets>\'becsian</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>\'c7sc\'d3n</ets>, OHG. <ets>eisc\'d3n</ets>, Sw.

<ets>\'beska</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91ske</ets>, D.

<ets>eischen</ets>, G. <ets>heischen</ets>, Lith.

<ets>j\'89sk\'a2ti</ets>, OSlav. <ets>iskati</ets> to seek, Skr.

<ets>ish</ets> to desire. \'fb5.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; --

often with <xex>of</xex>, in the sense of <xex>from</xex>, before

the person addressed.</def>



<q><qex>Ask</qex> counsel, we pray thee, of God.</q>

<qau>Judg. xviii. 5.</qau>



<q>If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall

<qex>ask</qex> what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.</q>

<qau>John xv. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by

way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as,

what price do you <xex>ask</xex>?</def>



<q><qex>Ask</qex> me never so much dowry.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxiv. 12.</qau>



<q>To whom men have committed much, of him they will

<qex>ask</qex> the more.</q>

<qau>Luke xii. 48.</qau>



<q>An exigence of state <qex>asks</qex> a much longer time to

conduct a design to maturity.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to

put a question to or about; to question.</def>



<q>He is of age; <qex>ask</qex> him: he shall speak for

himself.</q>

<qau>John ix. 21.</qau>



<q>He <qex>asked</qex> the way to Chester.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To invite; <as>as, to <ex>ask</ex> one to an

entertainment</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To publish in church for marriage; -- said of

both the banns and the persons.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat;

beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit;

inquire; interrogate. See <er>Beg</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ask</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To request or

petition; -- usually folllowed by <xex>for</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>ask for</ex> bread</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Ask</qex>, and it shall be given you.</q>

<qau>Matt. vii. 7.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make inquiry, or seek by request; --

sometimes followed by <xex>after</xex>.</def>



<q>Wherefore . . . dost <qex>ask</qex> after my name?</q>

<qau>Gen. xxxii. 29.</qau>



<hw>Ask</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Asker</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A water

newt.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*skance"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*skant"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>schuin</ets>, <ets>schuins</ets>, sideways,

<ets>schuiven</ets> to shove, <ets>schuinte</ets> slope. Cf.

<er>Asquint</er>.]</ety> <def>Sideways; obliquely; with a side

glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion.</def>



<q>They dart away; they wheel <qex>askance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<q>My palfrey eyed them <qex>askance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<q>Both . . . were viewed <qex>askance</qex> by authority.</q>

<qau>Gladstone.</qau>



<hw>A*skance"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To turn aside.</def>

<mark>[Poet.]</mark>



<q>O, how are they wrapped in with infamies

That from their own misdeeds <qex>askance</qex> their eyes!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who asks; a petitioner;

an inquirer.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ask"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption of AS.

<ets>a<?/exe</ets> lizard, newt.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An ask; a water newt.</def> <mark>[Local Eng.]</mark>



<hw>A*skew"</hw>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets>

+ <ets>skew</ets>.]</ety> <def>Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or

obliquely; -- sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or

entry.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ask"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The publishing of banns.</def>



<-- p. 89  -->



<hw>A*slake"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'beslacian</ets>, <ets>slacian</ets>, to slacken. Cf.

<er>Slake</er>.]</ety> <def>To mitigate; to moderate; to appease;

to abate; to diminish.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*slant"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Toward one side; in

a slanting direction; obliquely.</def>



<q>[The shaft] drove through his neck <qex>aslant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>A*slant"</hw>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>In a slanting direction

over; athwart.</def>



<q>There is a willow grows <qex>aslant</qex> a brook.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*sleep"</hw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets>

+ <ets>sleep</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a state of sleep;

in sleep; dormant.</def>



<q>Fast <qex>asleep</qex> the giant lay supine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>By whispering winds soon lulled <qex>asleep</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the sleep of the grave; dead.</def>



<q>Concerning them which are <qex>asleep</qex> . . . sorrow not,

even as others which have no hope.</q>

<qau>1 Thess. iv. 13.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Numbed, and, usually, tingling.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<q>Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it,

<qex>asleep</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>A*slope"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Slopingly; aslant;

declining from an upright direction; sloping.</def> \'bdSet them

not upright, but <xex>aslope</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>A*slug"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>slug</ets> to move slowly.]</ety>

<def>Sluggishly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>A*smear"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>smear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Smeared over.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees

belonged; Maccabean; <as>as, the <ex>Asmonean</ex>

dynasty</as>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Asmon\'91an</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>As`mo*ne"an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of the Asmonean

family.  The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from

168 to 35 <sc>b. c.</sc></def>



<hw>A*soak"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>soak</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soaking.</def>



<hw>A*so"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asomatus</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ body.]</ety>

<def>Without a material body; incorporeal.</def>



<au>Todd.</au>



<hw>As"o*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sonant</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sounding

or sounded.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>C. C. Felton.</au>



<hw>Asp</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Aspen</er>.</def> \'bdTrembling poplar or

<xex>asp</xex>.\'b8



<au>Martyn.</au>



<hw>Asp</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspis</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/: cf. OF. <ets>aspe</ets>, F.

<ets>aspic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small,

hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose

bite is often fatal. It is the <xex>Naja haje</xex>. The name is

also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to <spn>Vipera

aspis</spn> of southern Europe. See <er>Haje</er>.</def>



<-- what is "Ecclus."? Not in the set of references! -->

<hw>\'d8As*pal"a*thus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspalathus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil.</def>

<au>Ecclus. xxiv. 15</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of plants of

the natural order <spn>Leguminos\'91</spn>. The species are

chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.</def>



<-- amino acid -->

<hw>As*par"a*gine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>asparagine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A white,

nitrogenous, crystallizable substance,

<chform>C4H8N2O3+H2O</chform>, found in many plants, and first

obtained from <ets>asparagus</ets>.  It is believed to aid in the

disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called

also <altname>altheine</altname>.</def>



<hw>As`pa*rag"i*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having

shoots which are eaten like asparagus; <as>as,

<ex>asparaginous</ex> vegetables</as>.</def>



<hw>As*par"a*gus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, <?/; cf. <?/ to swell with sap or juice, and Zend

<ets><?/paregha</ets> prong, sprout, Pers. <ets>asparag</ets>,

Lith. <ets>spurgas</ets> sprout, Skr. <ets>sphurj</ets> to swell.

Perh. the Greek borrowed from the Persian. Cf.

<er>Sparrowgrass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order

<xex>Liliace\'91</xex>, and having erect much branched stems, and

very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves.

<xex>Asparagus racemosus</xex> is a shrubby climbing plant with

fragrant flowers. Specifically: The <xex>Asparagus

officinalis</xex>, a species cultivated in gardens.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The young and tender shoots of <xex>A</xex>.

<xex>officinalis</xex>, which form a valuable and well-known

article of food.</def>



<note><hand/ This word was formerly pronounced

<xex>sparrowgrass</xex>; but this pronunciation is now confined

exclusively to uneducated people.</note>



<cs><col>Asparagus beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

small beetle <spn>(Crioceris asparagi)</spn> injurious to

asparagus.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*par"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine;

<as>as, <ex>aspartic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>As"pect</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspectus</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets>,

<ets>aspectum</ets>, to look at; <ets>ad + spicere</ets>,

<ets>specere</ets>, to look, akin to E. <ets>spy</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe basilisk killeth by

<xex>aspect</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<q>His <qex>aspect</qex> was bent on the ground.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Look, or particular appearance of the face;

countenance; mien; air.</def> \'bdSerious in

<xex>aspect</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>[Craggs] with <qex>aspect</qex> open shall erect his head.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Appearance to the eye or the mind; look;

view.</def> \'bdThe <xex>aspect</xex> of affairs.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>The true <qex>aspect</qex> of a world lying in its

rubbish.</q>

<qau>T. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Position or situation with regard to seeing;

that position which enables one to look in a particular

direction; position in relation to the points of the compass;

<as>as, a house has a southern <ex>aspect</ex>, that is, a

position which faces the south</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Prospect; outlook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This town affords a good <qex>aspect</qex> toward the hill

from whence we descended.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The situation of planets or

stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the

rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the

joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the

earth.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<note><hand/ The aspects which two planets can assume are five;

sextile, <?/, when the planets are 60<deg/ apart; quartile, or

quadrate, <?/, when their distance is 90<deg/ or the quarter of a

circle; trine, <?/, when the distance is 120<deg/; opposition,

<?/, when the distance is 180<deg/, or half a circle; and

conjunction, <?/, when they are in the same degree. Astrology

taught that the aspects of the planets exerted an influence on

human affairs, in some situations for good and in others for

evil.</note>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Astrol.)</fld> <def>The influence of the stars

for good or evil; <as>as, an ill <ex>aspect</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil

<qex>aspects</qex>.</q>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<cs><col>Aspect of a plane</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the

direction of the plane.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*pect"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspectare</ets>, v. intens. of <ets>aspicere</ets>. See

<er>Aspect</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To behold; to look

at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*pect"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspectabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being;

visible.</def>   \'bdThe <xex>aspectable</xex> world.\'b8

<au>Ray</au>. \'bd<xex>Aspectable</xex> stars.\'b8 <au>Mrs.

Browning</au>.



<hw>As*pect"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Facing each other.</def>



<hw>As*pect"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an aspect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>As*pec"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspectio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspicere</ets> to look at.]</ety>

<def>The act of viewing; a look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Asp"en</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Asp</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>\'91sp</ets>,

<ets>\'91ps</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>aspa</ets>, Icel.

<ets>\'94sp</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sp</ets>, Sw. <ets>asp</ets>, D.

<ets>esp</ets>, G. <ets>espe</ets>, <ets>\'84spe</ets>,

<ets>aspe</ets>; cf. Lettish <ets>apsa</ets>, Lith.

<ets>apuszis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One of several

species of poplar bearing this name, especially the <xex>Populus

tremula</xex>, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which

move with the slightest impulse of the air.</def>



<hw>Asp"en</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining

to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood.</def>



<q>Nor <qex>aspen</qex> leaves confess the gentlest breeze.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>As"per</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aspre</ets>, OF. <ets>aspre</ets>, F. <ets>\'83pre</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>Rough; rugged; harsh;

bitter; stern; fierce.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdAn

<xex>asper</xex> sound.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>\'d8As"per</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. spiritus

<ets>asper</ets> rough breathing.]</ety> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld>

<def>The rough breathing; a mark (#) placed over an initial vowel

sound or over <?/ to show that it is aspirated, that is,

pronounced with <xex>h</xex> before it; thus <grk>hws</grk>,

pronounced <xex>h<?/s</xex>, <grk>hrj'twr</grk>, <xex>pronounced

hr\'be\'b6t<?/r</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8As"per</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>aspre</ets> or

It. <ets>aspro</ets>, fr. MGr. <?/, <?/, white (prob. from the

whiteness of new silver coins).]</ety> <def>A Turkish money of

account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a

piaster.</def>



<hw>As"per*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Asperated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Asperating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>asperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asperare</ets>, fr.

<ets>asper</ets> rough.]</ety> <def>To make rough or

uneven.</def>



<q>The <qex>asperated</qex> part of its surface.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<hw>As`per*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of asperating; a making or becoming rough.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>\'d8As*per"ges</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

Thou shalt sprinkle.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy

water; an aspergill.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As"per*gill</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, \'d8

<hw>As`per*gil"lum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>aspergillum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aspergere</ets>.

See <er>Asperse</er>, v. t.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The brush

used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on

the people.</def> <altsp>[Also written

<it>aspergillus</it>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Wateringpot

shell</er>.</def>



<hw>As`per*gil"li*form</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aspergillum</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Resembling the aspergillum in form;

<as>as, an <ex>aspergilliform</ex> stigma</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>As`per*i*fo"li*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>asper</ets> rough + <ets>folium</ets> leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having rough leaves.</def>



<note><hand/ By some applied to the natural order now called

<xex>Boraginace\'91</xex> or borageworts.</note>



<hw>As*per"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Asperities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>asperitas</ets>, fr. <ets>asper</ets> rough: cf. F.

<ets>asp\'82rit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Roughness of

surface; unevenness; -- opposed to <xex>smoothness</xex>.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>asperities</xex> of dry bodies.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality

which grates upon the ear; raucity.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Roughness to the taste; sourness;

tartness.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity;

crabbedness; harshness; -- opposed to <xex>mildness</xex>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Asperity</xex> of character.\'b8



<au>Landor.</au>



<q>It is no very cynical <qex>asperity</qex> not to confess

obligations where no benefit has been received.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty.</def>



<q>The acclivities and <qex>asperities</qex> of duty.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness;

sourness; tartness. See <er>Acrimony</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*sper"ma*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/, <?/, seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Aspermous.</def>



<hw>A*sper"mous</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. +

<?/ seed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of seeds;

aspermatous.</def>



<hw>A*sperne"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspernari</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) +

<ets>spernari</ets>.]</ety> <def>To spurn; to despise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<hw>As"per*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Asper</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Rough; uneven.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>As*perse"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aspersed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aspersing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspersus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>aspergere</ets> to scatter, sprinkle; <ets>ad +

spargere</ets> to strew. See <er>Sparse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or

to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust.</def>



<au>Heywood.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bespatter with foul reports or false and

injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good

name; to slander or calumniate; <as>as, to <ex>asperse</ex> a

poet or his writings; to <ex>asperse</ex> a man's

character.</as></def>



<q>With blackest crimes <qex>aspersed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate;

vilify.</syn> <usage> -- To <er>Asperse</er>, <er>Defame</er>,

<er>Slander</er>, <er>Calumniate</er>. These words have in common

the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To

<xex>asperse</xex> is figuratively to cast upon a character

hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which

render it offensive or loathsome. To <xex>defame</xex> is to

detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated

to load him with infamy. <xex>Slander</xex> (etymologically the

same as <xex>scandal</xex>) and <xex>calumniate</xex>, from the

Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's

injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men <xex>asperse</xex>

their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they <xex>defame</xex>

by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they

<xex>slander</xex> or <xex>calumniate</xex> by spreading

injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults

into serious errors or crimes.</usage>



<hw>As*persed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having an indefinite number of small

charges scattered or strewed over the surface.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bespattered; slandered; calumniated.</def>



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>As*pers"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.</def>



<hw>As*per"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspersio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspergere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aspersion</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sprinkling, as

with water or dust, in a literal sense.</def>



<q>Behold an immersion, not and <qex>aspersion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The spreading of calumniations reports or

charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body

with foul water; calumny.</def>



<q>Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale

<qex>aspersions</qex> on the entire body of professional

teachers.</q>

<qau>Grote.</qau>



<q>Who would by base <qex>aspersions</qex> blot thy virtue.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>As*pers"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending to

asperse; defamatory; slanderous.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*pers"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8As`per`soir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An aspergill.</def>



<hw>\'d8As`per*so"ri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Aspplwsoria</er> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL. See

<er>Asperse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The stoup, basin, or

other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brush for sprinkling holy water; an

aspergill.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As"phalt</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*phal"tum</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, of eastern

origin: cf. F. <ets>asphalte</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is

brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface

of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue.

It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is

therefore called <xex>Asphaltites</xex>, or the Asphaltic Lake.

It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See

<er>Bitumen</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and

gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement

for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is

prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Asphalt stone</col>, <col>Asphalt

rock</col></mcol>, <cd>a limestone found impregnated with

asphalt.</cd></cs>



<hw>As"phalt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover with asphalt;

<as>as, to <ex>asphalt</ex> a roof; <ex>asphalted</ex>

streets.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8As`phalte"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Asphalt</er>.]</ety> <def>Asphaltic mastic or cement. See

<er>Asphalt</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>As*phal"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous.</def>

\'bd<xex>Asphaltic</xex> pool.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Asphaltic</xex>

slime.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Asphaltic.</def>



<hw>As*phal"tite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Asphaltic.</def>



<au>Bryant.</au>



<hw>\'d8As*phal"tus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Asphalt</er>.</def>



<hw>As"pho*del</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asphodelus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Daffodil</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A general name for a plant of the genus

<spn>Asphodelus</spn>. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants,

several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their

flowers.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also popularly given to species of other

genera. The <xex>asphodel</xex> of the early English and French

poets was the daffodil. The <xex>asphodel</xex> of the Greek

poets is supposed to be the <xex>Narcissus poeticus</xex>.</note>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<q>Pansies, and violets, and <qex>asphodel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>As*phyc"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to asphyxia.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8As*phyx"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*phyx"y</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>asphyxia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to throb,

beat.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Apparent death, or suspended

animation; the condition which results from interruption of

respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of

irrespirable gases.</def>



<hw>As*phyx"i*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

relating to asphyxia; <as>as, <ex>asphyxial</ex>

phenomena</as>.</def>



<hw>As*phyx"i*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. <note>[Used commonly

in the past pple.]</note></def>



<mhw><hw>As*phyx"i*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*phyx"ied</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>p. p. </pos> <def>In a state of

asphyxia; suffocated.</def>



<hw>As*phyx`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.</def>



<hw>As"pic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Asp</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The venomous asp.</def>

<mark>[Chiefly poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak. Tennyson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound

shot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As"pic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a corrupt. of

<ets>spic</ets> (OF. <ets>espi</ets>, F. <ets>\'82pi</ets>), L.

<ets>spica</ets> (<ets>spicum</ets>, <ets>spicus</ets>), ear,

spike. See <er>Spike</er>.]</ety> <def>A European species of

lavender <spn>(Lavandula spica)</spn>, which produces a volatile

oil. See <er>Spike</er>.</def>



<hw>As"pic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., prob. fr.

<ets>aspic</ets> an asp.]</ety> <def>A savory meat jelly

containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs,

etc.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>\'d8As`pi*do*bran"chi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, shield + <?/ gills.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike

shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets.</def>



<hw>As*pir"ant</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aspirant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>aspirer</ets>. See

<er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>Aspiring.</def>



<hw>As*pir"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aspirant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who aspires; one who eagerly

seeks some high position or object of attainment.</def>



<q>In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness

was left clear to a new set of <qex>aspirants</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aspirated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Aspirating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>aspirare</ets> to breathe toward or upon, to add the

breathing <ets>h</ets>; <ets>ad + spirare</ets> to breathe, blow.

Cf. <er>Aspire</er>.]</ety> <def>To pronounce with a breathing,

an aspirate, or an <it>h</it> sound; <as>as, we <ex>aspirate</ex>

the words <it>horse</it> and <it>house</it>; to <ex>aspirate</ex>

a vowel or a liquid consonant.</as></def>



<hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like

the sound of <it>h</it>; the breathing <it>h</it> or a character

representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.</def>



<-- p. 90  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A mark of aspiration (#) used in Greek; the

asper, or rough breathing.</def>



<au>Bentley.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An elementary sound produced by the breath

alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; <as>as, <ex>f</ex>,

<ex>th</ex> in thin, etc.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As"pi*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As"pi*ra"ted</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspiratus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <def>Pronounced with the

<xex>h</xex> sound or with audible breath.</def>



<q>But yet they are not <qex>aspirate</qex>, i. e., with such an

aspiration as <qex>h</qex>.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<hw>As`pi*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aspiratio</ets>, fr. <ets>aspirare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>aspiration</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong

emission of breath; an aspirated sound.</def>



<q>If <qex>aspiration</qex> be defined to be an impetus of

breathing.</q>

<qau>Wilkins.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of breathing; a breath; an

inspiration.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring;

strong wish; high desire.</def> \'bd<xex>Aspirations</xex> after

virtue.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>Vague <qex>aspiration</qex> after military renown.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>As"pi*ra`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for passing air or gases

through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a

closed vessel, by means of suction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument for the

evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of

blood.</def>



<hw>As*pir"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air</def>



<hw>As*pire"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Aspired</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Aspiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>aspirer</ets>, L.

<ets>aspirare</ets>. See <er>Aspirate</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To desire with eagerness; to

seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; --

followed by <xex>to</xex> or <xex>after</xex>, and rarely by

<xex>at</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>aspire</ex> to a crown; to

<ex>aspire</ex> after immorality.</as></def>



<q><qex>Aspiring</qex> to be gods, if angels fell;

<qex>Aspiring</qex> to be angels, men rebel.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.</def>



<q>My own breath still foments the fire,

Which flames as high as fancy can <qex>aspire</qex>.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To aspire to; to long

for; to try to reach; to mount to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That gallant spirit hath <qex>aspired</qex> the clouds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>As*pire"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Aspiration.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>As*pire"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Aspiration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*pir"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

aspires.</def>



<hw>As*pir"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That aspires; <as>as, an

<ex>Aspiring</ex> mind</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*pir"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>As*pir"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Asp"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or like, an asp.</def>



<hw>As`por*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asportatio</ets>, fr. <ets>asportare</ets> to carry away;

<ets>abs = ab + portare</ets> to bear, carry.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The felonious removal of goods from the

place where they were deposited.</def>



<note><hand/ It is adjudged to be larceny, though the goods are

not carried from the house or apartment.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>A*sprawl"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<def>Sprawling.</def>



<hw>A*squat"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<def>Squatting.</def>



<hw>A*squint"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Askant</er>, <er>Squint</er>.]</ety> <def>With the eye

directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision;

obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; <as>as, to look

<ex>asquint</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Ass</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asse</ets>, AS. <ets>assa</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>asni</ets>, W. <ets>asen</ets>, <ets>asyn</ets>, L.

<ets>asinus</ets>, dim. <ets>aselus</ets>, Gr. <?/; also to AS.

<ets>esol</ets>, OHG. <ets>esil</ets>, G. <ets>esel</ets>, Goth.

<ets>asilus</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'91sel</ets>, Lith.

<ets>asilas</ets>, Bohem. <ets>osel</ets>, Pol. <ets>osiel</ets>.

The word is prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. <ets>ath<?/n</ets>

she ass. Cf. <er>Ease</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A quadruped of the genus

<spn>Equus</spn> <spn>(E. asinus)</spn>, smaller than the horse,

and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or

domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become

the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of

wild asses which are swift-footed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Asses' Bridge</col>. <ety>[L. <ets>pons

asinorum</ets>.]</ety> <cd>The fifth proposition of the first

book of Euclid, \'bdThe angles at the base of an isosceles

triangle are equal to one another.\'b8 <mark>[Sportive]</mark>

\'bdA schoolboy, stammering out his <xex>Asses' Bridge</xex>.\'b8

<au>F. Harrison</au>.</cd> -- <col>To make an ass of one's

self</col>, <cd>to do or say something very foolish or

absurd.</cd></cs>



<hw>As`sa*f<oe/t"i*da</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Asafetida</er>.</def>



<mhw><hw>As"sa*gai</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As"se*gai</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg. <ets>azagaia</ets>,

Sp. <ets>azagaya</ets>, fr. a Berber word. Cf.

<er>Lancegay</er>.]</ety> <def>A spear used by tribes in South

Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light

javelin.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*sa"i</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[It., fr. L.

<ets>ad</ets> + <ets>satis</ets> enough. See

<er>Assets</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A direction

equivalent to <xex>very</xex>; <as>as, adagio <ex>assai</ex>,

very slow</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sail"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assailed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assailing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assailen</ets>,

<ets>asailen</ets>, OF. <ets>asaillir</ets>,

<ets>assailler</ets>, F. <ets>assaillir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>saillir</ets> to burst out, project, fr. L.

<ets>salire</ets> to leap, spring; cf. L. <ets>assilire</ets> to

leap or spring upon. See <er>Sally</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile

manner; to assault; to molest; <as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> a man

with blows; to <ex>assail</ex> a city with artillery.</as></def>



<q>No rude noise mine ears <qex>assailing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>No storm can now <qex>assail</qex>

The charm he wears within.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To encounter or meet purposely with the view of

mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like.</def>



<q>The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce <qex>assail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To attack morally, or with a view to produce

changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages,

institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.;

<as>as, to <ex>assail</ex> one with appeals, arguments, abuse,

ridicule, and the like</as>.</def>



<q>The papal authority . . . <qex>assailed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>They <qex>assailed</qex> him with keen invective; they

<qex>assailed</qex> him with still keener irony.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon.

See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sail"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being assailed.</def>



<hw>As*sail"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>assaillant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assaillir</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Assailing; attacking.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>As*sail"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>assaillant</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which,

assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer.</def>



<q>An <qex>assailant</qex> of the church.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>As*sail"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assails.</def>



<hw>As*sail"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

power of assailing; attack; assault.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>His most frequent <qex>assailment</qex> was the headache.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>As"sa*mar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assare</ets> to roast + <ets>amarus</ets>, bitter.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The peculiar bitter substance, soft or

liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum,

sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn

brown.</def>



<hw>As`sam*ese"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its

inhabitants.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <def> A

native or natives of Assam.</def></def2>



<mhw><hw>\'d8As`sa*pan"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8As`sa*pan"ic</hw></mhw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Prob. Indian name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

American flying squirrel (<spn>Pteromys volucella</spn>).</def>



<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>essart</ets> the

grubbing up of trees, fr. <ets>essarter</ets> to grub up or clear

ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL.

<ets>exartum</ets>, <ets>exartare</ets>, for

<ets>exsaritare</ets>; L. <ets>ex + sarire</ets>,

<ets>sarrire</ets>, <ets>saritum</ets>, to hoe, weed.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>The act or offense of

grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or

coverts of a forest.</def>



<au>Spelman. Cowell.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and

fitted for cultivation; a clearing.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<cs><col>Assart land</col>, <cd>forest land cleared of woods and

brush.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*sart"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To grub up, as trees; to

commit an assart upon; <as>as, to <ex>assart</ex> land or

trees</as>.</def>



<au>Ashmole.</au>



<hw>As*sas"sin</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. (cf. It.

<ets>assassino</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets><?/hashishin</ets> one who

has drunk of the <ets>hashish</ets>. Under its influence the

Assassins of the East, followers of the <ets>Shaikh

al</ets>-<ets>Jabal</ets> (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to

commit the murders required by their chief.]</ety> <def>One who

kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one

who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.</def>



<hw>As*sas"sin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assassinate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Stillingfleet.</au>



<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assassinated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assassinating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[LL. <ets>assassinatus</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>assassinare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To kill by

surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous

violence.</def>



<q>Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am

ravished, and like to be <qex>assassinated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assail with murderous intent; hence, by

extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Your rhymes <qex>assassinate</qex> our fame.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Such usage as your honorable lords

Afford me, <qex>assassinated</qex> and betrayed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To kill; murder; slay. See <er>Kill</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sas"sin*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>assassinat</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An assassination,

murder, or murderous assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If I had made an <qex>assassinate</qex> upon your father.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assassin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>As*sas`si*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.</def>



<hw>As*sas"si*na`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

assassin.</def>



<hw>As*sas"sin*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Murderous.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>As*sas"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

LL. <ets>assatio</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assare</ets> to roast.]</ety>

<def>Roasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>As*sault"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asaut</ets>, <ets>assaut</ets>, OF. <ets>assaut</ets>,

<ets>asalt</ets>, F. <ets>assaut</ets>, LL. <ets>assaltus</ets>;

L. <ets>ad + saltus</ets> a leaping, a springing,

<ets>salire</ets> to leap. See <er>Assail</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A violent onset or attack with physical means,

as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an

attacking force; onset; <as>as, to make <ex>assault</ex> upon a

man, a house, or a town</as>.</def>



<q>The Spanish general prepared to renew the

<qex>assault</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Unshaken bears the <qex>assault</qex>

Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as

words, arguments, appeals, and the like; <as>as, to make an

<ex>assault</ex> on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the

constitution of a government</as>.</def>



<au>Clarendon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An apparently violent attempt,

or willful offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another;

an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of

violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the

fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him,

and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a

<xex>battery</xex>.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Wharton.</au>



<q>Practically, however, the word <qex>assault</qex> is used to

include the battery.</q>

<qau>Mozley & W.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset;

onslaught; charge; storm.</syn>



<hw>As*sault"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Assaulted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assaulting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Assault</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>: cf. OF. <ets>assaulter</ets>, LL.

<ets>assaltare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an assault

upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful

or insulting physical violence or menaces.</def>



<q>Insnared, <qex>assaulted</qex>, overcome, led bound.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To attack with moral means, or with a view of

producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or

unfriendly measures; to assail; <as>as, to <ex>assault</ex> a

reputation or an administration</as>.</def>



<q>Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . . 

<qex>Assault</qex> his ears.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the latter sense, <xex>assail</xex> is more

common.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge.

See <er>Attack</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sault"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being assaulted.</def>



<hw>As*sault"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant.</def>



<au>E. Hall.</au>



<hw>As*say"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>asai</ets>, <ets>essai</ets>, trial, F. <ets>essa</ets>. See

<er>Essay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Trial;

attempt; essay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the

<qex>assay</qex> than it now seems at distance.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Examination and determination; test; <as>as, an

<ex>assay</ex> of bread or wine</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This can not be, by no <qex>assay</qex> of reason.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure;

risk; hardship; state of being tried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Through many hard <qex>assays</qex> which did betide.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Tested purity or value.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With gold and pearl of rich <qex>assay</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>The act or process of

ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or

alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or

silver in bullion or coin.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The alloy or metal to be assayed.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<usage><uex>Assay</uex> and <uex>essay</usex> are radically the

same word; but modern usage has appropriated <uex>assay</uex>

chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and <uex>essay</uex> to

intellectual and bodily efforts. See <er>Essay</er>.]



<note><hand/ <xex>Assay</xex> is used adjectively or as the first

part of a compound; as, <xex>assay</xex> balance,

<xex>assay</xex> furnace.</note>



<cs><col>Assay master</col>, <cd>an officer who assays or tests

gold or silver coin or bullion.</cd> -- <col>Assay ton</col>,

<cd>a weight of 29.166\'a6 grams.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*say"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Assayed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Assaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>asaier</ets>, <ets>essaier</ets>, F. <ets>essayer</ets>, fr.

<ets>essai</ets>. See <er>Assay</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Essay</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To try; to

attempt; to apply.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>To-night let us <qex>assay</qex> our plot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Soft words to his fierce passion she <qex>assayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To affect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When the heart is ill <qex>assayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To try tasting, as food or drink.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic

compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to

determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to

ascertain its composition.</def>



<hw>As*say"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To attempt, try, or

endeavor.</def> <mark>[Archaic. In this sense <xex>essay</xex> is

now commonly used.]</mark>



<q>She thrice <qex>assayed</qex> to speak.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>As*say"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be assayed.</def>



<hw>As*say"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who assays.

Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for

the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in

the same, especially of gold or silver.</def>



<hw>As*say"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to

determine the proportion of pure metal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Asse</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small foxlike animal (<spn>Vulpes

cama</spn>) of South Africa, valued for its fur.</def>



<hw>As`se*cu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>assecuratio</ets>, fr. <ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Assurance; certainty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As`se*cure"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>assecurare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make sure or safe; to

assure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>As`se*cu"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ass\'82cution</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assequi</ets> to obtain;

<ets>ad + sequi</ets> to follow.]</ety> <def>An obtaining or

acquiring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>As"se*gai</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Assagai</er>.</def>



<hw>As*sem"blage</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assemblage</ets>. See <er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of assembling, or the state o<?/ being;

association.</def>



<q>In sweet <qex>assemblage</qex> every blooming grace.</q>

<qau>Fenton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of individuals, or of individuals,

or of particular things; <as>as, a political <ex>assemblage</ex>;

an <ex>assemblage</ex> of ideas.</as></def>



<syn>Syn. -- Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering;

meeting; convention.</syn> <usage> <er>Assemblage</er>,

<er>Assembly</er>. An <xex>assembly</xex> consists only of

persons; an <xex>assemblage</xex> may be composed of things as

well as persons, <as>as, an <ex>assemblage</ex> of incoherent

objects</as>. Nor is every <xex>assemblage</xex> of persons an

<xex>assembly</xex>; since the latter term denotes a body who

have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as

to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An

<xex>assemblage</xex> of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys

at a race course, is not an <xex>assembly</xex>, but might be

turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss

and decide as to some object of common interest.</usage>



<hw>As*sem"blance</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>assemblance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resemblance;

likeness; appearance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big

<qex>assemblance</qex> of a man <?/ Give me the spirit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assembling; assemblage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To weete [know] the cause of their <qex>assemblance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>As*sem"ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assembled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assembling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assembler</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>assimulare</ets> to bring together to collect; L. <ets>ad +

simul</ets> together; akin to <ets>similis</ets> like, Gr. <?/ at

the same time, and E. <ets>same</ets>. Cf. <er>Assimilate</er>,

<er>Same</er>.]</ety> <def>To collect into one place or body; to

bring or call together; to convene; to congregate.</def>



<q>Thither he <qex>assembled</qex> all his train.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>All the men of Israel <qex>assembled</qex> themselves.</q>

<qau>1 Kings viii. 2.</qau>



<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To meet or come

together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to

congregate.</def>



<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The Parliament <qex>assembled</qex> in November.</q>

<qau>W. Massey.</qau>



<hw>As*sem"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To liken; to

compare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Bribes may be <qex>assembled</qex> to pitch.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>As*sem"bler</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number

assembled.</def>



<hw>As*sem"bly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Assemblies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>assembl\'82e</ets>, fr. <ets>assembler</ets>. See

<er>Assemble</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A company of persons

collected together in one place, and usually for some common

purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or

for social entertainment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection of inanimate objects.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Howell.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A beat of the drum or sound of

the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble.</def>



<note><hand/ In some of the United States, the legislature, or

the popular branch of it, is called the <xex>Assembly</xex>, or

the <xex>General Assembly</xex>. In the Presbyterian Church, the

<xex>General Assembly</xex> is the highest ecclesiastical

tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from

each presbytery; as, the <xex>General Assembly</xex> of the

Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland.</note>



<-- p. 91  -->



<cs><col>Assembly room</col>, <cd>a room in which persons

assemble, especially for dancing.</cd> -- <col>Unlawful

assembly</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a meeting of three or more

persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable

apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously.</cd>

-- <col>Westminster Assembly</col>, <cd>a convocation, consisting

chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July

1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the

\'bdConfession of Faith,\'b8 the \'bdLarger Catechism,\'b8 and

the \'bdShorter Catechism,\'b8 which are still received as

authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by

Congregationalists.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Assemblage</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sem"bly*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Assemblymen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <def>A member of an

assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state

legislature.</def>



<hw>As*sent"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Assented</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>assentir</ets>, L.

<ets>assentire</ets>, <ets>assentiri</ets>; <ets>ad +

sentire</ets> to feel, think. See <er>Sense</er>.]</ety> <def>To

admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence,

concurrence, or concession.</def>



<q>Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also

<qex>assented</qex>, saying that these things were so.</q>

<qau>Acts xxiv. 9.</qau>



<q>The princess <qex>assented</qex> to all that was

suggested.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.</syn>



<hw>As*sent"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>assent</ets>, fr. <ets>assentir</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of assenting; the act of the

mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with

approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence.</def>



<q>Faith is the <qex>assent</qex> to any proposition, on the

credit of the proposer.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>The <qex>assent</qex>, if not the approbation, of the

prince.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Too many people read this ribaldry with <qex>assent</qex> and

admiration.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Royal assent</col>, <cd>in England, the assent of the

sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament,

after which it becomes law.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Assent</er>, <er>Consent</er>. <xex>Assent</xex>

is an act of the understanding, <xex>consent</xex> of the will or

feelings. We <xex>assent</xex> to the views of others when our

minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true,

right, or admissible. We <xex>consent</xex> when there is such a

concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we

decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives

his <xex>assent</xex>, not his <xex>consent</xex>, to acts of

Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by

personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to

the common good. We also use <xex>assent</xex> in cases where a

proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A

lady may <xex>assent</xex> to a gentleman's opening the window;

but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her

<xex>consent</xex>.</usage>



<hw>As`sen*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assentatio</ets>. See <er>Assent</er>, v.]</ety>

<def>Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or

pretended concurrence.</def>



<q>Abject flattery and indiscriminate <qex>assentation</qex>

degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate

disgust.</q>

<qau>Ld. Chesterfield.</qau>



<hw>As`sen*ta"tor</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>assentari</ets> to assent constantly.]</ety> <def>An

obsequious; a flatterer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>As*sent"a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Flattering; obsequious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*sent"a*to*ri*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>As*sent"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assents.</def>



<hw>As*sen"tient</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Assenting.</def>



<hw>As*sent"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giving or

implying assent.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sent"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*sent"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Giving

assent; of the nature of assent; complying.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*sent"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*sent"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Assent;

agreement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*sert"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Asserted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Asserting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>assertus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>asserere</ets> to join or

fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; <ets>ad + serere</ets> to

join or bind together. See <er>Series</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and

strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate.</def>



<q>Nothing is more shameful . . . than to <qex>assert</qex>

anything to be done without a cause.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To maintain; to defend.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark>



<q>That . . . I may <qex>assert</qex> Eternal Providence,



And justify the ways of God to men.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I will <qex>assert</qex> it from the scandal.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by

words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; <as>as, to

<ex>assert</ex> our rights and liberties</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To assert one's self</col>, <cd>to claim or vindicate

one's rights or position; to demand recognition.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest;

pronounce; declare; vindicate.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Assert</er>, <er>Affirm</er>, <er>Maintain</er>,

<er>Vindicate</er>. To <xex>assert</xex> is to fasten to one's

self, and hence to <xex>claim</xex>. It is, therefore,

adversative in its nature. We <xex>assert</xex> our rights and

privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against

opposition or denial. To <xex>affirm</xex> is to declare as true.

We <xex>assert</xex> boldly; we <xex>affirm</xex> positively. To

<xex>maintain</xex> is to uphold, and insist upon with

earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; <as>as, to

<ex>maintain</ex> one's cause, to <ex>maintain</ex> an argument,

to <ex>maintain</ex> the ground we have taken</as>. To

<xex>vindicate</xex> is to use language and measures of the

strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we

act. We <xex>maintain</xex> our assertions by adducing proofs,

facts, or arguments; we are ready to <xex>vindicate</xex> our

rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.</usage>



<hw>As*sert"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.</def>



<q>The inflexible <qex>asserter</qex> of the rights of the

church.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>As*ser"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assertio</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive

declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted;

position advanced.</def>



<q>There is a difference between <qex>assertion</qex> and

demonstration.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Maintenance; vindication; <as>as, the

<ex>assertion</ex> of one's rights or prerogatives</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sert"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Positive;

affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.</def>



<q>In a confident and <qex>assertive</qex> form.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<wordforms><wf>As*sert"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>As*sert"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*sert"or</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

<ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who asserts or avers; one

who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer,

supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter.</def>



<q>The <qex>assertors</qex> of liberty said not a word.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Faithful <qex>assertor</qex> of thy country's cause.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>As`ser*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Asserting that a thing <xex>is</xex>; -- opposed to

<xex>problematical</xex> and <xex>apodeictical</xex>.</def>



<hw>As*sert"o*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assertorius</ets>, fr. <ets>asserere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Affirming; maintaining.</def>



<q>Arguments . . . <qex>assertory</qex>, not probatory.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<q>An <qex>assertory</qex>, not a promissory, declaration.</q>

<qau>Bentham.</qau>



<q>A proposition is <qex>assertory</qex>, when it enounces what

is known as actual.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>As*sess"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assessed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>assesser</ets> to

regulate, settle, LL. <ets>assessare</ets> to value for taxation,

fr. L. <ets>assidere</ets>, supine as if <ets>assessum</ets>, to

sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf.

<er>Assize</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Cess</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for

the purpose of taxation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a

community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to

impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according

to a rate or apportionment.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a

person, community, estate, or income); to tax; <as>as, the club

<ex>assessed</ex> each member twenty-five cents</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To fix or determine the rate or amount of.</def>



<q>This sum is <qex>assessed</qex> and raised upon individuals by

commissioners in the act.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>As*sess"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Liable to

be assessed or taxed; <as>as, <ex>assessable</ex>

property</as>.</def>



<hw>As`sess*ee"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

assessed.</def>



<hw>As*ses"sion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assessio</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by or near;

<ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety> <def>A

sitting beside or near.</def>



<hw>As*sess"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>assessamentum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; <as>as,

an <ex>assessment</ex> of damages, or of taxes; an

<ex>assessment</ex> of the members of a club.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A valuation of property or profits of business,

for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of

the proper sum to be levied on the property; <as>as, an

<ex>assessment</ex> of property or an <ex>assessment</ex> on

property</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ An <xex>assessment</xex> is a valuation made by

authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a

sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the

property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of

fixing the proportion which each man shall pay.</note>



<au>Blackstone. Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The specific sum levied or assessed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An apportionment of a subscription for stock

into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in

England termed a \'bdcall\'b8).</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>As*sess"or</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., one who sits beside,

the assistant of a judge, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See

<er>Assession</er>. LL., one who arranges of determines the

taxes, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets>. See <er>Assess</er>,

<ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Cessor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate

with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal

<xex>assessors</xex>, nautical <xex>assessors</xex>.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or

as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office.</def>



<q>Whence to his Son,

The <qex>assessor</qex> of his throne, he thus began.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his

<qex>assessors</qex> in judgment.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One appointed to assess persons or property for

the purpose of taxation.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>As`ses*so"ri*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assessorial</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assessor</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of

assessors.</def>



<au>Coxe.</au>



<hw>As*sess"or*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or function of an assessor.</def>



<hw>As"set</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any article or

separable part of one's assets.</def>



<hw>As"sets</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>asez</ets> enough, F. <ets>assez</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad +

satis</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/ enough, Goth. <ets>saps</ets> full.

Cf. <er>Assai</er>, <er>Satisfy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Property of a deceased person,

subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; --

called <xex>assets</xex> because <xex>sufficient</xex> to render

the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and

legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend.</def>

<au>Story</au>. <au>Blackstone</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Effects of

an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of

debts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a

person, a corporation, or an estate; <as>as, the <ex>assets</ex>

of a merchant or a trading association</as>; -- opposed to

<contr>liabilities</contr>.</def>



<note><hand/ In balancing accounts the <xex>assets</xex> are put

on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side.</note>



<hw>As*sev"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>asseverer</ets>, fr. L. <ets>asseverare</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Asseverate</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>As*sev"er*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Asseverated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Asseverating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>asseveratus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>asseverare</ets> to assert seriously or earnestly;

<ets>ad + severus</ets>. See <er>Severe</er>.]</ety> <def>To

affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See

<er>Affirm</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sev`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asseveratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of asseverating, or

that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion;

solemn declaration.</def>



<q>Another abuse of the tongue I might add, -- vehement

<qex>asseverations</qex> upon slight and trivial occasions.</q>

<qau>Ray.</qau>



<hw>As*sev"er*a*tive</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by

asseveration; asserting positively.</def>



<hw>As*sev"er*a*to*ry</hw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Asseverative.</def>



<hw>As*sib"i*late</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assibilatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assibilare</ets> to hiss

out; <ets>ad + sibilare</ets> to hiss.]</ety> <def>To make

sibilant; to change to a sibilant.</def>



<au>J. Peile.</au>



<hw>As*sib`i*la"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Change of a

non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -<xex>tion</xex> to

-<xex>shun</xex>, <xex>duke</xex> to <xex>ditch</xex>.</def>



<hw>As`si*de"an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>kh\'besad</ets> to be pious.]</ety> <def>One of a body of

devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the

Asmoneans.</def>



<hw>As"si*dent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assidens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by:

cf. F. <ets>assident</ets>. See <er>Assession</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Usually attending a disease, but not

always; <as>as, <ex>assident</ex> signs, or symptoms</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sid"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assiduatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assiduare</ets> to use

assiduously.]</ety> <def>Unremitting; assiduous.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Assiduate</xex> labor.\'b8



<au>Fabyan.</au>



<hw>As`si*du"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Assiduities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>assiduitas</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assiduite</ets>. See

<er>Assiduous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Constant or close

application or attention, particularly to some business or

enterprise; diligence.</def>



<q>I have, with much pains and <qex>assiduity</qex>, qualified

myself for a nomenclator.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Studied and persevering attention to a person;

-- usually in the plural.</def>



<hw>As*sid"u*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assiduus</ets>, fr. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit near or

close; <ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Constant in application or attention; devoted;

attentive; unremitting.</def>



<q>She grows more <qex>assiduous</qex> in her attendance.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Performed with constant diligence or attention;

unremitting; persistent; <as>as, <ex>assiduous</ex>

labor</as>.</def>



<q>To weary him with my <qex>assiduous</qex> cries.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied;

unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable.</syn>



<wordforms><wf>As*sid"u*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>As*sid"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*siege"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>asegen</ets>, OF. <ets>asegier</ets>, F.

<ets>assi\'82ger</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>assediare</ets>,

<ets>assidiare</ets>, to besiege. See <er>Siege</er>.]</ety>

<def>To besiege.</def>   <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Assieged</xex> castles.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>As*siege"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A siege.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>As`si*en"tist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assientiste</ets>, Sp. <ets>asentista</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the

Assiento contract.</def>



<au>Bancroft.</au>



<hw>\'d8As`si*en"to</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>asiento</ets> seat, contract or agreement, fr.

<ets>asentar</ets> to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an

agreement; <ets>a</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>sentar</ets>, a

participial verb; as if there were a L. <ets>sedentare</ets> to

cause to sit, fr. <ets>sedens</ets>, <ets>sedentis</ets>, p. pr.

of <ets>sed<?/re</ets> to sit.]</ety> <def>A contract or

convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro

slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract

made with Great Britain in 1713.</def>



<hw>As*sign"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assigned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assigning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>assignen</ets>,

<ets>asignen</ets>, F. <ets>assigner</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>assignare</ets>; <ets>ad + signare</ets> to mark, mark out,

designate, <ets>signum</ets> mark, sign. See

<er>Sign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To appoint; to allot; to

apportion; to make over.</def>



<q>In the order I <qex>assign</qex> to them.</q>

<qau>Loudon.</qau>



<q>The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station

than that in which his lot had been <qex>assigned</qex>.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<q>He <qex>assigned</qex> to his men their several posts.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point

out authoritatively or exactly; <as>as, to <ex>assign</ex> a

limit; to <ex>assign</ex> counsel for a prisoner; to

<ex>assign</ex> a day for trial.</as></def>



<q>All as the dwarf the way to her <qex>assigned</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>It is not easy to <qex>assign</qex> a period more

eventful.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To transfer, or make over to

another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons,

called <xex>assignees</xex>, for the benefit of creditors.</def>



<cs><col>To assign dower</col>, <cd>to set out by metes and

bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate.</cd></cs>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Assign</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thing pertaining or belonging to

something else; an appurtenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Six French rapiers and poniards, with their

<qex>assigns</qex>, as girdles, hangers, and so.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>As*sign"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Assignee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person to whom

property or an interest is transferred; <as>as, a deed to a man

and his heirs and <ex>assigns</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>As*sign`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being assignable.</def>



<hw>As*sign"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; <as>as, an

<ex>assignable</ex> note or bill; an <ex>assignable</ex> reason;

an <ex>assignable</ex> quantity.</as></def>



<hw>\'d8As`si`gnat"</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>assignat</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assignatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>assignare</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of the notes, bills, or

bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of

France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the

church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the

state.</def>



<hw>As`sig*na"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assignatio</ets>, fr. <ets>assignare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>assignation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

assigning or allotting; apportionment.</def>



<q>This order being taken in the senate, as touching the

appointment and <qex>assignation</qex> of those provinces.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An appointment of time and place for meeting or

interview; -- used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly

in a bad sense.</def>



<q>While nymphs take treats, or <qex>assignations</qex> give.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A making over by transfer of title;

assignment.</def>



<cs><col>House of assignation</col>, <cd>a house in which

appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled.</cd></cs>



<hw>As`sign*ee"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>assign\'82</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assigner</ets>. See

<er>Assign</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Assign</er> an

assignee.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A person to

whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by

another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some

right, privilege, or property; <as>as, an <ex>assignee</ex> of a

bankrupt</as>. See <er>Assignment</er> <sd>(c)</sd>.   An

assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by

jaw; as an executor.</def> <au>Cowell</au>.  <au>Blount</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In England, the persons

appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate

of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.</def>



<-- p. 92  -->



<hw>As*sign"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.</def>



<hw>As*sign"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>assignamentum</ets>: cf. OF. <ets>assenement</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An allotting or an appointment to a particular

person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes

in court.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A transfer of

title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of

exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or

interest in lands.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writing by which

an interest is transferred.</def>  <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The transfer

of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called

<xex>assignees</xex>, in whom it is vested for the benefit of

creditors.</def>



<cs><col>Assignment of dower</col>, <cd>the setting out by metes

and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased

husband's estate, and allotting it to her.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Assignment</xex> is also used in law as

convertible with <xex>specification</xex>; assignment of error in

proceedings for review being specification of error; and

assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications

of perjury or fraud.</note>



<hw>As`sign*or"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assignator</ets>. Cf. <er>Assigner</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An assigner; a person who assigns or

transfers an interest; <as>as, the <ex>assignor</ex> of a debt or

other chose in action</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being assimilable.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>As*sim"i*la*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and

incorporated.</def>



<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assimilated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assimilating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assimilatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>assimilare</ets>; <ets>ad + similare</ets> to make like,

<ets>similis</ets> like. See <er>Similar</er>, <er>Assemble</er>,

<er>Assimilate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring to a

likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<q>To <qex>assimilate</qex> our law to the law of Scotland.</q>

<qau>John Bright.</qau>



<q>Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes

<qex>Assimilate</qex> all objects.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To liken; to compa<?/e.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To appropriate and transform or incorporate into

the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate,

as nourishment; <as>as, food is <ex>assimilated</ex> and

converted into organic tissue</as>.</def>



<q>Hence also animals and vegetables may <qex>assimilate</qex>

their nourishment.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<q>His mind had no power to <qex>assimilate</qex> the

lessons.</q>

<qau>Merivale.</qau>



<hw>As*sim"i*late</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

become similar or like something else.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To change and appropriate nourishment so as to

make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body.</def>



<q>Aliment easily <qex>assimilated</qex> or turned into

blood.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be converted into the substance of the

assimilating body; to become incorporated; <as>as, some kinds of

food <ex>assimilate</ex> more readily than others</as>.</def>



<q>I am a foreign material, and cannot <qex>assimilate</qex> with

the church of England.</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>As*sim`i*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assimilatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>assimilation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of assimilating or bringing

to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being

so assimilated; <as>as, the <ex>assimilation</ex> of one sound to

another</as>.</def>



<q>To aspire to an <qex>assimilation</qex> with God.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q>The <qex>assimilation</qex> of gases and vapors.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Herschel.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The conversion of

nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the

processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or

animals.</def>



<q>Not conversing the body, not repairing it by

<qex>assimilation</qex>, but preserving it by ventilation.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>assimilation</xex> has been limited by

some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the

blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and

organs.</note>



<hw>As*sim"i*la*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

LL. <ets>assimilativus</ets>, F. <ets>assimilatif</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that

assimilates or causes assimilation; <as>as, an

<ex>assimilative</ex> process or substance</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sim"i*la*to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; <as>as,

<ex>assimilatory</ex> organs</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sim"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assimulatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assimulare</ets>, equiv. to

<ets>assimilare</ets>. See <er>Assimilate</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To feign; to counterfeit; to

simulate; to resemble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assimilate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>As*sim`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assimulatio</ets>, equiv. to <ets>assimilatio</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Assimilation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>As`si*ne"go</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Asinego</er>.</def>



<hw>Ass"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling an

ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.</def>



<q>Such . . . appear to be of the <qex>assich</qex> kind . . .

</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<hw>As*sist"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assisted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assisting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>assistere</ets>; <ets>ad + sistere</ets> to cause to stand,

to stand, from <ets>stare</ets> to stand: cf. F.

<ets>assister</ets>. See <er>Stand</er>.]</ety> <def>To give

support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress;

to help; to aid; to succor.</def>



<q><qex>Assist</qex> me, knight. I am undone!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve;

succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See <er>Help</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*sist"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lend aid;

to help.</def>



<q>With God not parted from him, as was feared,

But favoring and <qex>assisting</qex> to the end.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be present as a spectator; <as>as, to

<ex>assist</ex> at a public meeting</as>.</def> <mark>[A

Gallicism]</mark>



<au>Gibbon. Prescott.</au>



<hw>As*sist"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assistance</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support.</def>



<q>Without the <qex>assistance</qex> of a mortal hand.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assistant or helper; a body of helpers.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of

London, and his <qex>assistance</qex>, . . . John Cavendish.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Persons present.</def> <mark>[Obs. or a

Gallicism]</mark>



<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assistant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assister</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Helping; lending aid or support;

auxiliary.</def>



<q>Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly

<qex>assistant</qex> to each other.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Of the second grade in the

staff of the army; <as>as, an <ex>assistant

surgeon</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ In the English army it designates the third grade in

any particular branch of the staff.</note>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>As*sist"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a

means of help.</def>



<q>Four <qex>assistants</qex> who his labor share.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Rhymes merely as <qex>assistants</qex> to memory.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Chapone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An attendant; one who is present.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>As*sist"ant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner to give

aid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>As*sist"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An assistant; a

helper.</def>



<hw>As*sist"ful</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Helpful.</def>



<hw>As*sist"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lending

aid, helping.</def>



<hw>As*sist"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without aid or

help.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>As*sist"or</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A assister.</def>



<hw>As*sith"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Assythment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*size"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>assise</ets>, <ets>asise</ets>, OF. <ets>assise</ets>, F.

<ets>assises</ets>, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by

them, tax, impost, fr. <ets>assis</ets>, <ets>assise</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>asseoir</ets>, fr. L. <ets>assid<?/re</ets> to sit by;

<ets>ad + sed<?/re</ets> to sit. See <er>Sit</er>, <er>Size</er>,

and cf. <er>Excise</er>, <er>Assess</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a

bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for

public business.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A special kind of

jury or inquest.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of writ or real

action.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A verdict or finding of a jury

upon such writ.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>A statute or ordinance in

general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight,

measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles

sold in the market; <as>as, the <ex>assize</ex> of bread and

other provisions</as>; (2) A statute fixing the standard of

weights and measures.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>Anything fixed or

reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity,

quality, weight, measure, etc.; <as>as, rent of

<ex>assize</ex></as>.</def>   <au>Glanvill</au>.  <au>Spelman.

Cowell</au>.  <au>Blackstone</au>.  <au>Tomlins</au>.  

au>Burrill</au>. <note>[This term is not now used in England in

the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any

kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to

the jury in criminal cases. <au>Stephen</au>. <au>Burrill</au>.

<au>Erskine</au>.]</note> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>A court, the sitting

or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil

or criminal, by a judge and jury.</def> <au>Blackstone</au>.

<au>Wharton</au>. <au>Encyc. Brit.</au> <sd>(g)</sd> <def>The

periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every

county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the

trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually

in the plural.</def> <au>Brande</au>. <au>Wharton</au>.

<au>Craig</au>. <au>Burrill</au>. <sd>(h)</sd> <def>The time or

place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in the plural,

<xex>assizes</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Measure; dimension; size.</def>   <altsp>[In

this sense now corrupted into <asp>size</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>An hundred cubits high by just <qex>assize</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<altsp>[Formerly written, as in French,

<asp>assise</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>As*size"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Assized</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Assizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Assize</er>, <pos>n.</pos>: cf. LL. <ets>assisare</ets> to

decree in assize. Cf. <er>Asses</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To assess; to value; to rate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an

ordinance or regulation of authority.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As*siz"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An officer

who has the care or inspection of weights and measures,

etc.</def>



<hw>As*siz"or</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld> <def>A juror.</def>



<hw>As*so"ber</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>sober</ets>. Cf. <er>Ensober</er>.]</ety>

<def>To make or keep sober.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>As*so`cia*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being associable, or capable of association;

associableness.</def> \'bdThe <xex>associability</xex> of

feelings.\'b8



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>As*so"cia*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Associate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Capable of being

associated or joined.</def>



<q>We know feelings to be <qex>associable</qex> only by the

proved ability of one to revive another.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sociable; companionable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Liable to be affected by

sympathy with other parts; -- said of organs, nerves, muscles,

etc.</def>



<q>The stomach, the most <qex>associable</qex> of all the organs

of the animal body.</q>

<qau>Med. Rep.</qau>



<hw>As*so"cia*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Associability.</def>



<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Associated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Associating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>associatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>associare</ets>; <ets>ad + sociare</ets> to join or

unite, <ets>socius</ets> companion. See <er>Social</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To join with one, as a friend, companion,

partner, or confederate; <as>as, to <ex>associate</ex> others

with <?/s in business, or in an enterprise</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join or connect; to combine in acting;

<as>as, particles of gold <ex>associated</ex> with other

substances</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To connect or place together in thought.</def>



<q>He succeeded in <qex>associating</qex> his name inseparably

with some names which will last an long as our language.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accompany; to keep company with.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Friends should <qex>associate</qex> friends in grief and

woe.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To unite

in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; <as>as, congenial

minds are disposed to <ex>associate</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite in action, or to be affected by the

action of a different part of the body.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>associatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Closely

connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose,

employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority;

<as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> judge</as>.</def>



<q>While I descend . . . to my <qex>associate</qex> powers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and

privileges; <as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> member</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Connected by habit or

sympathy; <as>as, <ex>associate</ex> motions, such as occur

sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions</as>.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>As*so"ci*ate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

companion; one frequently in company with another, implying

intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A partner in interest, as in business; or a

confederate in a league.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One connected with an association or institution

without the full rights or privileges of a regular member;

<as>as, an <ex>associate</ex> of the Royal Academy</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything closely or usually connected with

another; an concomitant.</def>



<q>The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than

its <qex>associate</qex> appears with it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner;

coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.</syn>



<hw>As*so"ci*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Joined

as a companion; brought into association; accompanying;

combined.</def>



<cs><col>Associated movements</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,

<cd>consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts

without our consciousness.</cd>



<au>Dunglison.</au>

</cs>



<hw>As*so"ci*ate*ship</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.</def>



<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>association</ets>, LL. <ets>associatio</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>associare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

associating, or state of being associated; union; connection,

whether of persons of things.</def> \'bdSome . . . bond of

<xex>association</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<q>Self-denial is a kind of holy <qex>association</qex> with

God.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mental connection, or that which is mentally

linked or associated with a thing.</def>



<q>Words . . . must owe their powers <qex>association</qex>.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable

<qex>associations</qex>, be profaned?</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Union of persons in a company or society for

some particular purpose; <as>as, the American

<ex>Association</ex> for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent

<ex>association</ex></as>.  Specifically, as among the

Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of

ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united

for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the

churches.</def>



<cs><col>Association of ideas</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>,

<cd>the combination or connection of states of mind or their

objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to

be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations

according to which they are thus connected or revived are called

the <xex>law of association<xex>. Prominent among them are

reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and

effect.</cd></cs>



<au>Porter.</au>



<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to association, or to an

association.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the theory held by the

associationists.</def>



<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Philos.)</fld> <def>The doctrine or theory held by

associationists.</def>



<hw>As*so`ci*a"tion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Philos.)</fld>

<def>One who explains the higher functions and relations of the

soul by the association of ideas; <xex>e</xex>. <xex>g</xex>.,

Hartley, J. C. Mill.</def>



<hw>As*so"ci*a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the quality of associating; tending or leading to association;

<as>as, the <ex>associative</ex> faculty</as>.</def>



<au>Hugh Miller.</au>



<hw>As*so"ci*a`tor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme.</def>



<q>How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers,

And Carolina's with <qex>associators</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>As*soil"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>assoiler</ets>, <ets>absoiler</ets>, <ets>assoldre</ets>, F.

<ets>absoudre</ets>, L. <ets>absolvere</ets>. See

<er>Absolve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set free; to

release.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Till from her hands the spright <qex>assoiled</qex> is.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To solve; to clear up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Any child might soon be able to <qex>assoil</qex> this

riddle.</q>

<qau>Bp. Jewel.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set free from guilt; to absolve.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Acquitted and <qex>assoiled</qex> from the guilt.</q>

<qau>Dr. H. More.</qau>



<q>Many persons think themselves fairly <qex>assoiled</qex>,

because they are . . . not of scandalous lives.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To expiate; to atone for.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Let each act <qex>assoil</qex> a fault.</q>

<qau>E. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To remove; to put off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite

<qex>assoil</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>As*soil"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> +

<ets>soil</ets>.]</ety> <def>To soil; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs.

or Poet.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<q>Ne'er <qex>assoil</qex> my cobwebbed shield.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>As*soil"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution;

acquittal.</def>



<hw>As*soil"ment</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A soiling;

defilement.</def>



<mhw><hw>As*soil"zie</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>As*soil"yie</hw></mhw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Old form

<ets>assoil<?/e</ets>. See <er>Assoil</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Scots

Law)</fld> <def>To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.</def>



<q>God <qex>assoilzie</qex> him for the sin of bloodshed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>As"so*nance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assonance</ets>. See <er>Assonant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Resemblance of sound.</def> \'bdThe disagreeable

<xex>assonance</xex> of <?/sheath' and <?/sheathed.'\'b8



<au>Steevens.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A peculiar species of rhyme,

in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one

word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while

the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; <as>as,

<ex>calamo</ex> and <ex>platano</ex>, <ex>baby</ex> and

<ex>chary</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>assonance</qex> is peculiar to the Spaniard.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Incomplete correspondence.</def>



<q><qex>Assonance</qex> between facts seemingly remote.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<hw>As"so*nant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assonans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assonare</ets> to sound to,

to correspond to in sound; <ets>ad + sonare</ets> to sound,

<ets>sonus</ets> sound: cf. F. <ets>assonant</ets>. See

<er>Sound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a resemblance of

sounds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the peculiar

species of rhyme called <xex>assonance</xex>; not

consonant.</def>



<hw>As`so*nan"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Assonant.</def>



<hw>As"so*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assonare</ets>, <ets>assonatum</ets>, to respond to.]</ety>

<def>To correspond in sound.</def>



<hw>As*sort"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assorted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assorting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>assortir</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>sortir</ets> to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L.

<ets>sortiri</ets>, fr. <ets>sors</ets>, <ets>sortis</ets>, lot.

See <er>Sort</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To separate and

distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or

quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify;

<as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> goods</as>. <note>[Rarely applied to

persons.]</note></def>



<q>They appear . . . no ways <qex>assorted</qex> to those with

whom they must associate.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or

a variety of goods; <as>as, to <ex>assort</ex> a

cargo</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sort"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To agree; to be in

accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or

place.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<-- p. 93  -->



<hw>As*sort"ed</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Selected;

culled.</def>



<hw>As*sort"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>assortiment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of assorting,

or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection or quantity of things distributed

into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A collection containing a variety of sorts or

kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; <as>as, an

<ex>assortment</ex> of goods</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sot"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>asoter</ets>, F. <ets>assoter</ets>; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>)

+ <ets>sot</ets> stupid. See <er>Sot</er>.]</ety> <def>To besot;

to befool; to beguile; to infatuate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some ecstasy <qex>assotted</qex> had his sense.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>As*sot"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dazed; foolish;

infatuated.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Willie, I ween thou be <qex>assot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>As*suage"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assuaged</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Assuaging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>asuagen</ets>, <ets>aswagen</ets>, OF.

<ets>asoagier</ets>, <ets>asuagier</ets>, fr.

<ets>assouagier</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ad + suavis</ets> sweet. See

<er>Sweet</er>.]</ety> <def>To soften, in a figurative sense; to

allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to

appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite

or desire.</def>



<q>Refreshing winds the summer's heat <qex>assuage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>To <qex>assuage</qex> the sorrows of a desolate old man</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The fount at which the panting mind <qex>assuages</qex>

Her thirst of knowledge.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm;

tranquilize; relieve. See <er>Alleviate</er>.</syn>



<hw>As*suage"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To abate or

subside.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdThe waters

<xex>assuaged</xex>.\'b8



<au>Gen. vii. 1.</au>



<q>The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to

<qex>assuage</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<hw>As*suage"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>assouagement</ets>, <ets>asuagement</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Mitigation; abatement.</def>



<hw>As*sua"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, assuages.</def>



<hw>As*sua"sive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>assuage</ets>, as if this were fr. a supposed L.

<ets>assuadere</ets> to persuade to; or from E. pref. <ets>ad +

-suasive</ets> as in per<ets>suasive</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Music her soft <qex>assuasive</qex> voice applies.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>As*sub"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> + <ets>subjugate</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

bring into subjection.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>As`sue*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assuefacere</ets> to accustom to; <ets>assuetus</ets> (p. p.

of <ets>assuescere</ets> to accustom to) + <ets>facere</ets> to

make; cf. OF. <ets>assuefaction</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by

<qex>assuefaction</qex> introduce a nature.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>As"sue*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assuetudo</ets>, fr. <ets>assuetus</ets> accustomed.]</ety>

<def>Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.</def>



<q><qex>Assuetude</qex> of things hurtful doth make them lose

their force to hurt.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>As*sum"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That may

be assumed.</def>



<hw>As*sum"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

assumption.</def>



<hw>As*sume"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assumed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assuming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>assumere</ets>;

<ets>ad + sumere</ets> to take; <ets>sub + emere</ets> to take,

buy: cf. F. <ets>assumer</ets>. See <er>Redeem</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take to or upon one's self; to take formally

and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take

unjustly.</def>



<q>Trembling they stand while Jove <qex>assumes</qex> the

throne.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The god <qex>assumed</qex> his native form again.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take for granted, or without proof; to

suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or

tentatively.</def>



<q>The consequences of <qex>assumed</qex> principles.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pretend to possess; to take in

appearance.</def>



<q>Ambition <qex>assuming</qex> the mask of religion.</q>

<qau>Porteus.</qau>



<q><qex>Assume</qex> a virtue, if you have it not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To receive or adopt.</def>



<q>The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank,

<qex>assumed</qex> into that honorable company.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.</syn>



<hw>As*sume"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be

arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.</def>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To undertake, as by a

promise.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>As*sumed"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Supposed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; <as>as,

an <ex>assumed</ex> character</as>.</def>



<hw>As*sum"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

assumption.</def>



<hw>As*sum"ent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assumentum</ets>, fr. <ets>ad + suere</ets> to sew.]</ety>

<def>A patch; an addition; a piece put on.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>John Lewis (1731).</au>



<hw>As*sum"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes.</def>



<au>W. D. Whitney.</au>



<hw>As*sum"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pretentious; taking much

upon one's self; presumptuous.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>\'d8As*sump"sit</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L., he undertook, pret. of L. <ets>assumere</ets>. See

<er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise

may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or

implied.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An action to recover damages for

a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or

implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or

<xex>indebitatus assumpsit</xex> is brought for the most part on

an implied promise. Special <xex>assumpsit</xex> is founded on an

express promise or undertaking.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>As*sumpt"</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assumptus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>assumere</ets>. See

<er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <def>To take up; to elevate; to

assume.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>As*sumpt"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>assumptum</ets>,

p. p. neut. of <ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is

assumed; an assumption.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sun of all your <qex>assumpts</qex> is this.</q>

<qau>Chillingworth.</qau>



<hw>As*sump"tion</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>assumpcioun</ets> a taking up into heaven, L.

<ets>assumptio</ets> a taking, fr. <ets>assumere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>assomption</ets>. See <er>Assume</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the

act of taking up or adopting.</def>



<q>The <qex>assumption</qex> of authority.</q>

<qau>Whewell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of taking for granted, or supposing a

thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim.</def>



<q>This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable

<qex>assumption</qex> that the soul sleeps from the period of

death to the resurrection of the body.</q>

<qau>Thodey.</qau>



<q>That calm <qex>assumption</qex> of the virtues.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition

assumed; a supposition.</def>



<q>Hold! says the Stoic; your <qex>assumption's</qex> wrong.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The minor or second

proposition in a categorical syllogism.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The taking of a person up into heaven.</def>

Hence: <fld>(Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches)</fld> <def>A festival

in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.</def>



<hw>As*sump"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assumptivus</ets>, fr. <ets>assumptus</ets>, fr.

<ets>assumere</ets>.]</ety> <def>Assumed, or capable of being

assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted

claims.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As*sump"tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Assumptive arms</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>originally,

arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an

exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds'

College.</cd></cs>



<au>Percy Smith.</au>



<hw>As*sur"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>assuraunce</ets>, F. <ets>assurance</ets>, fr.

<ets>assurer</ets>. See <er>Assure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full

confidence; that which is designed to give confidence.</def>



<q>Whereof he hath given <qex>assurance</qex> unto all men, in

that he hath raised him from the dead.</q>

<qau>Acts xvii. 31.</qau>



<q><qex>Assurances</qex> of support came pouring in daily.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being assured; firm persuasion;

full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty.</def>



<q>Let us draw with a true heart in full <qex>assurance</qex> of

faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.</q>

<qau>Heb. x. 22.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness;

intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance.</def>



<q>Brave men meet danger with <qex>assurance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<q>Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and

<qex>assurance</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; <as>as,

his <ex>assurance</ex> is intolerable</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Betrothal; affiance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum

on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death.</def>



<note><hand/ Recently, <xex>assurance</xex> has been used, in

England, in relation to life contingencies, and

<xex>insurance</xex> in relation to other contingencies. It is

called <xex>temporary assurance</xex>, in the time within which

the contingent event must happen is limited. See

<er>Insurance</er>.</note>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any written or other legal

evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a

deed.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, the legal evidences of the conveyance of

property are called the <xex>common assurances</xex> of the

kingdom.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>As*sure</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Assured</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Assuring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>ase\'81rer</ets>,

F. <ets>assurer</ets>, LL. <ets>assecurare</ets>; L. <ets>ad +

securus</ets> secure, sure, certain. See <er>Secure</er>,

<er>Sure</er>, and cf. <er>Insure</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise,

declaration, or other evidence.</def>



<q>His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . . 

<qex>Assures</qex> me that the bitterness of death

Is past, and we shall live.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one)

with the design of inspiring belief or confidence.</def>



<q>I dare <qex>assure</qex> thee that no enemy

Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To confirm; to make certain or secure.</def>



<q>And it shall be <qex>assured</qex> to him.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxvii. 19.</qau>



<q>And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall

<qex>assure</qex> our hearts before him.</q>

<qau>1 John iii. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To affiance; to betroth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To insure; to covenant to

indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See

<er>Insure</er>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate;

protest; persuade; convince.</syn>



<hw>As*sured"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made sure;

safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to

excess.</def>



<hw>As*sured"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose life or property

is insured.</def>



<hw>As*sur"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Certainly; indubitably.</def> \'bdThe siege

<xex>assuredly</xex> I'll raise.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>As*sur"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

assured; certainty; full confidence.</def>



<hw>As*sur"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss;

an insurer or underwriter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who takes out a life assurance policy.</def>



<hw>As*sur"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

rising.</def>



<q>The . . . <qex>assurgency</qex> of the spirit through the

body.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>As*sur"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>assurgens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>assurgere</ets>; <ets>ad +

surgere</ets> to rise.]</ety> <def>Ascending</def>;

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>rising obliquely; curving upward.</def>



<au> Gray.</au>



<hw>As*sur"ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

assures; tending to assure; giving confidence.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*sur"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*swage"</hw>, <pos>v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Assuage</er>.</def>



<hw>As*syr"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Assyrius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Assyria, or

to its inhabitants. -- <pos>n.</pos> A native or an inhabitant of

Assyria; the language of Assyria.</def>



<hw>As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to Assyriology; <as>as, <ex>Assyriological</ex>

studies</as>.</def>



<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch\'91ology.</def>



<hw>As*syr`i*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Assyria</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient

Assyria.</def>



<hw>As*syth"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From OF.

<ets>aset</ets>, <ets>asez</ets>, orig. meaning

<ets>enough</ets>. See <er>Assets</er>.]</ety>

<def>Indemnification for injury; satisfaction.</def>

<mark>[Chiefly in Scots law]</mark>



<hw>\'d8As"ta*cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astacus</ets> a crab, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of

fresh-water lobster of Europe, and allied species of western

North America. See <er>Crawfish</er>.</def>



<hw>A*star"board</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Over to the starboard side; -- said of

the tiller.</def>



<hw>A*start"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Astert</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8As*tar"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

a Ph\'d2nician goddess.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and

Europe.</def>



<hw>A*state"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Estate;

state.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*stat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>static</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Magnetism)</fld> <def>Having little or no tendency to take

a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended

magnetic needle, when rendered <xex>astatic</xex>, loses its

polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction.</def>



<cs><col>Astatic pair</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>a pair of

magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as

in some galvanometers.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*stat"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

astatic manner.</def>



<hw>A*stat"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being astatic.</def>



<hw>A*stay"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>An anchor is said to be <xex>astay</xex>, in heaving it, an

acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the

water.</def>



<hw>As"te*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

refined and witty talk, fr. <?/ of the town, polite, witty, fr.

<?/ city: cf. F. <ets>ast\'82isme</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious

manner of deriding another.</def>



<hw>As"tel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>astelle</ets> piece of wood, OF. <ets>astele</ets> splinter,

shaving, F. <ets>attelle</ets>, <ets>astelle</ets>: cf. L.

<ets>astula</ets>, dim. of <ets>assis</ets> board.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed

over the men's heads in a mine.</def>



<hw>As"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aster</ets> aster, star, Gr. <?/ star. See

<er>Star</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus

of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort;

Michaelmas daisy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Floriculture)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Callistephus</spn>. Many varieties (called <stype>China

asters</stype>, <stype>German asters</stype>, etc.) are

cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*te"ri*as</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ starred, fr. <?/ star.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of echinoderms.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly the group of this name included nearly all

starfishes and ophiurans. Now it is restricted to a genus

including the commonest shore starfishes.</note>



<hw>As*te"ri*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <def>Radiated, with diverging rays;

<as>as, <ex>asteriated</ex> sapphire</as>.</def>



<hw>As`ter*id"i*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the

Asterioidea.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A starfish; one

of the Asterioidea.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8As*te`ri*oid"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8As`ter*id"e*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ + <ets>-oid</ets>. See

<er>Asterias</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of

Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in

number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is

starshaped or pentagonal.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*te"ri*on</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ starry.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point on the side

of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid and

occipito-mastoid sutures.</def>



<hw>\'d8As`ter*is"cus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

an asterisk. See <er>Asterisk</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of

many fishes.</def>



<hw>As"ter*isk</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asteriscus</ets>, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ star. See

<er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>The figure of a star, thus, <?/, used

in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in

the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to

mark a word or phrase as having a special character.</def>



<hw>As`ter*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ star; cf. F. <ets>ast\'82risme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A constellation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A small cluster of

stars.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An asterisk,

or mark of reference.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Three asterisks placed in this manner, <asterism/, to direct

attention to a particular passage.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>An optical property of

some crystals which exhibit a star-shaped by reflected light, as

star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica.</def>



<hw>A*stern"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stern</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the

hinder part, or stern; backward; <as>as, to go

<ex>astern</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Behind a ship; in the rear.</def>   \'bdA gale

of wind right <xex>astern</xex>.\'b8 <au>De Foe</au>. \'bdLeft

this strait <xex>astern</xex>.\'b8 <au>Drake</au>.



<cs><col>To bake astern</col>, <cd>to go stern foremost.</cd> --

<col>To be astern of the reckoning</col>, <col>to be behind the

position given by the reckoning</col>.</cd> -- <col>To drop

astern</col>, <cd>to fall or be left behind.</cd> -- <col>To go

astern</col>, <cd>to go backward, as from the action of currents

or winds.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*ster"nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>sternal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the

sternum.</def>



<hw>As"ter*oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

starlike, starry; <?/ star + <?/ form: cf. F.

<ets>ast\'82ro\'8bde</ets>. See <er>Aster</er>.]</ety> <def>A

starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose

orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also

<altname>planetoids</altname> and <altname>minor

planets</altname>.</def>



<hw>As`ter*oid"al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.</def>



<hw>\'d8As`te*rol"e*pis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ star + <?/ scale.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fishes, some of which were

eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old

Red Sandstone.</def>



<au>Hugh Miller.</au>



<-- p. 94  -->



<hw>As`ter*oph"yl*lite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ star + <?/ leaf.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil

plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now

regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.</def>



<hw>A*stert</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>start</ets>; OE. <ets>asterten</ets>,

<ets>asturten</ets>.]</ety> <def>To start up; to befall; to

escape; to shun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*stert"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To escape.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8As`the*ni"a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As"the*ny</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>asthenia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want or loss of strength; debility;

diminution of the vital forces.</def>



<hw>As*then"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ strength.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak;

debilitating.</def>



<hw>\'d8As`the*no"pi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ priv. + <?/ strength + <?/ eye.]</ety> <def>Weakness of

sight.</def>  <au>Quain</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>As`the*nop"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Asth"ma</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

short-drawn breath, fr. <?/ to blow, for <?/: cf. Skr.

<ets>v\'be</ets>, Goth. <ets>waian</ets>, to blow, E.

<ets>wind</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease,

characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic

contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied

with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a

cough, and expectoration.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>Asth*mat"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>asthmaticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex> cough</as>; liable to, or

suffering from, asthma; <as>as, an <ex>asthmatic</ex>

patient</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>Asth*mat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Asth*mat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person affected with

asthma.</def>



<hw>As`tig*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med. &

Opt.)</fld> <def>Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism;

<as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> eyes</as>; also, remedying

astigmatism; <as>as, <ex>astigmatic</ex> lenses</as>.</def>



<hw>A*stig"ma*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/, <?/, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr.

<?/ to prick: cf. F. <ets>astigmatisme</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med. &

Opt.)</fld> <def>A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence

of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a

single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or

indistictness of vision.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is applied especially to the defect causing

images of lines having a certain direction to be indistinct, or

imperfectly seen, while those of lines transverse to the former

are distinct, or clearly seen.</note>



<hw>As*tip"u*late</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astipulari</ets>; <ets>ad + stipulari</ets> to

stipulate.]</ety> <def>To assent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>As*tip`u*la"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astipulatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stipulation; agreement.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>A*stir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stir</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stirring; in a state

of activity or motion; out of bed.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*stom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As"to*mous</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/,

<?/, mouth.]</ety> <def>Not possessing a mouth.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As*ton"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>As*tone"</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Astoned</er>, <er>Astond</er>, or

<er>Astound</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Astonish</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun; to astonish; to

stupefy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>As*ton"ied</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Stunned;

astonished. See <er>Astony</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>And I <qex>astonied</qex> fell and could not pray.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Browning.</qau>



<hw>As*ton"ish</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Astonished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Astonishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>astonien</ets>,

<ets>astunian</ets>, <ets>astonen</ets>, OF. <ets>estoner</ets>,

F. <ets>\'82tonner</ets>, fr. L. <ets>ex</ets> out +

<ets>tonare</ets> to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E.

<ets>stun</ets>. See <er>Thunder</er>, <er>Astound</er>,

<er>Astony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stun; to render

senseless, as by a blow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Enough, captain; you have <qex>astonished</qex> him. [Fluellen

had struck Pistol].</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The very cramp-fish [<it>i. e.</it>, torpedo] . . . being

herself not benumbed, is able to <qex>astonish</qex> others.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder;

to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable;

to confound with some sudden emotion or passion.</def>



<q>Musidorus . . . had his wits <qex>astonished</qex> with

sorrow.</q>

<qau>Sidney.</qau>



<q>I, Daniel . . . was <qex>astonished</qex> at the vision.</q>

<qau>Dan. viii. 27.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Astonished</er>, <er>Surprised</er>. We are

<pos>surprised </pos></wordforms>at what is unexpected. We are

<xex>astonished</xex> at what is above or beyond our

comprehension. We are <xex>taken</xex> by surprise. We are

<xex>struck</xex> with astonishment. <au>C. J. Smith</au>. See

<er>Amaze</er>.</usage>



<hw>As*ton"ish*ed*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

an astonished manner.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>As*ton"ish*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Very wonderful; of a

nature to excite astonishment; <as>as, an <ex>astonishing</ex>

event</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous.</syn>



<wordforms><wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>As*ton"ish*ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>



<hw>As*ton"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>est<?/nnement</ets>, F. <ets>\'82tonnement</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The condition of one who is stunned. Hence:

Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A coldness and <qex>astonishment</qex> in his loins, as folk

say.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dismay; consternation.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The overpowering emotion excited when something

unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind;

an intense degree of surprise; amazement.</def>



<q>Lest the place

And my quaint habits breed <qex>astonishment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The object causing such an emotion.</def>



<q>Thou shalt become an <qex>astonishment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxviii. 37.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.</syn>



<hw>As*ton"y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Astonied</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Astonying</er>. See

<er>Astone</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stun; to bewilder; to

astonish; to dismay.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side

of his head, that he reeled <qex>astonied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>This sodeyn cas this man <qex>astonied</qex> so,

That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A*stoop"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stoop</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a stooping or

inclined position.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>As*tound"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>astouned</ets>, <ets>astound</ets>, <ets>astoned</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>astone</ets>. See <er>Astone</er>.]</ety>

<def>Stunned; astounded; astonished.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Thus Ellen, dizzy and <qex>astound</qex>.

As sudden ruin yawned around.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>As*tound"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Astounded</er>, <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<er>Astound</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Astounding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Astound</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stun; to stupefy.</def>



<q>No puissant stroke his senses once <qex>astound</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To astonish; to strike with amazement; to

confound with wonder, surprise, or fear.</def>



<q>These thoughts may startle well, but not <qex>astound</qex>

The virtuous mind.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>As*tound"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of a nature to astound;

astonishing; amazing; <as>as, an <ex>astounding</ex> force,

statement, or fact</as>.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As*tound"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*tound"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Amazement.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>As`tra*chan"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Astrakhan</er>.</def>



<hw>A*strad"dle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>straddle</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a straddling

position; astride; bestriding; <as>as, to sit <ex>astraddle</ex>

a horse</as>.</def>



<hw>As*tr\'91"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

starry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the genus

<spn>Astr\'91a</spn> or the family

<spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

coral of the family <spn>Astr\'91id\'91</spn>; a star

coral.</def></def2>



<hw>As"tra*gal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astragalus</ets>, Gr. <?/ the ankle bone, a molding in the

capital of the Ionic column.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A convex molding of rounded surface,

generally from half to three quarters of a circle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A round molding encircling a

cannon near the mouth.</def>



<hw>As*trag"a*lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the astragalus.</def>



<hw>As*trag"a*loid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astragalus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Resembling the astragalus in form.</def>



<hw>As*trag"a*lo*man`cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ ankle bone, die + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Divination by means of small bones or dice.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*trag"a*lus</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

See <er>Astragal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which

articulates with the tibia at the ankle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of papilionaceous

plants, of the tribe <spn>Galege\'91</spn>, containing numerous

species, two of which are called, in English, <xex>milk

vetch</xex> and <xex>licorice vetch</xex>. Gum tragacanth is

obtained from different oriental species, particularly the

<spn>A. gummifer</spn> and <spn>A. verus</spn>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See <er>Astragal</er>,

<er>1</er>.</def>



<hw>As`tra*khan"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made of an

Astrakhan skin.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> The skin of

stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which

resembles fur.</def></def2>



<hw>As"tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astralis</ets>, fr. <ets>astrum</ets> star, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>astral</ets>. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to,

coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike.</def>



<q>Shines only with an <qex>astral</qex> luster.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>Some <qex>astral</qex> forms I must invoke by prayer.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Astral lamp</col>, <cd>an Argand lamp so constructed

that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened

ring-shaped reservoir in which the oil is contained.</cd> --

<col>Astral spirits</col>, <cd>spirits formerly supposed to live

in the heavenly bodies or the a\'89rial regions, and represented

in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or

spirits originating in fire.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*strand"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>strand</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stranded.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>A*stray"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Estray</er>, <er>Stray</er>.]</ety> <def>Out of the right,

either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; <as>as,

to lead one <ex>astray</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Ye were as sheep going <qex>astray</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. ii. 25.</qau>



<hw>As*trict"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Astricted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Astricting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>astrictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astringere</ets>. See

<er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind up; to

confine; to constrict; to contract.</def>



<q>The solid parts were to be relaxed or

<qex>astricted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to

limit.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The mind is <qex>astricted</qex> to certain necessary modes or

forms of thought.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>To restrict the tenure

of; <as>as, to <ex>astrict</ex> lands</as>. See

<er>Astriction</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>As*trict"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Concise; contracted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Weever.</au>



<hw>As*tric"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astrictio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of binding;

restriction; also, obligation.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A contraction of

parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on

the animal economy.</def> <au>Dunglison</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Constipation.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Astringency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An obligation to have the

grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the

owner paying a toll.</def>



<au>Bell.</au>



<note><hand/ The lands were said to be <xex>astricted</xex> to

the mill.</note>



<hw>As*tric"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Binding;

astringent.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>An

astringent.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>As*tric"tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*tric"to*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Astrictive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*stride"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>stride</ets>.]</ety> <def>With one leg on

each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched

wide apart; astraddle.</def>



<q>Placed <qex>astride</qex> upon the bars of the palisade.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Glasses with horn bows sat <qex>astride</qex> on his nose.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>As*trif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astrifer</ets>; <ets>astrum</ets> star + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing stars.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>As*tringe"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Astringed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Astringing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>astringere</ets>;

<ets>ad + stringere</ets> to draw tight. Cf. <er>Astrict</er>,

and see <er>Strain</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to

draw together; to compress.</def>



<q>Which contraction . . . <qex>astringeth</qex> the moistu<?/<?/

<?/ br<?/<?/ and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bind by moral or legal obligation.</def>



<au>Wolsey.</au>



<hw>As*trin"gen*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts

of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which

causes contraction of the organic textures; <as>as, the

<ex>astringency</ex> of tannin</as>.</def>



<hw>As*trin"gent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astringens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>astringere</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>astringent</ets>. See <er>Astringe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; --

opposed to <xex>laxative</xex>; <as>as, <ex>astringent</ex>

medicines; a butter and <ex>astringent</ex> taste;

<ex>astringent</ex> fruit.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stern; austere; <as>as, an <ex>astringent</ex>

type of virtue</as>.</def>



<hw>As*trin"gent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine or other

substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures,

and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc.</def>



<q>External <qex>astringents</qex> are called styptics.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<hw>As*trin"gent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an astringent

manner.</def>



<hw>As*trin"ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ostreger</ets>, OF. <ets>ostrucier</ets>, F.

<ets>autoursier</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>austour</ets>,

<ets>ostor</ets>, hawk, F. <ets>autour</ets>; cf. L.

<ets>acceptor</ets>, for <ets>accipiter</ets>, hawk.]</ety>

<def>A falconer who keeps a goschawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Shak.</au> <au>Cowell</au>. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>austringer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>As"tro-</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>The combining form of the

Greek word <grk>'a`stron</grk>, meaning <xex>star</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>As"tro*fel</hw>, <hw>As"tro*fell</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bitter herb, probably the same

as aster, or starwort.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>As*trog"e*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ birth.]</ety> <def>The creation

or evolution of the stars or the heavens.</def>



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>As*trog"no*sy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ knowledge.]</ety> <def>The

science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>As*trog"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Astrogeny</er>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`*tro*gon"ic</wf>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*trog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro'cf</ets> + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or

mapping of the heavens.</def>



<hw>As"tro*ite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astroites</ets>: cf. F. <ets>astroite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

radiated stone or fossil; star-stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>astrite</asp> and

<asp>astrion</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>As"tro*labe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>astrolabie</ets>, <ets>astrilabe</ets>, OF.

<ets>astrelabe</ets>, F. <ets>astrolabe</ets>, LL.

<ets>astrolabium</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ star + <?/, <?/, to

take.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An instrument

for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now

disused.</def>



<note><hand/ Among the ancients, it was essentially the armillary

sphere. A graduated circle with sights, for taking altitudes at

sea, was called an astrolabe in the 18th century. It is now

superseded by the quadrant and sextant.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stereographic projection of the sphere on the

plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a

planisphere.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>As*trol"a*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

worshiper of the stars.</def>



<au>Morley.</au>



<hw>As*trol"a*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <?/ service, worship: cf. F.

<ets>astrol\'83trie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The worship of the

stars.</def>



<hw>As`tro*li*thol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>lithology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science of a\'89rolites.</def>



<hw>As*trol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Astrology</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who studies the

stars; an astronomer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who practices astrology; one who professes

to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the

stars.</def>



<hw>As`tro*lo"gi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>astrologien</ets>.]</ety> <def>An astrologer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>As`tro*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>As`tro*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to astrology;

professing or practicing astrology.</def>  

\'bd<xex>Astrologi<?/</xex> learning.\'b8 <au>Hudibras</au>.

\'bd<xex>Astrological</xex> prognostication.\'b8

<au>Cudworth</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*trol"o*gize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<def>To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.</def>



<hw>As*trol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>astrologie</ets>, L. <ets>astrologia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ astronomer, astrologer; <?/ star + <?/ discourse, <?/ to

speak. See <er>Star</er>.]</ety> <def>In its etymological

signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients,

synonymous with <xex>astronomy</xex>; subsequently, the art of

judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of

foretelling events by their position and aspects.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Astrology</xex> was much in vogue during the

Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as

alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds:

<xex>judicial astrology</xex>, which assumed to foretell the fate

and acts of nations and individuals, and <xex>natural

astrology</xex>, which undertook to predict events of inanimate

nature, such as changes of the weather, etc.</note>



<hw>As`tro*man"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

astrology.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to divination by means of

the stars; astrologic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meteorology</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars,

and the weather.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> -- <wf>As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>As*trom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of

stars.</def>



<hw>As*trom"e*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art

of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their

relative magnitudes.</def>



<hw>As*tron"o*mer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An astrologer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a

knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by

which their motions are regulated, with their various

phenomena.</def>



<q>An undevout <qex>astronomer</qex> is mad.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>As`tro*no"mi*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. &

OF. <ets>astronomien</ets>. See <er>Astronomy</er>.]</ety>

<def>An astrologer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As`tro*nom"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Astronomical.</def>



<-- p. 95  -->



<hw>As`tro*nom"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astronomicus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>astronomique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of

astronomy.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Astronomical clock</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Clock</er>.</cd> --  <col>Astronomical day</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Day</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Astronomical

fractions</col>, <col>Astronomical numbers</col></mcol>. <cd>See

under <er>Sexagesimal</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>As*tron"o*mize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<def>To study or to talk astronomy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They <qex>astronomized</qex> in caves.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>As*tron"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>astronomie</ets>, F. <ets>astronomie</ets>, L.

<ets>astronomia</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ astronomer; <?/ star

+ <?/ to distribute, regulate. See <er>Star</er>, and

<er>Nomad</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Astrology.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck;

And yet methinks I have <qex>astronomy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The science which treats of the celestial

bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of

revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of

the causes of their various phenomena.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treatise on, or text-book of, the

science.</def>



<cs><col>Physical astronomy</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Physical</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>As"tro*phel</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Astrofel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-<ets>  + <ets>photography</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon,

and stars.</def>



<hw>As`tro*phys"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.</def>



<hw>\'d8As*troph"y*ton</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + Gr. <grk>fyton</grk> a plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ophiurans having the arms

much branched.</def>



<hw>As"tro*scope</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>scope</ets>.]</ety> <def>An old

astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface

the constellations were delineated.</def>



<hw>As*tros"co*py</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Observation of the stars.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Astro-</ets> + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the

celestial bodies.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>A*struc"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astructus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>astruere</ets> to build up;

<ets>ad + struere</ets> to build.]</ety> <def>Building up;

constructive; -- opposed to <xex>destructive</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*strut"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling

manner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Inflated and <qex>astrut</qex> with self-conceit.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a strutting manner; with a strutting

gait.</def>



<hw>As*tu"cious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>astucieux</ets>. See <er>Astute</er>.]</ety> <def>Subtle;

cunning; astute.</def>  <mark>[R.]</mark> <au>Sir W. Scott</au>. 

-- <wordforms><wf>As*tu"cious*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>As*tu"ci*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Astucious</er>.]</ety> <def>Craftiness; astuteness.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>A*stun"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Astony</er>, <er>Stun</er>.]</ety> <def>To stun.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdBreathless and <xex>astunned</xex>.\'b8



<au>Somerville.</au>



<hw>As*tu"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Asturias in Spain.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A native of Asturias.</def></def2>



<hw>As*tute"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>astutus</ets>, fr. <ets>astus</ets> craft, cunning; perh.

cognate with E. <ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>Critically

discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled;

discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty.</syn>



<wordforms><wf>As*tute"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>As*tute"ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*sty"lar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ pillar.]</ety> <fld>(arch.)</fld> <def>Without

columns or pilasters.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>A*styl"len</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small dam to prevent free passage of

water in an adit or level.</def>



<hw>A*sun"der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>sunder</ets>.]</ety> <def>Apart; separate

from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in

different pieces or places.</def>



<q>I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it

<qex>asunder</qex>.</q>

<qau>Zech. xi. 10.</qau>



<q>As wide <qex>asunder</qex> as pole and pole.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*su"ra</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Hind.

Myth.)</fld> <def>An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of

demons and giants.</def>



<hw>\'d8As"wail</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sloth bear

(<spn>Melursus labiatus</spn>) of India.</def>



<hw>A*sweve"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>aswebban</ets>; <ets>a + swebban</ets>. See

<er>Sweven</er>.]</ety> <def>To stupefy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*swing"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a state

of swinging.</def>



<hw>A*swoon"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

swoon.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*swooned"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

swoon.</def>



<hw>A*sy"lum</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Asylums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Asyla</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>asylum</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/

exempt from spoliation, inviolable; <?/ priv. + <?/ right of

seizure.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sanctuary or place of refuge

and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and

from which they could not be forcibly taken without

sacrilege.</def>



<q>So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an

<qex>asylum</qex> or sanctuary.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<note><hand/ The name was anciently given to temples, altars,

statues of the gods, and the like. In later times Christian

churches were regarded as asylums in the same sense.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any place of retreat and security.</def>



<q>Earth has no other <qex>asylum</qex> for them than its own

cold bosom.</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An institution for the protection or relief of

some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons;

<as>as, an <ex>asylum</ex> for the aged, for the blind, or for

the insane; a lunatic <ex>asylum</ex>; an orphan

<ex>asylum</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>A*sym"me*tral</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>D. H. More.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>As`ym*met"ric</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>As`ym*met"ri*cal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Asymmetrous</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Incommensurable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not

bilaterally symmetrical.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>A*sym"me*trous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Asymmetrical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>A*sym"me*try</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ symmetry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Want of

symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want

of bilateral symmetry.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Incommensurability.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>As"ymp*tote</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ not falling together; <?/ priv. + <?/ to fall together; <?/

with + <?/ to fall. Cf. <er>Symptom</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A line which approaches nearer to some

curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended,

would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves.

A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the

curve at an infinite distance.</def>



<hw>A*syn"ar*tete`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

not united, disconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ with + <?/ to fasten

to.]</ety> <def>Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>A*syn"ar*tet"ic</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Asynartete verse</col> <fld>(Pros.)</fld>, <cd>a verse

of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first

consists of iambuses and the second of trochees.</cd></cs>



<hw>As`yn*det"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Asyndeton</er>.]</ety> <def>Characterized by the use of

asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>As`yn*det"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*syn"de*ton</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ unconnected; <?/ priv. + <?/ bound together, fr.

<?/; <?/ with + <?/ to bind.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A

figure which omits the connective; <as>as, <ex>I came, I saw, I

conquered</ex></as>. It stands opposed to

<xex>polysyndeton</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*sys"to*le</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>systole</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A weakening or cessation of the

contractile power of the heart.</def>



<hw>A*sys"to*lism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or symptoms characteristic of asystole.</def>



<hw>At</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91t</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>az</ets>, Goth., OS., & Icel.

<ets>at</ets>, Sw. <ets>\'86t</ets>, Dan. & L.

<ets>ad</ets>.]</ety> <def>Primarily, this word expresses the

relations of <xex>presence</xex>, <xex>nearness in place or

time</xex>, or <xex>direction toward</xex>; <as>as, <ex>at</ex>

the ninth hour; <ex>at</ex> the house; to aim <ex>at</ex> a mark.

It is less definite than <it>in</it> or <it>on</it>; <ex>at</ex>

the house may be <it>in</it> or <it>near</it> the house. From

this original import are derived all the various uses of

<ex>at</ex>.</def>  It expresses: -



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or

on, something; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the door; <ex>at</ex> your

shop; <ex>at</ex> home; <ex>at</ex> school; <ex>at</ex> hand;

<ex>at</ex> sea and on land.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The relation of some state or condition; <as>as,

<ex>at</ex> war; <ex>at</ex> peace; <ex>at</ex> ease; <ex>at</ex>

your service; <ex>at</ex> fault; <ex>at</ex> liberty; <ex>at</ex>

risk; <ex>at</ex> disadvantage.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The relation of some employment or action;

occupied with; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> engraving; <ex>at</ex>

husbandry; <ex>at</ex> play; <ex>at</ex> work; <ex>at</ex> meat

(eating); except <ex>at</ex> puns.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The relation of a point or position in a series,

or of degree, rate, or value; <as>as, with the thermometer

<ex>at</ex> 80<deg/; goods sold <ex>at</ex> a cheap price; a

country estimated <ex>at</ex> 10,000 square miles; life is short

<ex>at</ex> the longest.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The relations of time, age, or order; <as>as,

<ex>at</ex> ten o'clock; <ex>at</ex> twenty-one; <ex>at</ex>

once; <ex>at</ex> first.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The relations of source, occasion, reason,

consequence, or effect; <as>as, <ex>at</ex> the sight;

<ex>at</ex> this news; merry <ex>at</ex> anything; <ex>at</ex>

this declaration; <ex>at</ex> his command; to demand, require,

receive, deserve, endure <ex>at</ex> your hands.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Relation of direction toward an object or end;

<as>as, look <ex>at</ex> it; to point <ex>at</ex> one; to aim

<ex>at</ex> a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh

<ex>at</ex> any one.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>At all</col>, <col>At home</col>, <col>At

large</col>, <col>At last</col>, <col>At length</col>, <col>At

once</col>, etc.</mcol> <cd>See under <er>All</er>,

<er>Home</er>, <er>Large</er>, <er>Last</er> (phrase and syn.),

<er>Length</er>, <er>Once</er>, etc.</cd> -- <col>At it</col>,

<cd>busily or actively engaged.</cd> -- <col>At least</col>.

<cd>See <er>Least</er> and <er>However</er>.</cd> -- <col>At

one</col>. <cd>See <er>At one</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>In</er>, <er>At</er>.</syn> <usage> When

reference to the <xex>interior</xex> of any place is made

prominent <xex>in</xex> is used. It is used before the names of

countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live

<xex>in</xex> America, <xex>in</xex> New York, <xex>in</xex> the

South. <xex>At</xex> is commonly employed before names of houses,

institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated

<xex>at</xex> Christ's College; money taken in <xex>at</xex> the

Customhouse; I saw him <xex>at</xex> the jeweler's; we live

<xex>at</xex> Beachville. <xex>At</xex> may be used before the

name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality.

\'bdAn English king was crowned <xex>at</xex> Paris.\'b8

<au>Macaulay</au>. \'bdJean Jacques Rousseau was born

<xex>at</xex> Geneva, June, 28, 1712.\'b8 <au>J. Morley</au>. In

regard to time, we say <xex>at</xex> the hour, <xex>on</xex> the

day, <xex>in</xex> the year; as, <xex>at</xex> 9 o'clock,

<xex>on</xex> the morning of July 5th, <xex>in</xex> the year

1775.</usage>



<hw>At"a*bal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>atabal</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>at</ets>-<ets>tabl</ets> the

drum, <ets>tabala</ets> to beat the drum. Cf.

<er>Tymbal</er>.]</ety> <def>A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used

by the Moors.</def> <au>Croly</au>.



<hw>A*tac"a*mite</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

desert of <ets>Atacama</ets>, where found.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An oxychloride of copper, usually in

emerald-green prismatic crystals.</def>



<hw>At`aft"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos>

<def>After.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At"a*ghan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Yataghan</er>.</def>



<hw>A*take"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At"a*man</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>ataman'</ets>: cf. Pol. <ets>hetman</ets>, G.

<ets>hauptmann</ets> headman, chieftain. Cf.

<er>Hetman</er>.]</ety> <def>A hetman, or chief of the

Cossacks.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8At`a*rax"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At"a*rax`y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>ataraxia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ disturbed, <?/ to

disturb.]</ety> <def>Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*taunt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*taunt"o</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>autant</ets>

as much (as possible).]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Fully

rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set

right.</def>



<hw>A*tav"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atavique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to a remote ancestor,

or to atavism.</def>



<hw>At"a*vism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>atavus</ets> an ancestor, fr. <ets>avus</ets> a

grandfather.]</ety> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The recurrence, or a

tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in

the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than

to near ancestors; reversion to the original form.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The recurrence of any

peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation,

after an intermission for a generation or two.</def>



<q>Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call

<qex>atavism</qex>, or reversion to an ancestral type of

character.</q>

<qau>J. Fiske</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A*tax"i*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>At"ax*y</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>ataxia</ets>,

Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ out of order; <?/ priv. + <?/ ordered, arranged,

<?/ to put in order: cf. F. <ets>ataxie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Disorder; irregularity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Irregularity in

disease, or in the functions.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The state

of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous

condition.</def>



<cs><col>Locomotor ataxia</col>. <cd>See

<er>Locomotor</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*tax"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ataxique</ets>. See <er>Ataxia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by ataxy, that is,

<sd>(a)</sd> by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or

<sd>(b)</sd> by a want of coordinating power in movements.</def>



<cs><col>Ataxic fever</col>, <cd>malignant typhus

fever.</cd></cs>



<au>Pinel.</au>



<hw>At`a*zir"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF., fr. Ar.

<ets>al</ets>-<ets>tas\'c6r</ets> influence.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>The influence of a star upon other

stars or upon men.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ate</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <def>the preterit of

<er>Eat</er>.</def>



<hw>A"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Greek. Myth.)</fld> <def>The goddess of mischievous folly;

also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.</def>



<hw>-ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[From the L. suffix

-<ets>atus</ets>, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st

conj.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>As an ending of participles or

participial adjectives it is equivalent to -<xex>ed</xex>;

<as>as, situ<ex>ate</ex> or situated; anim<ex>ate</ex> or

animated.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>As the ending of a verb, it means <xex>to

make</xex>, <xex>to cause</xex>, <xex>to act</xex>, etc.; <as>as,

to propiti<ex>ate</ex> (to make propitious); to anim<ex>ate</ex>

(to give life to).</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; <as>as,

cur<ex>ate</ex>, deleg<ex>ate</ex></as>. It also sometimes marks

the office or dignity; <as>as, tribun<ex>ate</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In chemistry it is used to denote the salts

formed from those acids whose names end <xex>-ic</xex> (excepting

binary or halogen acids); <as>as, sulph<ex>ate</ex> from

sulphur<ex>ic</ex> acid, nitr<ex>ate</ex> from nitr<ex>ic</ex>

acid, etc.</as>  It is also used in the case of certain basic

salts.</def>



<hw>A*tech"nic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>technic</ets>.]</ety> <def>Without

technical or artistic knowledge.</def>



<q>Difficult to convey to the <qex>atechnic</qex> reader.</q>

<qau>Etching & Engr.</qau>



<hw>\'d8At"e*les</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

incomplete; <?/ priv. + <?/ completion.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of American monkeys with

prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary.

See <er>Spider monkey</er>, and <er>Coaita</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A`te*lier"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A workshop; a studio.</def>



<hw>A*tel"lan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Atellanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atella</ets>, an ancient town of

the Osci, in Campania.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Atella, in

ancient Italy; <as>as, <ex>Atellan</ex> plays</as>; farcical;

ribald.</def>  -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A farcical drama

performed at Atella.</def></def2>



<hw>A*thal"a*mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ nuptial bed.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not

furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of

certain lichens.</def>



<hw>Ath"a*maunt</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Adamant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Written in the table of <qex>athamaunt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Ath`a*na"sian</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th

century.</def>



<cs><col>Athanasian creed</col>, <cd>a formulary, confession, or

exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by

Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition

is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It

is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ath"a*nor</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Ar.

<ets>at-tann\'d4r</ets>, fr. Heb. <ets>tann\'d4r</ets> an oven or

furnace.]</ety> <def>A digesting furnace, formerly used by

alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and

durable heat.</def>



<au>Chambers.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ath`e*ca"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ chest, box.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of Hydroidea in which the

zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See

<er>Tubularian</er>.</def>



<hw>A"the*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ath\'82isme</ets>. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or

supreme intelligent Being.</def>



<q><qex>Atheism</qex> is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing

above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness.</q>

<qau>R. Hall.</qau>



<q><qex>Atheism</qex> and pantheism are often wrongly

confounded.</q>

<qau>Shipley.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Godlessness.</def>



<hw>A"the*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ without god; <?/

priv. + <?/ god: cf. F. <ets>ath\'82iste</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a

God, or supreme intelligent Being.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A godless person.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever.</syn>



<note>See <er>Infidel</er>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>A`the*is"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>A`the*is"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism;

-- applied to things; <as>as, <ex>atheistic</ex> doctrines,

opinions, or books</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Atheistical</qex> explications of natural effects.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious;

godless; -- applied to persons; <as>as, an <ex>atheistic</ex>

writer</as>.</def>  -- <wordforms><wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>A`the*is"tic*al*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A"the*ize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To render

atheistic or godless.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>They endeavored to <qex>atheize</qex> one another.</q>

<qau>Berkeley.</qau>



<hw>A"the*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To discourse, argue, or

act as an atheist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>  --

<wordforms><wf>A"the*i`zer</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<-- p. 96  -->



<hw>Ath"el*ing</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'91<?/eling</ets> noble, fr. <ets>\'91<?/ele</ets> noble,

akin to G. <ets>adel</ets> nobility, <ets>edel</ets> noble. The

word <ets>\'91<?/el</ets>, E. <ets>ethel</ets>, is in many AS.

proper names, as <ets>Ethel</ets>wolf, noble wolf;

<ets>Ethel</ets>bald, noble bold; <ets>Ethel</ets>bert, noble

bright.]</ety> <def>An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the

heir apparent or a prince of the royal family.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Adeling</asp> and

<asp>\'92theling</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw><hw>Ath`e*ne"um</hw>, <hw>Ath`e*n\'91"um</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Atheneums</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, L. <plw>Athen\'91a</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>Athenaemum</ets>, Gr. <?/ a

temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. <?/, contr. fr. <?/, <?/, in

Homer <?/, <?/, Athene (called <xex>Minerva</xex> by the Romans),

the tutelary goddess of Athens.]</ety> <sn>1</sn> <fld>(Gr.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which

scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and

instruct students.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A literary or scientific association or

club.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A building or an apartment where a library,

periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.</def>



<hw>A*the"ni*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>Ath\'82nien</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Athens,

the metropolis of Greece. -- <pos>n.</pos> A native or citizen of

Athens.</def>



<hw>A`the*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Opposed to theology; atheistic.</def>



<au>Bp. Montagu.</au>



<hw>A`the*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> not + <ets>theology</ets>.]</ety> <def>Antagonism

to theology.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>A"the*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

without God. See <er>Atheist</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Atheistic; impious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without God, neither accepting nor denying

him.</def>



<q>I should say science was <qex>atheous</qex>, and therefore

could not be atheistic.</q>

<qau>Bp. of Carlisle.</qau>



<hw>Ath"er*ine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>atherina</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of smelt.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish of the family

<spn>Atherinid\'91</spn>, having a silvery stripe along the

sides. The European species <spn>(Atherina presbyter)</spn> is

used as food. The American species <spn>(Menidia notata)</spn> is

called <xex>silversides</xex> and <xex>sand smelt</xex>. See

<er>Silversides</er>.</def>



<hw>A*ther"man*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Athermanous</er>.]</ety> <def>Inability to transmit radiant;

impermeability to heat.</def>



<au>Tyndall.</au>



<hw>A*ther"ma*nous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

priv. + <?/ to heat, <?/ heat: cf. F.

<ets>athermane</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Not

transmitting heat; -- opposed to <xex>diathermanous</xex>.</def>



<hw>A*ther"mous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Athermanous.</def>



<hw>Ath"er*oid</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/,

<?/, a beard, or an ear, of grain + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Shaped like an ear of grain.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ath`e*ro"ma</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, fr. <?/ gr<?/ats, meal.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An encysted tumor containing

curdy matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A disease characterized by

thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the

arteries.</def>



<hw>Ath`e*rom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or having the nature

of, atheroma.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ath`e*to"sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ not fixed; <?/ priv. + <?/ to set.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar

tremors of the fingers and toes.</def>



<hw>A*think"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To repent;

to displease; to disgust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*thirst"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ofthurst</ets>, AS. <ets>ofpyrsted</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>ofpyrstan</ets>; pref. <ets>of-</ets>, intensive +

<ets>pyrstan</ets> to thirst. See <er>Thirst</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Wanting drink; thirsty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a keen appetite or desire; eager;

longing.</def> \'bd<xex>Athirst</xex> for battle.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Ath"lete</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>athleta</ets>, Gr. <?/ prizefighter, fr. <?/ to contend for

a prize, <?/, Hom. <?/, contest, <?/ prize; fr. the same root as

E. <ets>wed</ets>: cf. F. <ets>athl\'8ate</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>One who contended for a

prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any one trained to contend in exercises

requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great

activity and strength; a champion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual

contests; <as>as, <ex>athletes</ex> of debate</as>.</def>



<hw>Ath`let"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>athleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Athlete</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises

practiced by them; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> games or

sports</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust;

vigorous; <as>as, <ex>athletic</ex> Celts</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Athletic</xex> soundness.\'b8 <au>South</au>.  --

<wordforms><wf>Ath*let"ic*al*ly</wf> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ath*let"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.</def>



<hw>Ath*let"ics</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of

athletes.</def>



<hw>Ath"le*tism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an

athlete.</def>



<hw>A*thwart"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>thwart</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Across; from side to side of.</def>



<q>Athwart the thicket lone.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Across the direction or

course of; <as>as, a fleet standing <ex>athwart</ex> our

course</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Athwart hawse</col>, <cd>across the stem of another

vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance.</cd> --

<col>Athwart ships</col>, <cd>across the ship from side to side,

or in that direction; -- opposed to <xex>fore and

aft<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*thwart"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>1. Across, especially in

an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely.</def>



<q>Sometimes <qex>athwart</qex>, sometimes he strook him

straight.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Across the course; so as to thwart;

perversely.</def>



<q>All <qex>athwart</qex> there came

A post from Wales loaden with heavy news.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*tilt"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>tilt</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the

manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one

making a thrust.</def>   \'bdTo run <xex>atilt</xex> at men.\'b8

<au>Hudibras</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the position of a cask tilted, or with one

end raised. <note>[In this sense sometimes used as an

adjective.]</note></def>



<q>Abroach, <qex>atilt</qex>, and run

Even to the lees of honor.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>At"i*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ honor.]</ety> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>Public

disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<hw>-a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[L. -<ets>ation</ets>em. See

<er>-tion</er>.]</ety> <def>A suffix forming nouns of

<xex>action</xex>, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive

in -<xex>ing</xex>. It sometimes has the further meanings of

<xex>state</xex>, and <xex>that which</xex> results from the

action. Many of these nouns have verbs in -<xex>ate</xex>;

<as>as, alliter<ex>ate</ex> -<ex>ation</ex>, narr<ex>ate</ex>

-<ex>ation</ex></as>; many are derived through the French;

<as>as, alter<ex>ation</ex>, visit<ex>ation</ex></as></as>; and

many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative

-<xex>ize</xex> (Fr. -<xex>ise</xex>); <as>as,

civiliz<ex>ation</ex>, demoraliz<ex>ation</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>A-tip"toe</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On tiptoe;

eagerly expecting.</def>



<q>We all feel <qex>a</qex>-<qex>tiptoe</qex> with hope and

confidence.</q>

<qau>F. Harrison.</qau>



<hw>\'d8At*lan"ta</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of small

glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid

ocean. See <er>Heteropod</er>.</def>



<hw>At*lan"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to the atlas.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anterior; cephalic.</def>



<au>Barclay.</au>



<hw>At`lan*te"an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Atlant<?/us</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and

overwhelmed by the ocean.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas;

strong.</def>



<q>With <qex>Atlantean</qex> shoulders, fit to bear

The weight of mightiest monarchies.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8At*lan"tes</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.,

fr. Gr. <?/, pl. of <?/. See <er>Atlas</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Figures or half figures of men, used as

columns to support an entablature; -- called also

<altname>telamones</altname>.  See <er>Caryatides</er>.</def>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<hw>At*lan"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Atlanticus</ets>, fr. <ets>Atlas</ets>. See <er>Atlas</er>

and <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies

between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west;

<as>as, the <ex>Atlantic</ex> Ocean (called also <ex>the

Atlantic</ex>); the <ex>Atlantic</ex> basin; the

<ex>Atlantic</ex> telegraph.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Descended from Atlas.</def>



<q>The seven <qex>Atlantic</qex> sisters.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8At*lan"ti*des</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. See <er>Atlantes</er>.]</ety> <def>The Pleiades or seven

stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas.</def>



<hw>At"las</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Atlases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Atlas</ets>,

-<ets>antis</ets>, Gr. <?/, <?/, one of the older family of gods,

who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. <ets>Atlas</ets>, in

W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root

of <?/ to bear. See <er>Tolerate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who sustains a great burden.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The first vertebra of the

neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining

the globe of the head, whence the name.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A collection of maps in a volume</def>; --

<note>supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting

the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to

have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in

the 16th century.<note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A volume of plates illustrating any

subject.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A work in which subjects are exhibited in a

tabular from or arrangement; <as>as, an historical

<ex>atlas</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A large, square folio, resembling a volume of

maps; -- called also <altname>atlas folio</altname>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A drawing paper of large size. See under

<er>Paper</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<cs><col>Atlas powder</col>, <cd>a nitroglycerin blasting

compound of pasty consistency and great explosive

power.</cd></cs>



<hw>At"las</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar., smooth.]</ety> <def>A

rich kind of satin manufactured in India.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>At`mi*dom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>atmidom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>At"mo</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>atmosphere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The

standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical

measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under

which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature

of 0<deg/ Centigrade, at the level of the sea, and in the

latitude of Paris.</def>



<au>Sir W. Thomson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>At`mo*log"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At`mo*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to atmology.</def>

\'bd<xex>Atmological</xex> laws of heat.\'b8



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>At*mol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

is versed in atmology.</def>



<hw>At*mol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

vapor + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>That

branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of

aqueous vapor.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>At*mol"y*sis</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

vapor + <?/ a loosing, <?/ to loose.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal

diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.</def>



<hw>At`mol*y*za"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Separation by atmolysis.</def>



<hw>At"mo*lyze</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To subject to atmolysis; to separate by

atmolysis.</def>



<hw>At"mo*ly`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for effecting

atmolysis.</def>



<hw>At*mom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

smoke, vapor + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>atmom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for measuring

the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an

evaporometer.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>At"mos*phere</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

vapor (akin to Skr. <ets>\'betman</ets> breath, soul, G.

<ets>athem</ets> breath) + <?/ sphere: cf. F.

<ets>atmosph\'8are</ets>. See <er>Sphere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The whole mass of

a\'89riform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the

gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; <as>as, the

<ex>atmosphere</ex> of Mars</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

gaseous envelope or medium.</def>



<q>An <qex>atmosphere</qex> of cold oxygen.</q>

<qau>Miller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A supposed medium around various bodies; <as>as,

<ex>electrical atmosphere</ex>, a medium formerly supposed to

surround electrical bodies</as>.</def>



<au>Franklin.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The pressure or weight of the air at the sea

level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq.

inch.</def>



<q>Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650

<qex>atmospheres</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lubbock.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any surrounding or pervading influence or

condition.</def>



<q>The chillest of social <qex>atmospheres</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The portion of air in any locality, or affected

by a special physical or sanitary condition; <as>as, the

<ex>atmosphere</ex> of the room; a moist or noxious

<ex>atmosphere</ex>.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>At`mos*pher"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atmosph\'82rique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or

resembling, the atmosphere; <as>as, <ex>atmospheric</ex> air; the

<ex>atmospheric</ex> envelope of the earth.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Existing in the atmosphere.</def>



<q>The lower <qex>atmospheric</qex> current.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere;

<as>as, an <ex>atmospheric</ex> effect; an <ex>atmospheric</ex>

engine.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Dependent on the atmosphere.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>In am so <qex>atmospherical</qex> a creature.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Atmospheric engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine whose

piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam

which raised it is condensed within the cylinder.</cd>

<au>Tomlinson</au>. -- <col>Atmospheric line</col> <fld>(Steam

Engin.)</fld>, <cd>the equilibrium line of an indicator card.

Steam is expanded \'bddown to the atmosphere\'b8 when its

pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See <er>Indicator

card</er>.)</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric pressure</col>, <cd>the

pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in

every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square

inch.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric railway</col>, <cd>one in which

pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of

a vacuum, is the propelling force.</cd> -- <col>Atmospheric

tides</col>. <cd>See under <er>Tide</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>In relation to the atmosphere.</def>



<hw>At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Atmosphere</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

science or a treatise on the atmosphere.</def>



<hw>At"o*kous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

barren; <?/ priv. + <?/ offspring.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain

annelids.</def>



<hw>A*toll"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The native

name in the Indian Ocean.]</ety> <def>A coral island or islands,

consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding

a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island.</def>



<hw>At"om</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>atomus</ets>, Gr. <?/, uncut, indivisible; <?/ priv. + <?/,

verbal adj. of <?/ to cut: cf. F. <ets>atome</ets>. See

<er>Tome</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>An ultimate indivisible particle of

matter.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An ultimate particle of matter

not necessarily indivisible; a molecule.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to

be made up of subordinate particles.</def>



<note><hand/ These three definitions correspond to different

views of the nature of the ultimate particles of matter. In the

case of the last two, the particles are more correctly called

<xex>molecules</xex>.</note>



<au>Dana.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The smallest particle of

matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary

constituents of a molecule.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything extremely small; a particle; a

whit.</def>



<q>There was not an <qex>atom</qex> of water.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Ross.</qau>



<hw>At"om</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reduce to atoms.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Feltham.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*tom"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>A*tom"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atomique</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to

atoms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extremely minute; tiny.</def>



<cs><col>Atomic philosophy</col>, <cd>or <xex>Doctrine of

atoms<xex>, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with

gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of

all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was

developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and

hence is sometimes denominated the <xex>Epicurean<xex>

philosophy.</cd> -- <col>Atomic theory</col>, <cd>or the

<xex>Doctrine of definite proportions<xex> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

teaches that chemical combinations take place between the

supposed ultimate particles or <xex>atoms<xex> of bodies, in some

simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other,

always expressible in whole numbers.</cd> -- <col>Atomic

weight</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the weight of the atom of an

element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen,

taken as a standard.</cd></cs>



<hw>A*tom"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an atomic

manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.</def>



<hw>At`o*mi"cian</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

atomist.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*tom"i*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Atomism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At`o*mic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atomicit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Degree of

atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the

number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See

<er>Valence</er>.</def>



<hw>At"om*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atomisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of atoms. See

<cref>Atomic philosophy</cref>, under <er>Atomic</er>.</def>



<hw>At"om*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atomiste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who holds to the atomic

philosophy or theory.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>At`om*is"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It is the object of the mechanical <qex>atomistic</qex>

philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>At`om*i*za"tion</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of

being so reduced.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The reduction of fluids into

fine spray.</def>



<hw>At"om*ize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reduce to atoms, or

to fine spray.</def>



<q>The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized,

nebulized, or <qex>atomized</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<-- p. 97  -->



<hw>At"om*i`zer</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,

atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for

disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.</def>



<hw>At`om*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Atom</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

doctrine of atoms.</def>



<au>Cudworth.</au>



<hw>At"om*y</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An atom; a

mite; a pigmy.</def>



<hw>At"o*my</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>anatomy</ets>, taken as <ets>an atomy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

skeleton.</def> <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*ton"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Admitting

an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.</def>



<hw>At one"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[OE. <ets>at on</ets>,

<ets>atone</ets>, <ets>atoon</ets>, <ets>attone</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In concord or friendship; in agreement (with

each other); <as>as, to be, bring, make, or set, <ex>at one</ex>,

i</as>. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or

reconciliation.</def>



<q>If gentil men, or othere of hir contree



Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem <qex>atoon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the same opinion; agreed; <as>as, on these

points we are <ex>at one</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>He and Aufidius can no more <qex>atone</qex>

Than violentest contrariety.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation,

compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime.</def>



<q>The murderer fell, and blood <qex>atoned</qex> for blood.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The ministry not <qex>atoning</qex> for their former conduct

by any wise or popular measure.</q>

<qau>Junius.</qau>



<hw>A*tone"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set at

one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance;

to appease.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I would do much

To <qex>atone</qex> them, for the love I bear to Cassio.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To unite in making.</def> <mark>[Obs. &

R.]</mark>



<q>The four elements . . . have <qex>atoned</qex>



A noble league.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make satisfaction for; to expiate.</def>



<q>Or each <qex>atone</qex> his guilty love with life.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>A*tone"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>(Literally, a setting <xex>at one</xex>.) Reconciliation;

restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>By whom we have now received the <qex>atonement</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rom. v. 11.</qau>



<q>He desires to make <qex>atonement</qex>

Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an

equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which

will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury;

expiation; amends; -- with <xex>for</xex>. Specifically, in

theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal

suffering, and death of Christ.</def>



<q>When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best

<qex>atonement</qex> be can make for it is, to warn others.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were

thought to have made a sufficient <qex>atonement</qex> for their

former offense.</q>

<qau>Potter.</qau>



<hw>A*ton"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes

atonement.</def>



<hw>At*ones</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[See <er>At

one</er>.]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Down he fell <qex>atones</qex> as a stone.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>A*ton"ic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>atonique</ets>. See <er>Atony</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Characterized by atony, or want of vital

energy; <as>as, an <ex>atonic</ex> disease</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Unaccented; <as>as, an

<ex>atonic</ex> syllable</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Destitute of tone vocality; surd.</def>



<au>Rush.</au>



<hw>A*ton"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld>

<def>A word that has no accent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An element of speech entirely destitute of

vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd

consonant; a breathing.</def>



<au>Rush.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A remedy capable of allaying

organic excitement or irritation.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>At"o*ny</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

slackness; <?/ priv. + <?/ tone, strength, <?/ to stretch: cf. F.

<ets>atonie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Want of tone;

weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as

are contractile.</def>



<hw>A*top"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On or at the

top.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>atrabilarius</ets>, fr. L. <ets>atra bilis</ets>

black bile: cf. F. <ets>atrabilaire</ets>, fr.

<ets>atrabile</ets>.]</ety> <def>Affected with melancholy;

atrabilious.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>At`ra*bi*la"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person much

given to melancholy; a hypochondriac.</def>



<au>I. Disraeli.</au>



<hw>At`ra*bil"iar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Melancholy; atrabilious.</def>



<hw>At`ra*bil"ia*ry</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to <xex>atra bilis</xex> or black bile, a

fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; --

from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of

which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and

mania.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Atrabiliary arteries</col>, <col>capsules</col>,

and <col>veins</col></mcol> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>those

pertaining to the kidney; -- called also <xex>renal<xex>

arteries, capsules, and veins.</cd></cs>



<hw>At`ra*bil"ious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary.</def>



<au>Dunglision.</au>



<q>A hard-faced, <qex>atrabilious</qex>, earnest-eyed race.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<q>He was constitutionally <qex>atrabilious</qex> and

scornful.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ceous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>atramentum</ets> ink, fr. <ets>ater</ets> black.]</ety>

<def>Black, like ink; inky; atramental.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Derham.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>At`ra*men"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At`ra*men"tous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; <as>as,

<ex>atramental</ex> galls; <ex>atramentous</ex> spots.</as></def>



<hw>At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>atramentaire</ets>. See

<er>Atramentaceous</er>.]</ety> <def>Like ink; suitable for

making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called

<xex>atramentarious</xex>, as being used in making ink.</def>



<hw>At*rede</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>at</ets> (AS. <ets>\'91t</ets>) out +

<ets>rede</ets>.]</ety> <def>To surpass in council.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Men may the olde atrenne, but hat <qex>atrede</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>At*renne"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>at + renne</ets> to run.]</ety> <def>To outrun.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8A*tre"si*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ not perforated.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Absence

or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body;

imperforation.</def>



<hw>A"tri*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to an

atrium.</def>



<hw>A*trip"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>trip</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the

anchor.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and

ready for trimming; -- said of sails.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; -- said of

yards.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"tri*um</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Atria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., the fore court of

a Roman house.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at

one or more levels.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An open court with a

porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the

entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in

the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The main part of either

auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix.

Also, the whole articular portion of the heart.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cavity in ascidians into

which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also

receives the water from the gills. See

<er>Ascidioidea</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8At`ro*cha</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a circle.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

kind of ch\'91topod larva in which no circles of cilia are

developed.</def>



<hw>A*tro"cious</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel, fierce: cf. F.

<ets>atroce</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Extremely heinous;

full of enormous wickedness; <as>as, <ex>atrocious</ex> quilt or

deeds</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity,

great atrocity.</def>



<q>Revelations . . . so <qex>atrocious</qex> that nothing in

history approaches them.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Very grievous or violent; terrible; <as>as,

<ex>atrocious</ex> distempers</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Atrocious</er>, <er>Flagitious</er>,

<er>Flagrant</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Flagitious</xex> points to

an act as grossly wicked and vile; <as>as, a <ex>flagitious</ex>

proposal</as>. <xex>Flagrant</xex> marks the vivid impression

made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous;

as, a <xex>flagrant</xex> misrepresentation; a

<xex>flagrant</xex> violation of duty. <xex>Atrocious</xex>

represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit.

If Lord Chatham, instead of saying \'bdthe <xex>atrocious</xex>

crime of being a young man,\'b8 had used either of the other two

words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated

reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson.</usage>



 -- <wordforms><wf>A*tro"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>A*tro"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*troc"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Atrocities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>atrocit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>atrocitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>atrox</ets>, <ets>atrocis</ets>, cruel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An atrocious or extremely cruel deed.</def>



<q>The atrocities which attend a victory.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>A*troph"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

atrophy.</def>



<hw>At"ro*phied</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Affected

with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a

very early stage; rudimentary.</def>



<hw>At"ro*phy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>atrophia</ets>, Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ to nourish: cf. F.

<ets>atrophie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wasting away from want of

nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or

of any part.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Atrophied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to

waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.</def>



<hw>At"ro*phy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To waste away; to

dwindle.</def>



<hw>A*tro"pi*a</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Atropine</er>.</def>



<hw>At"ro*pine</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

inflexible; hence <?/ <?/, one of the three Parc\'91; <?/ priv. +

<?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poisonous, white,

crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the <spn>Atropa

belladonna</spn>, or deadly nightshade, and the <spn>Datura

Stramonium</spn>, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power

in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also

<altname>daturine</altname>.</def>



<hw>At"ro*pism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A condition of the system produced by long use of

belladonna.</def>



<hw>At"ro*pous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ priv. + <?/ to turn.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Not

inverted; orthotropous.</def>



<hw>A"trous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ater</ets>.]</ety> <def>Coal-black; very black.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*try"pa</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ a hole.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian

limestones.</def>



<hw>At"ta*bal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Atabal</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8At*tac"ca</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[It., fr.

<ets>attaccare</ets> to tie, bind. See <er>Attach</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Attack at once; -- a direction at the end

of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately,

without any pause.</def>



<hw>At*tach"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attached</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Attaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atachier</ets>,

F. <ets>attacher</ets>, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt.

<ets>tac</ets>, <ets>tach</ets>, nail, E. <ets>tack</ets> a small

nail, <ets>tack</ets> to fasten. Cf. <er>Attack</er>, and see

<er>Tack</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bind, fasten, tie, or

connect; to make fast or join; <as>as, to <ex>attach</ex> one

thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like</as>.</def>



<q>The shoulder blade is . . . <qex>attached</qex> only to the

muscles.</q>

<qau>Paley.</qau>



<q>A huge stone to which the cable was <qex>attached</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign

by authority; to appoint; <as>as, an officer is <ex>attached</ex>

to a certain regiment, company, or ship</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love

or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral

influence; -- with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, <ex>attached</ex> to a

friend; <ex>attaching</ex> others to us by wealth or

flattery.</as></def>



<q>Incapable of <qex>attaching</qex> a sensible man.</q>

<qau>Miss Austen.</qau>



<q>God . . . by various ties <qex>attaches</qex> man to man.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or

attribute; to affix; -- with <xex>to</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>attach</ex> great importance to a particular

circumstance</as>.</def>



<q>Top this treasure a curse is <qex>attached</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bayard Taylor.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To take, seize, or lay hold of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To take by legal authority: <sd>(a)</sd> To

arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a

debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a taking of the person by a

<xex>civil</xex> process; being now rarely used for the arrest of

a criminal. <sd>(b)</sd> To seize or take (goods or real estate)

by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a

judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See

<er>Attachment</er>, <er>4</er>.</def>



<q>The earl marshal <qex>attached</qex> Gloucester for high

treason.</q>

<qau>Miss Yonge.</qau>



<cs><col>Attached column</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column

engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference

projects from it.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin;

subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.</syn>



<hw>At*tach"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To adhere; to be attached.</def>



<q>The great interest which <qex>attaches</qex> to the mere

knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come into legal operation in connection with

anything; to vest; <as>as, dower will <ex>attach</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Cooley.</au>



<hw>At*tach"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An attachment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>At*tach"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or

precept.</def>



<hw>\'d8At`ta*ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

p. p. of <ets>attacher</ets>. See <er>Attach</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>One attached to another person or thing, as

a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an

embassy.</def>



<hw>At*tach"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>attachment</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act attaching,

or state of being attached; close adherence or affection;

fidelity; regard; an<?/ passion of affection that binds a person;

<as>as, an <ex>attachment</ex> to a friend, or to a

party</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That by which one thing is attached to another;

connection; <as>as, to cut the <ex>attachments</ex> of a

muscle</as>.</def>



<q>The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor

to rend the supernatural from its <qex>attachment</qex> to this

history.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Something attached; some adjunct attached to an

instrument, machine, or other object; <as>as, a sewing machine

<ex>attachment</ex> (<it>i. e.</it>, a device attached to a

sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking,

etc.).</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Giv. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A seizure or

taking into custody by virtue of a legal process.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The writ or percept commanding such seizure or

taking.</def>



<note><hand/ The term is applied to a seizure or taking either of

persons or property. In the serving of process in a civil suit,

it is most generally applied to the taking of property, whether

at common law, as a species of distress, to compel defendant's

appearance, or under local statutes, to satisfy the judgment the

plaintiff may recover in the action. The terms

<xex>attachment</xex> and <xex>arrest</xex> are both applied to

the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance

in a civil action. <xex>Attachments</xex> are issued at common

law and in chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In

England, <xex>attachment</xex> is employed in some cases where

<xex>capias</xex> is with us, as against a witness who fails to

appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of

<xex>attachment</xex> is a species of <xex>mesne process</xex>

upon which the property of a defendant may be seized at the

commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held

to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other

States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and

those who conceal themselves. See <er>Foreign</er>,

<er>Garnishment</er>, <er>Trustee process</er>.</note>



<au>Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attachment</er>, <er>Affection</er></syn>.

<usage>The leading idea of <xex>affection</xex> is that of warmth

and tenderness; the leading idea of <xex>attachment</xex> is that

of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There

is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in

<xex>affection</xex>, and more of principle in preserving

<xex>attachment</xex>. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the

fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use

and application of these words. The term <xex>attachment</xex> is

applied to a wider range of objects than <xex>affection</xex>. A

man may have a strong <xex>attachment</xex> to his country, to

his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places;

in respect to none of these could we use the word

<xex>affection</xex>.</usage>



<hw>At*tack"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attacked</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Attacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>attaquer</ets>,

orig. another form of <ets>attacher</ets> to attack: cf. It.

<ets>attacare</ets> to fasten, attack. See <er>Attach</er>,

<er>Tack</er> a small nail.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fall upon

with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault.</def>

\'bd<xex>Attack</xex> their lines.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to

begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into

disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; <as>as, to

<ex>attack</ex> a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem,

or some object of labor or investigation.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To begin to affect; to begin to act upon,

injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or

waste.</def>



<q>On the fourth of March he was <qex>attacked</qex> by

fever.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Hydrofluoric acid . . . <qex>attacks</qex> the glass.</q>

<qau>B. Stewart.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attack</er>, <er>Assail</er>,

<er>Assault</er>, <er>Invade</er>.</syn> <usage> These words all

denote a violent onset; <xex>attack</xex> being the generic term,

and the others specific forms of attack. To <xex>attack</xex> is

to commence the onset; to <xex>assail</xex> is to make a sudden

and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to

<xex>assault</xex> (literally, to leap upon) is to attack

physically by a had-to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting

violence; to <xex>invade</xex> is to enter by force on what

belongs to another. Thus, a person may <xex>attack</xex> by

offering violence of any kind; he may <xex>assail</xex> by means

of missile weapons; he may <xex>assault</xex> by direct personal

violence; a king may <xex>invade</xex> by marching an army into a

country. Figuratively, we may say, men <xex>attack</xex> with

argument or satire; they <xex>assail</xex> with abuse or

reproaches; they may be <xex>assaulted</xex> by severe

temptations; the rights of the people may be <xex>invaded</xex>

by the encroachments of the crown.</usage>



<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make an onset or

attack.</def>



<hw>At*tack"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>attaque</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of attacking,

or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; --

opposed to <xex>defense</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assault upon one's feelings or reputation

with unfriendly or bitter words.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A setting to work upon some task, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An access of disease; a fit of sickness.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or

destructive action, by a chemical agent.</def>



<hw>At*tack"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being attacked.</def>



<hw>At*tack"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

attacks.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>At"ta*gas</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>At"ta*gen</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>attagen</ets> a

kind of bird, Gr. <?/, <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

species of sand grouse <spn>(Syrrghaptes Pallasii)</spn> found in

Asia and rarely in southern Europe.</def>



<-- p. 98  -->



<hw>At"ta*ghan</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Yataghan</er>.</def>



<hw>At*tain"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Attaining</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Of. <ets>atteinen</ets>,

<ets>atteignen</ets>, <ets><?/tainen</ets>, OF.

<ets>ateindre</ets>, <ets>ataindre</ets>, F.

<ets>atteindre</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attingere</ets>; <ets>ad +

tangere</ets> to touch, reach. See <er>Tangent</er>, and cf.

<er>Attinge</er>, <er>Attaint</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to

compass; <as>as, to <ex>attain</ex> rest</as>.</def>



<q>Is he wise who hopes to <qex>attain</qex> the end without the

means?</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To gain or obtain possession of; to

acquire.</def> <mark>[Obs. with a material object.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not well <qex>attaining</qex> his meaning.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To reach or come to, by progression or motion;

to arrive at.</def> \'bdCanaan he now <xex>attains</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To overtake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To reach in excellence or degree; to

equal.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attain</er>, <er>Obtain</er>,

<er>Procure</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Attain</xex> always implies

<xex>an effort toward</xex> an object. Hence it is not synonymous

with <xex>obtain</xex> and <xex>procure</xex>, which do not

necessarily imply such effort or motion. We <xex>procure</xex> or

<xex>obtain</xex> a thing by <xex>purchase</xex> or

<xex>loan</xex>, and we <xex>obtain</xex> by inheritance, but we

do not <xex>attain</xex> it by such means.</usage>



<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To come or

arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a

place, object, state, etc.; to reach.</def>



<q>If by any means they might <qex>attain</qex> to Phenice.</q>

<qau>Acts xxvii. 12.</qau>



<q>Nor nearer might the dogs <qex>attain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>To see your trees <qex>attain</qex> to the dignity of

timber.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Few boroughs had as yet <qex>attained</qex> to power such as

this.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.</def>



<q>Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not

<qex>attain</qex> unto it.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxxxix. 6.</qau>



<hw>At*tain"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Attainment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At*tain`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being attainable; attainbleness.</def>



<hw>At*tain"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind

or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts

directed to the object.</def>



<q>The highest pitch of perfection <qex>attainable</qex> in this

life.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obtainable.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles

[clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not

<qex>attainable</qex> in the country.</q>

<qau>Marshall.</qau>



<hw>At*tain"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being attainable; attainability.</def>



<hw>At*tain"der</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ataindre</ets>, <ets>ateindre</ets>, to accuse, convict.

<ets>Attainder</ets> is often erroneously referred to F.

<ets>teindre</ets> tie stain. See <er>Attaint</er>,

<er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of attainting,

or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil

rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of

death or outlawry; <as>as, an act of

<ex>attainder</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<note><hand/ Formerly <xex>attainder</xex> was the inseparable

consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or

felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal

property of the condemned person, and such \'bdcorruption of

blood\'b8 that he could neither receive nor transmit by

inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim

any legal protection or rights. In England <xex>attainders</xex>

are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution

provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no

attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence)

shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the

life of the person attainted.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor

or condemnation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He lived from all <qex>attainder</qex> of suspect.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Bill of attainder</col>, <cd>a bill brought into, or

passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or

outlawry, and attainder, without judicial sentence.</cd></cs>



<hw>At*tain"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching;

hence, the act of obtaining by efforts.</def>



<q>The <qex>attainment</qex> of every desired object.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Jones.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is attained to, or obtained by

exertion; acquirement; acquisition; <plu>(pl.)</plu>, mental

acquirements; knowledge; <as>as, literary and scientific

<ex>attainments</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>At*taint"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attainted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attainting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>atteynten</ets> to convict, fr. <ets>atteynt</ets>, OF.

<ets>ateint</ets>, p. p. of <ets>ateindre</ets>,

<ets>ataindre</ets>. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced

by a supposed connection with <ets>taint</ets>. See

<er>Attain</er>, <er>Attainder</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

attain; to get act; to hit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To find guilty; to convict;

-- said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Upon sufficient proof <qex>attainted</qex> of some open act by

men of his own condition.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To subject (a person) to the

legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or

outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect

by attainder.</def>



<q>No person shall be <qex>attainted</qex> of high treason where

corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two

witnesses.</q>

<qau>Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accuse; to charge with a crime or a

dishonorable act.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To affect or infect, as with physical or mental

disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.</def>



<q>My tender youth was never yet <qex>attaint</qex>

With any passion of inflaming love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to

cloud with infamy.</def>



<q>For so exceeding shone his glistring ray,

That Ph<?/bus' golden face it did <qex>attaint</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Lest she with blame her honor should <qex>attaint</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>Attainted;

corrupted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*taint"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>attainte</ets>.

See <er>Attaint</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

touch or hit.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A blow or wound on the leg of

a horse, made by overreaching.</def>



<au>White.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ which lies after

judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in

any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so

tried.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A stain or taint; disgrace. See

<er>Taint</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An infecting influence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*taint"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Attainder; attainture; conviction.</def>



<hw>At*tain"ture</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Attainder;

disgrace.</def>



<hw>At"tal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Attle</er>.</def>



<hw>At*tame"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>atamer</ets>, from Latin. See <er>Attaminate</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pierce; to attack.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To broach; to begin.</def>



<q>And right anon his tale he hath <qex>attamed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>At*tam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attaminare</ets>; <ets>ad</ets> + root of

<ets>tangere</ets>. See <er>Contaminate</er>.]</ety> <def>To

corrupt; to defile; to contaminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>At"tar</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>'atar</ets> perfume, essence, Ar. <ets>'itr</ets>, fr.

<ets>'atara</ets> to smell sweet. Cf. <er>Otto</er>.]</ety>

<def>A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly

fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses.</def>

<altsp>[Also written <asp>otto</asp> and

<asp>ottar</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>At*task"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>task</ets>.]</ety> <def>To take to task; to

blame.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*taste</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>taste</ets>.]</ety> <def>To taste or cause

to taste.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At"te</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <def>At the.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At*tem"per</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attempered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Attempering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>atemprer</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>attemperare</ets>; <ets>ad + temperare</ets> to

soften, temper. See <er>Temper</er>, and cf.

<er>Attemperate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To reduce, modify,

or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as

temperature.</def>



<q>If sweet with bitter . . . were not <qex>attempered</qex>

still.</q>

<qau>Trench.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to

temper; <as>as, to <ex>attemper</ex> rigid justice with

clemency</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mix in just proportion; to regulate; <as>as,

a mind well <ex>attempered</ex> with kindness and

justice</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To accommodate; to make suitable; to

adapt.</def>



<q>Arts . . . <qex>attempered</qex> to the lyre.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word is now not much used, the verb

<xex>temper</xex> taking its place.</note>



<hw>At*tem"per*a*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>attemprement</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tempering, or mixing in

due proportion.</def>



<hw>At*tem"per*ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>atemprance</ets>.]</ety> <def>Temperance;

attemperament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attemperatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attemperare</ets>. See

<er>Attemper</er>.]</ety> <def>Tempered; proportioned; properly

adapted.</def>



<q>Hope must be . . . <qex>attemperate</qex> to the promise.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>At*tem"per*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

attemper.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>At*tem`per*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act of attempering or regulating.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>At*tem"per*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Temperately.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At*tem"per*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Attemperament.</def>



<hw>At*tempt"</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attempted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attempting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>atenter</ets>, also spelt <ets>atempter</ets>, F.

<ets>attenter</ets>, fr. L. <ets>attentare</ets> to attempt;

<ets>ad + tentare</ets>, <ets>temptare</ets>, to touch, try, v.

intens. of <ets>tendere</ets> to stretch. See <er>Tempt</er>, and

cf. <er>Attend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make trial or

experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some

action); to assay; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> to sing; to

<ex>attempt</ex> a bold flight.</as></def>



<q>Something <qex>attempted</qex>, something done,

Has earned a night's repose.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or

by temptations; to tempt.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>It made the laughter of an afternoon

That Vivien should <qex>attempt</qex> the blameless king.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To try to win, subdue, or overcome; <as>as, one

who <ex>attempts</ex> the virtue of a woman</as>.</def>



<q>Dear sir, of force I must <qex>attempt</qex> you further:



Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to

try to take by force; <as>as, to <ex>attempt</ex> the enemy's

camp</as>.</def>



<q>Without <qex>attempting</qex> his adversary's life.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Try</er>.</syn>



<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make an attempt; --

with <xex>upon</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>At*tempt"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A essay, trial, or

endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a

point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful,

effort.</def>



<q>By his blindness maimed for high <qex>attempts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Attempt to commit a crime</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently

result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was

designed to effect.</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attempt</er>, <er>Endeavor</er>,

<er>Effort</er>, <er>Exertion</er>, <er>Trial</er></syn>.

<usage>These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers

into action. <xex>Trial</xex> is the generic term; it denotes a

putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they

can accomplish; <as>as, to make <ex>trial</ex> of one's

strength</as>. An <xex>attempt</xex> is always directed to some

definite and specific object; <as>as, \'bdThe <ex>attempt</ex>,

and not the deed, confounds us</as>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. An

<xex>endeavor</xex> is a continued attempt; <as>as, \'bdHis high

<ex>endeavor</ex> and his glad success</as>.\'b8 <au>Cowper</au>.

<xex>Effort</xex> is a specific putting forth of strength in

order to carry out an attempt. <xex>Exertion</xex> is the putting

forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. \'bdIt admits

of all degrees of effort and even natural action without

effort.\'b8 <au>C. J. Smith</au>. See <er>Try</er>.</usage>



<hw>At*tempt"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being attempted, tried, or attacked.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*tempt"er</hw> <pr>(?; 215)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who attempts; one who essays anything.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An assailant; also, a temper.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At*tempt"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disposed

to attempt; adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Daniel.</au>



<hw>At*tend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>atenden</ets>, OF. <ets>atendre</ets>, F.

<ets>attendre</ets>, to expect, to wait, fr. L.

<ets>attendre</ets> to stretch, (sc. <ets>animum</ets>), to apply

the mind to; <ets>ad + tendere</ets> to stretch. See

<er>Tend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To direct the attention

to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not

<qex>attend</qex> the unskillful words of the passenger.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To care for; to look after; to take charge of;

to watch over.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or

servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or

follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to

serve.</def>



<q>The fifth had charge sick persons to <qex>attend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q><qex>Attends</qex> the emperor in his royal court.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to

<qex>attend</qex> William thither.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be present with; to accompany; to be united

or consequent to; <as>as, a measure <ex>attended</ex> with ill

effects</as>.</def>



<q>What cares must then <qex>attend</qex> the toiling swain.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be present at; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex>

church, school, a concert, a business meeting</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be

in store for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The state that <qex>attends</qex> all men after this.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Three days I promised to <qex>attend</qex> my doom.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Mind</er>, <er>Regard</er>,

<er>Heed</er>, <er>Notice</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Attend</xex>

is generic, the rest are specific terms. To <xex>mind</xex> is to

attend so that it may not be forgotten; to <xex>regard</xex> is

to look on a thing as of importance; to <xex>heed</xex> is to ~

to a thing from a principle of caution; to <xex>notice</xex> is

to think on that which strikes the senses. <au>Crabb</au>. See

<er>Accompany</er>.</usage>



<hw>At*tend"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to

perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to

listen; -- usually followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Attend</qex> to the voice of my supplications.</q>

<qau>Ps. lxxxvi. 6.</qau>



<q>Man can not at the same time <qex>attend</qex> to two

objects.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To accompany or be present or near at hand, in

pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in

waiting; -- often followed by <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<q>He was required to <qex>attend</qex> upon the committee.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>(with <xex>to</xex>) To take charge of; to look

after; <as>as, to <ex>attend</ex> to a matter of

business</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To wait; to stay; to delay.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For this perfection she must yet <qex>attend</qex>,

Till to her Maker she espoused be.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Davies.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Attend</er>, <er>Listen</er>,

<er>Hearken</er>.</syn> <usage> We <xex>attend</xex> with a view

to hear and learn; we <xex>listen</xex> with fixed attention, in

order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we

<xex>hearken</xex> when we listen with a willing mind, and in

reference to obeying.</usage>



<hw>At*tend"ance</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>attendance</ets>, OF. <ets>atendance</ets>, fr.

<ets>atendre</ets>, F. <ets>attendre</ets>. See <er>Attend</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Attention; regard;

careful application.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Till I come, give <qex>attendance</qex> to reading.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. iv. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of attending; state of being in waiting;

service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence.</def>



<q>Constant <qex>attendance</qex> at church three times a

day.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Waiting for; expectation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Languishing <qex>attendance</qex> and expectation of

death.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The persons attending; a retinue;

attendants.</def>



<q>If your stray <qex>attendance</qex> by yet lodged.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>At*tend"an*cy</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an

attendant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At*tend"ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>attendant</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attendre</ets>. See

<er>Attend</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being

present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.</def>



<q>From the <qex>attendant</qex> flotilla rang notes triumph.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Cherub and Seraph . . . <qex>attendant</qex> on their

Lord.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Accompanying, connected with, or immediately

following, as consequential; consequent; <as>as, intemperance

with all its <ex>attendant</ex> evils</as>.</def>



<q>The natural melancholy <qex>attendant</qex> upon his situation

added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Depending on, or owing duty or

service to; <as>as, the widow <ex>attendant</ex> to the

heir</as>.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<cs><col>Attendant keys</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the keys or

scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the

principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant,

its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative

minor or major.</cd></cs>



<hw>At*tend"ant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend,

companion, servant, agent, or suitor.</def> \'bdA train of

<xex>attendants</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who is present and takes part in the

proceedings; <as>as, an <ex>attendant</ex> at a

meeting</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which accompanies; a concomitant.</def>



<q>[A] sense of fame, the <qex>attendant</qex> of noble

spirits.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who owes duty or service

to, or depends on, another.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>At*tend"e*ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Intent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>At*tend"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, attends.</def>



<hw>At*tend"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>atendement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An attendant

circumstance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The uncomfortable <qex>attendments</qex> of hell.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>At*tent"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attentus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attendere</ets>. See

<er>Attend</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Attentive;

heedful.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Let thine ears be <qex>attent</qex> unto the prayer.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. vi. 40.</qau>



<hw>At*tent"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Attention; heed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>At*ten"tate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>At*ten"tat</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attentatum</ets>, pl. <ets>attentata</ets>, fr.

<ets>attentare</ets> to attempt: cf. F. <ets>attentat</ets>

criminal attempt. See <er>Attempt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An attempt; an assault.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A proceeding in a

court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a

suit by an inferior judge.</def>



<hw>At*ten"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attentio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attention</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or state of attending or heeding; the

application of the mind to any object of sense, representation,

or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest

consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed;

the supposed power or faculty of attending.</def>



<-- p. 99  -->



<q>They say the tongues of dying men

Enforce <qex>attention</qex> like deep harmony.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Attention</xex> is consciousness and something

more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of

limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness

concentrated.</note>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of civility or courtesy; care for the

comfort and pleasure of others; <as>as, <ex>attentions</ex> paid

to a stranger</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To pay attention to</col>, <col>To pay one's

attentions to</col></mcol>, <cd>to be courteous or attentive to;

to wait upon as a lover; to court.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Care; heed; study; consideration; application;

advertence; respect; regard.</syn>



<hw>At*ten"tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>attentif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Heedful; intent;

observant; regarding with care or attention.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Attentive</xex> is applied to the senses of

hearing and seeing, as, an <xex>attentive</xex> ear or eye; to

the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the

application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a

person is <xex>attentive</xex> to the words, and to the manner

and matter, of a speaker at the same time.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Heedful of the comfort of others;

courteous.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful;

circumspect; watchful.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>At*ten"tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>At*ten"tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>At*tent"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Attentively.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>At*ten"u*ant</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attenuans</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attenuare</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>att\'82nuant</ets>. See <er>Attenuate</er>.]</ety>

<def>Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and

viscid; diluent.</def>  -- <wordforms><pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A medicine that thins or dilutes the

fluids; a diluent.</def></wordforms>



<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attenuated</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attenuating</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p.

of <ets>attenuare</ets>; <ets>ad + tenuare</ets> to make thin,

<ets>tenuis</ets> thin. See <er>Thin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action

upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease,

etc., upon living bodies.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make thin or less consistent; to render less

viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the

humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to

make less complex; to weaken.</def>



<q>To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . .

. <qex>attenuate</qex> his processes, in the allotment of tasks,

to an extreme point.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<q>We may reject and reject till we <qex>attenuate</qex> history

into sapless meagerness.</q>

<qau>Sir F. Palgrave.</qau>



<hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become thin,

slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.</def>



<q>The attention <qex>attenuates</qex> as its sphere

contracts.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>At*ten"u*ate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<hw>At*ten"u*a`ted</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>attenuatus</ets>, p. p.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made thin or slender.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Made thin or less viscid; rarefied.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>At*ten`u*a"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attenuatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>att\'82nuation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of making slender, or the

state of being slender; emaciation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of attenuating; the act of making thin

or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The process of weakening in intensity;

diminution of virulence; <as>as, the <ex>attenuation</ex> of

virus</as>.</def>



<hw>At"ter</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>\'d6tter</ets>.]</ety> <def>Poison; venom; corrupt matter

from a sore.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>At"ter*cop</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>attercoppa</ets> a spider; <ets>\'d6tter</ets> poison +

<ets>coppa</ets> head, cup.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

spider.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A peevish, ill-natured person.</def>

<mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>



<hw>At*ter*rate</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>atterrare</ets> (cf. LL. <ets>atterrare</ets> to cast to

earth); L. <ets>ad + terra</ets> earth, land.]</ety> <def>To fill

up with alluvial earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>At`ter*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial

earth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At"test"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attested</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attesting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>attestari</ets>; <ets>ad + testari</ets> to bear witness:

cf. F. <ets>attester</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear

witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; <as>as,

to <ex>attest</ex> the truth of a writing, a copy of

record</as>.</def>



<q>Facts . . . <qex>attested</qex> by particular pagan

authors.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give proof of; to manifest; <as>as, the ruins

of Palmyra <ex>attest</ex> its ancient magnificence</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To call to witness; to invoke.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state

<qex>Attests</qex> in oaths, and fears to violate.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>At*test"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Witness; testimony;

attestation.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>attest</qex> of eyes and ears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>At`tes*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attestatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attestation</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or

official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact;

evidence. The truth appears from the <xex>attestation</xex> of

witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name

to a writing as a witness, is an <xex>attestation</xex>.</def>



<hw>At*test"a*tive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of the

nature of attestation.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>At*test"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <hw>At*test"or</hw>

<pr>(#)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who attests.</def>



<hw>At*test"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Attesting;

furnishing evidence.</def>



<hw>At"tic</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Atticus</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by

such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians;

classical; refined.</def>



<cs><col>Attic base</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar form

of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius,

applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and

\'bdRoman Doric\'b8 orders, and imitated by the architects of the

Renaissance.</cd> -- <col>Attic faith</col>, <cd>inviolable

faith.</cd> -- <col>Attic purity</col>, <cd>special purity of

language.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Attic salt</col>, <col>Attic

wit</col></mcol>, <cd>a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the

Athenians.</cd> -- <col>Attic story</col>. <cd>See

<er>Attic</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Attic style</col>,

<cd>a style pure and elegant.</cd></cs>



<hw>At"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In sense (<ets>a</ets>) from

F. <ets>attique</ets>, orig. meaning Attic. See <er>Attic</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in

the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century.

Hence:</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room or rooms behind that part

of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An Athenian; an Athenian author.</def>



<hw>At"tic*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Attic.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>At"ti*cism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A favoring of, or attachment to, the

Athenians.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The style and idiom of the Greek language, used

by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression.</def>



<hw>At"ti*cize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>To conform or make conformable to the language,

customs, etc., of Attica.</def>



<hw>At"ti*cize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To side

with the Athenians.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to

the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.</def>



<hw>At*tig"u*ous</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attiguus</ets>, fr. <ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See

<er>Attain</er>.]</ety> <def>Touching; bordering;

contiguous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



-- <wordforms><wf>At*tig"u*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At*tinge"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attingere</ets> to touch. See <er>Attain</er>.]</ety>

<def>To touch lightly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Coles.</au>



<hw>At*tire"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attired</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Attiring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>atiren</ets> to

array, dispose, arrange, OF. <ets>atirier</ets>; <ets>\'85</ets>

(L. <ets>ad</ets>) + F. <ets>tire</ets> rank, order, row; of Ger.

origin: cf. As. <ets>tier</ets> row, OHG. <ets>ziar\'c6</ets>, G.

<ets>zier</ets>, ornament, <ets>zieren</ets> to adorn. Cf.

<er>Tire</er> a headdress.]</ety> <def>To dress; to array; to

adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments.</def>



<q>Finely <qex>attired</qex> in a robe of white.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>With the linen miter shall he be <qex>attired</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lev. xvi. 4.</qau>



<hw>At*tire"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dress; clothes;

headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental

clothing.</def>



<q>Earth in her rich <qex>attire</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I 'll put myself in poor and mean <qex>attire</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her

<qex>attire</qex>?</q>

<qau>Jer. ii. 32.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or

buck.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The internal parts of a

flower, included within the calyx and the corolla.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>At*tired"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Provided with antlers, as a stag.</def>



<hw>At*tire"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Attire;

adornment.</def>



<hw>At*tir"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

attires.</def>



<hw>At"ti*tude</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>attitudine</ets>, LL. <ets>aptitudo</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>aptus</ets> suited, fitted: cf. F. <ets>attitude</ets>. Cf.

<er>Aptitude</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Paint. &

<xex>Sculp</xex>.)</fld> <def>The posture, action, or disposition

of a figure or a statue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The posture or position of a person or an

animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are

disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; <as>as,

a threatening <ex>attitude</ex>; an <ex>attitude</ex> of

entreaty.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or

mood; <as>as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm

<ex>attitude</ex>; one's mental <ex>attitude</ex> in respect to

religion.</as></def>



<q>The <qex>attitude</qex> of the country was rapidly

changing.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<cs><col>To strike an attitude</col>, <cd>to take an attitude for

mere effect.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Attitude</er>, <er>Posture</er>.</syn> <usage>

Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the

limbs. <xex>Posture</xex> relates to their position merely;

<xex>attitude</xex> refers to their fitness for some specific

object. The object of an <xex>attitude</xex> is to set forth

exhibit some internal feeling; <as>as, <ex>attitude</ex> of

wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc.</as>  It is, therefore,

essentially and designedly <xex>expressive</xex>. Its object is

the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent.

<xex>Posture</xex> has no such design. If we speak of

<xex>posture</xex> in prayer, or the <xex>posture</xex> of

devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs,

without any intention to show forth or exhibit.</usage>



<q>'T is business of a painter in his choice of

<qex>attitudes</qex> (<qex>positur\'91</qex>) to foresee the

effect and harmony of the lights and shadows.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Never to keep the body in the same <qex>posture</qex> half an

hour at a time.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nal</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to attitude.</def>



<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.</def>



<hw>At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>A practicing of attitudes; posture making.</def>



<hw>At`ti*tu"di*nize</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose.</def>



<q>Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to

<qex>attitudinize</qex> at the harp.</q>

<qau>Hannah More.</qau>



<hw>At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n</pos> <def>One

who practices attitudes.</def>



<hw>At"tle</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Addle</er> mire.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Rubbish or

refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no

ore.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>At*tol"lent</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attollens</ets>, p. pr. of <ets>attollere</ets>; <ets>ad +

tollere</ets> to lift.]</ety> <def>Lifting up; raising; <as>as,

an <ex>attollent</ex> muscle</as>.</def>



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>At*tonce"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>At</ets> + <ets>once</ets>.]</ety> <def>At once;

together.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>At*tone"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>See <er>At

one</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>At*torn"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>atorner</ets>, <ets>aturner</ets>, <ets>atourner</ets>, to

direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. <ets>atornen</ets> to

return, adorn); <ets>\'85</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>torner</ets> to turn; cf. LL. <ets>attornare</ets> to commit

business to another, to attorn; <ets>ad + tornare</ets> to turn,

L. <ets>tornare</ets> to turn in a lathe, to round off. See

<er>Turn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Feudal

Law)</fld> <def>To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one

lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or

tenants, upon the alienation of the estate.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Modern Law)</fld> <def>To agree to become

tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted.</def>



<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Attorneys</plw> <pr>(#)</pr><plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>aturneye</ets>, OF. <ets>atorn\'82</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>atorner</ets>: cf. LL. <ets>atturnatus</ets>,

<ets>attornatus</ets>, fr. <ets>attornare</ets>. See

<er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A substitute; a proxy;

an agent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And will have no <qex>attorney</qex> but myself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who is legally

appointed by another to transact any business for him; an

<xex>attorney in fact</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A legal

agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal

proceedings; an <xex>attorney at law</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ An attorney is either <xex>public</xex> or

<xex>private</xex>. A <xex>private attorney</xex>, or an

<xex>attorney in fact</xex>, is a person appointed by another, by

a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him

out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes

any agent employed in any business, or to do any act <xex>in

pais</xex>, for another. A <xex>public attorney</xex>, or

<xex>attorney at law</xex>, is a practitioner in a court of law,

legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court,

on the retainer of clients. <au>Bouvier</au>. -- The attorney at

law answers to the <xex>procurator</xex> of the civilians, to the

<xex>solicitor</xex> in chancery, and to the <xex>proctor</xex>

in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are

comprehended under the more general term <xex>lawyer</xex>. In

Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys

are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the

former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit.

In many states of the United States however, no such distinction

exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute

called <xex>solicitors</xex>.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>A power</col>, <col>letter</col>, or

<col>warrant</col>, <col>of attorney</col></mcol>, <cd>a written

authority from one person empowering another to transact business

for him.</cd></cs>



<hw>At*tor"ney</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*tor"ney-gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>(pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys-general)</plu>.

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The chief law officer of the state,

empowered to act in all litigation in which the law-executing

power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever

required.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>At*tor"ney*ism</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.</def>



<hw>At*tor"ney*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office or

profession of an attorney; agency for another.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>At*torn"ment</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>attornement</ets>, LL. <ets>attornamentum</ets>. See

<er>Attorn</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The act of a

feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the

alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and

transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a

tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his

landlord.</def>



<au>Burrill. Blackstone.</au>



<hw>At*tract"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Attracted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Attracting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>attractus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attrahere</ets>; <ets>ad +

trahere</ets> to draw. See <er>Trace</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw to, or cause to tend to;

esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to

resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition.</def>



<q>All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually <qex>attract</qex>

themselves and one another.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw by influence of a moral or emotional

kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite

or allure; <as>as, to <ex>attract</ex> admirers</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Attracted</qex> by thy beauty still to gaze.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.</syn>



<hw>At*tract"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Attraction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>At*tract`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or fact of being attractable.</def>



<au>Sir W. Jones.</au>



<hw>At*tract"a*ble</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being attracted; subject to attraction.</def>  --

<wordforms><wf>At*tract"a*ble*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>At*tract"er</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, attracts.</def>



<hw>At*tract"ile</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

power to attract.</def>



<hw>At*tract"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That attracts.</def> 

-- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>At*trac"tion</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attractio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attraction</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An invisible power in a

body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature

acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to

draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination,

and conversely resisting separation.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Attraction</xex> is exerted at both

<xex>sensible</xex> and <xex>insensible</xex> distances, and is

variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena.

Under attraction at <xex>sensible</xex> distances, there are, --



<subtypes>(1.) <col>Attraction of gravitation</col>, which acts

at all distances throughout the universe, with a force

proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies

and inversely to the square of their distances apart.



(2.) <mcol><col>Magnetic</col>, <col>diamagnetic</col>, and

<col>electrical attraction</col></mcol>, each of which is limited

in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property

dependent on the <xex>quality</xex> or <xex>condition</xex> of

matter, and not on its quantity.



Under attraction at <xex>insensible</xex> distances, there are,

--



(1.) <col>Adhesive attraction</col>, attraction between surfaces

of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance.



(2.) <col>Cohesive attraction</col>, attraction between ultimate

particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an

aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption

of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the

process of solidification or crystallization. The power in

adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion.



(3.) <col>Capillary attraction</col>, attraction causing a liquid

to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level

outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous

substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a

special case of cohesive attraction.



(4.) <col>Chemical attraction</col>, or <col>affinity</col>, that

peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms,

to unite to form molecules.</subtypes>

</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or property of attracting; the effect of

the power or operation of attraction.</def>



<au>Newton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The power or act of alluring, drawing to,

inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; <as>as, the

<ex>attraction</ex> of beauty or eloquence</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which attracts; an attractive object or

feature.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Allurement; enticement; charm.</syn>



<hw>At*tract"ive</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>attractif</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the power or

quality of attracting or drawing; <as>as, the <ex>attractive</ex>

force of bodies</as>.</def>



<au>Sir I. Newton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attracting or drawing by moral influence or

pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing.</def>

\'bd<xex>Attractive</xex> graces.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

\'bd<xex>Attractive</xex> eyes.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<q>Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most

<qex>attractive</qex> to flies.</q>

<qau>Lubbock.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>At*tract"ive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>At*tract"ive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>At*tract"ive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which attracts or

draws; an attraction; an allurement.</def>



<q>Speaks nothing but <qex>attractives</qex> and invitation.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<-- p. 100  -->



<-- p. 100  -->



<hw>At`trac*tiv"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or degree of attractive power.</def>



<hw>At*tract"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, attracts.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne</au>



<hw>At"tra*hent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attrahens</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>attrahere</ets>.

See <wf>Attract</wf>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Attracting;

drawing; attractive.</def>



<hw>At"tra*hent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

attracts, as a magnet.</def>



<q>The motion of the steel to its <qex>attrahent</qex></q>.

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A substance which, by

irritating the surface, excites action in the part to which it is

applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a sinapism.</def>



<hw>At*trap"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>attraper</ets> to catch; \'85 (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>trappe</ets> trap. See <wf>Trap</wf> (for taking

game).]</ety> <def>To entrap; to insnare.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grafton.</au>



<hw>At*trap"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad +

trap</ets> to adorn.]</ety> <def>To adorn with trapping; to

array.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Shall your horse be <qex>attrapped</qex> . . . more

richly?</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>At`trec*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attrectatio</ets>; <ets>ad + tractare</ets> to

handle.]</ety> <def>Frequent handling or touching.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>At*trib"u*ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.</def>



<q>Errors . . . <qex>attributable</qex> to carelessness.</q>

<qau>J. D. Hooker.</qau>



<hw>At*trib"ute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <wf>Attributed</wf>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <wf>Attributing</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>attributus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>attribuere</ets>;

<ets>ad</ets> + <ets>tribuere</ets> to bestow.  See

<wf>Tribute</wf>.]</ety> <def>To ascribe; to consider (something)

as due or appropriate (<xex>to</xex>); to refer, as an effect to

a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as belonging

(<xex>to</xex>).</def>



<q>We <qex>attribute</qex> nothing to God that hath any

repugnancy or contradiction in it.</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<q>The merit of service is seldom <qex>attributed</qex> to the

true and exact performer.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <wf>Ascribe</wf>.</syn>



<hw>At"tri*bute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attributum</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

attributed; a quality which is considered as belonging to, or

inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or necessary

property or characteristic.</def>



<q>But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . .

It is an <qex>attribute</qex> to God himself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reputation.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Paint. & Sculp.)</fld> <def>A conventional

symbol of office, character, or identity, added to any particular

figure; <as>as, a club is the <ex>attribute</ex> of

Hercules</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Quality, etc., denoted by an

attributive; an attributive adjunct or adjective.</def>



<hw>At`tri*bu"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attributio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attribution</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of attributing or ascribing, as a

quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect

to a cause.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is ascribed or attributed.</def>



<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>attributif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Attributing; pertaining to,

expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an

attribute.</def>



<hw>At*trib"u*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>, <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A

word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a

noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.</def>



<hw>At*trib"u*tive*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an

attributive manner.</def>



<hw>At*trite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attritus</ets>, <ets>p. p. of atterere</ets>; <ets>ad +

terere</ets> to rub. See <wf>Trite</wf>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Rubbed; worn by friction.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Repentant from fear of

punishment; having attrition of grief for sin; -- opposed to

<xex>contrite</xex>.</def>



<hw>At*tri"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>attritio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>attrition</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of rubbing together; friction; the act

of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together;

abrasion.</def>



<q>Effected by <qex>attrition</qex> of the inward stomach.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being worn.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>Grief for sin arising only

from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See

<wf>Contrition</wf>.</def>



<au>Wallis.</au>



<hw>At"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<wf>Atter</wf>.]</ety> <def>Poisonous; malignant;

malicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>At*tune"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <wf>Attuned</wf>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<wf>Attuning</wf>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>ad-</ets> +

<ets>tune</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to

adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; <as>as, to

<ex>attune</ex> the voice to a harp</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To arrange fitly; to make accordant.</def>



<q>Wake to energy each social aim,

<qex>Attuned</qex> spontaneous to the will of Jove.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<hw>A*twain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>atwaine</ets>, <ets>atwinne</ets>; pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>twain</ets>.]</ety> <def>In twain; asunder.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark> \'bdCuts <xex>atwain</xex> the

knots.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>A*tween"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. or prep</pos>.

<ety>[See <wf>Atwain</wf>, and cf. <wf>Between</wf>.]</ety>

<def>Between.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser. Tennyson.</au>



<hw>A*twirl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>twist</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twisted; distorted;

awry.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>A*twite"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>attwyten</ets>, AS. <ets>\'91tw\'c6tan</ets>. See

<er>Twit</er>.]</ety> <def>To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to

upbraid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*twixt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Betwixt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser</au>.



<hw>A*two"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>two</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two; in twain;

asunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*typ"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>A*typ"ic*al</hw>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> not +

<ets>typic</ets>, <ets>typical</ets>.]</ety> <def>That has no

type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the

type.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au`bade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>aube</ets> the dawn, fr. L. <ets>albus</ets> white.]</ety>

<def>An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an

evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of

morning.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<q>The crowing cock . . .

Sang his <qex>aubade</qex> with lusty voice and clear.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Au`baine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>aubain</ets> an alien, fr. L. <ets>alibi</ets>

elsewhere.]</ety> <def>Succession to the goods of a stranger not

naturalized.</def>



<au>Littr\'82.</au>



<cs><col>Droit d'aubaine</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <cd>the right,

formerly possessed by the king of France, to all the personal

property of which an alien died possessed. It was abolished in

1819.</cd></cs>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Aube</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ale</er>.]</ety> <def>An alb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au`berge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>An inn.</def>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; --

commonly called a <altname>Canterbury gallop</altname>.</def>



<hw>Au"burn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>auburne</ets> blonde, OF. <ets>alborne</ets>,

<ets>auborne</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>alburnus</ets> whitish, fr. L.

<ets>albus</ets> white. Cf. <er>Alburn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Flaxen-colored.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Florio.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reddish brown.</def>



<q>His <qex>auburn</qex> locks on either shoulder flowed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Au*che"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ the neck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The part of the neck nearest the back.</def>



<hw>Auc"ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auctarium</ets>.]</ety> <def>That which is superadded;

augmentation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Auc"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auctio</ets> an increasing, a public sale, where the price

was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the

last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L.

<ets>augere</ets>, <ets>auctum</ets>, to increase. See

<er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A public sale of

property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and

authorized for the purpose; a vendue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The things sold by auction or put up to

auction.</def>



<q>Ask you why Phryne the whole <qex>auction</qex> buys ?</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the United States, the more prevalent expression

has been \'bdsales <xex>at</xex> auction,\'b8 that is, by an

<xex>increase</xex> of bids (Lat. <xex>auctione</xex>). This

latter form is preferable.</note>



<cs><col>Dutch auction</col>, <cd>the public offer of property at

a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till

some one accepts it as purchaser.</cd></cs>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Auc"tion</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sell by

auction.</def>



<hw>Auc"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auctionarius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an

auction or an auctioneer.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q> With <qex>auctionary</qex> hammer in thy hand.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of

goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best

bidder.</def>



<hw>Auc`tion*eer"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sell by auction;

to auction.</def>



<q>Estates . . . advertised and <qex>auctioneered</qex> away.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Au`cu*pa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aucupatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auceps</ets>, contr. for

<ets>aviceps</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>capere</ets> to

take.]</ety> <def>Birdcatching; fowling.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Au*da"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>audacieux</ets>, as if fr. LL. <ets>audaciosus</ets> (not

found), fr. L. <ets>audacia</ets> audacity, fr. <ets>audax</ets>,

<ets>-acis</ets>, bold, fr. <ets>audere</ets> to dare.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Daring; spirited; adventurous.</def>



<q>As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides

<qex>Audacious</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or

decorum; bold in wickedness; presumptuous; impudent;

insolent.</def> \'bd Audacious traitor.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>  \'bd

Such <xex>audacious</xex> neighborhood.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Committed with, or proceedings from, daring

effrontery or contempt of law, morality, or decorum.</def>

\'bd<xex>Audacious</xex> cruelty.\'b8 \'bd<xex>Audacious</xex>

prate.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Au*da"cious*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an audacious

manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.</def>



<hw>Au*da"cious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being audacious; impudence; audacity.</def>



<hw>Au*dac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence;

venturesomeness.</def>



<q>The freedom and <qex>audacity</qex> necessary in the commerce

of men.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; --

implying a contempt of law or moral restraints.</def>



<q>With the most arrogant <qex>audacity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Joye.</qau>



<hw>Au`di*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible

capacity.</def>



<hw>Au"di*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>audibilis</ets>, fr. L. <ets>audire</ets>,

<ets>auditum</ets>, to hear: cf. Gr. <?/ ear, L.

<ets>auris</ets>, and E. <ets>ear</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of

being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; <as>as, an

<ex>audible</ex> voice or whisper</as>.</def>



<hw>Au"di*ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which may be

heard.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than

<qex>audibles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Au"di*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

audible.</def>



<hw>Au"di*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to be heard.</def>



<hw>Au"di*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>audience</ets>, L. <ets>audientia</ets>, fr.

<ets>audire</ets> to hear. See <wf>Audible</wf>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of hearing;

attention to sounds.</def>



<q>Thou, therefore, give due <qex>audience</qex>, and attend.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview,

esp. with a sovereign or the head of a government, for conference

or the transaction of business.</def>



<q>According to the fair play of the world,

Let me have <qex>audience</qex>: I am sent to speak.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also

applied by authors to their readers.</def>



<q>Fit <qex>audience</qex> find, though few.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He drew his <qex>audience</qex> upward to the sky.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Court of audience</col>, or <col>Audience

court</col></mcol> <fld>(Eng.)</fld>, <cd>a court long since

disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one

belonging to the Archbishop of York.</cd> <au>Mozley & W.</au> --

<mcol><col>In general</col> (or <col>open</col>)

<col>audience</col></mcol>, <cd>publicly.</cd> -- <col>To give

audience</col>, <cd>to listen; to admit to an

interview.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"di*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>audiens</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>audire</ets>. See

<wf>Audible</wf>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Listening; paying

attention; <as>as, <ex>audient</ex> souls</as>.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Au"di*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hearer; especially a

catechumen in the early church.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shelton.</au>



<hw>Au`di*om"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>audire</ets> to hear + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Acous.)</fld> <def>An instrument by which the power of

hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.</def>



<hw>Au"di*phone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>audire</ets> to hear + Gr. <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>An

instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the

auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less

distinctly; a dentiphone.</def>



<hw>Au"dit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auditus</ets> a hearing, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See

<wf>Audible</wf>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

audience; a hearing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He appeals to a high <qex>audit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An examination in general; a judicial

examination.</def>



<note>Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts,

with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or

persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with

the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The result of such an examination, or an account

as adjusted by auditors; final account.</def>



<q>Yet I can make my <qex>audit</qex> up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A general receptacle or receiver.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It [a little brook] paid to its common <qex>audit</qex> no

more than the revenues of a little cloud.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><col>Audit ale</col>, <cd>a kind of ale, brewed at the

English universities, orig. for the day of audit.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Audit house</col>, <col>Audit room</col></mcol>,

<cd>an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its

business.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"dit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Audited</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Auditing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To examine

and adjust, as an account or accounts; <as>as, to <ex>audit</ex>

the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit

depending in court</as>.</def>



<hw>Au"dit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To settle or adjust an

account.</def>



<q>Let Hocus <qex>audit</qex>; he knows how the money was

disbursed.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Au*di"ta que*re"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L., the

complaint having been heard.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ

which lies for a party against whom judgment is recovered, but to

whom good matter of discharge has subsequently accrued which

could not have been availed of to prevent such judgment.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Au*di"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auditio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of hearing or listening;

hearing.</def>



<q><qex>Audition</qex> may be active or passive; hence the

difference between listening and simple hearing.</q>

<qau>Dunglison.</qau>



<hw>Au"di*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>auditif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing;

auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Au"di*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auditor</ets>, fr. <ets>audire</ets>. See <wf>Audible</wf>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hearer or listener.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person appointed and authorized to audit or

examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the

vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject

charges, and state the balance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who hears judicially, as in an audience

court.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States government, and in the State

governments, there are <xex>auditors</xex> of the treasury and of

the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed

to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies,

societies, and partnerships.</note>



<hw>Au`di*to"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au`di*to"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. See

<wf>Auditory</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The part of a

church, theater, or other public building, assigned to the

audience.</def>



<note><hand/ In ancient churches the <xex>auditorium</xex> was

the nave, where hearers stood to be instructed; in monasteries it

was an apartment for the reception of strangers.</note>



<hw>Au"di*tor*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or function of auditor.</def>



<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auditorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to hearing,

or to the sense or organs of hearing; <as>as, the

<ex>auditory</ex> nerve</as>. See <wf>Ear</wf>.</def>



<cs><col>Auditory canal</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tube

from the <xex>auditory meatus<xex> or opening of the ear to the

tympanic membrane.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"di*to*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auditorium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An assembly of

hearers; an audience.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An auditorium.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Au"di*tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

hearer.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Au*dit"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Auditory.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Auf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>auph</ets>, <ets>aulf</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>\'belfr</ets>

elf. See <er>Elf</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also spelt <asp>oaf</asp>,

<asp>ouphe</asp>.]</altsp> <def>A changeling or elf child, --

that is, one left by fairies; a deformed or foolish child; a

simpleton; an oaf.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au` fait"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. Lit., to the deed,

act, or point. <ets>Fait</ets> is fr. L. <ets>factum</ets>. See

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <def>Expert; skillful; well

instructed.</def>



<hw>Au*ge"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to Augeus, king

of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been

cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt.</def>



<cs><col>Augean stable</col> (Fig.), <cd>an accumulation of

corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to

remedy.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>augoure</ets>, <ets>nauger</ets>, AS. <ets>nafeg\'ber</ets>,

fr. <ets>nafu</ets>, <ets>nafa</ets>, nave of a wheel +

<ets>g\'ber</ets> spear, and therefore meaning properly and

originally a nave-bore. See <wf>Nave</wf> (of a wheel) and 2d

<wf>Gore</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a

gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned

with both hands. A <xex>pod auger</xex> is one with a straight

channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A <xex>screw

auger</xex> has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which

the chips are discharge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument for boring or perforating soils or

rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the

rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining

water.</def>



<cs><col>Auger bit</col>, <cd>a bit with a cutting edge or blade

like that of an anger.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Au*get"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., dim.

of <ets>auge</ets> trough, fr. L. <ets>alveus</ets> hollow, fr.

<ets>alvus</ets> belly.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A priming

tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery, or place

where the slow match is applied.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Aucht</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets><?/ht</ets>, fr.

<ets>\'began</ets> to own, p. p. <ets>\'behte</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Property; possession.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Aught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aught</ets>, <ets>ought</ets>, <ets>awiht</ets>, AS.

<ets>\'bewiht</ets>, <ets>\'be</ets> ever + <ets>wiht</ets>.

\'fb136.  See <er>Aye</er> ever, and <er>Whit</er>,

<er>Wight</er>.]</ety> <def>Anything; any part.</def> 

<altsp>[Also written <asp>ought</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>There failed not <qex>aught</qex> of any good thing which the

Lord has spoken.</q>

<qau>Josh. xxi. 45</qau>



<q>But go, my son, and see if <qex>aught</qex> be wanting.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<-- p. 101  -->



<hw>Aught</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>At all; in any

degree.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Au"gite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>augites</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ brightness: cf. F.

<ets>augite</ets>.]</ety> <def>A variety of pyroxene, usually of

a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as

basalt; -- also used instead of the general term

<xex>pyroxene</xex>.</def>



<hw>Au*git"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal

constituent; <as>as, <ex>augitic</ex> rocks</as>.</def>



<hw>Aug*ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Augmented</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Augmenting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>augmentare</ets>, fr. <ets>augmentum</ets> an increase, fr.

<ets>augere</ets> to increase; perh. akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, E.

<ets>wax</ets>, v., and <ets>eke</ets>, v.: cf. F.

<ets>augmenter</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enlarge or

increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger;

<as>as, to <ex>augment</ex> an army by re\'89forcements; rain

<ex>augments</ex> a stream; impatience <ex>augments</ex> an

evil.</as></def>



<q>But their spite still serves

His glory to <qex>augment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>To add an augment to.</def>



<hw>Aug*ment"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To increase; to grow

larger, stronger, or more intense; <as>as, a stream

<ex>augments</ex> by rain</as>.</def>



<hw>Aug"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>augmentum</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augment</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Enlargement by addition; increase.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A vowel prefixed, or a

lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek

and Sanskrit verbs.</def>



<note><hand/ In Greek, the <xex>syllabic augment</xex> is a

prefixed <?/, forming an intial syllable; the <xex>temporal

augment</xex> is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial

vowel, as by changing <?/ to <?/.</note>



<hw>Aug*ment"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of augmentation.</def>



<au>Walsh.</au>



<hw>Aug`men*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>augmentatio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>augmentation</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or process of augmenting, or making

larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being augmented; enlargement.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing added by way of enlargement.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A additional charge to a coat

of arms, given as a mark of honor.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The stage of a disease in

which the symptoms go on increasing.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>In counterpoint and fugue, a

repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original

length.</def>



<cs><col>Augmentation court</col> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a

court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to <xex>augment<xex> to

revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was

long ago dissolved.</cd>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>

</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession;

addition.</syn>



<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>augmentatif</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the quality or power

of augmenting; expressing augmentation.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Aug*ment"a*tive*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Aug*ment"a*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A

word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the

properties of the term from which it is derived; <as>as,

<ex>dullard</ex>, one very dull</as>. Opposed to

<xex>diminutive</xex>.</def>



<au>Gibbs.</au>



<hw>Aug*ment"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, augments or increases anything.</def>



<hw>Au"grim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<wf>Algorism</wf>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Augrim stones</col>, <cd>pebbles formerly used in

numeration.</cd> -- <col>Noumbres of Augrim</col>, <cd>Arabic

numerals.</cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Au"gur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. Of uncertain

origin: the first part of the word is perh. fr. L.

<ets>avis</ets> bird, and the last syllable, <ets>gur</ets>,

equiv. to the Skr. <ets>gar</ets> to call, akin to L.

<ets>garrulus</ets> garrulous.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Rom.

Antiq.)</fld> <def>An official diviner who foretold events by the

singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or

omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of

quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer;

a diviner; a prophet.</def>



<q><qex>Augur</qex> of ill, whose tongue was never found

Without a priestly curse or boding sound.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Augured</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Auguring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to

foreshow.</def>



<q>My <qex>auguring</qex> mind assures the same success.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a

favorable or an unfavorable issue; <as>as, to <ex>augur</ex> well

or ill</as>.</def>



<hw>Au"gur</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To predict or foretell, as

from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer.</def>



<q>It seems to <qex>augur</qex> genius.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>I <qex>augur</qex> everything from the approbation the

proposal has met with.</q>

<qau>J. F. W. Herschel.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage;

prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.</syn>



<hw>Au"gu*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auguralis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to augurs or

to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; <as>as, an

<ex>augural</ex> staff; <ex>augural</ex> books.</as></def>

\'bdPortents <xex>augural</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auguratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>augurari</ets> to

augur.]</ety> <def>To make or take auguries; to augur; to

predict.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>C. Middleton.</au>



<hw>Au"gu*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office

of an augur.</def>



<au>Merivale.</au>



<hw>Au`gu*ra"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auguratio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The practice of augury.</def>



<hw>Au"gur*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Au*gu"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>augurialis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Relating to augurs or to

augury.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Au"gu*rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

augur.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>An"gur*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

augur.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Au"gu*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

augury; foreboding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAugurous

hearts.\'b8



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Au"gur*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office,

or period of office, of an augur.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Au"gu*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Auguries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>aucurium</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art or practice

of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.;

divination.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication

of the future; presage.</def>



<q>From their flight strange <qex>auguries</qex> she drew.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little

<qex>augury</qex> of his future greatness.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rite, ceremony, or observation of an

augur.</def>



<hw>Au*gust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>augustus</ets>; cf. <ets>augere</ets> to increase; in the

language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F.

<ets>auguste</ets>. See <er>Augment</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a

quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an

aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having

exalted birth, character, state, or authority.</def>  \'bdForms

<xex>august</xex>.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>. \'bd<xex>August</xex> in

visage.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. \'bdTo shed that <xex>august</xex>

blood.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.



<q>So beautiful and so <qex>august</qex> a spectacle.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>To mingle with a body so <qex>august</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble;

stately; dignified; imposing.</syn>



<hw>Au"gust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Augustus</ets>. See note below, and <wf>August</wf>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The eighth month of the year,

containing thirty-one days.</def>



<note><hand/ The old Roman name was <xex>Sextilis</xex>, the

<xex>sixth</xex> month from March, the month in which the

primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was

changed to <xex>August</xex> in honor of Augustus C\'91sar, the

first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his

entering on his first consulate in that month.</note>



<hw>Au*gus"tan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Augustanus</ets>, fr. <ets>Augustus</ets>. See

<wf>August</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or

pertaining to Augustus C\'91sar or to his times.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg.</def>



<cs><col>Augustan age</col> <cd>of any national literature, the

period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so

called because the reign of Augustus C\'91sar was the golden age

of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has

been called the <xex>Augustan age<xex> of French literature, and

that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the <xex>Augustan age<xex> of

English literature.</cd> -- <col>Augustan confession</col>

<fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>or confession of Augsburg, drawn up

at <xex>Augusta Vindelicorum<xex>, or Augsburg, by Luther and

Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants,

and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic

church.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au*gus"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A member of one of the religious orders

called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.</def>



<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d.

430), or to his doctrines.</def>



<cs><col>Augustinian canons</col>, <cd>an order of monks once

popular in England and Ireland; -- called also <altname>regular

canons of St. Austin</altname>, and <altname>black

canons</altname>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Augustinian hermits</col> or

<col>Austin friars</col></mcol>, <cd>an order of friars

established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into

the United States from Ireland in 1790.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian

nuns</col>, <cd>an order of nuns following the rule of St.

Augustine.</cd> -- <col>Augustinian rule</col>, <cd>a rule for

religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St.

Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.</cd></cs>

<-- sic original was "Regular canons of St. Austin".??  Not St.

Augustine?  -->



<hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a class of

divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its

nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and

conditionally.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au*gus"tin*ism</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.</def>



<hw>Au*gust"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an august

manner.</def>



<hw>Au*gust"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.</def>



<hw>Auk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>alk</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>alke</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>alka</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given

to various species of arctic sea birds of the family

<spn>Alcid\'91</spn>. The great auk, now extinct, is <spn>Alca

(<or/ Plautus) impennis</spn>. The razor-billed auk is <spn>A.

torda</spn>.  See <er>Puffin</er>, <er>Guillemot</er>, and

<er>Murre</er>.</def>



<hw>Auk"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Awkward</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aula</ets> hall. Cf. LL. <ets>aularis</ets> of a

court.]</ety> <def>Relating to a hall.</def>



<hw>Au*la"ri*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>At Oxford, England, a

member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.</def>



<au>Chalmers.</au>



<hw>Auld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Old</er>.]</ety> <def>Old; <as>as, <ex>Auld</ex> Reekie (old

smoky), <it>i. e.</it>, Edinburgh</as>.</def> <mark>[Scot. &

Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Auld` lang syne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A Scottish phrase

used in recalling recollections of times <xex>long since</xex>

past.</def> \'bdThe days of <xex>auld lang syne</xex>.\'b8



<hw>Au*let"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auleticus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flute.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Ash.</au>



<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>aulicus</ets>, Gr.

<?/, fr. <?/ hall, court, royal court.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to

a royal court.</def>



<q>Ecclesiastical wealth and <qex>aulic</qex> dignities.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<cs><col>Aulic council</col> <fld>(Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a supreme

court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the

emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed

by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was

dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the

war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of

different provincial chanceries of that empire are called

<xex>aulic councilors<xex>.</cd>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Au"lic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The ceremony observed in

conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European

universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed

to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at

the disputation (also called the <xex>aulic</xex>).</def>



<hw>Auln</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ell.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Aune</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aul"nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Aul"na*ger</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Alnage</er> and

<er>Alnager</er>.</def>



<hw>Aum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Aam</er>.</def>



<hw>Au*mail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. for

<ets>amel</ets>, <ets>enamel</ets>.]</ety> <def>To figure or

variegate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Aum"bry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Ambry</er>.</def>



<hw>Au"me*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A form of

<er>Ambry</er>, a closet; but confused with <er>Almonry</er>, as

if a place for <xex>alms</xex>.</def>



<hw>Aun"cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rude balance

for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in

England.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Aun"cet*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Ancestry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Aune</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Alnage</er>.]</ety> <def>A French cloth measure, of different

parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now

superseded by the <xex>meter</xex>.</def>



<hw>Aunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>ante</ets>, F. <ets>tante</ets>, L. <ets>amita</ets>

father's sister. Cf. <er>Amma</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to

<xex>nephew</xex> or <xex>niece</xex>. Also applied to an uncle's

wife.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Aunt</xex> is sometimes applied as a title or

term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus

related.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old woman; and old gossip.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bawd, or a prostitute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Aunt Sally</col>, <cd>a puppet head placed on a pole and

having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying

to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aunt"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Adventure;

hap.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>In aunters</col>, <cd>perchance.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aun"ter</hw>, <hw>Aun"tre</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Adventure</er>.]</ety> <def>To

venture; to dare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aunt"ie</hw>, <hw>Aunt"y</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern

United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.</def>



<hw>Aun"trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Adventurous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aur\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>aura</ets>

air, akin to Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any subtile,

invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance,

as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed

fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The peculiar sensation, as of

a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs

towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or

hysterics.</def>



<cs><col>Electric ~</col>, <cd>a supposed electric fluid,

emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass

surrounding it, called the <xex>electric atmosphere<xex>. See

<er>Atmosphere</er>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aura</ets> air.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the air, or

to an aura.</def>



<hw>Au"ral</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>auris</ets>

ear.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the ear; <as>as,

<ex>aural</ex> medicine and surgery</as>.</def>



<hw>Au*ran`ti*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, the <xex>Aurantiace\'91</xex>,

an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the

orange is the type.</def>



<hw>Au"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auratus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>aurare</ets> to gild, fr.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F. <ets>aurate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combination of auric acid with a base;

<as>as, <ex>aurate</ex> or potassium</as>.</def>



<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aurate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Resembling or containing

gold; gold-colored; gilded.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Combined with auric

acid.</def>



<hw>Au"ra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having ears.

See <er>Aurited</er>.</def>



<hw>Au"re*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aureatus</ets>, fr. <ets>aureus</ets> golden, fr.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <def>Golden; gilded.</def>



<au>Skelton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au*re"li*a</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold: cf. F.

<ets>aur\'82lie</ets>. Cf. <er>Chrysalis</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The chrysalis, or pupa of

an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that

of some of the butterflies.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A genus of

jellyfishes. See <er>Discophora</er>.</def>



<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the aurelia.</def>



<hw>Au*re"li*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An amateur collector and

breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a

lepidopterist.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Au*re"o*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Au"re*ole</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aur\'82ole</ets>, fr. L. <ets>aureola</ets>, (fem adj.) of

gold (sc. <ets>corona</ets> crown), dim. of <ets>aureus</ets>.

See <er>Aureate</er>, <er>Oriole</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(R. C. Theol.)</fld> <def>A celestial crown or accidental

glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as

virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world,

the flesh, and the devil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which

painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ,

saints, and others held in special reverence.</def>



<note><hand/ Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a

<xex>nimbus</xex>; when it envelops the whole body, an

<xex>aureola</xex>.</note>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A halo, actual or figurative.</def>



<q>The glorious <qex>aureole</qex> of light seen around the sun

during total eclipses.</q>

<qau>Proctor.</qau>



<q>The <qex>aureole</qex> of young womanhood.</q>

<qau>O. W. Holmes.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Areola</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Au"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived

from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this

element has its higher valence; <as>as, <ex>auric</ex> oxide;

<ex>auric</ex> chloride.</as></def>



<hw>Au`ri*chal"ce*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurichalcum</ets>, for <ets>orichalcum</ets> brass.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Brass-colored.</def>



<hw>Au`ri*chal"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Aurichalceous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous

carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue

crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on

reduction.</def>



<hw>Au"ri*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auricula</ets>, dim. of <ets>auris</ets> ear. See

<er>Ear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent

from the head.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The chamber, or one of the

two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and

transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its

resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds.

See <er>Heart</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An angular or ear-shaped

lobe.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in

hearing; a kind of ear trumpet.</def>



<au>Mansfield.</au>



<hw>Au"ri*cled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; <as>as,

<ex>auricled</ex> leaves</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au*ric"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Auricul\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, E. <plw>Auriculas</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>auricula</ets>. See

<er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> (a) <def>A

species of <spn>Primula</spn>, or primrose, called also, from the

shape of its leaves, <xex>bear's-ear</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Hirneola</spn> <spn>(H.

auricula)</spn>, a membranaceous fungus, called also

<spn>auricula Jud\'91</spn>, or <xex>Jew's-ear</xex>.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A genus of

air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water

is brackish</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of the five arched

processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.</def>



<-- p. 102  -->



<hw>Au*ric"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>auricularis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auriculaire</ets>. See

<er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the

ear, or to the sense of hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex>

nerves</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Told in the ear, <it>i. e.</it>, told privately;

<as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> confession to the priest</as>.</def>



<q>This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and

the strangest . . . that ever was <qex>auricular</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of

hearing; <as>as, <ex>auricular</ex> evidence</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Auricular</xex> assurance.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Received by the ear; known by report.</def>

\'bd<xex>Auricular</xex> traditions.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the auricles of

the heart.</def>



<cs><col>Auricular finger</col>, <cd>the little finger; so called

because it can be readily introduced into the ear

passage.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Au*ric`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Neut. pl., fr. LL. <ets>auricularis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of holothurian larva, with

soft, blunt appendages. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>Au*ric"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an auricular

manner.</def>



<hw>Au*ric"u*lars</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A circle of feathers surrounding the

opening of the ear of birds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au*ric"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au*ric"u*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Auricle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having

ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped

like the ear; auricled. <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> Having

an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve

shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Auriculate leaf</col>, <cd>one having small appended

leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au*rif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurifer</ets>; <ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear: cf. F. <ets>aurif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Gold-bearing;

containing or producing gold.</def>



<q>Whence many a bursting stream <qex>auriferous</qex> plays.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<cs><col>\'f7 pyrites</col>, <cd>iron pyrites (iron disulphide),

containing some gold disseminated through it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"ri*flamme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Oriflamme</er>.</def>



<hw>Au"ri*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

form of the human ear; ear-shaped.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au*ri"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

charioteer.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The Charioteer, or

Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated

between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star

Capella.</def>



<hw>Au*ri"gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurigalis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

chariot.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au`ri*ga"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurigatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aurigare</ets> to be a charioteer,

fr. <ets>auriga</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of driving a chariot

or a carriage.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Au*rig"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art

of writing with or in gold.</def>



<hw>Au"rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A red

coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in commerce,

<xex>yellow coralin</xex>.</def>



<hw>Au`ri*phryg"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>auriphrigiatus</ets>; L. <ets>aurum</ets> gold + LL.

<ets>phrygiare</ets> to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with

embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf.

<er>Orfrays</er>.]</ety> <def>Embroidered or decorated with

gold.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Au`ri*pig"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Orpiment</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Au"ri*scalp</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auris</ets> ear + <ets>scalpere</ets> to scrape.]</ety>

<def>An earpick.</def>



<hw>Au"ri*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auris</ets> + <ets>-scope</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.</def>



<hw>Au*ris"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.</def>



<hw>Au"rist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety> <def>One skilled in treating and

curing disorders of the ear.</def>



<hw>Au"ri*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auritus</ets>, fr. <ets>auris</ets> ear.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having lobes like the ear;

auriculate.</def>



<hw>Au*riv"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aurum</ets> gold + <ets>vorare</ets> to devour.]</ety>

<def>Gold-devouring.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>H. Walpole.</au>



<hw>Au`ro*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having a gold-colored head.</def>



<hw>Au`ro*chlo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The trichloride of gold combination with

the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; --

called also <altname>chloraurate</altname>.</def>



<hw>Au"rochs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>auerochs</ets>, OHG. <ets><?/rohso</ets>; <ets><?/r</ets>

(cf. AS. <ets><?/r</ets>) + <ets>ohso</ets> ox, G.

<ets>ochs</ets>. Cf. <er>Owre</er>, <er>Ox</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bison <spn>(Bison

bonasus, or Europ\'91us)</spn>, once widely distributed, but now

nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests,

and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of

C\'91sar, with which it has often been confused.</def>



<hw>Au`ro*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aurum</ets> + <ets>cyanide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double cyanide of gold and some other

metal or radical; -- called also

<altname>cyanaurate</altname>.</def>



<hw>Au*ro"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Auroras</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, L. (rarely used)

<plw>Auror\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>aurora</ets>, for <ets>ausosa</ets>, akin to Gr. <?/, <?/,

dawn, Skr. <ets>ushas</ets>, and E. <ets>east</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The rising light of the morning; the dawn of

day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The rise, dawn, or beginning.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Class. Myth.)</fld> <def>The Roman

personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning.

The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a

chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of crowfoot.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The aurora borealis or aurora australis

(northern or southern lights).</def>



<cs><col>Aurora borealis</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <it>i. e.</it>,

northern daybreak; popularly called <xex>northern lights</xex>.

<cd>A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and

supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light

usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a

dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon;

when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called

the <xex>corona</xex>, about a spot in the heavens toward which

the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an

arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it

assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then

called <xex>merry dancers</xex>. They assume a variety of colors,

from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color.</cd> The

<col>Aurora australis</col></mcol> (<?/) <cd>is a corresponding

phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light

ascending in the same manner from near the southern

horizon.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au*ro"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to,

or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the northern lights);

rosy.</def>



<q>Her cheeks suffused with an <qex>auroral</qex> blush.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Au"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Containing gold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or derived

from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this

element has its lower valence; <as>as, <ex>aurous</ex>

oxide</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au"rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>Gold.</def>



<cs><col>Aurum fulminans</col> (<?/). <cd>See

<er>Fulminate</er>.</cd> -- <col>Aurum mosaicum</col> (<?/).

<cd>See <er>Mosaic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aus*cult"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To

auscultate.</def>



<hw>Aus"cul*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To

practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.</def>



<hw>Aus`cul*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ausculcatio</ets>, fr. <ets>auscultare</ets> to listen, fr.

a dim. of <ets>auris</ets>, orig. <ets>ausis</ets>, ear. See

<er>Auricle</er>, and cf. <er>Scout</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of listening or hearkening to.</def>



<au>Hickes.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An examination by listening

either directly with the ear (immediate auscultation) applied to

parts of the body, as the abdomen; or with the stethoscope

(mediate ~), in order to distinguish sounds recognized as a sign

of health or of disease.</def>



<hw>Aus"cul*ta`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices auscultation.</def>



<hw>Aus*cul"ta*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to auscultation.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Au*so"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Ausonia</ets>, poetic name for <ets>Italy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Italian.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auspicatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>auspicari</ets> to take

auspices, fr. <ets>auspex</ets> a bird seer, an augur, a contr.

of <ets>avispex</ets>; <ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>specere</ets>,

<ets>spicere</ets>, to view. See <er>Aviary</er>,

<er>Spy</er>.]</ety> <def>Auspicious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Aus"pi*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To foreshow; to foretoken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to

inaugurate; -- a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking

the <xex>auspicium</xex>, or inspection of birds, before

undertaking any important business.</def>



<q>They <qex>auspicate</qex> all their proceedings.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Aus"pice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Auspices</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>auspicium</ets>, fr. <ets>auspex</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>auspice</ets>. See <er>Auspicate</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A divining or taking of omens by observing

birds; an omen as to an undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury;

an omen or sign in general; an indication as to the future.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Protection; patronage and care; guidance.</def>



<q>Which by his <qex>auspice</qex> they will nobler make.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this sense the word is generally plural,

<xex>auspices</xex>; as, under the <xex>auspices</xex> of the

king.</note>



<hw>Aus*pi"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to auspices; auspicious.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Aus*pi"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Auspice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having omens or tokens

of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or

happiness; predicting good; <as>as, an <ex>auspicious</ex>

beginning</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Auspicious</qex> union of order and freedom.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Prosperous; fortunate; <as>as,

<ex>auspicious</ex> years</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Auspicious</xex>

chief.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to

persons or things.</def>  \'bdThy <xex>auspicious</xex>

mistress.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>Auspicious</xex> gales.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Propitious</er>.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Aus*pi"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Aus*pi"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Aus"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auster</ets> a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]</ety>

<def>The south wind.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Aus*tere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <ety>[F. <ets>aust\'8are</ets>,

L. <ets>austerus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to parch, dry. Cf.

<er>Sear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sour and astringent; rough

to the state; having acerbity; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> crab

apple; <ex>austere</ex> wine.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severe in modes of judging, or living, or

acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; <as>as, an <ex>austere</ex> man,

look, life</as>.</def>



<q>From whom the <qex>austere</qex> Etrurian virtue rose.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous;

strict.</syn>



<hw>Aus*tere"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Severely; rigidly;

sternly.</def>



<q>A doctrine <qex>austerely</qex> logical.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Aus*tere"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Harshness

or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severity; strictness; austerity.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Aus*ter"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Austplwies</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>aust\'82rit\'82</ets>, L. <ets>austerias</ets>, fr.

<ets>austerus</ets>. See <er>Austere</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Sourness and harshness to the taste.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Horsley.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or

strictness; harsh discipline.</def>



<q>The <qex>austerity</qex> of John the Baptist.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe

simplicity.</def>



<q>Partly owing to the studied <qex>austerity</qex> of her dress,

and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Aus"tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Augustinian;

<as>as, <ex>Austin</ex> friars</as>.</def>



<hw>Aus"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>australis</ets>, fr. <ets>auster</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>austral</ets>.]</ety> <def>Southern; lying or being in the

south; <as>as, <ex>austral</ex> land; <ex>austral</ex>

ocean.</as></def>



<cs><col>Austral signs</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>, <cd>the last

six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aus`tral*a"sian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Australasia; <as>as, <ex>Australasian</ex>

regions</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native or an

inhabitant of Australasia.</def></def2>



<hw>Aus*tra"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From L.

Terra <ets>Australis</ets> southern land.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Australia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

native or an inhabitant of Australia.</def></def2>



<hw>Aus"tral*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Austral</er>.]</ety> <def>To tend toward the south pole, as a

magnet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and

<qex>australize</qex> at another.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Aus"tri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A native or an inhabitant of

Austria.</def></def2>



<hw>Aus"trine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>austrinus</ets>, from <ets>auster</ets> south.]</ety>

<def>Southern; southerly; austral.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and

Hungary.</def>



<hw>Aus"tro*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auster</ets> south wind + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of

the winds.</def>



<hw>Au"tar*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

independence; <?/ self + <?/ to be sufficient.]</ety>

<def>Self-sufficiency.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Au*then"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>autentik</ets>, OF. <ets>autentique</ets>, F.

<ets>authentique</ets>, L. <ets>authenticus</ets> coming from the

real author, of original or firsthand authority, from Gr. <?/,

fr. <?/ suicide, a perpetrator or real author of any act, an

absolute master; <?/ self + a form <?/ (not found), akin to L.

<ets>sons</ets> and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of <ets><?/</ets>

to be, root <ets>as</ets>, and meaning <ets>the one it really

is</ets>. See <er>Am</er>, <er>Sin</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Effendi</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a genuine

original or authority, in opposition to that which is false,

fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to

be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; <as>as, an

<ex>authentic</ex> paper or register</as>.</def>



<q>To be avenged

On him who had stole Jove's <qex>authentic</qex> fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Authoritative.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of approved authority; true; trustworthy;

credible; <as>as, an <ex>authentic</ex> writer; an

<ex>authentic</ex> portrait; <ex>authentic</ex>

information.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Vested with all due

formalities, and legally attested.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Having as immediate relation

to the tonic, in distinction from <xex>plagal</xex>, which has a

correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the

tonic.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Authentic</er>, <er>Genuine</er>.</syn> <usage>

These words, as here compared, have reference to historical

documents. We call a document <xex>genuine</xex> when it can be

traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it

professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, \'bdnot

changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:\'b8 as, a

<xex>genuine</xex> text. We call a document <xex>authentic</xex>

when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be

relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of

\'bdhaving an author, vouched for\'b8); hence its extended

signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting

on unquestionable authority or evidence; <as>as, an

<ex>authentic</ex> history; an <ex>authentic</ex> report of

facts.</as></usage>



<q>A <qex>genuine</qex> book is that which was written by the

person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An

<qex>authentic</qex> book is that which relates matters of fact

as they really happened. A book may be <qex>genuine</qex> without

being, <qex>authentic</qex>, and a book may be

<qex>authentic</qex> without being <qex>genuine</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Watson.</qau>



<note>It may be said, however, that some writers use

<xex>authentic</xex> (as, an <xex>authentic</xex> document) in

the sense of \'bdproduced by its professed author, not

counterfeit.\'b8</note>



<hw>Au*then"tic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An original (book or

document).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Authentics</xex>

and transcripts.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Au*then"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Authentic.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Au*then"tic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an authentic

manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.</def>



<hw>Au*then*tic*al*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<hw>Au*then"ti*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Authenticated</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Authenticating</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. LL.

<ets>authenticare</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render

authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or

formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to

credit.</def>



<q>The king serves only as a notary to <qex>authenticate</qex>

the choice of judges.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove authentic; to determine as real and

true; <as>as, to <ex>authenticate</ex> a portrait</as>.</def>



<au>Walpole.</au>



<hw>Au`then*tic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>authenticit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth

and correctness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not

corrupted from the original.</def>



<note><hand/ In later writers, especially those on the evidences

of Christianity, <xex>authenticity</xex> is often restricted in

its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished

from <xex>qenuineness</xex>.</note>



<hw>Au*then"tic*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Authentically.</def>



<hw>Au*then"tic*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being authentic; authenticity.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Au*then"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Ciwil

Law)</fld> <def>A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions

of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of

its <xex>authencity</xex>.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Au"thor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>authour</ets>, <ets>autour</ets>, OF. <ets>autor</ets>, F.

<ets>auteur</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctor</ets>, sometimes, but

erroneously, written <ets>autor</ets> or <ets>author</ets>, fr.

<ets>augere</ets> to increase, to produce. See <er>Auction</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The beginner, former, or

first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a

creator; an originator.</def>



<-- p. 103  -->



<q>Eternal King; thee, <qex>Author</qex> of all being.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who composes or writers a book; a composer,

as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.</def>



<q>The chief glory every people arises from its

<qex>authors</qex>.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The editor of a periodical.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An informant.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Au"thor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To occasion; to originate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Such an overthrow . . . I have <qex>authored</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tell; to say; to declare.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>More of him I dare not <qex>author</qex>.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<hw>Au"thor*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female author.</def>



<au>Glover.</au>



<note><hand/ The word is not very much used, <xex>author</xex>

being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a

male.</note>



<hw>Au*tho"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to an author.</def> \'bdThe <xex>authorial</xex>

<?/we.'\'b8



<au>Hare.</au>



<hw>Au"thor*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Authoriship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au*thor"i*ta*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having, or proceeding from, due authority;

entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate;

commanding.</def>



<q>The sacred functions of <qex>authoritative</qex> teaching.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having an air of authority; positive;

dictatorial; peremptory; <as>as, an <ex>authoritative</ex>

tone</as>.</def>



<q>The mock <qex>authoritative</qex> manner of the one, and the

insipid mirth of the other.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly</wf>, <pos>adv</pos> --

<wf>Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Au*thor"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Authorities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>autorite</ets>, <ets>auctorite</ets>, F.

<ets>autorit\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>auctoritas</ets>, fr.

<ets>auctor</ets>. See <er>Author</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Legal or rightful power; a right to command or

to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or

trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; <as>as, the

<ex>authority</ex> of a prince over subjects, and of parents over

children; the <ex>authority</ex> of a court.</as></def>



<q>Thus can the demigod, <qex>Authority</qex>,

Make us pay down for our offense.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>By what <qex>authority</qex> doest thou these things ?</q>

<qau>Matt. xxi. 23.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Government; the persons or the body exercising

power or command; <as>as, the local <ex>authorities</ex> of the

States; the military <ex>authorities</ex>.</as></def>

<mark>[Chiefly in the plural.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>The power derived from opinion, respect, or

esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or

moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed;

<as>as, an historian of no <ex>authority</ex>; a magistrate of

great <ex>authority</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn>  <def>That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed

to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc.</def> Hence:

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>Testimony; witness.</def> \'bdAnd on that high

<xex>authority</xex> had believed.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A precedent; a decision of a court, an official

declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be

taken as a precedent.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A book containing

such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>Justification; warrant.</def>



<q>Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern

<qex>Authority</qex> for sin, warrant for blame.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Au"thor*i`za*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>authorisabilis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Capable of being

authorized.</def>



<au>Hammond.</au>



<hw>Au`thor*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>autorisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of giving

authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or

warrant.</def>



<q>The <qex>authorization</qex> of laws.</q>

<qau>Motley.</qau>



<q>A special <qex>authorization</qex> from the chief.</q>

<qau>Merivale.</qau>



<hw>Au"thor*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Authorized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Authorizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>autorize</ets>,

F. <ets>autoriser</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>auctorizare</ets>,

<ets>authorisare</ets>. See <er>Author</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a

right to act; to empower; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex>

commissioners to settle a boundary</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to

legalize; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a marriage</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To establish by authority, as by usage or public

opinion; to sanction; <as>as, idioms <ex>authorized</ex> by

usage</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To sanction or confirm by the authority of some

one; to warrant; <as>as, to <ex>authorize</ex> a

report</as>.</def>



<q>A woman's story at a winter's fire,

<qex>Authorized</qex> by her grandam.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To justify; to furnish a ground for.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>To ~ one's self</hw><def>, to rely for authority.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Authorizing himself</qex>, for the most part, upon other

histories.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Au"thor*ized</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Possessed of or endowed with authority; <as>as, an

<ex>authorized</ex> agent</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sanctioned by authority.</def>



<cs><col>The Authorized Version</col> <cd>of the Bible is the

English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction

of King James I. It was \'bdappointed to be read in churches,\'b8

and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was

published in a complete form in 1855.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au"thor*i`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

authorizes.</def>



<hw>Au"thor*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without an author;

without authority; anonymous.</def>



<hw>Au"thor*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Authorial.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Au"thor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality

or state of being an author; function or dignity of an

author.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Source; origin; origination; <as>as, the

<ex>authorship</ex> of a book or review, or of an act, or state

of affairs</as>.</def>



<hw>Au"tho*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A type or

block containing a facsimile of an autograph.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Au"to-</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <?/ self.]</ety> <def>A

combining form, with the meaning of <xex>self</xex>, <xex>one's

self</xex>, <xex>one's own</xex>, <xex>itself</xex>, <xex>its

own</xex>.</def>



<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>biographer</ets>.]</ety> <def>One

who writers his own life or biography.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography;

<as>as, an <ex>autobiographical</ex> sketch</as>.</def> \'bdSuch

traits of the <xex>autobiographic</xex> sort.\'b8

<au>Carlyle</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>One who writes his own life; an autobiographer.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Autobiographies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets>

+ <ets>biography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A biography written by the

subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*car"pi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no

other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a

grape.</def>



<hw>Au`to*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ independent; <?/ self + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>Having its own head; independent of episcopal

or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.</def>



<hw>Au`to*chron"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>chronograph</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing of

time.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Au*toch"thon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Authochthons</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, L.

<plw>Autochthones</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/, pl. <?/, from the land itself; <?/ self + <?/ earth,

land.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who is supposed to rise or

spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the

original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; -- commonly in the

plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks,

particularly the Athenians.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is original to a particular country,

or which had there its origin.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au*toch"tho*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`thoch*thon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Au*toch"tho*nous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Aboriginal; indigenous;

native.</def>



<hw>Au*toch"tho*nism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being autochthonal.</def>



<hw>Au*toch"tho*ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aboriginal or

autochthonous condition.</def>



<hw>Au"to*clave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

Gr. <?/ self + L. <ets>clavis</ets> key.]</ety> <def>A kind of

French stewpan with a steamtight lid.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Au*toc"ra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Autocracies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>autocratie</ets>. See <er>Autocrat</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling

authority; supremacy.</def>



<q>The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or

inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute

<qex>autocracy</qex>.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or

right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Political independence or absolute sovereignty

(of a state); autonomy.</def>



<au>Barlow.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The action of the vital

principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation

of the individual; also, the vital principle.</def>  <altsp>[In

this sense, written also <asp>autocrasy</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Au"to*crat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ self + <?/ strength, <?/ strong: cf. F. <ets>autocrate</ets>.

See Hard, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An absolute

sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of

government by claim of absolute right, not subject to

restriction; <as>as, <ex>Autocrat</ex> of all the Russias (a

title of the Czar)</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who rules with undisputed sway in any

company or relation; a despot.</def>



<q>The <qex>autocrat</qex> of the breakfast table.</q>

<qau>Holmes.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*crat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute;

holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Au*toc"ra*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>An autocrat.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Pearson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au*toc"ra*trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <def>A female sovereign who is independent and

absolute; -- a title given to the empresses of Russia.</def>



<hw>Au"to*crat*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

office or dignity of an autocrat.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au"to-da-f\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl. <plw>Autos-da-f\'82</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Pg., act

of the faith; <ets>auto</ets> act, fr. L. <ets>actus</ets> +

<ets>da</ets> of the + <ets>f\'82</ets> faith, fr. L.

<ets>fides</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A judgment of the

Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting

persons accused of religious offenses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An execution of such sentence, by the civil

power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on

Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms

and ceremonies.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A session of the court of Inquisition.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au"to-de-fe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Autos-de-fe</plw></plu>. <ety>[Sp., act of faith.]</ety>

Same as <er>Auto-da-f\'82</er>.</def>



<hw>Au"to*di*dact`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

self-taught.]</ety> <def>One who is self-taught; an

automath.</def>



<hw>Au`to*dy*nam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>dynamic</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the

nature of a water-ram.</def>



<hw>Au`to*fec`un*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>fecundation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-impregnation.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Au*tog"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Characterized by autogamy;

self-fertilized.</def>



<hw>Au*tog"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ marriage.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen

being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted

upon.</def>



<hw>Au`to*ge"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Self-produced; autogenous.</def>



<hw>\'d8Au`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Spontaneous generation.</def>



<hw>Au`to*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to autogenesis;

self-generated.</def>



<hw>Au*tog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ self + root of <?/ to be born.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Self-generated; produced

independently.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Developed from an independent

center of ossification.</def>



<au>Owen.</au>



<cs><col>Autogenous soldering</col>, <cd>the junction by fusion

of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of

solder.</cd></cs>



<hw>Au*tog"e*nous*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

an autogenous manner; spontaneously.</def>



<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>autographe</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ autographic; <?/ self + <?/ to

write.]</ety> <def>That which is written with one's own hand; an

original manuscript; a person's own signature or

handwriting.</def>



<hw>Au"to*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In one's

own handwriting; <as>as, an <ex>autograph</ex> letter; an

<ex>autograph</ex> will.</as></def>



<hw>Au*tog"ra*phal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Autographic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own

handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or used in, the process of

autography; <as>as, <ex>autographic</ex> ink, paper, or

press</as>.</def>



<hw>Au*tog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>autographie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science of

autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A process in lithography by which a writing or

drawing is transferred from paper to stone.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Au*tol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ worship.]</ety>

<def>Self-worship.</def>



<au>Farrar.</au>



<hw>Au"to*math</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ self + <?/, <?/, to learn.]</ety> <def>One who is

self-taught.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Young.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>automatique</ets>. See

<er>Automaton</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having an inherent

power of action or motion.</def>



<q>Nothing can be said to be <qex>automatic</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Davy.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of

the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under

fixed conditions; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in

which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by

the machine or device itself; <as>as, the <ex>automatic</ex> feed

of a lathe; <ex>automatic</ex> gas lighting; an

<ex>automatic</ex> engine or switch; an <ex>automatic</ex>

mouse.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not voluntary; not depending on the will;

mechanical; <as>as, <ex>automatic</ex> movements or

functions</as>.</def>



<q>Unconscious or <qex>automatic</qex> reasoning.</q>

<qau>H. Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>Automatic arts</col>, <cd>such economic arts or

manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery.</cd></cs>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an automatic

manner.</def>



<hw>Au*tom"a*tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being automatic; the power of self-moving;

automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action.

<fld>(Metaph.)</fld> A theory as to the activity of matter.</def>



<hw>Au*tom"a*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. L.

<plw>Automata</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, E. <plw>Automatons</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. fr. Gr. <?/, neut. of <?/

self-moving; <?/ self + a root <ets>ma</ets>, <ets>man</ets>, to

strive, think, cf. <?/ to strive. See <er>Mean</er>, <ets>v.

i.</ets>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any thing or being regarded as

having the power of spontaneous motion or action.</def>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<q>So great and admirable an <qex>automaton</qex> as the

world.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<q>These living <qex>automata</qex>, human bodies.</q>

<qau>Boyle.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A self-moving machine, or one which has its

motive power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which

appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings,

such as men, birds, etc.</def>



<hw>Au*tom"a*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>automatus</ets>, Gr. <?/. See <er>Automaton</er>.]</ety>

<def>Automatic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Automatous</xex> organs.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Au`to*mor"phic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ for, shape.]</ety>

<def>Patterned after one's self.</def>



<q>The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more

or less after the pattern of his own mind, -- is

<qex>automorphic</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Au`to*mor"phism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Automorphic characterization.</def>



<au>H. Spenser.</au>



<hw>Au`to*nom"a*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a name, fr. <?/ a name; or for

E. <ets>antonomasia</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>The use

of a word of common or general signification for the name of a

particular thing; <as>as, \'bdHe has gone to <ex>town</ex>,\'b8

for, \'bdHe has gone to <ex>London</ex>.\'b8</as></def>



<hw>Au`to*nom"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

power of self-government; autonomous.</def>



<au>Hickok.</au>



<hw>Au"to"o*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>automiste</ets>. See <er>Autonomy</er>.]</ety> <def>One who

advocates autonomy.</def>



<hw>Au*ton"o*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ self + <?/ to assign, hold, sway.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Independent in government; having the right or power of

self-government.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having independent existence

or laws.</def>



<hw>Au*ton"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/:

cf. F. <ets>autonomie</ets>. See <er>Autonomous</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The power or right of self-government;

self-government, or political independence, of a city or a

state.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metaph.)</fld> <def>The sovereignty of reason

in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason,

to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the

true nature and only possible proof of liberty.</def>



<au>Fleming.</au>



<hw>\'d8Au*toph"a*gi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ self + <?/ to eat.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Birds which are able to run about and

obtain their own food as soon as hatched.</def>



<hw>Au*toph"o*by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ fear.]</ety> <def>Fear of one's

self; fear of being egotistical.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hare.</au>



<hw>Au*toph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ a sound.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An auscultatory process, which consists in

noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks,

holding his head close to the patient's chest.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Au`to*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to autoplasty.</def>



<hw>Au"to*plas`ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-plasty</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>The process of artificially repairing

lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a

neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or

wounds.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au*top"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Au*top"sic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to autopsy;

autoptical.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Au*top"so*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ the itch.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>That which is given under the doctrine of

administering a patient's own virus.</def>



<hw>Au"top*sy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/, fr.

<?/ seen by one's self; <?/ self + <?/ seen: cf. F.

<ets>autopsie</ets>. See <er>Optic</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Personal observation or examination; seeing with

one's own eyes; ocular view.</def>



<q>By <qex>autopsy</qex> and experiment.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Dissection of a dead body, for

the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a

disease; a post-mortem examination.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au*top"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Au*top"tic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/: cf. F.

<ets>autoptique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Seen with one's own eyes;

belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; <as>as,

<ex>autoptic</ex> testimony or experience</as>.</def>



<-- p. 104  -->



<hw>Au*top"tic*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By

means of ocular view, or one's own observation.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ to do hastily.

See</pos> <er>Schediasm</er>.]</ety> <def>Extemporary;

offhand.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dean Martin.</au>



<hw>Au`to*styl"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + Gr. <?/ pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having the mandibular arch articulated

directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.</def>



<hw>Au"to*the`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + theism.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

doctrine of God's self-existence.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deification of one's self; self-worship.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au"to*the`ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One given to

self-worship.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Au"to*type</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>-type</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>autotype</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A facsimile.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A photographic picture produced in sensitized

pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and

subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in

ink from a gelatin plate.</def>



<hw>Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Auto-</ets> + <ets>typography</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

process resembling \'bdnature printing,\'b8 by which drawings

executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from

which the printing is done as from copperplate.</def>



<hw>Au*tot"y*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

process of making autotypes.</def>



<hw>Au"tumn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auctumnus</ets>, <ets>autumnus</ets>, perh. fr. a root

<ets>av</ets> to satisfy one's self: cf. F. <ets>automne</ets>.

See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The third season of

the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called

\'bdthe fall.\'b8 Astronomically, it begins in the northern

temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and

ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular

language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and

November.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, according to Johnson, <xex>autumn</xex>

popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the

southern hemisphere, the <xex>autumn</xex> corresponds to our

spring.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The harvest or fruits of autumn.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The time of maturity or decline; latter portion;

third stage.</def>



<q>Dr. Preston was now entering into the <qex>autumn</qex> of the

duke's favor.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>Life's <qex>autumn</qex> past, I stand on winter's verge.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Au*tum"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auctumnalis</ets>, <ets>autumnalis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>automnal</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, belonging to, or

peculiar to, autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex> tint; produced

or gathered in autumn; <as>as, <ex>autumnal</ex> fruits;

flowering in autumn; <as>as, an <ex>autumnal</ex>

plant</as>.</def>



<q>Thick as <qex>autumnal</qex> leaves that strow the brooks

In Vallombrosa.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Past the middle of life; in the third

stage.</def>



<q>An <qex>autumnal</qex> matron.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<cs><col>Autumnal equinox</col>, <cd>the time when the sun

crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes

the ~ point.</cd> -- <col>\'f7 point</col>, <cd>the point of the

equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds

southward; the first point of Libra.</cd> -- <col>\'f7

signs</col>, <cd>the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius,

through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter

solstice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aux`a*nom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to cause to increase + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument to measure the growth of plants.</def>



<au>Goodale.</au>



<hw>\'d8Aux*e"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., Gr.

<?/ increase, fr. <?/, <?/, to increase.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A figure by which a grave and magnificent

word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.</def>



<hw>Aux*et"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis;

amplifying.</def>



<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auxiliaris</ets>: cf. F. <ets>auxiliaire</ets>. See

<er>Auxiliary</er>.]</ety> <def>Auxiliary.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The <qex>auxiliar</qex> troops and Trojan hosts appear.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Aux*il"iar</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An auxiliary.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Aux*il"iar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By way of

help.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw> <pr>(?; 106)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>auxiliarius</ets>, fr. <ets>auxilium</ets> help, aid, fr.

<ets>augere</ets> to increase.]</ety> <def>Conferring aid or

help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as

<xex>auxiliary</xex> troops.</def>



<cs><col>Auxiliary scales</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>the scales

of relative or attendant keys. See under <er>Attendant</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Auxiliary verbs</col>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Auxiliary</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aux*il"ia*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Auxiliaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or

enterprise.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Foreign

troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in

<pos>sing.</pos>), a member of the allied or subsidiary

force.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>A verb which helps to form

the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an

<xex>auxiliary verb</xex>; <as>as, <ex>have</ex>, <ex>be</ex>,

<ex>may</ex>, <ex>can</ex>, <ex>do</ex>, <ex>must</ex>,

<ex>shall</ex>, and <ex>will</ex>, in English; <ex>\'88tre</ex>

and <ex>avoir</ex>, in French; <ex>avere</ex> and

<ex>essere</ex>, in Italian; <ex>estar</ex> and <ex>haber</ex>,

in Spanish.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A quantity introduced for the

purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in

equations or trigonometrical formul\'91.</def>



<au>Math. Dict.</au>



<hw>Aux*il"ia*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Auxiliary; helping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A"va</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Kava</er>.</def>



<au>Johnston.</au>



<hw>Av`a*da*vat"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Amadavat</er>.</def>



<hw>A*vail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Availed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Availing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>availen</ets>, fr. F. <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>valoir</ets> to be worth, fr. L. <ets>valere</ets> to be

strong, to be worth. See <er>Valiant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit;

to benefit; to help; <as>as, artifices will not <ex>avail</ex>

the sinner in the day of judgment</as>.</def>



<q>O, what <qex>avails</qex> me now that honor high !</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To promote; to assist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<cs><col>To avail one's self of</col>, <cd>to make use of; take

advantage of.</cd></cs>



<q>Then shall they seek to <qex>avail themselves</qex> of

names.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>I have <qex>availed myself</qex> of the very first

opportunity.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be of use or

advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or

efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; <as>as, the plea in

bar must <ex>avail</ex>, that is, be sufficient to defeat the

suit; this scheme will not <ex>avail</ex>; medicines will not

<ex>avail</ex> to check the disease.</as></def> \'bdWhat signs

<xex>avail</xex> ?\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Words <qex>avail</qex> very little with me, young man.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>A*vail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; <as>as,

labor, without economy, is of little <ex>avail</ex></as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>avail</qex> of a deathbed repentance.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Proceeds; <as>as, the

<ex>avails</ex> of a sale by auction</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>avails</qex> of their own industry.</q>

<qau>Stoddard.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.</syn>



<hw>A*vail"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>See <er>Avale</er>,

<pos>v.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*vail`a*bil"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Availabilities</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality of being available; availableness.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is sometimes used derogatively in the sense

of \'bdmere availableness,\'b8 or capability of success without

regard to worthiness.</note>



<q>He was . . . nominated for his <qex>availability</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lowell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is available.</def>



<hw>A*vail"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object;

effectual; valid; <as>as, an <ex>available</ex> plea</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Laws human are <qex>available</qex> by consent.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of

being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable;

profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; <as>as, an

<ex>available</ex> measure; an <ex>available</ex>

candidate.</as></def>



<q>Struggling to redeem, as he did, the <qex>available</qex>

months and days out of so many that were unavailable.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<q>Having no <qex>available</qex> funds with which to pay the

calls on new shares.</q>

<qau>H. Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*vail"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Competent power; validity; efficacy; <as>as, the

<ex>availableness</ex> of a title</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Quality of being available; capability of being

used for the purpose intended.</def>



<au>Sir M. Hale.</au>



<hw>A*vai"a*bly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an available

manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.</def>



<hw>A*vail"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Profit;

advantage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Av"a*lanche`</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avalanche</ets>, fr. <ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let

down, from <ets>aval</ets> down, downward; <?/ (L. <ets>ad</ets>)

+ <ets>val</ets>, L. <ets>vallis</ets>, valley. See

<er>Valley</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large mass or body of

snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling

down a precipice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of

an avalanche of snow or ice.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or

influx of anything.</def>



<hw>A*vale"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avaler</ets> to descend, to let down. See

<er>Avalanche</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to descend;

to lower; to let fall; to doff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring low; to abase.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(v. i.)</fld> <def>To descend; to fall; to

dismount.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And from their sweaty courses did <qex>avale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*vant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>avant-guard</ets>. Cf. <er>Avaunt</er>, <er>Van</er>.]</ety>

<def>The front of an army. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Van</er>.</def>



<hw>A*vant"-cou`ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>avant</ets> before + <ets>courrier</ets>. See

<er>Avaunt</er>, and <er>Courier</er>.]</ety> <def>A person

dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of

his or their approach.</def>



<hw>A*vant"-guard`</hw> <pr>(?; <root/277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>avant</ets> before + E. <ets>guard</ets>, F.

<ets>avant-garde</ets>. See <er>Avaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>The van

or advanced body of an army. See <er>Vanguard</er>.</def>



<hw>Av"a*rice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avaritia</ets>, fr. <ets>avarus</ets> avaricious, prob. fr.

<ets>av<?/re</ets> to covert, fr. a root <ets>av</ets> to satiate

one's self: cf. Gr. <?/, <?/, to satiate, Skr. <ets>av</ets> to

satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth;

covetousness; cupidity.</def>



<q>To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up,

is <qex>avarice</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beattie.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inordinate desire for some supposed

good.</def>



<q>All are taught an <qex>avarice</qex> of praise.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Av`a*ri"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>avaricieux</ets>.]</ety> <def>Actuated by avarice; greedy of

gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid;

close.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Avaricious</er>, <er>Covetous</er>,

<er>Parsimonious</er>, <er>Penurious</er>, <er>Miserly</er>,

<er>Niggardly</er>. The <xex>avaricious</xex> eagerly grasp after

it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a

design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a

spendthrift. The <xex>penurious</xex>, <xex>parsimonious</xex>,

and <xex>miserly</xex> save money by disgraceful self-denial, and

the <xex>niggardly</xex> by meanness in their dealing with

others. We speak of persons as <xex>covetous</xex> in getting,

<xex>avaricious</xex> in retaining, <xex>parsimonious</xex> in

expending, <xex>penurious</xex> or <xex>miserly</xex> in modes of

living, <xex>niggardly</xex> in dispensing.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ly</wf>, <pos>adv</pos> --

<wf>Av`a*ri"cious*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Av"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avarus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avaricious.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

from D. <ets>houd vast</ets> hold fast. See <er>Hold</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, and <er>Fast</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Cease; stop; stay.</def>

\'bd<xex>Avast</xex> heaving.\'b8



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Av`a*tar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>avat\'83ra</ets> descent; <ets>ava</ets> from + root

<ets>t<?/</ets> to cross, pass over.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The descent of a deity to earth,

and his incarnation as a man or an animal; -- chiefly associated

with the incarnations of Vishnu.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Incarnation; manifestation as an object of

worship or admiration.</def>



<hw>A*vaunce"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>To advance; to profit.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vaunt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avant</ets> forward, fr. L. <ets>ab + ante</ets> before. Cf.

<er>Avant</er>, <er>Advance</er>.]</ety> <def>Begone; depart; --

a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase

\'bdGet thee gone.\'b8</def>



<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

advance; to move forward; to elevate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To depart; to move away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Coverdale.</au>



<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avanter</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L. <ets>ad</ets>) +

<ets>vanter</ets>. See <er>Vaunt</er>.]</ety> <def>To vaunt; to

boast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vaunt"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vaunt; to boast.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vaunt"our</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avanteur</ets>.]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8A"ve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

hail.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ave Maria.</def>



<q>He repeated <qex>Aves</qex> and Credos.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A reverential salutation.</def>



<q>Their loud applause and <qex>aves</qex> vehement.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*vel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avellere</ets>.]</ety> <def>To pull away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yet are not these parts <qex>avelled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>A*vel"lane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>avellana</ets> a filbert, fr. L. <ets>Avella</ets> or

<ets>Abella</ets> a city of Campania.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>In the form of four unhusked filberts; <as>as, an

<ex>avellane</ex> cross</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8A"ve Ma*ri"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>A"ve

Ma"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw><ety>[From the first words of the

Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. <ets>ave</ets> hail,

<ets>Maria</ets> Mary.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A salutation and

prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; -- used in the Roman

Catholic church.</def>



<q>To number <qex>Ave Maries</qex> on his beads.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing

of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early

dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria.</def>



<q><qex>Ave Maria</qex> ! blessed be the hour !</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>\'d8A*ve"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of grasses, including the common

oat <spn>(Avena sativa)</spn>; the oat grasses.</def>



<hw>Av`e*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avenaceus</ets>, fr. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.</def>



<hw>Av"e*nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avenage</ets>, fr. L. <ets>avena</ets> oats.]</ety>

<fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to

a landlord in lieu of rent.</def>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<hw>Av"e*ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avenier</ets>, fr. <ets>aveine</ets>, <ets>avaine</ets>,

<ets>avoine</ets>, oats, F. <ets>avoine</ets>, L.

<ets>avena</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Feud. Law)</fld> <def>An officer

of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the

horses.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*venge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Avenged</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Avenging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>avengier</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> +

<ets>vindicare</ets> to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See

<er>Vengeance</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take vengeance

for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party;

to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.</def>



<q>He will <qex>avenge</qex> the blood of his servants.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxxii. 43.</qau>



<q><qex>Avenge</qex>, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones

Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He had <qex>avenged</qex> himself on them by havoc such as

England had never before seen.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance

on.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thy judgment in <qex>avenging</qex> thine enemies.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Avenge</er>, <er>Revenge</er>.</syn> <usage>

To <xex>avenge</xex> is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in

behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; <as>as, to

<ex>avenge</ex> one's wrongs; to <ex>avenge</ex> the injuries of

the suffering and innocent</as>. It is to inflict pain for the

sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To

<xex>revenge</xex> is to inflict pain or injury for the

indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at

times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of

human character.</usage>



<q>I <qex>avenge</qex> myself upon another, or I

<qex>avenge</qex> another, or I <qex>avenge</qex> a wrong. I

<qex>revenge</qex> only myself, and that upon another.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take vengeance.</def>



<qau>Levit. xix. 18.</qau>



<hw>A*venge"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vengeance; revenge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*venge"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Vengeance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*venge"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Vengeful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*venge"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*ven"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who avenges or vindicates; <as>as, an <ex>avenger</ex>

of blood</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who takes vengeance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*ven"ger*ess</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

avenger.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*ve"ni*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + L. <ets>vena</ets> a vein.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Being without veins or nerves, as the

leaves of certain plants.</def>



<hw>Av"e*nor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Avener</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Av"ens</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avence</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the

genus <xex>Geum</xex>, esp. <xex>Geum urbanum</xex>, or herb

bennet.</def>



<hw>Av"en*tail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>esventail</ets>. Cf. <er>Ventail</er>.]</ety> <def>The

movable front to a helmet; the ventail.</def>



<hw>Av"en*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to <xex>Mons Aventinus</xex>, one of the seven hills on which

Rome stood.</def>



<au>Bryant.</au>



<hw>Av"en*tine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A post of security or

defense.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Into the castle's tower,

The only <qex>Aventine</qex> that now is left him.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>A*ven"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To thrust

forward (at a venture), as a spear.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*ven"ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Adventure</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Accident; chance; adventure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A mischance causing a

person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into

the fire.</def>



<hw>A*ven"tu*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aventurine</ets>: cf. It. <ets>avventurino</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of glass, containing gold-colored

spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental

(<xex>par aventure</xex>) dropping of some brass filings into a

pot of melted glass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of translucent

quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.</def>



<cs><col>\'f7 feldspar</col>, <cd>a variety of oligoclase with

internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute

crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.</cd></cs>



<hw>Av"e*nue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avenue</ets>, fr. <ets>avenir</ets> to come to, L.

<ets>advenire</ets>. See <er>Advene</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by

which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>avenues</xex> leading to the city by land.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>On every side were expanding new <qex>avenues</qex> of

inquiry.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principal walk or approach to a house which

is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on

each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.</def>



<q>An <qex>avenue</qex> of tall elms and branching chestnuts.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A broad street; <as>as, the Fifth

<ex>Avenue</ex> in New York</as>.</def>



<hw>A"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aver</ets> domestic animal, whence LL. <ets>averia</ets>,

pl. cattle. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Average</er>.]</ety>

<def>A work horse, or working ox.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.

Eng.]</mark>



<-- p. 105  -->



<hw>A*ver"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Averred</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Averring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>av\'82rer</ets>, LL. <ets>adverare</ets>,

<ets>averare</ets>; L. <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>versus</ets> true.

See <er>Verity</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To assert, or prove,

the truth of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To avouch or verify; to offer

to verify; to prove or justify. See <er>Averment</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To affirm with confidence; to declare in a

positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.</def>



<q>It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in

truth, as I do seriously <qex>aver</qex> is the case.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<q>Then all <qex>averred</qex> I had killed the bird.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See

<er>Affirm</er>.</syn>



<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>average</ets>, LL. <ets>averagium</ets>, prob. fr. OF.

<ets>aver</ets>, F. <ets>avoir</ets>, property, horses, cattle,

etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. <ets>habere</ets> to have.

Cf. F. <ets>av\'82rage</ets> small cattle, and <ets>avarie</ets>

(perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues.

The first meaning was pe<?/<?/<?/ the service of carting a feudal

lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards

loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each

person's property. Cf. <er>Aver</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Avercorn</er>, <er>Averpenny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(OLd Eng. Law)</fld> <def>That service which a tenant owed

his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the

carriage of wheat, turf, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>avarie</ets> damage to ship or

cargo.]</ety> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tariff or

duty on goods, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of

goods shipped.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A contribution to a loss

or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the

general benefit; damage done by sea perils.</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<def>The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or

expense among all interested.</def>



<cs><col>General average</col>, <cd>a contribution made, by all

parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by

the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in

interest for the benefit of all. It is called <xex>general

average<xex>, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship,

cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice.</cd>

<au>Kent</au>. -- <col>Particular average</col> <cd>signifies the

damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or

freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable

accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the

articles damaged, or by their insurers.</cd> -- <col>Petty

averages</col> <cd>are sundry small charges, which occur

regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the

usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage,

and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are,

borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause

commonly found in bills of lading, \'bdprimage and

<xex>average<xex> accustomed,\'b8 <xex>average<xex> means a kind

of composition established by usage for such charges, which were

formerly assessed by way of average.</cd> <au>Arnould.</au> 

<au>Abbott</au>. <au>Phillips</au>.</cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made

out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean.

<as>Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and

the <ex>average</ex> 10.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any medial estimate or general statement derived

from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual

size, quantity, quality, rate, etc.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>average</xex> of sensations.\'b8



<au>Paley.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>In the English corn trade, the

medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn

markets.</def>



<cs><col>On an average</col>, <cd>taking the mean of unequal

numbers or quantities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Av"er*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean

proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary;

usual; <as>as, an <ex>average</ex> rate of profit; an

<ex>average</ex> amount of rain; the <ex>average</ex> Englishman;

beings of the <ex>average</ex> stamp.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>According to the laws of averages; <as>as, the

loss must be made good by <ex>average</ex>

contribution</as>.</def>



<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Averaged</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Averaging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To find the

mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a

mean.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide among a number, according to a given

proportion; <as>as, to <ex>average</ex> a loss</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an

average.</def>



<hw>Av"er*age</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form, or exist in, a

mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~;

<as>as, the losses of the owners will <ex>average</ex> twenty

five dollars each; these spars <ex>average</ex> ten feet in

length.</as></def>



<hw>A"ver*corn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>corn</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A reserved rent in corn, formerly

paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.</def>



<au>Kennet.</au>



<hw>A*ver"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>averement</ets>, LL. <ets>averamentum</ets>. See

<er>Aver</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act

of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive

assertion.</def>



<q>Signally has this <qex>averment</qex> received illustration in

the course of recent events.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Verification; establishment by evidence.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A positive statement of facts;

an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is

alleged.</def>



<note><hand/ In any stage of pleadings, when either party

advances new matter, he <xex>avers</xex> it to be true, by using

this form of words: \'bdand this he is ready to verify.\'b8 This

was formerly called an <xex>averment</xex>. It modern pleading,

it is termed a <xex>verification</xex>.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*ver"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>A*ver"ni*an</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous

vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to

kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be

connected with the infernal regions.</def>



<hw>Av"er*pen`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aver</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>penny</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Money paid by a tenant in lieu of

the service of average.</def>



<hw>A*ver"ro*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The tenets

of the Averroists.</def>



<hw>A*ver"ro*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a sect of

peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the

restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or

Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine

of monopsychism.</def>



<hw>Av`er*run"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>averruncare</ets> to avert; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets>, off

+ <ets>verruncare</ets> to turn; formerly derived from

<ets>ab</ets> and <ets>eruncare</ets> to root out. Cf.

<er>Aberuncate</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To avert; to ward

off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To root up.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OF. <ets>averroncation</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

averting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Eradication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Av`er*run*ca"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Aberuncator</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for pruning

trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on

the end of a long rod.</def>



<hw>Av`er*sa"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aversatio</ets>, fr. <ets>aversari</ets> to turn away, v.

intens. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See <er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <def>A

turning from with dislike; aversion.</def> <mark>[Obs.or

Archaic]</mark>



<q>Some men have a natural <qex>aversation</qex> to some vices or

virtues, and a natural affection to others.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*verse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aversus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avertere</ets>. See

<er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Turned away or

backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The tracks <qex>averse</qex> a lying notice gave,

And led the searcher backward from the cave.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having a repugnance or opposition of mind;

disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.</def>



<q><qex>Averse</qex> alike to flatter, or offend.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>Men who were <qex>averse</qex> to the life of camps.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Pass by securely as men <qex>averse</qex> from war.</q>

<qau>Micah ii. 8.</qau>



<note><hand/ The prevailing usage now is to employ <xex>to</xex>

after <xex>averse</xex> and its derivatives rather than

<xex>from</xex>, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is

in agreement with its kindred terms, <xex>hatred</xex>,

<xex>dislike</xex>, <xex>dissimilar</xex>, <xex>contrary</xex>,

<xex>repugnant</xex>, etc., expressing a relation or an affection

of the mind to an object.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Averse</er>, <er>Reluctant</er>,

<er>Adverse</er>.</syn> <usage> <xex>Averse</xex> expresses an

habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; <as>as,

<ex>averse</ex> to active pursuits; <ex>averse</ex> to

study</as>. <xex>Reluctant</xex>, a term of the of the will,

implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of

interest or feeling; <as>as, <ex>reluctant</ex> to yield</as>;

<xex>reluctant</xex> to make the necessary arrangements; a

<xex>reluctant</xex> will or consent. <xex>Adverse</xex> denotes

active opposition or hostility; <as>as, <ex>adverse</ex>

interests</as>; <xex>adverse</xex> feelings, plans, or movements;

the <xex>adverse</xex> party.</usage>



<hw>A*verse"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To turn away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>A*verse"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Backward;

in a backward direction; <as>as, emitted

<ex>aversely</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.</def>



<hw>A*verse"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.</def>



<hw>A*ver"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aversio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>aversion</ets>. See

<er>Avert</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A turning away.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Adhesion to vice and <qex>aversion</qex> from goodness.</q>

<qau>Bp. Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike;

antipathy; disinclination; reluctance.</def>



<q>Mutual <qex>aversion</qex> of races.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>His rapacity had made him an object of general

<qex>aversion</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<note><hand/ It is now generally followed by <xex>to</xex> before

the object. [See <er>Averse</er>.] Sometimes <xex>towards</xex>

and <xex>for</xex> are found; <xex>from</xex> is obsolete.</note>



<q>A freeholder is bred with an <qex>aversion to</qex>

subjection.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>His <qex>aversion towards</qex> the house of York.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has

conceived an <qex>aversion for</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<q>The Khasias . . . have an <qex>aversion to</qex> milk.</q>

<qau>J. D. Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The object of dislike or repugnance.</def>



<q>Pain their <qex>aversion</qex>, pleasure their desire.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See

<er>Dislike</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*vert"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Averted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Averting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>avertere</ets>; <ets>a</ets>, <ets>ab</ets> +

<ets>vertere</ets> to turn: cf. OF. <ets>avertir</ets>. See

<er>Verse</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To turn aside, or away;

<as>as, to <ex>avert</ex> the eyes from an object; to ward off,

or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; <as>as, how can the

danger be <ex>averted</ex>?</as>  \'bdTo <xex>avert</xex> his

ire.\'b8</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many

discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth

<qex>avert</qex> them from the church.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Till ardent prayer <qex>averts</qex> the public woe.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>A*vert"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To turn away.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Cold and <qex>averting</qex> from our neighbor's good.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>A*vert"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Turned away, esp. as an

expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.</def>



<q>Who scornful pass it with <qex>averted</qex> eye.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<hw>A*vert"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, averts.</def>



<hw>A*vert"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being averted; preventable.</def>



<hw>A*ver"ti*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Advertisement.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A"ves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L., pl.

of <ets>avis</ets> bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Aves</xex>, or birds, have a complete double

circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly

modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds

have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds

(Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The

principal groups are: <er>Carinat\'91</er>, including all

existing flying birds; <er>Ratit\'91</er>, including the ostrich

and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas;

<er>Odontornithes</er>, or fossil birds with teeth.</note>



<note>The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure

of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their

habits. See <er>Beak</er>, <er>Bird</er>,

<er>Odontonithes</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8A*ves"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

Zoroastrian scriptures. See <er>Zend-Avesta</er>.</def>



<hw>A"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

instrument to birds.</def>



<hw>A"vi*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Aviaries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>aviarium</ets>, fr. <ets>aviarius</ets> pertaining to birds,

fr. <ets>avis</ets> bird, akin to Gr, <?/, Skr.

<ets>vi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A house, inclosure, large cage, or

other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house.</def>



<q>Lincolnshire may be termed the <qex>aviary</qex> of

England.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>A`vi*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

science of flying.</def>



<hw>A"vi*a`tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An experimenter in aviation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

flying machine.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*vic"u*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

small bird.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine

bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster;

-- so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species

to a bird.</def>



<hw>A*vic"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avicula</ets> a small bird, dim. of <ets>avis</ets>

bird.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*vic`u*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Avicular</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often

having the shape of a bird's bill.</def>



<hw>A"vi*cul`ture</hw> <pr>(?; 135)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avis</ets> bird + <ets>cultura</ets> culture.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Rearing and care of birds.</def>



<hw>Av"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avidus</ets>, fr. <ets>av<?/re</ets> to long: cf. F.

<ets>avide</ets>. See <er>Avarice</er>.]</ety> <def>Longing

eagerly for; eager; greedy.</def> \'bd<xex>Avid</xex> of gold,

yet greedier of renown.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>A*vid"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Avid.</def>



<hw>A*vid"i*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Eagerly;

greedily.</def>



<hw>A*vid"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>aviditas</ets>, fr. <ets>avidus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>avidit\'82</ets>. See <er>Avid</er>.]</ety> <def>Greediness;

strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; <as>as, to eat

with <ex>avidity</ex></as>.</def>



<q>His books were received and read with <qex>avidity</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milward.</qau>



<hw>A*vie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>vie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Emulously.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8A`vi*fau"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. L. <ets>avis</ets> bird + E. <ets>fauna</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The birds, or all the kinds of birds,

inhabiting a region.</def>



<hw>Av`i*ga"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Avocado</er>.</def>



<hw>A`vignon" ber"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The fruit of the <spn>Rhamnus infectorius</spn>, eand of

other species of the same genus; -- so called from the city of

Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring

yellow. Called also <altname>French berry</altname>.</def>



<hw>A*vile"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>aviler</ets>, F. <ets>avilir</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>vil</ets> vile. See <er>Vile</er>.]</ety>

<def>To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Want makes us know the price of what we <qex>avile</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>A*vis"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avis</ets>. See <er>Advice</er>.]</ety> <def>Advice;

opinion; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>aviser</ets>. See <er>Advise</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To look at; to view; to think of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To advise; to counsel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>To avise one's self</col>, <cd>to consider with one's

self, to reflect, to deliberate. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be,

<qex>Avise thee</qex> well, and change thy willful mood.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*vise"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To consider; to

reflect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vise"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Watchful;

circumspect.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With sharp, <qex>aviseful</qex> eye.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>A*vise"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Advisedly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vise"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Advisement;

observation; deliberation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vi"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Vision.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vi"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Information; advice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An advice boat, or dispatch boat.</def>



<hw>\'d8Av`o*ca"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted from the Mexican <ets>ahuacatl</ets>: cf. Sp.

<ets>aguacate</ets>, F. <ets>aguacat\'82</ets>,

<ets>avocat</ets>, G. <ets>avogado</ets>baum.]</ety> <def>The

pulpy fruit of <spn>Persea gratissima</spn>, a tree of tropical

America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; --

called also <altname>avocado pear</altname>, <altname>alligator

pear</altname>, <altname>midshipman's butter</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Av`o*cat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>An advocate.</def>



<hw>Av"o*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avocatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avocare</ets>; <ets>a</ets>,

<ets>ab + vocare</ets> to call. Cf. <er>Avoke</er>, and see

<er>Vocal</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To call off or away; to

withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark>



<q>One who <qex>avocateth</qex> his mind from other

occupations.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>He, at last, . . . <qex>avocated</qex> the cause to Rome.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<hw>Av`o*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avocatio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A calling away; a

diversion.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>Impulses to duty, and powerful <qex>avocations</qex> from

sin.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which calls one away from one's regular

employment or vocation.</def>



<q>Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly

employments <qex>avocations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>By the secular cares and <qex>avocations</qex> which accompany

marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common

life.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this sense the word is applied to the smaller

affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to

leave his ordinary or principal business. <xex>Avocation</xex>

(in the singular) for <xex>vocation</xex> is usually avoided by

good writers.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Pursuits; duties; affairs which

occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation.</def>



<q>There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to

these studies than the common <qex>avocations</qex> of women.</q>

<qau>Richardson.</qau>



<q>In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard,

and returned to their ordinary <qex>avocations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<-- p. 106  -->



<q>An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them

choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the

more fixed pursuits of agriculture.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Calling

off.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vo"ca*tive</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which calls aside;

a dissuasive.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Av"o*cet</hw>, <hw>Av"o*set</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>avocette</ets>: cf. It.

<ets>avosetta</ets>, Sp. <ets>avoceta</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A grallatorial bird, of the genus

<spn>Recurvirostra</spn>; the scooper. The bill is long and bend

upward toward the tip. The American species is <spn>R.

Americana</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>avocette</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>A*void"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos> <wordforms>[p.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Avoided</er>; <pos>p. pr.</pos> &

<ets>vb<pos>ets>. <ets>n<pos>ets>.

<er>Avoiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>esvuidier</ets>,

<ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>vuidier</ets>,

<ets>voidier</ets>, to empty. See <er>Void</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To empty.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To emit or throw out; to void; <as>as, to

<ex>avoid</ex> excretions</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Six of us only stayed, and the rest <qex>avoided</qex>

the room.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make void; to annul or vacate; to

refute.</def>



<q>How can these grants of the king's be <qex>avoided</qex>?</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor

no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex>

the company of gamesters</as>.</def>



<q>What need a man forestall his date of grief.

And run to meet what he would most <qex>avoid</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He carefully <qex>avoided</qex> every act which could goad

them into open hostility.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To get rid of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Pleading)</fld> <def>To defeat or evade; to

invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the

defendant's plea, or confess it, and <xex>avoid</xex> it by

stating new matter.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew.</syn> <usage> -- To

<er>Avoid</er>, <er>Shun</er>. <xex>Avoid</xex> in its commonest

sense means, <xex>to keep clear of</xex>, an extension of the

meaning, <xex>to withdraw one's self from</xex>. It denotes care

taken not to come near or in contact; <as>as, to <ex>avoid</ex>

certain persons or places</as>. <xex>Shun</xex> is a stronger

term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words

may, however, in many cases be interchanged.</usage>



<q>No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if

the take no care of himself to <qex>avoid</qex> it.</q>

<qau>Mason.</qau>



<q>So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox,

Yet <qex>shunned</qex> him as a sailor <qex>shuns</qex> the

rocks.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>A*void"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To retire; to

withdraw.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>David <qex>avoided</qex> out of his presence.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xviii. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To become void or vacant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>A*void"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made

invalid; voidable.</def>



<q>The charters were not <qex>avoidable</qex> for the king's

nonage.</q>

<qau>Hale.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Capable of being avoided, shunned, or

escaped.</def>



<hw>A*void"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of annulling; annulment.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of becoming vacant, or the state of

being vacant; -- specifically used for the state of a benefice

becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the

incumbent.</def>



<q>Wolsey, . . . on every <qex>avoidance</qex> of St. Peter's

chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other

clapped in before him.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dismissing or a quitting; removal;

withdrawal.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear

of.</def> \'bdThe <xex>avoidance</xex> of pain.\'b8



<au>Beattie.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The courts by which anything is carried

off.</def>



<q><qex>Avoidances</qex> and drainings of water.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>A*void"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which

things are carried away.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.</def>



<hw>A*void"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unavoidable;

inevitable.</def>



<hw>Av`oir*du*pois"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>aver de peis</ets>, goods of weight, where

<ets>peis</ets> is fr. OF. <ets>peis</ets> weight, F.

<ets>poids</ets>, L. <ets>pensum</ets>. See <er>Aver</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Poise</er>, <ets>n</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Goods sold by weight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Avoirdupois weight.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Weight; heaviness; <as>as, a woman of much

<ex>avoirdupois</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Avoirdupois weight</col>, <cd>a system of weights by

which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain,

butter, sugar, tea.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The standard Avoirdupois pound of the United States

is equivalent to the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled

water at 62<deg/ Fahrenheit, the barometer being at 30 inches,

and the water weighed in the air with brass weights. In this

system of weights 16 drams make 1 ounce, 16 ounces 1 pound, 25

pounds 1 quarter, 4 quarters 1 hundred weight, and 20 hundred

weight 1 ton. The above pound contains 7,000 grains, or 453.54

grams, so that 1 pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1 31-144

pounds troy. (See <er>Troy weight</er>.) Formerly, a hundred

weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds

(sometimes called a <xex>long ton</xex>).</note>



<hw>A*voke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Avocate</er>.]</ety> <def>To call from or back again.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Burnet.</au>



<hw>Av"o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avolare</ets>; <ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) +

<ets>volare</ets> to fly.]</ety> <def>To fly away; to escape; to

exhale.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Av`o*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>avolatio</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of flying; flight;

evaporation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Av"o*set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Avocet</er>.</def>



<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Avouched</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Avouching</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>avochier</ets>, LL. <ets>advocare</ets> to

recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L.

<ets>advocare</ets> to call to; <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets>

to call. Cf. <er>Avow</er> to declare, <er>Advocate</er>, and see

<er>Vouch</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They <qex>avouch</qex> many successions of authorities.</q>

<qau>Coke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.</def>



<q>We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were

not <qex>avouched</qex> by the full evidence.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To declare or assert positively and as matter of

fact; to affirm openly.</def>



<q>If this which he <qex>avouches</qex> does appear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Such antiquities could have been <qex>avouched</qex> for the

Irish.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to

confess; to sanction.</def>



<q>Thou hast <qex>avouched</qex> the Lord this day to be thy

God.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxvi. 17.</qau>



<hw>A*vouch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Evidence;

declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The sensible and true <qex>avouch</qex>

Of mine own eyes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>A*vouch"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being avouched.</def>



<hw>A*vouch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

avouches.</def>



<hw>A*vouch"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

avouching; positive declaration.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>A*vou"trer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Advoutrer</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vou"trie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>Adultery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*vow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Avowed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Avowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>avouver</ets>, fr. L. <ets>advocare</ets> to call

to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as

lord, own, confess); <ets>ad</ets> + <ets>vocare</ets> to call.

See <er>Advocate</er>, <er>Avouch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own

or acknowledge frankly; <as>as, a man <ex>avows</ex> his

principles or his crimes</as>.</def>



<q>Which I to be the of Israel's God

<qex>Avow</qex>, and challenge Dagon to the test.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To acknowledge and justify, as

an act done. See <er>Avowry</er>.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To acknowledge; own; confess. See

<er>Confess</er>.</syn>



<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <pos>n</pos>, <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>aveu</ets>.]</ety> <def>Avowal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>avouer</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>votare</ets> to vow, fr. L.

<ets>votun</ets>. See <er>Vote</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To

bind, or to devote, by a vow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>A*vow"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vow or determination.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>A*vow"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>A*vow"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An open

declaration; frank acknowledgment; <as>as, an <ex>avowal</ex> of

such principles</as>.</def>



<au>Hume.</au>



<hw>A*vow"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Act of avowing; avowal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Upholding; defense; vindication.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Can my <qex>avowance</qex> of king-murdering be collected from

anything here written by me?</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>A*vow"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The defendant in replevin, who <xex>avows</xex> the distress

of the goods, and justifies the taking.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<hw>A*vowed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Openly

acknowledged or declared; admitted.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>A*vow"ed*ly</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*vow`ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>avou\'82</ets>. Cf. <er>Advowee</er>, <er>Advocate</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The person who has a right to present

to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See

<er>Advowson</er>.</def>



<hw>A*vow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who avows

or asserts.</def>



<hw>A*vow"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>avouerie</ets> protection, authority, OF.

<ets>avouerie</ets>. See <er>Avow</er> to declare.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An advocate; a patron; a patron saint.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let God alone be our <qex>avowry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an

action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own

right.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ When an action of replevin is brought, the

distrainer either makes <xex>avowry</xex>, that is,

<xex>avours</xex> taking the distress in his own right, or the

right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of

rent, damage done, or the like; or makes <xex>cognizance</xex>,

that is, <xex>acknowledges</xex> the taking, but justifies in an

another's right, as his bailiff or servant.</note>



<hw>A*vow"try</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Adultery. See

<er>Advoutry</er>.</def>



<hw>A*voy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of

Switzerland.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>A*vulse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avulsus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>avellere</ets> to tear off;

<ets>a</ets> (<ets>ab</ets>) + <ets>vellere</ets> to

pluck.]</ety> <def>To pluck or pull off.</def>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>A*vul"sion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avulsio</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tearing asunder; a

forcible separation.</def>



<q>The <qex>avulsion</qex> of two polished superficies.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fragment torn off.</def>



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The sudden removal of lands or

soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an

inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a

river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and

joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus

separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.</def>



<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>



<hw>A*vun"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>avunculus</ets> uncle.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an

uncle.</def>



<q>In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct

or <qex>avuncular</qex>, gives way.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*wait"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Awaited</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Awaiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>awaitier</ets>, <ets>agaitier</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> (L.

<ets>ad</ets>) + <ets>waitier</ets>, <ets>gaitier</ets> to watch,

F. <ets>guetter</ets>. See <er>Wait</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To watch for; to look out for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wait on, serve, or attend.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See

<er>Expect</er>.</def>



<q>Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat,

Chief of the angelic guards, <qex>awaiting</qex> night.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting

for; <as>as, a glorious reward <ex>awaits</ex> the

good</as>.</def>



<q>O Eve, some farther change <qex>awaits</qex> us night.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

watch.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wait (<xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To wait; to stay in waiting.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>A*wait"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A waiting for; ambush;

watch; watching; heed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*wake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Awoke</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Awaked</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Awaked</er>;

(Obs.) <er>Awaken</er>, <er>Awoken</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n</pos>. <er>Awaking</er>. The form <er>Awoke</er> is sometimes

used as a <pos>p. p</pos>.] <ety>[AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>,

v. i. (imp. <ets>aw<?/c</ets>), and <ets>\'bewacian</ets>, v. i.

(imp. <ets>awacode</ets>). See <er>Awaken</er>,

<er>Wake</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rouse from sleep.; to

wake; to awaken.</def>



<q>Where morning's earliest ray . . . <qex>awake</qex> her.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>And his disciples came to him, and <qex>awoke</qex> him,

saying, Lord, save us; we perish.</q>

<qau>Matt. viii. 25.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from

death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new

life to; to stir up; <as>as, to <ex>awake</ex> the dead; to

<ex>awake</ex> the dormant faculties.</as></def>



<q>I was soon <qex>awaked</qex> from this disagreeable

reverie.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>It way <qex>awake</qex> my bounty further.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>No sunny gleam <qex>awake</qex>s the trees.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<hw>A*wake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cease to

sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep; and,

figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or

death.</def>



<q>The national spirit again <qex>awoke</qex>.</q>

<qau>Freeman.</qau>



<q><qex>Awake</qex> to righteousness, and sin not.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xv. 34.</qau>



<hw>A*wake"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <ets>awaken</ets>, old

p. p. of <ets>awake</ets>.]</ety> <def>Not sleeping or lethargic;

roused from sleep; in a state of vigilance or action.</def>



<q>Before whom <qex>awake</qex> I stood.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>She still beheld,

Now wide <qex>awake</qex>, the vision of her sleep.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<q>He was <qex>awake</qex> to the danger.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<hw>A*wak"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Awakened</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Awakening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>awakenen</ets>,

<ets>awaknen</ets>, AS. <ets>\'bew\'91cnan</ets>,

<ets>\'bew\'91cnian</ets>, <pos>v. i.</pos>; pref. <ets>on-</ets>

+ <ets>w\'91cnan</ets> to wake. Cf. <er>Awake</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to

wake.</def>



<q>[He] is dispatched

Already to <qex>awaken</qex> whom thou nam'st.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Their consciences are thoroughly <qex>awakened</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.</syn>



<hw>A*wak"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, awakens.</def>



<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rousing from sleep, in

a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting;

<as>as, the <ex>awakening</ex> city; an <ex>awakening</ex>

discourse; the <ex>awakening</ex> dawn.</as></def> --

<wordforms><wf>A*wak"en*ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>A*wak"en*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of awaking, or

ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more

general attention to religious matters than usual.</def>



<hw>A*wak"en*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

awakening.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*want"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wanting</ets>.]</ety> <def>Missing;

wanting.</def> <mark>[Prov. Scot. & Eng.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<hw>A*ward"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Awarded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Awarding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF.

<ets>eswarder</ets> to look at, consider, decide, judge;

<ets>es</ets> (L. <ets>ex</ets>) + <ets>warder</ets>,

<ets>garder</ets>, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG.

<ets>wart<?/n</ets> to watch, guard. See <er>Ward</er>.]</ety>

<def>To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or

apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to

adjudge; <as>as, the arbitrators <ex>awarded</ex> damages to the

complainant</as>.</def>



<q>To review

The wrongful sentence, and <qex>award</qex> a new.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To determine; to make an

~.</def>



<hw>A*ward"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>award</ets>,

<ets>awart</ets>, <ets>esgart</ets>. See <er>Award</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A judgment, sentence, or final

decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case

submitted.</def>\'bdImpatient for the <xex>award</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>An <qex>award</qex> had been given against.</q>

<qau>Gilpin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The paper containing the decision of

arbitrators; that which is warded.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>A*ward"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a

judge.</def>



<hw>A*ware"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>iwar</ets>, AS. <ets>gew\'91r</ets>, fr. <ets>w\'91r</ets>

wary. The pref. <ets>ge-</ets> orig. meant <ets>together</ets>,

<ets>completely</ets>. <?/. See <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or

difficulty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious;

<as>as, he was <ex>aware</ex> of the enemy's designs</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Aware</qex> of nothing arduous in a task

They never undertook.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>A*warn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>warn</ets>, AS. <ets>gewarnian</ets>. See

<er>Warn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To warn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*wash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wash</ets>.]</ety> <def>Washed by the waves

or tide; -- said of a rock or strip of shore, or

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> of an anchor, etc., when flush with the

surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.</def>



<hw>A*way"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>aweg</ets>, <ets>anweg</ets>, <ets>onweg</ets>;

<ets>on</ets> on + <ets>weg</ets> way.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>From a place; hence.</def>



<q>The sound is going <qex>away</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Have me <qex>away</qex>, for I am sore wounded.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xxxv. 23.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Absent; gone; at a distance; <as>as, the master

is <ex>away</ex> from home</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Aside; off; in another direction.</def>



<q>The axis of rotation is inclined <qex>away</qex> from the

sun.</q>

<qau>Lockyer.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>From a state or condition of being; out of

existence.</def>



<q>Be near me when I fade <qex>away</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an

imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~.</def>



<q>And the Lord said . . . <qex>Away</qex>, get thee down.</q>

<qau>Exod. xix. 24.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>On; in continuance; without intermission or

delay; <as>as, sing <ex>away</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<note><hand/ It is much used in phrases signifying moving or

going from; as, go <xex>away</xex>, run <xex>away</xex>, etc.;

all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes

without the verb; as, whither <xex>away</xex> so fast ? \'bdLove

hath wings, and will <xex>away</xex>.\'b8 <au>Waller</au>. It

serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of

removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw <xex>away</xex>;

to trifle <xex>away</xex>; to squander <xex>away</xex>, etc.

Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze

<xex>away</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Away with</col>, <cd>bear, abide</cd>. <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark> \'bdThe calling of assemblies, I can not <ex>away

with</ex>.\'b8 (<qau>Isa. i. 13</qau>), i. e., \'bdI can not bear

or endure [it].\'b8 -- <col>Away with</col> <cd>one, signifies,

take him <xex>away<xex>. \'bd<xex>Away<xex> with, crucify

him.\'b8 <au>John xix. 15</au>.</cd> -- <col>To make away

with</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To kill or destroy. <sd>(b)</sd> To

carry off.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 107  -->



<hw>A*way"-go"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Sown during the last years of a tenancy,

but not ripe until after its expiration; -- said of crops.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>A*way"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Turned

away; away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Awe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>a<?/e</ets>, <ets>aghe</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>agi</ets>; akin

to AS. <ets>ege</ets>, <ets><?/ga</ets>, Goth. <ets>agis</ets>,

Dan. <ets>ave</ets> chastisement, fear, Gr. <?/ pain, distress,

from the same root as E. <ets>ail</ets>. <?/3. Cf.

<er>Ugly</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dread; great fear mingled

with respect.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Obsolescent]</mark>



<q>His frown was full of terror, and his voice

Shook the delinquent with such fits of <qex>awe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The emotion inspired by something dreadful and

sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime;

reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence.</def>



<q>There is an <qex>awe</qex> in mortals' joy,

A deep mysterious fear.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<q>To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in

<qex>awe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain,

may fill the mind with <qex>awe</qex> -- the sense of our own

littleness in some greater presence or power.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<cs><col>To stand in awe of</col>, <cd>to fear greatly; to

reverence profoundly.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Reverence</er>.</syn>



<hw>Awe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Awed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Awing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike with fear and

reverence; to inspire with awe; to control by inspiring

dread.</def>



<q>That same eye whose bend doth <qex>awe</qex> the world.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>His solemn and pathetic exhortation <qex>awed</qex> and melted

the bystanders.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>A*wea"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos>

<def>Wearied.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<hw>A*wea"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Weary.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark> \'bdI begin to be <xex>aweary</xex> of

thee.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*weath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weather</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction

from which the wind blows; -- opposed to <xex>alee</xex>; as,

helm <xex>aweather</xex> !</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>A*weigh"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>weigh</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly;

atrip; -- said of the anchor.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Awe"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Awless</er>.</def>



<hw>Awe"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Causing awe; appalling; awful; <as>as, an <ex>awesome</ex>

sight</as>.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Expressive of awe or terror.</def>



<q>An <qex>awesome</qex> glance up at the auld castle.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Awe"some*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

awesome.</def>



<hw>Awe"-strick`en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Awe-struck.</def>



<hw>Awe"-struck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Struck

with awe.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Aw"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; <as>as,

an <ex>awful</ex> scene</as>.</def> \'bdThe hour of Nature's

<xex>awful</xex> throes.\'b8



<au>Hemans.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence,

or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear;

profoundly impressive.</def>



<q>Heaven's <qex>awful</qex> Monarch.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Struck or filled with awe;

terror-stricken.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A weak and <qex>awful</qex> reverence for antiquity.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thrust from the company of <qex>awful</qex> men.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; -- applied

intensively; <as>as, an <ex>awful</ex> bonnet; an <ex>awful</ex>

boaster.</as></def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Frightful</er>.</syn>



<hw>Aw"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an awful

manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully;

reverently.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very; excessively.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Aw"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality

of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity;

<as>as, the <ex>awfulness</ex> of this sacred place</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>awfulness</qex> of grandeur.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of

solemnity; profound reverence.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Producing in us reverence and <qex>awfulness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>A*whape"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>whap</ets> blow.]</ety> <def>To confound; to terrify; to

amaze.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>A*while"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Adj. <ets>a

+ while</ets> time, interval.]</ety> <def>For a while; for some

time; for a short time.</def>



<hw>A*wing"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wing</ets>.]</ety> <def>On the wing; flying;

fluttering.</def>



<au>Wallace.</au>



<hw>Awk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>auk</ets>, <ets>awk</ets> (properly) turned away; (hence)

contrary, wrong, from Icel. <ets>\'94figr</ets>,

<ets>\'94fugr</ets>, <ets>afigr</ets>, turning the wrong way, fr.

<ets>af</ets> off, away; cf. OHG. <ets>abuh</ets>, Skr.

<ets>ap\'bec</ets> turned away, fr. <ets>apa</ets> off, away + a

root <ets>ak</ets>, <ets>a</ets><?/<ets>k</ets>, to bend, from

which come also E. <ets>angle</ets>, <ets>anchor</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Odd; out of order; perverse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister;

<as>as, the <ex>awk</ex> end of a rod (the but end)</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Golding.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not

dexterous; awkward.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Awk</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Perversely; in the wrong

way.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Awk"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In an unlucky

(left-handed) or perverse manner.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Awkwardly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Awk"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Awk</ets> + <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of

instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease,

grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; <as>as, he was

<ex>awkward</ex> at a trick; an <ex>awkward</ex> boy.</as></def>



<q>And dropped an <qex>awkward</qex> courtesy.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not easily managed or effected;

embarrassing.</def>



<q>A long and <qex>awkward</qex> process.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>An <qex>awkward</qex> affair is one that has gone wrong, and

is difficult to adjust.</q>

<qau>C. J. Smith.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Perverse; adverse; untoward.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Awkward</xex> casualties.\'b8

\'bd<xex>Awkward</xex> wind.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>O blind guides, which being of an <qex>awkward</qex> religion,

do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky;

maladroit; bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming.</syn>

<usage> -- <er>Awkward</er>, <er>Clumsy</er>, <er>Uncouth</er>.

<xex>Awkward</xex> has a special reference to outward deportment.

A man is <xex>clumsy</xex> in his whole person, he is

<xex>awkward</xex> in his gait and the movement of his limbs.

<xex>Clumsiness</xex> is seen at the first view.

<xex>Awkwardness</xex> is discovered only when a person begins to

move. Hence the expressions, a <xex>clumsy</xex> appearance, and

an <xex>awkward</xex> manner. When we speak figuratively of an

<xex>awkward</xex> excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace

in making it; when we speak of a <xex>clumsy</xex> excuse, we

think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term

<xex>uncouth</xex> most frequently to that which results from the

want of instruction or training; as, <xex>uncouth</xex> manners;

<xex>uncouth</xex> language.</usage>



-- <wordforms><wf>Awk"ward*ly</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Awk"ward*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Awl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>aul</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>, <ets>al</ets>, AS.

<ets><?/l</ets>, <ets>awel</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>alr</ets>,

OHG. <ets>\'bela</ets>, G. <ets>ahle</ets>, Lith. <ets>yla</ets>,

Skr. <ets>\'ber\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument for

piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers,

saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and

pointed for different uses, as in the <xex>brad awl</xex>,

<xex>saddler</xex>'<xex>s awl</xex>, <xex>shoemaker</xex>'<xex>s

awl</xex>, etc.</def>



<hw>Aw"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear.</def>

\'bd<xex>Awless</xex> insolence.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inspiring no awe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bdThe <xex>awless</xex> throne.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>

<altsp> [Written also <asp>aweless</asp>]</altsp>



<hw>Aw"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

awless.</def>



<hw>Awl"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Shaped like an awl.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Subulate. See

<er>Subulate</er>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Awl"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Awl</ets> + <ets>wort</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant <spn>(Subularia aquatica)</spn>, with awl-shaped

leaves.</def>



<hw>Awm</hw> <pr>(?m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Aam</er>.</def>



<hw>Awn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>awn</ets>, <ets>agune</ets>, from Icel. <ets>\'94gn</ets>,

pl. <ets>agnir</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>agn</ets>, Dan.

<ets>avne</ets>, Goth. <ets>ahana</ets>, OHG. <ets>agana</ets>,

G. <ets>agen</ets>, <ets>ahne</ets>, chaff, Gr. <?/, AS.

<ets>egla</ets>; prob. from same root as E. <ets>acute</ets>. See

3d <er>Ear</er>. <?/1.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The bristle

or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar

bristlelike appendage; arista.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Awned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip;

bearded.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Awn"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

uncertain: cf. F. <ets>auvent</ets> awing, or Pers.

<ets>\'bewan</ets>, <ets>\'bewang</ets>, anything suspended, or

LG. <ets>havening</ets> a place sheltered from wind and weather,

E. <ets>haven</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rooflike cover,

usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter

from the sun, rain, or wind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is

continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.</def>



<hw>Awn"inged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with an awning.</def>



<hw>Awn"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without awns or

beard.</def>



<hw>Awn"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having awns;

bearded.</def>



<hw>A*work"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>work</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in

action.</def> \'bdSet <xex>awork</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*work"ing</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>a-</ets> +

<ets>working</ets>.]</ety> <def>At work; in action.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*wreak"</hw>, <hw>A*wreke"</hw>, }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To avenge.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Wreak</er>.</def>



<hw>A*wrong"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wrong</ets>.]</ety> <def>Wrongly.</def>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>A*wry"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>a-</ets> + <ets>wry</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Turned or

twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or

position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint;

with oblique vision; <as>as, to glance <ex>awry</ex></as>.</def>

\'bdYour crown's <xex>awry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues <qex>awry</qex>.

Into the devious air.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Aside from the line of truth, or right reason;

unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely.</def>



<q>Or by her charms

Draws him <qex>awry</qex>, enslaved.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Nothing more <qex>awry</qex> from the law of God and nature

than that a woman should give laws to men.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Aw"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Awesome</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ax</hw>, <hw>Axe</hw>, }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>ax</ets>, <ets>axe</ets>, AS.

<ets>eax</ets>, <ets>\'91x</ets>, <ets>acas</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>akse</ets>, OS. <ets>accus</ets>, OHG. <ets>acchus</ets>, G.

<ets>axt</ets>, Icel. <ets>\'94x</ets>, <ets>\'94xi</ets>, Sw.

<ets>yxe</ets>, Dan. <ets>\'94kse</ets>, Goth. <ets>aqizi</ets>,

Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, L. <ets>ascia</ets>; not akin to E.

<ets>acute</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tool or instrument of steel, or

of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping

and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden

helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same

plane with the blade. The <xex>broadax</xex>, or carpenter's ax,

is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax,

and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.</def>



<note>The ancient <xex>battle-ax</xex> had sometimes a double

edge.</note>



<note><hand/ The word is used adjectively or in combination; as,

<xex>ax</xex>head or <xex>ax</xex> head; <xex>ax</xex> helve;

<xex>ax</xex> handle; <xex>ax</xex> shaft; <xex>ax</xex>-shaped;

<xex>ax</xex>like.</note>



<note>This word was originally spelt with <xex>e</xex>,

<xex>axe</xex>; and so also was nearly every corresponding word

of one syllable: as, <xex>flaxe</xex>, <xex>taxe</xex>,

<xex>waxe</xex>, <xex>sixe</xex>, <xex>mixe</xex>,

<xex>pixe</xex>, <xex>oxe</xex>, <xex>fluxe</xex>, etc. This

superfluous <xex>e</xex> is not dropped; so that, in more than a

hundred words ending in <xex>x</xex>, no one thinks of retaining

the <xex>e</xex> except in <xex>axe</xex>. Analogy requires its

exclusion here.</note>



<note>\'bdThe spelling <xex>ax</xex> is better on every ground,

of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than <xex>axe</xex>, which

has of late become prevalent.\'b8

<au>New English Dict. (Murray).</au></note>



<hw>Ax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>axien</ets> and <ets>asken</ets>. See <er>Ask</er>.]</ety>

<def>To ask; to inquire or inquire of.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is from Saxon, and is as old as the

English language. Formerly it was in good use, but now is

regarded as a vulgarism. It is still dialectic in England, and is

sometimes heard among the uneducated in the United States.

\'bdAnd Pilate <xex>axide</xex> him, Art thou king of Jewis?\'b8

\'bdOr if he <xex>axe</xex>a fish.\'b8 <au>Wyclif.</au> 'bdThe

king <xex>axed</xex> after your Grace's welfare.\'b8 

<au>Pegge.</au></note>



<hw>Ax"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>[See

<er>Axial</er>.]</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Axe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Axe"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

etc.}</mhw> <def>See <er>Ax</er>, <er>Axman</er>.</def>



<hw>Ax"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of

or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an

axis; around an axis.</def>



<q>To take on an <qex>axial</qex>, and not an equatorial,

direction.</q>

<qau>Nichol.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the axis of the

body; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex> skeleton</as>; or to the axis of

any appendage or organ; <as>as, the <ex>axial</ex>

bones</as>.</as></def>



<cs><col>Axial line</col> <fld>(Magnetism)</fld>, <cd>the line

taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a

horseshoe magnet to the other.</cd>



<au>Faraday.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Ax"i*al*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In

relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic)

line.</def>



<hw>Ax"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>axilla</ets>. Cf. <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a

branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it

springs.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ax"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Situated in the

axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a

seed.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ax*il"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Axillae</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The armpit, or the cavity beneath the

junction of the arm and shoulder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An axil.</def>



<hw>Ax"il*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Axillary.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ax"il*la*ries</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ax"il*lars</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the

body, and concealed by the closed wing.</def>



<hw>Ax"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Axil</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the axilla or armpit; <as>as, <ex>axillary</ex>

gland, artery, nerve</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Situated in, or rising from,

an axil; of or pertaining to an axil.</def>

\'bd<xex>Axillary</xex> buds.\'b8



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Ax"i*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named in

allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. <?/ an ax.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime,

commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.</def>



<hw>Ax*in"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>axinomantia</ets>, Gr. <?/ ax + <ets>-mancy</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.</def>



<hw>Ax"i*om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>axioma</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> that which is thought

worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a

principle, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to think worthy, fr. <ets><?/</ets>

worthy, weighing as much as; cf. <ets><?/</ets> to lead, drive,

also to weigh so much: cf F. <ets>axiome</ets>. See

<er>Agent</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic &

Math.)</fld> <def>A self-evident and necessary truth, or a

proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no

reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition

which it is necessary to take for granted; as, \'bdThe whole is

greater than a part;\'b8  \'bdA thing can not, at the same time,

be and not be.\'b8</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An established principle in some art or science,

which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received;

<as>as, the <ex>axioms</ex> of political economy</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Axiom</er>, <er>Maxim</er>, <er>Aphorism</er>,

<er>Adage</er>.</syn> <usage> An <xex>axiom</xex> is a

self-evident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of

reasoning. A <xex>maxim</xex> is a guiding principle sanctioned

by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns

of life. An <xex>aphorism</xex> is a short sentence pithily

expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An

<xex>adage</xex> is a saying of long-established authority and of

universal application.</usage>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature

of an axiom; self-evident; characterized by axioms.</def>

\'bd<xex>Axiomatical</xex> truth.\'b8



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>The stores of <qex>axiomatic</qex> wisdom.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By the use of

axioms; in the form of an axiom.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted deer <spn>(Cervus axis or

Axis maculata)</spn> of India, where it is called <xex>hog

deer</xex> and <xex>parrah</xex> (Moorish name).</def>



<hw>Ax"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Axes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>axis</ets>

axis, axle. See <er>Axle</er>.]</ety> <def> A straight line, real

or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or

may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or

system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A straight line with respect

to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically

arranged; <as>as, the <ex>axis</ex> of a cylinder, <it>i.

e.</it>, the <xex>axis</xex> of a cone, that is, the straight

line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the

<xex>axis</xex> of a circle, any straight line passing through

the center.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The stem; the central part, or

longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the

central line of any body.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The second

vertebra of the neck, or <xex>vertebra dentata</xex>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Also used of the body only of the vertebra,

which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first

vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg

which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn

upon.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>One of several

imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes

by which a crystal is bounded.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>The primary of secondary

central line of any design.</def>



<cs><col>Anticlinal axis</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>a line or

ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite

sides.</cd> -- <col>Synclinal axis</col>, <cd>a line from which

the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a

valley.</cd> -- <col>Axis cylinder</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>,

<cd>the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve

fiber; -- called also <altname>axis band</altname>,

<altname>axial fiber</altname>, and <altname>cylinder

axis</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Axis in peritrochio</col>, <cd>the

wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers.</cd> -- <col>Axis

of a curve</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>a straight line which

bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a

<xex>principal axis<xex>, when cutting them at right angles, in

which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as

in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has

two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of

the ellipse are the <xex>major axis</xex> and the <xex>minor

axis</xex>, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the

<xex>transverse axis</xex> and the <xex>conjugate

axis</xex>.</cd>  -- <col>Axis of a lens</col>, <cd>the straight

line passing through its center and perpendicular to its

surfaces.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of a telescope</col> or

<col>microscope</col></mcol>, <cd>the straight line with which

coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it.</cd> --

<col>Axes of co\'94rdinates in a plane</col>, <cd>to straight

lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for

the purpose of determining their relative position: they are

either rectangular or oblique.</cd> -- <col>Axes of

co\'94rdinates in space</col>, <cd>the three straight lines in

which the co\'94rdinate planes intersect each other.</cd> --

<col>Axis of a balance</col>, <cd>that line about which it

turns.</cd> -- <col>Axis of oscillation</col>, <cd>of a pendulum,

a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates,

and perpendicular to the plane of vibration.</cd> -- <col>Axis of

polarization</col>, <cd>the central line around which the

prismatic rings or curves are arranged.</cd> <au>Brewster</au>.

-- <col>Axis of revolution</col> <fld>(Descriptive Geom.)</fld>,

<cd>a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved,

so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe

circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes

perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution,

and the plane a solid of revolution.</cd> -- <col>Axis of

symmetry</col> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>any line in a plane figure

which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when

folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other

part.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Axis of the equator</col>,

<col>ecliptic</col>, <col>horizon</col> (or other circle

considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies)<mcol>,

<cd>the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the

plane of the circle.</cd> <au>Hutton</au>. -- <col>Axis of the

Ionic capital</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a line passing

perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute.</cd>

-- <col>Neutral axis</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>the line of

demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and

compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a

girder.</cd> -- <col>Optic axis of a crystal</col>, <cd>the

direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double

refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either

<xex>uniaxial</xex> or <xex>biaxial</xex>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Optic axis</col>, <col>Visual axis</col></mcol>

<fld>(Opt.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line passing through the

center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the

eye.</cd> -- <col>Radical axis of two circles</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the straight line perpendicular to the

line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any

point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other.</cd>

-- <col>Spiral axis</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the axis of a

twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the

circumvolutions without.</cd> -- <col>Axis of abscissas</col> and

<col>Axis of ordinates</col>. See <er>Abscissa</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 108  -->



<hw>Ax"le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>axel</ets>, <ets>exel</ets>, shoulder, AS.

<ets><?/axl</ets>; akin to AS. <ets>eax</ets> axle, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>axel</ets> shoulder, ~, G. <ets>achse</ets> axle,

<ets>achsel</ets> shoulder, L. <ets>axis</ets> axle, Gr. <?/,

Skr. <ets>aksha</ets>, L. <ets>axilla</ets> shoulder joint: cf.

F. <ets>essieu</ets>, axle, OF. <ets>aissel</ets>, fr. dim. of L.

<ets>axis</ets>. <?/. Cf. 2d <er>Axis</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which

revolves with a wheel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A transverse bar or shaft connecting the

opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An axis; <as>as, the sun's

<ex>axle</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Had from her <qex>axle</qex> torn

The steadfast earth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note><hand/ Railway axles are called <xex>leading</xex> and

<xex>trailing</xex> from their position in the front or in the

rear of a car or truck respectively.</note>



<hw>Ax"le box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bushing in

the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a

railway axle.</def>



<note><hand/ In railway construction, the axle guard, or

pedestal, with the superincumbent weight, rests on the top of the

box (usually with a spring intervening), and holds it in place by

flanges. The box rests upon the journal bearing and key, which

intervene between the inner top of the box and the axle.</note>



<hw>Ax"led</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an axle;

-- used in composition.</def>



<q>Merlin's agate-<qex>axled</qex> car.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Ax"le guard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The part of the framing

of a railway car or truck, by which an axle box is held

laterally, and in which it may move vertically; -- also called a

<xex>jaw</xex> in the United States, and a <xex>housing</xex> in

England.</def>



<hw>Ax"le*tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>\'94xultr<?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bar or beam of

wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on

the ends of which the wheels revolve.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spindle or axle of a wheel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ax"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Axmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who wields an

ax.</def>



<hw>Ax"min`ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its thick

and soft pile; -- so called from <ets>Axminster</ets>, Eng.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ax"o*lotl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The

native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibian of

the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the

siredon.</def>



<note><hand/ When it breeds in captivity the young develop into

true salamanders of the genus <spn>Amblystoma</spn>. This also

occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native

localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval

state, with persistent external gills. See

<er>Siredon</er>.</note>



<hw>Ax"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly

the natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or

hatchets.</def>



<hw>Ax"tree</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Axle or

axletree.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Ax"unge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>axonge</ets>, L. <ets>axungia</ets>; <ets>axis</ets> wheel +

<ets>ungere</ets> to grease.]</ety> <def>Fat; grease; esp. the

fat of pigs or geese; usually <fld>(Pharm.)</fld>, lard prepared

for medical use.</def>



<hw>Ay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Ah! alas!</def>

\'bd<xex>Ay</xex> me! I fondly dream \'bfHad ye been there.'\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Aye</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8A"yah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>aia</ets>, akin to Sp. <ets>aya</ets> a governess,

<ets>ayo</ets> a tutor.]</ety> <def>A native nurse for children;

also, a lady's maid.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a modification of <ets>yea</ets>, or

from the interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE.

<ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>, why, hey, ay, well, ah, ha. Cf.

MHG. & G. <ets>ei</ets>, Dan. <ets>ej</ets>. Or perh. akin to

<ets>aye</ets> ever.]</ety> <def>Yes; yea; -- a word expressing

assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used

in <xex>viva voce</xex> voting in legislative bodies, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is written <xex>I</xex> in the early

editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.</note>



<hw>Aye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An affirmative

vote; one who votes in the affirmative; <as>as, \'bdTo call for

the <ex>ayes</ex> and noes;\'b8 \'bdThe <ex>ayes</ex> have

it.\'b8</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Aye</hw>, <hw>Ay</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>ei</ets>, <ets>ey</ets>; akin to

AS. <ets>\'be</ets>, <ets>\'bewa</ets>, always, Goth.

<ets>aiws</ets> an age, Icel. <ets>\'91fi</ets>, OHG,

<ets><?/wa</ets>, L. <ets>aevum</ets>, Gr. <?/ an age, <?/, <?/,

ever, always, G. <ets>je</ets>, Skr. <ets><?/va</ets> course.

<?/,<?/. Cf. <er>Age</er>, <ets>v</ets>., <er>Either</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Or</er>, <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety> <def>Always;

ever; continually; for an indefinite time.</def>



<q>For his mercies <qex>aye</qex> endure.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>For aye</col>, <col>always</col></mcol><cd>;

forever; eternally.</cd></cs>



<hw>Aye"-aye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

native name, prob. from its cry.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found

in Madagascar <spn>(Cheiromys Madagascariensis)</spn>, remarkable

for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor

teeth.</def>



<hw>Aye"green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Aye</ets> ever + <ets>green</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The houseleek <spn>(Sempervivum

tectorum)</spn>.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>A*yen"</hw>, <hw>A*yein"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>A*yeins"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>adv. & prep.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <?/, <?/. See <er>Again</er>.]</ety> <def>Again; back

against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>A*yen"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Backward.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ayle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ayel</ets>, <ets>aiel</ets>, OF. <ets>aiol</ets>,

<ets>aiel</ets>, F. <ets>a\'8beul</ets>, a dim. of L.

<ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <def>A grandfather.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Writ of Ayle</col>, <cd>an ancient English writ which

lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of land

of which his grandfather died seized.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ay"me`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>ahi</ets> interj.]</ety> <def>The utterance of the

ejaculation \'bdAy me !\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Ay</er>,

<xex>interj</xex>.</def> \'bd<xex>Aymees</xex> and hearty

heigh-hoes.\'b8



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<hw>A*yond"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[North of Eng.]</mark>



<hw>A*yont"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<def>Beyond.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>A"y*rie</hw>, <hw>A"y*ry</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Aerie</er>.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Ayr"shire</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>One of a superior breed of cattle from

Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and

quality of their milk.</def>



<hw>\'d8A*yun`ta*mi*en"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp., fr. OSp. <ets>ayuntar</ets> to join.]</ety> <def>In

Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of magistrates

in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.</def>



<hw>A*za"le*a</hw> <pr>(?; 97)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Azaleas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

dry, -- so called because supposed to grow best in dry

ground.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of showy flowering

shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false

honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from

Rhododendron.</def>



<hw>Az"a*role</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>azerole</ets>, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar.

<ets>az-zo'r<?/r</ets>: cf. It. <ets>azzeruolo</ets>, Sp.

<ets>acerolo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Neapolitan

medlar <spn>(Crat\'91gus azarolus)</spn>, a shrub of southern

Europe; also, its fruit.</def>



<hw>A*zed"a*rach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>az\'82darac</ets>, Sp. <ets>acederaque</ets>, Pers.

<ets>\'bez\'beddirakht</ets> noble tree.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A handsome Asiatic tree <spn>(Melia

azedarach)</spn>, common in the southern United States; -- called

also, <altname>Pride of India</altname>, <altname>Pride of

China</altname>, and <altname>Bead tree</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The bark of the roots of the

azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic.</def>



<hw>Az"i*muth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>azimut</ets>, F. <ets>azimut</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>as-sum<?/t</ets>, pl. of <ets>as-samt</ets> a way, or perh.,

a point of the horizon and a circle extending to it from the

zenith, <ets>as</ets> being the Arabic article: cf. It.

<ets>azzimutto</ets>, Pg. <ets>azimuth</ets>, and Ar.

<ets>samt-al-r\'be's</ets> the vertex of the heaven. Cf.

<er>Zenith</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron. & Geodesy)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quadrant of an azimuth circle.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An arc of the horizon intercepted between the

meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the

center of any object; <as>as, the <ex>azimuth</ex> of a star; the

<ex>azimuth</ex> or bearing of a line surveying.</as></def>



<note><hand/ In trigonometrical surveying, it is customary to

reckon the azimuth of a line from the south point of the horizon

around by the west from 0<deg/ to 360<deg/.</note>



<cs><mcol><col>Azimuth circle</col>, or <col>Vertical

circle</col></mcol>, <cd>one of the great circles of the sphere

intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the

horizon at right angles.</cd> <au>Hutton</au>. -- <col>Azimuth

compass</col>, <cd>a compass resembling the mariner's compass,

but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and

having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a

heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true

azimuth, the variation of the needle.</cd> -- <col>Azimuth

dial</col>, <cd>a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles

to the plane of the horizon.</cd> <au>Hutton</au>. --

<col>Magnetic azimuth</col>, <cd>an arc of the horizon,

intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any

object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the

object with an azimuth compass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Az"i*muth`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.</def>



<cs><col>Azimuthal error</col> <cd>of a transit instrument, its

deviation in azimuth from the plane of the meridian.</cd></cs>



<hw>Az"o-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Azote</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A combining form of

<xex>azote</xex></def>; <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Applied loosely to

compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides,

nitrates, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Now especially applied to

compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two

hydrocarbon radicals, as in <xex>azo</xex>benzene,

<xex>azo</xex>benzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many

artificial dyes. See <er>Diazo-</er>.</def>



<hw>Az`o*ben"zene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>benzene</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance

(<chform>C6H5.N2.C6H5</chform>) derived from nitrobenzene,

forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible.</def>



<hw>A*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ priv.

+ <?/ life, from <?/ to live.]</ety> <def>Destitute of any

vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to

the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal

life on the globe; <as>as, the <ex>azoic</ex></as>. rocks.</def>



<cs><col>Azoic age</col> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>, <cd>the age

preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the

paleozoic tome. <xex>Azoic<xex> is also used as a noun,

<xex>age<xex> being understood. See <er>Arch\'91an</er>, and

<er>Eozoic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Az`o*le"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Azo-</ets> + <ets>oleic</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to an acid produced by

treating oleic with nitric acid.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>A*zon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ zone, region.]</ety> <def>Confined to no zone or

region; not local.</def>



<hw>A*zo"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Azores.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A

native of the Azores.</def></def2>



<hw>Az"ote</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>azote</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ priv. + <?/ life; -- so named by

Lavoisier because it is incapable of supporting life.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Nitrogen</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Az"oth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>azoch</ets>, <ets>azoth</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>az-zauq</ets>

mercury.]</ety> <fld>(Alchemy)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The first

principle of metals, <it>i. e.</it>, mercury, which was formerly

supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from

them.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The universal remedy of

Paracelsus.</def>



<hw>A*zot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of

azote; nitric; <as>as, <ex>azotic</ex> gas; <ex>azotic</ex>

acid.</as></def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Carpenter.</au>



<hw>Az"o*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous,

acid with a base; a nitrite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Az"o*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Azotized</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Azotizing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms>

<def>To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.</def>



<hw>Az`o*tom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Azote</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for measuring or determining

the proportion of nitrogen; a nitrometer.</def>



<hw>A*zo"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a</pos><def>: Nitrous;

<as>as, <ex>azotous</ex> acid</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Az"tec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating

to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great

plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in

1519.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> One of the Aztec race or

people.</def></def2>



<hw>Az"ure</hw> <pr>(?; 277)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. & OSp.

<ets>azur</ets>, Sp. <ets>azul</ets>, through Ar. from Per.

<ets>l\'bejaward</ets>, or <ets>l\'bejuward</ets>, lapis lazuli,

a blue color, <ets>l\'bejaward\'c6</ets>,

<ets>l\'bejuward\'c6</ets>, azure, cerulean, the initial

<ets>l</ets> having been dropped, perhaps by the influence of the

Ar. <ets>azr-aq</ets> azure, blue. Cf. G. <ets>lasur</ets>,

<ets>lasur</ets>stein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis

<ets>lazuli</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sky-blue; resembling the clear

blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless.</def>



<cs><col>Azure stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the lapis

lazuli; also, the lazulite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The lapis

lazuli.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment

or dye of this color.</def> \'bdIn robes of <xex>azure</xex>.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The blue vault above; the unclouded sky.</def>



<q>Not like those steps

On heaven's <qex>azure</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A blue color, represented in

engraving by horizontal parallel lines.</def>



<hw>Az"ure</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To color blue.</def>



<hw>Az"ured</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of an azure

color; sky-blue.</def> \'bdThe <xex>azured</xex> harebell.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>A*zu"re*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of a fine blue color; azure.</def>



<hw>Az"u*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Azurn</er>.]</ety> <def>Azure.</def>



<hw>Az"u*rine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

blue roach of Europe <spn>(Leuciscus c\'91ruleus)</spn>; -- so

called from its color.</def>



<hw>Az"u*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.</def>



<hw>Az"urn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>azurin</ets>, <ets>asurin</ets>, LL. <ets>azurinus</ets>.

See <er>Azure</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Azure.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thick set with agate, and the <qex>azurn</qex> sheen

Of turkis blue, and emerald green.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Az"y*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/

priv. + <?/ yoke.]</ety> <def>Odd; having no fellow; not one of a

pair; single; <as>as, the <ex>azygous</ex> muscle of the

uvula</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Az"ym</hw>, <hw>Az"yme</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>azyme</ets> unleavened, L.

<ets>azymus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ priv. + <?/ leaven.]</ety>

<def>Unleavened bread.</def>



<hw>A*zym"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Azymous.</def>



<hw>Az"y*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>azymite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who

administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; -- a name of

reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.</def>



<hw>Az"y*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Azym</er>.]</ety> <def>Unleavened; unfermented.</def>

\'bd<xex>Azymous</xex> bread.\'b8



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<-- p. 109  -->



<hw>B</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <def>is the second letter of the English

alphabet. (See <xex>Guide to Pronunciation</xex>,  196,220.)

It is etymologically related to <xex>p</xex> , <xex>v</xex> ,

<xex>f</xex> , <xex>w</xex> and <xex>m</xex> , letters

representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own

sound; as in Eng. <xex>b</xex>ursar and <xex>p</xex>urser; Eng. 

<xex>b</xex>ear and Lat.  <xex>p</xex>ear; Eng. sil<xex>v</xex>er

and Ger.  sil<xex>b</xex>er; Lat. cu<xex>b</xex>itum and It.

go<xex>m</xex>ito; Eng. se<xex>v</xex>en, Anglo-Saxon

seo<xex>f</xex>on, Ger. sie<xex>b</xex>en, Lat.

se<xex>p</xex>tem, Gr.<?/, Sanskrit sa<xex>p</xex>tan. The form

of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (<xex>Beta</xex>), of Semitic

origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital

B.</def>



<note>In <xex>Music</xex>, B is the nominal of the seventh tone

in the model major scale  (the scale of C major ), or of the

second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) .

B<flat/ stands for B flat, the tone a half step , or semitone,

lower than B. In German, B stands for our B<flat/, while our B

natural is called H (pronounced h\'84).</note>



<hw>Ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. 

<ets>baer</ets> to open mouth, F. <ets>baer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

kiss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Baa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>b\'84en</ets>; an imitative word.]</ety> <def>To cry baa, or

bleat as a sheep.</def>



<q>He treble <qex>baas</qex> for help, but none can get.</q>

<qau> Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Baa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Baas</plw></plu>. <ety>[Cf. G.  b\'84.]</ety> <def>The cry

or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.</def>



<hw>Baa"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bleating of a

sheep.</def>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<hw>Ba"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>Heb. pl. 

<plw>Baalim</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Heb.

<ets>ba'al</ets> lord.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>

<def>The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish

nations.</def>



<note><hand/ The name of this god occurs in the Old Testament and

elsewhere with qualifying epithets subjoined, answering to the

different ideas of his character; as, <xex>Baal</xex>-berith (the

Covenant Baal), <xex>Baal</xex>-zebub (Baal of the fly).</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The whole class of divinities

to whom the name Baal was applied.</def>



<au>Judges x. 6.</au>



<hw>Ba"al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Worship of

Baal; idolatry.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba"al*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ba"al*ite</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A worshiper of Baal; a

devotee of any false religion; an idolater.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A kind of plum cake.</def>



<hw>Bab"bitt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To line

with Babbitt metal.</def>



<hw>Bab"bitt met`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From the inventor,

Isaac <ets>Babbitt</ets> of Massachusetts.]</ety> <def>A soft

white alloy of variable composition (as a nine parts of tin to

one of copper, or of fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and

one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.</def>



<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Babbled</er> (<?/);<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Babbling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.LG. <ets>babbeln</ets>,

D. <ets>babbelen</ets>, G. <ets>bappeln</ets>,

<ets>bappern</ets>, F. <ets>babiller</ets>, It.

<ets>babbolare</ets>; prob. orig., to keep saying <ets>ba</ets>,

imitative of a child learning to talk.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly;

to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child

<xex>babbles</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning

words.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To talk much; to chatter; to prate.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow

water running over stones.</def>



<q>In every <qex>babbling</qex> he finds a friend.</q>

<qau> Wordsworth.</qau>



<note><hand/ Hounds are said to <xex>babble</xex>, or to be

<xex>babbling</xex>, when they are too noisy after having found a

good scent.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.</syn>



<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter in

an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words, in a

childish way without understanding.</def>



<q>These [words] he used to <qex>babble</qex> in all

companies.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.</def>



<hw>Bab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Idle talk;

senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle.</def> \'bdThis is mere moral

<xex>babble</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inarticulate speech; constant or confused

murmur.</def>



<q>    The <qex>babble</qex> of our young children.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<q>The <qex>babble</qex> of the stream.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bab"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Babble.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Bab"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets.</def>



<q>    Great <qex>babblers</qex>, or talkers, are not fit for

trust.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hound too noisy on finding a good scent.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to any one of

family <spn>(Timalin\'91)</spn> of thrushlike birds, having a

chattering note.</def>



<hw>Bab"ble*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Babble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Sir T. More</au>



<hw>Babe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir.

<ets>bab</ets>, <ets>baban</ets>, W. <ets>baban</ets>,

<ets>maban</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An infant; a young child of either sex; a

baby.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A doll for children.</def>



<au> Spenser.</au>



<hw>Babe"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Babyhood.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Ba"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>B\'bebel</ets>, the name of the capital of Babylonia; in

Genesis associated with the idea of \'bdconfusion\'b8]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where

the confusion of languages took place.</def>



<q>Therefore is the name of it called <qex>Babel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gen. xi. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A place or scene of noise and confusion;

a confused mixture of sounds, as of voices or languages.</def>



<q>That <qex>babel</qex> of strange heathen languages.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<q>The grinding <qex>babel</qex> of the street</q>.

<qau>R. L. Stevenson.</qau>



<hw>Bab"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. orig.

for <ets>baboonery</ets>. Cf. <er>Baboon</er>, and also

<er>Babe</er>.]</ety> <def>Finery of a kind to please a

child.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdPainted

<xex>babery</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba"bi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ba"bi*on</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Baboon</er>]</ety>

<def>A baboon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bab"il*lard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

babbler.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lesser whitethroat

of Europe; -- called also <altname>babbling

warbler</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bab"ing*ton*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

Dr. <ets>Babbington</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in

angle, and of a greenish black color.  It is a silicate of iron,

manganese, and lime.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bab`i*rous"sa</hw>,

<hw>\'d8Bab`i*rus"sa</hw>}</mhw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>babiroussa</ets>, fr.Malay <ets>b\'beb\'c6</ets>

hog + <ets>r<?/sa</ets> deer.]</ety> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A

large hoglike quadruped (<spn>Sus, or Porcus, babirussa</spn>) of

the East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its

upper canine teeth or tusks are large and recurved.</def>



<hw>Bab"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a babe; a

childish; babyish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Babish</xex>

imbecility.\'b8 Drayton. -- <wordforms><wf>Bab"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Bab"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bab"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Bab</ets> (Pers. <ets>bab</ets> a gate), the title assumed

by the founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed.]</ety> <def>The doctrine of a

modern religious sect, which originated in Persia in 1843, being

a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish and Parsee

elements.</def>



<hw>Bab"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A believer in Babism.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bab"lah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Per.

<ets>bab<?/l</ets> a species of mimosa yielding gum

arabic.]</ety> <def>The ring of the fruit of several East Indian

species of acacia; neb-neb. It contains gallic acid and tannin,

and is used for dyeing drab.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ba"boo</hw>, <hw>\'d8Ba"bu</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'beb<?/</ets>

]</ety> <def>A Hindoo gentleman; native clerk who writes English;

also, a Hindoo title answering to <xex>Mr</xex>.  or

<xex>Esquire</xex>.</def>



<au>Whitworth.</au>



<hw>Bab*oon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>babewin</ets>, <ets>baboin</ets>, fr.F. <ets>babouin</ets>,

or LL. <ets>babewynus</ets>. Of unknown origin; cf. D.

<ets>baviaan</ets>, G. <ets>pavian</ets>, <ets>baboon</ets>, F.

<ets>babin</ets> lip of ape, dogs, etc., dial. G.

<ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera

<xex>Cynocephalus</xex> and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons

have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a

short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are

mostly African. See <er>Mandrill</er>, and <er>Chacma</er>, and

<er>Drill</er> an ape.</def>



<hw>Bab*oon"ery</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Baboonish

behavior.</def>



<au> Marryat.</au>



<hw>Bab*oon"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a baboon.</def>



<hw>Ba"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Babies</plw></plu>. <ety>[Dim. of <ets>babe</ets>]</ety>

<def> An infant or young child of either sex; a babe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small image of an infant; a doll.</def>



<cs><col>Babies in the eyes</col>, <cd>the minute reflection

which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another.</cd></cs>



<q>She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses,

Toyed with his locks, looked <qex>babies in his eyes</qex>.</q>

<qau> Heywood.</qau>



<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or resembling,

an infant; young or little; <as>as, <ex>baby</ex>

swans</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Baby</xex> figure\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Ba"by</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Babied</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos><er>Babying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat like a young

child; to keep dependent; to humor; to fondle.</def>



<au> Young.</au>



<hw>Ba"by farm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A place where the

nourishment and care of babies are offered for hire.</def>



<hw>Ba"by farm`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One who keeps a baby

farm.</def>



<hw>Ba"by farm`ing</hw>. <def>The business of keeping a baby

farm.</def>



<hw>Ba"by*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

period of infancy.</def>



<hw>Ba"by*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A place

for children's dolls and dolls' furniture.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Ba"by*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a baby; childish;

puerile; simple.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba"by*ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Ba"by*ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ba"by*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being a baby.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A babyish manner of acting or speaking.</def>



<hw>Ba"by jump`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A hoop suspended by an

elastic strap, in which a young child may be held secure while

amusing itself by jumping on the floor.</def>



<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the

ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.</def>



<hw>Bab`y*lo"ni*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

inhabitant of Babylonia  (which included Chaldea); a

Chaldean.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An astrologer; -- so called because the

Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bab`y*lon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bab`y*lon"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as

<xex>Babylonic</xex> garments,carpets, or hangings.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Tumultuous; disorderly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Sir J. Harrington.</au>



<hw>Bab"y*lo`nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to, or made in, Babylon or Babylonia.</def>

\'bdA <xex>Babylonish</xex> garment.\'b8



<au> Josh. vii. 21.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to the Babylon of

<xex>Revelation</xex> xiv.8.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Pertaining to Rome and papal power.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The . . . injurious nickname of <qex>Babylonish</qex>.</q>

<qau> Gape.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Confused; Babel-like.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bab`y*rous"sa</hw>, <hw>\'d8Bab`y*rus"sa</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Babyroussa</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba"by*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being a baby; the personality of an infant.</def>



<hw>Bac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Back</er> a vat]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad, flatbottomed ferryboat, usually worked

by a rope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vat or cistern. See 1st <er>Back</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac"ca*lau"re*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>baccalaureatus</ets>, fr.LL. <ets>baccalaureus</ets> a

bachelor of arts, fr. <ets>baccalarius</ets>, but as if fr L.

<ets>bacca lauri</ets> bayberry, from the practice of the

bachelor's wearing a garland of bayberries. See

<er>Bachelor</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.),

the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities

and colleges.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A baccalaureate sermon.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bac`ca*lau"re*ate</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to a

bachelor of arts.</def>



<cs><col>Baccalaureate sermon</col>, <cd>in some American

colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a

graduating class.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bac`ca*ra"</hw>, <hw>Bac`ca*rat"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A French game of

cards, played by a banker and punters.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bac*ca"re</hw>, <hw>Bac*ka"re</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Stand back! give place! --

a cant word of the Elizabethan writers, probably in ridicule of

some person who pretended to a knowledge of Latin which he did

not possess.</def>



<q><qex>Baccare</qex>! you are marvelous forward.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bac"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>baccatus</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets> berry.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pulpy throughout, like a berry; -- said of

fruits.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bac"ca*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having many berries.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Set or adorned with pearls.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Bacchanalis</ets>. See <er>Bacchanalia</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to Bacchus or his festival.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous

or noisy.</def>



<hw>Bac"cha*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels;

one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser.</def>

\'bdTipsy <xex>bacchanals</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The festival of Bacchus; the

bacchanalia.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Drunken revelry; an orgy.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bac`cha*na"li*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>Bacchanal</ets> a place devoted to Bacchus; in the

pl. <ets>Bacchanalia</ets> a feast of Bacchus, fr.

<ets>Bacchus</ets> the god of wine, Gr. <?/]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>A feast or an orgy in honor

of Bacchus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A drunken feast; drunken reveler.</def>



<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to

reveling and drunkenness.</def>



<q>Even <qex>bacchanalian</qex> madness has its charms.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Bac`aha*na"li*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bacchanal; a

drunken reveler.</def>



<hw>Bac`cha*na"li*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The practice of bacchanalians; bacchanals; drunken

revelry.</def>



<hw>Bac"chant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;   <plu>pl.   E.

<plw>Bacchants</plw>,   L. <plw>Bacchantes</plw></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>bacchans</ets>, <ets>-antis</ets>, p.  pr.  of

<ets>bacchari</ets>   to celebrate the festival of

Bacchus.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A priest of Bacchus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bacchanal; a reveler.</def>



<au>Croly.</au>



<hw>Bac"chant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bacchanalian; fond of

drunken revelry; wine-loving; reveling; carousing.</def>



<au> Byron.</au>



<hw>Bac"chante</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>L. pl.

<plw>Bacchantes</plw>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A priestess of

Bacchus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A female bacchanal.</def>



<hw>Bac*chan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bacchanalian.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bac"chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bac"chic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Bacchicus</ets>, Gr. <?/]</ety> <def>Of or relating to

Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with intoxication.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bac*chi"us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bacchii</plw></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>Bacchius</ets> pes, Gr.

<?/ (sc. <?/ foot).]</ety> <fld>(Pros.)</fld> <def>A metrical

foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; according to

some, two long and a short.</def>



<hw>Bac"chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<?/]</ety> <fld>(Myth.)</fld> <def>The god of wine, son of

Jupiter and Semele.</def>



<hw>Bac*cif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>baccifer</ets>; <ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear]</ety> <def>Producing berries.</def> \'bd

<xex>Bacciferous</xex> trees.\'b8



<au> Ray.</au>



<hw>Bac"ci*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>-form</ets>. ]</ety> <def>Having

the form of a berry.</def>



<hw>Bac*civ"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bacca</ets> berry + <ets>varare</ets> to devour.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Eating, or subsisting on, berries;

<as>as, <ex>baccivorous</ex> birds</as>.</def>



<hw>Bace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n., a., & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Base</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{<hw>Bach"a*rach</hw>, <hw>Back"a*rack</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of wine made at

<ets>Bacharach</ets> on the Rhine.</def>



<hw>Bache"e*lor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bacheler</ets> young man, F. <ets>bachelier</ets>  (cf.Pr.

<ets>bacalar</ets>, Sp.<ets>bachiller</ets>, Pg.

<ets>bacharel</ets>, It. <ets>baccalare</ets>), LL.

<ets>baccalarius</ets> the tenant of a kind of farm called

<ets>baccalaria</ets>, a soldier not old or rich enough to lead

his retainers into battle with a banner, person of an inferior

academical degree aspiring to a doctorate.  In the latter sense,

it was afterward changed to baccalaureus. See

<er>Baccalaureate</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man of any age who has not been married.</def>



<q>As merry and mellow an old <qex>bachelor</qex> as ever

followed a hound.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An unmarried woman.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<-- p. 110  -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person who has taken the first or lowest

degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a

college or university; <as>as, a <ex>bachelor</ex> of

arts</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A knight who had no standard of his own, but

fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young

knight.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In the companies of London tradesmen, one not

yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of bass, an edible

fresh-water fish <spn>(Pomoxys annularis)</spn> of the southern

United States.</def>



<hw>Bach"e*lor*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of bachelorhood; the whole body of bachelors.</def>



<hw>Bach"e*lor*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.</def>



<hw>Bach"e*lor*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Bachelorhood; also, a manner or peculiarity belonging to

bachelors.</def>



<au> W. Irving.</au>



<hw>Bach"e*lor's but"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> A plant with flowers shaped like buttons;

especially, several species of <spn>Ranunculus</spn>, and the

cornflower (<spn>Centaures cyanus</spn>) and globe amaranth

<spn>(Gomphrena)</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bachelor's buttons</xex>, a name given to

several flowers \'bdfrom their similitude to the jagged cloathe

buttons, anciently worne in this kingdom\'b8, according to

Johnson's <au>Gerarde, p.472 (1633)</au>; but by other writers

ascribed to \'bda habit of country fellows to carry them in their

pockets to divine their success with their sweethearts.\'b8



<au> Dr. Prior.</au>

</note>



<hw>Bach"e*lor*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

bachelor.</def>



<hw>Bach"el*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bachelerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The body of young aspirants

for knighthood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Ba*cil"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bacillum</ets> little staff.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Shaped like a rod or staff.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bac"il*la`ri*\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr.L. <ets>bacillum</ets>, dim. of <ets>baculum</ets>

stick.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>See <er>Diatom</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac"il*la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to little rods; rod-shaped.</def>



<hw>Ba*cil"li*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bacillum</ets> little staff + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Rod-shaped.</def>



<hw>Ba*cil"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bacilli</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[NL., for L.

<xex>bacillum</xex>. See <er>Bacillarle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A variety of bacterium; a microscopic,

rod-shaped vegetable organism.</def>



<hw>Back</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bac</ets>: cf. Arm. <ets>bak</ets> tray, bowl.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used

by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others,

for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Hop back</col>, <col>Jack back</col></mcol>,

<cd>the cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from

the copper.</cd> --  <col>Wash back</col>, <cd>a vat in which

distillers ferment the wort to form wash.</cd> -- <col>Water

back</col>, <cd>a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small

cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the

fire box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates

and is heated.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ferryboat.  See <er>Bac</er>, 1</def>



<hw>Back</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As

<ets>b\'91c</ets>, <ets>bac</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., & LG.

<ets>bak</ets>, Dan. <ets>bag</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bahho</ets>

ham, Skr. <ets>bhaj</ets> to turn, OSlav. <ets>b<?/g<?/</ets>

flight. Cf. <er>Bacon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In human

beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the neck to

the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body

which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being;

<as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a horse, fish, or

lobster</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extended upper part, as of a mountain or

ridge.</def>



<q>[The mountains] their broad bare <qex>backs</qex> upheave

Into the clouds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed

to the inner or lower part; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of the

hand, the <ex>back</ex> of the foot, the <ex>back</ex> of a hand

rail</as>.</def>



<q>Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this,

Gave me your hands, the <qex>backs</qex> and palms to kiss.</q>

<qau> Donne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The part opposed to the front; the hinder or

rear part of a thing; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a book; the

<ex>back</ex> of an army; the <ex>back</ex> of a

chimney.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The part opposite to, or most remote from, that

which fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or

not generally seen; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of an island, of a

hill, or of a village</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side

from its edge; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> of a knife, or of a

saw</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A support or resource in reserve.</def>



<q>This project

Should have a <qex>back</qex> or second, that might hold,

If this should blast in proof.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The keel and keelson of a

ship.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The upper part of a lode, or

the roof of a horizontal underground passage.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A garment for the back; hence, clothing.</def>



<q>A <qex>bak</qex> to walken inne by daylight.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<cs><col>Behind one's back</col>, <cd>when one is absent; without

one's knowledge; <as>as, to ridicule a person <ex>behind his

back</ex></as></cd>. -- <mcol><col>Full back</col>, <col>Half

back</col>, <col>Quarter back</col></mcol> (<fld>Football</fld>),

<cd>players stationed behind those in the front line</cd>. --

<col>To be or lie on one's back</col>, <cd>to be helpless</cd>.

-- <mcol><col>To put</col>, <col>or get</col>, <col>one's back

up</col></mcol>, <cd>to assume an attitude of obstinate

resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked.)</cd>.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To see the back of</col>, <cd>to

get rid of</cd>.  -- <col>To turn the back</col>, <cd>to go away;

to flee</cd>. -- <col>To turn the back on one</col>, <cd>to

forsake or neglect him.</cd></cs>



<hw>Back</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being at the back

or in the rear; distant; remote; <as>as, the <ex>back</ex> door;

<ex>back</ex> settlements.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being in arrear; overdue; <as>as, <ex>back</ex>

rent</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Moving or operating backward; <as>as,

<ex>back</ex> action</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Back charges</col>, <cd>charges brought forward after an

account has been made up.</cd> -- <col>Back filling</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the mass of materials used in filling up

the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces

of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault.</cd>  -- 

<col>Back pressure</col>. <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Pressure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Back rest</col>, <cd>a guide

attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and placed in contact with

the work, to steady it in turning.</cd> -- <col>Back slang</col>,

<cd>a kind of slang in which every word is written or pronounced

backwards; as, <xex>nam</xex> for <xex>man</xex>.</cd> --

<col>Back stairs</col>, <cd>stairs in the back part of a house;

private stairs.  Also used adjectively. See <er>Back stairs</er>,

<er>Backstairs</er>, and <er>Backstair</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Back step</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without

changing front.</cd> -- <col>Back stream</col>, <cd>a current

running against the main current of a stream; an eddy.</cd>  -- 

<col>To take the back track</col>, <cd>to retrace one's steps; to

retreat.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Back</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Backed</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Backing</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To get upon the back of; to mount.</def>



<q>I will <qex>back</qex> him [a horse] straight.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place or seat upon the back.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Great Jupiter, upon his eagle <qex>backed</qex>,

Appeared to me.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat

or recede; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex> oxen</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make a back for; to furnish with a back;

<as>as, to <ex>back</ex> books</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.</def>



<q>A garden . . . with a vineyard <qex>backed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The chalk cliffs which <qex>back</qex> the beach.</q>

<qau>Huxley.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To write upon the back of; <as>as, to

<ex>back</ex> a letter</as>; to indorse; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex>

a note or legal document</as>.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen

by aid or influence; <as>as, to <ex>back</ex>   a

friend</as>.</def> \'bdParliament would be <xex>backed</xex> by

the people.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>Have still found it necessary to <qex>back</qex> and fortify

their laws with rewards and punishments.</q>

<qau> South.</qau>



<q>The mate <qex>backed</qex> the captain manfully.</q>

<qau> Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To bet on the success of; -- as, to

<xex>back</xex> a race horse.</def>



<cs><col>To back an anchor</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to lay

down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small

one being fastened to the crown of the large one.</cd> -- <col>To

back the field</col>, <cd>in horse racing, to bet against a

particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other

horses, collectively designated \'bdthe field\'b8, will win.</cd>

-- <col>To back the oars</col>, <cd>to row backward with the

oars.</cd>  -- <col>To back a rope</col>, <cd>to put on a

preventer.</cd> -- <col>To back the sails</col>, <cd>to arrange

them so as to cause the ship to move astern.</cd>  -- <col>To

back up</col>, <cd>to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's

friends.</cd> -- <col>To back a warrant</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>is for a justice of the peace, in the county where the

warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued

in another county, to apprehend an offender.</cd> -- <col>To back

water</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,  <cd>to reverse the action of the

oars, paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship

backward.</cd></cs>



<hw>Back</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or go

backward; <as>as, the horse refuses to <ex>back</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To change from one quarter to

another by a course opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the

wind.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To stand still behind

another dog which has poined; -- said of a dog.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>To back and fill</col>, <cd>to manage the sails of a

ship so that the wind strikes them alternately in front and

behind, in order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or

channel while the current or tide carries the vessel against the

wind.</cd>  Hence: (<xex>Fig</xex>.) <cd>To take opposite

positions alternately; to assert and deny.</cd> 

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To back out</col>, <col>To

back down</col></mcol>, <cd>to retreat or withdraw from a

promise, engagement, or contest; to recede.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<q>Cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding that he

[Nicias] was in earnest, he tried to <qex>back out</qex>.</q>

<qau> Jowett (Thucyd. )</qau>



<hw>Back</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Shortened from

<ets>aback</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In, to, or toward, the

rear; <as>as, to stand <ex>back</ex>; to step

<ex>back</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To the place from which one came; to the place

or person from which something is taken or derived; <as>as, to go

<ex>back</ex> for something left behind; to go <ex>back</ex> to

one's native place; to put a book <ex>back</ex> after reading

it.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To a former state, condition, or station;

<as>as, to go <ex>back</ex> to private life; to go <ex>back</ex>

to barbarism.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>( Of time) In times past; ago.</def> \'bdSixty

or seventy years <xex>back</xex>.\'b8



<au> Gladstone.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Away from contact; by reverse movement.</def>



<q>The angel of the Lord . . . came, and rolled <qex>back</qex>

the stone from the door.</q>

<qau> Matt. xxvii. 2.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>In concealment or reserve; in one's own

possession; <as>as, to keep <ex>back</ex> the truth; to keep

<ex>back</ex> part of the money due to another.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>In a state of restraint or hindrance.</def>



<q>The Lord hath kept thee <qex>back</qex> from honor.</q>

<qau> Numb. xxiv. 11.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>In return, repayment, or requital.</def>



<q>What have I to give you <qex>back</qex>!</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or

undertaking; <as>as, he took <ex>back</ex>0 the offensive

words</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>In arrear; <as>as, to be <ex>back</ex> in one's

rent</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Back and forth</col>, <cd>backwards and forwards; to and

fro.</cd>  --  <col>To go back on</col>, <cd>to turn back from;

to abandon; to betray; <as>as, <ex>to go back on<ex> a friend;

<ex>to go back on<ex> one's professions</as>.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Back"a*rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bacharach</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac*ka"re</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Baccare</er>.</def>



<hw>Back"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2nd

<ets>back</ets> ,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>band</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>The band which passes over the back of

a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.</def>



<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[2nd <ets>back</ets>,

n., + <ets>bite</ets>]</ety> <def>To wound by clandestine

detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (as absent person);

to slander or speak evil of (one absent).</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Back"bite`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To censure or revile

the absent.</def>



<q>They are arrant knaves, and will <qex>backbite</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Back"bit`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.</def>



<hw>Back"bit`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Secret

slander; detraction.</def>



<q><qex>Backbiting</qex>, and bearing of false witness.</q>

<qau>Piers Plowman.</qau>



<hw>Back"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2nd

<ets>back</ets>, n. + <ets>board</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A board which supports the back wen one is

sitting;</def>



<note>specifically, the board athwart the after part of a

boat.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board serving as the back part of anything, as

of a wagon.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin stuff used for the backs of framed

pictures, mirrors, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to

prevent the water from running off the floats or paddies into the

interior of the wheel.</def>



<au> W. Nicholson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A board worn across the back to give erectness

to the figure.</def>



<au> Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Back"bond`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>bond</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>An instrument which, in conjunction

with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a

trust.</def>



<hw>Back"bone"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>back</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>bone</ets>. ]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The column of bones in the back which sustains

and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or

spinal column.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything like , or serving the purpose of, a

backbone.</def>



<q>The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic

axis, or <qex>backbone</qex> of the country.</q>

<qau> Darwin.</qau>



<q>We have now come to the <qex>backbone</qex> of our

subject.</q>

<qau> Earle.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.</def>



<q>Shelley's thought never had any <qex>backbone</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shairp.</qau>



<cs><col>To the backbone</col>, <cd>through and through;

thoroughly; entirely.</cd>  \'bdStaunch <xex>to the

backbone<xex>.\'b8



<au>Lord Lytton.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Back"boned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Vertebrate.</def>



<hw>Back"cast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.+  <ets>cast</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure

in an effort or enterprise; a reverse.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Back" door"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A door in the back part

of a building; hence, an indirect way.</def>



<au> Atterbury.</au>



<hw>Back"door"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Acting from behind and in

concealment; as <xex>backdoor</xex> intrigues.</def>



<hw>Back"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A receding

or giving up; a complete      surrender.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Backed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a back;

fitted with a back; <as>as, a <ex>backed</ex> electrotype or

stereotype plate</as>.  Used in composition; <as>as, broad-

<ex>backed</ex>; hump-<ex>backed</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Back"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in

a contest.</def>



<hw>Back"fall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2nd

<ets>back</ets> ,n. + <ets>fall</ets>]</ety> <def>A fall or throw

on the back in wrestling.</def>



<hw>Back"friend`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>or adv. +

<ets>friend</ets>]</ety> <def>A secret enemy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> South.</au>



<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

unknown; perhaps fr.Dan. <ets>bakke</ets> tray +  E.

<ets>game</ets>; or very likely the first part is from

E.<ets>back</ets>, adv., and the game is so called because the

men are often set <ets>back</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game of chance

and skill, played by two persons on a \'bdboard\'b8 marked off

into twenty-four spaces called \'bdpoints\'b8. Each player has

fifteen pieces, or \'bdmen\'b8, the movements of which from point

to point are determined by throwing dice.  Formerly called

<xex>tables</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Backgammon board</col> , <cd>a board for playing

backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays

hinged together, each tray containing two

\'bdtables\'b8.</cd></cs>



<hw>Back"gam`mon</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>In the game of

backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear

of his first \'bdtable\'b8.</def>



<hw>Back"ground`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>ground</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Ground in the rear or behind, or in the

distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in

front.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The space which is behind

and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.</def>



<note><hand/ The distance in a picture is usually divided into

foreground, middle distance, and <xex>background</xex>.</note>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything behind, serving as a foil; <as>as, the

statue had a <ex>background</ex> of red hangings</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of

sight.</def>



<q>I fancy there was a <qex>background</qex> of grinding and

waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished . .

. performance.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Alexander.</qau>



<q>A husband somewhere in the <qex>background</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Back"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is

from left to right.</def>



<hw>Back"hand`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sloping from

left to right; -- said of handwriting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Backhanded; indirect; oblique.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Back"hand`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With the

hand turned backward; <as>as, a <ex>backhanded</ex>

blow</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; <as>as,

a <ex>backhanded</ex> compliment</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Turned back, or inclining to the left; <as>as, a

<ex>backhanded</ex> letters</as>.</def>



<hw>Back"hand`ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>   <def>State   of being

backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.</def>



<hw>Back"hand`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

backhanded blow.</def>



<hw>Back"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  + <ets>house</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a

necessary.</def>



<hw>Back"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is behind, and forms the back of,

anything, usually giving strength or stability.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Support or aid given to a person or cause.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bookbinding)</fld> <def>The preparation of the

back of a book with glue, etc., before putting on the

cover.</def>



<hw>Back"joint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , a. or adv. + <ets>joint</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A rebate or chase in masonry left to

receive a permanent slab or other filling.</def>



<hw>Back"lash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv. + <ets>lash</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The distance through which one part of

connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved

without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in

fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused

in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a

reverse of motion.</def>



<hw>Back"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a back.</def>



<hw>Back"log`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>log</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large

stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<q>There was first a <qex>backlog</qex>, from fifteen to four and

twenty inches in diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the

ashes.</q>

<qau> S. G. Goodrich.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Back"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Back"plate`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>or a. +  <ets>piece</ets>,

<ets>plate</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A piece, or plate which forms the

back of anything, or which covers the back; armor for the

back.</def>



<-- p. 111  -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Back"rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Back"rag</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bacharach</er>.</def>



<hw>Backs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.  pl.</pos> <def>Among

leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.</def>



<hw>Back"saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>back</ets>,n.+ <ets>saw</ets>.]</ety> <def>A saw (as a tenon

saw) whose blade is stiffened by an added metallic back.</def>



<hw>Back"set`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>   

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  +   <ets>set</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a

setback.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever is thrown back in its course, as

water.</def>



<q>Slackwater, or the <qex>backset</qex> caused by the

overflow.</q>

<qau>Harper's Mag.</qau>



<hw>Back"set`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To plow again, in the

fall;  -- said of prairie land broken up in the spring.</def>

<mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Back"set"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a.  +  <ets>settler</ets>.]</ety> <def>One

living in the back or outlying districts of a community.</def>



<q>The English <qex>backsettlers</qex> of Leinster and

Munster.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Back"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>\'d8Back"shish`</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers.

<ets>bakhsh\'c6sh</ets>, fr.  <ets>bakhsh\'c6dan</ets> to

give.]</ety> <def>In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a

\'bdtip\'b8.</def>



<hw>Back"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. + <ets>side</ets>. ]</ety> <def>The

hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Backside</xex> (one word) was formerly used of

the rear part or side of any thing or place, but in such senses

is now two words.</note>



<hw>Back"sight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.  + <ets>sight</ets>. ]</ety>

<fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>The reading of the leveling staff in its

unchanged position when the leveling instrument has been taken to

a new position; a sight directed backwards to a station

previously occupied.  Cf. <er>Foresight</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

3.</def>



<hw>Back`slide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>  

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Backslid</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p.p.</pos> <er>Backslidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,   

<er>Backslid</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. 

<er>Backsliding</er>. ]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets> , adv.+

<ets>slide</ets>.]</ety> <def>To slide back; to fall away; esp.

to abandon gradually the faith and practice of a religion that

has been professed.</def>









<hw>Back"slid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

backslides.</def>



<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Slipping back; falling

back into sin or error; sinning.</def>



<q>Turn, O <qex>backsliding</qex> children, saith the Lord.</q>

<qau>Jer. iii. 14.</qau>



<hw>Back"slid"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of one who

backslides; abandonment of faith or duty.</def>



<q>Our <qex>backslidings</qex> are many.</q>

<qau>Jer. xiv. 7.</qau>



<hw>Back"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly

bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant;  -- so

called because the observer turned his back to the body

observed.</def>



<hw>Back" stairs`</hw>. <def>Stairs in the back part of a house,

as distinguished from the <xex>front stairs</xex>; hence, a

private or indirect way.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Back"stairs`</hw>, <hw>Back"stair`</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if

finding access by the back stairs.</def>



<q>A <qex>backstairs</qex> influence.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Female caprice and <qex>backstairs</qex> influence.</q>

<qau>Trevelyan.</qau>



<hw>Back"stay`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or<pos>n.</pos>+

<ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship,

slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the

mast.</def> <mark>[ Often used in the plural.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rope or strap used to prevent excessive

forward motion.</def>



<hw>Back"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A backer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Back"stitch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv. +  <ets>stitch</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last

stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.</def>



<hw>Back"stitch`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sew with

backstitches; <as>as, to <ex>backstitch</ex> a seam</as>.</def>



<hw>Back"stress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Back"sword`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>back</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>sword</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sword with one sharp edge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In   England, a stick with a basket handle, used

in rustic amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used. 

Also called <xex>singlestick</xex>.</def>



<au> Halliwell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Back"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Back"wards</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, adv.

+  <ets>-ward</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>With the back in

advance or foremost; <as>as, to ride

<ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Toward the back; toward the rear; <as>as, to

throw the arms <ex>backward</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>On the back, or with the back downward.</def>



<q>Thou wilt fall <qex>backward</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Toward, or in, past time or events; ago.</def>



<q>Some reigns <qex>backward</qex>.</q>

<qau> Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>By way of reflection; reflexively.</def>



<au> Sir J. Davies.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>From a better to a worse state, as from honor to

shame, from religion to sin.</def>



<q>The work went <qex>backward</qex>.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or

direction; contrarily; <as>as, to read

<ex>backwards</ex></as>.</def>



<q>We might have . . . beat them <qex>backward</qex> home.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Directed to

the back or rear; <as>as, <ex>backward</ex> glances</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating;

loath.</def>



<q>For wiser brutes were <qex>backward</qex> to be slaves.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not well advanced in learning; not quick of

apprehension; dull; inapt; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex>

child</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>backward</xex> learner.\'b8



<au> South.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Late or behindhand; <as>as, a <ex>backward</ex>

season</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped;

<as>as, the country or region is in a <ex>backward</ex>

state</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Already past or gone; bygone.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>And flies unconscious o'er each <qex>backward</qex> year.</q>

<qau> Byron.</qau>



<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state behind or

past.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In the dark <qex>backward</qex> and abysm of time.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Back"ward</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To keep back; to

hinder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Back`war*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Backward</ets>, v.i.+  <ets>-ation</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The seller's postponement of

delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon

payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid.

See <er>Contango</er>.</def>



<au> Biddle.</au>



<hw>Back"ward*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Reluctantly; slowly; aversely.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Perversely; ill.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And does he think so <qex>backwardly</qex> of me?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Back"ward*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

backward.</def>



<hw>Back"wash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To clean

the oil from (wood) after combing.</def>



<hw>Back"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. or adv. +  <ets>-ward</ets>. ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Water turned back in its course by an

obstruction, an opposing current , or the flow of the tide, as in

a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An accumulation of water overflowing the low

lands, caused by an obstruction.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Water thrown back by the turning of a

waterwheel, or by the paddle wheels of a steamer.</def>



<hw>Back"woods"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.  pl.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Back</ets>, a. +  <ets>woods</ets>.]</ety> <def>The

forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.</def>



<hw>Back"woods"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Backwoodsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A men living

in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the

western frontiers of the older portions of the United

States.</def>



<au>Fisher Ames.</au>



<hw>Back"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d

<ets>back</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>worm</ets>. ]</ety> <def>A

disease of hawks. See <er>Filanders</er>.</def>



<au> Wright.</au>



<hw>Ba"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bacon</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bacho</ets>, <ets>bahho</ets>,

flitch of bacon, ham; akin to E. <ets>back</ets>.  Cf. 

<ets>Back</ets> the back side.]</ety> <def>The back and sides of

a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or

fresh.</def>



<cs><col>Bacon beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle 

(<spn>Dermestes lardarius</spn>) which, especially in the larval

state, feeds upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See

<er>Dermestes</er>.</cd> --  <col>To save one's bacon</col>,

<cd>to save one's self or property from harm or less.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Ba*co"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy.</def>



<cs><col>Baconian method</col>, <cd>the inductive method. See

<er>Induction</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.p.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bacterium</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bacteria.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Destructive of bacteria.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets>   +  L.   <ets>caedere</ets> to

kill]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Germicide</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*o*log`ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  

<def>Of or pertaining to bacteriology; <as>as,

<ex>bacteriological</ex> studies</as>.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled in

bacteriology.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>. ]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The science relating to bacteria.</def>



<hw>Bac*te`ri*o*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>Relating   to   bacterioscopy; <as>as,

a <ex>bacterioscopic</ex> examination</as>.</def>



<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*pist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld>   <def>One   skilled   in    bacterioscopic

examinations.</def>



<hw>Bac*te`ri*os"co*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> + <ets>-scopy</ets> ]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The application of a knowledge of

bacteria for their detection and identification, as in the

examination of polluted water.</def>



<hw>Bac*te"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>Bacteria</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr.

Gr.<ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, a staff: cf. F.

<ets>bact\'82rie</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A

microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Alg\'91,

usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in

putrefying organic infusions.  Bacteria are destitute of

chlorophyll, and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They

are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous

rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Certain species are

active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the

cause of certain infectious diseases. See

<er>Bacillus</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bac"te*roid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bac`te*roid"al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>   <ety>[<ets>Bacterium</ets> 

+ <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Resembling

bacteria; <as>as, <ex>bacteroid</ex> particles</as>.</def>



<hw>Bac"tri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bactria in Asia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> 

<def>A native of Bactria.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Bactrian camel</col>, <cd>the two-humped

camel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bac"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bascule</er>.</def>



<hw>Bac"u*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. 

<ets>baculum</ets> staff.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the rod

or punishment with the rod.</def>



<hw>Bac"u*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>baculune</ets> stick, staff; cf. F.

<ets>baculite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A

cephalopod of the extinct genus <xex>Baculites</xex>, found

fossil in the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled

ammonite.</def>



<hw>Bac`u*lom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>   <ety>[L.

<ets>baculum</ets> staff  +  <ets>-metry</ets>]</ety>

<def>Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or

staffs.</def>



<hw>Bad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of <er>Bid</er>. 

Bade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Worse</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;  

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Worst</er> <pr>(?)</pr>. ]</wordforms>

<ety>[Probably fr. AS.  <ets>b\'91ddel</ets> hermaphrodite; cf. 

<ets>b\'91dling</ets> effeminate fellow.]</ety> <def>Wanting good

qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful,

inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective,

either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked;  -- the

opposite of <xex>good</xex>; as a <xex>bad</xex> man;  

<xex>bad</xex> conduct; <xex>bad</xex> habits; <xex>bad</xex>

soil; <xex>bad</xex> health; <xex>bad</xex> crop; <xex>bad</xex>

news.</def>



<note>Sometimes used substantively.</note>



<q>The strong antipathy of good to <qex>bad</qex>.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful;

injurious; hurtful; evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked;

vicious; imperfect.</syn>



<hw>Bad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>compar.</pos> of

<er>Bad</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bad"der*locks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

for <ets>Balderlocks</ets>, fr. <ets>Balder</ets> the

Scandinavian deity.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A large black

seaweed <spn>(Alaria esculenta)</spn> sometimes eaten in Europe;

-- also called <altname>murlins</altname>,

<altname>honeyware</altname>, and

<altname>henware</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bad"dish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat bad;

inferior.</def>



<au> Jeffrey.</au>



<hw>Bade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A form of the pat tense of

<er>Bid</er>.</def>



<hw>Badge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. 

<ets>bagea</ets>, <ets>bagia</ets>,   sign, prob.  of German

origin; cf. AS. <ets>be\'a0g</ets>, <ets>be\'a0h</ets>, bracelet,

collar, crown, OS <ets>b<?/g-</ets> in comp., AS.

<ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bow, bend, G.  <ets>biegen</ets>. See

<er>Bow</er> to bend.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A distinctive mark,

token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the person; <as>as, the

<ex>badge</ex> of a society; the <ex>badge</ex> of a

policeman.</as></def>  \'bdTax gatherers, recognized by their

official <xex>badges</xex>. \'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something characteristic; a mark; a token.</def>



<q>Sweet mercy is nobility's true <qex>badge</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A carved ornament on the

stern of a vessel, containing a window or the representation of

one.</def>



<hw>Badge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mark or

distinguish with a badge.</def>



<hw>Badge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no badge.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Badg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain

origin; perh. fr. an old verb <ets>badge</ets> to lay up

provisions to sell again.]</ety> <def>An itinerant licensed

dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; --

formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place

and sold it in another.</def> <mark>[Now dialectic, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bageard</ets>,

prob. fr. <ets>badge</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>, in reference to the

white mark on its forehead. See

<er>Badge</er>,<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

carnivorous quadruped of the genus <spn>Meles</spn> or of an

allied genus.  It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs,

and long claws on the fore feet.  One species <spn>(M. 

vulgaris)</spn>, called also <altname>brock</altname>, inhabits

the north of Europe and Asia; another species <spn>(Taxidea

Americana or Labradorica)</spn> inhabits the northern parts of

North America. See <er>Teledu</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brush made of badgers' hair, used by

artists.</def>



<cs><col>Badger dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Dachshund</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Badg"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Badgered</er> (<?/);<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Badgering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For sense 1, see 2d

<er>Badger</er>; for 2, see 1st <er>Badger</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to

worry or irritate persistently.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to

bargain.</def>



<hw>Badg"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who badgers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of dog used in badger baiting.</def>



<hw>Badg"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

one who badgers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice of buying wheat and other kinds of

food in one place and selling them in another for a profit.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Badg"er-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to have.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bad`i*a"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>badiaga</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fresh-water sponge <fld>(Spongilla)</fld>, common in the north of

Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks

of bruises.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.<ets>badiane</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>b\'bedi\'ben</ets>

anise.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An evergreen Chinese shrub

of the Magnolia family <spn>(Illicium anisatum)</spn>, and its

aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.</def>



<hw>Ba*di"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A cement or paste (as of plaster and freestone, or of

sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and

workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, or finish

a surface.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba`di`nage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, OF. to trifle, be silly, fr.

<ets>badin</ets> silly.]</ety> <def>Playful raillery;

banter.</def> \'bdHe . . . indulged himself only in an elegant

<xex>badinage</xex>.\'b8



<au>Warburton.</au>



<hw>Bad" lands"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Barren regions,

especially in the western United States, where horizontal strata

(Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into fantastic forms,

and much intersected by canons, and where lack of wood, water,

and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the country,

whence the name, first given by the Canadian French,

<xex>Mauvaises Terres</xex> (bad lands).</def>



<hw>Bad"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bad manner; poorly;

not well; unskillfully; imperfectly; unfortunately; grievously;

so as to cause harm; disagreeably; seriously.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Badly</xex> is often used colloquially for

<xex>very much</xex> or <xex>very greatly</xex>, with words

signifying <xex>to want</xex> or <xex>need</xex>.</note>



<hw>Bad"min*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

name of the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in England.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with

shuttlecocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A preparation of claret, spiced and

sweetened.</def>



<hw>Bad"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

bad.</def>



<hw>\'d8B\'91"no*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> to walk + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the somites (arthromeres) that

make up the thorax of Arthropods.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>B\'91"no*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

to walk + <ets>-pod</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One

of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.</def>



<hw>\'d8B\'91"no*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ to walk + <ets>-some</ets> body.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The thorax of Arthropods.</def>



<au>Packard.</au>



<hw>Baff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blow; a

stroke.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>H. Miller.</au>



<hw>Baf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Baffled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Baffling</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Lowland Scotch

<ets>bauchle</ets> to treat contemptuously, <ets>bauch</ets>

tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. <ets>b\'begr</ets> uneasy, poor,

or <ets>b\'begr</ets>, n., struggle, <ets>b\'91gja</ets> to push,

treat harshly, OF. <ets>beffler</ets>, <ets>beffer</ets>, to

mock, deceive, dial. G. <ets>b\'84ppe</ets> mouth,

<ets>beffen</ets> to bark, chide.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as

a recreant knight.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He by the heels him hung upon a tree,

And <qex>baffled</qex> so, that all which passed by

The picture of his punishment might see.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to

foil.</def>



<q>The art that <qex>baffles</qex> time's tyrannic claim.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To check by perplexing; to disconcert,

frustrate, or defeat; to thwart.</def> \'bdA <xex>baffled</xex>

purpose.\'b8



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<q>A suitable scripture ready to repel and <qex>baffle</qex> them

all.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Calculations so difficult as to have <qex>baffled</qex>, until

within a . . . recent period, the most enlightened nations.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>The mere intricacy of a question should not <qex>baffle</qex>

us.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<cs><col>Baffling wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>one that

frequently shifts from one point to another.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.</syn>



<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To practice

deceit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To struggle against in vain; <as>as, a ship

<ex>baffles</ex> with the winds</as>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Baf"fle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A defeat by artifice,

shifts, and turns; discomfiture.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>baffle</xex> to philosophy.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Baf"fle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration;

check.</def>



<hw>Baf"fler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, baffles.</def>



<-- p. 112  -->



<hw>Baf"fling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Frustrating;

discomfiting; disconcerting; as, <xex>baffling</xex> currents,

winds, tasks.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bafflingly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Bafflingness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Baft</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bafta</er>.</def>



<hw>Baf"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Per.

<ets>baft</ets>. woven, wrought.]</ety> <def>A coarse stuff,

usually of cotton, originally made in India. Also, an imitation

of this fabric made for export.</def>



<hw>Bag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bagge</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>baggi</ets>, and also OF.

<ets>bague</ets>, bundle, LL. <ets>baga</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; <as>as, a

<ex>bag</ex> of meal or of money</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies,

containing some fluid or other substance; <as>as, the

<ex>bag</ex> of poison in the mouth of some serpents; the

<ex>bag</ex> of a cow.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's

hair behind, by way of ornament.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The quantity of game bagged.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A certain quantity of a

commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack;

<as>as, a <ex>bag</ex> of pepper or hops; a <ex>bag</ex> of

coffee.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bag and baggage</col>, <cd>all that belongs to one.</cd>

-- <col>To give one the bag</col>, <cd>to disappoint him.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Bunyan.</au>



<hw>Bag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bagged</er>(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bagging</er>]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into a bag;

<as>as, to <ex>bag</ex> hops</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To seize, capture, or entrap; <as>as, to

<ex>bag</ex> an army; to <ex>bag</ex> game.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish or load with a bag or with a well

filled bag.</def>



<q>A bee <qex>bagged</qex> with his honeyed venom.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bag</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell or hang

down like a full bag; <as>as, the skin <ex>bags</ex> from

containing morbid matter</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To swell with arrogance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To become pregnant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).</au>



<hw>\'d8Ba*gasse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Sugar cane, as it <?/omes crushed from the

mill. It is then dried and used as fuel. Also extended to the

refuse of beetroot sugar.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bag`a*telle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. It. <ets>bagatella</ets>; cf. Prov. It. <ets>bagata</ets>

trifle, OF. <ets>bague</ets>, Pr. <ets>bagua</ets>, bundle. See

<er>Bag</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A trifle; a

thing of no importance.</def>



<q>Rich trifles, serious <qex>bagatelles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A game played on an oblong board, having, at one

end, cups or arches into or through which balls are to be driven

by a rod held in the hand of the player.</def>



<hw>Bag"gage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bagage</ets>, from OF. <ets>bague</ets> bungle. In senses 6

and 7 cf. F. <ets>bagasse</ets> a prostitute. See <er>Bag</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The clothes, tents,

utensils, and provisions of an army.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe term itself is made to apply chiefly to

articles of clothing and to small personal effects.\'b8</note>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The trunks, valises, satchels, etc., which a

traveler carries with him on a journey; luggage.</def>



<q>The baronet's <qex>baggage</qex> on the roof of the coach.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<q>We saw our <qex>baggage</qex> following below.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<note><hand/ The English usually call this

<xex>luggage</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Purulent matter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Barrough.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Trashy talk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A man of bad character.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A woman of loose morals; a prostitute.</def>



<q>A disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French

<qex>baggage</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A romping, saucy girl.</def>

<mark>[Playful]</mark>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Bag"gage mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One who has charge

of the baggage at a railway station or upon a line of public

travel.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bag"ga*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

takes care of baggage; a camp follower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bag"ga*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

\'bdfem. of <ets>baghl</ets> a mule.\'b8

<ets>Balfour</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted

Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in Indian Ocean.</def>



<hw>Bag"gi*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a loose,

baggy way.</def>



<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cloth or other

material for bags.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of putting anything into, or as into, a

bag.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of swelling; swelling.</def>



<hw>Bag"ging</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol. uncertain.]</ety>

<def>Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping

stroke.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bag"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; <as>as,

<ex>baggy</ex> trousers; <ex>baggy</ex> cheeks.</as></def>



<hw>Bag"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bagmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A commercial

traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and

tradesmen.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bag" net`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A bag-shaped net for

catching fish.</def>



<hw>Bagn"io</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>bagno</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bain</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A house for bathing,

sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison for slaves.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brothel; a stew; a house of

prostitution.</def>



<hw>Bag"pipe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A musical wind

instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of Scotland.</def>



<note><hand/ It consists of a leather bag, which receives the air

by a tube that is stopped by a valve; and three sounding pipes,

into which the air is pressed by the performer. Two of these

pipes produce fixed tones, namely, the bass, or key tone, and its

fifth, and form together what is called the <xex>drone</xex>; the

third, or <xex>chanter</xex>, gives the melody.</note>



<hw>Bag"pipe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make to look like a

bagpipe.</def>



<cs><col>To bagpipe the mizzen</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to

lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging.</cd>



<au>Totten.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Bag"pip`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

plays on a bagpipe; a piper.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bag"reef`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bag</ets> + <ets>reef</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef

of topsails.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bague</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

ring]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The annular molding or group

of moldings dividing a long shaft or clustered column into two or

more parts.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba*guet"</hw>, <hw>Ba*guette"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>baguette</ets>, prop. a

rod<?/ It. <ets>bacchetta</ets>, fr. L. <ets>baculum</ets>,

<ets>baculu<?/</ets> stick, staff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding, like the astragal, but

smaller; a bead.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>One of the minute bodies

seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after

conjugation.</def>



<hw>Bag"wig"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A wig, in use

in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of the head in a

bag.</def>



<hw>Bag"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of several lepidopterous insects

which construct, in the larval state, a baglike case which they

carry about for protection. One species <spn>(Plat\'d2ceticus

Gloveri)</spn> feeds on the orange tree. See <er>Basket

worm</er>.</def>



<hw>Bah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <def>An exclamation

expressive of extreme contempt.</def>



<q>Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, <qex>Bah</qex>!

was utterly unknown to the English public.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ba*har"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>bah\'ber</ets>, from <ets>bahara</ets> to charge with a

load.]</ety> <def>A weight used in certain parts of the East

Indies, varying considerably in different localities, the range

being from 223 to 625 pounds.</def>



<hw>Baigne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>baigner</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>

bath.]</ety> <def>To soak or drench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>baille</ets> a bucket, pail; cf. LL. <ets>bacula</ets>, dim.

of <ets>bacca</ets> a sort of vessel. Cf. <er>Bac</er>.]</ety>

<def>A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>bail</qex> of a canoe . . . made of a human

skull.</q>

<qau>Capt. Cook.</qau>



<hw>Bail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bailed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bailing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lade; to dip

and throw; -- usually with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>bail</ex> water out of a boat</as>.</def>



<q>Buckets . . . to <qex>bail</qex> out the water.</q>

<qau>Capt. J. Smith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dip or lade water from; -- often with

<xex>out</xex> to express completeness; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex>

a boat</as>.</def>



<q>By the help of a small bucket and our hats we

<qex>bailed</qex> her out.</q>

<qau>R. H. Dana, Jr.</qau>



<hw>Bail</hw>, <pos>v.<?/t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>bailler</ets> to

give, to deliver, fr. L. <ets>bajulare</ets> to bear a burden,

keep in custody, fr. <ets>bajulus</ets> <?/ who bears

burdens.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To deliver; to release.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to

<qex>bail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To set free, or

deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of

some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible

for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person

bailed.</def>



<note><hand/ The word is applied to the magistrate or the surety.

The magistrate <xex>bails</xex> (but <xex>admits to bail</xex> is

commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment

upon bond given with sureties. The surety <xex>bails</xex> a

person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond

for his appearance.</note>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special

object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that

the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee,

or person intrusted; <as>as, to <ex>bail</ex> cloth to a tailor

to be made into a garment; to <ex>bail</ex> goods to a

carrier</as>.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Kent.</au>



<hw>Bail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets> guardian,

administrator, fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets>. See <er>Bail</er> to

deliver.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Custody; keeping.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Silly Faunus now within their <qex>bail</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The person or

persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of

the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his

appearance in court.</def>



<q>The <qex>bail</qex> must be real, substantial bondsmen.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<q>A. and B. were <qex>bail</qex> to the arrest in a suit at

law.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The security given for the appearance of a

prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the

officer; <as>as, the man is out on <ex>bail</ex>; to go

<ex>bail</ex> for any one</as>.</def>



<q>Excessive <qex>bail</qex> ought not to be required.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Bail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>beyl</ets>; cf. Dan.

<ets>b\'94ile</ets> an bending, ring, hoop, Sw.

<ets>b\'94gel</ets>, <ets>bygel</ets>, and Icel. <ets>beyla</ets>

hump, swelling, akin to E. <ets>bow</ets> to bend.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar

vessel, usually movable.</def>



<au>Forby.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A half hoop for supporting the cover of a

carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.</def>



<hw>Bail</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>bail</ets>,

<ets>baille</ets>. See <er>Bailey</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

(Usually <pluf>pl.</pluf>) <def>A line of palisades serving as an

exterior defense.</def>  <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bayle</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The

space inclosed by it; the outer court.</def>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A certain limit within a forest.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A division for the stalls of an open

stable.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>The top or cross piece ( or

either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.</def>



<hw>Bail"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail,

upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons.</def> \'bdHe's

<xex>bailable</xex>, I'm sure.\'b8



<au>Ford.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Admitting of bail; <as>as, a <ex>bailable</ex>

offense</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That can be delivered in trust; <as>as,

<ex>bailable</ex> goods</as>.</def>



<hw>Bail" bond`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to

insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the

writ.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Special bail in court to abide the

judgment.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Bail`ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>baill\'82</ets>, p.p. of <ets>bailler</ets>. See

<er>Bail</er> to deliver.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The person

to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary

possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of

the trust.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ In penal statutes the word includes those who

receive goods for another in good faith.</note>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Bail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bailor</er>.</def>



<hw>Bail"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who bails or

lades.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing;

a machine for bailing water out of a pit.</def>



<hw>Bai"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word

as <ets>bail</ets> line of palisades; cf. LL. <ets>ballium</ets>

bailey, OF. <ets>bail</ets>, <ets>baille</ets>, a palisade,

<ets>baillier</ets> to inclose, shut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

outer wall of a feudal castle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The space immediately within the outer wall of a

castle or fortress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain

proper names; <as>as, the <ex>Old Bailey</ex> in London; the

<ex>New Bailey</ex> in Manchester.</as></def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<hw>Bail"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bailiff</er>.]</ety> <def>An officer in Scotland, whose

office formerly corresponded to that of sheriff, but now

corresponds to that of an English alderman.</def>



<hw>Bail"iff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>baillif</ets>, F. <ets>bailli</ets>, custodia<?/ magistrate,

fr. L. <ets>bajulus</ets> porter. See <er>Bail</er> to

deliver.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a person put in charge of something

especially, a chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a

county, town, hundred, or castle; one to whom power<?/ of custody

or care are intrusted.</def>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<q>Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a

<qex>bailiff</qex> sent every three years from the senate.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A sheriff's deputy,

appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries,

etc.</def>



<note><hand/ In American law the term <xex>bailiff</xex> is

seldom used except sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or

constable, or a party liable to account to another for the rent

and profits of real estate.</note>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An overseer or under steward of an estate, who

directs husbandry operations, collects rents, etc.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bail"iff*wick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bailiwick</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bail"i*wick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bailie</ets>, <ets>bailiff</ets> + <ets>wick</ets> a

village.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The precincts within which

a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's

authority.</def>



<hw>Bail"lie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bailiff.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Bailie</er>.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bail"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The action of bailing a person

accused.</def>



<q><qex>Bailment</qex> . . . is the saving or delivery of a man

out of prison before he hath satisfied the law.</q>

<qau>Dalton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A delivery of goods or money by

one person to another in trust, for some special purpose, upon a

contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be

faithfully executed.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ In a general sense it is sometimes used as

comprehending all duties in respect to property.</note>



<au>Story.</au>



<hw>Bail`or"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.</def>



<hw>Bail"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>A piece of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance or

bail bond.</def>



<hw>Bain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bain</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bagnio</er>.]</ety> <def>A bath; a bagnio.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bain`-ma`rie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A vessel for holding hot water in which

another vessel may be heated without scorching its contents; --

used for warming or preparing food or pharmaceutical

preparations.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bai"ram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>ba\'8br\'bem</ets>.]</ety> <def>The name of two Mohammedan

festivals, of which one is held at the close of the fast called

Ramadan, and the other seventy days after the fast.</def>



<hw>Bairn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>bairn</ets>, AS. <ets>bearn</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to

bear; akin to Icel., OS., &Goth. <ets>barn</ets>. See

<er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety> <def>A child.</def> <mark>[Scot.

& Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q>Has he not well provided for the <qex>bairn</qex> !</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Baise"mains`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>baiser</ets> to kiss + <ets>mains</ets> hands.]</ety>

<def>Respects; compliments.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>beita</ets> food, <ets>beit</ets> pasture, akin to AS.

<ets>b\'bet</ets> food, Sw. <ets>bete</ets>. See <er>Bait</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any substance, esp.

food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them

to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which allures; a lure; enticement;

temptation.</def>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment

taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A light or hasty luncheon.</def>



<cs><col>Bait bug</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a crustacean of

the genus <spn>Hippa<spn> found burrowing in sandy beaches. See

<er>Anomura</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bait</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Baited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Baiting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>baiten</ets>,

<ets>beit<?/n</ets>, to feed, harass, fr. Icel. <ets>beita</ets>,

orig. to cause to bite, fr. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>. <root/87.  See

<er>Bite</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or

torment for sport; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> a bear with dogs; to

<ex>bait</ex> a bull.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the

road; <as>as, to <ex>bait</ex> horses</as>.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or

hook.</def>



<q>A crooked pin . . . <qex>bailed</qex> with a vile

earthworm.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bait</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To stop to take a portion of

food and drink for refreshment of one's self or one's beasts, on

a journey.</def>



<q>Evil news rides post, while good news <qex>baits</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence

<qex>baiting</qex> a<?/ Newmarket.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Bait</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>battre de

l'aile</ets> (or <ets>des ailes</ets>), to flap o<?/ flutter. See

<er>Batter</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To flap the wings;

to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops

to her prey.</def> \'bdKites that <xex>bait</xex> and beat.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bait"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who baits;

a tormentor.</def>



<hw>Baize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>bayes</ets>, pl. fr. OF. <ets>baie</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>bai</ets> bay-colored. See <er>Bay</er> a color.]</ety>

<def>A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in

plain colors.</def>



<q>A new black <qex>baize</qex> waistcoat lined with silk.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Ba*joc"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

<ets>bajo</ets> brown, bay, from its color.]</ety> <def>A small

cooper coin formerly current in the Roman States, worth about a

cent and a half.</def>



<hw>Bake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.& p. p.</pos> <er>Baked</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. <er>Baking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>bacan</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bakken</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bacchan</ets>, G. <ets>backen</ets>, Icel. & Sw.

<ets>baca</ets>, Dan. <ets>bage</ets>, Gr. <?/ to roast.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat,

either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal;

<as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bread, meat, apples</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Baking</xex> is the term usually applied to

that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more

than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between

roasting and baking is not always observed.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to

heat, <as>as, to <ex>bake</ex> bricks; the sun <ex>bakes</ex> the

ground.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To harden by cold.</def>



<q>The earth . . . is <qex>baked</qex> with frost.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>They <qex>bake</qex> their sides upon the cold, hard

stone.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Bake</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To do the work

of baking something; <as>as, she brews, washes, and

<ex>bakes</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat;

<as>as, the bread <ex>bakes</ex>; the ground <ex>bakes</ex> in

the hot sun.</as></def>



<hw>Bake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process, or result, of

baking.</def>



<hw>Bake"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'91ch<?/s</ets>. See <er>Bak<?/</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,

and <er>House</er>.]</ety> <def>A house for baking; a

bakery.</def>



<-- p. 113  -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Bake"meat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Baked"-meat`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pie; baked food.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gen. xl. 17. Shak.</au>



<hw>Bak"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bake</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs. or. Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'91cere</ets>. See <er>Bake</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A portable oven in which baking is done.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>A baker's dozen</col>, <cd>thirteen.</cd> -- <col>Baker

foot</col>, <cd>a distorted foot. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Jer.

Taylor</au>.</cd> -- <col>Baker's itch</col>, <cd>a rash on the

back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of

yeast.</cd> -- <col>Baker's salt</col>, <cd>the subcarbonate of

ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making

bread.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bak"er-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

legs that bend inward at the knees.</def>



<hw>Bak"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The trade of a baker.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.</def>



<hw>Bak"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and hardening by heat

or cold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity baked at once; a batch; <as>as, a

<ex>baking</ex> of bread</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Baking powder</col>, <cd>a substitute for yeast, usually

consisting of an acid, a carbonate, and a little farinaceous

matter.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bak"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a hot or baking

manner.</def>



<hw>Bak"is*tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Baxter</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bak"sheesh`</hw>, <hw>Bak"shish`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Backsheesh</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba"laam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A paragraph

describing something wonderful, used to fill out a newspaper

column; -- an allusion to the miracle of Balaam's ass

speaking.</def> <au>Numb. xxii. 30</au>. <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<cs><col>Balaam basket or box</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>the

receptacle for rejected articles.</cd></cs>



<au>Blackw. Mag.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bal"a*chong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>b\'belach\'ben</ets>.]</ety> <def>A condiment formed of

small fishes or shrimps, pounded up with salt and spices, and

then dried. It is much esteemed in China.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal`\'91*noi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from L. <ets>balaena</ets> whale +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A division of

the Cetacea, including the right whale and all other whales

having the mouth fringed with baleen. See <er>Baleen</er>.</def>



<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>balaunce</ets>, F. <ets>balance</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bilan<?/</ets>, <ets>bilancis</ets>, having two scales;

<ets>bis</ets> twice (akin to E. <ets>two</ets>) +

<ets>lanx</ets> plate, scale.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

apparatus for weighing.</def>



<note><hand/ In its simplest form, a balance consists of a beam

or lever supported exactly in the middle, having two scales or

basins of equal weight suspended from its extremities. Another

form is that of the <xex>Roman balance</xex>, our steelyard,

consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its

extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides.

The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing

bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform

scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a

spring.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Act of weighing mentally; comparison;

estimate.</def>



<q>A fair <qex>balance</qex> of the advantages on either

side.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Equipoise between the weights in opposite

scales.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium;

even adjustment; steadiness.</def>



<q>And hung a bottle on each side

To make his <qex>balance</qex> true.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>The order and <qex>balance</qex> of the country were

destroyed.</q>

<qau>Buckle.</qau>



<q>English workmen completely lose their <qex>balance</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. S. Mill.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An equality between the sums total of the two

sides of an account; <as>as, to bring one's accounts to a

<ex>balance</ex></as>; -- also, the excess on either side;

<as>as, the <ex>balance</ex> of an account</as>.</def> \'bd A

<xex>balance</xex> at the banker's. \'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<q>I still think the <qex>balance</qex> of probabilities leans

towards the account given in the text.</q>

<qau> J. Peile.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Horol.)</fld> <def>A balance wheel, as of a

watch, or clock. See <er>Balance wheel</er> (in the

Vocabulary).</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

constellation <xex>Libra</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

seventh sign in the Zodiac, called <xex>Libra</xex>, which the

sun enters at the equinox in September.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A movement in dancing. See <er>Balance</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>, S.</def>



<cs><col>Balance electrometer</col>, <cd>a kind of balance, with

a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one

arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified

surfaces.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Balance fish</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <cd>See <er>Hammerhead</er>.</cd> --

<col>Balance knife</col>, <cd>a carving or table knife the handle

of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact

with the table.</cd> -- <col>Balance of power</col>.

<fld>(Politics)</fld>, <cd>such an adjustment of power among

sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere

with the independence of the others; international equilibrium;

also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state)

to control the relations between sovereign states or between

dominant parties in a state.</cd> -- <col>Balance sheet</col>

<fld>(Bookkeeping)</fld>, <cd>a paper showing the balances of the

open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances

footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the

balances correctly taken.</cd> -- <col>Balance thermometer</col>,

<cd>a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of

the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the

aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used

for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed

artificially, and as a fire alarm.</cd> -- <col>Balance of

torsion</col>. <cd>See <er>Torsion Balance</er>.</cd> --

<col>Balance of trade</col> <fld>(Pol. Econ.)</fld>, <cd>an

equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports

of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side

or the other to make such an equilibrium.</cd> -- <col>Balance

valve</col>, <cd>a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the

fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the

valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is

made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides.

See <er>Puppet valve</er>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic

balance</col>. <cd>See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> --

<col>To lay in balance</col>, <cd>to put up as a pledge or

security.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. -- <col>To

strike a balance</col>, <cd>to find out the difference between

the debit and credit sides of an account.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Balanced</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Balancing</er> (<?/).]</wordforms>

<ety>[From <er>Balance</er>, <pos>n.</pos>: cf. F.

<ets>balancer</ets>. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bring to an

equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights;

to weigh in a balance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from

falling; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a plate on the end of a

cane; to <ex>balance</ex> one's self on a tight rope.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To equal in number, weight, force, or

proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or

neutralize.</def>



<q>One expression . . . must check and <qex>balance</qex>

another.</q>

<qau>Kent.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To compare in relative force, importance, value,

etc.; to estimate.</def>



<q><qex>Balance</qex> the good and evil of things.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two

accounts equal by paying the difference between them.</def>



<q>I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to

<qex>balance</qex> accounts with my Maker.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To make the sums of the debits and credits of an

account equal; -- said of an item; <as>as, this payment, or

credit, <ex>balances</ex> the account</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum

total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits;

<as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> a set of books</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward, and then

back from, reciprocally; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex>

partners</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To contract, as a sail, into

a narrower compass; <as>as, to <ex>balance</ex> the boom

mainsail</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Balanced valve</col>. <cd>See <er>Balance valve</er>,

under <er>Balance</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize;

equalize.</syn>



<hw>Bal"ance</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have

equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; <as>as, the scales

<ex>balance</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fluctuate between motives which appear of

equal force; to waver; to hesitate.</def>



<q>He would not <qex>balance</qex> or err in the determination of

his choice.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>To move toward a person or

couple, and then back.</def>



<hw>Bal"ance*a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as

can be balanced.</def>



<hw>Bal"ance*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even adjustment

of forces.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Bal"an*cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who balances, or uses a balance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In Diptera, the

rudimentary posterior wing.</def>



<hw>Bal"ance*reef`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The last reef in a fore-and-aft sail,

taken to steady the ship.</def>



<hw>Bal"ance wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Horology)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A wheel which regulates

the beats or pulses of a watch or chronometer, answering to the

pendulum of a clock; -- often called simply a

<altname>balance</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

ratchet-shaped scape wheel, which in some watches is acted upon

by the axis of the balance wheel proper (in those watches called

a <xex>balance</xex>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A wheel which imparts

regularity to the movements of any engine or machine; a fly

wheel.</def>



<hw>Bal`a*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balanus</ets> acorn + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Bearing or producing acorns.</def>



<hw>Bal"a*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balanus</ets> acorn: cf. F. <ets>balanite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A fossil balanoid shell.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal`a*no*glos"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ acorn + <?/ tongue.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A peculiar marine worm. See

<er>Enteropneusta</er>, and <er>Tornaria</er>.</def>



<hw>Bal"a*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

acorn + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Resembling an acorn; -- applied to a group of barnacles

having shells shaped like acorns. See <er>Acornshell</er>, and

<er>Barnacle</er>.</def>



<hw>Bal"as ru`by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE. <ets>bales</ets>,

<ets>balais</ets>, F. <ets>balais</ets>, LL. <ets>balascus</ets>,

fr. Ar. <ets>balakhsh</ets>, so called from

<ets>Badakhshan</ets>, <ets>Balashan</ets>, or

<ets>Balaxiam</ets>, a place in the neighborhood of Samarcand,

where this ruby is found.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety

of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. See

<er>Spinel</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba*laus"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balaustium</ets>, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

pomegranate tree <spn>(Punica granatum)</spn>. The bark of the

root, the rind of the fruit, and the flowers are used

medicinally.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bal*bu"ti*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bal*bu"ci*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>balbutire</ets>, fr. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering:

cf. F. <ets>balbutier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To stammer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bal*bu"ti*es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The defect of stammering; also, a kind of

incomplete pronunciation.</def>



<hw>Bal"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

balcony.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pepys.</au>



<hw>Bal"co*nied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

balconies.</def>



<hw>Bal"co*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Balconies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It.

<ets>balcone</ets>; cf. It. <ets>balco</ets>, <ets>palco</ets>,

scaffold, fr. OHG. <ets>balcho</ets>, <ets>pa<?/cho</ets>, beam,

G. <ets>balken</ets>. See <er>Balk</er> beam.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A platform projecting from the wall of a

building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed

by a parapet; <as>as, a <ex>balcony</ex> in front of a

window</as>. Also, a projecting gallery in places of amusement;

<as>as, the <ex>balcony</ex> in a theater</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A projecting gallery once common at the stern of

large ships.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe accent has shifted from the second to the

first syllable within these twenty years.\'b8</note>



<au>Smart (1836).</au>



<hw>Bald</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>balled</ets>, <ets>ballid</ets>, perh. the p.p. of

<ets>ball</ets> to reduce to the roundness or smoothness of a

ball, by removing hair. <root/85.  But cf. W. <ets>bali</ets>

whiteness in a horse's forehead.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or

top, as of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; <as>as, a

<ex>bald</ex> head; a <ex>bald</ex> oak.</as></def>



<q>On the <qex>bald</qex> top of an eminence.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare;

literal.</def>



<q>In the preface to his own <qex>bald</qex> translation.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Undisguised.</def> \'bd <xex>Bald</xex>

egotism.\'b8



<au>Lowell.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Destitute of dignity or value; paltry;

mean.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Destitute of a beard or awn;

<as>as, <ex>bald</ex> wheat</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Destitute of

the natural covering.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Marked with a white

spot on the head; bald-faced.</def>



<cs><col>Bald buzzard</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

fishhawk or osprey.</cd> -- <col>Bald coot</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name of the European coot

<spn>(Fulica atra)</spn>, alluding to the bare patch on the front

of the head.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal"da*chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>baldachinus</ets>, <ets>baldechinus</ets>, a canopy of rich

silk carried over the host; fr. <ets>Bagdad</ets>, It.

<ets>Baldacco</ets>, a city in Turkish Asia from whence these

rich silks came: cf. It. <ets>baldacchino</ets>. Cf.

<er>Baudekin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rich brocade;

baudekin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A structure in form of a

canopy, sometimes supported by columns, and sometimes suspended

from the roof or projecting from the wall; generally placed over

an altar; <as>as, the <ex>baldachin</ex> in St</as>.

Peter's.</def>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>A portable canopy borne over shrines, etc., in

procession.</def>



<altsp>[Written also <asp>baldachino</asp>, <asp>baldaquin</asp>,

etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Bald" ea"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The white-headed eagle <spn>(Hali\'91etus

leucocephalus)</spn> of America. The young, until several years

old, lack the white feathers on the head.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>bald eagle</xex> is represented in the coat

of arms, and on the coins, of the United States.</note>



<hw>Bal"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>Baldr</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bold</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Scan.

Myth.)</fld> <def>The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the 

god of peace; the son of Odin and Freya.</def>  <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Baldur</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of

uncertain origin: cf. Dan. <ets>balder</ets> noise, clatter, and

E. <ets>dash</ets>; hence, perhaps, unmeaning noise, then

hodgepodge, mixture; or W. <ets>baldorduss</ets> a prattling,

<ets>baldordd</ets>, <ets>baldorddi</ets>, to prattle.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A worthless mixture, especially of

liquors.</def>



<q>Indeed beer, by a mixture of wine, hath lost both name and

nature, and is called <qex>balderdash</qex>.</q>

<qau>Taylor (Drink and Welcome).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>Senseless jargon; ribaldry; nonsense;

trash.</def>



<hw>Bal"der*dash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mix

or adulterate, as liquors.</def>



<q>The wine merchants of Nice brew and <qex>balderdash</qex>, and

even

mix it with pigeon's dung and quicklime.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<hw>Bald"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

white face or a white mark on the face, as a stag.</def>



<hw>Bald"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A person whose head is bald.</def>



<au>2 Kings ii. 23.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A white-headed variety of

pigeon.</def>



<hw>Bald"head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a bald

head.</def>



<hw>Bald"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Nakedly; without reserve;

inelegantly.</def>



<hw>Bald"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or condition of

being bald; <as>as, <ex>baldness</ex> of the head;

<ex>baldness</ex> of style.</as></def>



<q>This gives to their syntax a peculiar character of simplicity

and <qex>baldness</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. D. Whitney.</qau>



<hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A baldheaded person.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American widgeon

<spn>(Anas Americana)</spn>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bald"pate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bald"pat`ed</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of hair on the

head; baldheaded.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bald"rib`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of

pork cut lower down than the sparerib, and destitute of

fat.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Bal"dric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baudric</ets>, <ets>bawdrik</ets>, through OF. (cf. F.

<ets>baudrier</ets> and LL. <ets>baldringus</ets>,

<ets>baldrellus</ets>), from OHG. <ets>balderich</ets>, cf.

<ets>balz</ets>, <ets>palz</ets>, akin to E. <ets>belt</ets>. See

<er>Belt</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A broad belt, sometimes

richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and

under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt.</def> 

<altsp>[Also spelt <asp>bawdrick</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>A radiant <qex>baldric</qex> o'er his shoulder tied

Sustained the sword that glittered at his side.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Bald"win</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bale</ets>, OF. <ets>bale</ets>, F. <ets>balle</ets>, LL.

<ets>bala</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>balla</ets>, <ets>palla</ets>,

<ets>pallo</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>,

<ets>ballen</ets>, ball round pack; cf. D. <ets>baal</ets>. Cf.

<er>Ball</er> a round body.]</ety> <def>A bundle or package of

goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation;

also, a bundle of straw <?/ hay, etc., put up compactly for

transportation.</def>



<cs><col>Bale of dice</col>, <cd>a pair of dice.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Baled</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Baling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make up in a bale.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Bale</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See <er>Bail</er>, <pos>v.

t.,</pos> to lade.</def>



<-- p. 114  -->



<hw>Bale</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bealo</ets>, <ets>bealu</ets>, <ets>balu</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets><?/alu</ets>, OHG. <ets>balo</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94l</ets>,

Goth. <ets>balweins</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Misery;

<?/alamity; misfortune; sorrow.</def>



<q>Let now your bliss be turned into <qex>bale</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something

causing great injury.</def> <mark>[Now chiefly poetic]</mark>



<hw>Bal`e*ar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Balearicus</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the Balearic

Islands.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca,

Minorca, Ivica, etc., in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of

Valencia.</def>



<cs><col>Balearic crane</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See

<er>Crane</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ba*leen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>baleine</ets> whale and whalibone, L. <ets>balaena</ets> a

whale; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. &

Com.)</fld> <def>Plates or blades of \'bdwhalebone,\'b8 from two

to twelve feet long, and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain

whales <spn>(Bal\'91noidea)</spn> are attached side by side along

the upper jaw, and form a fringelike sieve by which the food is

retained in the mouth.</def>



<hw>Bale"fire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/lj<?/r</ets> the fire of the <?/uneral pile;

<ets>b<?/l</ets> fire, flame (akin to Icel. <ets>b\'bel</ets>,

OSlav. <ets>b<?/l<?/</ets>, white, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> bright,

white, Skr. <ets>bh\'bela</ets> brightness) + <ets>f<?/r</ets>,

E. <ets>fire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A signal fire; an alarm

fire.</def>



<q>Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide

The glaring <qex>balefires</qex> blaze no more.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bale"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bealoful</ets>. See <er>Bale</er> misery.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive.</def>

\'bd<xex>Baleful</xex> enemies.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Four infernal rivers that disgorge

Into the burning lake their <qex>baleful</qex> streams.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bale"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a baleful manner;

perniciously.</def>



<hw>Bale"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being baleful.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal"i*sa`ur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Hind.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A badgerlike animal

of India <spn>(Arcionyx collaris)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Bal"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>balestre</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>A

crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Bal"is*toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like a fish of the genus

<xex>Balistes</xex>; of the family <xex>Balistid\'91</xex>. See

<er>Filefish</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal`is*tra"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Fort.)</fld> <def>A narrow opening,

often cruciform, through which arrows might be discharged.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*lize"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>balise</ets>; cf. Sp. <ets>balisa</ets>.]</ety> <def>A pole

or a frame raised as a sea beacon or a landmark.</def>



<hw>Balk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>balca</ets> beam, ridge; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets>

partition, <ets>bj\'belki</ets> beam, OS. <ets>balko</ets>, G.

<ets>balken</ets>; cf. Gael. <ets>balc</ets> ridge of earth

between two furrows. Cf. <er>Balcony</er>, <er>Balk</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>, 3d <er>Bulk</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A ridge of

land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field; a

piece missed by the plow slipping aside.</def>



<q>Bad plowmen made <qex>balks</qex> of such ground.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the

tie-beam of a house. The loft above was called \'bdthe

balks.\'b8</def>



<q>Tubs hanging in the <qex>balks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>One of the beams connecting

the successive supports of a trestle bridge or bateau

bridge.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hindrance or disappointment; a check.</def>



<q>A <qex>balk</qex> to the confidence of the bold

undertaker.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>A deceptive gesture of the

pitcher, as if to deliver the ball.</def>



<cs><col>Balk line</col> <fld>(Billiards)</fld>, <cd>a line

across a billiard table near one end, marking a limit within

which the cue balls are placed in beginning a game; also, a line

around the table, parallel to the sides, used in playing a

particular game, called the <xex>balk line<xex> game.</cd></cs>



<hw>Balk</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Balked</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Balking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Balk</er> a beam;

orig. to put a balk or beam in one's way, in order to stop or

hinder. Cf., for sense 2, AS. <xex>on balcan legan</xex> to lay

in heaps.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To leave or make balks in.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights,

<qex>Balk'd</qex> in their own blood did Sir Walter see.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To omit, miss, or overlook by chance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to

refuse; to let go by; to shirk.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Obsolescent]</mark>



<q>By reason of the contagion then in London, we

<qex>balked</qex> the <?/nns.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<q>Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and <qex>balks</qex> his

meat.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<q>Nor doth he any creature <qex>balk</qex>,

But lays on all he meeteth.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle;

to <?/hwart; <as>as, to <ex>balk</ex> expectation</as>.</def>



<q>They shall not <qex>balk</qex> my entrance.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Balk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To engage in

contradiction; to be in opposition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In strifeful terms with him to <qex>balk</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to

jib; to stop short; to swerve; <as>as, the horse

<ex>balks</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ This has been regarded as an Americanism, but it

occurs in Spenser's  \'bdFa\'89rie Queene,\'b8 Book IV., 10,

xxv.</note>



<q>Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt,

Ne ever for rebuke or blame of any <qex>balkt</qex>.</q>



<hw>Balk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from D.

<ets>balken</ets> to bray, bawl.]</ety> <def>To indicate to

fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the direction taken

by the shoals of herring.</def>



<hw>Balk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d

<er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>One who, or that which balks.</def>



<hw>Balk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See last

<er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who stands on a rock or

eminence to espy the shoals of herring, etc., and to give notice

to the men in boats which way they pass; a conder; a huer.</def>



<hw>Bale"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In manner to balk or

frustrate.</def>



<hw>Balk"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Uneven; ridgy.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<hw>Balk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to balk;

<as>as, a <ex>balky</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<hw>Ball</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bal</ets>, <ets>balle</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>balla</ets>,

<ets>palla</ets>, G. <ets>ball</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94llr</ets>,

ball; cf. F. <ets>balle</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Bale</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Pallmall</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any

round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; <as>as, a

<ex>ball</ex> of twine; a <ex>ball</ex> of snow.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spherical body of any substance or size used

to play with, as by throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A general name for games in which a ball is

thrown, kicked, or knocked. See <er>Baseball</er>, and

<er>Football</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical

projectile of lead or iron, to be discharged from a firearm;

<as>as, a cannon <ex>ball</ex>; a rif<?/e <xex>ball</xex>; --

often used collectively; <as>as, powder and <ex>ball</ex></as>.

Spherical balls for the smaller firearms are commonly called

<ex>bullets</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Pirotechnics & Mil.)</fld> <def>A flaming,

roundish body shot into the air; a case filled with combustibles

intended to burst and give light or set fire, or to produce smoke

or stench; <as>as, a fire <ex>ball</ex>; a stink

<ex>ball</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A leather-covered cushion,

fastened to a handle called a <xex>ballstock</xex>; -- formerly

used by printers for inking the form, but now superseded by the

roller.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A roundish protuberant portion of some part of

the body; <as>as, the <ex>ball</ex> of the thumb; the

<ex>ball</ex> of the foot.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A large pill, a form in which

medicine is commonly given to horses; a bolus.</def>



<au>White.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The globe or earth.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<q>Move round the dark terrestrial <qex>ball</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>Ball and socket joint</col>, <cd>a joint in which a ball

moves within a socket, so as to admit of motion in every

direction within certain limits.</cd> -- <col>Ball

bearings</col>, <cd>a mechanical device for lessening the

friction of axle bearings by means of small loose metal

balls.</cd> -- <col>Ball cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge

containing a ball, as distinguished from a blank cartridge,

containing only powder.</cd> -- <col>Ball cock</col>, <cd>a

faucet or valve which is opened or closed by the fall or rise of

a ball floating in water at the end of a lever.</cd> -- <col>Ball

gudgeon</col>, <cd>a pivot of a spherical form, which permits

lateral deflection of the arbor or shaft, while retaining the

pivot in its socket. <xex>Knight<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Ball

lever</col>, <cd>the lever used in a ball cock.</cd> -- <col>Ball

of the eye</col>, <cd>the eye itself, as distinguished from its

lids and socket; -- formerly, the pupil of the eye.</cd> --

<col>Ball valve</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>a contrivance by

which a ball, placed in a circular cup with a hole in its bottom,

operates as a valve.</cd> -- <col>Ball vein</col>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a sort of iron ore, found in loose

masses of a globular form, containing sparkling particles.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Three balls</col>, or <col>Three golden

balls</col></mcol>, <cd>a pawnbroker's sign or shop.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Globe</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ball</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Balled</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Balling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather balls which cling

to the feet, as of damp snow or clay; to gather into balls;

<as>as, the horse <ex>balls</ex>; the snow

<ex>balls</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Ball</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>

<def>To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or wind into a ball; <as>as, to

<ex>ball</ex> cotton</as>.</def>



<hw>Ball</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bal</ets>, fr. OF.

<ets>baler</ets> to dance, fr. LL. <ets>ballare</ets>. Of

uncertain origin; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to toss or throw, or

<ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to leap, bound, <ets><?/</ets> to

dance, jump about; or cf. 1st <er>Ball</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A social assembly for the purpose of dancing.</def>



<hw>Bal"lad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>balade</ets>, OF. <ets>balade</ets>, F. <ets>ballade</ets>,

fr. Pr. <ets>ballada</ets> a dancing song, fr. <ets>ballare</ets>

to dance; cf. It. <ets>ballata</ets>. See 2d <er>Ball</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Ballet</er>.]</ety> <def>A popular kind of

narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; <as>as, the

<ex>ballad</ex> of Chevy Chase</as>; esp., a sentimental or

romantic poem in short stanzas.</def>



<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make or sing

ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bal"lad</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make mention of in

ballads.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bal*lade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ballad</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A form of French

versification, sometimes imitated in English, in which three or

four rhymes recur through three stanzas of eight or ten lines

each, the stanzas concluding with a refrain, and the whole poem

with an envoy.</def>



<hw>Bal"lad*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A writer of

ballads.</def>



<hw>Bal"lad mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See

<er>Monger</er>.]</ety> <def>A seller or maker of ballads; a

poetaster.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bal"lad*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Ballad</er>, <pos>n.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Ballad poems; the

subject or style of ballads.</def> \'bdBase <xex>balladry</xex>

is so beloved.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bal"la*hoo</hw>, <hw>Bal"la*hou</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fast-sailing schooner, used in

the Bermudas and West Indies.</def>



<hw>Bal"la*rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[Corrupted fr. <ets>bullirag</ets>.]</ety> <def>To bully; to

threaten.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<hw>Bal"last</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>ballast</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>baglast</ets>,

<ets>ballast</ets>, OSw. <ets>barlast</ets>, Sw.

<ets>ballast</ets>. The first part is perh. the same word as E.

<ets>bare</ets>, adj.; the second is <ets>last</ets> a burden,

and hence the meaning <ets>a bare</ets>, or <ets>mere</ets>,

<ets>load</ets>. See <er>Bare</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and

<er>Last</er> load.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold

to sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent

capsizing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon

to give it steadiness.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a

railroad to make it firm and solid.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel,

used in making concrete.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain,

uprightness, steadiness, and security.</def>



<q>It [piety] is the right <qex>ballast</qex> of prosperity.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<cs><col>Ballast engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine used in

excavating and for digging and raising stones and gravel for

ballast.</cd> -- <col>Ship in ballast</col>, <cd>a ship carring

only ballast.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal"last</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Ballasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Ballasting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To steady, as

a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with

gravel, stone, etc., in order to make it firm and solid.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To keep steady; to steady, morally.</def>



<q>'T is charity must <qex>ballast</qex> the heart.</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>Bal"last*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A toll paid for the privilege of taking up

ballast in a port or harbor.</def>



<hw>Bal"last*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is used for

steadying anything; ballast.</def>



<hw>Bal"la*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Balladry</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bal"let`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

dim. of <ets>bal</ets> dance. See 2d <er>Ball</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An artistic dance performed

as a theatrical entertainment, or an interlude, by a number of

persons, usually women. Sometimes, a scene accompanied by

pantomime and dancing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The company of persons who perform the

ballet.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A light part song, or

madrigal, with a <xex>fa la</xex> burden or chorus, -- most

common with the Elizabethan madrigal composers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in coats of arms,

representing one or more balls, which are denominated bezants,

plates, etc., according to color.</def>



<hw>Ball"-flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament resembling a ball placed in a

circular flower, the petals of which form a cup round it, --

usually inserted in a hollow molding.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal*lis"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Ballist<?/e</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>ballista</ets>, <ets>balista</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

to throw.]</ety> <def>An ancient military engine, in the form of

a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.</def>



<hw>Bal"lis*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>ballista</ets>. Cf. <er>Balister</er>.]</ety> <def>A

crossbow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bal*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling

stones or missile weapons by means of an engine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to projection, or to a

projectile.</def>



<cs><col>Ballistic pendulum</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting

of a mass of wood or other material suspended as a pendulum, for

measuring the force and velocity of projectiles by means of the

arc through which their impact impels it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal*lis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>balistique</ets>. See <er>Ballista</er>.]</ety> <def>The

science or art of hurling missile weapons by the use of an

engine.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bal"li*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bailey</er>.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ballon</ets>, aug. of <ets>balle</ets> ball: cf. It.

<ets>ballone</ets>. See 1st <er>Ball</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Pallone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bag made of silk or

other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air,

so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; especially, one with a

car attached for a\'89rial navigation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A ball or globe on the top of

a pillar, church, etc., as at St. Paul's, in London.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A round vessel, usually with

a short neck, to hold or receive whatever is distilled; a glass

vessel of a spherical form.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Pyrotechnics)</fld> <def>A bomb or shell.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A game played with a large inf<?/ated

ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Engraving)</fld> <def>The outline inclosing

words represented as coming from the mouth of a pictured

figure.</def>



<cs><col>Air balloon</col>, <cd>a balloon for a\'89rial

navigation.</cd> -- <col>Balloon frame</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>,

<cd>a house frame constructed altogether of small timber.</cd> --

<col>Balloon net</col>, <cd>a variety of woven lace in which the

weft threads are twisted in a peculiar manner around the

warp.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To take up in, or as if

in, a balloon.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To go up or

voyage in a balloon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To expand, or puff out, like a balloon.</def>



<hw>Bal*looned"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swelled out

like a balloon.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

goes up in a balloon; an a\'89ronaut.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon" fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A fish of the genus <spn>Diodon</spn> or the genus

<spn>Tetraodon</spn>, having the power of distending its body by

taking air or water into its dilatable esophagus. See

<er>Globefish</er>, and <er>Bur fish</er>.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The art or

practice of managing balloons or voyaging in them.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>The process of

temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious

sales.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bal*loon"ing spi"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A spider which has the habit of rising into the air. Many

kinds ( esp. species of <spn>Lycosa</spn>) do this while young by

ejecting threads of silk until the force of the wind upon them

carries the spider aloft.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An a\'89ronaut.</def>



<hw>Bal*loon"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

practice of ascending in a balloon; a\'89ronautics.</def>



<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ballotte</ets>, fr. It. <ets>ballotta</ets>. See

<er>Ball</er> round body.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a ball used for secret voting.

Hence: Any printed or written ticket used in voting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of voting by balls or written or printed

ballots or tickets; the system of voting secretly by balls or by

tickets.</def>



<q>The insufficiency of the <qex>ballot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<-- p. 115  -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The whole number of votes cast at an election,

or in a given territory or electoral district.</def>



<cs><col>Ballot box</col>, <cd>a box for receiving

ballots.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Balloted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Balloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>ballotter</ets> to toss, to ballot, or It.

<ets>ballottare</ets>. See <er>Ballot</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To vote or decide by ballot; <as>as, to <ex>ballot</ex> for

a candidate</as>.</def>



<hw>Bal"lot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To vote for or in

opposition to.</def>



<q>None of the competitors arriving to a sufficient number of

balls, they fell to <qex>ballot</qex> some others.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Bal"lo*tade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>ballottade</ets>, fr. <ets>ballotter</ets> to toss. See

<er>Ballot</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Man.)</fld> <def>A

leap of a horse, as between two pillars, or upon a straight line,

so that when his four feet are in the air, he shows only the

shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.</def>



<hw>Bal`lo*ta"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Voting

by ballot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir H. Wotton.</au>



<hw>Bal"lot*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

votes by ballot.</def>



<hw>Bal"lo*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>An officer who has charge of a ballot box.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Harrington.</au>



<hw>Bal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cudgel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ball"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable

of being penetrated by balls from firearms.</def>



<hw>Ball"room`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room for

balls or dancing.</def>



<hw>Balm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baume</ets>, OF. <ets>bausme</ets>, <ets>basme</ets>, F.

<ets>baume</ets>, L. <ets>balsamum</ets> balsam, from Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>; perhaps of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.

<ets>b\'bes\'bem</ets>. Cf. <er>Balsam</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An aromatic plant of the genus

<spn>Melissa</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The resinous and aromatic exudation of certain

trees or shrubs.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any fragrant ointment.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything that heals or that mitigates

pain.</def> \'bd<xex>Balm</xex> for each ill.\'b8



<au>Mrs. Hemans.</au>



<cs><col>Balm cricket</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

European cicada. <au>Tennyson</au>.</cd> -- <col>Balm of

Gilead</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a small evergreen African and

Asiatic tree of the terebinthine family <spn>(Balsamodendron

Gileadense)</spn>. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong

aromatic scent; and from this tree is obtained the <xex>balm of

Gilead<xex> of the shops, or <xex>balsam of Mecca<xex>. This has

a yellowish or greenish color, a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste,

and a fragrant smell. It is valued as an unguent and cosmetic by

the Turks. The fragrant herb <spn>Dracocephalum Canariense</spn>

is familiarly called <xex>balm of Gilead<xex>, and so are the

American trees, <spn>Populus balsamifera</spn>, variety

<spn>candicans</spn> (balsam poplar), and <spn>Abies

balsamea</spn> (balsam fir).</cd></cs>



<hw>Balm</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To anoint with balm, or with

anything medicinal. Hence: To soothe; to mitigate.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Balm"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Balm</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To render

balmy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cheyne.</au>



<hw>Balm"i*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a balmy manner.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Bal*mor"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Balmoral</ets> Castle, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under

the dress.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in

front.</def>



<q>A man who uses his <qex>balmorals</qex> to tread on your

toes.</q>

<qau>George Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Balm"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic;

assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>balmy</xex> breeze.\'b8



<au>Tickell.</au>



<q>Tired nature's sweet restorer, <qex>balmy</qex> sleep !</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Producing balm.</def> \'bdThe <xex>balmy</xex>

tree.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.</syn>



<hw>Bal"ne*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to a

bath.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>Bal"ne*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balnearium</ets>, fr. <ets>balneum</ets> bath.]</ety> <def>A

bathing room.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bal`ne*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>balneare</ets> to bathe, fr. L. <ets>balneum</ets>

bath.]</ety> <def>The act of bathing.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bal"ne*a*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balneatorius</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belonging to a bath.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bal`ne*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-graphy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

description of baths.</def>



<hw>Bal`ne*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balneum</ets> bath + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

treatise on baths; the science of bathing.</def>



<hw>Bal`ne*o*ther"a*py</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balneum</ets> bath + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to heal.]</ety>

<def>The treatment of disease by baths.</def>



<hw>Bal"o*tade`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Ballotade</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bal"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. or Pg.

<ets>balsa</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A raft or float,

used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.</def>



<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>balsamum</ets> the balsam tree or its resin, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Balm</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A resin containing more or less of an essential

or volatile oil.</def>



<note><hand/ The balsams are aromatic resinous substances,

flowing spontaneously or by incision from certain plants. A great

variety of substances pass under this name, but the term is now

usually restricted to resins which, in addition to a volatile

oil, contain benzoic and cinnamic acid. Among the true balsams

are the balm of Gilead, and the balsams of copaiba, Peru, and

Tolu. There are also many pharmaceutical preparations and

resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic smell, to which the

name <xex>balsam</xex> has been given.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of tree

(<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>).</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An annual

garden plant (<spn>Impatiens balsamina</spn>) with beautiful

flowers; balsamine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.</def>



<q>Was not the people's blessing a <qex>balsam</qex> to thy

blood?</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Balsam apple</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian

plant ( <xex>Momordica balsamina<xex>), of the gourd family, with

red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a

walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices.</cd>

-- <col>Balsam fir</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the American

coniferous tree, <xex>Abies balsamea<xex>, from which the useful

Canada balsam is derived.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of copaiba</col>.

<cd>See <er>Copaiba</er>.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Mecca</col>,

<cd>balm of Gilead.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of Peru</col>, <cd>a

reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American

tree ( <xex>Myroxylon Pereir\'91<xex> and used as a stomachic and

expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long

supposed to be a product of Peru.</cd> -- <col>Balsam of

Tolu</col>, <cd>a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid

balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( <xex>Myxoxylon

toluiferum<xex>.). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a

stomachic and expectorant.</cd> -- <col>Balsam tree</col>,

<cd>any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the <xex>Abies

balsamea<xex>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Canada balsam</col>,

<col>Balsam of fir</col></mcol>, <cd>Canada turpentine, a

yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a

transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead

(or balsam) fir (<spn>Abies balsamea</spn>) by breaking the

vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See

<er>Balm</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bal"sam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat or

anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render

balsamic.</def>



<hw>Bal`sam*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of imparting balsamic properties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art or process of embalming.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bal*sam"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bal*sam"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>balsamique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of

balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative;

soothing; restorative.</def>



<hw>Bal`sam*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Balsam</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing balsam.</def>



<hw>Bal"sam*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>balsamine</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> balsam plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <xex>Impatiens balsamina</xex>, or

garden balsam.</def>



<hw>Bal"sam*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

quality of balsam; containing balsam.</def> \'bdA

<xex>balsamous</xex> substance.\'b8



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Bal"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain. Cf. <er>Bloodboltered</er>.]</ety> <def>To stick

together.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Bal"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL. mare

<ets>Balticum</ets>, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, from certain

straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See

<er>Belt</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the sea which

separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany;

situated on the Baltic Sea.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bal"ti*more bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <hw>Bal"ti*more

o"ri*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. }</mhw> (<fld>Zo\'94l</fld>.) <def>A

common American bird (<spn>Icterus galbula</spn>), named after

Lord Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are

like those of his coat of arms; -- called also <altname>golden

robin</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bal"us*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>balustre</ets>, It. <ets>balaustro</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>balaustium</ets> the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>; -- so named from the similarity of form.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A row of balusters topped by a rail,

serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony,

terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.</def>



<hw>Bam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. a contr. of

<ets>bamboozle</ets>.]</ety> <def>An imposition; a cheat; a

hoax.</def>



<au>Garrick.</au>



<q>To relieve the tedium<?/ he kept plying them with all manner

of <qex>bams</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prof. Wilson.</qau>



<hw>Bam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cheat; to wheedle.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Foote.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bam*bi"no</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., a

little boy, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

<ets><?/</ets>, to chatter.]</ety> <def>A child or baby; esp., a

representation in art of the infant Christ wrapped in swaddling

clothes.</def>



<hw>Bam*boc`ci*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>bambocciata</ets>, fr. <ets>Bamboccio</ets> a nickname of

Peter Van Laer, a Dutch genre painter; properly, a child,

simpleton, puppet, fr. <ets>bambo</ets> silly.]</ety>

<fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A representation of a grotesque scene

from common or rustic life.</def>



<hw>Bam*boo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>bambu</ets>, <ets>mambu</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the family of grasses, and genus

<xex>Bambusa</xex>, growing in tropical countries.</def>



<note><hand/ The most useful species is <xex>Bambusa

arundinacea</xex>, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight,

jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward.

The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk,

placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks

grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and

durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of

furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins.

The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes,

etc.</note>



<hw>Bam*boo"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To flog with the

bamboo.</def>



<hw>Bam*boo"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bamboozled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bamboozling</er>

(<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Said to be of Gipsy origin.]</ety>

<def>To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses;

to hoax; to mystify; to humbug.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>What oriental tomfoolery is <qex>bamboozling</qex> you?</q>

<qau>J. H. Newman.</qau>



<hw>Bam*boo"zler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

swindler; one who deceives by trickery.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ban</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bann</ets> command, edict; akin to D. <ets>ban</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bann</ets>, Dan. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>ban</ets>, G.

<ets>bann</ets>, a public proclamation, as of interdiction or

excommunication, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to say, L. <ets>fari</ets> to

speak, Skr. <ets>bhan</ets> to speak; cf. F. <ets>ban</ets>, LL.

<ets>bannum</ets>, of G. origin. <?/. Cf. <er>Abandon</er>,

<er>Fame</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A public proclamation or

edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory; a

summons by public proclamation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Feudal & Mil.)</fld> <def>A calling together of

the king's (esp. the French king's) vassals for military service;

also, the body of vassals thus assembled or summoned. In present

usage, in France and Prussia, the most effective part of the

population liable to military duty and not in the standing

army.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage,

proclaimed in church. See <er>Banns</er> (the common spelling in

this sense).</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An interdiction, prohibition, or

proscription.</def> \'bdUnder <xex>ban</xex> to touch.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A curse or anathema.</def> \'bdHecate's

<xex>ban</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a

delinquent for offending against a ban; <as>as, a mulct paid to a

bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Ban of the empire</col> <fld>(German Hist.)</fld>,

<cd>an imperial interdict by which political rights and

privileges, as those of a prince, city, or district, were taken

away.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ban</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Banned</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Banning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bannen</ets>,

<ets>bannien</ets>, to summon, curse, AS. <ets>bannan</ets> to

summon; akin to Dan. <ets>bande</ets>, <ets>forbande</ets>, to

curse, Sw. <ets>banna</ets> to revile, <ets>bannas</ets> to

curse. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To curse; to invoke evil upon.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To forbid; to interdict.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Ban</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To curse; to swear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Ban</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Serv. <ets>ban</ets>; cf. Russ.

& Pol. <ets>pan</ets> a master<?/ lord, Per.

<ets>ban</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient title of the warden of the

eastern marches of Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of

Croatia and Slavonia.</def>



<hw>Ban"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>ban</ets> an ordinance.]</ety> <def>Commonplace; trivial;

hackneyed; trite.</def>



<hw>Ba*nal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Banalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>banalit\'82</ets>. See <er>Banal</er>.]</ety> <def>Something

commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace, in

speech.</def>



<q>The highest things were thus brought down to the

<qex>banalities</qex> of discourse.</q>

<qau>J. Morley.</qau>



<hw>Ba*na"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>banana</ets>, name of the fruit.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size

(<spn>Musa sapientum</spn>); also, its edible fruit. See

<er>Musa</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The banana has a soft, herbaceous stalk, with leaves

of great length and breadth. The flowers grow in bunches, covered

with a sheath of a green or purple color; the fruit is five or

six inches long, and over an inch in diameter; the pulp is soft,

and of a luscious taste, and is eaten either raw or cooked. This

plant is a native of tropical countries, and furnishes an

important article of food.</note>



<cs><col>Banana bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

American bird (<spn>Icterus leucopteryx</spn>), which feeds on

the banana.</cd> -- <col>Banana quit</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a small bird of tropical America, of the genus

<spn>Certhiola</spn>, allied to the creepers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ban"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F. & G.

<ets>banat</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> a warden.]</ety> <def>The

territory governed by a ban.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Banc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ban"cus</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OF. <ets>banc</ets>, LL. <ets>bancus</ets>. See

<er>Bank</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A bench; a high seat, or

seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>In banc</col>, <col>In banco</col> (the ablative

of <xex>bancus</xex>), <col>In bank</col></mcol>, <cd>in full

court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings <xex>in

banc<xex> (distinguished from sittings at <xex>nisi

prius<xex>).</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Ban"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank, especially that of

Venice.</def>



<note><hand/ This term is used in some parts of Europe to

indicate bank money, as distinguished from the current money,

when this last has become depreciated.</note>



<hw>Band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>band</ets>, <ets>bond</ets>, Icel. <ets>band</ets>; akin to

G., Sw., & D. <ets>band</ets>, OHG. <ets>bant</ets>, Goth.

<ets>banti</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandha</ets> a binding,

<ets>bandh</ets> to bind, for <ets>bhanda</ets>,

<ets>bhandh</ets>, also to E. <ets>bend</ets>, <ets>bind</ets>.

In sense 7, at least, it is fr. F. <ets>bande</ets>, from OHG.

<ets>bant</ets>. <?/ See <er>Bind</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Bend</er>, <er>Bond</er>, 1st <er>Bandy</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with

which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of

things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter.</def>



<q>Every one's <qex>bands</qex> were loosed.</q>

<qau>Acis xvi 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A continuous

tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of

color, or of brickwork, etc.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In Gothic

architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles

the pillars and small shafts.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which serves as the means of union or

connection between persons; a tie.</def> \'bdTo join in Hymen's

<xex>bands</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th

centuries.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Two strips of linen hanging from

the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic

dress.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any

article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete

it.</def> \'bd<xex>Band</xex> and gusset and seam.\'b8



<au>Hood.</au>



<-- p. 116  -->



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A company of persons united in any common

design, especially a body of armed men.</def>



<q>Troops of horsemen with his <qex>bands</qex> of foot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A number of musicians who play together upon

portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud

sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.),

and drums, or cymbals.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A space between elevated lines

or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stripe, streak, or

other mark transverse to the axis of the body.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A belt or strap.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>A bond</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdThy oath

and <xex>band</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>Pledge; security.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<cs><col>Band saw</col>, <cd>a saw in the form of an endless

steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over

wheels.</cd></cs>



<hw>Band</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Banded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Banding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

bind or tie with a band.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mark with a band.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To unite in a troop, company, or

confederacy.</def> \'bd<xex>Banded</xex> against his throne.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Banded architrave</col>, <col>pier</col>,

<col>shaft</col>, etc.</mcol> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an

architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is

interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right

angles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Band</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To confederate for some

common purpose; to unite; to conspire together.</def>



<q>Certain of the Jews <qex>banded</qex> together.</q>

<qau>Acts xxiii. 12.</qau>



<hw>Band</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bandy; to drive

away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Band</hw>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of <er>Bind</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Band"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bandage</ets>, fr. <ets>bande</ets>. See

<er>Band</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fillet or strip of woven

material, used in dressing and binding up wounds, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something resembling a bandage; that which is

bound over or round something to cover, strengthen, or compress

it; a ligature.</def>



<q>Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a <qex>bandage</qex>

over her eyes.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Band"age</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bandaged</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bandaging</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To bind, dress, or

cover, with a bandage; <as>as, to <ex>bandage</ex> the

eyes</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ban*da"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fabric

made in Manilla from the older leaf sheaths of the abaca

(<spn>Musa textilis</spn>).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ban*dan"na</hw>, <hw>Ban*dan"a</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>b\'bendhn<?/</ets> a

mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places so

as to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye. Cf.

<er>Band</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A species of

silk or cotton handkerchief, having a uniformly dyed ground,

usually of red or blue, with white or yellow figures of a

circular, lozenge, or other simple form.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A style of calico printing, in which white or

bright spots are produced upon cloth previously dyed of a uniform

red or dark color, by discharging portions of the color by

chemical means, while the rest of the cloth is under

pressure.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Band"box`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light box

of pasteboard or thin wood, usually cylindrical, for holding

ruffs (the <xex>bands</xex> of the 17th century), collars, caps,

bonnets, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ban"deau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bandeaux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A

narrow band or fillet; a part of a head-dress.</def>



<q>Around the edge of this cap was a stiff <qex>bandeau</qex> of

leather.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Band"e*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Band"let</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bandelette</ets>, dim. of <ets>bande</ets>. See

<er>Band</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and ch. <er>Bendlet</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small band or fillet; any little band

or flat molding, compassing a column, like a ring.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Band"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One banded with

others.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Band"e*role</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Band"rol</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>banderole</ets>, dim. of <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>,

<ets>banni\'8are</ets>, banner; cf. It. <ets>banderuola</ets> a

little banner. See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety> <def>A little banner,

flag, or streamer.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bannerol</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>From the extremity of which fluttered a small

<qex>banderole</qex> or streamer bearing a cross.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Band" fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small red fish of the genus <spn>Cepola</spn>; the ribbon

fish.</def>



<hw>Ban"di*coot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of the native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A species of very large rat (<spn>Mus

giganteus</spn>), found in India and Ceylon. It does much injury

to rice fields and gardens.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A ratlike

marsupial animal (genus <spn>Perameles</spn>) of several species,

found in Australia and Tasmania.</def>



<hw>Band"ing plane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A plane used for

cutting out grooves and inlaying strings and bands in straight

and circular work.</def>



<hw>Ban"dit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<plu>pl.<plw>Bandits</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <or/ <plw>Banditti</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It. <ets>bandito</ets> outlaw, p.p. of

<ets>bandire</ets> to proclaim, to banish, to proscribe, LL.

<ets>bandire</ets>, <ets>bannire</ets>. See <er>Ban</er> an

edict, and cf. <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>An outlaw; a

brigand.</def>



<q>No savage fierce, <qex>bandit</qex>, or mountaineer.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note><hand/ The plural <xex>banditti</xex> was formerly used as

a collective noun.</note>



<q>Deerstealers are ever a desperate <qex>banditti</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Ban"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>bannlamh</ets> cubit, fr. <ets>bann</ets> a measure +

<ets>lamh</ets> hand, arm.]</ety> <def>An Irish measure of two

feet in length.</def>



<hw>Band"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bandelet</er>.</def>



<hw>Band"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

conductor of a musical band.</def>



<hw>Ban"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Band + dog,

i.e., bound dog.]</ety> <def>A mastiff or other large and fierce

dog, usually kept chained or tied up.</def>



<q>The keeper entered leading his <qex>bandog</qex>, a large

bloodhound, tied in a leam, or band, from which he takes his

name.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ban`do*leer"</hw>, <hw>Ban`do*lier"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bandouli\'8are</ets>

(cf.It. <ets>bandoliera</ets>, Sp.<ets>bandolera</ets>), fr.F.

<ets>bande</ets> band, Sp.&It. <ets>banda</ets>. See

<er>Band</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad

leather belt formerly worn by soldiers over the right shoulder

and across the breast under the left arm. Originally it was used

for supporting the musket and twelve cases for charges, but later

only as a cartridge belt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the leather or wooden cases in which the

charges of powder were carried.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ban"do*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

allied to <ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glutinous pomatum for

the fair.</def>



<hw>Ban"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bandon</ets>. See <er>Abandon</er>.]</ety> <def>Disposal;

control; license.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Ban"dore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>bandurria</ets>, fr. L. <ets>pandura</ets>,

<ets>pandurium</ets>, a musical instrument of three strings, fr.

Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf. <er>Pandore</er>, <er>Banjo</er>,

<er>Mandolin</er>.]</ety> <def>A musical stringed instrument,

similar in form to a guitar; a pandore.</def>



<hw>Band"rol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Banderole</er>.</def>



<hw>Ban"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Telugu

<ets>bandi</ets>.]</ety> <def>A carriage or cart used in India,

esp. one drawn by bullocks.</def>



<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bandies</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>band\'82</ets>, p.p. of

<ets>bander</ets> to bind, to bend (a bow), to bandy, fr.

<ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A club bent at the lower part for striking a

ball at play; a hockey stick.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The game played with such a club; hockey;

shinney; bandy ball.</def>



<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bandied</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bandying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat to and

fro, as a ball in playing at bandy.</def>



<q>Like tennis balls <qex>bandied</qex> and struck upon us . . .

by rackets from without.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give and receive reciprocally; to

exchange.</def> \'bdTo <xex>bandy</xex> hasty words.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To toss about, as from man to man; to

agitate.</def>



<q>Let not obvious and known truth be <qex>bandied</qex> about in

a disputation.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To content, as at some

game in which each strives to drive the ball his own way.</def>



<q>Fit to <qex>bandy</qex> with thy lawless sons.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Ban"dy</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bent; crooked; curved

laterally, esp. with the convex side outward; <as>as, a

<ex>bandy</ex> leg</as>.</def>



<hw>Ban"dy-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

crooked legs.</def>



<hw>Bane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bane</ets> destruction, AS. <ets>bana</ets> murderer; akin

to Icel. <ets>bani</ets> death, murderer, OHG. <ets>bana</ets>

murder, <ets>bano</ets> murderer, <ets><?/</ets> murder, OIr.

<ets>bath</ets> death, <ets>benim</ets> I strike. <?/.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>That which destroys life, esp. poison of a

deadly quality.</def> <mark>[Obs.  except in combination, as in

ratsbane, henbane, etc.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destruction; death.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their

<qex>bane</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm;

woe.</def>



<q>Money, thou <qex>bane</qex> of bliss, and source of woe.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A disease in sheep, commonly termed the

<xex>rot</xex>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.</syn>



<hw>Bane</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be the bane of; to

ruin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Bane"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus <spn>(Act\'91a)</spn> of plants,

of the order <xex>Ranunculace\'91</xex>, native in the north

temperate zone. The red or white berries are poisonous.</def>



<hw>Bane"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious; noxious;

pernicious.</def>  \'bd<xex>Baneful</xex> hemlock.\'b8

<au>Garth</au>. \'bd<xex>Baneful</xex> wrath.\'b8

<au>Chapman</au>.



 -- <wordforms><wf>Bane"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos>

--<wf>Bane"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bane"wort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Deadly nightshade.</def>



<hw>Bang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Banged</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Banging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>banga</ets> to hammer; akin to Dan. <ets>banke</ets> to

beat, Sw.<ets>b\'86ngas</ets> to be impetuous, G.

<ets>bengel</ets> club, clapper of a bell.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence;

to handle roughly.</def>



<q>The desperate tempest hath so <qex>banged</qex> the Turks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to

hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a

loud noise; <as>as, to <ex>bang</ex> a drum or a piano; to

<ex>bang</ex> a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting

it.</as></def>



<hw>Bang</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a loud noise, as if

with a blow or succession of blows; <as>as, the window blind

<ex>banged</ex> and waked me; he was <ex>banging</ex> on the

piano.</as></def>



<hw>Bang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A blow as with a

club; a heavy blow.</def>



<q>Many a stiff thwack, many a <qex>bang</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sound produced by a sudden concussion.</def>



<hw>Bang</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cut squarely across, as

the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the

hair).</def>



<q>His hair <qex>banged</qex> even with his eyebrows.</q>

<qau>The Century Mag.</qau>



<hw>Bang</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The short, front hair combed

down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false

front of hair similarly worn.</def>



<q>His hair cut in front like a young lady's <qex>bang</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bang</hw>, <hw>Bangue</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Bhang</er>.</def>



<hw>Bang"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Huge; great in size.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<hw>Ban"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Bang</er>.]</ety> <def>To waste by little and little; to

fritter away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ban"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind. <ets>bangr\'c6</ets>

bracelet, bangle.]</ety> <def>An ornamental circlet, of glass,

gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and

Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a

ring bracelet.</def>



<cs><col>Bangle ear</col>, <cd>a loose hanging ear of a horse,

like that of a spaniel.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ban"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>banij</ets> merchant. The tree was so named by the English,

because used as a market place by the merchants.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A Hindoo trader, merchant, cashier, or money

changer.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>banyan</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man's loose gown, like that worn by the

Banians.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Indian fig. See

<er>Banyan</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Banian days</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>days in which

the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use seems

to be borrowed from the Banians or Banya race, who eat no

flesh.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ban"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Banished</er>(<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Banishing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OF. <ets>banir</ets>, F. <ets>bannir</ets>, LL.

<ets>bannire</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>bannan</ets> to summon, fr.

<ets>ban</ets> ban. See <er>Ban</er> an edict, and

<er>Finish</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority

of the ruling power.</def> \'bdWe <xex>banish</xex> you our

territories.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive out, as from a home or familiar place;

-- used with <xex>from</xex> and <xex>out of</xex>.</def>



<q>How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be <qex>banished</qex>

from the Low Countries in Scotland.</q>

<qau>Blair.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To drive away; to compel to depart; to

dispel.</def> \'bd<xex>Banish</xex> all offense.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Banish</er>, <er>Exile</er>,

<er>Expel</er>.</syn> <usage> The idea of a coercive removal from

a place is common to these terms. A man is <xex>banished</xex>

when he is forced by the government of a country (be he a

foreigner or a native) to leave its borders. A man is

<xex>exiled</xex> when he is driven into banishment from his

<xex>native</xex> country and home. Thus to <xex>exile</xex> is

to <xex>banish</xex>, but to <xex>banish</xex> is not always to

<xex>exile</xex>. To <xex>expel</xex> is to eject or banish,

summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of

disgrace; as, to <xex>expel</xex> from a college;

<xex>expelled</xex> from decent society.</usage>



<hw>Ban"ish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

banishes.</def>



<hw>Ban"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bannissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of banishing, or the

state of being banished.</def>



<q>He secured himself by the <qex>banishment</qex> of his

enemies.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<q>Round the wide world in <qex>banishment</qex> we roam.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription;

exile; outlawry.</syn>



<hw>Ban"is*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formerly

also <ets>banjore</ets> and <ets>banjer</ets>; corrupted from

<ets>bandore</ets>, through negro slave pronunciation.]</ety>

<def>A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like

the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings,

and is played with the fingers and hands.</def>



<hw>Bank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>banke</ets>; akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>, and prob. of

Scand. origin.; cf. Icel. <ets>bakki</ets>. See

<er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A mound, pile, or ridge

of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything

shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; <as>as, a <ex>bank</ex> of

clouds; a <ex>bank</ex> of snow.</as></def>



<q>They cast up a <qex>bank</qex> against the city.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. xx. 15.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or

the side of a ravine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground

bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a

cutting, or other hollow.</def>



<q>Tiber trembled underneath her <qex>banks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a

shoal, shelf, or shallow; <as>as, the <ex>banks</ex> of

Newfoundland</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The face of the

coal at which miners are working.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water

level.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The ground at the top of a shaft;

<as>as, ores are brought to <ex>bank</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Bank beaver</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

otter.</cd> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Bank

swallow</col>, <cd>a small American and European swallow

(<spn>Clivicola riparia</spn>) that nests in a hole which it

excavates in a bank.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Banked</er>(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Banking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To raise a mound

or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to

embank.</def> \'bd<xex>Banked</xex> well with earth.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To heap or pile up; <as>as, to <ex>bank</ex>

sand</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass by the banks of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>To bank a fire</col>, <col>To bank up a

fire</col></mcol>, <cd>to cover the coals or embers with ashes or

cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. fr. F. <ets>banc</ets>.

Of German origin, and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>. See

<er>Bench</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bench, as for rowers in

a galley; also, a tier of oars.</def>



<q>Placed on their <qex>banks</qex>, the lusty Trojan sweep

Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bench or seat

upon which the judges sit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The regular

term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear

arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting

at <xex>Nisi Prius</xex>, or a court held for jury trials. See

<er>Banc</er>.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A sort of table used by

printers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Music)</fld> <def>A bench, or row of keys

belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bank</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>banque</ets>, It.

<ets>banca</ets>, orig. bench, table, counter, of German origin,

and akin to E. <ets>bench</ets>; cf. G. <ets>bank</ets> bench,

OHG. <ets>banch</ets>. See <er>Bench</er>, and cf.

<er>Banco</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of

money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts

or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing

one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their

representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate

capacity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The building or office used for banking

purposes.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fund from deposits or contributions, to be

used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let it be no <qex>bank</qex> or common stock, but every man be

master of his own money.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Gaming)</fld> <def>The sum of money or the

checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to

draw his stakes and pay his losses.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces

from which the players are allowed to draw.</def>



<cs><col>Bank credit</col>, <cd>a credit by which a person who

has give<?/  the required security to a bank has liberty to draw

to <?/ certain extent agreed upon.</cd> -- <col>Bank of

deposit</col>, <cd>a bank which receives money for safe

keeping.</cd> -- <col>Bank of issue</col>, <cd>a bank which

issues its own notes payable to bearer.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To deposit in a bank.</def>



<hw>Bank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep a bank;

to carry on the business of a banker.</def>



<-- p. 117  -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deposit money in a bank; to have an account

with a banker.</def>



<hw>Bank"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Receivable

at a bank.</def>



<hw>Bank" bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>In America

(and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank payable to

the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a

bank, payable to order, and usually at some future specified

time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of

the term, no part of the currency.</def>



<hw>Bank" book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A book kept by a

depositor, in which an officer of a bank enters the debits and

credits of the depositor's account with the bank.</def>



<hw>Bank"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[See the nouns

<er>Bank</er> and the verbs derived from them.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who conducts the business of banking; one who,

individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment

for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills

of exchange, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A money changer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a

gambling house.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the

banks of Newfoundland.</def>



<au>Grabb. J. Q. Adams.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A ditcher; a drain digger.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The stone bench on which masons cut or square

their work.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Bank"er*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

banker.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bank"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business of a bank or

of a banker.</def>



<cs><col>Banking house</col>, <cd>an establishment or office in

which, or a firm by whom, banking is done.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bank" note`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A promissory

note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to bearer on

demand.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States popularly called a <xex>bank

bill</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or

banking company, payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a

bank bill. See <er>Bank bill</er>, 2.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A promissory note payable at a bank.</def>



<hw>Bank"rupt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>banqueroute</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bancarotta</ets> bankruptcy;

<ets>banca</ets> bank (fr. OHG. <ets>banch</ets>, G.

<ets>bank</ets>, bench) + <ets>rotta</ets> broken, fr. L.

<ets>ruptus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>rumpere</ets> to break. At

Florence, it is said, the bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money

table) broken. See 1st <er>Bank</er>, and <er>Rupture</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng. Low)</fld> <def>A

trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending

to defraud his creditors.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an

insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his

debts; an insolvent person.</def>



<au>M<?/Culloch.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A person who, in accordance

with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been

judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities.</def>



<note><hand/ In England, until the year 1861 none but a

\'bdtrader\'b8 could be made a bankrupt; a non-trader failing to

meet his liabilities being an \'bdinsolvent\'b8. But this

distinction was abolished by the Bankruptcy Act of 1861. The laws

of 1841 and 1867 of the United States relating to bankruptcy

applied this designation <xex>bankrupt</xex> to others besides

those engaged in trade.</note>



<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being a

bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or

legally discharged from paying, one's debts; <as>as, a

<ex>bankrupt</ex> merchant</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Depleted of money; not having the means of

meeting pecuniary liabilities; <as>as, a <ex>bankrupt</ex>

treasury</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once

possessed, or something one should possess).</def>

\'bd<xex>Bankrupt</xex> in gratitude.</def>\'b8



<au>Sheridan.</au>



<cs><col>Bankrupt law</col>, <cd>a law by which the property of a

person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken

and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has

made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud,

may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See

<er>Insolvent</er>, <pos>a.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>Bank"rupt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bankrupted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bankrupting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bankrupt; to

bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.</def>



<hw>Bank"rupt*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bankruptcies</plw>(<?/).</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being actually or legally

bankrupt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of becoming a bankrupt.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Complete loss; -- followed by

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bank"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The slope of

a bank, especially of the bank of a steam.</def>



<hw>Bank"-sid`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Having sides inclining inwards, as a

ship; -- opposed to <xex>wall-sided</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bank" swal"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under 1st

<er>Bank</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Ban"li*eue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. LL. <ets>bannum leucae</ets>, <ets>banleuca</ets>;

<ets>bannum</ets> jurisdiction + <ets>leuca</ets> league.]</ety>

<def>The territory without the walls, but within the legal

limits, of a town or city.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ban"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>banere</ets>, OF. <ets>baniere</ets>, F.

<ets>banni\'8are</ets>, <ets>bandi\'8are</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>baniera</ets>, <ets>banderia</ets>, fr. <ets>bandum</ets>

banner, fr. OHG. <ets>bant</ets> band, strip of cloth; cf.

<ets>bindan</ets> to bind, Goth. <ets>bandwa</ets>,

<ets>bandwo</ets>, a sign. See <er>Band</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of flag attached to

a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his

standard in battle.</def>



<q>Hang out our <qex>banners</qex> on the outward walls.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a

device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a

procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any flag or standard; <as>as, the star-spangled

<ex>banner</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Banner fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large

fish of the genus <xex>Histiophorus<xex>, of the Swordfish

family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One

species (<spn>H. Americanus</spn>) inhabits the North

Atlantic.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ban"nered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>bannered</xex> host.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ban"ner*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>baneret</ets>, OF. <ets>baneret</ets>, F.

<ets>banneret</ets>; properly a dim. of OF. <ets>baniere</ets>.

See <er>Banner</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a knight who led his vassals into

the field under his own banner; -- commonly used as a title of

rank.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and

hence, an order of knighthood; also, the person bearing such

title or rank.</def>



<note><hand/ The usual mode of conferring the rank on the field

of battle was by cutting or tearing off the point of the pennon

or pointed flag on the spear of the candidate, thereby making it

a banner.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small banner.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Ban"ner*ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A banderole;

esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession and set over the

tomb. See <er>Banderole</er>.</def>



<hw>Ban*ni"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bannitio</ets>. See <er>Banish</er>.]</ety> <def>The act of

expulsion.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Abp. Laud.</au>



<hw>Ban"nock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>bonnach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of cake or bread, in shape

flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and

baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the

northern counties of England.</def>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<cs><col>Bannock fluke</col>, <cd>the turbot.

<mark>[Scot.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Banns</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Ban</er>.]</ety> <def>Notice of a proposed marriage,

proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in

order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why

the marriage should not take place.</def>



<hw>Ban"quet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a feast,

prop. a dim. of <ets>banc</ets> bench; cf. It.

<ets>banchetto</ets>, dim. of <ets>banco</ets> a bench, counter.

See <er>Bank</er> a bench, and cf. <er>Banquette</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and

drinking; often, a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed

by speeches.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat

or sweetmeats.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We'll dine in the great room, but let the music

And <qex>banquet</qex> be prepared here.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Banqueted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Banqueting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To treat with a banquet or

sumptuous entertainment of food; to feast.</def>



<q>Just in time to <qex>banquet</qex>

The illustrious company assembled there.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Ban"quet</hw>, <pos>v.i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To regale

one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.</def>



<q>Were it a draught for Juno when she <qex>banquets</qex>,

I would not taste thy treasonous offer.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To partake of a dessert after a feast.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Where they did both sup and <qex>banquet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cavendish.</qau>



<hw>Ban"quet*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.</def>



<hw>Ban*quette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Banquet</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A raised way or foot bank, running along

the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon

the enemy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A narrow window seat; a

raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ban"shee</hw>, <hw>Ban"shie</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. <ets>bean-shith</ets>

fairy; Gael. & Ir. <ets>bean</ets> woman + Gael. <ets>sith</ets>

fairy.]</ety> <def>A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and

Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of

its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the

windows of the house.</def>



<hw>Ban"stic`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>ban</ets>, <ets>bon</ets>, bone + <ets>stickle</ets>

prickle, sting. See <er>Bone</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<er>Stickleback</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

fish, the three-spined stickleback.</def>



<hw>Ban"tam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A variety of

small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from

Bantam, a district of Java.</def>



<hw>Ban"tam work`</hw>. <def>Carved and painted work in imitation

of Japan ware.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ban"teng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild ox of Java (<spn>Bibos

Banteng</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ban"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[

<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bantered</er>(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bantering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. corrupted

fr. F. <ets>badiner</ets> to joke, or perh. fr. E.

<ets>bandy</ets> to beat to and fro. See <er>Badinage</er>, and

cf. <er>Barter</er> fr.  OF. <ets>barater</ets>.]</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To address playful good-natured ridicule to, --

the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the

subject of the jesting; to rally; <as>as, he <ex>bantered</ex> me

about my credulity</as>.</def>



<q>Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then

<qex>bantered</qex> on

my haggard looks the next day.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as

some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>If they <qex>banter</qex> your regularity, order, and love of

study, <qex>banter</qex> in return their neglect of them.</q>

<qau>Chatham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of

jest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We diverted ourselves with <qex>bantering</qex> several poor

scholars

with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To challenge or defy to a match.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Ban"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of bantering; joking

or jesting; humorous or good-humored raillery; pleasantry.</def>



<q>Part <qex>banter</qex>, part affection.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Ban"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

banters or rallies.</def>



<hw>Ban"ting*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A method

of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much

farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from

William <xex>Banting</xex> of London.</def>



<hw>Bant"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. for

<ets>bandling</ets>, from <ets>band</ets>, and meaning a child

wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. <ets>b\'84ntling</ets> a

bastard, fr. <ets>bank</ets> bench. Cf.  <er>Bastard</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A young or small child; an infant.

[Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]</def>



<q>In what out of the way corners genius produces her

<qex>bantlings</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Banx"ring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian insectivorous mammal of

the genus <spn>Tupaia</spn>.</def>



<hw>Ban"yan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Banian</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the same

genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (<spn>Ficus

Indica</spn>), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which

take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree

covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of

men.</def>



<hw>Ba"o*bab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A gigantic African tree

(<spn>Adansonia digitata</spn>), also naturalized in India. See

<er>Adansonia</er>.</def>



<hw>Baph"o*met</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[A corruption

of <ets>Mahomet</ets> or <ets>Mohammed</ets>, the Arabian

prophet: cf. Pr. <ets>Bafomet</ets>, OSp. <ets>Mafomat</ets>,

OPg. <ets>Mafameda</ets>.]</ety> <def>An idol or symbolical

figure which the Templars were accused of using in their

mysterious rites.</def>



<hw>Bap"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baptim</ets>, <ets>baptem</ets>, OE. <ets>baptesme</ets>,

<ets>batisme</ets>, F. <ets>bapt\'88me</ets>, L.

<ets>baptisma</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets>

to baptize, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to dip in water, akin to

<ets><?/</ets> deep, Skr. <ets>g\'beh</ets> to dip, bathe,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>The act of baptizing; the

application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious

ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of

Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or

pouring.</def>



<hw>Bap*tis"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>baptismal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to baptism; <as>as,

<ex>baptismal</ex> vows</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Baptismal name</col>, <cd>the Christian name, which is

given at baptism.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bap*tis"mal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a baptismal

manner.</def>



<hw>Bap"tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>baptista</ets>, G. <ets><?/</ets>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who administers baptism; -- specifically

applied to John, the forerunner of Christ.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a denomination of Christians who deny the

validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that

baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be

by immersion. See <er>Anabaptist</er>.</def>



<note>In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United

States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and

moderation.</note>



<au>Amer. Cyc.</au>



<cs><col>Freewill Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who are

Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion.</cd> --

<col>Seventh-day Baptists</col>, <cd>a sect of Baptists who keep

the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See

<er>Sabbatarian</er>. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also

Baptists.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bap"tis*ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<hw>Bap"tis*try</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Baptisteries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <plw>-tries</plw>

(<?/)</plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>baptisterium</ets>, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>baptist\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>In early times, a separate

building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small

churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger

churches were built near.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A part of a

church containing a font and used for baptismal services.</def>



<hw>Bap*tis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>]</ety> <def>Of or for baptism; baptismal.</def>



<hw>Bap*tis"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Baptistic.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bap*tiz"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being baptized; fit to be baptized.</def>



<au>Baxter.</au>



<hw>Bap`ti*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Baptism.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Their <qex>baptizations</qex> were null.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Bap*tize"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Baptized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.>/pos>

<er>Baptizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F. <ets>baptiser</ets>, L.

<ets>baptizare</ets>, fr.Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See

<er>Baptism</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To administer the

sacrament of baptism to.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To christen ( because a name is given to infants

at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.</def>



<q>I'll be new <qex>baptized</qex>;

Henceforth I never will be Romeo.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sanctify; to consecrate.</def>



<hw>Bap*tize"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of baptizing.</def><mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bap*tiz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

baptizes.</def>



<hw>Bar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barre</ets>, F. <ets>barre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barra</ets>,

W. <ets>bar</ets> the branch of a tree, bar, <ets>baren</ets>

branch, Gael. & Ir. <ets>barra</ets> bar. <?/ 91.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long

in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and

for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance,

obstruction, or fastening; <as>as, the <ex>bars</ex> of a fence

or gate; the <ex>bar</ex> of a door.</as></def>



<q>Thou shalt make <qex>bars</qex> of shittim wood.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxvi. 26.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An indefinite quantity of some substance, so

shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness;

<as>as, a <ex>bar</ex> of gold or of lead; a <ex>bar</ex> of

soap.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents;

an obstruction; a barrier.</def>



<q>Must I new <qex>bars</qex> to my own joy create?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<-- p. 118  -->



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at

the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any railing that divides a room, or office, or

hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having

special privileges; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of the House of

Commons</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The railing that

incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice.

Hence, the phrase <xex>at the bar of the court</xex> signifies

<xex>in open court</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The place in

court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or

sentence.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The whole body of lawyers

licensed in a court or district; the legal profession.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A special plea constituting a sufficient answer

to plaintiff's action.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Any tribunal; <as>as, the <ex>bar</ex> of public

opinion; the <ex>bar</ex> of God.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A barrier or counter, over which liquors and

food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room

behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary, like a fess but

narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; <as>as, a

<ex>bar</ex> of light; a <ex>bar</ex> of color.</as></def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A vertical line across the

staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent

measures, and are themselves called <xex>measures</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ A <xex>double bar</xex> marks the end of a strain or

main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in

psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term

<xex>bar</xex> is very often loosely used for <xex>measure</xex>,

i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included

between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight

<xex>bars</xex>; two <xex>bars'</xex> rest.</note>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of

a horse, in which the bit is placed.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards

the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of

the sole.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A drilling or

tamping rod.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A vein or dike crossing a

lode.</def>



<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A gatehouse of

a castle or fortified town.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A slender

strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a

sash bar.</def>



<cs><col>Bar shoe</col> <fld>(Far.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of

horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to

protect a tender frog from injury.</cd> -- <col>Bar shot</col>,

<cd>a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or

half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts

or rigging in naval combat.</cd> -- <col>Bar sinister</col>

<fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a term popularly but erroneously used for

<xex>baton<xex>, a mark of illegitimacy. See <er>Baton</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Bar tracery</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>ornamental

stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms

required.</cd> -- <col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>. <cd>See

<er>Blank</er>.</cd> -- <col>Case at bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>,

<cd>a case presently before the court; a case under

argument.</cd> -- <col>In bar of</col>, <cd>as a sufficient

reason against; to prevent.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Matter in

bar</col>, or <col>Defence in bar</col></mcol>, <cd>a plea which

is a final defense in an action.</cd> -- <col>Plea in bar</col>,

<cd>a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action

absolutely and entirely.</cd> -- <col>Trial at bar</col>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a trial before all the judges of one

the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum

representing the full court.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Barred</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ F. <ets>barrer</ets>. See

<er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten

with a bar; <as>as, to <ex>bar</ex> a door or gate</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to

hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; <as>as, to

<ex>bar</ex> the entrance of evil; distance <ex>bars</ex> our

intercourse; the statute <ex>bars</ex> my right; the right is

<ex>barred</ex> by time; a release <ex>bars</ex> the plaintiff's

recovery</as>; -- sometimes with <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to

<qex>bar</qex> it in its dungeon.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To except; to exclude by exception.</def>



<q>Nay, but I <qex>bar</qex> to-night: you shall not gauge me

By what we do to-night.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cross with one or more stripes or

lines.</def>



<q>For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have

<qex>barred</qex> them singly.</q>

<qau>Burney.</qau>



<hw>Barb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barbe</ets>, fr. L. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See

<er>Beard</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Beard, or

that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.</def>



<q>The barbel, so called by reason of his <qex>barbs</qex>, or

wattles in his mouth.</q>

<qau>Walton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Paps, or little projections, of

the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary

glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly

applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.</def> 

<altsp>[Written also <asp>barbel</asp> and

<asp>barble</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The point that stands backward in an arrow,

fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence:

Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or

crosswise to something else.</def> \'bdHaving two

<xex>barbs</xex> or points.\'b8



<au>Ascham.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A bit for a horse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the side branches

of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See

<er>Feather</er>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A southern name for the

kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United

States; -- also improperly called <xex>whiting</xex>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A hair or bristle ending in a

double hook.</def>



<hw>Barb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Barbed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barbing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shave or dress

the beard of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To clip; to mow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Marston.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with barbs, or with that which will

hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.</def>



<q>But rattling storm of arrows <qex>barbed</qex> with fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Barb</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>barbe</ets>, fr.

<ets>Barbarie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The Barbary horse, a

superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the

Moors.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A blackish or dun variety

of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.</def>



<hw>Barb</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

<ets>bard</ets>.]</ety> <def>Armor for a horse. Same as 2d

<er>Bard</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Bar"ba*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barbican</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barbicanage</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar*ba"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Barbados.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A

native of Barbados.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar*ba"dos</hw> <or/ <hw>Bar*ba"does</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A West Indian island, giving its

name to a disease, to a cherry, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Barbados cherry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of

trees of the West Indies (<spn>Malpighia</spn>) with an agreeably

acid fruit resembling a cherry.</cd> -- <col>Barbados leg</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a species of elephantiasis incident to hot

climates. -- <xex>Barbados nuts<xex>, the seeds of the

<spn>Jatropha curcas</spn>, a plant growing in South America and

elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as

a purgative. See <er>Physic nut</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bar"ba*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Coined

by logicians.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>The first word in

certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the

syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are

universal affirmatives.</def>



<au>Whately.</au>



<hw>Bar`ba*resque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Barbaric

in form or style; <as>as, <ex>barbaresque</ex>

architecture</as>.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A foreigner.</def> <mark>[Historical]</mark>



<q>Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be

unto him that speaketh a <qex>barbarian</qex>, and he that

speaketh shall be a <qex>barbarian</qex> unto me.</q>

<qau><?/ Cor. xiv. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized

state.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person destitute of culture.</def>



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of

pity or humanity.</def> \'bdThou fell <xex>barbarian</xex>.\'b8



<au>Philips.</au>



<hw>Bar*ba"ri*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, or pertaining to,

or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; <as>as,

<ex>barbarian</ex> governments or nations</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar*ba"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barbaricus</ets> foreign, barbaric, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of, or from, barbarian

nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of

east.</def>  \'bd<xex>Barbaric</xex> pearl and gold.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an

uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of

refinement.</def> \'bdWild, <xex>barbaric</xex> music.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bar"ba*rism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barbarismus</ets>, Gr.<ets><?/</ets>; cf. F.

<ets>barbarisme</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An uncivilized

state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts,

learning, and literature; barbarousness.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an

outrage.</def>



<q>A heinous <qex>barbarism</qex> . . . against the honor of

marriage.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An offense against purity of style or language;

any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular

language. See <er>Solecism</er>.</def>



<q>The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any

of their writers with the odious name of

<qex>barbarism</qex>.</q>

<qau>G. Campbell.</qau>



<hw>Bar*bar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Barbarities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[From

<er>Barbarous</er>.]</ety> <def> The state or manner of a

barbarian; lack of civilization.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.</def>



<q>Treating Christians with a <qex>barbarity</qex> which would

have

shocked the very Moslem.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A barbarous or cruel act.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Barbarism; impurity of speech.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Barbarized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Barbarizing</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To become barbarous.</def>



<q>The Roman empire was <qex>barbarizing</qex> rapidly from the

time of

Trajan.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of

speech.</def>



<q>The ill habit . . . of wretched <qex>barbarizing</qex> against

the Latin

and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bar"ba*rize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>barbariser</ets>, LL. <ets>barbarizare</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

make barbarous.</def>



<q>The hideous changes which have <qex>barbarized</qex>

France.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Bar"ba*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barbarus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, strange, foreign; later,

slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering,

Skr. <ets>barbara</ets> stammering, outlandish. Cf.

<er>Brave</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being in

the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with

barbarians; <as>as, a <ex>barbarous</ex> people; a

<ex>barbarous</ex> country.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Foreign; adapted to a barbaric

taste.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Barbarous</qex> gold.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.</def>



<q>By their <qex>barbarous</qex> usage he died within a few days,

to the grief of all that knew him.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.</def>



<q>A <qex>barbarous</qex> expression</q>

<qau>G. Campbell.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored;

ignorant; merciless; brutal. See <er>Ferocious</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a barbarous

manner.</def>



<hw>Bar"ba*rous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or

state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.</def>



<hw>Bar"ba*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fr. Ar.

<ets>Barbar</ets> the people of Barbary.]</ety> <def>The

countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the

Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

Also, a kind of pigeon.</def>



<cs><col>Barbary ape</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ape

(<spn>Macacus innus</spn>) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock,

being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly

trained by showmen.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"ba*stel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barbastelle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

European bat (<spn>Barbastellus communis</spn>), with hairy

lips.</def>



<hw>Bar"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barbatus</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See

<er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearded; beset

with long and weak hairs.</def>



<hw>Bar"ba*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

barbed points.</def>



<q>A dart uncommonly <qex>barbated</qex>.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In the

language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of

flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole

for a feast.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A social entertainment, where many people

assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large

animals are roasted or broiled whole.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A floor, on which coffee beans are

sun-dried.</def>



<hw>Bar"be*cue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Barbecued</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barbecuing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dry or cure

by exposure on a frame or gridiron.</def>



<q>They use little or no salt, but <qex>barbecue</qex> their game

and fish in the smoke.</q>

<qau>Stedman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.</def>



<q>Send me, gods, a whole hog <qex>barbecued</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Barbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 4th

<er>Bare</er>.]</ety> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor; --

said of a horse. See <er>Barded</er> ( which is the proper

form.)</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Barbed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with a barb or

barbs; <as>as, a <ex>barbed</ex> arrow; <ex>barbed</ex>

wire.</as></def>



<cs><col>Barbed wire</col>, <cd>a wire, or a strand of twisted

wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for

fences.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>barbel</ets>, F. <ets>barbeau</ets>, dim. of L.

<ets>barbus</ets> barbel, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st

<er>Barb</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A slender tactile organ on

the lips of certain fished.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large fresh-water fish (

<xex>Barbus vulgaris</xex>) found in many European rivers. Its

upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Barbs or paps under the tongued

of horses and cattle. See 1st <er>Barb</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>Bar"bel*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having short, stiff

hairs, often barbed at the point.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bar*bel"lu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barbellate with diminutive hairs or

barbs.</def>



<hw>Bar"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barbour</ets>, OF. <ets>barbeor</ets>, F.

<ets>barbier</ets>, as if fr. an assumed L. <ets>barbator</ets>,

fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard. See 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>

<def>One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and

to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.</def>



<cs><col>Barber's itch</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Itch</er>.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ Formerly the barber practiced some offices of

surgery, such as letting blood and pulling teeth. Hence such

terms as <xex>barber surgeon</xex> ( old form <xex>barber

chirurgeon</xex>), <xex>barber surgery</xex>, etc.</note>



<hw>Bar"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Barbered</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shave and dress the

beard or hair of.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bar"ber fish</hw>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Surgeon

fish</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ber*mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barbarin</ets>, <ets>barbere</ets>, OF.

<ets>berbere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub of the

genus <spn>Berberis</spn>, common along roadsides and in

neglected fields. <spn>B. vulgaris</spn> is the species best

known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce,

and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark

dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root.</def> <altsp>[Also

spelt <asp>berberry</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bar"bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barbet</ets>, fr.<ets>barbe</ets> beard, long hair of

certain animals. See <er>Barb</er> beard.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A variety of small dog,

having long curly hair.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A bird of the

family <spn>Bucconid\'91</spn>, allied to the Cuckoos, having a

large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five

bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical

America and Africa.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A larva that feeds on

aphides.</def>



<hw>Bar*bette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.

<er>Barbet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A mound of earth

or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to

fire over the parapet.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>En barbette</col>, <col>In barbette</col></mcol>,

<cd>said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the

top of a parapet, and not through embrasures.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Barbette gun</col>, or <col>Barbette

battery</col></mcol>, <cd>a single gun, or a number of guns,

mounted <xex>in barbette<xex>, or partially protected by a

parapet or turret.</cd> -- <col>Barbette carriage</col>, <cd>a

gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be <xex>in

barbette<xex>. [See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<er>Casemate</er>.]</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"bi*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bar"ba*can</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barbican</ets>, <ets>barbecan</ets>, F.

<ets>barbacane</ets>, LL. <ets>barbacana</ets>,

<ets>barbicana</ets>, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar.

<ets>barbakh</ets> aqueduct, sewer. F. <ets>barbacane</ets> also

means, an opening to let out water, loophole.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>( <xex>Fort</xex>.) A tower or advanced work defending the

entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was

often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its

own.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opening in the wall of a fortress, through

which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"bi*can*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bar"ba*can*age</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[LL. <ets>barbicanagium</ets>. See <er>Barbican</er>.]</ety>

<def>Money paid for the support of a barbican.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"bi*cel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>barbicella</ets>, dim. of L. <ets>barba</ets>. See 1st

<er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the small

hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bar"biers</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India

and the Malabar coast; -- considered by many to be the same as

<xex>beriberi</xex> in chronic form.</def>



<hw>Bar*big"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barba</ets> a beard + <ets>gerous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having

a beard; bearded; hairy.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bar"bi*ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr.

Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An ancient

Greek instrument resembling a lyre.</def>



<hw>Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A white, crystalline substance, <?/, derived from

alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a

substituted urea.</def>



<-- p. 119  -->



<hw>Bar"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barbel</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"bo*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in

relief.</def>



<hw>Bar"bre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Barbarian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bar"bule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>barbula</ets>, fr. <ets>barba</ets> beard.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A very minute barb or beard.</def>



<au>Booth.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the processes along

the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs

interlock. See <er>Feather</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ca*rolle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barcarolle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>barcaruola</ets>, fr.

<ets>barca</ets> bark, barge.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A popular song or melody sung by Venetian

gondoliers.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A piece of music composed in

imitation of such a song.</def>



<hw>Bar"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>barcone</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a bark.]</ety> <def>A

vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.</def>



<hw>Bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of Celtic origin;

cf. W. <ets>bardd</ets>, Arm. <ets>barz</ets>, Ir. & Gael.

<ets>bard</ets>, and F. <ets>barde</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts,

whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the

heroic achievements of princes and brave men.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A poet; <as>as, the <ex>bard</ex> of

Avon</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bard</hw>, <hw>Barde</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>barde</ets>, of doubtful

origin.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental)

armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in

the <pos>pl.</pos>]</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Defensive armor formerly worn

by a man at arms.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A thin slice of fat bacon

used to cover any meat or game.</def>



<hw>Bard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To

cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.</def>



<hw>Bard"ed</hw>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bard</er> horse

armor.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Accoutered with defensive armor;

-- said of a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Wearing rich caparisons.</def>



<q>Fifteen hundred men . . . <qex>barded</qex> and richly

trapped.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<hw>Bard"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to bards,

or their poetry.</def>



\'bdThe <qex>bardic</qex> lays of ancient Greece.\'b8

<au>G. P. Marsh.</au>



<hw>Bard"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to, or written

by, a bard or bards.</def> \'bd<xex>Bardish</xex> impostures.\'b8



<au>Selden.</au>



<hw>Bard"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The system of

bards; the learning and maxims of bards.</def>



<hw>Bard"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inferior

bard.</def>



<au>J. Cunningham.</au>



<hw>Bard"ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being a

bard.</def>



<hw>Bare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bare</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91r</ets>; akin to

D. & G. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG. <ets>par</ets>, Icel.

<ets>berr</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bar</ets>, OSlav.

<ets>bos<?/</ets> barefoot, Lith. <ets>basas</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>bh\'bes</ets> to shine <?/.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Without clothes or covering; stripped of the

usual covering; naked; <as>as, his body is <ex>bare</ex>; the

trees are <ex>bare</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With head uncovered; bareheaded.</def>



<q>When once thy foot enters the church, be <qex>bare</qex>.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Without anything to cover up or conceal one's

thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.</def>



<q><qex>Bare</qex> in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear !</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald;

meager.</def> \'bdUttering <xex>bare</xex> truth.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or

scantily furnished; -- used with <xex>of</xex>  (rarely with

<xex>in</xex>) before the thing wanting or taken away; <as>as, a

room <ex>bare</ex> of furniture</as>.</def>  \'bdA

<xex>bare</xex> treasury.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Threadbare; much worn.</def>



<q>It appears by their <qex>bare</qex> liveries that they live by

your bare words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else;

<as>as, a <ex>bare</ex> majority</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>bare</xex> necessaries of life.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Nor are men prevailed upon by <qex>bare</qex> of naked

truth.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<cs><col>Under bare poles</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having no

sail set.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Surface; body;

substance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>You have touched the very <qex>bare</qex> of naked truth.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of a roofing slate,

shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the

weather.</def>



<hw>Bare</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bared</er>(<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Baring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>barian</ets>. See

<er>Bare</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To strip off the

covering of; to make bare; <as>as, to <ex>bare</ex> the

breast</as>.</def>



<hw>Bare</hw>. <def>Bore; the old preterit of <er>Bear</er>,

<pos>v.</pos></def>



<hw>Bare"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>On the

bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; <as>as, to ride

<ex>bareback</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bare"backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

back uncovered; <as>as, a <ex>barebacked</ex> horse</as>.</def>



<hw>Bare"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very lean

person; one whose bones show through the skin.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bare"faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>With the face uncovered; not masked.</def> \'bdYou will play

<xex>barefaced</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without concealment; undisguised. Hence:

Shameless; audacious.</def> \'bd<xex>Barefaced</xex> treason.\'b8



<au>J. Baillie.</au>



<hw>Bare"faced`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Openly;

shamelessly.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Bare"faced`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness.</def>



<hw>Bare"foot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>With

the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.</def>



<hw>Bare"foot`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the feet

bare.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*r\'82ge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bar\'82ge</ets>, so called from <ets>Bar\'82ges</ets>, a

town in the Pyrenees.]</ety> <def>A gauzelike fabric for ladies'

dresses, veils, etc. of worsted, silk and worsted, or cotton and

worsted.</def>



<hw>Bare"hand`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Having

bare hands.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bare"head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bare"head</hw> 

}</mhw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Having the head uncovered;

<as>as, a <ex>bareheaded</ex> girl</as>.</def>



<hw>Bare"legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

legs bare.</def>



<hw>Bare"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without

covering; nakedly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without concealment or disguise.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Merely; only.</def>



<q><qex>R</qex>. For now his son is duke.

<qex>W</qex>. <qex>Barely</qex> in title, not in revenue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>But just; without any excess; with nothing to

spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly;

<as>as, there was <ex>barely</ex> enough for all; he

<ex>barely</ex> escaped.</as></def>



<hw>Bare"necked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

neck bare.</def>



<hw>Bare"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

bare.</def>



<hw>Bare"sark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Literally,

<ets>bare sark</ets> or <ets>shirt</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or shirt of

mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.</def>



<hw>Bar"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Calico bass</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

obstructions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bar"gain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bargayn</ets>, <ets>bargany</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigne</ets>,

<ets>bargagne</ets>, prob. from a supposed LL.

<ets>barcaneum</ets>, fr. <ets>barca</ets> a boat which carries

merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry

on commerce in general. See <er>Bark</er> a vessel. ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An agreement between parties concerning the sale

of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to

transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the

other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the

consideration.</def>



<q>A contract is a <qex>bargain</qex> that is legally

binding.</q>

<qau>Wharton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An agreement or stipulation; mutual

pledge.</def>



<q>And whon your honors mean to solemnize

The <qex>bargain</qex> of your faith.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a

gainful transaction; an advantageous purchase; <as>as, to buy a

thing at a <ex>bargain</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The thing stipulated or purchased; also,

anything bought cheap.</def>



<q>She was too fond of her most filthy <qex>bargain</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Bargain and sale</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a species

of conveyance, by which the bargainor contracts to convey the

lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee

for and seized to the use of the bargainee. The statute then

completes the purchase; <xex>i<xex>.<xex>e<xex>., the bargain

vests the use, and the statute vests the possession.

<xex>Blackstone<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Into the bargain</col>,

<cd>over and above what is stipulated; besides.</cd> -- <col>To

sell bargains</col>, <cd>to make saucy ( usually indelicate)

repartees. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>To

strike a bargain</col>, <cd>to reach or ratify an agreement.

\'bdA bargain was <xex>struck<xex>.\'b8

<au>Macaulay</au>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.</syn>



<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barganien</ets>, OF. <ets>bargaigner</ets>, F.

<ets>barguigner</ets>, to hesitate, fr. LL.

<ets>barcaniare</ets>. See <er>Bargain</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of

property or services; -- followed by <xex>with</xex> and

<xex>for</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex> with a farmer for a

cow</as>.</def>



<q>So worthless peasants <qex>bargain</qex> for their wives.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bar"gain</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bargained</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bargaining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To transfer for a

consideration; to barter; to trade; <as>as, to <ex>bargain</ex>

one horse for another</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To bargain away</col>, <cd>to dispose of in a bargain;

-- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to

<xex>bargain away<xex> one's birthright. \'bdThe heir . . . had

somehow <xex>bargained away<xex> the estate.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Bar`fain*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bargaign\'82</ets>, p.p. See <er>Bargain</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The party to a contract who

receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Bar"gain*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of

<xex>bargainor</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bar`gain*or"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One who makes a bargain, or contracts with

another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to

another.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Barge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>barge</ets>, F. <ets>berge</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets>,

for <ets>barica</ets> (not found), prob. fr. L. <ets>baris</ets>

an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Egyptian:

cf. Coptic <ets>bari</ets> a boat. Cf. <er>Bark</er> a

vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat

of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of

passengers or goods; <as>as, a ship's <ex>barge</ex>; a charcoal

<ex>barge</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large boat used by flag officers.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A double-decked passenger or freight vessel,

towed by a steamboat.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A large omnibus used for excursions.</def>

<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Barge"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

corrup. of <ets>vergeboard</ets>; or cf. LL. <ets>bargus</ets> a

kind of gallows.]</ety> <def>A vergeboard.</def>



<hw>Barge"course`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bargeboard</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A part of the

tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings

where there is a gable.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Bar*gee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bargeman.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Barge"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The man who

manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.</def>



<hw>Barge"mast`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a

barge.</def>



<hw>Bar"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The manager of

a barge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"ghest`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. G.

<ets>berg</ets> mountain + <ets>geist</ets> demon, or

<ets>b\'84r</ets> a bear + <ets>geist</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune.</def> 

<altsp>[Also written <asp>barguest</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ba"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Barium</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Baryta.</def>



<hw>Bar"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to barium; <as>as, <ex>baric</ex>

oxide</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ic</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

weight.]</ety> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to

weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as

measured by the barometer.</def>



<hw>Ba*ril"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>barrilla</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made,

by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The alkali

produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used

for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any

seashore plant, or kelp.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<cs><col>Copper barilla</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>native

copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from

Bolivia; -- called also <altname>Barilla de

cobre</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bar"il*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

dim. of <ets>baril</ets> barrel.]</ety> <def>A little cask, or

something resembling one.</def>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Bar" i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Iron</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba"rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in

transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally

tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms

resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is

often called <altname>heavy spar</altname>. It is a common

mineral in metallic veins.</def>



<hw>Bar"i*tone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barytone</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<ets><grk>bary`s</grk></ets> heavy.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group;

a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high

temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the

facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic

weight, 137.  Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called

<xex>baryta</xex>.</def>  <altsp>[Rarely written

<asp>barytum</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ Some of the compounds of this element are remarkable

for their high specific gravity, as the sulphate, called

<xex>heavy spar</xex>, and the like. The oxide was called

<xex>barote</xex>, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed

by Lavoisier to <xex>baryta</xex>, whence the name of the

metal.</note>



<hw>Bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to Dan. &

Sw. <ets>bark</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94rkr</ets>, LG. & HG.

<ets>borke</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The exterior covering

of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, Peruvian bark.</def>



<cs><col>Bark bed</col>. <cd>See <er>Bark stove</er>

(below).</cd> -- <col>Bark pit</col>, <cd>a pit filled with bark

and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning.</cd> --

<col>Bark stove</col> <fld>(Hort.)</fld>, <cd>a glazed structure

for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark

(called a <xex>bark bed<xex>)  or other fermentable matter which

produces a moist heat.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Barked</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strip the bark

from; to peel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as

to <xex>bark</xex> one's heel.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To girdle. See <er>Girdle</er>, <xex>v.

t.</xex>, 3.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark;

<as>as, to <ex>bark</ex> the roof of a hut</as>.</def>



<hw>Bark</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>berken</ets>, AS.

<ets>beorcan</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>berkja</ets>, and prob. to

E. <ets>break</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a short,

loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some

animals, but especially of dogs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a clamor; to make importunate

outcries.</def>



<q>They <qex>bark</qex>, and say the Scripture maketh

heretics.</q>

<qau>Tyndale.</qau>



<q>Where there is the <qex>barking</qex> of the belly, there no

other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Bark</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The short, loud, explosive

sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other

animals.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bark</hw>, <hw>Barque</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>barque</ets>, fr. Sp. or It.

<ets>barca</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>barca</ets> for <ets>barica</ets>.

See <er>Barge</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a

pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now

applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A three-masted vessel, having

her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast

schooner-rigged.</def>



<hw>Bark"an*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Barkentine</er>.</def>



<hw>Bark" bee`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small beetle of many species (family <spn>Scolytid\'91</spn>),

which in the larval state bores under or in the bark of trees,

often doing great damage.</def>



<hw>Bark"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Prevented

from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.</def>



<hw>Bar"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.</def>



<hw>Bark"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

bark.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Whittier.</au>



<hw>Bark"en*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bark</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, a vessel.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and

the others schooner-rigged. <altsp>[Spelled also

<asp>barquentine</asp>, <asp>barkantine</asp>, etc.]</altsp> See

<xex>Illust</xex>. in Append.</def>



<hw>Bark"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who stands at the doors of shops to urg<?/

passers by to make purchases.</def> <mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pistol.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spotted

redshank.</def>



<hw>Bark"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who strips trees of

their bark.</def>



<hw>Bark"er's mill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From Dr.

<ets>Barker</ets>, the inventor.]</ety> <def>A machine, invented

in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The

water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in

hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its

axis.</def>



<hw>Bark"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

tanhouse.</def>



<hw>Bark"ing i`rons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.</def>



<au>Gardner.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pair of pistols.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Bark"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of bark.</def>



<hw>Bark" louse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

insect of the family <spn>Coccid\'91</spn>, which infests the

bark of trees and vines.</def>



<note><hand/ The wingless females assume the shape of scales. The

bark louse of vine is <spn>Pulvinaria innumerabilis</spn>; that

of the pear is <spn>Lecanium pyri</spn>. See <er>Orange

scale</er>.</note>



<hw>Bark"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with, or

containing, bark.</def> \'bdThe <xex>barky</xex> fingers of the

elm.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bar"ley</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barli</ets>, <ets>barlich</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'91rlic</ets>;

<ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>l\'c6c</ets> (which is prob. the

same as E. <ets>like</ets>, adj., or perh. a form of AS.

<ets>le\'bec</ets> leek). AS. <ets>bere</ets> is akin to Icel,

<ets>barr</ets> barley, Goth. <ets>barizeins</ets> made of

barley, L. <ets>far</ets> spelt; cf. W. <ets>barlys</ets> barley,

<ets>bara</ets> bread. <?/92. Cf. <er>Farina</er>, 6th

<er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A valuable grain, of

the family of grasses, genus <xex>Hordeum</xex>, used for food,

and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and

whisky.</def>



<-- p. 120  -->



<cs><col>Barley bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

siskin.</cd> -- <col>Barley sugar</col>, <cd>sugar boiled till it

is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and

candied.</cd> -- <col>Barley water</col>, <cd>a decoction of

barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"ley*brake` Bar"ley*break`</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An ancient rural game, commonly

played round stacks of barley, or other grain, in which some of

the party attempt to catch others who run from a goal.</def>



<hw>Bar"ley-bree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Lit.

barley broth. See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <def>Liquor made from

barley; strong ale.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Bar"ley*corn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Corn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A grain or \'bdcorn\'b8 of

barley.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the

average length of a grain of barley; the third part of an

inch.</def>



<cs><col>John Barleycorn</col>, <cd>a humorous personification of

barley as the source of malt liquor or whisky.</cd></cs>



<hw>Barm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>berme</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to Sw.

<ets>b\'84rma</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84rme</ets>, and prob. L.

<ets>fermenium</ets>. \'fb93.]</ety> <def>Foam rising upon beer,

or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in

making bread and in brewing; yeast.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Barm</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bearm</ets>,

<ets>berm</ets>, <ets>barm</ets>, AS. <ets>beorma</ets>; akin to

E. <ets>bear</ets> to support.]</ety> <def>The lap or

bosom.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bar"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A girl or

woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or

beershop.</def>



<q>A bouncing <qex>barmaid</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bar"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Berg</ets> + <ets>master</ets>: cf. G.

<ets>Bergmeister</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formerly, a local judge among

miners; now, an officer of the barmote.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Barm"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bar"me*ci`dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Barmecide</er>.]</ety> <def>Unreal; illusory.</def> \'bdA

sort of <xex>Barmecidal</xex> feast.\'b8



<au>Hood.</au>



<hw>Bar"me*cide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A prince

of the <ets>Barmecide</ets> family, who, as related in the 

\'bdArabian Nights' Tales\'b8, pretended to set before the hungry

Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.]</ety>

<def>One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also

used as an <xex>adj</xex>.: Barmecidal.</def> \'bdA

<xex>Barmecide</xex> feast.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bar"mote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Barg</ets> + <ets>mote</ets> meeting.]</ety> <def>A

court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies

between miners.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Balm"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of barm or

froth; in a ferment.</def> \'bd<xex>Barmy</xex> beer.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Barn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bern</ets>, AS. <ets>berern</ets>, <ets>bern</ets>;

<ets>bere</ets> barley + <ets>ern</ets>, <ets>\'91rn</ets>, a

close place. <?/92. See <er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <def>A covered

building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other

productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is

often used for stables.</def>



<cs><col>Barn owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an owl of

Europe and America (<spn>Aluco flammeus</spn>, or <spn>Strix

flammea</spn>), which frequents barns and other buildings.</cd>

-- <col>Barn swallow</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common

American swallow (<spn>Hirundo horreorum</spn>), which attaches

its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.</cd></cs>



<hw>Barn</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To lay up in a barn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Men . . . often <qex>barn</qex> up the chaff, and burn up the

grain.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Barn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A child. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

See <er>Bairn</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"na*bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of a religious order, named from St.

Barnabas.</def>



<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

E. <ets>barnacle</ets> a kind of goose, which was popularly

supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from LL.

<ets>bernacula</ets> for <ets>pernacula</ets>, dim. of

<ets>perna</ets> ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ham Cf.

F. <ets>bernacle</ets>, <ets>barnacle</ets>, E.

<ets>barnacle</ets> a goose; and Ir. <ets>bairneach</ets>,

<ets>barneach</ets>, limpet.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber,

ships, etc., esp. <sd>(a)</sd> the sessile species (genus

<xex>Balanus</xex> and allies), and <sd>(b)</sd> the stalked or

goose barnacles (genus <xex>Lepas</xex> and allies). See

<er>Cirripedia</er>, and <er>Goose barnacle</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Barnacle eater</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

orange filefish.</cd> -- <col>Barnacle scale</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bark louse (<spn>Ceroplastes

cirripediformis</spn>) of the orange and quince trees in Florida.

The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in

form.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bernicle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle goose.</def>



<hw>Bar"na*cle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernak</ets>,

<ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bernac</ets>, and Prov. F.

(Berri) <ets>berniques</ets>, spectacles.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An instrument for

pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him.</def>

<note>[Formerly used in the <pos>sing.</pos>]</note>



<q>The <qex>barnacles</qex> . . . give pain almost equal to that

of the

switch.</q>

<qau>Youatt.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Spectacles; -- so called from

their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers.</def>

<mark>[Cant, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Barn"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A yard

belonging to a barn.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*roc"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Baroque</er>.</def>



<hw>Bar"o*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr.<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Meteor.)</fld> <def>An instrument for recording

automatically the variations of atmospheric pressure.</def>



<hw>Ba*ro"ko</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A mnemonic

word.]</ety> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form or mode of syllogism

of which the first proposition is a universal affirmative, and

the other two are particular negative.</def>



<hw>Ba*rol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science

of weight or gravity.</def>



<hw>Bar`o*ma*crom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> long +

<ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An instrument

for ascertaining the weight and length of a newborn infant.</def>



<hw>Ba*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-meter</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>barom\'8atre</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument for

determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence

for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for

ascertaining the height of any ascent.</def>



<note><hand/ The barometer was invented by Torricelli at Florence

about 1643. It is made in its simplest form by filling a

graduated glass tube about 34 inches long with mercury and

inverting it in a cup containing mercury. The column of mercury

in the tube descends until balanced by the weight of the

atmosphere, and its rise or fall under varying conditions is a

measure of the change in the atmospheric pressure. At the sea

level its ordinary height is about 30 inches (760 millimeters).

See <er>Sympiesometer</er>.</note>



<au>Nichol.</au>



<cs><col>Aneroid barometer</col>. <cd>See <xex>Aneroid

barometer<xex>, under <er>Aneroid</er>.</cd> -- <col>Marine

barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer with tube contracted at bottom

to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in

gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard.</cd> --

<col>Mountain barometer</col>, <cd>a portable mercurial barometer

with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights.</cd>

-- <col>Siphon barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer having a tube

bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The

height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the

atmosphere.</cd> -- <col>Wheel barometer</col>, <cd>a barometer

with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a

pulley and moves an index.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar`o*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a

barometer; <as>as, <ex>barometric</ex> changes;

<ex>barometrical</ex> observations.</as></def>



<hw>Bar`o*met"ric*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>By means of a

barometer, or according to barometric observations.</def>



<hw>Bar`o*met"ro*graph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets><?/</ets> measure +

<ets>-graph</ets>.]</ety> <def>A form of barometer so constructed

as to inscribe of itself upon paper a record of the variations of

atmospheric pressure.</def>



<hw>Ba*rom"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art or

process of making barometrical measurements.</def>



<hw>Bar"o*metz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Russ.

<ets>baranets'</ets> clubmoss.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

woolly-skinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (<spn>Dicksonia

barometz</spn>), which, when specially prepared and inverted,

somewhat resembles a lamb; -- called also <altname>Scythian

lamb</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bar"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baron</ets>, <ets>barun</ets>, OF. <ets>baron</ets>, accus.

of <ets>ber</ets>, F. <ets>baron</ets>, prob. fr. OHG.

<ets>baro</ets> (not found) bearer, akin to E. <ets>bear</ets> to

support; cf. O. Frisian <ets>bere</ets>, LL. <ets>baro</ets>, It.

<ets>barone</ets>, Sp. <ets>varon</ets>. From the meaning

<ets>bearer</ets> (of burdens) seem to have come the senses

<ets>strong man</ets>, <ets>man</ets> (in distinction from

woman), which is the oldest meaning in French, and lastly,

<ets>nobleman</ets>. Cf. L. <ets>baro</ets>, simpleton. See

<er>Bear</er> to support.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A title or degree of nobility; originally, the

possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern

times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a

count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of

Lords, being next below a viscount.</def>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe tenants in chief from the Crown, who held

lands of the annual value of four hundred pounds, were styled

<xex>Barons</xex>; and it is to them, and not to the members of

the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the

present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the

Barons of the early days of England's history . . . . Barons are

addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All

their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'\'b8</note>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>A husband; <as>as,

<ex>baron</ex> and <ex>feme</ex>, husband and wife</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<cs><col>Baron of beef</col>, <cd>two sirloins not cut asunder at

the backbone.</cd> -- <col>Barons of the Cinque Ports</col>,

<cd>formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the

seven Cinque Ports, two for each port.</cd> -- <col>Baron of the

exchequer</col>, <cd>the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of

the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"on*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barnage</ets>, <ets>baronage</ets>, OF.<ets>barnage</ets>,

F. <ets>baronnage</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>baronagium</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The whole body of barons or peers.</def>



<q>The <qex>baronage</qex> of the kingdom.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The dignity or rank of a baron.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The land which gives title to a baron.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"on*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A baron's

wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in her own right;

<as>as, the <ex>Baroness</ex> Burdett-Coutts</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar"on*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Baron</ets> + <ets>-et</ets>.]</ety> <def>A dignity or

degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having

precedency of all orders of knights except those of the Garter.

It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The baronets

are commoners.</def>



<note><hand/ The order was founded by James I. in 1611, and is

given by patent. The word, however, in the sense of a

<xex>lesser</xex> baron, was in use long before. \'bdBaronets

have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their Christian names; their

surnames being followed by their dignity, usually abbreviated

<xex>Bart</xex>. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or 'Madam'.

Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'\'b8</note>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>Bar"on*et*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>State or rank of a baronet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The collective body of baronets.</def>



<hw>Bar"on*et*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rank

or patent of a baronet.</def>



<hw>Ba*ro"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to a baron or a barony.</def> \'bd<xex>Baronial</xex> tenure.\'b8



<au>Hallam.</au>



<hw>Bar"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Baronies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[OF. <ets>baronie</ets>,

F. <ets>baronnie</ets>, LL. <ets>baronia</ets>. See

<er>Baron</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fee or domain of a

baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In Ireland, a territorial division,

corresponding nearly to the English <xex>hundred</xex>, and

supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief.

There are 252  of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive

freehold. It may be held by a commoner.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Ba*roque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.; cf. It.

<ets>barocco</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In bad taste;

grotesque; odd.</def>



<hw>Bar"o*scope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> weight + <ets>-scope</ets>:  cf. F.

<ets>baroscope</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any instrument showing the

changes in the weight of the atmosphere; also, less

appropriately, any instrument that indicates -or foreshadows

changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid holding in

suspension some substance which rises and falls with atmospheric

changes.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar`o*scop"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bar`o*scop"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.</def>



<hw>Ba*rouche"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>barutsche</ets>, It. <ets>baroccio</ets>,

<ets>biroccio</ets>, LL. <ets>barrotium</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>birotus</ets> two-wheeled; <ets>bi=bis</ets> twice +

<ets>rota</ets> wheel.]</ety> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, with

a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two

double seats on the inside arranged so that the sitters on the

front seat face those on the back seat.</def>



<hw>Ba`rou*chet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

light barouche.</def>



<hw>Bar"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A post sunk

in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage into a

field.</def>



<hw>Barque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as 3d

<er>Bark</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Bar"ra*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>baracan</ets>, <ets>bouracan</ets> (cf. Pr.

<ets>barracan</ets>, It. <ets>baracane</ets>, Sp.

<ets>barragan</ets>, Pg. <ets>barregana</ets>, LL.

<ets>barracanus</ets>), fr. Ar. <ets>barrak\'ben</ets> a kind of

black gown, perh. fr. Per. <ets>barak</ets> a garment made of

camel's hair.]</ety> <def>A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like

camlet; -- still used for outer garments in the Levant.</def>



<hw>Bar"rack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>baraque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>baracca</ets> (cf. Sp.

<ets>barraca</ets>), from LL. <ets>barra</ets> bar. See

<er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A building for soldiers,

especially when in garrison. Commonly in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>,

originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a

permanent structure or set of buildings.</def>



<q>He lodged in a miserable hut or <qex>barrack</qex>, composed

of dry branches and thatched with straw.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover

hay, straw, etc.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To supply with barracks;

to establish in barracks; <as>as, to <ex>barrack</ex>

troops</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar"rack</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To live or lodge in

barracks.</def>



<hw>Bar"ra*clade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>baar</ets>, OD. <ets>baer</ets>, naked, bare +

<ets>kleed</ets> garment, <ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., cloth

undressed or without nap.]</ety> <def>A home-made woolen blanket

without nap.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bar"ra*coon`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp. or

Pg. <ets>barraca</ets>. See <er>Barrack</er>.]</ety> <def>A slave

warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered

temporarily.</def>



<au>Du Chaillu.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar`ra*cu"da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bar`ra*cou"ata</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious pikelike,

marine fish, of the genus <spn>Sphyr\'91na</spn>, sometimes used

as food.</def>



<note><hand/ That of Europe and our Atlantic coast is

<spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn> (or <spn>S. vulgaris</spn>); a

southern species is <spn>S. picuda</spn>; the Californian is

<spn>S. argentea</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large edible fresh-water

fish of Australia and New Zealand (<spn>Thyrsites

atun</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bar"rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>barrer</ets> to bar, from <ets>barre</ets> bar.]</ety>

<fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An artificial bar or obstruction placed

in a river or water course to increase the depth of water;

<as>as, the <ex>barrages</ex> of the Nile</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bar*ran"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A ravine caused by heavy rains or a

watercourse.</def> <mark>[Texas & N. Mex.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bar"ras</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A resin, called also <altname>galipot</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ra*tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baratour</ets>, OF. <ets>barateor</ets> deceiver, fr. OF.

<ets>barater</ets>, <ets>bareter</ets>, to deceive, cheat,

barter. See <er>Barter</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>One

guilty of barratry.</def>



<hw>Bar"ra*trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos><?/</pos>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Tainter with, or constituting,

barratry.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bar"ra*trous*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Kent.</au>



<hw>Bar"ra*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>baraterie</ets>, LL. <ets>barataria</ets>. See

<er>Barrator</er>, and cf. <er>Bartery</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The practice of exciting and encouraging

lawsuits and quarrels.</def> <altsp>[Also spelt

<asp>barretry</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Coke. Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mar. Law)</fld> <def>A fraudulent breach of

duty or willful act of known illegality on the part of a master

of a ship, in his character of master, or of the mariners, to the

injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and without his

consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with

dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or

deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo.</def>



<au>Kent. Part.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>The crime of a judge who

is influenced by bribery in pronouncing judgment.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Barred" owl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

large American owl (<spn>Syrnium nebulosum</spn>); -- so called

from the transverse bars of a dark brown color on the

breast.</def>



<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>barel</ets>, F. <ets>baril</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>barre</ets>

bar. Cf. <er>Barricade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A round

vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in

the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends

or heads.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity which constitutes a full barrel.

This varies for different articles and also in different places

for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A

barrel of wine is 31<frac12/ gallons; a barrel of flour is 196

pounds.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case;

<as>as, the <ex>barrel</ex> of a windlass; the <ex>barrel</ex> of

a watch, within which the spring is coiled.</as></def>



<-- p. 121  -->



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a

projectile is discharged.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A jar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>1 Kings xvii. 12.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The hollow basal part of a

feather.</def>



<cs><col>Barrel bulk</col> <fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a measure equal

to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel

for freight.</cd> -- <col>Barrel drain</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube.</cd> --

<col>Barrel of a boiler</col>, <cd>the cylindrical part of a

boiler, containing the flues.</cd> -- <col>Barrel of the

ear</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the tympanum, or tympanic

cavity.</cd> -- <col>Barrel organ</col>, <cd>an instrument for

producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. --

<xex>Barrel vault<xex>. See under <er>Vault</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Barreled</er> (<?/), or

<er>Barrelled</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barreling</er>, or <er>Barrelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"reled</hw>, <hw>Bar"relled</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a barrel; -- used in

composition; <as>as, a double-<ex>barreled</ex> gun</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barein</ets>, OF. <ets>brehaing</ets>, <?/em.

<ets>brehaigne</ets>, <ets>baraigne</ets>, F.

<ets>br\'82haigne</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm.

<ets>br\'82kha<?/</ets>, <ets>markha<?/</ets>, sterile; LL.

<ets>brana</ets> a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and

Spanish documents; Bisc. <ets>barau</ets>, <ets>baru</ets>,

fasting.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Incapable of producing

offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- <?/aid of women and

female animals.</def>



<q>She was <qex>barren</qex> of children.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation;

<?/rile.</def> \'bd<xex>Barren</xex> mountain tracts.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable;

empty.</def>



<q>Brilliant but <qex>barren</qex> reveries.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Some schemes will appear <qex>barren</qex> of hints and

matter.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Mentally dull; stupid.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Barren flower</col>, <cd>a flower which has only stamens

without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils.</cd>

-- <col>Barren Grounds</col> <fld>(Geog.)</fld>, <cd>a vast tract

in British America northward of the forest regions.</cd> --

<col>Barren Ground bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be

a variety of the brown bear of Europe.</cd> -- <col>Barren Ground

caribou</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small reindeer

(<spn>Rangifer Gr\'d2nlandicus</spn>) peculiar to the Barren

Grounds and Greenland.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bar"ren</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A tract of

barren land.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Elevated lands or plains on

which grow small trees, but not timber; <as>as, pine

<ex>barrens</ex>; oak <ex>barrens</ex></as>. They are not

necessarily sterile, and are often fertile.</def>

<mark>[Amer.]</mark>



<au>J. Pickering.</au>



<hw>Bar"ren*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Unfruitfully;

unproductively.</def>



<hw>Bar"ren*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition of being

barren; sterility; unproductiveness.</def>



<q>A total <qex>barrenness</qex> of invention.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bar"ren*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family

(<spn>Epimedium alpinum</spn>), having leaves that are bitter and

said to be sudorific.</def>



<hw>Bar"ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barrette</ets>, LL. <ets>barretum</ets> a cap. See

<er>Berretta</er>, and cf. <er>Biretta</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind

of cap formerly worn by soldiers; -- called also <altname>barret

cap</altname>. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic

ecclesiastics.</def>



<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barricade</ets>, fr. Sp. <ets>barricada</ets>, orig. a

barring up with casks; fr. <ets>barrica</ets> cask, perh. fr. LL.

<ets>barra</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Barrel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A fortification, made in

haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will

obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an

obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.</def>



<q>Such a <qex>barricade</qex> as would greatly annoy, or

absolutely stop,

the currents of the atmosphere.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<hw>Bar`ri*cade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Barricaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Barricading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>barricader</ets>. See <er>Barricade</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To fortify or close with a barricade or

with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; <as>as,

the workmen <ex>barricaded</ex> the streets of Paris</as>.</def>



<q>The further end whereof [a bridge] was <qex>barricaded</qex>

with barrels.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<hw>Bar`ri*cad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

constructs barricades.</def>



<hw>Bar`ri*ca"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos>

<def>See <er>Barricade</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bar"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barrere</ets>, <ets>barere</ets>, F. <ets>barri\'8are</ets>,

fr. <ets>barre</ets> bar. See <er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A carpentry obstruction,

stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an

enemy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of

a country, commanding an avenue of approach.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A fence or railing to mark the

limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd.</def>



<q>No sooner were the <qex>barriers</qex> opened, than he paced

into the lists.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An any obstruction; anything which hinders

approach or attack.</def> \'bdConstitutional

<xex>barriers</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hopkinson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Any limit or boundary; a line of

separation.</def>



<q>'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice

<qex>barrier</qex> !</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Barrier gate</col>, <cd>a heavy gate to close the

opening through a barrier.</cd> -- <col>Barrier reef</col>, <cd>a

form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the

shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive.</cd>

-- <col>To fight at barriers</col>, <cd>to fight with a barrier

between, as a martial exercise. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bar`ri*gu"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name, fr. Sp. <ets>barrigudo</ets>

big-bellied.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large,

dark-colored, South American monkey, of the genus

<xex>Lagothrix</xex>, having a long prehensile tail.</def>



<hw>Bar`ring*out"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; -- a

boyish mode of rebellion in schools.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bar"ris*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Counselor at law; a

counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public

trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor.

See <er>Attorney</er>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bar"room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A room

containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.</def>



<hw>Bar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barow</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>beran</ets> to bear. See

<er>Bear</er> to support, and cf. <er>Bier</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A support having handles, and with or without a

wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand.

See <er>Handbarrow</er>, and <er>Wheelbarrow</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Salt Works)</fld> <def>A wicker case, in which

salt is put to drain.</def>



<hw>Bar"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>barow</ets>, <ets>bargh</ets>, AS. <ets>bearg</ets>,

<ets>bearh</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'94rgr</ets>, OHG.

<ets>barh</ets>, <ets>barug</ets>, G. <ets>barch</ets>.

<?/95.]</ety> <def>A hog, esp. a male hog castrated.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Bar"row</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bergh</ets>, AS.

<ets>beorg</ets>, <ets>beorh</ets>, hill, sepulchral mound; akin

to G. <ets>berg</ets> mountain, Goth. <ets>bairgahei</ets> hill,

hilly country, and perh. to Skr. <ets>b<?/hant</ets> high, OIr.

<ets>brigh</ets> mountain.  Cf. <er>Berg</er>, <er>Berry</er> a

mound, and <er>Borough</er> an incorporated town.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large mound of earth or stones over the

remains of the dead; a tumulus.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap of rubbish, attle,

etc.</def>



<hw>Bar"row*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of

Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was

executed for nonconformity in 1953.</def>



<hw>Bar"ru*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>bar</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A diminutive of

the bar, having one fourth its width.</def>



<hw>Bar"ru*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Traversed by barrulets or small bars; -- said of the

field.</def>



<hw>Bar"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld><def>, Divided into bars; -- said of the

field.</def>



<hw>Barse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bears</ets>, <ets>b\'91rs</ets>, akin to D.

<ets>baars</ets>, G. <ets>bars</ets>, <ets>barsch</ets>. Cf. 1st

<er>Bass</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The common perch. See

1st <er>Bass</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bar"tend`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

barkeeper.</def>



<hw>Bar"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bartered</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bartering</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bartren</ets>, OF. <ets>barater</ets>,

<ets>bareter</ets>, to cheat, exchange, perh. fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or

tricks, or perh. fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>brath</ets> treachery,

W. <ets>brad</ets>. Cf. <er>Barrator</er>.]</ety> <def>To traffic

or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction

from a <xex>sale</xex> and <xex>purchase</xex>, in which money is

paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.</def>



<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To trade or exchange in

the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy

consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by

<xex>away</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>barter</ex> away goods or

honor</as>.</def>



<hw>Bar"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange

of goods.</def>



<q>The spirit of huckstering and <qex>barter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing given in exchange.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.</syn>



<hw>Bar"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

barters.</def>



<hw>Bar"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Barter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Barth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

unknown.]</ety> <def>A place of shelter for cattle.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bar*thol"o*mew tide`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Time of the

festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bar"ti*zan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Brettice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small,

overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting

at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.</def>



<hw>Bart"lett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated

in England about 1770, and was called <xex>Williams'

Bonchr\'82tien</xex>. It was brought to America, and distributed

by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.</def>



<hw>Bar"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beret<?/n</ets> courtyard, grange; <ets>bere</ets> barley +

<ets>t<?/n</ets> an inclosure. ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A farmyard.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Bar"tram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bertram</er>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bar"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A passage into

a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out of the

posts.</def>



<hw>Bar"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Horizontally.</def>



<hw>Bar"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red wood of

a leguminous tree (<spn>Baphia nitida</spn>), from Angola and the

Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for ramrods,

violin bows and turner's work.</def>



<hw>Bar`y*cen"tric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> center.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to the center of gravity. See <cref>Barycentric

calculus</cref>, under <er>Calculus</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba*ryph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> a sound voice.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Difficulty of speech.</def>



<hw>Ba*ry"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> heavy. Cf. <er>Baria</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy

earth with a specific gravity above 4.</def>



<hw>Ba*ry"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> heavy:  cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> heaviness, F.

<ets>baryte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Barium sulphate,

generally called <altname>heavy spar</altname> or

<altname>barite</altname>. See <er>Barite</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba*ryt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to baryta.</def>



<hw>Ba*ry"to-cal"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Baryta</ets> + <ets>calcite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a white or gray color,

occurring massive or crystallized. It is a compound of the

carbonates of barium and calcium.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>;

<ets><?/</ets> heavy + <ets><?/</ets> tone.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Grave and deep, as a kind of male

voice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>Not marked with an

accent on the last syllable, the grave accent being

understood.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bar"y*tone</hw>, <hw>Bar"i*tone</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>baryton</ets>: cf. It.

<ets>baritono</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A male voice, the compass of which partakes of

the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend as low

as the one, nor rise as high as the other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A person having a voice of such range.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Greek Gram.)</fld> <def>A word which has no

accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being

understood.</def>



<hw>Ba*ry"tum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The metal barium. See

<er>Barium</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Ba"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to, or

forming, the base.</def>



<cs><col>Basal cleavage</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cleavage</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basal plane</col>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>, <cd>one parallel to the lateral or

horizontal axis.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ba"sal-nerved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the nerves radiating from the base;

-- said of leaves.</def>



<hw>Ba*salt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[N.

<ets>basaltes</ets> (an African word), a dark and hard species of

marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. <ets>basalte</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A rock of igneous origin,

consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of

magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle-green particles of

olivine frequently disseminated.</def>



<note><hand/ It is usually of a greenish black color, or of some

dull brown shade, or black. It constitutes immense beds in some

regions, and also occurs in veins or dikes cutting through other

rocks. It has often a prismatic structure as at the Giant's

Causeway, in Ireland, where the columns are as regular as if the

work of art. It is a very tough and heavy rock, and is one of the

best materials for macadamizing roads.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a

kind of black porcelain.</def>



<hw>Ba*salt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>basaltique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to basalt; formed

of, or containing, basalt; as <xex>basaltic</xex> lava.</def>



<hw>Ba*salt"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>In the

form of basalt; columnar.</def>



<hw>Ba*salt"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basalt</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed

like basalt; basaltiform.</def>



<hw>Bas"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Basil</er>, a sheepskin.</def>



<hw>Bas"a*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>basanites</ets> lapis, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> the touchstone:

cf. F. <ets>basanite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Lydian

stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty slate,

of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the

purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color

left on the stone when rubbed by the metal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bas`bleu"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>bas</ets> stocking + <ets>bleu</ets> blue.]</ety> <def>A

bluestocking; a literary woman.</def> <mark>[Somewhat

derisive]</mark>



<hw>Bas"ci*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bacinet</ets>, <ets>basnet</ets>, OF. <ets>bassinet</ets>,

<ets>bacinet</ets>, F. <ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of OF.

<ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, a helmet in the form of a

basin.]</ety> <def>A light helmet, at first open, but later made

with a visor.</def>  <altsp>[Written also <asp>basinet</asp>,

<asp>bassinet</asp>, <asp>basnet</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bas"cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., a

seesaw.]</ety> <def>In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of

the seesaw, in which one end rises as the other falls.</def>



<cs><col>Bascule bridge</col>, <cd>a counterpoise or balanced

drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the counterpoise and thus

lifting the footway into the air.</cd></cs>



<hw>Base</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bass</ets>, F. <ets>bas</ets>, low, fr. LL.

<ets>bassus</ets> thick, fat, short, humble; cf. L.

<ets>Bassus</ets>, a proper name, and W. <ets>bas</ets> shallow.

Cf. <er>Bass</er> a part in music.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of

little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; <as>as,

<ex>base</ex> shrubs</as>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Low in place or position.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly;

mean.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdA pleasant and

<xex>base</xex> swain.\'b8



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Illegitimate by birth; bastard.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Why bastard? wherefore <qex>base</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Of little comparative value, as metal inferior

to gold and silver, the precious metals.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; <as>as,

<ex>base</ex> coin; <ex>base</ex> bullion.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy;

without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial;

<as>as, a <ex>base</ex> fellow; <ex>base</ex> motives;

<ex>base</ex> occupations.</as></def> \'bdA cruel act of a

<xex>base</xex> and a cowardish mind.\'b8 <au>Robynson (More's

Utopia)</au>. \'bd<xex>Base</xex> ingratitude.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Not classical or correct.</def>

\'bd<xex>Base</xex> Latin.\'b8



<au>Fuller.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Deep or grave in sound; <as>as, the

<ex>base</ex> tone of a violin</as>.</def> <altsp>[In this sense,

commonly written <asp>bass.</asp>]</altsp>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Not held by honorable service;

<as>as, a <ex>base</ex> estate, one held by services not

honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called

<ex>base</ex>, or low, and the tenant, a <ex>base</ex>

tenant.</as></def>



<cs><col>Base fee</col>, <cd>formerly, an estate held at the will

of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note under <er>Fee</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</cd> -- <col>Base metal</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Metal</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; low-minded;

infamous; sordid; degraded.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Base</er>,

<er>Vile</er>, <er>Mean</er>. These words, as expressing moral

qualities, are here arranged in the order of their strength, the

strongest being placed first. <xex>Base</xex> marks a high degree

of moral turpitude; <xex>vile</xex> and <xex>mean</xex> denote,

in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or worthy of

esteem. What is <xex>base</xex> excites our abhorrence; what is

<xex>vile</xex> provokes our disgust or indignation; what is

<xex>mean</xex> awakens contempt. <xex>Base</xex> is opposed to

high-minded; <xex>vile</xex>, to noble; <xex>mean</xex>, to

liberal or generous. Ingratitude is <xex>base</xex>; sycophancy

is <xex>vile</xex>; undue compliances are

<xex>mean</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Base</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>base</ets>, L.

<ets>basis</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a stepping step, a base,

pedestal, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to go, step, akin to E.

<ets>come</ets>. Cf. <er>Basis</er>, and see

<er>Come</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The bottom of anything,

considered as its support, or that on which something rests for

support; the foundation; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a

statue</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>base</xex> of mighty

mountains.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a

thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lower part

of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature,

usually in projection, or especially ornamented.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The lower part of a complete architectural

design, as of a monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate

piece of furniture or decoration.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>That extremity of a leaf,

fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.</def>



<-- p. 122  -->



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The positive, or non-acid

component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid,

neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; -- applied also to the

hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain

organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts

with acids.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Pharmacy)</fld> <def>The chief ingredient in a

compound.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Dyeing)</fld> <def>A substance used as a

mordant.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>The exterior side of the

polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles

of two adjacent bastions.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>The line or surface

constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to

stand.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>The number from which a

mathematical table is constructed; <as>as, the <ex>base</ex> of a

system of logarithms</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Base</er> low.]</ety> <def>A low, or

deep, sound. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The lowest part; the

deepest male voice. <sd>(b)</sd> One who sings, or the instrument

which plays, base.</def>  <altsp>[Now commonly written

<asp>bass</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The trebles squeak for fear, the <qex>bases</qex> roar.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A place or tract of country,

protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which

the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made,

supplies are furnished, etc.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The smallest kind of

cannon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>14.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>That part of an organ by

which it is attached to another more central organ.</def>



<sn>15.</sn> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>The basal plane of a

crystal.</def>



<sn>16.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The ground mass of a rock,

especially if not distinctly crystalline.</def>



<sn>17.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>The lower part of the field.

See <er>Escutcheon</er>.</def>



<sn>18.</sn> <def>The housing of a horse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>19.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A kind of skirt ( often of

velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from

the middle to about the knees, or lower.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>20.</sn> <def>The lower part of a robe or petticoat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>21.</sn> <def>An apron.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdBakers

in their linen <xex>bases</xex>.\'b8



<au>Marston.</au>



<sn>22.</sn> <def>The point or line from which a start is made; a

starting place or a goal in various games.</def>



<q>To their appointed <qex>base</qex> they went.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>23.</sn> <fld>(Surv.)</fld> <def>A line in a survey which,

being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the

origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any

points or objects connected with it by a system of

triangles.</def>



<au>Lyman.</au>



<sn>24.</sn> <def>A rustic play; -- called also

<altname>prisoner's base</altname>, <altname>prison

base</altname>, or <altname>bars</altname>.</def> \'bdTo run the

country <xex>base</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>25.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>Any one of the four

bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.</def>



<cs><col>Altern base</col>. <cd>See under <er>Altern</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Attic base</col>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Attic</er>.</cd> -- <col>Base course</col>.

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The first or lower course of

a foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; --

called also <altname>foundation course</altname>. <sd>(b)</sd>

The architectural member forming the transition between the

basement and the wall above.</cd> -- <col>Base hit</col>

<fld>(Baseball)</fld>, <cd>a hit, by which the batsman, without

any error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the

first base without being put out.</cd> -- <col>Base line</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or

in military operations.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A line traced round

a cannon at the rear of the vent.</cd> -- <col>Base plate</col>,

<cd>the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the steam

engine; the bed plate.</cd> -- <col>Base ring</col>

<fld>(Ordnance)</fld>, <cd>a projecting band of metal around the

breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave

molding.</cd>  <au>H. L. Scott.</au></cs>



<hw>Base</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Based</er> (<?/); <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Basing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To put on a base or

basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or

conclusion; -- used with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Base</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Abase</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If any . . . <qex>based</qex> his pike.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reduce the value of; to debase.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Metals which we can not <qex>base</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Base"ball"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in

number) which designate the circuit which each player must

endeavor to make after striking the ball.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ball used in this game.</def>



<hw>Base"board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A board, or other woodwork, carried round

the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and

protect the plastering; -- also called <xex>washboard</xex> (in

England), <xex>mopboard</xex>, and <xex>scrubboard</xex>.</def>



<hw>Base"born`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Born out of wedlock.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Born of low parentage.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Vile; mean.</def> \'bdThy <xex>baseborn</xex>

heart.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Base"-burn`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A furnace

or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper or chamber,

and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed.</def>



<hw>Base"-court`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>basse-cour</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and

<er>Court</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the

outer court of a castle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An inferior court of law, not

of record.</def>



<hw>Based</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> & <pos>a.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a base, or having as a base; supported;

<as>as, broad-<ex>based</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[See <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 18-21.]</ety>

<def>Wearing, or protected by, bases.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bd<xex>Based</xex> in lawny velvet.\'b8



<au>E. Hall.</au>



<hw>Ba"se*dow's dis*ease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Named for Dr.

<ets>Basedow</ets>, a German physician.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland,

prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart;

-- called also <altname>exophthalmic goiter</altname>.</def>



<au>Flint.</au>



<hw>Bas"e*lard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>baselarde</ets>, LL. <ets>basillardus</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century.</def> 

<altsp>[Written also <asp>baslard</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Fairholt.</au>



<hw>Base"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a base; having no

foundation or support.</def> \'bdThe <xex>baseless</xex> fabric

of this vision.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Base"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a base

manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Illegitimately; in bastardy.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Knolles.</au>



<hw>Base"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>soubassement</ets>. Of uncertain origin. Cf. <er>Base</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, <er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a

part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. (

See <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3 <sd>(a)</sd>.) Hence: The

rooms of a ground floor, collectively.</def>



<cs><col>Basement membrane</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>a

delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells,

forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the

epithelioid cells are disposed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Base"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.</def>



<q>I once did hold it a <qex>baseness</qex> to write fair.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bas"e*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bascinet</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Base" vi`ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Bass

viol</er>.</def>



<hw>Bash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baschen</ets>, <ets>baissen</ets>. See

<er>Abash</er>.]</ety> <def>To abash; to disconcert or be

disconcerted or put out of countenance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His countenance was bold and <qex>bashed</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Ba*shaw"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Pasha</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A Turkish title of honor,

now written <xex>pasha</xex>. See <er>Pasha</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A magnate or grandee.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large siluroid fish

(<spn>Leptops olivaris</spn>) of the Mississippi valley; -- also

called <xex>goujon</xex>, <xex>mud cat</xex>, and <xex>yellow

cat</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bash"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bash</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Abashed; daunted;

dismayed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally

disposed to shrink from public notice; indicating extreme or

excessive modesty; shy; <as>as, a <ex>bashful</ex> person,

action, expression</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced;

sheepish.</syn>



<hw>Bash"ful*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bashful

manner.</def>



<hw>Bash"ful*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

bashful.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Bashfulness</er>, <er>Modesty</er>,

<er>Diffidence</er>, <er>Shyness</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Modesty</xex> arises from a low estimate of ourselves;

<xex>bashfulness</xex> is an <xex>abashment</xex> or agitation of

the spirits at coming into contact with others;

<xex>diffidence</xex> is produced by an undue degree of

self-distrust; <xex>shyness</xex> usually arises from an

excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that every

one is looking at us. <xex>Modesty</xex> of deportment is

becoming at all; <xex>bashfulness</xex> often gives rise to

mistakes and blundering; <xex>diffidence</xex> is society

frequently makes a man a burden to himself; <xex>shyness</xex>

usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken

for haughtiness.</usage>



<hw>\'d8Bash"i-ba*zouk"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Turkish, light-headed, a foolish fellow.]</ety> <def>A

soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish

army.</def>



<hw>Bash"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shameless;

unblushing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bas"hyle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Basyle</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba"si-</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A combining form, especially

in anatomical and botanical words, to indicate <xex>the

base</xex> or <xex>position at or near a base</xex>; <xex>forming

a base</xex>; <xex>as</xex>, <xex>basi</xex>branchials, the most

ventral of the cartilages or bones of the branchial arches;

<xex>basi</xex>cranial, situated at the base of the cranium;

<xex>basi</xex>facial, <xex>basi</xex>temporal, etc.</def>



<hw>Ba"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Relating to a base;

performing the office of a base in a salt.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base

atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in

proportion that of the related neutral salt.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit

alkaline reactions with test paper.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Said of crystalline rocks

which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as

basalt.</def>



<cs><col>Basic salt</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a salt formed

from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its

hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ba*sic"er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> horn, antenna.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second joint of the antenn\'91 of

crustaceans.</def>



<hw>Ba*sic"i*ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The quality or state of being a base.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The power of an acid to unite with one or more

atoms or equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of

replaceable hydrogen atoms contained in the acid.</def>



<hw>Ba*sid"i*o*spore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basidium</ets> + <ets>spore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spore borne by a basidium.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ba*sid`i*o*spor"ous</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Ba*sid"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which

bears the spores in that division of fungi called

<xex>Basidiomycetes</xex>, of which the common mushroom is an

example.</def>



<hw>Ba"si*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>That which converts into a salifiable

base.</def>



<hw>Ba*sif"u*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Base</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ L. <ets>fugere</ets> to

flee.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Tending or proceeding away

from the base; <as>as, a <ex>basifugal</ex> growth</as>.</def>



<hw>Ba"si*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Base</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>To convert into a salifiable base.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba`si*gyn"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets>

woman.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The pedicel on which the

ovary of certain flowers, as the passion flower, is seated; a

carpophore or thecaphore.</def>



<hw>Ba`si*hy"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + Gr. <?/ (the letter \'bdupsilon\'b8);

from the shape.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Noting two small

bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid arch.</def>



<hw>Ba`si*hy"oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>hyoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The central tongue bone.</def>



<hw>Bas"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>basile</ets> and E. <er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The slope or

angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is

ground.</def>



<au>Grier.</au>



<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Basiled</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Basiling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grind or form the edge of

to an angle.</def>



<au>Moxon.</au>



<hw>Bas"il</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>basilic</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>badilicus</ets> royal, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr.

<ets><?/</ets> king.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name given

to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the

common or sweet basil (<spn>Ocymum basilicum</spn>), and the bush

basil, or lesser basil (<spn>O. minimum</spn>), the leaves of

which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several

kinds of mountain mint (<spn>Pycnanthemum</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Basil thyme</col>, <cd>a name given to the fragrant

herbs <xex>Calamintha Acinos<xex> and <xex>C<xex>.

<xex>Nepeta<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Wild basil</col>, <cd>a plant

(<spn>Calamintha clinopodium</spn>) of the Mint family.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bas"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt. from

E. <ets>basan</ets>, F. <ets>basane</ets>, LL.

<ets>basanium</ets>, <ets>bazana</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>bith\'bena</ets>, prop., lining.]</ety> <def>The skin of a

sheep tanned with bark.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bas"i*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bas"i*la*ry</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>basilaire</ets>, fr. L. <ets>basis</ets>. See <er>Base</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Relating to, or situated

at, the base.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs

of action.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Basilar</xex>

instincts.\'b8



<au>H. W. Beecher.</au>



<hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>basilique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Basilica.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba*sil"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ba*sil"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Royal; kingly; also,

basilican.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to certain parts,

anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the

animal economy, as the middle vein of the right arm.</def>



<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Basilicas</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>; sometimes

<plw>Basilic<?/e</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>basilica</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> ( sc. <ets><?/</ets>, or

<ets><?/</ets>) fr. <ets><?/</ets> royal, fr. <ets><?/

king</ets>.]</ety> <def> Originally, the place of a king; but

afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of

importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice;

and hence, any large hall used for this purpose.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A building used

by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms,

etc., attached.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A church building of the

earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken

from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to

some churches by way of honorary distinction.</def>



<hw>Ba*sil"i*ca</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A digest of the laws of

Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by

order of <xex>Basil</xex> I., in the ninth century.</def>



<au>P. Cyc.</au>



<hw>Ba*sil"i*can</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of,

relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical.</def>



<q>There can be no doubt that the first churches in

Constantinople were in the <qex>basilican</qex> form.</q>

<qau>Milman.</qau>



<hw>Ba*sil"i*cok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>basilicoc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The basilisk.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer</au>



<hw>\'d8Ba*sil"i*con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>basilicon</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, neut. of

<ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>basilicon</ets>. See

<er>Basilica</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An ointment

composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other

fatty substance.</def>



<hw>Bas"i*lisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>basiliscus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> little king, kind of

serpent, dim. of <ets><?/</ets> king; -- so named from some

prominences on the head resembling a crown.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its

hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath,

and even its look, was fatal. See <er>Cockatrice</er>.</def>



<q>Make me not sighted like the <qex>basilisk</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A lizard of the genus

<xex>Basiliscus</xex>, belonging to the family

<xex>Iguanid\'91</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ This genus is remarkable for a membranous bag rising

above the occiput, which can be filled with air at pleasure; also

for an elevated crest along the back, that can be raised or

depressed at will.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A large piece of ordnance, so

called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name,

or from its size.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ba"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bacin</ets>, F. <ets>bassin</ets>, LL. <ets>bacchinus</ets>,

fr. <ets>bacca</ets> a water vessel, fr. L. <ets>bacca</ets>

berry, in allusion to the round shape; or perh. fr. Celtic. Cf.

<er>Bac</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for

washing, and for various other uses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity contained in a basin.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials,

used in the arts or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders

for forming concave glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into

shape, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a

dock for ships, a little bay.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Physical Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the

ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake,

or traversed by a river.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The entire tract

of country drained by a river, or sloping towards a sea or

lake.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An isolated or circumscribed

formation, particularly where the strata dip inward, on all

sides, toward a center; -- especially applied to the coal

formations, called <stype>coal basins</stype> or <stype>coal

fields</stype>.</def>



<hw>Ba"sined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclosed in a

basin.</def> \'bd<xex>Basined</xex> rivers.\'b8



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Bas"i*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bascinet</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba`si*oc*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>occipital</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the bone in the base

of the cranium, frequently forming a part of the occipital in the

adult, but usually distinct in the young.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> The basioccipital bone.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Ba"si*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> a base.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The middle

of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the skull.</def>



<hw>Ba*sip"o*dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>,

foot.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The basal joint of the legs

of Crustacea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*sip`te*ryg"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a base + <ets><?/</ets> a

fin.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bar of cartilage at the

base of the embryonic fins of some fishes. It develops into the

metapterygium.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Ba*sip`ter*yg"i*al</wf>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ba`sip*ter"y*goid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>pierygoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Applied to a protuberance of the base of

the sphenoid bone.</def>



<hw>Ba"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>basis</ets>,

Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The foundation of anything; that on which a

thing rests.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The pedestal of a column, pillar, or

statue.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>If no <qex>basis</qex> bear my rising name.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<-- p. 123  -->



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The ground work the first or fundamental

principle; that which supports.</def>



<q>The <qex>basis</qex> of public credit is good faith.</q>

<qau>A. Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The principal component part of a thing.</def>



<hw>Ba*sis"o*lute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>solute</ets>, a.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Prolonged at the base, as certain

leaves.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Ba`si*sphe*noid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Basi-</ets> + <ets>spheroid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to that part of the base

of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid,

which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young,

and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.</def>



<hw>Ba`si*sphe"noid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The basisphenoid bone.</def>



<hw>Bask</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Basked</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Basking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OScand. <ets>ba<?/ask</ets>

to bathe one's self, or perh. <ets>bakask</ets> to bake one's

self, <ets>sk</ets> being reflexive. See <er>Bath</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Bake</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lie

in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat.</def>



<q><qex>Basks</qex> in the glare, and stems the tepid wave.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Bask</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To warm by continued

exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.</def>



<q><qex>Basks</qex> at the fire his hairy strength.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bas"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of unknown

origin. The modern Celtic words seem to be from the

English.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel made of osiers or other

twigs, cane, rushes, splints, or other flexible material,

interwoven.</def> \'bdRude <xex>baskets</xex> . . . woven of the

flexile willow.\'b8



<au>Dyer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The contents of a basket; as much as a basket

contains; <as>as, a <ex>basket</ex> of peaches</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The bell or vase of the

Corinthian capital.</def> <mark>[Improperly so used.]</mark>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The two back seats facing one another on the

outside of a stagecoach.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<cs><col>Basket fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an ophiuran

of the genus <spn>Astrophyton</spn>, having the arms much

branched. See <er>Astrophyton</er>.</cd> -- <col>Basket

hilt</col>, <cd>a hilt with a covering wrought like basketwork to

protect the hand</cd>. <au>Hudibras</au>. Hence,

<col>Baskethilted</col></mcol>, <cd><pos>a.</pos></cd> --

<col>Basket work</col>, <cd>work consisting of plaited osiers or

twigs.</cd> -- <col>Basket worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a lepidopterous insect of the genus <xex>Thyridopteryx<xex>

and allied genera, esp. <spn>T. ephemer\'91formis</spn>. The

larva makes and carries about a bag or basket-like case of silk

and twigs, which it afterwards hangs up to shelter the pupa and

wingless adult females.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bas"ket</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put into a

basket.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bas"ket*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Basketfuls</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>As much as a

basket will contain.</def>



<hw>Bas"ket*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

making baskets; also, baskets, taken collectively.</def>



<hw>Bask"ing shark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>One of the largest species of sharks (<spn>Cetorhinus

maximus</spn>), so called from its habit of basking in the sun;

the liver shark, or bone shark. It inhabits the northern seas of

Europe and America, and grows to a length of more than forty

feet. It is a harmless species.</def>



<hw>Bas"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bascinet</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*som`ma*toph"o*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> eye +

<ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group

of Pulmonifera having the eyes at the base of the tentacles,

including the common pond snails.</def>



<hw>Ba"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A basin.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Special form]</mark>



<hw>Basque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.</def>



<hw>Basque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a

region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language spoken by the Basque people.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket

with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of

dress came from the <xex>Basques</xex>.</def>



<hw>Basqu"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Basque</ets> Biscayan: cf. G. <ets>Baskisch</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to the country, people, or language of Biscay;

Basque</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bas`-re*lief"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bas-relief</ets>; <ets>bas</ets> law + <ets>relief</ets>

raised work, <ets>relever</ets> to raise: cf. It.

<ets>bassorilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low relief; sculpture, the

figures of which project less than half of their true

proportions; -- called also <altname>bassrelief</altname> and

<altname>basso-rilievo</altname>. See

<er>Alto-rilievo</er>.</def>



<hw>Bass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bass</plw>, and sometimes <plw>Basses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[A corruption of

<ets>barse</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera

<spn>Roccus</spn>, <spn>Labrax</spn>, and related genera. There

are many species.</def>



<note><hand/ The common European bass is <spn>Labrax lupus</spn>.

American species are: the striped bass (<spn>Roccus

lineatus</spn>); white or silver bass of the lakes. (<spn>R.

chrysops</spn>); brass or yellow bass <spn>(R.

interruptus)</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The two American fresh-water species of black

bass (genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>). See <er>Black

bass</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Species of <spn>Serranus</spn>, the sea bass and

rock bass. See <er>Sea bass</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The southern, red, or channel bass

(<spn>Sci\'91na ocellata</spn>). See <er>Redfish</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to many other fishes. See

<cref>Calico bass</cref>, under <er>Calico</er>.</note>



<hw>Bass</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption of

<ets>bast</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called

<altname>whitewood</altname>; also, its bark, which is used for

making mats. See <er>Bast</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pr>(Pron. <?/)</pr> <def>A hassock or thick

mat.</def>



<hw>Bass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>basse</ets>, fr. <ets>bas</ets> low. See <er>Base</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A bass, or deep, sound or tone.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The lowest part

in a musical composition.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One who sings,

or the instrument which plays, bass.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>base</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Thorough bass</col>. <cd>See <er>Thorough

bass</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bass</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deep or grave in tone.</def>



<cs><col>Bass clef</col> (<fld>Mus.</fld>), <cd>the character

placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of

a musical composition.</cd> [See <xex>Illust</xex>. under

<er>Clef</er>.] -- <col>Bass voice</col>, <cd>a deepsounding

voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bass</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To sound in a deep

tone.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bas"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bas*saw"</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Bashaw</er>.</def>



<hw>Bass` drum"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The

largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads, and

emitting a deep, grave sound. See <er>Bass</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Bas"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bassette</ets>, fr.It. <ets>bassetta</ets>. Cf.

<er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards, resembling the

modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice.</def>



<q>Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget

Your piquet parties, and your dear <qex>basset</qex>.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<hw>Bas"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>basset</ets> somewhat low, dim. of <ets>bas</ets>

low.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Inclined upward; <as>as, the

<ex>basset</ex> edge of strata</as>.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The edge

of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the

outcrop.</def>



<hw>Bas"set</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Basseted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Basseting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>To

inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out;

<as>as, a vein of coal <ex>bassets</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bas"set horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Basset</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An instrument blown

with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but of much greater

compass, embracing nearly four octaves.</def>



<hw>Bas"set hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>basset</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind

of hound with a long body and short legs, used as an earth

dog.</def>



<hw>Bas"set*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The upward direction of

a vein in a mine; the emergence of a stratum at the

surface.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bas*set"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

<ets>adj</ets>., somewhat low; <pos>n.</pos>, counter tenor. See

<er>Basso</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A tenor or small

bass viol.</def>



<hw>Bass" horn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.</def>



<hw>Bas"si*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bassinet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bassin</ets>. See

<er>Basin</er>, and cf. <er>Bascinet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in

which young children are placed as in a cradle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>See <er>Bascinet</er>.</def>



<au>Lord Lytton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bas"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

LL. <ets>bassus</ets>. See <er>Base</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bass or lowest part;

<as>as, to sing <ex>basso</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One

who sings the lowest part.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The double

bass, or <altname>contrabasso</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>\'d8Basso continuo</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[It., bass

continued.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <cd>A bass part written out

continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated

by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bas"sock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hassock. See

2d <er>Bass</er>, 2.</def>



<hw>Bas*soon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>basson</ets>, fr. <ets>basse</ets> bass; or perh. fr.

<ets>bas son</ets> low sound. See <er>Bass</er> a part in music.

]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A wind instrument of the double

reed kind, furnished with holes, which are stopped by the

fingers, and by keys, as in flutes. It forms the natural bass to

the oboe, clarinet, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ Its compass comprehends three octaves. For

convenience of carriage it is divided into two parts; whence it

is also called a <xex>fagot</xex>.</note>



<hw>Bas*soon"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A performer on the

bassoon.</def>



<au>Busby.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bas"so-ri*lie"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bas"so-re*lie"vo</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[It. <ets>basso-rilievo</ets>.]</ety> <def>Same as

<er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>



<hw>Bas"so*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bassorine</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

constituent part of a species of gum from <xex>Bassora</xex>, as

also of gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the

amyloses.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Bass"-re*lief`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Some as

<er>Bas-relief</er>.</def>



<hw>Bass" vi`ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A

stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing bass.

See 3d <er>Bass</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and

<er>Violoncello</er>.</def>



<hw>Bass"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The bass (<spn>Tilia</spn>) or its wood; especially, <spn>T.

Americana</spn>. See <er>Bass</er>, the lime tree.</def>



<q>All the bowls were made of <qex>basswood</qex>,

White and polished very smoothly.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Bast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'91st</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G.

<ets>bast</ets>, of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bass</er> the

tree.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The inner fibrous bark of various

plants; esp. of the lime tree; hence, matting, cordage, etc.,

made therefrom.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thick mat or hassock. See 2d <er>Bass</er>,

2.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bas"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[It.]</ety> <def>Enough; stop.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bastard</ets>, <ets>bastart</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tard</ets>,

prob. fr. OF. <ets>bast</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/t</ets>, a packsaddle

used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. <ets>bastum</ets>) +

<ets>-ard</ets>. OF. fils de <ets>bast</ets> son of the

packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles

for beds in the inns. See Cervantes, \'bdDon Quixote,\'b8 chap.

16; and cf.G. <ets>bankert</ets>, fr. <ets>bank</ets>

bench.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A \'bdnatural\'b8 child; a child

begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born

of an illicit union.</def>



<note><hand/ By the civil and canon laws, and by the laws of many

of the United States, a <xex>bastard</xex> becomes a legitimate

child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time.

But by those of England, and of some states of the United States,

a child, to be legitimate, must at least be <xex>born</xex> after

the lawful marriage.</note>



<au>Kent. Blackstone.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Sugar Refining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An

inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups

that <?/ already had several boilings.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in

flavor.</def>



<q>Brown <qex>bastard</qex> is your only drink.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A writing paper of a particular size. See

<er>Paper</er>.</def>



<hw>Bas"tard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See

<er>Bastard</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, note.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false;

adulterate; -- applied to things which resemble those which are

genuine, but are really not so.</def>



<q>That <qex>bastard</qex> self-love which is so vicious in

itself, and productive of so many vices.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of an unusual make or proportion; <as>as, a

<ex>bastard</ex> musket; a <ex>bastard</ex> culverin.</as></def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Abbreviated, as the half

title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.</def>



<cs><col>Bastard ashlar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>stones for

ashlar work, roughly squared at the quarry.</cd> -- <col>Bastard

file</col>, <cd>a file intermediate between the coarsest and the

second cut.</cd> -- <col>Bastard type</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>,

<cd>type having the face of a larger or a smaller size than the

body; <xex>e.g.</xex>, a nonpareil face on a brevier body.</cd>

-- <col>Bastard wing</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>three to

five quill feathers on a small joint corresponding to the thumb

in some mam malia; the alula.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bas"tard</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bastardize.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Bas"tard*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being a bastard; bastardy.</def>



<hw>Bas"tard*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bastardized</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bastardizing</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize

as a bastard; to declare or decide legally to be

illegitimate.</def>



<q>The law is so indulgent as not to <qex>bastardize</qex> the

child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beget out of wedlock.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bas"tard*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bastardlike; baseborn;

spuripous; corrupt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> --

<def2><pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a bastard;

spuriously.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark></def2>



<au>Shak. Donne.</au>



<hw>Bas"tar*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The procreation of a bastard child.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Baste</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Basted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Basting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>beysta</ets> to strike, powder; Sw. <ets>basa</ets> to beat

with a rod: perh. akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with a stick; to cudgel.</def>



<q>One man was <qex>basted</qex> by the keeper for carrying some

people

over on his back through the waters.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To sprinkle flour and salt

and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mark with tar, as sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Baste</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>basten</ets>, OF.

<ets>bastir</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, prob. fr. OHG.

<ets>bestan</ets> to sew, MHG. <ets>besten</ets> to bind, fr.

OHG. <ets>bast</ets> bast. See <er>Bast</er>.]</ety> <def>To sew

loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be

held in position until sewed more firmly.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bas*tile" Bas*tille"</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bastille</ets> fortress, OF.

<ets>bastir</ets> to build, F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Feud. Fort.)</fld> <def>A tower or an elevated

work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified

place.</def>



<q>The high <qex>bastiles</qex> . . . which overtopped the

walls.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>\'bdThe Bastille\'b8, formerly a castle or

fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political

offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.</def>



<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bastinado</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Bas`ti*nade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bastinado.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bastinadoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>bastonada</ets> (cf. F. <ets>bastonnade</ets>), fr.

<ets>baston</ets> (cf. F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>) a stick or staff.

See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A blow with a stick or cudgel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sound beating with a stick or cudgel.

Specifically: A form of punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and

others, consisting in beating an offender on the soles of his

feet.</def>



<hw>Bas`ti*na"do</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Bastinadoes</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Bastinadoing</er>.] <def>To beat with a stick or

cudgel, especially on the soles of the feet.</def>



<hw>Bas"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bastion</ets> (cf. It. <ets>bastione</ets>), fr. LL.

<ets>bastire</ets> to build (cf. F. <ets>b<?/tir</ets>, It.

<ets>bastire</ets>), perh. from the idea of support for a weight,

and akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to lift, carry, and to E.

<ets>baston</ets>, <ets>baton</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a

fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so

constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the

adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to

another. Two adjacent <xex>bastions</xex> are connected by the

<xex>curtain</xex>, which joins the flank of one with the

adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a

bastion is called the <xex>gorge</xex>. A <xex>lunette</xex> is a

detached bastion. See <er>Ravelin</er>.</def>



<hw>Bas"tioned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished

with a bastion; having bastions.</def>



<-- p. 124  -->



<hw>Bas"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<def>The ace of clubs in qua<?/rille and omber.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Bas"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>baston</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>, LL. <ets>basto</ets>.

See <er>Bastion</er>, and cf. <er>Baton</er>, and 3d

<er>Batten</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A staff or cudgel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bdTo fight with blunt <xex>bastons</xex>.\'b8



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>See <er>Baton</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly

was in attendance upon the king's court to take into custody

persons committed by the court.</def>



<au>Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Bas"yle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> base + <ets><?/</ets> wood. See

<er>-yl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A positive or

nonacid constituent of compound, either elementary, or, if

compound, performing the functions of an element.</def>



<hw>Bas"y*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-positive; basic;

-- opposed to <xex>chlorous</xex>.</def>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Bat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>batte</ets>, <ets>botte</ets>, AS. <ets>batt</ets>; perhaps

fr. the Celtic; cf. Ir. <ets>bat</ets>, <ets>bata</ets>, stick,

staff; but cf. also F. <ets>batte</ets> a beater (thing), wooden

sword, <ets>battre</ets> to beat.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of

wood with one end thicker or broader than the other, used in

playing baseball, cricket, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Shale or bituminous

shale.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or

comfortables; batting.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A part of a brick with one whole end.</def>



<cs><col>Bat bolt</col> <fld>(Machinery)</fld>, <cd>a bolt barbed

or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more

firmly.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Batted</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Batting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To strike or hit with a bat

or a pole; to cudgel; to beat.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Bat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use a bat, as in a game of

baseball.</def>



<hw>Bat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt. from OE.

<ets>back</ets>, <ets>backe</ets>, <ets>balke</ets>; cf. Dan.

aften-bakke]/> (<ets>aften evening</ets>), Sw. natt-backa]/>

(<ets>natt</ets> night), Icel. le<?/r-blaka]/> (<ets>le<?/r</ets>

leather), Icel. <ets>blaka</ets> to flutter.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Cheiroptera, an order of

flying mammals, in which the wings are formed by a membrane

stretched between the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. The

common bats are small and insectivorous. See <er>Cheiroptera</er>

and <er>Vampire</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bat tick</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless,

dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Nycteribia</spn>, parasitic on

bats.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<ets>debatable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Disputable.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The border land between England and Scotland, being

formerly a subject of contention, was called <xex>batable</xex>

or <xex>debatable</xex> ground.</note>



<hw>Bat"ailled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ba`tar*deau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cofferdam.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A wall built across the ditch

of a fortification, with a sluice gate to regulate the height of

water in the ditch on both sides of the wall.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ba*ta"tas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Ba*ta"ta</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An aboriginal American

name for the sweet potato (<spn>Ipom\'91a batatas</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to <sd>(a)</sd> the Batavi, an ancient Germanic tribe;

or to <sd>(b)</sd> <?/atavia or Holland; <as>as, a

<ex>Batavian</ex> legion</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Batavian Republic</col>, <cd>the name given to Holland

by the French after its conquest in 1795.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ba*ta"vi*an</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A native or inhabitant

of Batavia or Holland.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au> Bancroft.</au>



<hw>Batch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bache</ets>, <ets>bacche</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>bacan</ets> to

bake; cf. G. <ets>geb\'84ck</ets> and D. <ets>baksel</ets>. See

<er>Bake</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The quantity of bread baked at one time.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A quantity of anything produced at one

operation; a group or collection of persons or things of the same

kind; <as>as, a <ex>batch</ex> of letters; the next

<ex>batch</ex> of business.</as></def> \'bdA new <xex>batch</xex>

of Lords.\'b8



<au>Lady M. W. Montagu.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. abbrev.

from <ets>debate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Strife; contention.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bated</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <ets>abate</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or

reducing; to abate; to beat down; to lower.</def>



<q>He must either <qex>bate</qex> the laborer's wages, or not

employ or not pay him.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To allow by way of abatement or deduction.</def>



<q>To whom he <qex>bates</qex> nothing or what he stood upon with

the parliament.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To leave out; to except.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Bate</qex> me the king, and, be he flesh and blood.

He lies that says it.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To remove.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>About autumn <qex>bate</qex> the earth from about the roots of

olives, and lay them bare.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To deprive of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When baseness is exalted, do not <qex>bate</qex>

The place its honor for the person's sake.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To remit or

retrench a part; -- with <xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>Abate thy speed, and I will <qex>bate</qex> of mine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To waste away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attack; to

bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of <er>Bite</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>battre des

ailes</ets> to flutter. Cf. <er>Bait</er> to flutter.]</ety>

<def>To flutter as a hawk; to bait.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>See

2d <er>Bath</er>.</def>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>beta</ets>

maceration, soaking, G. <ets>beize</ets>, and E.

<ets>bite</ets>.]</ety> <def>An alkaline solution consisting of

the dung of certain animals; -- employed in the preparation of

hides; grainer.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bate</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To steep in bate, as hides,

in the manufacture of leather.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*teau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bateaux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>bateau</ets>, LL. <ets>batellus</ets>, fr.

<ets>battus</ets>, <ets>batus</ets>, <ets>boa</ets>, which agrees

with AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets> boat: cf. W. <ets>bad</ets> boat. See

<er>Boat</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A boat; esp. a

flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian lakes and

rivers.</def> <altsp>[Written also, but less properly,

<asp>batteau</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Bateau bridge</col>, <cd>a floating bridge supported by

bateaux.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Reduced;

lowered; restrained; <as>as, to speak with <ex>bated</ex>

breath</as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Bate"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Exciting

contention; contentious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdIt did

<xex>bateful</xex> question frame. \'b8



<au> Sidney.</au>



<hw>Bate"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not to be abated.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bate"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<er>Abatement</er>. See 2d <er>Bate</er>.]</ety> <def>Abatement;

diminution.</def>



<au>Moxon.</au>



<cs><col>Batement light</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a window or

one division of a window having vertical sides, but with the sill

not horizontal, as where it follows the rake of a

staircase.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several species of

fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The <xex>Malthe vespertilio</xex> of the

Atlantic coast. <sd>(b)</sd> The flying gurnard of the Atlantic

(<spn>Cephalacanthus spinarella</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The

California batfish or sting ray (<spn>Myliobatis

Californicus</spn>.)</def>



<hw>Bat"fowl`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

practices or finds sport in batfowling.</def>



<hw>Bat"fowl`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bat</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>A mode of catching birds at

night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or

perch where they roost. The birds, flying to the light, are

caught with nets or otherwise.</def>



<hw>Bat"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>bati</ets> amelioration, <ets>batna</ets> to grow better;

akin to AS. <ets>bet</ets> better. Goth. <ets>ga-batnan</ets> to

profit. <?/255. Cf. <er>Batten</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,

<er>Better</er>.]</ety> <def>Rich; fertile.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Batful</xex> valleys.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Bath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Baths</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'91<?/</ets>; akin to OS. & Icel. <ets>ba<?/</ets>, Sw.,

Dan., D., & G. <ets>bad</ets>, and perh. to G.

<ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of

cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or

the like; <as>as, a cold or a hot <ex>bath</ex>; a medicated

<ex>bath</ex>; a steam <ex>bath</ex>; a hip

<ex>bath</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Water or other liquid for bathing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A receptacle or place where persons may immerse

or wash their bodies in water.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A building containing an apartment or a series

of apartments arranged for bathing.</def>



<q>Among the ancients, the public <qex>baths</qex> were of

amazing extent and magnificence.</q>

<qau>Gwilt.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A medium, as heated sand,

ashes, steam, hot air, through which heat is applied to a

body.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>A solution in which plates

or prints are immersed; also, the receptacle holding the

solution.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bath</xex> is used adjectively or in

combination, in an obvious sense <xex>of</xex> or <xex>for

baths</xex> or <xex>bathing</xex>; as, <xex>bath</xex>room,

<xex>bath</xex> tub, <xex>bath</xex> keeper.</note>



<cs><col>Douche bath</col>. <cd>See <er>Douche</er>.</cd> --

<col>Order of the Bath</col>, <cd>a high order of British

knighthood, composed of three classes, viz., knights grand cross,

knights commanders, and knights companions, abbreviated thus: G.

C. B., K. C. B., K. B.</cd> -- <col>Russian bath</col>, <cd>a

kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged exposure of the

body to the influence of the steam of water, followed by washings

and shampooings.</cd> -- <col>Turkish bath</col>, <cd>a kind of

bath in which a profuse perspiration is produced by hot air,

after which the body is washed and shampooed.</cd> -- <col>Bath

house</col>, <cd>a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also

a small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and

dresses.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<def>A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five

gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks

and five quarts, as a dry measure.</def>



<hw>Bath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A city in the west

of England, resorted to for its hot springs, which has given its

name to various objects.</def>



<cs><col>Bath brick</col>, <cd>a preparation of calcareous earth,

in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives, polished metal,

etc.</cd> -- <col>Bath chair</col>, <cd>a kind of chair on

wheels, as used by invalids at Bath.</cd> \'bdPeople walked out,

or drove out, or were pushed out in their <xex>Bath

chairs<xex>.\'b8 <au>Dickens</au>. -- <col>Bath metal</col>,

<cd>an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc and one

pound of copper.</cd> -- <col>Bath note</col>, <cd>a folded

writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches.</cd> -- <col>Bath stone</col>,

<cd>a species of limestone (o\'94lite) found near Bath, used for

building.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bathed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bathing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>ba<?/ien</ets>, AS. <ets>ba<?/ian</ets>, fr.

<ets>b\'91<?/</ets> bath. See 1st <er>Bath</er>, and cf.

<er>Bay</er> to bathe.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To wash by

immersion, as in a bath; to subject to a bath.</def>



<q>Chancing to <qex>bathe</qex> himself in the River Cydnus.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lave; to wet.</def> \'bdThe lake which

<xex>bathed</xex> the foot of the Alban mountain.\'b8



<au>T. Arnold.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To moisten or suffuse with a liquid.</def>



<q>And let us <qex>bathe</qex> our hands in C\'91sar's blood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To apply water or some liquid medicament to;

<as>as, to <ex>bathe</ex> the eye with warm water or with sea

water; to <ex>bathe</ex> one's forehead with camphor.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To surround, or envelop, as water surrounds a

person immersed.</def>  \'bdThe rosy shadows <xex>bathe</xex> me.

\'b8 <au>Tennyson</au>. \'bdThe bright sunshine

<xex>bathing</xex> all the world.\'b8 <au>Longfellow</au>.



<hw>Bathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

bathe one's self; to take a bath or baths.</def> \'bdThey

<xex>bathe</xex> in summer.\'b8



<au>Waller.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To immerse or cover one's self, as in a

bath.</def> \'bdTo <xex>bathe</xex> in fiery floods.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. \'bd<xex>Bathe</xex> in the dimples of her

cheek.\'b8 <au>Lloyd</au>.



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bask in the sun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bathe</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The immersion of the body in

water; as to take one's usual <xex>bathe</xex>.</def>



<au>Edin. Rev.</au>



<hw>Bath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bathes.</def>



<hw>Ba*thet"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

character of bathos.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bath"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of taking

a bath or baths.</def>



<cs><col>Bathing machine</col>, <cd>a small room on wheels, to be

driven into the water, for the convenience of bathers, who

undress and dress therein.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bath"mism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Vital

force</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba*thom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for measuring depths, esp. one for taking soundings

without a sounding line.</def>



<hw>Bat"horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b<?/t</ets> packsaddle (cheval de <ets>b<?/t</ets>

packhorse) + E. <ets>horse</ets>. See <er>Bastard</er>.]</ety>

<def>A horse which carries an officer's baggage during a

campaign.</def>



<hw>Ba"thos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> depth, fr. <ets><?/</ets> deep.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>A ludicrous descent from the elevated to

the low, in writing or speech; anticlimax.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*thyb"i*us</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> deep + <ets><?/</ets> life]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given by Prof. Huxley to a

gelatinous substance found in mud dredged from the Atlantic and

preserved in alcohol. He supposed that it was free living

protoplasm, covering a large part of the ocean bed. It is now

known that the substance is of chemical, not of organic,

origin.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bath`y*met"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bath`y*met"ric*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to bathymetry; relating to the measurement of

depths, especially of depths in the sea.</def>



<hw>Ba*thym"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> depth + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>The art or

science of sounding, or measuring depths in the sea.</def>



<hw>Bat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Strictly p.

pr. of <er>Bat<?/</er> to abate.]</ety> <def>With the exception

of; excepting.</def>



<q>We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with

them, <qex>bating</qex> some faint ideas of hunger and

thirst.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Ba*tiste"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>batiste</ets>, from the name of the alleged first maker,

<ets>Baptiste</ets> of Cambrai. <ets>Littr\'82</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also

to cloth of similar texture made of cotton.</def>



<hw>Bat"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Bat</ets>

stick + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A short bat for beating

clothes in washing them; -- called also

<altname>batler</altname>, <altname>batling staff</altname>,

<altname>batting staff</altname>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bat"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>batman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A weight used in the East, varying

according to the locality; in Turkey, the greater batman is about

157 pounds, the lesser only a fourth of this; at Aleppo and

Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds.</def>



<au> Simmonds.</au>



<hw>Bat"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Batmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/t</ets>

packsaddle + E. <ets>man</ets>. Cf. <er>Bathorse</er>.]</ety>

<def>A man who has charge of a bathorse and his load.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ba*toi"de*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a kind of ray +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The division

of fishes which includes the rays and skates.</def>



<hw>Bat"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b<?/ton</ets>. See <er>Baston</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; <as>as, the

<ex>baton</ex> of a field marshal; the <ex>baton</ex> of a

conductor in musical performances.</as></def>



<q>He held the <qex>baton</qex> of command.</q>

<qau> Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>An ordinary with its ends cut

off, borne sinister as a mark of bastardy, and containing one

fourth in breadth of the bend sinister; -- called also

<altname>bastard bar</altname>. See <er>Bend sinister</er>.</def>



<hw>Ba*toon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Baton</er>, and <er>Baston</er>.</def>



<hw>Bat" print`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Ceramics)</fld>

<def>A mode of printing on glazed ware.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba*tra"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> belonging to a frog, fr.

<ets><?/</ets> frog.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order

of amphibians which includes the frogs and toads; the Anura.

Sometimes the word is used in a wider sense as equivalent to

Amphibia.</def>



<hw>Ba*tra"chi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the Batrachia.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>One of the Batrachia.</def></def2>



<hw>Bat"ra*choid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Batrachia</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Froglike. Specifically: Of or

pertaining to the <spn>Batrachid\'91</spn>, a family of marine

fishes, including the toadfish. Some have poisonous dorsal

spines.</def>



<hw>Bat`ra*cho*my*om"a*chy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets>

mouse + <ets><?/</ets> battle.]</ety> <def>The battle between the

frogs and mice; -- a Greek parody on the Iliad, of uncertain

authorship.</def>



<hw>Bat`ra*choph"a*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> frog + <ets><?/</ets> to eat.]</ety>

<def>Feeding on frogs.</def>



<au> Quart. Rev.</au>



<hw>Bats"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Batsmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>The one who wields

the bat in cricket, baseball, etc.</def>

<-- in baseball, usu. called the batter. -->



<mhw>{<hw>Bat's"-wing"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> or <hw>Bat"wing</hw> 

}</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shaped like a bat's wing; <as>as, a

<ex>bat's-wing</ex> burner</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bat"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob.

through Pg. for Canarese <ets>bhatta</ets> rice in the

husk.]</ety> <def>Extra pay; esp. an extra allowance to an

English officer serving in India.</def>



<au> Whitworth.</au>



<-- p. 125  -->



<hw>\'d8Bat"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind.

<ets>ba<?/<?/a</ets>.]</ety> <def>Rate of exchange; also, the

discount on uncurrent coins.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>Bat"ta*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <def>Capable of culti<?/ation; fertile;

productive; fattening.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Burton.</au>



<hw>Bat"tail*ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bataillant</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> See <er>Battle</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos> ]</ety> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <def>Prepared for

battle; combatant; warlike.</def> <au>Spenser</au>. --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A combatant.</def></def2>



<au>Shelton.</au>



<hw>Bat"tail*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bataillos</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See

<er>Battle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Arrayed for battle;

fit or eager for battle; warlike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bdIn <xex>battailous</xex> aspect.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bat*tal"ia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>battalia</ets> battle, a body of troops. See

<er>Battle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Order of

battle; disposition or arrangement of troops (brigades,

regiments, battalions, etc.), or of a naval force, for

action.</def>



<q>A drawing up the armies in <qex>battalia</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An army in battle array; also, the main battalia

or body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bataillon</ets>, fr. It. <ets>battaglione</ets>. See

<er>Battalia</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A body of troops; esp.

a body of troops or an army in battle array.</def> \'bdThe whole

<xex>battalion</xex> views.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A regiment, or two or more

companies of a regiment, esp. when assembled for drill or

battle.</def>



<hw>Bat*tal"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form

into battalions.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bat"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Obs. form. of

<er>Battle</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A single

combat; <as>as, trial by <ex>battel</ex></as>. See <cref>Wager of

battel</cref>, under <er>Wager</er>.</def>



<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain

etymology.]</ety> <def>Provisions ordered from the buttery; also,

the charges for them; -- only in the <pluf>pl.</pluf>, except

when used adjectively.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be supplied with

provisions from the buttery.</def> <mark>[Univ. of Oxford,

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Batful</er>,

<er>Batten</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make

fertile.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdTo <xex>battel</xex>

barren land.\'b8



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Bat"tel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fertile; fruitful;

productive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>battel</qex> soil for grain, for pasture good.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bat"tel*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bat"tler</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 2d <er>Battel</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A student at Oxford who is supplied

with provisions from the buttery; formerly, one who paid for

nothing but what he called for, answering nearly to a sizar at

Cambridge.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Bat"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Battened</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Battening</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make fat by

plenteous feeding; to fatten.</def> \'bd<xex>Battening</xex> our

flocks.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fertilize or enrich, as land.</def>



<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow fat; to grow fat

in ease and luxury; to glut one's self.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>The pampered monarch lay <qex>battening</qex> in ease.</q>

<qau> Garth.</qau>



<q>Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who <qex>batten</qex> on

the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <pos>n .</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>b<?/ton</ets>

stick, staff. See <er>Baton</er>.]</ety> <def>A strip of sawed

stuff, or a scantling; <as>as, <sd>(a)</sd> <ex>pl</ex></as>.

<fld>(Com. & Arch.)</fld> Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches

and not less than 6 feet long. <au>Brande & C</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of

a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing.

<sd>(c)</sd> A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to

cover a crack, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Batten door</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a door made of

boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed

crosswise.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish or fasten with

battens.</def>



<cs><col>To batten down</col>, <cd>to fasten down with battens,

as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a

storm.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"ten</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>battant</ets>. See

<er>Batter</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>The movable bar of

a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.</def>



<hw>Bat"ten*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Furring done with small pieces nailed

directly upon the wall.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Battered</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Battering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bateren</ets>,

OF. <ets>batre</ets>, F. <ets>battre</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>battere</ets>, for L. <ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat; of

unknown origin. Cf. <er>Abate</er>, <er>Bate</er> to

abate.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with successive blows; to beat

repeatedly and with violence, so as to bruise, shatter, or

demolish; <as>as, to <ex>batter</ex> a wall or

rampart</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard

usage.</def> \'bdEach <xex>battered</xex> jade.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>To flatten (metal) by

hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it

outwardly.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>batere</ets>,

<ets>batire</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bateure</ets>, <ets>bature</ets>,

a beating. See <er>Batter</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A semi-liquid mixture of several ingredients,

<as>as, flour, eggs, milk, etc.</as> , beaten together and used

in cookery.</def>



<au>King.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Paste of clay or loam.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>A bruise on the face of a

plate or of type in the form.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A backward slope in the face

of a wall or of a bank; receding slope.</def>



<cs><col>Batter rule</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a

rule or frame, and a plumb line, by which the batter or slope of

a wall is regulated in building.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To

slope gently backward.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who wields a bat; a

batsman.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, batters.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter*ing-ram`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>1.

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> An engine used in ancient times to beat down

the walls of besieged places.</def>



<note><hand/ It was a large beam, with a head of iron, which was

sometimes made to resemble the head of a ram. It was suspended by

ropes t a beam supported by posts, and so balanced as to swing

backward and forward, and was impelled by men against the

wall.</note>



<au>Grose.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and worked

horizontally.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter*ing train`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>A train of artillery for siege operations.</def>



<hw>Bat"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Batteries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>batterie</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets>. See <er>Batter</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of battering or

beating.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>The unlawful beating of

another. It includes every willful, angry and violent, or

negligent touching of another's person or clothes, or anything

attached to his person or held by him.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Any place where

cannon or mortars are mounted, for attack or defense.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Two or more pieces of artillery in the

field.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A company or division of

artillery, including the gunners, guns, horses, and all

equipments. In the United States, a battery of flying artillery

consists usually of six guns.</def>



<cs><col>Barbette battery</col>. <cd>See <er>Barbette</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Battery d'enfilade</col>, or <col>Enfilading

battery</col></mcol>, <cd>one that sweeps the whole length of a

line of troops or part of a work.</cd> -- <col>Battery en

\'82charpe</col>, <cd>one that plays obliquely.</cd> --

<col>Battery gun</col>, <cd>a gun capable of firing a number, of

shots simultaneously or successively without stopping to

load.</cd> -- <col>Battery wagon</col>, <cd>a wagon employed to

transport the tools and materials for repair of the carriages,

etc., of the battery.</cd> -- <col>In battery</col>,

<cd>projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over a parapet in

readiness for firing.</cd> -- <col>Masked battery</col>, <cd>a

battery artificially concealed until required to open upon the

enemy.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Out of battery</col>, or <col>From

battery</col></mcol>, <cd>withdrawn, as a gun, to a position for

loading.</cd></cs>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A number of

coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected that they may be charged

and discharged simultaneously.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An

apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.</def>



<note><hand/ In the <xex>trough battery</xex>, copper and zinc

plates, connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which

are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect is

exhibited when wires connected with the two end-plates are

brought together. In <xex>Daniell's battery</xex>, the metals are

zinc and copper, the former in dilute sulphuric acid, or a

solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter in a saturated solution

of sulphate of copper. A modification of this is the common

<xex>gravity battery</xex>, so called from the automatic action

of the two fluids, which are separated by their specific

gravities. In <xex>Grove's battery</xex>, platinum is the metal

used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a porous cell

surrounded by the other. In <xex>Bunsen's</xex> or the

<xex>carbon battery</xex>, the carbon of gas coke is substituted

for the platinum of Grove's. In <xex>Leclanch\'82's

battery</xex>, the elements are zinc in a solution of ammonium

chloride, and gas carbon surrounded with manganese dioxide in a

porous cell. A <xex>secondary battery</xex> is a battery which

usually has the two plates of the same kind, generally of lead,

in dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an

electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable of giving

a current of itself for a time, owing to chemical changes

produced by the charging current. A <xex>storage battery</xex> is

a kind of secondary battery used for accumulating and storing the

energy of electrical charges or currents, usually by means of

chemical work done by them; an accumulator.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A number of similar machines or devices in

position; an apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts;

<as>as, a battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Metallurgy)</fld> <def>A series of stamps

operated by one motive power, for crushing ores containing the

precious metals.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The box in which the stamps for crushing ore

play up and down.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The pitcher and catcher

together.</def>



<hw>Bat"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of one who bats; the management of a bat in playing

games of ball.</def>



<au>Mason.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making

quilts, etc.; <as>as, cotton <ex>batting</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fertile. See

<er>Battel</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bataille</ets>,

<ets>bataile</ets>, F. <ets>bataille</ets> battle, OF., battle,

battalion, fr. L. <ets>battalia</ets>, <ets>battualia</ets>, the

fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, fr.

<ets>batuere</ets> to strike, beat. Cf. <er>Battalia</er>, 1st

<er>Battel</er>, and see <er>Batter</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A general action, fight, or encounter,

in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; an

engagement; a combat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A struggle; a contest; <as>as, the

<ex>battle</ex> of life</as>.</def>



<q>The whole intellectual <qex>battle</qex> that had at its

center the best poem of the best poet of that day.</q>

<qau>H. Morley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A division of an army; a battalion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The king divided his army into three <qex>battles</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the

<qex>battle</qex>, and on it alone depended the fate of every

action.</q>

<qau>Robertson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The main body, as distinct from the van and

rear; battalia.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Hayward.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Battle</xex> is used adjectively or as the

first part of a self-explaining compound; as, <xex>battle</xex>

brand, a \'bdbrand\'b8 or sword used in battle; <xex>battle</xex>

cry; <xex>battle</xex>field; <xex>battle</xex> ground;

<xex>battle</xex>array; <xex>battle</xex> song.</note>



<cs><col>Battle piece</col>, <cd>a painting, or a musical

composition, representing a battle.</cd> -- <col>Battle

royal</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A fight between several gamecocks,

where the one that stands longest is the victor. <xex>Grose<xex>.

<sd>(b)</sd> A contest with fists or cudgels in which more than

two are engaged; a m\'88l\'82e. <xex>Thackeray<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Drawn battle</col>, <cd>one in which neither party gains the

victory.</cd> -- <col>To give battle</col>, <cd>to attack an

enemy.</cd> -- <col>To join battle</col>, <cd>to meet the attack;

to engage in battle.</cd> -- <col>Pitched battle</col>, <cd>one

in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a

regular disposition of the forces.</cd> -- <col>Wager of

battle</col>. <cd>See under <er>Wager</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Conflict; encounter; contest; action.</syn> <usage>

<er>Battle</er>, <er>Combat</er>, <er>Fight</er>,

<er>Engagement</er>. These words agree in denoting a close

encounter between contending parties. <xex>Fight</xex> is a word

of less dignity than the others. Except in poetry, it is more

naturally applied to the encounter of a few individuals, and more

commonly an accidental one; as, a street <xex>fight</xex>. A

<xex>combat</xex> is a close encounter, whether between few or

many, and is usually premeditated. A <xex>battle</xex> is

commonly more general and prolonged. An <xex>engagement</xex>

supposes large numbers on each side, <xex>engaged</xex> or

intermingled in the conflict.</usage>



<hw>Bat"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Battled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Battling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>batailler</ets>, fr. <ets>bataille</ets>. See

<er>Battle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To join in battle; to

contend in fight; <as>as, to battle over theories</as>.</def>



<q>To meet in arms, and <qex>battle</qex> in the plain.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Bat"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assail in battle; to

fight.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bat"tle-ax`</hw>  <hw>Bat"tle-axe`</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of

broadax formerly used as an offensive weapon.</def>



<hw>Bat"tled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos>

<def>Embattled.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Bat"tle*door`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>batyldour</ets>. A corrupted form of uncertain origin; cf.

Sp. <ets>batallador</ets> a great combatant, he who has fought

many battles, Pg. <ets>batalhador</ets>, Pr.

<ets>batalhador</ets>, warrior, soldier, fr. L.

<ets>battalia</ets>; or cf. Pr. <ets>batedor</ets> batlet, fr.

<ets>batre</ets> to beat, fr. L. <ets>batuere</ets>. See

<er>Battle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

instrument, with a handle and a flat part covered with parchment

or crossed with catgut, used to strike a shuttlecock in play;

also, the play of battledoor and shuttlecock.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[OE. <ets>battleder</ets>.]</ety> <def>A child's

hornbook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bat"tle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>batelment</ets>; cf. OF. <ets>bataillement</ets> combat, fr.

<ets>batailler</ets>, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to

fortify. Cf. <er>Battle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Bastile</er>,

<er>Bastion</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One

of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient

fortifications.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>pl. The whole parapet,

consisting of alternate solids and open spaces. At first purely a

military feature, afterwards copied on a smaller scale with

decorative features, as for churches.</def>



<hw>Bat"tle*ment*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

battlements.</def>



<q>A <qex>battlemented</qex> portal.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bat*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

battologizes.</def>



<hw>Bat*tol"o*gize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

keep repeating needlessly; to iterate.</def>



<au> Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Bat*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>battologie</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> a

stammerer + <ets><?/</ets> speech.]</ety> <def>A needless

repetition of words in speaking or writing.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bat"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Batten</er>, and <er>Baton</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bat"tue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>battue</ets>, fr. <ets>battre</ets> to beat. See

<er>Batter</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Battuta</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The act of beating the woods, bushes, etc., for game.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The game itself.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The

wanton slaughter of game.</def>



<au>Howitt.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bat`ture"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>battre</ets> to beat. ]</ety> <def>An elevated river bed or

sea bed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bat*tu"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>battuta</ets>, fr. <ets>battere</ets> to beat.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The measuring of time by beating.</def>



<hw>Bat"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or

resembling, a bat.</def> \'bd<xex>Batty</xex> wings.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bat"ule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A springboard

in a circus or gymnasium; -- called also <altname>batule

board</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Batz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Batzen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Ger. <ets>batz</ets>,

<ets>batze</ets>, <ets>batzen</ets>, a coin bearing the image of

a bear, Ger. <ets>b\'84tz</ets>, <ets>betz</ets>, bear.]</ety>

<def>A small copper coin, with a mixture of silver, formerly

current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was worth

about four cents.</def>



<hw>Bau*bee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bawbee</er>.</def>



<hw>Bau"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>baubel</ets> a child's plaything, F. <ets>babiole</ets>, It.

<ets>babbola</ets>, LL. <ets>baubellum</ets> gem, jewel, L.

<ets>babulus</ets>,<ets>a baburrus</ets>, foolish.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which

is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy

plaything.</def>



<q>The ineffective <qex>bauble</qex> of an Indian pagod.</q>

<qau>Sheridan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fool's club.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bdA <xex>fool's bauble</xex> was a short stick with a head

ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it.\'b8



<au> Nares.</au>



<hw>Bau"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, a. See

<er>Bawbling</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bau"de*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bawdekin</ets> rich silk stuff, OF. <ets>baudequin</ets>.

See <er>Baldachin</er>.]</ety> <def>The richest kind of stuff

used in garments in the Middle Ages, the web being gold, and the

woof silk, with embroidery : -- made originally at Bagdad.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baudkin</asp>, <asp>baudkyn</asp>,

<asp>bawdekin</asp>, and <asp>baldakin</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Bau"drick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A belt. See

<er>Baldric</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bauk</hw>, <hw>Baulk</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See <er>Balk</er>.</def>



<hw>Baun"scheidt*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

the introducer, a German named <ets>Baunscheidt</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A form of acupuncture, followed by the

rubbing of the part with a stimulating fluid.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Baux"ite</hw>, <hw>Beaux"ite</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. <ets>Baux</ets> or

<ets>Beaux</ets>, near Arles.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the

preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of

furnaces which are exposed to intense heat.</def>



<hw>Ba*va"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bavaria.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

native or an inhabitant of Bavaria.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Bavarian cream</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Cream</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bav"a*roy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>Bavarois</ets> Bavarian.]</ety> <def>A kind of cloak or

surtout.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Johnson.</au>



<q>Let the looped <qex>bavaroy</qex> the fop embrace.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<-- p. 126  -->



<hw>Ba"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Baboon</er>.]</ety> <def>A baboon.</def>



<hw>Bav"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael. & Ir.

<ets>baban</ets> tuft, tassel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fagot of

brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for kindling fires;

refuse of brushwood.</def> <mark>[Obs. or <xex>Dial</xex>.

<xex>Eng</xex>.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Impure limestone.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Baw*bee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

corrupt. fr. <ets>halfpenny</ets>.]</ety> <def>A halfpenny.</def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>baubee</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Scot. &

Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Baw"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trinket. See

<er>Bauble</er>.</def>



<hw>Baw"bling</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Insignificant;

contemptible.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Baw"cock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From F.

<ets>beau</ets> fine + E. <ets>cock</ets> (the bird); or more

prob. fr. OF. <ets>baud</ets> bold, gay + E. <ets>cock</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <def>A fine fellow; -- a term of

endearment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdHow now, my

<xex>bawcock</xex> ?\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bawd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baude</ets>, OF. <ets>balt</ets>, <ets>baut</ets>,

<ets>baude</ets>, bold, merry, perh. fr. OHG. <ets>bald</ets>

bold; or fr. Celtic, cf. W. <ets>baw</ets> dirt. Cf.

<er>Bold</er>, <er>Bawdry</er>.]</ety> <def>A person who keeps a

house of prostitution, or procures women for a lewd purpose; a

procurer or procuress; a lewd person; -- usually applied to a

woman.</def>



<hw>Bawd</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To procure women for lewd

purposes.</def>



<hw>Bawd"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Obscenely;

lewdly.</def>



<hw>Bawd"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Obscenity;

lewdness.</def>



<hw>Bawd"rick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A belt. See

<er>Baldric</er>.</def>



<hw>Bawd"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>baudery</ets>, OF. <ets>bauderie</ets>, <ets>balderie</ets>,

boldness, joy. See <er>Bawd</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Illicit intercourse; fornication.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.</def>

\'bdThe pert style of the pit <xex>bawdry</xex>.\'b8



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Bawd"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dirty; foul; --

said of clothes.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It [a garment] is al <qex>bawdy</qex> and to-tore also.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obscene; filthy; unchaste.</def> \'bdA

<xex>bawdy</xex> story.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Baw"dy*house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

of prostitution; a house of ill fame; a brothel.</def>



<hw>Baw"horse`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bathorse</er>.</def>



<hw>Bawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bawled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bawling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Icel. <ets>baula</ets> to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to

Sw. <ets>b\'94la</ets>; cf. AS <ets>bellan</ets>, G.

<ets>bellen</ets> to bark, E. <ets>bellow</ets>,

<ets>bull</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry out with a loud,

full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation;

to shout; to vociferate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cry loudly, as a child from pain or

vexation.</def>



<hw>Bawl</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To proclaim with a loud

voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or town-crier does.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bawl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud, prolonged cry; an

outcry.</def>



<hw>Bawl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bawls.</def>



<hw>Bawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael.

<ets>babhun</ets> inclosure, bulwark.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

inclosure with mud or stone walls, for keeping cattle; a

fortified inclosure.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large house.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Baw"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>barletta</ets> a tree falcon, or hobby.]</ety> <def>A kind

of hawk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Baw"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Baw"son</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bawson</ets>,

<ets>baucyne</ets>, badger (named from its color), OF.

<ets>bauzan</ets>, <ets>baucant</ets>, <ets>bauchant</ets>,

spotted with white, pied; cf. It. <ets>balzano</ets>, F.

<ets>balzan</ets>, a white-footed horse, It. <ets>balza</ets>

border, trimming, fr. L. <ets>balteus</ets> belt, border, edge.

Cf. Belt.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A badger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large, unwieldy person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Nares.</au>



<hw>Bax"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bakestre</ets>, <ets>bakistre</ets>, AS.

<ets>b\'91cestre</ets>, prop. fem. of <ets>b\'91cere</ets> baker.

See <er>Baker</er>.]</ety> <def>A baker; originally, a female

baker.</def> <mark>[Old Eng. & Scotch]</mark>



<hw>Bay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bai</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>badius</ets> brown, chestnutcolored; -- used only of

horses.]</ety> <def>Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; --

applied to the color of horses.</def>



<cs><col>Bay cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wild cat of

Africa and the East Indies (<spn>Felis aurata</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Bay lynx</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common

American lynx (<spn>Felis, or Lynx, rufa</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>baia</ets>. Of uncertain origin: cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>badh</ets> or <ets>bagh</ets> bay harbor, creek; Bisc.

<ets>baia</ets>, <ets>baiya</ets>, harbor, and F.

<ets>bayer</ets> to gape, open the mouth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than

a gulf, but of the same general character.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is not used with much precision, and is

often applied to large tracts of water, around which the land

forms a curve; as, Hudson's <xex>Bay</xex>. The name is not

restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but is used

foe any recess or inlet between capes or headlands; as, the

<xex>Bay</xex> of Biscay.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small body of water set off from the main

body; as a compartment containing water for a wheel; the portion

of a canal just outside of the gates of a lock, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A recess or indentation shaped like a bay.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or

other part of a building, or of the whole building, as marked off

by the buttresses, vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of

the main divisions of any structure, as the part of a bridge

between two piers.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or

grain in the stalks.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy

Bay.</def>



<cs><col>Sick bay</col>, <cd>in vessels of war, that part of a

deck appropriated to the use of the sick.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>baie</ets> a berry, the

fruit of the laurel and other trees, fr. L. <ets>baca</ets>,

<ets>bacca</ets>, a small round fruit, a berry, akin to Lith.

<ets>bapka</ets> laurel berry.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A berry,

particularly of the laurel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The laurel tree (<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>).

Hence, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown bestowed as a

prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of

branches of the laurel.</def>



<q>The patriot's honors and the poet's <qex>bays</qex>.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tract covered with bay trees.</def>

<mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bay leaf</col>, <cd>the leaf of the bay tree

(<spn>Laurus nobilis</spn>). It has a fragrant odor and an

aromatic taste.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bayed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Baying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ OE. <ets>bayen</ets>,

<ets>abayen</ets>, OF. <ets>abaier</ets>, F. <ets>aboyer</ets>,

to bark; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>To bark, as a dog with

a deep voice does, at his game.</def>



<q>The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely <qex>bayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bark at;

hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay; <as>as,

to bay the bear</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bay</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Deep-toned, prolonged

barking.</def> \'bdThe <xex>bay</xex> of curs.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[OE. <ets>bay</ets>, <ets>abay</ets>, OF.

<ets>abai</ets>, F. <ets>aboi</ets> barking, pl.

<ets>abois</ets>, prop. the extremity to which the stag is

reduced when surrounded by the dogs, barking

(<ets>aboyant</ets>); <ets>aux abois</ets> at bay.]</ety> <def>A

state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty,

when escape has become impossible.</def>



<q>Embolden'd by despair, he stood at <qex>bay</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The most terrible evils are just kept at <qex>bay</qex> by

incessant efforts.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor</qau>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>b\'91wen</ets>

to bathe, and G. <ets>b\'84hen</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To

bathe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bank or dam to keep back

water.</def>



<hw>Bay</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dam, as water; -- with

<xex>up</xex> or <xex>back</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ba"ya</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The East Indian weaver

bird (<spn>Ploceus Philippinus</spn>).</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Ba*yad"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ba*yatte"</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>bayad</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large,

edible, siluroid fish of the Nile, of two species (<spn>Bagrina

bayad</spn> and <spn>B. docmac</spn>).</def>



<hw>Ba`ya*dere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., from

Pg. <ets>bailadeira</ets> a female dancer, <ets>bailar</ets> to

dance.]</ety> <def>A female dancer in the East Indies.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>bajadere</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bay"-ant`ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bez-Antler</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The second

tine of a stag's horn. See under <er>Antler</er>.</def>



<hw>Bay"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<ety>[OF. <ets>bayard</ets>, <ets>baiart</ets>, bay horse;

<ets>bai</ets> bay + <ets>-ard</ets>. See <er>Bay</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and <er>-ard</er>.]</ety> <def>Properly, a bay

horse, but often any horse. Commonly in the phrase <xex>blind

bayard</xex>, an old blind horse.</def>



<q>Blind <qex>bayard</qex> moves the mill.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bayeur</ets>, fr. <ets>bayer</ets>

to gape.]</ety> <def>A stupid, clownish fellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bay"ard*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Blind; stupid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdA formal and <xex>bayardly</xex> round

of duties.\'b8



<au>Goodman.</au>



<hw>Bay"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The fruit of the bay tree or <spn>Laurus

nobilis</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A tree of the West Indies

related to the myrtle (<spn>Pimenta acris</spn>).</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>The fruit of <spn>Myrica cerifera</spn> (wax

myrtle); the shrub itself; -- called also <altname>candleberry

tree</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Bayberry tallow</col>, <cd>a fragrant green wax obtained

from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also <altname>myrtle

wax</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bay"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bolt with a

barbed shank.</def>



<hw>Bayed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a bay or

bays.</def> \'bdThe large <xex>bayed</xex> barn.\'b8



<au> Drayton.</au>



<hw>Bay" ice`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Ice</er>.</def>



<hw>Bay" leaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under 3d

<er>Bay</er>.</def>



<hw>Bay"o*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bayonnette</ets>, <ets>ba\'8bonnette</ets>; -- so called, it

is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A pointed instrument of the

dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to

give the soldier increased means of offense and defense.</def>



<note><hand/ Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle,

which required to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the

soldier had fired.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A pin which plays in and out

of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or

disengage parts of the machinery.</def>



<cs><col>Bayonet clutch</col>. <cd>See <er>Clutch</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bayonet joint</col>, <cd>a form of coupling similar to that

by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bay"o*net</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bayoneted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bayoneting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stab with a

bayonet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To compel or drive by the bayonet.</def>



<q>To <qex>bayonet</qex> us into submission.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Bay"ou</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bayous</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.<ety> [North Am. Indian

<ets>bayuk</ets>, in F. spelling <ets>bayouc</ets>,

<ets>bayouque</ets>.]</ety> <def>An inlet from the Gulf of

Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish,

sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and

wind.</def> <mark>[Southern U. S.]</mark>



<q>A dark slender thread of a <qex>bayou</qex> moves loiteringly

northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses.</q>

<qau>G. W. Cable.</qau>



<hw>Bay" rum"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A fragrant liquid, used for

cosmetic and medicinal purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ The original bay rum, from the West Indies, is

prepared, it is believed, by distillation from the leaves of the

bayberry (<spn>Myrcia acris</spn>). The bay rum of the

Pharmacop\'d2ia (spirit of myrcia) is prepared from oil of myrcia

(bayberry), oil of orange peel, oil of pimento, alcohol, and

water.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bays</hw>, <hw>Bayze</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Baize</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bay" salt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Salt which has been

obtained from sea water, by evaporation in shallow pits or

basins, by the heat of the sun; the large crystalline salt of

commerce.</def>



<au>Bacon. Ure.</au>



<hw>Bay" tree`</hw>. <def>A species of laurel. (<spn>Laurus

nobilis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bay" win"dow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting outward

from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or

semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a <altname>bow

window</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bay" yarn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Woolen yarn.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ba*zaar"  Ba*zar"</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. <ets>b\'bezar</ets> market.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or

assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale

of goods, as at a fair.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc.,

commonly for a charitable objects.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Bdel"lium</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>; cf. Heb. <ets>b'dolakh</ets> bdellium (in sense

1).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An unidentified substance mentioned

in the Bible (<au>Gen. ii. 12</au>, and <au>Num. xi. 7</au>),

variously taken to be a gum, a precious stone, or pearls, or

perhaps a kind of amber found in Arabia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gum resin of reddish brown color, brought from

India, Persia, and Africa.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Indian bdellium</xex> or <xex>false myrrh</xex>

is an exudation from <xex>Balsamodendron Roxb<?/rghii</xex>.

Other kinds are known as <xex>African</xex>, <xex>Sicilian</xex>,

etc.</note>



<hw>\'d8Bdel*loi"de*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The order of Annulata which includes

the leeches. See <er>Hirudinea</er>.</def>



<hw>Bdel*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A cupping glass to which are attached a

scarificator and an exhausting syringe.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bdel`lo*mor"pha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> leech + <ets><?/</ets>

form.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of Nemertina,

including the large leechlike worms (<spn>Malacobdella</spn>)

often parasitic in clams.</def>



<hw>Be</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Was</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Been</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Being</er>.]</ety> <ety>[OE. <ets>been</ets>,

<ets>beon</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2n</ets> to be, <ets>be\'a2m</ets>

I am; akin to OHG. <ets>bim</ets>, <ets>pim</ets>, G.

<ets>bin</ets>, I am, Gael. & Ir. <ets>bu</ets> was, W.

<ets>bod</ets> to be, Lith. <ets>bu-ti</ets>, O. Slav.

<ets>by-ti</ets>, to be, L. <ets>fu-i</ets> I have been,

<ets>fu-turus</ets> about to be, <ets>fo-re</ets> to be about to

be, and perh to <ets>fieri</ets> to become, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to

be born, to be, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to be. This verb is

defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other

roots, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, which have no radical

connection with <ets>be</ets>. The various forms, <ets>am</ets>,

<ets>are</ets>, <ets>is</ets>, <ets>was</ets>, <ets>were</ets>,

etc., are considered grammatically as parts of the verb \'bdto

be\'b8, which, with its conjugational forms, is often called the

<ets>substantive verb</ets>. <?/97. Cf. <er>Future</er>,

<er>Physic</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exist actually, or in

the world of fact; to have ex<?/stence.</def>



<q>To <qex>be</qex> contents his natural desire.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>To <qex>be</qex>, or not to <qex>be</qex>: that is the

question.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exist in a certain manner or relation, --

whether as a reality or as a product of thought; to exist as the

subject of a certain predicate, that is, as having a certain

attribute, or as belonging to a certain sort, or as identical

with what is specified, -- a word or words for the predicate

being annexed; <as>as, to <ex>be</ex> happy; to <ex>be</ex> here;

to <ex>be</ex> large, or strong; to <ex>be</ex> an animal; to

<ex>be</ex> a hero; to <ex>be</ex> a nonentity; three and two

<ex>are</ex> five; annihilation <ex>is</ex> the cessation of

existence; that <ex>is</ex> the man.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take place; to happen; <as>as, the meeting

<ex>was</ex> on Thursday</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer

to.</def>



<q>The field <qex>is</qex> the world.</q>

<qau>Matt. xiii. 38.</qau>



<q>The seven candlesticks which thou sawest <qex>are</qex> the

seven churches.</q>

<qau>Rev. i. 20.</qau>



<note><hand/ The verb <xex>to be</xex> (including the forms

<xex>is</xex>, <xex>was</xex>, etc.) is used in forming the

passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James.

It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive

verbs to express a state of the subject. But <xex>have</xex> is

now more commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a

different sense; as, \'bdYe have come too late -- but ye <xex>are

come</xex>. \'b8 \'bdThe minstrel boy to the war <xex>is

gone</xex>.\'b8 The present and imperfect tenses form, with the

infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity,

duty, or purpose; as, government <xex>is</xex> to be supported;

we <xex>are</xex> to pay our just debts; the deed is to be signed

to-morrow.</note>



<note><xex>Have</xex> or <xex>had been</xex>, followed by

<xex>to</xex>, implies movement. \'bdI <xex>have been to</xex>

Paris.\'b8  <au>Sydney Smith</au>. \'bd<xex>Have</xex> you

<xex>been to</xex> Franchard ?\'b8 <au>R. L.

Stevenson</au>.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Been</xex>, or <xex>ben</xex>, was anciently

the plural of the indicative present. \'bdYe <xex>ben</xex> light

of the world.\'b8 <au>Wyclif, Matt. v. 14</au>.  Afterwards

<xex>be</xex> was used, as in our Bible: \'bdThey that

<xex>be</xex> with us are more than they that be with them.\'b8

<au>2 Kings vi. 16</au>. <xex>Ben</xex> was also the old

infinitive: \'bdTo <xex>ben</xex> of such power.\'b8 <au>R. of

Gloucester</au>. <xex>Be</xex> is used as a form of the present

subjunctive: \'bdBut if it <xex>be</xex> a question of words and

names.\'b8 <au>Acts xviii. 15</au>. But the indicative forms,

<xex>is</xex> and <xex>are</xex>, with if, are more commonly

used.</note>



<cs><col>Be it so</col>, <cd>a phrase of supposition, equivalent

to <xex>suppose it to be<xex> so; or of permission, signifying

<xex>let it be so<xex>.</cd> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>If so

be</col>, <cd>in case.</cd> -- <col>To be from</col>, <cd>to have

come from; as, <xex>from<xex> what place <xex>are<xex> you ? I

<xex>am from<xex> Chicago.</cd> -- <col>To let be</col>, <cd>to

omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. \'bd<xex>Let be<xex>,

therefore, my vengeance to dissuade.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au> Spenser.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>To be</er>, <er>Exist</er>.</syn> <usage> The

verb <xex>to be</xex>, except in a few rare case, like that of

Shakespeare's \'bdTo <xex>be</xex>, or not to <xex>be</xex>\'b8,

is used simply as a <xex>copula</xex>, to connect a subject with

its predicate; as, man <xex>is</xex> mortal; the soul

<xex>is</xex> immortal. The verb <xex>to exist</xex> is never

properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that

<xex>stand forth</xex>, or have a substantive being; as, when the

soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly

<xex>exists</xex>. It is not, therefore, properly synonymous with

to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made so by some

writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase \'bdthere

<xex>exists</xex> [<xex>is</xex>] no reason for laying new

taxes.\'b8 We may, indeed, say, \'bda friendship has long

<xex>existed</xex> between them,\'b8 instead of saying, \'bdthere

has long <xex>been</xex> a friendship between them;\'b8 but in

this case, <xex>exist</xex> is not a mere copula. It is used in

its appropriate sense to mark the friendship as having been long

in <xex>existence</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Be*</hw>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be</ets>, and in accented form

<ets>b\'c6</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>,

OHG. <ets>bi</ets>, <ets>pi</ets>, and <ets>p\'c6</ets>, MHG.

<ets>be</ets> and <ets>b\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>be</ets> and

<ets>bei</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi</ets>, and perh. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

about (cf. AS. <ets>be</ets>se\'a2n to look about). <?/203. Gr.

<er>By</er>, <er>Amb-</er>.]</ety> <def>A prefix, originally the

same word as <xex>by</xex>; joined with verbs, it serves:

<sd>(a)</sd> To intensify the meaning; <as>as,

<ex>be</ex>spatter, <ex>be</ex>stir</as>. <sd>(b)</sd> To render

an intransitive verb transitive; <as>as, <ex>be</ex>fall (to fall

upon); <xex>be</xex>speak (to speak for). <sd>(c)</sd> To make

the action of a verb particular or definite; <as>as,

<ex>be</ex>get (to get as offspring)</as>; <ex>be</ex>set (to set

around).</as></def>



<note>It is joined with certain substantives, and a few

adjectives, to form verbs; as, <xex>be</xex>dew,

<xex>be</xex>friend, <xex>be</xex>night, <xex>be</xex>sot;

<xex>be</xex>late (to make late); <xex>be</xex>little (to make

little). It also occurs in certain nouns, adverbs, and

prepositions, often with something of the force of the

preposition <xex>by</xex>, or <xex>about</xex>; as,

<xex>be</xex>lief (believe), <xex>be</xex>half,

<xex>be</xex>quest (bequeath); <xex>be</xex>cause,

<xex>be</xex>fore, <xex>be</xex>neath, <xex>be</xex>side,

<xex>be</xex>tween.

In some words the original force of <xex>be</xex> is obscured or

lost; as, in <xex>be</xex>come, <xex>be</xex>gin,

<xex>be</xex>have, <xex>be</xex>hoove, <xex>be</xex>long.</note>



<-- p. 127  -->



<hw>Beach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beaches</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>backe</ets>

hill, Dan. <ets>bakke</ets>, Icel. <ets>bakki</ets> hill, bank. 

Cf. <er>Bank</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pebbles, collectively;

shingle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is

washed by the waves; especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the

strand.</def>



<cs><col>Beach flea</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common

name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family

<spn>Orchestid\'91</spn>, living on the sea beaches, and leaping

like fleas.</cd> -- <col>Beach grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a coarse grass (<spn>Ammophila arundinacea</spn>), growing on

the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its interlaced

running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists the

encroachment of the waves.</cd> -- <col>Beach wagon</col>, <cd>a

light open wagon with two or more seats.</cd> -- <col>Raised

beach</col>, <cd>an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel,

sand, and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave

action, whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in

Norway, or left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river

regions.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beached</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beaching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To run or drive (as a vessel

or a boat) upon a beach; to strand; <as>as, to <ex>beach</ex> a

ship</as>.</def>



<hw>Beach" comb`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A long, curling wave

rolling in from the ocean. See <er>Comber</er>.</def>

<mark>[Amer.]</mark>



<hw>Beached</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Bordered by a beach.</def>



<q>The <qex>beached</qex> verge of the salt flood.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Driven on a beach; stranded; drawn up on a

beach; <as>as, the ship is <ex>beached</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Beach"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a beach

or beaches; formed by a beach or beaches; shingly.</def>



<q>The <qex>beachy</qex> girdle of the ocean.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bea"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bekene</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0cen</ets>, <ets>b<?/cen</ets>;

akin to OS. <ets>b<?/kan</ets>, Fries. <ets>baken</ets>,

<ets>beken</ets>, sign, signal, D. <ets>baak</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bouhhan</ets>, G. <ets>bake</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf.

<er>Beckon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A signal fire to notify

of the approach of an enemy, or to give any notice, commonly of

warning.</def>



<q>No flaming <qex>beacons</qex> cast their blaze afar.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an

eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to

mariners.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A high hill near the shore.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which gives notice of danger.</def>



<q>Modest doubt is called

The <qex>beacon</qex> of the wise.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Beacon fire</col>, <cd>a signal fire.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bea"con</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beaconed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beaconing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give light

to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine.</def>



<q>That <qex>beacons</qex> the darkness of heaven.</q>

<qau> Campbell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a beacon or beacons.</def>



<hw>Bea"con*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Money paid

for the maintenance of a beacon; also, beacons,

collectively.</def>



<hw>Bea"con*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no beacon.</def>



<hw>Bead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bede</ets> prayer, prayer <ets>bead</ets>, AS.

<ets>bed</ets>, <ets>gebed</ets>, prayer; akin to D.

<ets>bede</ets>, G. <ets>bitte</ets>, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>, to

ask, <ets>bid</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets> to ask, and perh. to

Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust.

Beads are used by the Roman Catholics to count their prayers, one

bead being dropped down a string every time a prayer is said. Cf.

Sp. <ets>cuenta</ets> bead, fr. <ets>contar</ets> to count. See

<er>Bid</er>, in <ets>to bid beads</ets>, and

<er>Bide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prayer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little perforated ball, to be strung on a

thread, and worn for ornament; or used in a rosary for counting

prayers, as by Roman Catholics and Mohammedans, whence the

phrases <xex>to tell beads</xex>, <xex>to at one's beads</xex>,

<xex>to bid beads</xex>, etc., meaning, to be at prayer.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any small globular body</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A bubble in spirits.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A drop of sweat

or other liquid.</def>  \'bdCold <xex>beads</xex> of midnight

dew.\'b8 <au>Wordsworth</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A small knob of

metal on a firearm, used for taking aim (whence the expression

<xex>to draw a bead</xex>, for, to take aim).</def> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small molding of rounded surface, the

section being usually an arc of a circle.  It may be continuous,

or broken into short embossments.</def> <sd>(e)</sd>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or

microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several

mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before

the blowpipe; <as>as, the borax <ex>bead</ex>; the iron

<ex>bead</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bead and butt</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>framing in

which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the

two edges.  <au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Beat mold</col>, <cd>a

species of fungus or mold, the stems of which consist of single

cells loosely jointed together so as to resemble a string of

beads.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bead mould</asp>.]</altsp>

-- <col>Bead tool</col>, <cd>a cutting tool, having an edge

curved so as to make beads or beading.</cd> -- <col>Bead

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a tree of the genus

<spn>Melia</spn>, the best known species of which (<spn>M.

azedarach</spn>), has blue flowers which are very fragrant, and

berries which are poisonous.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bead</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To ornament with beads or

beading.</def>



<hw>Bead</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To form beadlike

bubbles.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bead"house`</hw>, <hw>Bede"house`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bede</ets> prayer + E.

<ets>house</ets>. See <er>Bead</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>An

almshouse for poor people who pray daily for their

benefactors.</def>



<hw>Bead"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>Molding in imitation of beads.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The beads or bead-forming quality of certain

liquors; <as>as, the <ex>beading</ex> of a brand of

whisky</as>.</def>



<hw>Bea"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bedel</ets>, <ets>bidel</ets>, <ets>budel</ets>, OF.

<ets>bedel</ets>, F. <ets>bedeau</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>butil</ets>, <ets>putil</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81ttel</ets>, fr.

OHG. <ets>biotan</ets>, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, to bid, confused

with AS. <ets>bydel</ets>, the same word as OHG.

<ets>butil</ets>. See. <er>Bid</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one

who cites or bids persons to appear and answer; -- called also an

<altname>apparitor</altname> or

<altname>summoner</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An officer in a university, who precedes public

processions of officers and students.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<note><hand/ In this sense the archaic spellings <xex>bedel</xex>

(Oxford) and <xex>bedell</xex> (Cambridge) are preserved.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An inferior parish officer in England having a

variety of duties, as the preservation of order in church

service, the chastisement of petty offenders, etc.</def>



<hw>Bea"dle*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Office or

jurisdiction of a beadle.</def>



<hw>Bea"dle*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being, or

the personality of, a beadle.</def>



<au>A. Wood.</au>



<hw>Bead" proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Among

distillers, a certain degree of strength in alcoholic liquor, as

formerly ascertained by the floating or sinking of glass globules

of different specific gravities thrown into it; now ascertained

by more accurate meters.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A degree of strength in alcoholic liquor as

shown by beads or small bubbles remaining on its surface, or at

the side of the glass, when shaken.</def>



<hw>Bead"roll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(R. C.

Ch.)</fld> <def>A catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose

souls a certain number of prayers are to be said or counted off

on the beads of a chaplet; hence, a catalogue in general.</def>



<q>On Fame's eternal <qex>beadroll</qex> worthy to be field.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>It is quite startling, on going over the <qex>beadroll</qex>

of English worthies, to find how few are directly represented in

the male line.</q>

<qau> Quart. Rev.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Beads"man</hw>, <hw>Bedes"man</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-men</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A poor man, supported in a beadhouse,

and required to pray for the soul of its founder; an

almsman.</def>



<q>Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor <qex>beadsman</qex>

for ever unto Almighty God.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Bead"snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small poisonous snake of North

America (<spn>Elaps fulvius</spn>), banded with yellow, red, and

black.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Beads"wom`an</hw>, <hw>Bedes"wom`an</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-women</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Fem. of <er>Beadsman</er>.</def>



<hw>Bead"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Ornamental

work in beads.</def>



<hw>Bead"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening.</def>

\'bd<xex>Beady</xex> eyes.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Covered or ornamented with, or as with,

beads.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Characterized by beads; <as>as, <ex>beady</ex>

liquor</as>.</def>



<hw>Bea"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>begele</ets>; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>beag</ets> small, little, W. <ets>bach</ets>. F.

<ets>bigle</ets> is from English.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small

hound, or hunting dog, twelve to fifteen inches high, used in

hunting hares and other small game. See <xex>Illustration</xex>

in Appendix.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: A spy or detective; a constable.</def>



<hw>Beak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bek</ets>, F. <ets>bec</ets>, fr. Celtic; cf. Gael. & Ir.

<ets>bac</ets>, <ets>bacc</ets>, <ets>hook</ets>, W.

<ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>1. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny

sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the

food and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the

classification of birds. <sd>(b)</sd> A similar bill in other

animals, as the turtles. <sd>(c)</sd> The long projecting sucking

mouth of some insects, and other invertebrates, as in the

Hemiptera. <sd>(d)</sd> The upper or projecting part of the

shell, near the hinge of a bivalve. <sd>(e)</sd> The prolongation

of certain univalve shells containing the canal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything projecting or ending in a point, like a

beak, as a promontory of land.</def>



<au>Carew.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A beam, shod or armed at the

end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of

an ancient galley, in order to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a

beakhead.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship, before

the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by

the main knee.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A continuous slight

projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a

drip from which the water is thrown off.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any process somewhat like the

beak of a bird, terminating the fruit or other parts of a

plant.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A toe clip. See <er>Clip</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A magistrate or policeman.</def> <mark>[Slang,

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Beaked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a beak or a beaklike point; beak-shaped.</def>

\'bdEach <xex>beaked</xex> promontory.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Furnished with a process or a

mouth like a beak; rostrate.</def>



<cs><col>Beaked whale</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a cetacean

of the genus <spn>Hyperoodon</spn>; the bottlehead

whale.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biker</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bikarr</ets>, Sw.

<ets>b\'84gare</ets>, Dan. <ets>baeger</ets>, G.

<ets>becher</ets>, It. <ets>bicchiere</ets>; -- all fr. LL.

<ets>bicarium</ets>, prob. fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> wine jar, or

perh. L. <ets>bacar</ets> wine vessel. Cf. <er>Pitcher</er> a

jug.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large drinking cup, with a wide

mouth, supported on a foot or standard.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a

projecting lip for pouring; -- used for holding solutions

requiring heat.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Beak"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament used in rich Norman doorways,

resembling a head with a beak.</def>



<au>Parker.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small platform

at the fore part of the upper deck of a vessel, which contains

the water closets of the crew.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Beak</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>Beak"i*ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>A bickern; a bench anvil with a

long beak, adapted to reach the interior surface of sheet metal

ware; the horn of an anvil.</def>



<hw>Beal</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See Boil a

tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> A small inflammatory tumor; a

pustule. [Prov. Eng.]



<hw>Beal</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bealed</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bealing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To gather matter; to

swell and come to a head, as a pimple.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Be"-all`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The whole; all

that is to be.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Beam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>be\'a0m</ets> beam, post, tree, ray of light; akin to

OFries. <ets>b\'bem</ets> tree, OS. <ets>b<?/m</ets>, D.

<ets>boom</ets>, OHG. <ets>boum</ets>, <ets>poum</ets>, G.

<ets>baum</ets>, Icel. <ets>ba<?/mr</ets>, Goth. <ets>bahms</ets>

and Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a growth, <ets><?/</ets> to become, to be.

Cf. L. <ets>radius</ets> staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, beam or

ray, and G. <ets>strahl</ets> arrow, spoke of a wheel, ray or

beam, flash of lightning. <?/97. See <er>Be</er>; cf.

<er>Boom</er> a spar.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any large piece of

timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared

for use.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the principal horizontal timbers of a

building or ship.</def>



<q>The <qex>beams</qex> of a vessel are strong pieces of timber

stretching across from side to side to support the decks.</q>

<qau>Totten.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The width of a vessel; <as>as, one vessel is

said to have more <ex>beam</ex> than another</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The bar of a balance, from the ends of which the

scales are suspended.</def>



<q>The doubtful <qex>beam</qex> long nods from side to side.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The principal stem or horn of a stag or other

deer, which bears the antlers, or branches.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The pole of a carriage.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on

which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on

which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven; one being called the

<xex>fore beam</xex>, the other the <xex>back beam</xex>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The straight part or shank of an anchor.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The main part of a plow, to which the handles

and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the

oxen or horses that draw it.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A heavy iron lever

having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which

is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion,

and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; -- called also

<altname>working beam</altname> or <altname>walking

beam</altname>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted

from the sun or other luminous body; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex> of

light, or of heat</as>.</def>



<q>How far that little candle throws his <qex>beams</qex> !</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>Fig.: A ray; a gleam; <as>as, a <ex>beam</ex>

of comfort</as>.</def>



<q>Mercy with her genial <qex>beam</qex>.</q>

<qau>Keble.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk;

-- called also <altname>beam feather</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Abaft the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc

of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right

angles, or in the direction of her beams, and that point of the

compass toward which her stern is directed.</cd> -- <col>Beam

center</col> <fld>(Mach.)</fld>, <cd>the fulcrum or pin on which

the working beam of an engine vibrates.</cd> -- <col>Beam

compass</col>, <cd>an instrument consisting of a rod or beam,

having sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points; -- used

for drawing or describing large circles.</cd> -- <col>Beam

engine</col>, <cd>a steam engine having a working beam to

transmit power, in distinction from one which has its piston rod

attached directly to the crank of the wheel shaft.</cd> --

<col>Before the beam</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in an arc of

the horizon included between a line that crosses the ship at

right angles and that point of the compass toward which the ship

steers.</cd> -- <col>On the beam</col> , <cd>in a line with the

beams, or at right angled with the keel.</cd> -- <col>On the

weather beam</col>, <cd>on the side of a ship which faces the

wind.</cd> -- <col>To be on her beam ends</col>, <cd>to incline,

as a vessel, so much on one side that her beams approach a

vertical position.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beam</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beamed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beaming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To send forth; to emit; --

followed ordinarily by <xex>forth</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>beam</ex>

forth light</as>.</def>



<hw>Beam</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To emit beams of

light.</def>



<q>He <qex>beamed</qex>, the daystar of the rising age.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Beam"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European flycatcher

(<spn>Muscicapa gricola</spn>), so called because it often nests

on a beam in a building.</def>



<hw>Beamed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

beams, as the head of a stag.</def>



<q>Tost his <qex>beamed</qex> frontlet to the sky.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Beam"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beamy;

radiant.</def>



<hw>Beam"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

beaming manner.</def>



<hw>Beam"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

beamy.</def>



<hw>Beam"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Emitting beams;

radiant.</def>



<hw>Beam"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a beaming manner;

radiantly.</def>



<hw>Beam"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not having a

beam.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not emitting light.</def>



<hw>Beam"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small beam

of light.</def>



<hw>Beam" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[AS. <ets>be\'a0m</ets> a

tree. See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree

(<spn>Pyrus aria</spn>) related to the apple.</def>



<hw>Beam"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining.</def>

\'bd<xex>Beamy</xex> gold.\'b8



<au>Tickell.</au>



<-- p. 128 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling a beam in size and weight;

massy.</def>



<q>His double-biting ax, and <qex>beamy</qex> spear.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having horns, or antlers.</def>



<q><qex>Beamy</qex> stags in toils engage.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bean</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bene</ets>, AS.<ets>be\'a0n</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>boon</ets>, G. <ets>bohne</ets>, OHG. <ets>p<?/na</ets>,

Icel. <ets>baun</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94nne</ets>, Sw.

<ets>b\'94na</ets>, and perh. to Russ. <ets>bob</ets>, L.

<ets>faba</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name

given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the

genera <spn>Faba</spn>, <spn>Phaseolus</spn>, and

<spn>Dolichos</spn>; also, to the herbs.</def>



<note><hand/ The origin and classification of many kinds are

still doubtful. Among true beans are: the black-eyed bean and

China bean, included in <spn>Dolichos Sinensis</spn>; black

Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, <spn>D. Lablab</spn>; the common

haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all

included in <spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>; the lower bush bean,

<spn>Ph. vulgaris</spn>, variety <spn>nanus</spn>; Lima bean,

<spn>Ph. lunatus</spn>; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, <spn>Ph.

maltiflorus</spn>; Windsor bean, the common bean of England,

<xex>Faba vulgaris</xex>.</note>



As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The popular name of other vegetable seeds or

fruits, more or less resembling true beans.</def>



<cs><col>Bean aphis</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a plant

louse (<spn>Aphis fab\'91</spn>) which infests the bean

plant.</cd> -- <col>Bean fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

fly found on bean flowers.</cd> -- <col>Bean goose</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of goose (<spn>Anser

segetum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bean weevil</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small weevil that in the larval

state destroys beans. The American species in <spn>Bruchus

fab\'91</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Florida bean</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the seed of <spn>Mucuna urens</spn>, a West Indian plant. The

seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished

and made into ornaments.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Ignatius bean</col>,

or <col>St. Ignatius's bean</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a

species of <spn>Strychnos</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Navy bean</col>,

<cd>the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called

because an important article of food in the navy.</cd> --

<col>Pea bean</col>, <cd>a very small and highly esteemed variety

of the edible white bean; -- so called from its size.</cd> --

<col>Sacred bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Sacred</er>.</cd> --

<col>Screw bean</col>. <cd>See under <er>Screw</er>.</cd> --

<col>Sea bean</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Same as <er>Florida

bean</er>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A red bean of unknown species

used for ornament.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Tonquin bean</col>, or

<col>Tonka bean</col></mcol>, <cd>the fragrant seed of

<spn>Dipteryx odorata</spn>, a leguminous tree.</cd> --

<col>Vanilla bean</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Vanilla</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bean" ca`per</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A deciduous plant

of warm climates, generally with fleshy leaves and flowers of a

yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus

<spn>Zygophyllum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Bean" tre"foil</hw>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A leguminous

shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves (<spn>Anagyris

f\'d2tida</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bore</er> <pr>(?)</pr> (formerly

<er>Bare</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>); <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Born</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Borne</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>beren</ets>, AS.

<ets>beran</ets>, <ets>beoran</ets>, to bear, carry, produce;

akin to D. <ets>baren</ets> to bring forth, G.

<ets>geb\'84ren</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a1ran</ets> to bear or

carry, Icel. bera, Sw. b\'84ra, Dan. b\'91re, OHG. beran, peran,

L. ferre to <ets>bear</ets>, carry, produce, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

OSlav <ets>brati</ets> to take, carry, OIr. <ets>berim</ets> I

bear, Skr. <ets>bh<?/</ets> to bear. <root/92. Cf.

<er>Fertile</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To support or sustain; to hold up.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support and remove or carry; to convey.</def>



<q>I 'll <qex>bear</qex> your logs the while.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Bear</qex> them to my house.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To possess and use, as power; to exercise.</def>



<q>Every man should <qex>bear</qex> rule in his own house.</q>

<qau>Esther i. 22.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or

as a mark), <as>as, the tablet bears this inscription</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or

distinction; to wear; <as>as, to bear a sword, badge, or

name</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the

mind; to entertain; to harbor</def>



<au> Dryden.</au>



<q>The ancient grudge I <qex>bear</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to

suffer.</def>



<q>Should such a man, too fond to rule alone,

<qex>Bear</qex>, like the Turk, no brother near the throne.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<q>I cannot <qex>bear</qex>

The murmur of this lake to hear.</q>

<qau>Shelley.</qau>



<q>My punishment is greater than I can <qex>bear</qex>.</q>

<qau> Gen. iv. 13.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To gain or win.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Some think to <qex>bear</qex> it by speaking a great word.</q>

<qau> Bacon.</qau>



<q>She was . . . found not guilty, through <qex>bearing</qex> of

friends and bribing of the judge.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame,

expense, responsibility, etc.</def>



<q>He shall <qex>bear</qex> their iniquities.</q>

<qau>Is. liii. 11.</qau>



<q>Somewhat that will <qex>bear</qex> your charges.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To render or give; to bring forward.</def>

\'bdYour testimony <xex>bear</xex>\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To carry on, or maintain; to have.</def>

\'bdThe credit of <xex>bearing</xex> a part in the

conversation.\'b8



<au> Locke.</au>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer

or sustain without violence, injury, or change.</def>



<q>In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should

be put on words that they can possibly <qex>bear</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>To manage, wield, or direct. \'bdThus must thou

thy body <xex>bear</xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. Hence: To behave; to

conduct.</def>



<q>Hath he <qex>borne</qex> himself penitently in prison ?</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>To afford; to be to ; to supply with.</def>



<q><?/is faithful dog shall <qex>bear</qex> him company.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>To bring forth or produce; to yield; <as>as, to

<ex>bear</ex> apples; to <ex>bear</ex> children; to <ex>bear</ex>

interest.</as></def>



<q>Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos <qex>bore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ In the passive form of this verb, the best modern

usage restricts the past participle <xex>born</xex> to the sense

of <xex>brought forth</xex>, while <xex>borne</xex> is used in

the other senses of the word. In the active form,

<xex>borne</xex> alone is used as the past participle.</note>



<cs><col>To bear down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force into a

lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink.</cd> \'bdHis

nose, . . . large as were the others, <xex>bore<xex> them

<xex>down<xex> into insignificance.\'b8 <au>Marryat</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To overthrow or crush by force; as, to <xex>bear

down<xex> an enemy.</cd> -- <col>To bear a hand</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To help; to give assistance.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To make haste; to be quick.</cd> --

<col>To bear in hand</col>, <cd>to keep (one) up in expectation,

usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false

pretenses; to delude.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdHow you were

<xex>borne in hand<xex>, how crossed.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. --

<col>To bear in mind</col>, <cd>to remember.</cd> -- <col>To bear

off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To restrain; to keep from

approach.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To remove to a

distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to

<xex>bear off<xex> a blow; to <xex>bear off<xex> a boat.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To gain; to carry off, as a prize.</cd> --

<col>To bear one hard</col>, <cd>to owe one a grudge.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdC\'91sar doth <xex>bear me

hard<xex>.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To bear out</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To maintain and support to the end; to defend to

the last.</cd>  \'bdCompany only can <xex>bear<xex> a man

<xex>out<xex> in an ill thing.\'b8 <au>South</au>. <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To corroborate; to confirm.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>,

<cd>to support; to keep from falling or sinking.</cd> 

\'bdReligious hope <xex>bears up<xex> the mind under

sufferings.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo;

suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.</syn>



<hw>Bear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to

barrenness.</def>



<q>This age to blossom, and the next to <qex>bear</qex>.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suffer, as in carrying a burden.</def>



<q>But man is born to <qex>bear</qex>.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To endure with patience; to be patient.</def>



<q>I can not, can not <qex>bear</qex>.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To press; -- with <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>, or <xex>against</xex>.</def>



<q>These men <qex>bear</qex> hard on the suspected party.</q>

<qau> Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To take effect; to have influence or force;

<as>as, to bring matters to <ex>bear</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To relate or refer; -- with <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex>; as, how does this <xex>bear</xex> on the

question?</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To have a certain meaning, intent, or

effect.</def>



<q>Her sentence <qex>bore</qex> that she should stand a certain

time upon the platform.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To be situated, as to the point of compass, with

respect to something else; <as>as, the land <ex>bears</ex>

N</as>. by E.</def>



<cs><col>To bear against</col>, <cd>to approach for attack or

seizure; <as>as, a lion <ex>bears against</ex> his

prey</as>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bear away</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to change the course of a ship, and make

her run before the wind.</cd> -- <col>To bear back</col>, <cd>to

retreat.</cd>  \'bd<xex>Bearing back<xex> from the blows of their

sable antagonist.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott</au>. -- <col>To bear down

upon</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to approach from the windward

side; <as>as, the fleet <ex>bore down upon<ex> the

enemy</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear in with</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to run or tend toward; <as>as, a ship

<ex>bears in with<ex> the land</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear

off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to steer away, as from

land.</cd> -- <col>To bear up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be

supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; <as>as, to

<ex>bear up<ex> under afflictions</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To put the helm up (or to windward) and so

put the ship before the wind; to bear away.</cd> 

<au>Hamersly</au>. -- <col>To bear upon</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>,

<cd>to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed

directly against, or so as to hit (the object); <as>as, to bring

or plant guns so as to <ex>bear upon<ex> a fort or a ship; the

artillery <ex>bore upon<ex> the center</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear

up to</col>, <cd>to tend or move toward; <as>as, to <ex>bear up

to<ex> one another</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bear with</col>, <cd>to

endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or

punish.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bier.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bere</ets>, AS. <ets>bera</ets>; akin to D. <ets>beer</ets>,

OHG. <ets>bero</ets>, <ets>pero</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>,

Icel. & Sw. <ets>bj\'94rn</ets>, and possibly to L.

<ets>fera</ets> wild beast, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> beast, Skr.

<ets>bhalla</ets> bear.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of the genus

Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade

Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects.</def>



<note>The European brown bear (<spn>U. arctos</spn>), the white

polar bear (<spn>U. maritimus</spn>), the grizzly bear (<spn>U.

horribilis</spn>), the American black bear, and its variety the

cinnamon bear (<spn>U. Americanus</spn>), the Syrian bear

(<spn>Ursus Syriacus</spn>), and the sloth bear, are among the

notable species.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An animal which has some

resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity;

<as>as, the woolly <ex>bear</ex>; ant <ex>bear</ex>; water

<ex>bear</ex>; sea <ex>bear.</ex></as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of two constellations

in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the <stype>Great

Bear</stype> and the <stype>Lesser Bear</stype>, or <stype>Ursa

Major</stype> and <stype>Ursa Minor</stype>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose

person.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>A person who sells

stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall

in the market.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>bears</xex> and <xex>bulls</xex> of the

Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the

other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to

the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing

up.</note>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A portable punching

machine.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block covered with coarse

matting; -- used to scour the deck.</def>



<cs><col>Australian bear</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See

<er>Koala</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bear baiting</col>, <cd>the sport of

baiting bears with dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bear caterpillar</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the

genus <spn>Euprepia</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bear garden</col>.

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> A place where bears are kept for diversion or

fighting. <sd>(b)</sd> Any place where riotous conduct is common

or permitted. <au>M. Arnold</au>.</cd> -- <col>Bear leader</col>,

<cd>one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a

facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his

travels.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>

<def>To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; <as>as,

to <ex>bear</ex> a railroad stock; to <ex>bear</ex> the

market.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bear</hw>, <hw>Bere</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>bere</ets>. See

<er>Barley</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley; the

six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly the former

(<spn>Hord. vulgare</spn>).</def> <mark>[Obs. except in North of

Eng. and Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bear"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being borne or endured; tolerable.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bear"a*bly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bear"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A trailing plant of the heath family

(<spn>Arctostaphylos uva-ursi</spn>), having leaves which are

tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries of which bears are

said to be fond.</def>



<hw>Bear"bind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The bindweed (<spn>Convolvulus arvensis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Beard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>berd</ets>, AS. <ets>beard</ets>; akin to Fries.

<ets>berd</ets>, D. <ets>baard</ets>, G. <ets>bart</ets>, Lith.

<ets>barzda</ets>, OSlav. <ets>brada</ets>, Pol.

<ets>broda</ets>, Russ. <ets>boroda</ets>, L. <ets>barba</ets>,

W. <ets>barf</ets>. Cf. 1st <er>Barb</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and

adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The long

hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The cluster of small feathers at the base of

the beak in some birds</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The appendages to

the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some

fishes.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The byssus of certain shellfish,

as the muscle.</def> <sd>(e)</sd> <def>The gills of some

bivalves, as the oyster.</def> <sd>(f)</sd> <def>In insects, the

hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Long or stiff hairs on a

plant; the awn; <as>as, the <ex>beard</ex> of grain</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other

instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being

easily drawn out.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That part of the under side of a horse's lower

jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a

bridle.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>That part of a type which is

between the shoulder of the shank and the face.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An imposition; a trick.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Beard grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a coarse,

perennial grass of different species of the genus

<xex>Andropogon<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To one's beard</col>, <cd>to

one's face; in open defiance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bearded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Bearding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of

(a man), in anger or contempt.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To oppose to the gills; to set at

defiance.</def>



<q>No admiral, <qex>bearded</qex> by three corrupt and dissolute

minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something

about a court martial.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters

and similar shellfish.</def>



<hw>Beard"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a beard.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bearded</xex> fellow.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.

\'bd<xex>Bearded</xex> grain.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>.



<cs><mcol><col>Bearded vulture</col>, <col>Bearded

eagle</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Lammergeir</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bearded tortoise</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Matamata</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beard"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Beard</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The bearded loach (<spn>Nemachilus barbatus</spn>) of

Europe.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Beard"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without a

beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood;

youthful.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Destitute of an awn; <as>as, <ex>beardless</ex>

wheat</as>.</def>



<hw>Beard"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being destitute of beard.</def>



<hw>Bear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bearers</xex> of burdens.\'b8 <au>2 Chron. ii. 18</au>.

\'bdThe <xex>bearer</xex> of unhappy news.\'b8



<au> Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body

to the grave; a pallbearer.</def>



<au> Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A palanquin carrier; also, a house

servant.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tree or plant yielding fruit; <as>as, a good

<ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>One who holds a check, note,

draft, or other order for the payment of money; <as>as, pay to

<ex>bearer</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A strip of reglet or other

furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a

type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to

support the plate when it is shaved.</def>



<hw>Bear"herd`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man who

tends a bear.</def>



<hw>Bear"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hound for

baiting or hunting bears.</def>



<au>Car<?/<?/le.</au>



<hw>Bear"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien;

behavior; carriage.</def>



<q>I know him by his <qex>bearing</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Patient endurance; suffering without

complaint.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The situation of one object, with respect to

another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with

the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it;

hence, relation; connection.</def>



<q>But of this frame, the <qex>bearings</qex> and the ties,

The strong connections, nice dependencies.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Purport; meaning; intended significance;

aspect.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The act, power, or time of producing or giving

birth; <as>as, a tree in full <ex>bearing</ex>; a tree past

<ex>bearing</ex>.</as></def>



<q>[His mother] in travail of his <qex>bearing</qex>.</q>

<qau>R. of Gloucester.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of any

member of a building which rests upon its supports; <as>as, a

lintel or beam may have four inches of <ex>bearing</ex> upon the

wall</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The portion of a support on

which anything rests.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>Improperly, the

unsupported span; <as>as, the beam has twenty feet of

<ex>bearing</ex> between its supports</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The part of an

axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the

journal.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The part of the support on which

a journal rests and rotates.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Any single emblem or charge in

an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the

<pluf>pl.</pluf></def>



<q>A carriage covered with armorial <qex>bearings</qex>.</q>

<qau> Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The situation of

a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the

bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the

compass in which an object is seen; <as>as, the <ex>bearing</ex>

of the cape was W. N. W.</as></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf>

<def>The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The line of flotation of a

vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast.</def>



<cs><col>Ball bearings</col>. <cd>See under <er>Ball</er>.</cd>

-- <col>To bring one to his bearings</col>, <cd>to bring one to

his senses.</cd> -- <col>To lose one's bearings</col>, <cd>to

become bewildered.</cd> -- <col>To take bearings</col>, <cd>to

ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain

the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain

one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence

(<mark>Fig.<mark>), to ascertain the condition of things when one

is in trouble or perplexity.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner;

carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency;

influence.</syn>



<hw>Bear"ing cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A cloth with which a

child is covered when carried to be baptized.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bear"ing rein`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A short rein looped

over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; --

called in the United States a <xex>checkrein</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bear"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking of the qualities

of a bear; resembling a bear in temper or manners.</def>



<au>Harris.</au>



<hw>Bear"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Behavior like that of

a bear.</def>



<hw>Bearn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bairn</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bear's"-breech`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>See <er>Acanthus</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The English cow parsnip

(<spn>Heracleum sphondylium</spn>)</def>



<au> Dr. Prior.</au>



<-- p. 129 -->



<hw>Bear's-ear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of primrose (<spn>Primula

auricula</spn>), so called from the shape of the leaf.</def>



<hw>Bear's"-foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of hellebore (<spn>Helleborus

f\'d2tidus</spn>), with digitate leaves. It has an offensive

smell and acrid taste, and is a powerful emetic, cathartic, and

anthelmintic.</def>



<hw>Bear"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The skin of a bear.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for

overcoats.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by

soldiers.</def>



<hw>Bear's"-paw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bivalve shell of the East

Indies (<spn>Hippopus maculatus</spn>), often used as an

ornament.</def>



<hw>Bear"ward`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bear</ets> + <ets>ward</ets> a keeper.]</ety> <def>A

keeper of bears. See <er>Bearherd</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Beast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, OF. <ets>beste</ets>, F.

<ets>b\'88te</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bestia</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects,

etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any four-footed animal, that may be used for

labor, food, or sport; <as>as, a <ex>beast</ex> of

burden</as>.</def>



<q>A righteous man regardeth the life of his

<qex>beast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prov. xii. 10.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>As opposed to <xex>man</xex>: Any irrational

animal.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded

fellow.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A game at cards similar to loo.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Wright.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be

beasted, to be beaten at beast, omber, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Beast royal</col>, <cd>the lion.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beast</er>, <er>Brute</er>.</syn> <usage> When

we use these words in a figurative sense, as applicable to human

beings, we think of <xex>beasts</xex> as mere animals governed by

animal appetite; and of <xex>brutes</xex> as being destitute of

reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion.

Hence we speak of <xex>beastly</xex> appetites;

<xex>beastly</xex> indulgences, etc.; and of <xex>brutal</xex>

manners; <xex>brutal</xex> inhumanity; <xex>brutal</xex>

ferocity. So, also, we say of a drunkard, that he first made

himself a <xex>beast</xex>, and then treated his family like a

<xex>brute</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Beast"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or

nature of a beast.</def>



<hw>Beast"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Biestings</er>.</def>



<hw>Beast"li*head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beastly</ets> + <ets>-head</ets> state.]</ety>

<def>Beastliness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Beast"like"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

beast.</def>



<hw>Beast"li*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality

of being beastly.</def>



<hw>Beast"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Pertaining to, or having the form, nature, or habits of, a

beast.</def>



<q><qex>Beastly</qex> divinities and droves of gods.</q>

<qau> Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterizing the nature of a beast; contrary

to the nature and dignity of man; brutal; filthy.</def>



<q>The <qex>beastly</qex> vice of drinking to excess.</q>

<qau> Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abominable; <as>as, <ex>beastly</ex>

weather</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>



<syn>Syn. -- Bestial; brutish; irrational; sensual;

degrading.</syn>



<hw>Beat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Beat</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Beat</er>, <er>Beaten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Beating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beaten</ets>, <ets>beten</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets>;

akin to Icel. <ets>bauta</ets>, OHG. <ets>b<?/zan</ets>. Cf. 1st

<er>Butt</er>, <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike

repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex>

one's breast; to <ex>beat</ex> iron so as to shape it; to

<ex>beat</ex> grain, in order to force out the seeds; to

<ex>beat</ex> eggs and sugar; to <ex>beat</ex> a drum.</as></def>



<q>Thou shalt <qex>beat</qex> some of it [spices] very small.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxx. 36.</qau>



<q>They did <qex>beat</qex> the gold into thin plates.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxxix. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To punish by blows; to thrash.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied

with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of

rousing game.</def>



<q>To <qex>beat</qex> the woods, and rouse the bounding prey.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To dash against, or strike, as with water or

wind.</def>



<q>A frozen continent . . . <qex>beat</qex> with perpetual

storms.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To tread, as a path.</def>



<q>Pass awful gulfs, and <qex>beat</qex> my painful way.</q>

<qau>Blackmore.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race,

game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass.</def>



<q>He <qex>beat</qex> them in a bloody battle.</q>

<qau> Prescott.</qau>



<q>For loveliness, it would be hard to <qex>beat</qex> that.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; --

often with <xex>out</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To exercise severely; to perplex; to

trouble.</def>



<q>Why should any one . . . <qex>beat</qex> his head about the

Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To give the signal for, by

beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; <as>as, to <ex>beat</ex>

an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to <ex>beat</ex> the

general, the reveille, the tattoo.</as> See <er>Alarm</er>,

<er>Charge</er>, <er>Parley</er>, etc.</def>



<cs><col>To beat down</col>, <cd>to haggle with (any one) to

secure a lower price; to force down.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>

-- <col>To beat into</col>, <cd>to teach or instill, by

repetition.</cd> -- <col>To beat off</col>, <cd>to repel or drive

back.</cd> -- <col>To beat out</col>, <cd>to extend by

hammering.</cd> -- <col>To beat out of</col> a thing, <cd>to

cause to relinquish it, or give it up.</cd>  \'bdNor can anything

<xex>beat<xex> their posterity <xex>out of it<xex> to this

day.\'b8 <au>South</au>. -- <col>To beat the dust</col>.

<fld>(Man.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To take in too little ground

with the fore legs, as a horse.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To perform

curvets too precipitately or too low.</cd> -- <col>To beat the

hoof</col>, <cd>to walk; to go on foot.</cd> -- <col>To beat the

wing</col>, <cd>to flutter; to move with fluttering

agitation.</cd> -- <col>To beat time</col>, <cd>to measure or

regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.</cd> --

<col>To beat up</col>, <cd>to attack suddenly; to alarm or

disturb; as, to <xex>beat up<xex> an enemy's quarters.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump;

baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat;

vanquish; overcome.</syn>



<hw>Beat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike

repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or

loudly.</def>



<q>The men of the city . . . <qex>beat</qex> at the door.</q>

<qau> Judges. xix. 22.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move with pulsation or throbbing.</def>



<q>A thousand hearts <qex>beat</qex> happily.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To come or act with violence; to dash or fall

with force; to strike anything, <as>as, rain, wind, and waves

do</as>.</def>



<q>Sees rolling tempests vainly <qex>beat</qex> below.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>They [winds] <qex>beat</qex> at the crazy casement.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>The sun <qex>beat</qex> upon the head of Jonah, that he

fainted, and wisbed in himself to die.</q>

<qau> Jonah iv. 8.</qau>



<q>Public envy seemeth to <qex>beat</qex> chiefly upon

ministers.</q>

<qau> Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be in agitation or doubt.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>To still my <qex>beating</qex> mind.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>.



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make progress against the

wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To make a sound when struck; <as>as, the drums

beat</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To make a succession of

strokes on a drum; <as>as, the drummers <ex>beat</ex> to call

soldiers to their quarters</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>To sound with more

or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as

to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or

vibrations, not perfectly in unison.</def>



<cs><col>A beating wind</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a wind

which necessitates tacking in order to make progress.</cd> --

<col>To beat about</col>, <cd>to try to find; to search by

various means or ways. <xex>Addison<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To beat

about the bush</col>, <cd>to approach a subject

circuitously.</cd> -- <col>To beat up and down</col>

<fld>(Hunting)</fld>, <cd>to run first one way and then another;

-- said of a stag.</cd> -- <col>To beat up for recruits</col>,

<cd>to go diligently about in order to get helpers or

participators in an enterprise.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

stroke; a blow.</def>



<q>He, with a careless <qex>beat</qex>,

Struck out the mute creation at a heat.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation;

<as>as, a <ex>beat</ex> of the heart; the <ex>beat</ex> of the

pulse.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The rise or fall

of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of

the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the <xex>beat</xex>

is the unit.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A transient grace note,

struck immediately before the one it is intended to

ornament.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>A sudden swelling

or re\'89nforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals,

and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly

different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to

other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced

by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See

<er>Beat</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, 8.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A round or course which is frequently gone over;

<as>as, a watchman's <ex>beat</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A place of habitual or frequent resort.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; --

often emphasized by <xex>dead</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>dead

beat</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<cs><col>Beat of drum</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a succession

of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as

to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters,

to direct an attack, or retreat, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Beat of

a watch</col>, <or/ <col>clock</col></mcol>, <cd>the stroke or

sound made by the action of the escapement.  A clock is <xex>in

beat<xex> or out <xex>of beat<xex>, according as the strokes is

at equal or unequal intervals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beat</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Weary; tired; fatigued;

exhausted.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Quite <qex>beat</qex>, and very much vexed and

disappointed.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Beat"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use.</def> 

\'bdA broad and <xex>beaten</xex> way.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.

\'bd<xex>Beaten</xex> gold.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Vanquished; conquered; baffled.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Exhausted; tired out.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Become common or trite; <as>as, a

<ex>beaten</ex> phrase</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Tried; practiced.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Beat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, beats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who beats up game for the

hunters.</def>



<au>Black.</au>



<hw>Beath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>be<?/ian</ets> to foment.]</ety> <def>To bathe; also, to dry

or heat, as unseasoned wood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be`a*tif"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Be`a*tif"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>b\'82atifique</ets>, L. <ets>beatificus</ets>. See

<er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the power to impart or

complete blissful enjoyment; blissful.</def>  \'bdThe

<xex>beatific</xex> vision.\'b8 <au>South</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Be`a*tif"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be`a*tif"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

beatify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Be*at`i*fi*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>b\'82atification</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of

beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp., in the R. C.

Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a

deceased person is one of \'bdthe blessed,\'b8 or has attained

the second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process

of canonization.</def> \'bdThe <xex>beatification</xex> of his

spirit.\'b8



<au> Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Be*at"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beatified</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Beatifying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[L. <ets>beatificare</ets>; <ets>beatus</ets> happy (fr.

<ets>beare</ets> to bless, akin to <ets>bonus</ets> good) +

<ets>facere</ets> to make: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atifier</ets>. See

<er>Bounty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pronounce or regard

as happy, or supremely blessed, or as conferring happiness.</def>



<q>The common conceits and phrases that <qex>beatify</qex>

wealth.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make happy; to bless with the completion of

celestial enjoyment.</def> \'bd<xex>Beatified</xex> spirits.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>To ascertain and declare,

by a public process and decree, that a deceased person is one of

\'bdthe blessed\'b8 and is to be reverenced as such, though not

canonized.</def>



<hw>Beat"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or

chastisement by blows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pulsation; throbbing; <as>as, the

<ex>beating</ex> of the heart</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Acoustics & Mus.)</fld> <def>Pulsative sounds.

See <er>Beat</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The process of sailing

against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.</def>



<hw>Be*at"i*tude</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>beatitudo</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82atitude</ets>. See

<er>Beatify</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Felicity of the highest

kind; consummate bliss.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any one of the nine declarations (called

<xex>the Beatitudes</xex>), made in the Sermon on the Mount

(<au>Matt. v. 3-12</au>), with regard to the blessedness of those

who are distinguished by certain specified virtues.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatification.</def>



<au>Milman.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.</syn>



<hw>Beau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. F.

<plw>Beaux</plw> (E. pron. <xex>b<?/z</xex>), E. <plw>Beaus</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F., a fop, fr. <ets>beau</ets> fine,

beautiful, fr. L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty, fine, for

<ets>bonulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>bonus</ets> good. See

<er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Belle</er>, <er>Beauty</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A man who takes great care to dress in the

latest fashion; a dandy.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a

lady; an escort; a lover.</def>



<hw>Beau"catch`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

flat curl worn on the temple by women.</def>

<mark>[Humorous]</mark>



<hw>Beau"fet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Buffet</er>.]</ety> <def>A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for

plate, china, glass, etc.; a buffet.</def>



<q>A <qex>beaufet</qex> . . . filled with gold and silver

vessels.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<hw>Beau"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Biffin</er>.</def>



<au> Wright.</au>



<hw>Beau" i*de"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets>

beautiful + <ets>id\'82al</ets> ideal.]</ety> <def>A conception

or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical, formed in the

mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes seen

in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or

model.</def>



<hw>Beau"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Like a beau;

characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine.</def> \'bdA

<xex>beauish</xex> young spark.\'b8



<au>Byrom.</au>



<hw>\'d8Beau` monde"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F. <ets>beau</ets>

fine + <ets>monde</ets> world.]</ety> <def>The fashionable world;

people of fashion and gayety.</def>



<au> Prior.</au>



<hw>Beau"pere`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>beau p\'82re</ets>; <ets>beau</ets> fair +

<ets>p\'82re</ets> father.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

father.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Wyclif.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A companion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>\'d8Beau`se`ant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>beauc\'82ant</ets>.]</ety> <def>The black and white standard

of the Knights Templars.</def>



<hw>Beau"ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of

being a beau; the personality of a beau.</def>

<mark>[Jocular]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Beau"te*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

beauty; beautiful; very handsome.</def>  <mark>[Mostly

poetic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"te*ous*ly</def>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <def>Beau"te*ous*ness</def>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Beau"tied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Beautiful;

embellished.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Beau"ti*fi`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, beautifies or makes beautiful.</def>



<hw>Beau"ti*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

qualities which constitute beauty; pleasing to the sight or the

mind.</def>



<q>A circle is more <qex>beautiful</qex> than a square; a square

is more <qex>beautiful</qex> than a parallelogram.</q>

<qau>Lord Kames.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Handsome; elegant; lovely; fair; charming; graceful;

pretty; delightful.</syn> See <er>Fine</er>.



 -- <wordforms><wf>Beau"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Beau"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beautified</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Beautifying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[<ets>Beauty</ets> + <ets>-fy</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make or

render beautiful; to add beauty to; to adorn; to deck; to grace;

to embellish.</def>



<q>The arts that <qex>beautify</qex> and polish life.</q>

<qau> Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To adorn; grace; ornament; deck; decorate.</syn>



<hw>Beau"ti*fy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become beautiful;

to advance in beauty.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Beau"ti*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of

beauty.</def>



<au> Hammond.</au>



<hw>Beau"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beautie</plw>s <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beaute</ets>, <ets>beute</ets>, OF. <ets>beaut\'82</ets>,

<ets>biaut\'82</ets>, Pr. <ets>beltat</ets>, F.

<ets>beaut\'82</ets>, fr. an assumed LL. <ets>bellitas</ets>,

from L. <ets>bellus</ets> pretty. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing

to the eye, the ear, the intellect, the \'91sthetic faculty, or

the moral sense.</def>



<q><qex>Beauty</qex> consists of a certain composition of color

and figure, causing delight in the beholder.</q>

<qau> Locke.</qau>



<q>The production of <qex>beauty</qex> by a multiplicity of

symmetrical parts uniting in a consistent whole.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>The old definition of <qex>beauty</qex>, in the Roman school,

was, \'bdmultitude in unity;\'b8 and there is no doubt that such

is the principle of <qex>beauty</qex>.</q>

<qau> Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A particular grace, feature, ornament, or

excellence; anything beautiful; <as>as, the <ex>beauties</ex> of

nature</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful

woman.</def>



<q>All the admired <qex>beauties</qex> of Verona.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She stained her hair yellow, which was then the

<qex>beauty</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<cs><col>Beauty spot</col>, <cd>a patch or spot placed on the

face with intent to heighten beauty by contrast.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beaux</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <def><pos>pl.</pos>

of <er>Beau</er>.</def>



<hw>Beaux"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bauxite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bea"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bever</ets>, AS. <ets>beofer</ets>, <ets>befer</ets>; akin

to D. <ets>bever</ets>, OHG. <ets>bibar</ets>, G.

<ets>biber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84fver</ets>, Dan.

<ets>b\'91ver</ets>, Lith. <ets>bebru</ets>, Russ.

<ets>bobr'</ets>, Gael. <ets>beabhar</ets>, Corn.

<ets>befer</ets>, L. <ets>fiber</ets>, and Skr.

<ets>babhrus</ets> large ichneumon; also as an adj.,

<ets>brown</ets>, the animal being probably named from its color.

<?/253. See <er>Brown</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An amphibious rodent, of

the genus <spn>Castor</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ It has palmated hind feet, and a broad, flat tail.

It is remarkable for its ingenuity in constructing its valued for

its fur, and for the material called <xex>castor</xex>, obtained

from two small bags in the groin of the animal. The European

species is <spn>Castor fiber</spn>, and the American is generally

considered a variety of this, although sometimes called

<spn>Castor Canadensis</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fur of the beaver.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver,

but now usually of silk.</def>



<q>A brown <qex>beaver</qex> slouched over his eyes.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used

chiefly for making overcoats.</def>



<cs><col>Beaver rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an aquatic

ratlike quadruped of Tasmania (<spn>Hydromys

chrysogaster</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beaver skin</col>, <cd>the

furry skin of the beaver.</cd> -- <col>Bank beaver</col>. <cd>See

under 1st <er>Bank</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bea"ver</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>baviere</ets>,

<ets>bauier</ets>, <ets>beavoir</ets>, <ets>bever</ets>; fr. F.

<ets>bavi\'8are</ets>, fr. <ets>bave</ets> slaver, drivel, foam,

OF., prattle, drivel, perh. orig. an imitative word.

<ets>Bavi\'8are</ets>, according to Cotgrave, is the bib put

before a (slavering) child.]</ety> <def>That piece of armor which

protected the lower part of the face, whether forming a part of

the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It was so constructed

(with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could raise or lower

it to eat and drink.</def>



<hw>Bea"vered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Covered with,

or wearing, a beaver or hat.</def> \'bdHis <xex>beavered</xex>

brow.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Bea"ver*teen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of

fustian made of coarse twilled cotton, shorn after dyeing.</def>



<au>Simmonds.</au>



<-- p. 130 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*bee"rine</hw>, <or/ <hw>Be*bi"rine</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid

got from the bark of the <xex>bebeeru, or green heart of Guiana

(<spn>Nectandra Rodi\'d2i</spn>). It is a tonic, antiperiodic,

and febrifuge, and is used in medicine as a substitute for

quinine.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibirine</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Be*bleed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

bloody; to stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*blood"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Be*blood"y</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make bloody; to

stain with blood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>Be*blot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To blot; to

stain.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*blub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

swollen and disfigured or sullied by weeping; <as>as, her eyes or

cheeks were <ex>beblubbered</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Be*calm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Becalmed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr.</pos> & <pos>vb</pos>. <pos>n.</pos>

<er>Becalming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To render calm

or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease.</def>



<q>Soft whispering airs . . . <qex>becalm</qex> the mind.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by

the stilling of the wind; <as>as, the fleet was

<ex>becalmed</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Be*came"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of

<er>Become</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bec"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South American bird of the

flycatcher family. (<spn>Tityra inquisetor</spn>).</def>



<hw>Be*cause"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bycause</ets>; <ets>by + cause</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the

reason that.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In order that; that.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And the multitude rebuked them <qex>because</qex> they should

hold their peace.</q>

<qau>Matt. xx. 31.</qau>



<cs><col>Because of</col>, <cd>by reason of, on account of.

<mark>[Prep. phrase.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q><qex>Because of</qex> these things cometh the wrath of God

upon the children of disobedience.</q>

<qau>Eph. v. 6.</qau>



<syn>Syn, -- Because</er>, <er>For</er>, <er>Since</er>,

<er>As</er>, <er>Inasmuch As</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage>

These particles are used, in certain connections, to assign the

<xex>reason</xex> of a thing, or that \'bdon account of\'b8 which

it is or takes place. <xex>Because</xex> (by cause) is the

strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself <xex>because</xex>

I was afraid. <xex>For</xex> is not quite so strong; as, in

Shakespeare, \'bdI hate him, <xex>for</xex> he is a

Christian.\'b8 <xex>Since</xex> is less formal and more

incidental than <xex>because</xex>; as, I will do it

<xex>since</xex> you request me. It more commonly begins a

sentence; as, <xex>Since</xex> your decision is made, I will say

no more. <xex>As</xex> is still more incidental than

<xex>since</xex>, and points to some existing fact by way of

assigning a reason. Thus we say, <xex>as</xex> I knew him to be

out of town, I did not call. <xex>Inasmuch as</xex> seems to

carry with it a kind of <xex>qualification</xex> which does not

belong to the rest. Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your

proposal, <xex>inasmuch as</xex> I believe it is the best you can

offer, we mean, it is only with this understanding that we can

accept it.</ususage>



<hw>\'d8Bec`ca*bun"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

(cf. It. <ets>beccabunga</ets>, G. <ets>bachbunge</ets>), fr. G.

<ets>bach</ets> brook + <ets>bunge</ets>, OHG. <ets>bungo</ets>,

bulb. See <er>Beck</er> a brook.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Brooklime</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bec`ca*fi"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beccaficos</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[It., fr.

<ets>beccare</ets> to peck + <ets>fico</ets> fig.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small bird. (<spn>Silvia

hortensis</spn>), which is highly prized by the Italians for the

delicacy of its flesh in the autumn, when it has fed on figs,

grapes, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bach"a*mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82chamel</ets>, named from its inventor, Louis de

<ets>B\'82chamel</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A rich,

white sauce, prepared with butter and cream.</def>



<hw>Be*chance"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> for <ets>by + chance</ets>.]</ety> <def>By chance;

by accident.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Grafton.</au>



<hw>Be*chance"</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To befall; to

chance; to happen to.</def>



<q>God knows what hath <qex>bechanced</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*charm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To charm;

to captivate.</def>



<hw>\'d8B\'88che` de mer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., lit., a

sea spade.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trepang.</def>



<hw>Be"chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, a. <ety>[L. <ets>bechicus</ets>,

adj., for a cough, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> cough:

cf. F. <ets>b\'82chique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or relieving, a cough.</def> <au>Thomas</au>.

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A medicine for relieving

coughs.</def></def2>



<au>Quincy.</au>



<hw>Beck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Beak</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Beck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bek</ets>, AS.

<ets>becc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bekkr</ets> brook, OHG.

<ets>pah</ets>, G. <ets>bach</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small

brook.</def>



<q>The brooks, the <qex>becks</qex>, the rills.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Beck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vat. See <er>Back</er>.</def>



<hw>Beck</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Becked</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n</pos>. <er>Becking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Contr</ets>.

<ets>of beckon</ets>.]</ety> <def>To nod, or make a sign with the

head or hand.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Beck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To notify or call by a nod,

or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>When gold and silver <qex>becks</qex> me to come on.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Beck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A significant nod, or motion of

the head or hand, esp. as a call or command.</def>



<q>They have troops of soldiers at their <qex>beck</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Beck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish (<spn>Pagellus

centrodontus</spn>); the sea bream or braise.</def>



<hw>Beck"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>bek</ets> beak, and E. <ets>beak</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small grommet, or a ring or

loop of rope <?/ metal for holding things in position, as spars,

ropes, etc.; also a bracket, a pocket, or a handle made of

rope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spade for digging turf.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beckoned</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beckoning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a significant sign

to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand.</def>



<q>His distant friends, he <qex>beckons</qex> near.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>It <qex>beckons</qex> you to go away with it.</q>

<au>Shak</au>.



<hw>Beck"on</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sign made without words; a

beck.</def> \'bdAt the first <xex>beckon</xex>.\'b8



<au>Bolingbroke.</au>



<hw>Be*clap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biclappen</ets>.]</ety> <def>To catch; to grasp; to

insnare.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*clip"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beclipped</er>

(<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beclyppan</ets>; pref.

<ets>be</ets> + <ets>clyppan</ets> to embrace.]</ety> <def>To

embrace; to surround.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Be*cloud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beclouded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Beclouding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud.</def>



<q>If thou <qex>becloud</qex> the sunshine of thine eye.</q>

<qau>Quarles.</qau>



<hw>Be*come"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Became</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Become</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Becoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bicumen</ets>,

<ets>becumen</ets>, AS. <ets>becuman</ets> to come to, to happen;

akin to D. <ets>bekomen</ets>, OHG.a <ets>piqu\'89man</ets>,

Goth. <ets>biquiman</ets> to come upon, G. <ets>bekommen</ets> to

get, suit. See <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Come</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To pass from one state to another; to enter into

some state or condition, by a change from another state, or by

assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional

matter, or a new character.</def>



<q>The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of

life; and man <qex>became</qex> a living soul.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 7.</qau>



<q>That error now which is <qex>become</qex> my crime.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To come; to get.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>But, madam, where is Warwick then <qex>become</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To become of</col>, <cd>to be the present state or place

of; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or

subsequent condition of.</cd></cs>



<q>What is then <qex>become of</qex> so huge a multitude?</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<hw>Be*come"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To suit or be suitable

to; to be congruous with; to befit; to accord with, in character

or circumstances; to be worthy of, or proper for; to cause to

appear well; -- said of persons and things.</def>



<q>It <qex>becomes</qex> me so to speak of so excellent a

poet.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<q>I have known persons so anxious to have their dress

<qex>become</qex> them, as to convert it, at length, into their

proper self, and thus actually to <qex>become</qex> the

dress.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Be*com"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Proper;

decorous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And gave him what <qex>becomed</qex> love I might.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Appropriate or fit;

congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting.</def>



<q>A low and <qex>becoming</qex> tone.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<note>Formerly sometimes followed by <xex>of</xex>.</note>



<q>Such discourses as are <qex>becoming</qex> of them.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper.</syn>



<hw>Be*com"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is becoming or

appropriate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*com"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a becoming

manner.</def>



<hw>Be*com"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity; fitness.</def>



<q>The <qex>becomingness</qex> of human nature.</q>

<qau>Grew.</qau>



<hw>Be*crip"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

a cripple of; to cripple; to lame.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>\'d8Be*cu"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the

Mediterranean (<spn>Sphyr\'91na spet</spn>). See

<er>Barracuda</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*curl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To curl; to

adorn with curls.</def>



<hw>Bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedd</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bed</ets>, D.

<ets>bed</ets>, <ets>bedde</ets>, Icel. <ets>be<?/r</ets>, Dan.

<ets>bed</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84dd</ets>, Goth. <ets>badi</ets>,

OHG. <ets>betti</ets>, G. <ets>bett</ets>, <ets>bette</ets>, bed,

<ets>beet</ets> a plat of ground; all of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in

or on; a couch. Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with

some soft material, in distinction from the bedstead on which it

is placed (as, a feather <xex>bed</xex>), or this with the

bedclothes added. In a general sense, any thing or place used for

sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity of hay, straw,

leaves, or twigs.</def>



<q>And made for him [a horse] a leafy <qex>bed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the <qex>beds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>In <qex>bed</qex> he slept not for my urging it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>(Used as the symbol of matrimony)

Marriage.</def>



<q>George, the eldest son of his second <qex>bed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A plat or level piece of ground in a garden,

usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.</def>

\'bd<xex>Beds</xex> of hyacinth and roses.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed;

<as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of ashes or coals</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of

water; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of a river</as>.</def>



<q>So sinks the daystar in the ocean <qex>bed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A layer or seam, or a

horizontal stratum between layers; <as>as, a <ex>bed</ex> of

coal, iron, etc.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>See <er>Gun carriage</er>, and

<er>Mortar bed</er>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The horizontal

surface of a building stone; <as>as, the upper and lower

<ex>beds</ex></as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A course of stone or

brick in a wall.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The place or material in

which a block or brick is laid.</def> <sd>(d)</sd> <def>The lower

surface of a brick, slate, or tile.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>The foundation or the more

solid and fixed part or framing of a machine; or a part on which

something is laid or supported; <as>as, the <ex>bed</ex> of an

engine</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a

railroad.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Printing)</fld> <def>The flat part of the

press, on which the form is laid.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bed</xex> is much used adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>bed</xex> key or bedkey; <xex>bed</xex>

wrench or <xex>bed</xex>wrench; <xex>bed</xex>chamber;

<xex>bed</xex>maker, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Bed of justice</col> <fld>(French Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the

throne (F. <xex>lit<xex> bed) occupied by the king when sitting

in one of his parliaments (judicial courts); hence, a session of

a refractory parliament, at which the king was present for the

purpose of causing his decrees to be registered.</cd> -- <col>To

be brought to bed</col>, <cd>to be delivered of a child; -- often

followed by <xex>of<xex>; as, to be <xex>brought to bed of<xex> a

son.</cd> -- <col>To make a bed</col>, <cd>to prepare a bed; to

arrange or put in order a bed and its bedding.</cd> -- <col>From

bed and board</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a phrase applied to a

separation by partial divorce of man and wife, without dissolving

the bonds of matrimony. If such a divorce (now commonly called a

<xex>judicial separation<xex>) be granted at the instance of the

wife, she may have alimony.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bedded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bedding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To place in a

bed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit

with.</def>



<q>I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never <qex>bed</qex> her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To furnish with a bed or bedding.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover,

as in a bed of soft earth; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> the roots of a

plant in mold</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of

rest and security, surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish

with or place upon a bed or foundation; <as>as, to <ex>bed</ex> a

stone; it was <ex>bedded</ex> on a rock.</as></def>



<q>Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies

of still water are <qex>bedded</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress or prepare the

surface of stone) so as to serve as a bed.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a

horizontal or recumbent position.</def> \'bd<xex>Bedded</xex>

hair.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go to bed; to

cohabit.</def>



<q>If he be married, and <qex>bed</qex> with his wife.</q>

<qau>Wiseman.</qau>



<hw>Be*dab*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedabbled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedabbling</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To dabble; to sprinkle or

wet.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*daff"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a

daff or fool of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bed"a*gat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

sacred books of the Buddhists in Burmah.</def>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Be*dag"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

daggle.</def>



<hw>Be*dash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedashed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedashing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To wet by dashing or throwing water or other liquid upon; to

bespatter.</def> \'bdTrees <xex>bedashed</xex> with rain.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*daub"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedaubed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedaubing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To daub over; to besmear or soil with anything thick and

dirty.</def>



<q><qex>Bedaub</qex> foul designs with a fair varnish.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Be*daz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedazzled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedazzling</er>

(<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To dazzle or make dim by a strong

light.</def> \'bd<xex>Bedazzled</xex> with the sun.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bed"bug`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wingless, bloodsucking, hemipterous

insect (<spn>Cimex Lectularius</spn>), sometimes infesting houses

and especially beds.  See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>Bed"chair`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chair with

adjustable back, for the sick, to support them while sitting up

in bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"cham`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A chamber

for a bed; an apartment form sleeping in.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Lords of the bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight officers of the

royal household, all of noble families, who wait in turn a week

each.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Ladies of the

bedchamber</col>, <cd>eight ladies, all titled, holding a similar

official position in the royal household, during the reign of a

queen. <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Bed"clothes`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bed"cord`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cord or

rope interwoven in a bedstead so as to support the bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"ded</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Provided with a

bed; <as>as, double-<ex>bedded</ex> room</as>; placed or arranged

in a bed or beds.</def>



<hw>Bed"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bedding</ets>, <ets>beding</ets>. See <er>Bed</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed,

whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>The state or position of beds

and layers.</def>



<hw>Bede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bid</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To pray; also, to

offer; to proffer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. of Gloucester. Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bede</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A kind of

pickax.</def>



<hw>Be*deck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedecked</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedecking</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.</def>



<q><qex>Bedecked</qex> with boughs, flowers, and garlands.</q>

<qau>Pennant.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bed"e*guar</hw>, <hw>Bed"e*gar</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. Per.

<ets>b\'bed-\'beward</ets>, or <ets>b\'bed-\'bewardag</ets>,

prop., a kind of white thorn or thistle.]</ety> <def>A gall

produced on rosebushes, esp. on the sweetbrier or eglantine, by a

puncture from the ovipositor of a gallfly (<spn>Rhodites

ros\'91</spn>). It was once supposed to have medicinal

properties.</def>



<hw>Bede"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>n.</pos>Same as

<er>Beadhouse</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be"del</hw>, <hw>Be"dell</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>n.</pos>Same as <er>Beadle</er>.</def>



<hw>Be"del*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Beadleship.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bed"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Abyssinian or Arabian ibex

(<spn>Capra Nubiana</spn>). It is probably the wild goat of the

Bible.</def>



<hw>Bedes"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Beadsman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*dev"il</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedevilled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedeviling</er> or

<er>Bedevilling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To throw into

utter disorder and confusion, as if by the agency of evil

spirits; to bring under diabolical influence; to torment.</def>



<q><qex>Bedeviled</qex> and used worse than St. Bartholomew.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spoil; to corrupt.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Be*dev"il*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being bedeviled; bewildering confusion; vexatious

trouble.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Be*dew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedewed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedewing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To moisten with dew, or as with dew.</def> \'bdFalling tears

his face <xex>bedew</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Be*dew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, bedews.</def>



<hw>Be*dew"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moist with

dew; dewy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Night with her <qex>bedewy</qex> wings.</q>

<qau>A. Brewer.</qau>



<hw>Bed"fel`low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

lies with another in the same bed; a person who shares one's

couch.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bed"fere`  Bed"phere`</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + AS. <ets>fera</ets> a

companion.]</ety> <def>A bedfellow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Chapman.</au>



<hw>Bed"gown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

nightgown.</def>



<hw>Be*dight"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Bedight</er>,

<er>Bedighted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bedeck; to array or

equip; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*dim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedimmed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedimming</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To make dim; to obscure or darken.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*diz"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dress

or adorn tawdrily or with false taste.</def>



<q>Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures

with which he had <qex>bedizened</qex> his tatters.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Be*diz"en*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which bedizens; the act of dressing, or the state of being

dressed, tawdrily.</def>



<hw>Bed"key`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An instrument

for tightening the parts of a bedstead.</def>



<hw>Bed"lam</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bethlehem</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A place appropriated

to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse.</def>



<au>Abp. Tillotson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An insane person; a lunatic; a madman.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let's get the <qex>bedlam</qex> to lead him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any place where uproar and confusion

prevail.</def>



<hw>Bed"lam</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging to, or fit for, a

madhouse.</def> \'bdThe <xex>bedlam</xex>, brainsick duchess.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bed"lam*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman.</def> \'bdRaving

<xex>bedlamites</xex>.\'b8



<au>Beattie.</au>



<hw>Bed"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes beds.</def>



<-- p. 131 -->



<mhw>{ <hw>Bed"-mold`ing</hw>  <hw>Bed"-mould`ing}</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The molding

of a cornice immediately below the corona.</def>



<au> Oxf. Gloss.</au>



<hw>Be*dote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to

dote; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82douin</ets>, OF. <ets>b\'82duin</ets>, fr. Ar.

<ets>bedaw\'c6</ets> rural, living in the desert, fr.

<ets>badw</ets> desert, fr. <ets>bad\'be</ets> to live in the

desert, to lead a nomadic life.]</ety> <def>One of the nomadic

Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria,

and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bed"ou*in*ism</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bed"ou*in</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to the

Bedouins; nomad.</def>



<hw>Bed"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

pan for warming beds.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it

can be used by a sick person in bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"phere`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bedfere</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bed"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bed"plate`</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The

foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are

supported and held in place; the bed; -- called also

<altname>baseplate</altname> and

<altname>soleplate</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bed"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the

canopy over a bedstead.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed

to keep the clothes from falling off.  See

<er>Bedstaff</er>.</def>



<au> Brewer.</au>



<hw>Bed"quilt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quilt for

a bed; a coverlet.</def>



<hw>Be*drab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

befoul with rain and mud; to drabble.</def>



<hw>Be*drag"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedraggled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedraggling</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To draggle; to soil, as

garments which, in walking, are suffered to drag in dust, mud,

etc.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Be*drench"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedrenched</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedrenching</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*drib"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

dribble upon.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bed"rid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bed"rid`den</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bedrede</ets>,

AS. <ets>bedreda</ets>, <ets>bedrida</ets>; from <ets>bed</ets>,

<ets>bedd</ets>, a bed or couch + <ets>ridda</ets> a rider; cf.

OHG. <ets>pettiriso</ets>, G. <ets>bettrise</ets>. See

<er>Bed</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and <er>Ride</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

]</ety> <def>Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity.</def>

\'bdHer decrepit, sick, and <xex>bedrid</xex> father.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>.  \'bdThe estate of a <xex>bedridden</xex> old

gentleman.\'b8 <au>Macaulay</au>.



<mhw>{ <hw>Bed"right`  Bed"rite`</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>right</ets>,

<ets>rite</ets>.]</ety> <def>The duty or privilege of the

marriage bed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*driz"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

drizzle upon.</def>



<hw>Bed" rock"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The

solid rock underlying superficial formations.  Also

<mark>Fig.</mark></def>



<hw>Bed"room</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging

room.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Room in a bed.</def> <note>[In this sense

preferably <asp>bed room</asp>.]</note>



<q>Then by your side no <qex>bed room</qex> me deny.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*drop"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

sprinkle, as with drops.</def>



<q>The yellow carp, in scales <qex>bedropped</qex> with gold.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Be*drug"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drug

abundantly or excessively.</def>



<hw>Bed" screw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and assisting in

launching.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost

to one of the adjacent side pieces.</def>



<hw>Bed"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The side of a

bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"site`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A recess in a

room for a bed.</def>



<q>Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of

fair size, with windows and <qex>bedsite</qex> well placed.</q>

<qau>Quart. Rev.</qau>



<hw>Bed"sore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time

in bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"spread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bedquilt;

a counterpane; a coverlet.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Bed"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bedstaves</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>\'bdA wooden pin

stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to hold the clothes

from slipping on either side.\'b8</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<q>Hostess, accommodate us with a <qex>bedstaff</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Say there is no virtue in cudgels and

<qex>bedstaves</qex>.</q>

<qau>Brome.</qau>



<hw>Bed"stead</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bed</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a frame.]</ety> <def>A

framework for supporting a bed.</def>



<hw>Bed" steps`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Steps for mounting a bed

of unusual height.</def>



<hw>Bed"stock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The front or

the back part of the frame of a bedstead.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Dial. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bed"straw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Straw put into a bed.</def>



<au> Bacon.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of slender herbs,

usually with square stems, whorled leaves, and small white

flowers.</def>



<cs><col>Our Lady's bedstraw</col>, <cd>which has yellow flowers,

is <spn>Galium verum</spn>.</cd> -- <col>White bedstraw</col>

<cd>is <spn>G. mollugo</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bed"swerv`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bed"tick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tick or bag

made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials of a bed.</def>



<hw>Bed"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The time to

go to bed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*duck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beducked</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To duck; to put the head under

water; to immerse.</def> \'bdDeep himself

<xex>beducked</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bed"uin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bedouin</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*dung"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedunged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover with dung, as for

manuring; to bedaub or defile, literally or figuratively.</def>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Be*dust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Bed"ward</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Towards

bed.</def>



<hw>Be*dwarf"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedwarfed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a dwarf of; to stunt or

hinder the growth of; to dwarf.</def>



<au>Donne.</au>



<hw>Be*dye"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bedyed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bedyeing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To dye or stain.</def>



<q>Briton fields with Sarazin blood <qex>bedyed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Bee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Be</er>;

-- used for <xex>been</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>be\'a2</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bij</ets> and <ets>bije</ets>,

Icel. <ets>b<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bi</ets>, OHG.

<ets>pini</ets>, G. <ets>biene</ets>, and perh. Ir.

<ets>beach</ets>, Lith. <ets>bitis</ets>, Skr. <ets>bha</ets>.

<root/97.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect

of the order <spn>Hymenoptera</spn>, and family

<spn>Apid\'91</spn> (the honeybees), or family

<spn>Andrenid\'91</spn> (the solitary bees.) See

<er>Honeybee</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ There are many genera and species. The common

honeybee (<spn>Apis mellifica</spn>) lives in swarms, each of

which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very

numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the <spn>A.

mellifica</spn> there are other species and varieties of

honeybees, as the <spn>A. ligustica</spn> of Spain and Italy; the

<spn>A. Indica</spn> of India; the <spn>A. fasciata</spn> of

Egypt. The <xex>bumblebee</xex> is a species of

<spn>Bombus</spn>. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to

<spn>Melipoma</spn> and <spn>Trigona</spn>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A neighborly gathering of people who engage in

united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; <as>as,

a quilting <ex>bee</ex>; a husking <ex>bee</ex>; a raising

<ex>bee</ex>.</as></def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<q>The cellar . . . was dug by a <qex>bee</qex> in a single

day.</q>

<qau> S. G. Goodrich.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <ety>[Prob. fr. AS. <ets>be\'a0h</ets>

ring, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets> to bend. See 1st

<er>Bow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Pieces of hard wood

bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast

stays through; -- called also <altname>bee

blocks</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Bee beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beetle

(<spn>Trichodes apiarius</spn>) parasitic in beehives.</cd> --

<col>Bee bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird that eats

the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American

kingbird.</cd> -- <col>Bee flower</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an

orchidaceous plant of the genus <spn>Ophrys</spn> (<spn>O.

apifera</spn>), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees,

flies, and other insects.</cd> -- <col>Bee fly</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a two winged fly of the family

<spn>Bombyliid\'91</spn>. Some species, in the larval state, are

parasitic upon bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee garden</col>, <cd>a garden

or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary.</cd>

<au>Mortimer</au>. -- <col>Bee glue</col>, <cd>a soft, unctuous

matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close

up the cells; -- called also <altname>propolis</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Bee hawk</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the honey

buzzard.</cd> -- <col>Bee killer</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a large two-winged fly of the family <spn>Asilid\'91</spn>

(esp. <spn>Trupanea apivora</spn>) which feeds upon the honeybee.

See <er>Robber fly</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bee louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a minute, wingless, dipterous insect

(<spn>Braula c\'91ca</spn>) parasitic on hive bees.</cd> --

<col>Bee martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the kingbird

(<spn>Tyrannus Carolinensis</spn>) which occasionally feeds on

bees.</cd> -- <col>Bee moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

moth (<spn>Galleria cereana</spn>) whose larv\'91 feed on

honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives.</cd> -- <col>Bee

wolf</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of the bee

beetle. See Illust. of <cref>Bee beetle</cref>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To have a bee in the head</col> <or/ <col>in the

bonnet</col></mcol>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be choleric.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To be restless or

uneasy.</cd> <au>B. Jonson</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To be full of

fancies; to be a little crazy.</cd> \'bdShe's whiles

crack-brained, and <xex>has a bee in her head<xex>.\'b8 <au>Sir

W. Scott</au>.</cs>



<hw>Bee"bread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brown,

bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is

made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by

bees as food for their young.</def>



<hw>Beech</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beeches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beche</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/ce</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>beuk</ets>, OHG. <ets>buocha</ets>, G. <ets>buche</ets>,

Icel. <ets>beyki</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'94g</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bok</ets>, Russ. <ets>buk</ets>, L. <ets>fagus</ets>, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> oak, <ets><?/</ets> to eat, Skr.

<ets>bhaksh</ets>; the tree being named originally from the

esculent fruit. See <er>Book</er>, and cf. 7th <er>Buck</er>,

<er>Buckwheat</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree of the

genus <spn>Fagus</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ It grows to a large size, having a smooth bark and

thick foliage, and bears an edible triangular nut, of which swine

are fond. The <spn>Fagus sylvatica</spn> is the European species,

and the <spn>F. ferruginea</spn> that of America.</note>



<cs><col>Beech drops</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a parasitic

plant which grows on the roots of beeches (<spn>Epiphegus

Americana</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech marten</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the stone marten of Europe

(<spn>Mustela foina</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Beech mast</col>,

<cd>the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in

autumn.</cd> -- <col>Beech oil</col>, <cd>oil expressed from the

mast or nuts of the beech tree.</cd> -- <col>Cooper beech</col>,

<cd>a variety of the European beech with copper-colored, shining

leaves.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beech"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/cen</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting, or made, of the wood

or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech.</def> \'bdPlain

<xex>beechen</xex> vessels.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Beech"nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The nut of

the beech tree.</def>



<hw>Beech" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The beech.</def>



<hw>Beech"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating

to beeches.</def>



<hw>Bee"-eat`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A bird of the genus

<spn>Merops</spn>, that feeds on bees. The European species

(<spn>M. apiaster</spn>) is remarkable for its brilliant

colors.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An African bird of the genus

<spn>Rhinopomastes</spn>.</def>



<hw>Beef</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boef</ets>, <ets>befe</ets>, <ets>beef</ets>, OF.

<ets>boef</ets>, <ets>buef</ets>, F. <ets>b<?/ef</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

Skr. <ets>g<?/</ets> cow, and E. <ets>cow</ets>. See 2d

<er>Cow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An animal of the genus

<spn>Bos</spn>, especially the common species, <spn>B.

taurus</spn>, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full

grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food.</def> 

<note>[In this, which is the original sense, the word has a

plural, <xex>beeves</xex> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</note>



<q>A herd of <qex>beeves</qex>, fair oxen and fair kine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult

bovine animal, when slaughtered for food.</def>  <note>[In this

sense, the word has no plural.]</note> \'bdGreat meals of

<xex>beef</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Applied colloquially to human flesh.</def>



<hw>Beef</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, pertaining to,

or resembling, beef.</def>



<cs><col>Beef tea</col>, <cd>essence of beef, or strong beef

broth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Beef"eat`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beef</ets> + <ets>eater</ets>; prob. one who eats

another's <ets>beef</ets>, as his servant. Cf. AS.

<ets>hl\'bef<?/ta</ets> servant, properly a loaf eater.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy

person.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the yeomen of the guard, in

England.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An African bird of the

genus <xex>Buphaga</xex>, which feeds on the larv\'91 of botflies

hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two species are

known.</def>



<hw>Beef"steak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A steak of

beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for broiling.</def>



<hw>Beef"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Stupid;

dull.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Beef"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

Australian tree (<spn>Casuarina</spn>), and its red wood, used

for cabinetwork; also, the trees <spn>Stenocarpus salignus</spn>

of New South Wales, and <spn>Banksia compar</spn> of

Queensland.</def>



<hw>Beef"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having much beef; of the

nature of beef; resembling beef; fleshy.</def>



<hw>Bee"hive`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hive for a

swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.</def>



<note><hand/ A common and typical form of <xex>beehive</xex> was

a domeshaped inverted basket, whence certain ancient Irish and

Scotch architectural remains are called <xex>beehive

houses</xex>.</note>



<hw>Bee"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house for

bees; an apiary.</def>



<hw>Bee" lark`spur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See

<er>Larkspur</er>.</def>



<hw>Beeld</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Beild</er>.</def>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Bee" line`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The shortest line from one

place to another, like that of a bee to its hive when loaded with

honey; an air line.</def> \'bdA <xex>bee line</xex> for the

brig.\'b8



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Be*el"ze*bub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The title

of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of

the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See

<er>Baal</er>.</def>



<hw>Beem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/me</ets>, <ets>b<?/me</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

trumpet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bee"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps bees.</def>



<hw>Been</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE. <ets>beon</ets>,

<ets>ben</ets>, <ets>bin</ets>, p. p. of <ets>been</ets>,

<ets>beon</ets>, to be. See <er>Be</er>.]</ety> <def>The past

participle of <er>Be</er>. In old authors it is also the pr.

tense plural of <er>Be</er>. See 1st <er>Bee</er>.</def>



<q>Assembled <qex>been</qex> a senate grave and stout.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<hw>Beer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beor</ets>, <ets>ber</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2r</ets>; akin to

Fries. <ets>biar</ets>, Icel. <ets>bj<?/rr</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bior</ets>, D. & G. <ets>bier</ets>, and possibly E.

<ets>brew</ets>. \'fb93, See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly

from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a

bitter flavor.</def>



<note><hand/ Beer has different names, as <xex>small beer</xex>,

<xex>ale</xex>, <xex>porter</xex>, <xex>brown stout</xex>,

<xex>lager beer</xex>, according to its strength, or other

qualities. See <er>Ale</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fermented extract of the roots and other parts

of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Small beer</col>, <cd>weak beer; (<xex>fig<xex>.)

insignificant matters. \'bdTo suckle fools, and chronicle

<xex>small beer<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Beer"e*gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beer</ets> + <ets>eager</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sour

beer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Beer"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house

where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse.</def>



<hw>Beer"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Beery

condition.</def>



<hw>Beer"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or resembling

beer; affected by beer; maudlin.</def>



<hw>Beest"ings</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Biestings</er>.</def>



<hw>Bees"wax`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wax

secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed.</def>



<hw>Bees"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The second

crust formed in port and some other wines after long keeping. It

consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to resemble

the wing of a bee.</def>



<hw>Beet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bete</ets>, from L. <ets>beta</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A biennial plant of the genus

<spn>Beta</spn>, which produces an edible root the first year and

seed the second year.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The root of plants of the genus <xex>Beta</xex>,

different species and varieties of which are used for the table,

for feeding stock, or in making sugar.</def>



<note><hand/ There are many varieties of the common beet

(<spn>Beta vulgaris</spn>). The Old \'bdwhite beet\'b8,

cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species

(<spn>Beta Cicla</spn>).</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Beete</hw>, <hw>Bete</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>b<?/tan</ets> to mend. See

<er>Better</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mend; to

repair.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To renew or enkindle (a fire).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>betel</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tl</ets>, <ets>b<?/tl</ets>,

mallet, hammer, fr. <ets>be\'a0tan</ets> to beat. See

<er>Beat</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A heavy

mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a

hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills;

-- called also <altname>beetling machine</altname>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<-- p. 132 -->



<hw>Bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beetled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beetling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To beat with a

heavy mallet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To finish by subjecting to a hammering process

in a beetle or beetling machine; <as>as, to <ex>beetle</ex>

cotton goods</as>.</def>



<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bityl</ets>,

<ets>bittle</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/tel</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/tan</ets>

to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Any

insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair

being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded

up. See <er>Coleoptera</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Beetle mite</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of many

species of mites, of the family <spn>Oribatid\'91</spn>,

parasitic on beetles.</cd> -- <col>Black beetle</col>, <cd>the

common large black cockroach (<spn>Blatta

orientalis</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Bee"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Beetlebrowed</er>.]</ety> <def>To extend over and beyond the

base or support; to overhang; to jut.</def>



<q>To the dreadful summit of the cliff

That <qex>beetles</qex> o'er his base into the sea.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Each <qex>beetling</qex> rampart, and each tower sublime.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Bee"tle brow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An overhanging

brow.</def>



<hw>Bee"tle-browed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, a. <ety>[OE.

<ets>bitelbrowed</ets>; cf. OE. <ets>bitel</ets>, adj., sharp,

projecting, n., a beetle. See <er>Beetle</er> an insect.]</ety>

<def>Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or

sullen.</def>



<note><hand/ The earlier meaning was, \'bdHaving bushy or

overhanging eyebrows.\'b8</note>



<hw>Bee"tle*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beetle</ets> a mallet + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A stupid fellow; a blockhead.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-bellied plover,

or bullhead (<spn>Squatarola helvetica</spn>). See

<er>Plover</er>.</def>



<hw>Bee"tle-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dull;

stupid.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bee"tle*stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

handle of a beetle.</def>



<hw>Beet" rad`ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Same as

<er>Beetrave</er>.</def>



<hw>Beet"rave`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>betterave</ets>; <ets>bette</ets> beet + <ets>rave</ets>

radish.]</ety> <def>The common beet (<spn>Beta

vulgaris</spn>).</def>



<hw>Beeve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Formed from

<ets>beeves</ets>, pl. of <ets>beef</ets>.]</ety> <def>A beef; a

beef creature.</def>



<q>They would knock down the first <qex>beeve</qex> they met

with.</q>

<qau> W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Beeves</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>; plural of

<er>Beef</er>, the animal.</def>



<hw>Be*fall"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Befell</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Befallen</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Befalling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>befeallan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>feallan</ets>

to fall.]</ety> <def>To happen to.</def>



<q>I beseech your grace that I may know

The worst that may <qex>befall</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*fall"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come to pass; to

happen.</def>



<q>I have revealed . . . the discord which <qex>befell</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*fit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befitted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Befitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be

suitable to; to suit; to become.</def>



<q>That name best <qex>befits</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*fit"ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Suitable; proper;

becoming; fitting.</def>



<hw>Be*fit"ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a befitting

manner; suitably.</def>



<hw>Be*flat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

flatter excessively.</def>



<hw>Be*flow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers.</def>



<au>Hobbes.</au>



<hw>Be*fog"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befogged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Befogging</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To involve in a fog;

-- mostly as a participle or part. adj.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To confuse; to mystify.</def>



<hw>Be*fool"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befooled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Befooling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>befolen</ets>;

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>fol</ets> fool.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to

deceive.</def>



<q>This story . . . contrived to <qex>befool</qex> credulous

men.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to behave like a fool; to make

foolish.</def> \'bdSome <xex>befooling</xex> drug.\'b8



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Be*fore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beforen</ets>, <ets>biforen</ets>, <ets>before</ets>, AS.

<ets>beforan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>foran</ets>,

<ets>fore</ets>, before. See <er>Be-</er>, and

<er>Fore</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In front of; preceding in

space; ahead of; <as>as, to stand <ex>before</ex> the fire;

<ex>before</ex> the house.</as></def>



<q>His angel, who shall go

<qex>Before</qex> them in a cloud and pillar of fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to;

anterior to the time when; -- sometimes with the additional idea

of purpose; in order that.</def>



<q><qex>Before</qex> Abraham was, I am.</q>

<qau>John viii. 58.</qau>



<q><qex>Before</qex> this treatise can become of use, two points

are necessary.</q>

<qau> Swift.</qau>



<note><hand/ Formerly <xex>before</xex>, in this sense, was

followed by <xex>that</xex>. \'bd<xex>Before that</xex> Philip

called thee . . . I saw thee.\'b8</note>



<au> John i. 48.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An advance of; farther onward, in place or

time.</def>



<q>The golden age . . . is <qex>before</qex> us.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank,

right, or worth; rather than.</def>



<q>He that cometh after me is preferred <qex>before</qex> me.</q>

<qau>John i. 15.</qau>



<q>The eldest son is <qex>before</qex> the younger in

succession.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In presence or sight of; face to face with;

facing.</def>



<q>Abraham bowed down himself <qex>before</qex> the people.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxiii. 12.</qau>



<q>Wherewith shall I come <qex>before</qex> the Lord?</q>

<qau>Micah vi. 6.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of.</def>



<q>If a suit be begun <qex>before</qex> an archdeacon.</q>

<qau>Ayliffe.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Open for; free of access to; in the power

of.</def>



<q>The world was all <qex>before</qex> them where to choose.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Before the mast</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>as a

common sailor, -- because the sailors live in the forecastle,

forward of the foremast.</cd> -- <col>Before the wind</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>in the direction of the wind and by its

impulse; having the wind aft.</cd></cs>



<hw>Be*fore"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On the fore

part; in front, or in the direction of the front; -- opposed to

<xex>in the rear</xex>.</def>



<q>The battle was <qex>before</qex> and behind.</q>

<qau>2 Chron. xiii. 14.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In advance.</def> \'bdI come <xex>befor</xex>e

to tell you.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In time past; previously; already.</def>



<q>You tell me, mother, what I knew <qex>before</qex>.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Earlier; sooner than; until then.</def>



<q>When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop

<qex>before</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Before</xex> is often used in self-explaining

compounds; as, <xex>before</xex>-cited,

<xex>before</xex>-mentioned; <xex>before</xex>said.</note>



<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Before</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in

advance; -- often followed by <xex>with</xex>.</def>



<q>Agricola . . . resolves to be <qex>beforehand</qex> with the

danger.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The last cited author has been <qex>beforehand</qex> with

me.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By way of preparation, or preliminary;

previously; aforetime.</def>



<q>They may be taught <qex>beforehand</qex> the skill of

speaking.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<hw>Be*fore"hand`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In comfortable

circumstances as regards property; forehanded.</def>



<q>Rich and much <qex>beforehand</qex>.</q>

<qau> Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Be*fore"time`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Formerly; aforetime.</def>



<q>[They] dwelt in their tents, as <qex>beforetime</qex>.</q>

<qau> 2 Kings xiii. 5.</qau>



<hw>Be*for"tune</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

befall.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>I wish all good <qex>befortune</qex> you.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*foul"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befouled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Befouling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>bef<?/lan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>f<?/lan</ets>

to foul. See <er>Foul</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make foul; to soil.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To entangle or run against so as to impede

motion.</def>



<hw>Be*friend"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befriended</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Befriending</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To act

as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance.</def>



<q>By the darkness <qex>befriended</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Be*friend"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

befriending.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Be*frill"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish

or deck with a frill.</def>



<hw>Be*fringe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as with

fringe.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Be*fud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Befuddled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms> <def>To becloud and confuse, as with

liquor.</def>



<hw>Beg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>beg</ets>, pronounced <ets>bay</ets>. Cf. <er>Bey</er>,

<er>Begum</er>.]</ety> <def>A title of honor in Turkey and in

some other parts of the East; a bey.</def>



<hw>Beg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Begged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Begging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beggen</ets>, perh. fr. AS. <ets>bedecian</ets> (akin to

Goth. <ets>bedagwa</ets> beggar), <ets>biddan</ets> to ask. (Cf.

<er>Bid</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>); or cf. <ets>beghard</ets>,

<ets>beguin</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask earnestly for;

to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech.</def>



<q>I do <qex>beg</qex> your good will in this case.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<q>[Joseph] <qex>begged</qex> the body of Jesus.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvii. 58.</qau>



<note>Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than

earnest, asking; as, I <xex>beg</xex> your pardon; I

<xex>beg</xex> leave to disagree with you.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for

habitually or from house to house.</def>



<q>Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed

<qex>begging</qex> bread.</q>

<qau>Ps. xxxvii. 25.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make petition to; to entreat; <as>as, to beg

a person to grant a favor</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take for granted; to assume without

proof.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Old Law)</fld> <def>To ask to be appointed

guardian for, or to ask to have a guardian appointed for.</def>



<q>Else some will <qex>beg</qex> thee, in the court of wards.</q>

<qau>Harrington.</qau>



<cs>Hence: <col>To beg (one) for a fool</col>, <cd>to take him

for a fool</cd>.</cs>



<cs><col>I beg to</col>, <cd>is an elliptical expression for

<xex>I beg leave to<xex>; as, <xex>I beg to<xex> inform you.</cd>

-- <col>To bag the question</col>, <cd>to assume that which was

to be proved in a discussion, instead of adducing the proof or

sustaining the point by argument.</cd> -- <col>To go

a-begging</col>, <cd>a figurative phrase to express the absence

of demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as,

grapes are so plentiful there that they <xex>go

a-begging<xex>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Beg</er>, <er>Ask</er>,

<er>Request</er>.</syn> <usage></syn> <usage> To <xex>ask</xex>

(not in the sense of inquiring)  is the generic term which

embraces all these words. To <xex>request</xex> is only a polite

mode of asking. To <xex>beg</xex>, in its original sense, was to

ask with earnestness, and implied submission, or at least

deference. At present, however, in polite life, <xex>beg</xex>

has dropped its original meaning, and has taken the place of both

<xex>ask</xex> and <xex>request</xex>, on the ground of its

expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we <xex>beg</xex>

a person's acceptance of a present; we <xex>beg</xex> him to

favor us with his company; a tradesman <xex>begs</xex> to

announce the arrival of new goods, etc.  Crabb remarks that,

according to present usage, \'bdwe can never talk of

<xex>asking</xex> a person's acceptance of a thing, or of

<xex>asking</xex> him to do us a favor.\'b8 This can be more

truly said of usage in England than in America.</usage>



<hw>Beg</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To ask alms or charity,

especially to ask habitually by the wayside or from house to

house; to live by asking alms.</def>



<q>I can not dig; to <qex>beg</qex> I am ashamed.</q>

<qau> Luke xvi. 3.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Be"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bigha</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*gem"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Begemmed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Begemming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with gems, or as

with gems.</def>



<q><qex>Begemmed</qex> with dewdrops.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Those lonely realms bright garden isles <qex>begem</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shelley.</qau>



<hw>Be*get"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Begot</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<mark>(Archaic)</mark> <er>Begat</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Begot</er>, <er>Begotten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Begetting</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bigiten</ets>, <ets>bigeten</ets>, to get, beget,

AS. <ets>begitan</ets> to get; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>gitan</ets>. See <er>Get</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate;

-- commonly said of the father.</def>



<q>Yet they a beauteous offspring shall <qex>beget</qex>.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To get (with child.)</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To produce as an effect; to cause to

exist.</def>



<q>Love is <qex>begot</qex> by fancy.</q>

<qau>Granville.</qau>



<hw>Be*get"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

begets; a father.</def>



<hw>Beg"ga*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being begged.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beggere</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with

humility; a petitioner.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes it his business to ask alms.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who is dependent upon others for support; --

a contemptuous or sarcastic use.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who assumes in argument what he does not

prove.</def>



<au>Abp. Tillotson.</au>



<hw>Beg"gar</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beggared</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Beggaring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

reduce to beggary; to impoverish; <as>as, he had

<ex>beggared</ex> himself</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to seem very poor and inadequate.</def>



<q>It <qex>beggared</qex> all description.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Beg"gar*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Beggary.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Beg"gar*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being beggarly; meanness.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a

beggar; extremely indigent; poverty-stricken; mean; poor;

contemptible.</def>  \'bdA bankrupt, <xex>beggarly</xex>

fellow.\'b8 <au>South</au>. \'bdA <xex>beggarly</xex>

fellowship.\'b8  <au>Swift</au>.  \'bd<xex>Beggarly</xex>

elements.\'b8  <au>Gal. iv. 9</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Produced or occasioned by beggary.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><qex>Beggarly</qex> sins, that is, those sins which idleness

and beggary usually betray men to; such as lying, flattery,

stealing, and dissimulation.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Beg"gar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In an indigent, mean,

or despicable manner; in the manner of a beggar.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar's lice`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of

<spn>Echinospermum</spn> and <spn>Cynoglossum</spn>) which cling

to the clothing of those who brush by them.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar's ticks`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The bur marigold

(<spn>Bidens</spn>) and its achenes, which are armed with barbed

awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant

tenacity.</def>



<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beggerie</ets>. See <er>Beggar</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of begging; the state of being a beggar;

mendicancy; extreme poverty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Beggarly appearance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The freedom and the <qex>beggary</qex> of the old studio.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy.</syn>



<hw>Beg"gar*y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beggarly.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Beg"ge*stere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beg</ets> + <ets>-ster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

beggar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*ghard"</hw>  <hw>Be*guard"</hw> }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82gard</ets>,

<ets>b\'82guard</ets>; cf. G. <ets>beghard</ets>, LL.

<ets>Beghardus</ets>, <ets>Begihardus</ets>, <ets>Begardus</ets>.

Prob. from the root of <ets>beguine</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets> or

<ets>-hard</ets>. See <er>Beguine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>One of an association of religious laymen

living in imitation of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth

century, were afterward subjected to much persecution, and were

suppressed by Innocent X. in 1650.  Called also

<xex>Beguins</xex>.</def>



<hw>Be*gild"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Begilded</er> or

<er>Begilt</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To gild.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Be*gin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Began</er> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<er>Begun</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beginning</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beginnan</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>biginnan</ets>, D. & G.

<ets>beginnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>biginnan</ets>, Goth.,

<ets>du-ginnan</ets>, Sw. <ets>begynna</ets>, Dan.

<ets>begynde</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> + an assumed

<ets>ginnan</ets>. <root/31. See <er>Gin</er> to begin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To have or commence an independent or first

existence; to take rise; to commence.</def>



<q>Vast chain of being! which from God <qex>began</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do the first act or the first part of an

action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or

state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to

start.</def> \'bdTears <xex>began</xex> to flow.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<q>When I <qex>begin</qex>, I will also make an end.</q>

<qau> 1 Sam. iii. 12.</qau>



<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enter on;

to commence.</def>



<q>Ye nymphs of Solyma ! <qex>begin</qex> the song.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or

place a beginning of.</def>



<q>The apostle <qex>begins</qex> our knowledge in the creatures,

which leads us to the knowledge of God.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To commence; originate; set about; start.</syn>



<hw>Be*gin"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Beginning.</def>

<mark>[Poetic & Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Be*gin"ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or

inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro.</def>



<q>A sermon of a new <qex>beginner</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Be*gin"ning</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of

an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a

course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts

or states.</def>



<q>In the <qex>beginning</qex> God created the heaven and the

earth.</q>

<qau> Gen. i. 1.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which begins or originates something; the

first cause; origin; source.</def>



<q> I am . . . the <qex>beginning</qex> and the ending.</q>

<qau> Rev. i. 8.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is begun; a rudiment or

element.</def>



<q>Mighty things from small <qex>beginnings</qex> grow.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Enterprise.</def> \'bdTo hinder our

<xex>beginnings</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin;

outset; foundation.</syn>



<hw>Be*gird"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Begirt</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Begirded</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Begirt</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Begirding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>begyrdan</ets> (akin to Goth. <ets>bigairdan</ets>); pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>gyrdan</ets> to gird.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bind with a band or girdle; to gird.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To surround as with a band; to encompass.</def>



<hw>Be*gir"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

surround as with a girdle.</def>



<hw>Be*girt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

encompass; to begird.</def>



<au> Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Beg"ler*beg`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.

<ets>beglerbeg</ets>, fr. <ets>beg</ets>, pl. <ets>begler</ets>.

See <er>Beg</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The governor of a

province of the Ottoman empire, next in dignity to the grand

vizier.</def>



<hw>Be*gnaw"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Begnawed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<mark>(R.)</mark> <er>Begnawn</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>begnagan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>gnagan</ets> to gnaw.]</ety> <def>To gnaw; to eat away; to

corrode.</def>



<q>The worm of conscience still <qex>begnaw</qex> thy soul.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*god"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Begodded</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To exalt to the dignity of a

god; to deify.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bd<xex>Begodded</xex>

saints.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Be*gone"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, v. i. + <ets>gone</ets>, p. p.]</ety>

<def>Go away; depart; get you gone.</def>



<hw>Be*gone"</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>begon</ets>,

AS. <ets>big\'ben</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>g\'ben</ets>

to go.]</ety> <def>Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in

woe-<xex>begone</xex>).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower. Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*go"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Michel

<ets>Begon</ets>, a promoter of botany.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species

of which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously

one-sided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.</def>



<-- p. 133 -->



<hw>Be*gore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To besmear

with gore.</def>



<hw>Be*got"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Beget</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*got"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Beget</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*grave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>grave</ets>; akin to G.

<ets>begraben</ets>, Goth. <ets>bigraban</ets> to dig a ditch

around.]</ety> <def>To bury; also, to engrave.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Be*grease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To soil

or daub with grease or other oily matter.</def>



<hw>Be*grime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Begrimed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Begriming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To soil with grime or dirt

deeply impressed or rubbed in.</def>



<q>Books falling to pieces and <qex>begrimed</qex> with dust.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Be*grim"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, begrimes.</def>



<hw>Be*grudge"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Begrudged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Begrudging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To grudge; to envy the

possession of.</def>



<hw>Be*guile"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beguiled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beguiling</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To delude by

guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on, as by a false

statement; to lure.</def>



<q>The serpent <qex>beguiled</qex> me, and I did eat.</q>

<qau>Gen. iii. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To elude, or evade by craft; to foil.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When misery could <qex>beguile</qex> the tyrant's rage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause the time of to pass without notice; to

relieve the tedium or weariness of; to while away; to

divert.</def>



<q>Ballads . . . to <qex>beguile</qex> his incessant

wayfaring.</q>

<qau> W. Irving.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse;

divert; entertain.</syn>



<hw>Be*guile"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled.</def>



<hw>Be*guil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, beguiles.</def>



<hw>Be*guil"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Alluring by guile;

deluding; misleading; diverting.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*guil"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>\'d8Be`guin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Beghard</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be`gui`nage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A collection of small houses surrounded by a

wall and occupied by a community of Beguines.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be`guine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82guine</ets>; LL. <ets>beguina</ets>,

<ets>beghina</ets>; fr. Lambert <ets>le B\'8ague</ets> (the

Stammerer) the founder of the order. (<ets>Du

Cange</ets>.)]</ety> <def>A woman belonging to one of the

religious and charitable associations or communities in the

Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose members live in beguinages and

are not bound by perpetual vows.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be"gum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per., fr.

Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr. Turk. <ets>beg</ets> (see

<er>Beg</er>, <pos>n.</pos>) + Ar. <ets>umm</ets> mother.]</ety>

<def>In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank.</def>



<qau>Malcom.</qau>



<hw>Be*gun"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Begin</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*half"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>on-behalve</ets> in the name of, <ets>bihalven</ets> by the

side of, fr. AS. <ets>healf</ets> half, also side, part: akin to

G. <ets>halb</ets> half, <ets>halber</ets> on account of. See

<er>Be-</er>, and <er>Half</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support;

defense; vindication.</def>



<q>In <qex>behalf</qex> of his mistress's beauty.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in

<qex>behalf</qex> of his nation.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<cs><col>In behalf of</col>, <cd>in the interest of.</cd> --

<col>On behalf of</col>, <cd>on account of; on the part

of.</cd></cs>



<hw>Be*hap"pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To happen

to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*have"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Behaved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Behaving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>behabban</ets> to

surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. <ets>gehaben</ets> (obs.)

to have, <ets>sich gehaben</ets> to behave or carry one's self);

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>habban</ets> to have. See

<er>Have</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle;

to restrain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He did <qex>behave</qex> his anger ere 't was spent.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to

bear; -- used reflexively.</def>



<q>Those that <qex>behaved</qex> themselves manfully.</q>

<qau>2 Macc. ii. 21.</qau>



<hw>Be*have"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act; to conduct; to

bear or carry one's self; <as>as, to <ex>behave</ex> well or

ill</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ This verb is often used colloquially without an

adverb of manner; as, if he does not <xex>behave</xex>, he will

be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as,

the ship <xex>behaved</xex> splendidly.</note>



<hw>Be*hav"ior</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Manner of

behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting one's self;

conduct; deportment; carriage; -- used also of inanimate objects;

<as>as, the <ex>behavior</ex> of a ship in a storm; the

<ex>behavior</ex> of the magnetic needle.</as></def>



<q>A gentleman that is very singular in his

<qex>behavior</qex>.</q>

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To be upon one's good behavior</col>, <col>To be

put upon one's good behavior</col></mcol>, <cd>to be in a state

of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of

conduct.</cd> -- <col>During good behavior</col>, <cd>while (or

so long as) one conducts one's self with integrity and fidelity

or with propriety.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Bearing; demeanor; manner.</syn> <usage> --

<er>Behavior</er>, <er>Conduct</er>. <xex>Behavior</xex> is the

mode in which we <xex>have</xex> or <xex>bear</xex> ourselves in

the presence of others or toward them; <xex>conduct</xex> is the

mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life.

<xex>Behavior</xex> respects our manner of acting in particular

cases; <xex>conduct</xex> refers to the general tenor of our

actions. We may say of soldiers, that their <xex>conduct</xex>

had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign, and their

<xex>behavior</xex> admirable in every instance when they met the

enemy.</usage>



<hw>Be*head"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beheaded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Beheading</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bihefden</ets>, AS. <ets>behe\'a0fdian</ets>; pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>he\'a0fod</ets> head. See

<er>Head</er>.]</ety> <def>To sever the head from; to take off

the head of.</def>



<hw>Be*head"al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>n.</pos>Beheading.</def>

<mark>[Modern]</mark>



<hw>Be*held"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Behold</er>.</def>



<hw>Be"he*moth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>behem<?/th</ets>, fr. Egyptian <ets>P-ehe-maut</ets>

hippopotamus.]</ety> <def>An animal, probably the hippopotamus,

described in <au>Job xl. 15-24</au>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be"hen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Behn</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per. & Ar. <ets>bahman</ets>,

<ets>behmen</ets>, an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn,

saffron.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

<spn>Centaurea behen</spn>, or saw-leaved centaury.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Cucubalus behen</spn>, or bladder

campion, now called <spn>Silene inflata</spn>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The <spn>Statice limonium</spn>, or sea lavender.</def>



<hw>Be*hest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biheste</ets> promise, command, AS. <ets>beh<?/s</ets>

promise; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h<?/s</ets> command. See

<er>Hest</er>, <er>Hight</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which

is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an injunction.</def>



<q>To do his master's high <qex>behest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vow; a promise.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the

<qex>behest</qex> that I have made.</q>

<qau>Paston.</qau>



<hw>Be*hest"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To vow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Paston.</au>



<hw>Be*hete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Behight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*hight"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Behight</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Behight</er>, <er>Behoten</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bihaten</ets>, AS. <ets>beh\'betan</ets> to vow, promise;

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>h\'betan</ets> to call, command. See

<er>Hight</er>, <pos>v.</pos>]</ety> <mark>[Obs. in all its

senses.]</mark> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To promise; to vow.</def>



<q><qex>Behight</qex> by vow unto the chaste Minerve.</q>

<qau>Surrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give in trust; to commit; to intrust.</def>



<q>The keys are to thy hand <qex>behight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To adjudge; to assign by authority.</def>



<q>The second was to Triamond <qex>behight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mean, or intend.</def>



<q>More than heart <qex>behighteth</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mir. for Mag.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To consider or esteem to be; to declare to

be.</def>



<q>All the lookers-on him dead <qex>behight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To call; to name; to address.</def>



<q>Whom . . . he knew and thus <qex>behight</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To command; to order.</def>



<q>He <qex>behight</qex> those gates to be unbarred.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Be*hight"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A vow; a promise.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Surrey.</au>



<hw>Be*hind"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>behindan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>hindan</ets>.

See <er>Hind</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On the

side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side of; at

the back of; on the other side of; <as>as, <ex>behind</ex> a

door; <ex>behind</ex> a hill.</as></def>



<q>A tall Brabanter, <qex>behind</qex> whom I stood.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Left after the departure of, whether this be by

removing to a distance or by death.</def>



<q>A small part of what he left <qex>behind</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Left a distance by, in progress of improvement

Hence: Inferior to in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or

in any achievement.</def>



<q>I was not a whit <qex>behind</qex> the very chiefest

apostles.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. xi. 5.</qau>



<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At the back

part; in the rear.</def> \'bdI shall not lag

<xex>behind</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Toward the back part or rear; backward; <as>as,

to look <ex>behind</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited

to view; out of sight; remaining.</def>



<q>We can not be sure that there is no evidence

<qex>behind</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Backward in time or order of succession;

past.</def>



<q>Forgetting those things which are <qex>behind</qex>.</q>

<qau> Phil. ii. 13.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>After the departure of another; <as>as, to stay

behind</as>.</def>



<q>Leave not a rack <qex>behind</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*hind"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The backside; the

rump.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Be*hind"hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Behind</ets> + <ets>hand</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In arrears financially; in a state where

expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a state of backwardness, in respect to what

is seasonable or appropriate, or as to what should have been

accomplished; not equally forward with some other person or

thing; dilatory; backward; late; tardy; <as>as,

<ex>behindhand</ex> in studies or in work</as>.</def>



<q>In this also [dress] the country are very much

<qex>behindhand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Be*hith"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>On this

side of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Two miles <qex>behither</qex> Clifden.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Be*hold"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beheld</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr> (<pos>p. p</pos>. formerly <er>Beholden</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, now used only as a <pos>p. a</pos>.); <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n</pos>. <er>Beholding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bihalden</ets>, <ets>biholden</ets>, AS.

<ets>behealdan</ets> to hold, have in sight; pref. <ets>be-</ets>

+ <ets>healdan</ets> to hold, keep; akin to G.

<ets>behalten</ets> to hold, keep. See <er>Hold</er>.]</ety>

<def>To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with

the eyes.</def>



<q>When he <qex>beheld</qex> the serpent of brass, he lived.</q>

<qau>Num. xxi. 9.</qau>



<q><qex>Behold</qex> the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin

of the world.</q>

<qau> John. i. 29.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern.</syn>



<hw>Be*hold"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To direct the eyes to,

or fix them upon, an object; to look; to see.</def>



<q>And I <qex>beheld</qex>, and, lo, in the midst of the throne,

. . . a lamb as it had been slain.</q>

<qau> Rev. v. 6.</qau>



<hw>Be*hold"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <ety>[Old p.

p. of <ets>behold</ets>, used in the primitive sense of the

simple verb <ets>hold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Obliged; bound in

gratitude; indebted.</def>



<q>But being so <qex>beholden</qex> to the Prince.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Be*hold"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

beholds; a spectator.</def>



<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Obliged; beholden.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I was much bound and <qex>beholding</qex> to the right

reverend father.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<q>So much hath Oxford been <qex>beholding</qex> to her nephews,

or sister's children.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Be*hold"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of seeing;

sight; also, that which is beheld.</def>



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*hold"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos><def>, The state of being

obliged or beholden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Be*hoof"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>to

bihove</ets> for the use of, AS. <ets>beh<?/f</ets> advantage, a

word implied in <ets>beh<?/fl\'c6c</ets> necessary; akin to Sw.

<ets>behof</ets>, Dan. <ets>behov</ets>, G. <ets>behuf</ets>, and

E. <ets>heave</ets>, the root meaning <ets>to seize</ets>, hence

the meanings \'bdto hold, make use of.\'b8 See <er>Heave</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Advantage; profit; benefit;

interest; use.</def>



<q>No mean recompense it brings

To your <qex>behoof</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*hoov"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Supplying

need; profitable; advantageous.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Udall.</au>



<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Behooved</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Behooving</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bihoven</ets>,

<ets>behoven</ets>, AS. <ets>beh<?/fian</ets> to have need of,

fr. <ets>beh<?/f</ets>. See <er>Behoof</er>.]</ety> <def>To be

necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to

necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used

impersonally.</def>



<q>And thus it <qex>behooved</qex> Christ to suffer.</q>

<qau> Luke xxiv. 46.</qau>



<altsp>[Also written <asp>behove</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Be*hoove"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be

necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due.</def>



<au> Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*hoove"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Advantage; behoof.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>It shall not be to his <qex>behoove</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<hw>Be*hoove"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Advantageous; useful; profitable.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*hoove"ful*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Be*hoove"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark></wordforms>



<hw>Be*hove"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.</pos><def>, and

derivatives. See <er>Behoov</er>e, & c.</def>



<hw>Be*hove"ly</hw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>Useful, or

usefully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*howl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To howl

at.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The wolf <qex>behowls</qex> the moon.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Beige</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Debeige.</def>



<hw>Beild</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from the

same root as <ets>build</ets>, v. t.]</ety> <def>A place of

shelter; protection; refuge.</def>  <mark>[Scot. & Prov.

Eng.]</mark> <altsp>[Also written <asp>bield</asp> and

<asp>beeld</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The random <qex>beild</qex> o' clod or stane.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<hw>Be"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> from <er>Be</er>.

<def>Existing.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Being</xex> was formerly used where we now use

<xex>having</xex>. \'bd<xex>Being</xex> to go to a ball in a few

days.\'b8 <au>Miss Edgeworth</au>.</note>



<note><hand/ In modern usage, <xex>is</xex>, <xex>are</xex>,

<xex>was</xex> or <xex>were being</xex>, with a past participle

following (as <xex>built</xex>, <xex>made</xex>, etc.) indicates

the process toward the completed result expressed by the

participle. The form <xex>is</xex> or <xex>was building</xex>, in

this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from

ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern <xex>is</xex> or

<xex>was being built</xex>. The last form of speech is, however,

sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression

was <xex>is</xex>, or <xex>was</xex>, <xex>a-building</xex> or

<xex>in building</xex>.</note>



<q>A man who <qex>is being</qex> strangled.</q>

<qau>Lamb.</qau>



<q>While the article on Burns <qex>was being</qex> written.</q>

<qau>Froude.</qau>



<q>Fresh experience <qex>is</qex> always <qex>being</qex>

gained.</q>

<qau> Jowett (Thucyd. )</qau>



<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Existence, as

opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence.</def>



<q>In Him we live, and move, and have our <qex>being</qex>.</q>

<qau>Acts xvii. 28.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which exists in any form, whether it be

material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as

distinguished from a thing without life; <as>as, a human

<ex>being</ex>; spiritual <ex>beings</ex>.</as></def>



<q>What a sweet <qex>being</qex> is an honest mind !</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<q>A <qex>Being</qex> of infinite benevolence and power.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lifetime; mortal existence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Claudius, thou

Wast follower of his fortunes in his <qex>being</qex>.</q>

<qau>Webster (1654).</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An abode; a cottage.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<q>It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into

little <qex>beings</qex> within my manor.</q>

<qau> Steele.</qau>



<hw>Be"ing</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Since; inasmuch as.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Colloq.]</mark>



<q>And <qex>being</qex> you have

Declined his means, you have increased his malice.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Be*jade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To jade or

tire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*jape"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To jape; to

laugh at; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*jaun"dice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

infect with jaundice.</def>



<hw>Be*jew"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bejeweled</er> or

<er>Bejewelled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bejeweling</er> or <er>Bejewelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bejeweled</xex> hands.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Be*jum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To jumble

together.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be"kah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.]</ety>

<def>Half a shekel.</def>



<hw>Be*knave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To call

knave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Be*know"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To confess;

to acknowledge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The Babylonian name

of the god known among the Hebrews as <xex>Baal</xex>. See

<er>Baal</er>.</def>



<au>Baruch vi. 41.</au>



<hw>Be*la"bor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belabored</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belaboring</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ply

diligently; to work carefully upon.</def> \'bdIf the earth is

<xex>belabored</xex> with culture, it yieldeth corn.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To beat soundly; to cudgel.</def>



<q>Ajax <qex>belabors</qex> there a harmless ox.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bel`-ac*coyle"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bel</ets> beautiful + <ets>accueil</ets> reception.]</ety>

<def>A kind or favorable reception or salutation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*lace"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belaced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten, as with a lace or cord.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover or adorn with lace.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beaumont.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To beat with a strap. See <er>Lace</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Be*lam"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Lam</er>.]</ety> <def>To beat or bang.</def> <mark>[Prov. &

Low, Eng.]</mark>



<au> Todd.</au>



<hw>Bel"a*mour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bel

amour</ets> fair love.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A lover.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flower, but of what kind is unknown.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Her snowy brows, like budded <qex>belamours</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Bel"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bel

ami</ets> fair friend.]</ety> <def>Good friend; dear

friend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*late"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Belating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To retard or

make too late.</def>



<au>Davenant.</au>



<hw>Be*lat"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Delayed beyond the usual

time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted.</def>  \'bdSome

<xex>belated</xex> peasant.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Be*lat"ed*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>

<au>Milton</au>.



<hw>Be*laud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To laud or

praise greatly.</def>



<hw>Be*lay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belaid</er>,

<er>Belayed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belaying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For senses 1 & 2, D.

<ets>beleggen</ets> to cover, belay; akin to E. pref.

<ets>be-</ets>, and <ets>lay</ets> to place: for sense 3, OE.

<ets>beleggen</ets>, AS. <ets>belecgan</ets>. See pref.

<er>Be-</er>, and <er>Lay</er> to place.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To lay on or cover; to adorn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Jacket . . . <qex>belayed</qex> with silver lace.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To make fast, as a rope, by

taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lie in wait for with a view to assault.

Hence: to block up or obstruct.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<cs><col>Belay thee</col><cd>! Stop.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 134 -->



<hw>Be*lay"ing pin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, round which

ropes are wound when they are fastened or belayed.</def>



<hw>Belch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belken</ets>, AS.

<ets>bealcan</ets>, akin to E. <ets>bellow</ets>. See

<er>Bellow</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct.</def>



<q>I <qex>belched</qex> a hurricane of wind.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To eject violently from within; to cast forth;

to emit; to give vent to; to vent.</def>



<q>Within the gates that now

Stood open wide, <qex>belching</qex> outrageous flame.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Belch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eject wind

from the stomach through the mouth; to eructate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To issue with spasmodic force or noise.</def>



<au> Dryden.</au>



<hw>Belch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

belching; also, that which is belched; an eructation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Malt liquor; -- vulgarly so called as causing

eructation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dennis.</au>



<hw>Belch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, belches.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel"dam Bel"dame</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bel-</ets>, denoting relationship

+ <ets>dame</ets> mother: cf. F. <ets>belledame</ets> fair lady,

It. <ets>belladonna</ets>. See <er>Belle</er>, and

<er>Dame</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire.</def>



<q>To show the <qex>beldam</qex> daughters of her daughter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old

woman; a hag.</def>



<q>Around the <qex>beldam</qex> all erect they hang.</q>

<qau>Akenside.</qau>



<hw>Be*lea"guer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beleaguered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beleaguering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[D. <ets>belegeren</ets>

(akin to G. <ets>belagern</ets>, Sw. <ets>bel\'84gra</ets>, Dan.

<ets>beleire</ets>); pref. <ets>be-</ets> = E. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>leger</ets> bed, camp, army, akin to E. <ets>lair</ets>. See

<er>Lair</er>.]</ety> <def>To surround with an army so as to

preclude escape; to besiege; to blockade.</def>



<q>The wail of famine in <qex>beleaguered</qex> towns.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.</syn>



<hw>Be*lea"guer*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

beleaguers.</def>



<hw>Be*leave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beleft</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To leave or to be left.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> May.</au>



<hw>Be*lec"ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belectured</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belecturing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To vex with lectures; to

lecture frequently.</def>



<hw>Be*lee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To place

under the lee, or unfavorably to the wind.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*lem"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets> dart, fr. <ets><?/</ets>

to throw: cf. F. <ets>b\'82lemnite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A conical calcareous fossil, tapering

to a point at the lower extremity, with a conical cavity at the

other end, where it is ordinarily broken; but when perfect it

contains a small chambered cone, called the phragmocone,

prolonged, on one side, into a delicate concave blade; the

thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a cephalopod related to

the sepia, and belonging to an extinct family. The belemnites are

found in rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bel*em*nit"ic</wf>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*lep"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belepered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To infect with leprosy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bel"-es*prit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beaux</plw><plw>-esprits</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.,

fine wit.]</ety> <def>A fine genius, or man of wit.</def> \'bdA

man of letters and a <xex>bel esprit</xex>.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<hw>Bel"fry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>berfray</ets> movable tower used in sieges, OF.

<ets>berfreit</ets>, <ets>berfroit</ets>, F. <ets>beffroi</ets>,

fr. MHG. <ets>bervrit</ets>, <ets>bercvrit</ets>, G.

<ets>bergfriede</ets>, fr. MHG. <ets>bergen</ets> to protect (G.

<ets>bergen</ets> to conceal) + <ets>vride</ets> peace,

protection, G. <ets>friede</ets> peace; in compounds often taken

in the sense of security, or place of security; orig. therefore a

place affording security. G. <ets>friede</ets> is akin to E.

<ets>free</ets>. See <er>Burg</er>, and <er>Free</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A movable tower erected

by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bell tower, usually attached to a church or

other building, but sometimes separate; a campanile.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be

hung; or a cupola or turret for the same purpose.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The framing on which a bell

is suspended.</def>



<hw>Bel*gard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. <ets>bel

guardo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sweet or loving look.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bel"gi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Belgium.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A

native or inhabitant of Belgium.</def></def2>



<hw>Bel"gic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Belgicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Belgae</ets> the Belgians.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the <xex>Belg\'91</xex>, a

German tribe who anciently possessed the country between the

Rhine, the Seine, and the ocean.</def>



<q>How unlike their <qex>Belgic</qex> sires of old.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the Netherlands or to

Belgium.</def>



<hw>Bel*gra"vi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging

to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London, around Pimlico),

or to fashionable life; aristocratic.</def>



<hw>Be"li*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>beli ya'al</ets>; <ets>beli</ets> without + <ets>ya'al</ets>

profit.]</ety> <def>An evil spirit; a wicked and unprincipled

person; the personification of evil.</def>



<q>What concord hath Christ with <qex>Belia</qex> ?</q>

<qau>2 Cor. vi. 15.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>A son</col> (or man) <col>of Belial</col></mcol>,

<cd>a worthless, wicked, or thoroughly depraved person.</cd> 

<au>1 Sam. ii. 12.</au></cs>



<hw>Be*li"bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Libel</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <def>To libel or

traduce; to calumniate.</def>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Be*lie"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Belying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilien</ets>,

<ets>bili<?/en</ets>, AS. <ets>bele\'a2gan</ets>; pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>le\'a2gan</ets> to lie. See <er>Lie</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To show to be false; to

convict of, or charge with, falsehood.</def>



<q>Their trembling hearts <qex>belie</qex> their boastful

tongues.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a false representation or account

of.</def>



<q>Should I do so, I should <qex>belie</qex> my thoughts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To tell lie about; to calumniate; to

slander.</def>



<q>Thou dost <qex>belie</qex> him, Percy, thou dost belie

him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mimic; to counterfeit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fill with lies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bdThe breath of slander doth <xex>belie</xex> all corners of

the world.\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*lief"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bileafe</ets>, <ets>bileve</ets>; cf. AS.

<ets>gele\'a0fa</ets>. See <er>Believe</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of

a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate

personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or

full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty;

persuasion; conviction; confidence; <as>as, <ex>belief</ex> of a

witness; the <ex>belief</ex> of our senses.</as></def>



<q><qex>Belief</qex> admits of all degrees, from the slightest

suspicion to the fullest assurance.</q>

<qau>Reid.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>A persuasion of the truths

of religion; faith.</def>



<q>No man can attain [to] <qex>belief</qex> by the bare

contemplation of heaven and earth.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The thing believed; the object of belief.</def>



<q>Superstitious prophecies are not only the <qex>belief</qex> of

fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the

advocates of any class of views; doctrine; creed.</def>



<q>In the heat of persecution to which Christian

<qex>belief</qex> was subject upon its first promulgation.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<cs><col>Ultimate belief</col>, <cd>a first principle incapable

of proof; an intuitive truth; an intuition.</cd></cs>



<au> Sir W. Hamilton.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.</syn>



<hw>Be*lief"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

belief or faith.</def>



<hw>Be*liev"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being believed; credible.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*liev"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Be*liev`a*bil"i*ty</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*lieve"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Believed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Believing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bileven</ets>

(with pref. <ets>be-</ets> for AS. <ets>ge-</ets>), fr. AS.

<ets>gel<?/fan</ets>, <ets>gel<?/fan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>gelooven</ets>, OHG. <ets>gilouban</ets>, G.

<ets>glauben</ets>, OS. <ets>gil<?/bian</ets>, Goth.

<ets>galaubjan</ets>, and Goth. <ets>liubs</ets> dear. See

<er>Lief</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, <er>Leave</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To exercise belief in; to credit upon

the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the

truth of, upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and

deductions of the mind, or by circumstances other than personal

knowledge; to regard or accept as true; to place confidence in;

to think; to consider; <as>as, to <ex>believe</ex> a person, a

statement, or a doctrine</as>.</def>



<q>Our conqueror (whom I now

Of force <qex>believe</qex> almighty).</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>King Agrippa, <qex>believest</qex> thou the prophets ?</q>

<qau>Acts xxvi.<?/7.</qau>



<q>Often followed by a dependent clause.

I <qex>believe</qex> that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.</q>

<qau>Acts viii. 37.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Expect</er>.</syn>



<hw>Be*lieve"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a

firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have a

persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or

faith.</def>



<q>Lord, I <qex>believe</qex>; help thou mine unbelief.</q>

<qau>Mark ix. 24.</qau>



<q>With the heart man <qex>believeth</qex> unto

righteousness.</q>

<qau>Rom. x. 10.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To think; to suppose.</def>



<q>I will not <qex>believe</qex> so meanly of you.</q>

<qau>Fielding.</qau>



<cs><col>To believe in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To believe that

the subject of the thought (if a person or thing) exists, or (if

an event) that it has occurred, or will occur; -- as, to

<xex>believe in<xex> the resurrection of the dead.</cd>  \'bdShe

does not <xex>believe in<xex> Jupiter.\'b8 <au>J. H. Newman</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To believe that the character, abilities, and

purposes of a person are worthy of entire confidence; --

especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy.</cd> \'bdLet

not your heart be troubled: ye <xex>believe in<xex> God,

<xex>believe<xex> also <xex>in<xex> me.\'b8 <au>John xiv. 1</au>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To believe that the qualities or effects of an

action or state are beneficial: as, to <xex>believe in<xex> sea

bathing, or <xex>in<xex> abstinence from alcoholic

beverages.</cd> -- <col>To believe on</col>, <cd>to accept

implicitly as an object of religious trust or obedience; to have

faith in.</cd></cs>



<hw>Be*liev"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or

reality of some doctrine, person, or thing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Theol.)</fld> <def>One who gives credit to the

truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian;

-- in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his

Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the

gospel.</def>



<q>Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all

<qex>believers</qex>.</q>

<qau> Book of Com. Prayer.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>One who was admitted to

all the rights of divine worship and instructed in all the

mysteries of the Christian religion, in distinction from a

catechumen, or one yet under instruction.</def>



<hw>Be*liev"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That believes; having

belief.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*liev"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*light"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

illuminate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cowley.</au>



<hw>Be*like"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> (for <ets>by</ets>) + <ets>like</ets>.]</ety>

<def>It is likely or probably; perhaps.</def>  <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*like"ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q><qex>Belike</qex>, boy, then you are in love.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*lime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belimed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To besmear or insnare with

birdlime.</def>



<hw>Be*lit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belittled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belittling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make little or less in

a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous

way.</def>



<au>T. Jefferson.</au>



<hw>Be*live"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Live</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>Forthwith; speedily;

quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Belk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Belch</er>.]</ety> <def>To vomit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>belle</ets>, fr. <ets>bellan</ets> to bellow. See

<er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow metallic

vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth,

containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound

on being struck.</def>



<note><hand/ Bells have been made of various metals, but the best

have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and tin.</note>



<cs><col>The Liberty Bell</col>, <cd>the famous bell of the

Philadelphia State House, which rang when the Continental

Congress declared the Independence of the United States, in 1776.

It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words \'bdProclaim

liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants

thereof.\'b8</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a

loose ball which causes it to sound when moved.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or

corol of a flower.</def> \'bdIn a cowslip's <xex>bell</xex> I

lie.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That part of the capital of a

column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used

for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist

within the leafage of a capital.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The strikes

of the bell which mark the time; or the time so designated.</def>



<note><hand/ On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is

struck eight times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after it

has struck \'bdeight bells\'b8 it is struck once, and at every

succeeding half hour the number of strokes is increased by one,

till at the end of the four hours, which constitute a watch, it

is struck eight times.</note>



<cs><col>To bear away the bell</col>, <cd>to win the prize at a

race where the prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in

something.</cd> <au>Fuller</au>. -- <col>To bear the bell</col>,

<cd>to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to the bellwether

or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove, when

wearing a bell.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To curse by bell</col>,

<col>book</col>, <col>and candle</col></mcol>, <cd>a solemn form

of excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell

being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and

three candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies.</cd>

<au>Nares</au>. -- <col>To lose the bell</col>, <cd>to be worsted

in a contest.</cd>  \'bdIn single fight he <xex>lost the

bell<xex>.\'b8 <au>Fairfax</au>. -- <col>To shake the

bells</col>, <cd>to move, give notice, or alarm.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bell</xex> is much used adjectively or in

combinations; as, <xex>bell</xex> clapper; <xex>bell</xex>

foundry; <xex>bell</xex> hanger; <xex>bell-</xex>mouthed;

<xex>bell</xex> tower, etc., which, for the most part, are

self-explaining.</note>



<cs><col>Bell arch</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>an arch of

unusual form, following the curve of an ogee.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Bell cage</col>, or <col>Bell carriage</col></mcol>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a timber frame constructed to carry one

or more large bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell cot</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a small or subsidiary construction,

frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used

to contain and support one or more bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell

deck</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the floor of a belfry made to

serve as a roof to the rooms below.</cd> -- <col>Bell

founder</col>, <cd>one whose occupation it is to found or cast

bells.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bell foundry</col>, or <col>Bell

foundery</col></mcol>, <cd>a place where bells are founded or

cast.</cd> -- <col>Bell gable</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a

small gable-shaped construction, pierced with one or more

openings, and used to contain bells.</cd> -- <col>Bell

glass</col>. <cd>See <er>Bell jar</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bell

hanger</col>, <cd>a man who hangs or puts up bells.</cd> --

<col>Bell pull</col>, <cd>a cord, handle, or knob, connecting

with a bell or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when

pulled.</cd> <au>Aytoun</au>. -- <col>Bell punch</col>, <cd>a

kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when used.</cd> --

<col>Bell ringer</col>, <cd>one who rings a bell or bells, esp.

one whose business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set

of musical bells for public entertainment.</cd> -- <col>Bell

roof</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a roof shaped according to the

general lines of a bell.</cd> -- <col>Bell rope</col>, <cd>a rope

by which a church or other bell is rung.</cd> -- <col>Bell

tent</col>, <cd>a circular conical-topped tent.</cd> -- <col>Bell

trap</col>, <cd>a kind of bell shaped stench trap.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Belling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>

To put a bell upon; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> the cat</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make bell-mouthed; <as>as, to <ex>bell</ex> a

tube</as>.</def>



<hw>Bell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To develop bells or

corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; <as>as, hops

<ex>bell</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bell</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>bellan</ets>. See

<er>Bellow</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter by bellowing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bell</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To call or bellow, as the

deer in rutting time; to make a bellowing sound; to roar.</def>



<q>As loud as <qex>belleth</qex> wind in hell.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>The wild buck <qex>bells</qex> from ferny brake.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bel`la*don"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

literally fine lady; <ets>bella</ets> beautiful +

<ets>donna</ets> lady.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An herbaceous European plant (<spn>Atropa belladonna</spn>)

with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The

whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and

leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are

largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called

also <altname>deadly nightshade</altname>.</def>  <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A species of <spn>Amaryllis</spn> <spn>(A.

belladonna)</spn>; the belladonna lily.</def>



<hw>Bell" an`i*mal"cule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An infusorian of the family <spn>Vorticellid\'91</spn>,

common in fresh-water ponds.</def>



<hw>Bell" bear`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

Brazilian leaf hopper (<spn>Bocydium tintinnabuliferum</spn>),

remarkable for the four bell-shaped appendages of its

thorax.</def>



<hw>Bell"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from their notes.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A South American bird of the genus <spn>Casmarhincos</spn>,

and family <spn>Cotingid\'91</spn>, of several species; the

campanero.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The <spn>Myzantha

melanophrys</spn> of Australia.</def>



<hw>Bell" crank`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A lever whose two arms

form a right angle, or nearly a right angle, having its fulcrum

at the apex of the angle. It is used in bell pulls and in

changing the direction of bell wires at angles of rooms, etc.,

and also in machinery.</def>



<-- p. 135 -->



<hw>Belle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>belle</ets>, fem. of <ets>bel</ets>, <ets>beau</ets>,

beautiful, fine. See <er>Beau</er>.]</ety> <def>A young lady of

superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who

attracts notice in society; a fair lady.</def>



<hw>Belled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hung with a bell

or bells.</def>



<hw>Belle-let"trist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in belleslettres.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bel*ler"o*phon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of fossil univalve shells,

believed to belong to the Heteropoda, peculiar to the Paleozoic

age.</def>



<hw>\'d8Belles-let"tres</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Polite or elegant literature; the

humanities; -- used somewhat vaguely for literary works in which

imagination and taste are predominant.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel`le*tris"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bel`le*tris"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres.</def>

\'bdAn unlearned, <xex>belletristic</xex> trifler.\'b8



<au>M. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Bell"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

striking surface convex; -- said of hammers.</def>



<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so

named from its bell-shaped flowers.</def>



<hw>Bell"flow`er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bellefleur</ets>, lit., beautiful flower.]</ety> <def>A kind

of apple. The yellow bellflower is a large, yellow winter

apple.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bellefleur</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bel"li*bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>belle et bonne</ets>, beautiful and good.]</ety> <def>A

woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bel"li*cal</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bellicus</ets>.

See <er>Bellicose</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to war;

warlike; martial.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bd<xex>Bellic</xex> C\'91sar.\'b8



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Bel"li*cose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bellicosu</ets>s, fr. <ets>bellicus</ets> of war, fr.

<ets>bellum</ets> war. See <er>Duel</er>.]</ety> <def>Inclined to

war or contention; warlike; pugnacious.</def>



<q>Arnold was, in fact, in a <qex>bellicose</qex> vein.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bel"li*cose`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bellicose

manner.</def>



<hw>Bel"li*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bellicose.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bel"lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, a. Having (such) a belly;

puffed out; -- used in composition; <as>as, pot-<ex>bellied</ex>;

shad-<ex>bellied</ex>.</as></def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel*lig"er*ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bel*lig"er*en*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>The quality of being belligerent; act or state of making

war; warfare.</def>



<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>gerens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>,

waging, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>gerere</ets> to wage: cf. F.

<ets>bellig\'82rant</ets>. See <er>Bellicose</er>,

<er>Jest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Waging war; carrying on

war.</def> \'bd<xex>Belligerent</xex> powers.\'b8



<au> E. Everett.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating

to belligerents; <as>as, a <ex>belligerent</ex> tone;

<ex>belligerent</ex> rights.</as></def>



<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nation or state

recognized as carrying on war; a person engaged in warfare.</def>



<hw>Bel*lig"er*ent*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a belligerent

manner; hostilely.</def>



<hw>Bell"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bell</er> to bellow.]</ety> <def>A bellowing, as of a deer in

rutting time.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bel*lip"o*tent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bellipotens</ets>; <ets>bellum</ets> war + <ets>potens</ets>

powerful, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>posse</ets> to be

able.]</ety> <def>Mighty in war; armipotent.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Bell" jar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Phys.)</fld> <def>A glass

vessel, varying in size, open at the bottom and closed at the top

like a bell, and having a knob or handle at the top for lifting

it. It is used for a great variety of purposes; <as>as, with the

air pump, and for holding gases, also for keeping the dust from

articles exposed to view</as>.</def>



<hw>Bell"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A man who

rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything in the

streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the

hours.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bell" met`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A hard alloy or bronze,

consisting usually of about three parts of copper to one of tin;

-- used for making bells.</def>



<cs><col>Bell metal ore</col>, <cd>a sulphide of tin, copper, and

iron; the mineral stannite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bell"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expanding at the mouth; <as>as, a <ex>bell-mouthed</ex>

gun</as>.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Bel"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lead

colic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bel*lo"na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., from

<ets>bellum</ets> war.]</ety> <fld>(Rom. Myth.)</fld> <def>The

goddess of war.</def>



<hw>Bel"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bellowed</er> ; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bellowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>belwen</ets>, <ets>belowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bylgean</ets>,

fr. <ets>bellan</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bellen</ets>, and perh. to

L. <ets>flere</ets> to weep, OSlav. <ets>bleja</ets> to bleat,

Lith. <ets>balsas</ets> voice. Cf. <er>Bell</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<ets>v</ets>., <er>Bawl</er>, <er>Bull</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind

when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.</def>



<q>The <qex>bellowing</qex> voice of boiling seas.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To emit with a loud

voice; to shout; -- used with <xex>out</xex>.</def> \'bdWould

<xex>bellow</xex> out a laugh.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bel"low</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A loud resounding outcry or

noise, as of an enraged bull; a roar.</def>



<hw>Bel"low*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, bellows.</def>



<hw>Bel"lows</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bely</ets>, <ets>below</ets>, belly, bellows, AS.

<ets>b\'91lg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly.

Bellows is prop. a pl. and the orig. sense is bag. See

<er>Belly</er>.]</ety> <def>An instrument, utensil, or machine,

which, by alternate expansion and contraction, or by rise and

fall of the top, draws in air through a valve and expels it

through a tube for various purposes, as blowing fires,

ventilating mines, or filling the pipes of an organ with

wind.</def>



<cs><col>Bellows camera</col>, <cd>in photography, a form of

camera, which can be drawn out like an accordion or

<xex>bellows<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Hydrostatic bellows</col>.

<cd>See <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</cd> -- <col>A pair of

bellows</col>, <cd>the ordinary household instrument for blowing

fires, consisting of two nearly heart-shaped boards with handles,

connected by leather, and having a valve and tube.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bel"lows fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A European fish (<spn>Centriscus scolopax</spn>),

distinguished by a long tubular snout, like the pipe of a

bellows; -- called also <altname>trumpet fish</altname>, and

<altname>snipe fish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bell" pep`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

species of Capsicum, or Guinea pepper <spn>(C. annuum)</spn>. It

is the red pepper of the gardens.</def>



<hw>Bell"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the shape of a widemouthed bell; campanulate.</def>



<hw>Bel"lu*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>belluinus</ets>, fr. <ets>bellua</ets> beast.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or like, a beast; brutal.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Animal and <qex>belluine</qex> life.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<hw>Bell"weth`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A wether, or sheep, which leads the flock, with a bell on

his neck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: A leader.</def>

<mark>[Contemptuous]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bell"wort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of plants (Uvularia) with yellowish bell-shaped

flowers.</def>



<hw>Bel"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bellies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bali</ets>,

<ets>bely</ets>, AS. <ets>belg</ets>, <ets>b\'91lg</ets>,

<ets>b\'91lig</ets>, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel.

<ets>belgr</ets> bag, bellows, Sw. <ets>b\'84lg</ets>, Dan.

<ets>b\'91lg</ets>, D. & G. <ets>balg</ets>, cf. W.

<ets>bol</ets> the paunch or belly, dim. <ets>boly</ets>, Ir.

<ets>bolg</ets>. Cf. <er>Bellows</er>, <er>Follicle</er>,

<er>Fool</er>, <er>Bilge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That part

of the human body which extends downward from the breast to the

thighs, and contains the bowels, or intestines; the

abdomen.</def>



<note><hand/ Formerly all the splanchnic or visceral cavities

were called bellies; -- the <xex>lower belly</xex> being the

abdomen; the <xex>middle belly</xex>, the thorax; and the

<xex>upper belly</xex>, the head.</note>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The under part of the body of animals,

corresponding to the human belly.</def>



<q>Underneath the <qex>belly</qex> of their steeds.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The womb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Before I formed thee in the <qex>belly</qex> I knew thee.</q>

<qau>Jer. i. 5.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The part of anything which resembles the human

belly in protuberance or in cavity; the innermost part; <as>as,

the <ex>belly</ex> of a flask, muscle, sail, ship</as>.</def>



<q>Out of the <qex>belly</qex> of hell cried I.</q>

<qau>Jonah ii. 2.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The hollow part of a curved

or bent timber, the convex part of which is the back.</def>



<cs><col>Belly doublet</col>, <cd>a doublet of the 16th century,

hanging down so as to cover the belly. <xex>Shak<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Belly fretting</col>, <cd>the chafing of a horse's belly

with a girth. <xex>Johnson<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Belly timber</col>,

<cd>food. <mark>[Ludicrous]</mark> <au>Prior</au>.</cd> --

<col>Belly worm</col>, <cd>a worm that breeds or lives in the

belly (stomach or intestines). <au>Johnson</au>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bellied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bellying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cause to swell

out; to fill.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Your breath of full consent <qex>bellied</qex> his sails.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bel"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To swell and become

protuberant, like the belly; to bulge.</def>



<q>The <qex>bellying</qex> canvas strutted with the gale.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bel"ly*ache`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pain in

the bowels; colic.</def>



<hw>Bel"ly*band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A band that passes under the belly of a horse and holds the

saddle or harness in place; a girth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A band of flannel or other cloth about the

belly.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A band of canvas, to

strengthen a sail.</def>



<hw>Bel"ly*bound`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Costive; constipated.</def>



<hw>Bel"ly*cheat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An apron

or covering for the front of the person.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh.

from F. <ets>belle ch\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good cheer;

viands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bd<xex>Bellycheer</xex> and

banquets.\'b8 <au>Rowlands</au>. \'bdLoaves and

<xex>bellycheer</xex>.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>.



<hw>Bel"ly*cheer`</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To revel; to

feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A pack of clergymen [assembled] by themselves to

<qex>bellycheer</qex> in their presumptuous Sion.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bel"ly*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>As much as

satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than

enough.</def>



<au>Lloyd.</au>



<q>King James told his son that he would have his

<qex>bellyful</qex> of parliamentary impeachments.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<hw>Bel"ly-god`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

great pleasure it is to gratify his appetite; a glutton; an

epicure.</def>



<hw>Bel"ly-pinched`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pinched

with hunger; starved.</def> \'bdThe <xex>belly-pinched</xex>

wolf.\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*lock"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belocked</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>lock</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>bel<?/can</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

lock, or fasten as with a lock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Bel"o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> arrow + <ets><?/</ets> a diviner:

cf. F. <ets>b\'82lomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination

anciently practiced by means of marked arrows drawn at random

from a bag or quiver, the marks on the arrows drawn being

supposed to foreshow the future.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<hw>Be*long"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Belonged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belonging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>belongen</ets>

(akin to D. <ets>belangen</ets> to concern, G.

<ets>belangen</ets> to attain to, to concern); pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>longen</ets> to desire. See <er>Long</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <note>[Usually construed with

<xex>to</xex>.]</note> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be the property

<xex>of</xex>; <as>as, Jamaica <ex>belongs</ex> to Great

Britain</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be a part <xex>of</xex>, or connected

<xex>with</xex>; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or

service.</def>



<q>A desert place <qex>belonging</qex> to . . . Bethsaids.</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 10.</qau>



<q>The mighty men which <qex>belonged</qex> to David.</q>

<qau>1 Kings i. 8.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be the concern or proper business or function

<xex>of</xex>; to appertain <xex>to</xex>.</def> \'bdDo not

interpretations <xex>belong</xex> to God ?\'b8



<au>Gen. xl. 8.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be suitable <xex>for</xex>; to be due

<xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>Strong meat <qex>belongeth</qex> to them that are of full

age.</q>

<qau> Heb. v. 14.</qau>



<q>No blame <qex>belongs</qex> to thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be native <xex>to</xex>, or an inhabitant

<xex>of</xex>; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or

inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be

entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.</def>



<q>Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers

<qex>belong</qex>.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Be*long"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be

deserved by.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>More evils <qex>belong</qex> us than happen to us.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Be*long"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Commonly in the

<ets>pl</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which belongs to one;

that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects.</def>

\'bdThyself and thy <xex>belongings</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is connected with a principal or

greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Family; relations; household.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Few persons of her ladyship's <qex>belongings</qex> stopped,

before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Bel"o*nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> a needle.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Minute

acicular or dendritic crystalline forms sometimes observed in

glassy volcanic rocks.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel*oo"che Bel*oo"chee</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Beloochistan, or to its

inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A native or an

inhabitant of Beloochistan.</def></def2>



<hw>Be*lord"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To act the lord over.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To address by the title of \'bdlord\'b8.</def>



<hw>Be*love"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <pos>Beloved</pos>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bilufien</ets>. See

pref. <er>Be-</er>, and <er>Love</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To love.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wodroephe.</au>



<hw>Be*loved"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<def>Greatly loved; dear to the heart.</def>



<q>Antony, so well <qex>beloved</qex> of C\'91sar.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This is my <qex>beloved</qex> Son.</q>

<qau>Matt. iii. 17.</qau>



<hw>Be*lov"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One greatly

loved.</def>



<q>My <qex>beloved</qex> is mine, and I am his.</q>

<qau>Cant. ii. 16.</qau>



<hw>Be*low"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>low</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; <as>as,

<ex>below</ex> the moon; <ex>below</ex> the knee.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value,

amount, price, etc.; lower in quality.</def> \'bdOne degree

<xex>below</xex> kings.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath.</def>



<q>They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how

<qex>below</qex> all history the persons and their actions

were.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Who thinks no fact <qex>below</qex> his regard.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Underneath; under; beneath.</syn>



<hw>Be*low"</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a lower

place, with respect to any object; in a lower room;

beneath.</def>



<q>Lord Marmion waits <qex>below</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.</def>



<q>The fairest child of Jove <qex>below</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In hell, or the regions of the dead.</def>



<q>What businesss brought him to the realms <qex>below</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction;

<as>as, at the trial <ex>below</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Wheaton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In some part or page following.</def>



<hw>Be*lowt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat as

a lout; to talk abusively to.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>Bel"sire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bel-</ets> + <ets>sire</ets>. Cf. <er>Beldam</er>.]</ety>

<def>A grandfather, or ancestor.</def> \'bdHis great

<xex>belsir</xex>e Brute.\'b8 <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Bel"swag`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr.

from <ets>bellyswagger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lewd man; also, a

bully.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Belt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>belt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>belti</ets>, Sw.

<ets>b\'84lte</ets>, Dan. <ets>b\'91lte</ets>, OHG.

<ets>balz</ets>, L. <ets>balteus</ets>, Ir. & Gael.

<ets>balt</ets> bo<?/der, belt.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; <as>as, a

lady's <ex>belt</ex>; a sword <ex>belt</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The shining <qex>belt</qex> with gold inlaid.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which restrains or confines as a

girdle.</def>



<q>He cannot buckle his distempered cause

Within the <qex>belt</qex> of rule.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything that resembles a belt, or that

encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; <as>as, a

<ex>belt</ex> of trees; a <ex>belt</ex> of sand.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Band</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.   A very broad band is more properly termed a

<xex>belt</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>One of certain girdles or

zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed

to be of the nature of clouds.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A narrow passage or strait;

<as>as, the Great <ex>Belt</ex> and the Lesser <ex>Belt</ex>,

leading to the Baltic Sea</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A token or badge of knightly

rank.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A band of leather, or other

flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating

motion from one to the other.</def>  <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Pulley</er>.]</note>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>A band or stripe, as of

color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of

ridges.</def>



<cs><col>Belt lacing</col>, <cd>thongs used for lacing together

the ends of machine belting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Belt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Belted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Belting</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To encircle with, or as

with, a belt; to encompass; to surround.</def>



<q>A coarse black robe <qex>belted</qex> round the waist.</q>

<qau> C. Reade.</qau>



<q>They <qex>belt</qex> him round with hearts undaunted.</q>

<qau> Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To shear, as the buttocks and tails of

sheep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bel"tane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael.

<ets>bealltainn</ets>, <ets>bealltuinn</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The first day of May (Old Style).</def>



<q>The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas,

Candlemas, <qex>Beltane</qex>, and Lammas.</q>

<qau>New English Dict.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day

of May, in the observance of which great bonfires were kindled.

It still exists in a modified form in some parts of Scotland and

Ireland.</def>



<hw>Belt"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; <as>as, a

<ex>belted</ex> plaid; girt with a belt, as an honorary

distinction; <as>as, a <ex>belted</ex> knight</as>; a

<ex>belted</ex> earl.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Marked with a band or circle; <as>as, a

<ex>belted</ex> stalk</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Worn in, or suspended from, the belt.</def>



<q>Three men with <qex>belted</qex> brands.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Belted cattle</col>, <cd>cattle originally from Dutch

stock, having a broad band of white round the middle, while the

rest of the body is black; -- called also <altname>blanketed

cattle</altname>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bel"tein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bel"tin</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Beltane</er>.</def>



<hw>Belt"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The material

of which belts for machinery are made; also, belts, taken

collectively.</def>



<-- p. 136 -->



<hw>Be*lu"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>bieluga</ets> a sort of large sturgeon, prop. white fish,

fr. <ets>bieluii</ets> white.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

cetacean allied to the dolphins.</def>



<note><hand/ The northern <xex>beluga</xex> (<spn>Delphinapterus

catodon</spn>) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers.

It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.</note>



<hw>Be*lute"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beluted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Beluting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + L. <ets>lutum</ets> mud.]</ety> <def>To

bespatter, as with mud.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Bel`ve*dere"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

<ets>bello</ets>, <ets>bel</ets>, beautiful + <ets>vedere</ets>

to see.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A small building, or a

part of a building, more or less open, constructed in a place

commanding a fine prospect.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bel"ze*buth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Beelzebub</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spider

monkey (<spn>Ateles belzebuth</spn>) of Brazil.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> step, platform.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Antiq.)</fld> <def>A platform from which

speakers addressed an assembly.</def>



<au>Mitford.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of an

early Christian church which was reserved for the higher clergy;

the inner or eastern part of the chancel.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Erroneously: A pulpit.</def>



<hw>Be*mad"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Be*man"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

mangle; to tear asunder.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Beaumont.</au>



<hw>Be*mask"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mask; to

conceal.</def>



<hw>Be*mas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To master

thoroughly.</def>



<hw>Be*maul"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To maul or

beat severely; to bruise.</def> \'bdIn order to <xex>bemaul</xex>

Yorick.\'b8



<au>Sterne.</au>



<hw>Be*maze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bimasen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>masen</ets> to

maze.]</ety> <def>To bewilder.</def>



<q>Intellects <qex>bemazed</qex> in endless doubt.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Be*mean"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

mean; to lower.</def>



<au>C. Reade.</au>



<hw>Be*meet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bemet</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bemeeting</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To meet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Our very loving sister, well <qex>bemet</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*mete"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

mete.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*min"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

mingle; to mix.</def>



<hw>Be*mire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bemired</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bemiring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To drag through, encumber

with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by passing through mud or

dirt.</def>



<q><qex>Bemired</qex> and benighted in the dog.</q>

<qau> Burke.</qau>



<hw>Be*mist"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To envelop

in mist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*moan"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bemoaned</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bemoaning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bimenen</ets>,

AS. <ets>bem<?/nan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>m<?/nan</ets> to moan. See <er>Moan</er>.]</ety> <def>To

express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to

lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with.</def>



<q>Implores their pity, and his pain <qex>bemoans</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>



<hw>Be*moan"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bemoans.</def>



<hw>Be*mock"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mock; to

ridicule.</def>



<q><qex>Bemock</qex> the modest moon.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*moil"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>moil</ets>, fr. F. <ets>mouiller</ets> to

wet; but cf. also OE. <ets>bimolen</ets> to soil, fr. AS.

<ets>m\'bel</ets> spot: cf. E. <ets>mole</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

soil or encumber with mire and dirt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be"mol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82mol</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'82 <?/ + mol</ets> soft.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The sign <?/; the same as B flat.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*mon"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

monstrous or like a monster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*mourn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To mourn

over.</def>



<au> Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Be*mud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

muddle; to stupefy or bewilder; to confuse.</def>



<hw>Be*muf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover

as with a muffler; to wrap up.</def>



<q><qex>Bemuffled</qex> with the externals of religion.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<hw>Be*muse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To muddle,

daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor.</def>



<q>A parson much <qex>bemused</qex> in beer.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ben</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ben" nut`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Ar. <ets>b\'ben</ets>, name of the

tree.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The seed of one or more

species of moringa; <as>as, oil of <ex>ben</ex></as>. See

<er>Moringa</er>.</def>



<hw>Ben</hw>, <pos>adv. & prep.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>binnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + <ets>innan</ets>

within, <ets>in</ets> in.]</ety> <def>Within; in; in or into the

interior; toward the inner apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Ben</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Ben</er>,

<ets>adv</ets>.]</ety> <def>The inner or principal room in a hut

or house of two rooms; -- opposed to <xex>but</xex>, the outer

apartment.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Ben</hw>. <def>An old form of the <pos>pl. indic. pr.</pos>

of <er>Be</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*name"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Benamed</er>,

<er>Benempt</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To promise; to name.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Benches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bench</ets>, <ets>benk</ets>, AS. <ets>benc</ets>; akin to

Sw. <ets>b\'84nk</ets>, Dan <ets>b\'91nk</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bekkr</ets>, OS., D., & G. <ets>bank</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bank</er>, <er>Beach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long

seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.</def>



<q>Mossy <qex>benches</qex> supplied the place of chairs.</q>

<qau> Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long table at which mechanics and other work;

<as>as, a carpenter's <ex>bench</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The seat where judges sit in court.</def>



<q>To pluck down justice from your awful <qex>bench</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The persons who sit as judges; the court;

<as>as, the opinion of the full <ex>bench</ex></as>. See

<er>King's Bench</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the

public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on

benches or raised platforms.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of

flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or

river.</def>



<cs><col>Bench mark</col> <fld>(Leveling)</fld>, <cd>one of a

number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent

objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed.</cd> --

<col>Bench of bishops</col>, <cd>the whole body of English

prelates assembled in council.</cd> -- <col>Bench plane</col>,

<cd>any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat

surface, as jack planes, long planes.</cd> -- <col>Bench

show</col>, <cd>an exhibition of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Bench

table</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a projecting course at the

base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a

seat.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Benched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Benching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with

benches.</def>



<q>'T was <qex>benched</qex> with turf.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Stately theaters <qex>benched</qex> crescentwise.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place on a bench or seat of honor.</def>



<q>Whom I . . . have <qex>benched</qex> and reared to

worship.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bench</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To sit on a seat of

justice.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bench"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>One of the senior and governing

members of an Inn of Court.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An alderman of a corporation.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Ashmole.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A member of a court or council.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an

idler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bench" war`rant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a

person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so

called in distinction from a <xex>justice's warrant</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bended</er> or

<er>Bent</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>bendan</ets> to

bend, fr. <ets>bend</ets> a band, bond, fr. <ets>bindan</ets> to

bind. See <er>Bind</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. 3d & 4th

<er>Bend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strain or move out of a

straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve;

to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; <as>as, to

<ex>bend</ex> a bow; to <ex>bend</ex> the knee.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to

incline.</def> \'bd<xex>Bend</xex> thine ear to supplication.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Towards Coventry <qex>bend</qex> we our course.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Bending</qex> her eyes . . . upon her parent.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To apply closely or with interest; to

direct.</def>



<q>To <qex>bend</qex> his mind to any public business.</q>

<qau>Temple.</qau>



<q>But when to mischief mortals <qex>bend</qex> their will.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to yield; to render submissive; to

subdue.</def> \'bdExcept she <xex>bend</xex> her humor.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To fasten, as one rope to

another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the

ring of an anchor.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<cs><col>To bend the brow</col>, <cd>to knit the brow, as in deep

thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown.</cd></cs>



<au> Camden.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.</syn>



<hw>Bend</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be moved or

strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to

bow.</def>



<q>The green earth's end

Where the bowed welkin slow doth <qex>bend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To jut over; to overhang.</def>



<q>There is a cliff, whose high and <qex>bending</qex> head

Looks fearfully in the confined deep.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be inclined; to be directed.</def>



<q>To whom our vows and wished <qex>bend</qex>.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bow in prayer, or in token of

submission.</def>



<q>While each to his great Father <qex>bends</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Bend</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Bent</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper

direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; <as>as, a slight

<ex>bend</ex> of the body; a <ex>bend</ex> in a road.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Turn; purpose; inclination; ends.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my <qex>bend</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fletcher.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A knot by which one rope is

fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Leather Trade)</fld> <def>The best quality of

sole leather; a butt. See <er>Butt</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Hard, indurated clay;

bind.</def>



<cs><col>Bends of a ship</col>, <cd>the thickest and strongest

planks in her sides, more generally called <xex>wales<xex>. They

have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the

frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top

of the sides; as, the midship <xex>bend<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bend</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>bend</ets>. See

<er>Band</er>, and cf. the preceding noun.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A band.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[OF. <ets>bende</ets>, <ets>bande</ets>, F.

<ets>bande</ets>. See <er>Band</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a

fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the

dexter chief to the sinister base.</def>



<cs><col>Bend sinister</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>an honorable

ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter

base.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bend"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being bent.</def>



<hw>Bend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, bends.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument used for bending.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A drunken spree.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sixpence.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bend"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The marking of the clothes

with stripes or horizontal bands.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bend"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bend</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>: cf. E.

<ets>bandlet</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A narrow bend,

esp. one half the width of the bend.</def>



<hw>Bend"wise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Diagonally.</def>



<hw>Ben"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bend</er> a band.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Divided into

an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge.</def>



<au>Cussans.</au>



<hw>Ben"e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Benne</er>.</def>



<hw>Be"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/n</ets>.]</ety> <def>A prayer; boon.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>What is good for a bootless <qex>bene</qex> ?</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bene</hw>, <hw>Ben</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (<spn>Porcula

papuensis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Be*neaped"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See <er>Neaped</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>benethe</ets>, <ets>bineo<?/en</ets>, AS.

<ets>beneo<?/an</ets>, <ets>beny<?/an</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets>

+ <ets>neo<?/an</ets>, <ets>ny<?/an</ets>, downward, beneath,

akin to E. <ets>nether</ets>. See <er>Nether</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Lower in place, with something directly over or

on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of.</def>

\'bd<xex>Beneath</xex> the mount.\'b8



<au>Ex. xxxii. 19.</au>



<q><qex>Beneath</qex> a rude and nameless stone he lies.</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Under, in relation to something that is

superior, or that oppresses or burdens.</def>



<q>Our country sinks <qex>beneath</qex> the yoke.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than;

<as>as, brutes are <ex>beneath</ex> man; man is <ex>beneath</ex>

angels in the scale of beings</as>. Hence: Unworthy of;

unbecoming.</def>



<q>He will do nothing that is <qex>beneath</qex> his high

station.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<hw>Be*neath"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a lower place; underneath.</def>



<q>The earth you take from <qex>beneath</qex> will be barren.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior

region or position; <as>as, in earth <ex>beneath</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

(imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.]</ety> <def>A canticle

(the Latin version of which begins with this word) which may be

used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of England. It

is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter of

Daniel.</def>



<hw>\'d8Ben`e*dic"i*te</hw>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Benedicite</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>An exclamation

corresponding to <xex>Bless you</xex> !.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ben"e*dict</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ben"e*dick</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Benedick</ets>, one of the characters in Shakespeare's play

of  \'bdMuch Ado about Nothing.\'b8]</ety> <def>A married man, or

a man newly married.</def>



<hw>Ben"e*dict</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless.

See <er>Benison</er>, and cf. <er>Bennet</er>.]</ety> <def>Having

mild and salubrious qualities.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tine</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>

<def>One of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict

of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into

the United States in 1846.</def>



<note><hand/ The Benedictines wear black clothing, and are

sometimes called <xex>Black Monks</xex>. The name Black

<xex>Fr<?/<?/<?/<?/rs</xex> which belongs to the Dominicans, is

also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.</note>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>benedictio</ets>: cf. F. <ets>b\'82n\'82diction</ets>. See

<er>Benison</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

blessing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer,

or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or

affectionate invocation of happiness.</def>



<q>So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus

Followed with <qex>benediction</qex>.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<q>Homeward serenely she walked with God's <qex>benediction</qex>

upon her.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



Specifically: <def>The short prayer which closes public worship;

<as>as, to give the <ex>benediction</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>The form of instituting an

abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>A solemn rite by which

bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and

formally dedicated to God.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

book of benedictions.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tion*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

collected series of benedictions.</def>



<q>The <qex>benedictionary</qex> of Bishop Athelwold.</q>

<qau> G. Gurton's Needle.</qau>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"tive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Tending

to bless.</def>



<au> Gauden.</au>



<hw>Ben`e*dic"to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Expressing wishes for good; <as>as, a b<ex>enedictory</ex>

prayer</as>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>\'d8Ben`e*dic"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The

song of Zacharias at the birth of John the Baptist (<au>Luke i.

68</au>); -- so named from the first word of the Latin

version.</def>



<hw>Ben"e*dight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Blessed.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Ben`e*fac"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>benefactio</ets>, fr. <ets>benefacere</ets> to do good to

one; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See

<er>Benefit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of conferring a

benefit.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable

donation.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms.</syn>



<hw>Ben`e*fac"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>One who confers a benefit or benefits.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Ben`e*fac"tress</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who confers

a benefit.</def>



<q>His <qex>benefactress</qex> blushes at the deed.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Be*nef"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>beneficus</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety>

<def>Favorable; beneficent.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82n\'82fice</ets>, L. <ets>beneficium</ets>, a kindness ,

in LL. a grant of an estate, fr. L. <ets>beneficus</ets>

beneficent; <ets>bene</ets> well + <ets>facere</ets> to do. See

<er>Benefit</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A favor or benefit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Baxter.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Feudal Law)</fld> <def>An estate in lands; a

fief.</def>



<note><hand/ Such an estate was granted at first for life only,

and held on the mere good pleasure of the donor; but afterward,

becoming hereditary, it received the appellation of

<xex>fief</xex>, and the term <xex>benefice</xex> became

appropriated to church livings.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ecclesiastical living and church preferment,

as in the Church of England; a church endowed with a revenue for

the maintenance of divine service. See <er>Advowson</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ All church preferments are called

<xex>benefices</xex>, except bishoprics, which are called

<xex>dignities</xex>. But, ordinarily, the term

<xex>dignity</xex> is applied to bishoprics, deaneries,

archdeaconries, and prebendaryships; <xex>benefice</xex> to

parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.</note>



<hw>Ben"e*fice</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beneficed</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To endow with a

benefice.</def>  <note>[Commonly in the past participle.]</note>



<hw>Ben"e*ficed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Possessed

of a benefice o<?/ church preferment.</def>

\'bd<xex>Beneficed</xex> clergymen.\'b8



<au> Burke.</au>



<hw>Ben"e*fice*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

no benefice.</def> \'bd<xex>Beneficeless</xex> precisians.\'b8



<au>Sheldon.</au>



<hw>Be*nef"i*cence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>beneficentia</ets>, fr. <ets>beneficus</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>b\'82n\'82ficence</ets>. See <er>Benefice</er>.]</ety>

<def>The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or

charity; bounty springing from purity and goodness.</def>



<q>And whose <qex>beneficence</qex> no charge exhausts.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolence</er>.</syn>



<hw>Be*nef`i*cent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, a. Doing or producing

good; performing acts of kindness and charity; characterized by

beneficence.</def>



<q>The <qex>beneficent</qex> fruits of Christianity.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Benevolent</er>.</syn>



<hw>Be*nef`i*cen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to beneficence.</def>



<-- p. 137 -->



<hw>Be*nef"i*cent*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

beneficent manner; with beneficence.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>b\'82n\'82ficial</ets>, LL. <ets>beneficialis</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Conferring benefits; useful; profi<?/table;

helpful; advantageous; serviceable; contributing to a valuable

end; -- followed by <xex>to</xex>.</def>



<q>The war which would have been most <qex>beneficial</qex> to

us.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Receiving, or entitled to have

or receive, advantage, use, or benefit; <as>as, the

<ex>beneficial</ex> owner of an estate</as>.</def>



<au> Kent.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>King.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdA

<xex>beneficial</xex> foe.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Advantage</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a beneficial

or advantageous manner; profitably; helpfully.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"cial*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of

being beneficial; profitableness.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

F. <ets>b\'82n\'82ficiaire</ets>, LL.

<ets>beneficiarius</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Holding some

office or valuable possession, in subordination to another;

holding under a feudal or other superior; having a dependent and

secondary possession.</def>



<q>A feudatory or <qex>beneficiary</qex> king of England.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bestowed as a gratuity; <as>as,

<ex>beneficiary</ex> gifts</as>.</def>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Beneficiaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

feudatory or vassal; hence, one who holds a benefice and uses its

proceeds.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who receives anything as a gift; one who

receives a benefit or advantage; esp. one who receives help or

income from an educational fund or a trust estate.</def>



<q>The rich men will be offering sacrifice to their Deity whose

<qex>beneficiaries</qex> they are.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"ci*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>beneficia</ets>r to benefit, to work mines.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To reduce (ores).</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Ben`e*fi`ci*a"tion</wf> (<?/),

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ben`e*fi"cient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Beneficent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>benefet</ets>, <ets>benfeet</ets>, <ets>bienfet</ets>, F.

<ets>bienfait</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benefactum</ets>; bene well

(adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>factum</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>facere</ets> to do. See <er>Bounty</er>, and

<er>Fact</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An act of kindness; a

favor conferred.</def>



<q>Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his

<qex>benefits</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ps. ciii. 2.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Whatever promotes prosperity and personal

happiness, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.</def>



<q>Men have no right to what is not for their

<qex>benefit</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A theatrical performance, a concert, or the

like, the proceeds of which do not go to the lessee of the

theater or to the company, but to some individual actor, or to

some charitable use.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Beneficence; liberality.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Webster  (1623).</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <plu>pl.</plu> <def>Natural advantaged; endowments;

accomplishments.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe

<xex>benefits</xex> of your own country.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Benefit of clergy</col>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Clergy</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Profit; service; use; avail. See

<er>Advantage</er>.</syn>



<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Benefited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Benefitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be beneficial to; to

do good to; to advantage; to advance in health or prosperity; to

be useful to; to profit.</def>



<q>I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would

<qex>benefit</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Jer. xviii. 10.</qau>



<hw>Ben"e*fit</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To gain advantage; to

make improvement; to profit; <as>as, he will <ex>benefit</ex> by

the change</as>.</def>



<hw>Ben"e*fit`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

confers a benefit; -- also, one who receives a benefit.</def>



<hw>Be*neme"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ben<?/man</ets>. Cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety> <def>To deprive

(<xex>of</xex>), or take away (<xex>from</xex>).</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*nempt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Bename</er>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Promised; vowed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Named; styled.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Be`ne plac"i*to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It.

<ets>beneplacito</ets> pleasure, fr. L. <ets>bene</ets> well +

<ets>placitus</ets> pleasing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At or

during pleasure.</def>



<q>For our English judges there never was . . . any <qex>bene

placito</qex> as their tenure.</q>

<qau> F. Harrison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>At pleasure; ad libitum.</def>



<hw>Be*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Benetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To catch in a net; to

insnare.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*nev"o*lence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>benevolence</ets>, L. <ets>benevolentia</ets>. See

<er>Benevolent</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The disposition to

do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied

with a desire to promote their happiness.</def>



<q>The wakeful <qex>benevolence</qex> of the gospel.</q>

<qau>Chalmers.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of kindness; good done; charity

given.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A species of compulsory contribution or tax,

which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of

England, and falsely represented as a gratuity.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolence</er>, <er>Beneficence</er>,

<er>Munificence</er>.</syn>  <usage><xex>Benevolence</xex> marks

a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of

others. <xex>Beneficence</xex> marks the working of this

disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale.

<xex>Munificence</xex> shows the same disposition, but acting on

a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are

not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may

show his <xex>munificence</xex> in presents of pictures or

jewelry, but this would not be <xex>beneficence</xex>.

<xex>Benevolence</xex> of heart; <xex>beneficence</xex> of life;

<xex>munificence</xex> in the encouragement of letters.</usage>



<hw>Be*nev"o*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>benevolens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>; <ets>bene</ets> well

(adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) + <ets>volens</ets>, <pos>p.

pr.</pos> of <ets>volo</ets> I will, I wish. See <er>Bounty</er>,

and <er>Voluntary</er>.]</ety> <def>Having a disposition to do

good; possessing or manifesting love to mankind, and a desire to

promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to good

objects; kind; charitable.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*nev"o*lent*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Benevolent</er>, <er>Beneficent</er>.</syn>

<usage> Etymologically considered, <xex>benevolent</xex> implies

<xex>wishing</xex> well to others, and <xex>beneficent</xex>,

<xex>doing</xex> well. But by degrees the word

<xex>benevolent</xex> has been widened to include not only

feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of <xex>benevolent</xex>

operations, <xex>benevolent</xex> labors for the public good,

<xex>benevolent</xex> societies. In like manner,

<xex>beneficent</xex> is now often applied to feelings; thus, we

speak of the <xex>beneficent</xex> intentions of a donor. This

extension of the terms enables us to mark nicer shades of

meaning. Thus, the phrase \'bd<xex>benevolent</xex> labors\'b8

turns attention to the <xex>source</xex> of these labors, viz.,

<xex>benevolent</xex> feeling; while <xex>beneficent</xex> would

simply mark them as productive of good. So,

\'bd<xex>beneficent</xex> intentions\'b8 point to the feelings of

the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while

\'bd<xex>benevolent</xex> intentions\'b8 would only denote a

general wish and design to do good.</usage>



<hw>Be*nev"o*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>benevolus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Kind; benevolent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Puller.</au>



<hw>Ben*gal"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally

brought from Bengal.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal;

Bengal stripes.</def>



<cs><col>Bengal light</col>, <cd>a firework containing niter,

sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid

colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; --

called also <altname>blue light</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bengal

stripes</col>, <cd>a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored

stripes. See <er>Bengal</er>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Bengal tiger</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>. <cd>See <er>Tiger</er>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ben*gal"ee</hw>, <hw>Ben*gal"i</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The language spoken in

Bengal.</def>



<hw>Ben`gal*ese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bengal.</def> -- <def2><pos>n. sing. & pl</pos>. A

native or natives of Bengal.</def></def2>



<hw>Ben*go"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A Bengal

light.</def>



<hw>Be*night"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Benighted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Benighting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night;

to obscure.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The clouds <qex>benight</qex> the sky.</q>

<qau> Garth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To overtake with night or darkness, especially

before the end of a day's journey or task.</def>



<q>Some virgin, sure, . . . <qex>benighted</qex> in these

woods.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to

debar from intellectual light.</def>



<q>Shall we to men <qex>benighted</qex>

The lamp of life deny ?</q>

<qau> Heber.</qau>



<hw>Be*night"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition of being benighted.</def>



<hw>Be*nign"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>benigne</ets>, <ets>bening</ets>, OF. <ets>benigne</ets>, F.

<ets>b\'82nin</ets>, fem. <ets>b\'82nigne</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>benignus</ets>, contr. from <ets>benigenus</ets>;

<ets>bonus</ets> good + root of <ets>genus</ets> kind. See

<er>Bounty</er>, and <er>Genus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a

kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable;

benignant.</def>



<q>Creator bounteous and <qex>benign</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness,

favor, etc.; mild; kindly; salutary; wholesome.</def>



<q>Kind influences and <qex>benign</qex> aspects.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of a mild type or character; <as>as, a

<ex>benign</ex> disease</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious;

favorable salutary; gracious; liberal.</syn>



<hw>Be*nig"nan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Benignant

quality; kindliness.</def>



<hw>Be*nig"nant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>benignans</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>benignare</ets>,

from L. <ets>benignus</ets>. See <er>Benign</er>.]</ety>

<def>Kind; gracious; favorable.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*nig"nant*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*nig"ni*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>benignite</ets>, F. <ets>b\'82nignit\'82</ets>, OF.

<ets>b\'82nignet\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benignitas</ets>. See

<er>Benign</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness.</def>

\'bd<xex>Benignity</xex> of aspect.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Mildness; gentleness.</def>



<q>The <qex>benignity</qex> or inclemency of the season.</q>

<qau> Spectator.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Salubrity; wholesome quality.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Be*nign"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

benign manner.</def>



<hw>Be*nim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beniman</ets>. See <er>Benumb</er>, and cf.

<er>Nim</er>.]</ety> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ire . . . <qex>benimeth</qex> the man fro God.</q>

<qau> Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Ben"i*son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>beneysun</ets>, <ets>benesoun</ets>, OF.

<ets>bene\'8b<?/un</ets>, <ets>bene\'8bson</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>benedictio</ets>, fr. <ets>benedicere</ets> to bless;

<ets>bene</ets> (adv. of <ets>bonus</ets> good) +

<ets>dicere</ets> to say. See <er>Bounty</er>, and

<er>Diction</er>, and cf. <er>Benediction</er>.]</ety>

<def>Blessing; beatitude; benediction.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>More precious than the <qex>benison</qex> of friends.</q>

<qau>Talfourd.</qau>



<hw>\'d8B\'82*ni"tier`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>b\'82nir</ets> to bless.]</ety> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>

<def>A holy-water stoup.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

from <ets>benzoin</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Benzoin</er>.</def>



<hw>Ben"ja*min</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of upper coat for

men.</def> <mark>[Colloq. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Ben"ja*mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

descendant of Benjamin; one of the tribe of Benjamin.</def>



<au>Judg. iii. 15.</au>



<hw>Ben"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Malay

<ets>bijen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of two

plants (<spn>Sesamum orientale</spn> and <spn>S. indicum</spn>),

originally Asiatic; -- also called <xex>oil plant</xex>. From

their seeds an oil is expressed, called <xex>benne oil</xex>,

used mostly for making soap. In the southern United States the

seeds are used in candy.</def>



<hw>Ben"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>beno\'8cte</ets>, fr. L. <ets>benedicta</ets>, fem. of

<ets>benedictus</ets>, p. p., blessed. See <er>Benedict</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common

yellow-flowered avens of Europe (<spn>Geum urbanum</spn>); herb

bennet. The name is sometimes given to other plants, as the

hemlock, valerian, etc.</def>



<hw>Ben"shee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Banshee</er>.</def>



<hw>Bent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bend</er>.</def>



<hw>Bent</hw>, <pos>a. & p. p.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Changed by

pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; <as>as, a

<ex>bent</ex> pin; a <ex>bent</ex> lever.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be

resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character,

disposition, desires, etc., and used with <xex>on</xex>; <as>as,

to be <ex>bent</ex> on going to college; he is <ex>bent</ex> on

mischief.</as></def>



<hw>Bent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bend</er>,

<pos>n.</pos> & <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line;

flexure; curvity; <as>as, the <ex>bent</ex> of a bow</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wilkins.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A declivity or slope, as of a hill.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind;

inclination; disposition; purpose; aim.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>With a native <qex>bent</qex> did good pursue.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Particular direction or tendency; flexion;

course.</def>



<q><qex>Bents</qex> and turns of the matter.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A transverse frame of a

framed structure.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The full <qex>bent</qex> and stress of the soul.</q>

<qau>Norris.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Predilection; turn.</syn>  <usage><er>Bent</er>,

<er>Bias</er>, <er>Inclination</er>, <er>Prepossession</er>.

These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the

mind which tends to decide its actions. <xex>Bent</xex> denotes a

fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest

of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the

affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole <xex>bent</xex> of

his character was toward evil practices. <xex>Bias</xex> is

literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling,

and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used

figuratively, <xex>bias</xex> applies particularly to the

judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force

on the character through that faculty; as, the <xex>bias</xex> of

early education, early habits, etc. <xex>Inclination</xex> is an

excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong

<xex>inclination</xex> to the study of the law.

<xex>Prepossession</xex> is a mingled state of feeling and

opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold

of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is

commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this

kind being denominated a <xex>prejudice</xex>. \'bdStrong minds

will be strongly <xex>bent</xex>, and usually labor under a

strong <xex>bias</xex>; but there is no mind so weak and

powerless as not to have its <xex>inclinations</xex>, and none so

guarded as to be without its

<xex>prepossessions</xex>.\'b8</usage>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Bent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beonet</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>pinuz</ets>, G.

<ets>binse</ets>, rush, bent grass; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse

grass.</def>



<q>His spear a <qex>bent</qex>, both stiff and strong.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A grass of the genus

<xex>Agrostis</xex>, esp. <xex>Agrostis vulgaris</xex>, or

redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in

America.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any neglected field or broken ground; a common;

a moor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<q>Bowmen bickered upon the <qex>bent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chevy Chase.</qau>



<hw>Bent" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same

as <er>Bent</er>, a kind of grass.</def>



<hw>Ben"thal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> the depth of the sea.]</ety> <def>Relating to the

deepest zone or region of the ocean.</def>



<hw>Ben*tham"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bentham or Benthamism.</def>



<hw>Ben"tham*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That phase

of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy Bentham; the

doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and determined

by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to

pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which

influence human desires and actions, and that these are the

sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.</def>



<hw>Ben"tham*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

believes in Benthamism.</def>



<hw>Bent"ing time"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The season when

pigeons are said to feed on bents, before peas are ripe.</def>



<q>Bare <qex>benting times</qex> . . . may come.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bent"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bounding in bents, or the stalks of coarse, stiff, withered

grass; <as>as, <ex>benty</ex> fields</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Resembling bent.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Be*numb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Benumbed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Benumbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>binomen</ets>, p.

p. of <ets>binimen</ets> to take away, AS. <ets>beniman</ets>;

pref. <ets>be</ets> + <ets>niman</ets> to take. See

<er>Numb</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Benim</er>.]</ety>

<def>To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to

stupefy; <as>as, a hand or foot <ex>benumbed</ex> by

cold</as>.</def>



<q>The creeping death <qex>benumbed</qex> her senses first.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Be*numbed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made torpid;

numbed; stupefied; deadened; <as>as, a <ex>benumbed</ex> body and

mind</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*numbed"ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*numb"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act of

benumbing, or state of being benumbed; torpor.</def>



<au> Kirby.</au>



<hw>Ben"zal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance,<?/

C6H5.CO. NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of

benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl

compounds.</def>



<hw>Ben*zam"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Benz</ets>oin + <ets>amide</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A transparent crystalline substance,

C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of

benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl

compounds.</def>



<hw>Ben"zene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A volatile, very

inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by

the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated

by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to

the impure commercial product or <xex>benzole</xex>, and also,

but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Benzene nucleus</col>, <col>Benzene

ring</col></mcol> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a closed chain or ring,

consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom

attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds

are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as

representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule,

C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are

formed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ben"zile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A yellowish

crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by

the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled

benzoyl radical.</def>



<hw>Ben"zine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Benzoin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile

hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and

for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also <altname>petroleum

spirit</altname>, <altname>petroleum benzine</altname>. Varieties

or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin,

etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Same as <er>Benzene</er>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The hydrocarbons of <xex>benzine</xex> proper are

essentially of the marsh gas series, while <xex>benzene</xex>

proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.</note>



<hw>Ben"zo*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>benzoate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed

by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base.</def>



<-- p. 138 -->



<hw>Ben*zo"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>benzo\'8bque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained

from, benzoin.</def>



<cs><col>Benzoic acid</col>, <cd>or <xex>flowers of benzoin<xex>,

a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and

some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found

in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes

in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its

taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous.</cd> -- <col>Benzoic

aldehyde</col>, <cd>oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde,

C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl

alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless

liquid.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ben*zoin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>benjoin</ets>, Sp. <ets>benjui</ets>, Pg.

<ets>beijoin</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>lub\'ben-j\'bew\'c6</ets>

incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable

being lost. Cf. Benjamin.]</ety> <note>[Called also

<altname>benjamin</altname>.]</note> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A resinous

substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the <spn>Styrax

benzoin</spn>, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant

odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation

of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A white crystalline substance,

<chform>C14H12O2</chform>, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and

some other sources.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The spicebush (<spn>Lindera

benzoin</spn>).</def>



<cs><col>Flowers of benzoin</col>, <cd>benzoic acid. See under

<er>Benzoic</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ben*zoin"a*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Containing or impregnated with benzoin;

<as>as, <ex>benzoinated</ex> lard</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ben"zole Ben"zol</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Benzoin</ets> + L. <ets>ol</ets>eum

oil.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An impure benzene, used in

the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See

<er>Benzene</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ It has great solvent powers, and is used by

manufacturers of India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning

soiled kid gloves, and for other purposes.</note>



<hw>Ben"zo*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Same as

<er>Benzole</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Same as

<er>Amarine</er>.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Ben"zoyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + Gr. <?/ wood. See <er>-yl</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical,

<chform>C6H5.CO</chform>; the base of benzoic acid, of the oil of

bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds.</def>

<altsp>[Formerly written also <asp>benzule</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Ben"zyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Benzoic</ets> + <ets>-yl</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound radical,

<chform>C6H5.CH2</chform>, related to toluene and benzoic acid;

-- commonly used adjectively.</def>



<hw>Be*paint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To paint;

to cover or color with, or as with, paint.</def>



<q>Else would a maiden blush <qex>bepaint</qex> my cheek.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*pelt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To pelt

roundly.</def>



<hw>Be*pinch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bepinched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To pinch, or mark with

pinches.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Be*plas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beplastered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beplastering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To plaster over; to

cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.</def>



<q><qex>Beplastered</qex> with rouge.</q>

<qau> Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Be*plumed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Decked with

feathers.</def>



<hw>Be*pom"mel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bepommeled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bepommeling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To pommel; to beat, as

with a stick; figuratively, to assail or criticise in

conversation, or in writing.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Be*pow"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.</def>



<hw>Be*praise"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To praise

greatly or extravagantly.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Be*prose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reduce

to prose.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdTo <xex>beprose</xex> all

rhyme.\'b8



<au>Mallet.</au>



<hw>Be*puffed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Puffed;

praised.</def>



<au> Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Be*pur"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tinge

or dye with a purple color.</def>



<hw>Be*queath"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bequeathed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bequeathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biquethen</ets>, AS. <ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to say, affirm,

bequeath; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>cwe<?/an</ets> to say,

speak. See <er>Quoth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give or

leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of

personal property.</def>



<q>My heritage, which my dead father did <qex>bequeath</qex> to

me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hand down; to transmit.</def>



<q>To <qex>bequeath</qex> posterity somewhat to remember it.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give; to offer; to commit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To whom, with all submission, on my knee

I do <qex>bequeath</qex> my faithful services

And true subjection everlastingly.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Devise</er>.</syn> 

<usage>Both these words denote the giving or disposing of

property by will. <xex>Devise</xex>, in legal usage, is property

used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it

is given is called the <xex>devisee</xex>. <xex>Bequeath</xex> is

properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; <it>i. e.</it>, of

personal property; the gift is called a <xex>legacy</xex>, and he

who receives it is called a <xex>legatee</xex>. In popular usage

the word <xex>bequeath</xex> is sometimes enlarged so as to

embrace <xex>devise</xex>; and it is sometimes so construed by

courts.</usage>



<hw>Be*queath"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of being bequeathed.</def>



<hw>Be*queath"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest.</def>



<au> Fuller.</au>



<hw>Be*queath"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a

bequest.</def>



<hw>Be*quest"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biquest</ets>, corrupted fr. <ets>bequide</ets>; pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + AS. <ets>cwide</ets> a saying,

<ets>becwe<?/an</ets> to bequeath. The ending <ets>-est</ets> is

probably due to confusion with <ets>quest</ets>. See

<er>Bequeath</er>, <er>Quest</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of bequeathing or leaving by will; <as>as, a <ex>bequest</ex>

of property by A</as>. to B.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is left by will, esp. personal

property; a legacy; also, a gift.</def>



<hw>Be*quest"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bequeath, or leave

as a legacy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdAll I have to

<xex>bequest</xex>.\'b8



<au>Gascoigne.</au>



<hw>Be*queth"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def>old <pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bequeath</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*quote"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To quote

constantly or with great frequency.</def>



<hw>Be*rain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Berained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beraining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To rain upon; to wet with

rain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*rate"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> Berated; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> Berating.]</wordforms> <def>To rate or chide vehemently;

to scold.  Holland. Motley.</def>



<hw>Be*rat"tle</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*ray"</hw> (?)  <pos>v.t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. be + ray to

defile]</ety> <def>TO make foul; to soil; to defile.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Milton.</au>



<hw>\'d8Berbe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Berber,

Barb a Barbary horse.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.</def>



<hw>Ber"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

Barbary.]</ety> <def>A member of a race somewhat resembling the

Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the

inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean

southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of

that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by

this people.</def>



<hw>Ber"ber*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow

substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other

plants.</def>



<hw>Ber"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>n.</pos><def>See

Barberry.</def>



<hw>Ber"dash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>n.</pos>A kind of

neckcloth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A treatise against the cravat and <qex>berdash</qex>.

<qau>Steele.</qau>



<hw>Bere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

OIcel. <ets>berja</ets> to strike.]</ety> To pierce.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>   Chaucer.</def>



<hw>Bere</hw><def>,<pos>n.</pos>See Bear, barley.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Be*reave"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bereaved</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, <er>Bereft</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bereaving.</er>]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bireven</ets>, AS. <ets>bere\'a0fian</ets>. See

<er>Be-</er>, and <er>Reave.</er>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with

of before the person or thing taken away.</def>



<q>Madam, you have <qex>bereft</qex> me of all words.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Bereft</qex> of him who taught me how to sing.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take away from.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>All your interest in those territories

Is utterly <qex>bereft</qex> you; all is lost.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take away.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Shall move you to <qex>bereave</qex> my life.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<note><hand/ The imp. and past pple. form <xex>bereaved</xex> is

not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say

<xex>bereaved</xex> or <xex>bereft</xex> by death of a relative,

<xex>bereft</xex> of hope and strength.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.</syn>



<hw>Be*reave"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by

death.</def>



<hw>Be*reav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bereaves.</def>



<hw>Be*reft"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <def>of

Bereave.</def>



<hw>Be*ret"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

Berretta.</def>



<hw>Berg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<root/95. See

Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.]</ety> <def>A large mass or hill,

as of ice.</def>



<q>Glittering <qex>bergs</qex> of ice.</q>  <qau>Tennyson</qau>.



<hw>Ber"ga*mot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg

arm<?/di a lord's pear.]</ety> <sn>1</sn> . <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tree of the Orange family (<spn>Citrus

bergamia</spn>), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the

rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted,

much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. <sd>(b)</sd> A variety

of mint (<spn>Mentha aquatica, <var/. glabrata</spn>).</def>



<sn>2.</sn>   <def>The essence or perfume made from the

fruit.</def>



<sn>3.</sn>   <def>A variety of pear.</def> <au>Johnson</au>.



<sn>4.</sn>   <def>A variety of snuff perfumed with

bergamot.</def>



<q>The better hand . . . gives the nose its

<qex>bergamot</qex>.</q> <qau>Cowper</qau>.



<sn>5.</sn>   <def>A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of

cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have

been invented at Bergamo, Italy.  Encyc. Brit.</def>



<cs><col>Wild bergamot</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American

herb of the Mint family (<spn>Monarda fistulosa</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Ber"gan*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Berg, for

burrow + gander a male goose ? Cf. G. bergente, Dan.

gravgaas.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European duck

(<spn>Anas tadorna</spn>). See Sheldrake.</def>



<hw>Ber"ger*et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.]</ety> <def>A pastoral

song.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bergh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

beorg.]</ety> <def>A hill.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Berg"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

Barmaster.</def>



<hw>Berg"meal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G. berg

mountain + mehl meal.]</ety> <def>(Min.) An earthy substance,

resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria,

and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or

ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given

to a white powdery variety of calcite.</def>



<hw>Berg"mote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barmote</er>.</def>



<hw>Ber"go*mask</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A rustic

dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy,

once noted for their clownishness.</def>



<hw>Ber"gylt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Norway haddock.

See Rosefish.</def>



<hw>Be*rhyme"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> Berhymed <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> Berhyming.]</wordforms> <def>To

mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about.</def> 

<note>[Sometimes use depreciatively.]</note> <au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Be`ri*be"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Singhalese <ets>beri</ets> weakness.]</ety> <def>An acute

disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple

inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular

debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.</def>



<hw>Be*rime"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

berhyme.</def>  <note>[The earlier and etymologically preferable

spelling.]</note>



<hw>Berke*le"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>a.</pos>Of or

relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; <as>as,

Berkeleian philosophy</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Berke"ley*ism</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Ber"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The capital of

Prussia]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A four-wheeled carriage, having a

sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in

the 17th century, at Berlin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; --

called also Berlin wool.</def>



<cs><col>Berlin black</col>, <cd>a black varnish, drying with

almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of

ironware.</cd> <au>Ure.</au> -- <col>Berlin blue</col>,

<cd>Prussian blue.</cd> <au>Ure</au>. -- <col>Berlin green</col>,

<cd>a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar

to Prussian blue.</cd> -- <col>Berlin iron</col>, <cd>a very

fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other

delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or

lacquered in imitation of bronze.</cd> -- <col>Berlin shop</col>,

<cd>a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials

for such work.</cd> -- <col>Berlin work</col>, <cd>worsted

embroidery.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Berm</hw> <hw>Berme</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>berme</ets>, of German origin; cf. G.

<ets>brame</ets>, <ets>br\'84me</ets>, border, akin to E.

<ets>brim</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A

narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the

ditch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engineering)</fld> <def>A ledge at the bottom

of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the

slope, or to strengthen the bank.</def>



<hw>Ber*mu"da grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

kind of grass (<spn>Cynodon Dactylon</spn>) esteemed for pasture

in the Southern United States.  It is a native of Southern

Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also

<altname>scutch grass</altname>, and in Bermuda, <altname>devil

grass</altname>.</def>



<hw>Ber"na*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barnacle</er>.</def>



<hw>Ber"na fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus <spn>Trypeta</spn>, which

lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast,

where the larv\'91 do great injury.</def>



<hw>Ber"nar*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian

monks.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A Cistercian

monk.</def></def2>



<hw>Ber*nese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to

the city o<?/ canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its

inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos> <def>A

native or natives of Bern.</def></def2>



<hw>Ber"ni*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bernak</ets>, <ets>bernacle</ets>; cf. OF.

<ets>bernac</ets>; prob. fr. LL. <ets>bernacula</ets> for

<ets>hibernicula</ets>, <ets>bernicula</ets>, fr.

<ets>Hibernia</ets>; the birds coming from <ets>Hibernia</ets> or

Ireland. Cf. 1st <er>Barnacle</er>.]</ety> <def>A bernicle

goose.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>barnacle</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Bernicle goose</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a goose

(<spn>Branta leucopsis</spn>), of Arctic Europe and America. It

was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the

sea (<spn>Lepas</spn>), which were, therefore, called barnacles,

goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other

related species. See <er>Anatifa</er> and

<er>Cirripedia</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ber*nouse"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Some as

<er>Burnoose</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*rob"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To rob; to

plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Ber"o*e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Beroe</ets>, one of the Oceanid\'91 Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf.

F. <ets>bero\'82</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the

Ctenophora.</def>



<hw>Ber*ret"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It., fr.

LL. <ets>birrettum</ets>, <ets>berretum</ets>, a cap, dim. of L.

<ets>birrus</ets>, <ets>birrum</ets>, a cloak to keep off rain,

cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> tawny, red: cf. Sp. <ets>birreta</ets>,

Pg. <ets>barrete</ets>, and E. <er>Barret</er>.]</ety> <def>A

square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A

cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is

black, except that a bishop's is lined with green.</def>

<altsp>[Also spelt <asp>beretta</asp>, <asp>biretta</asp>,

etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Ber"ried</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with

berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; <as>as, a

<ex>berried</ex> shrub</as>.</def>



<hw>Ber"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Berries</plw>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>berie</ets>, AS.

<ets>berie</ets>, <ets>berige</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bes</ets>,

G. <ets>beere</ets>, OS. and OHG. <ets>beri</ets>, Icel.

<ets>ber</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, Goth. <ets>basi</ets>, and

perh. Skr. <ets>bhas</ets> to eat.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry,

mulberry, huckleberry, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small fruit that is pulpy or

succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp,

as the currant, grape, blueberry.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The coffee bean.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One of the ova or eggs of a fish.</def>



<au>Travis.</au>



<cs><col>In berry</col>, <cd>containing ova or spawn.</cd></cs>



<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Berried</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Berrying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To bear or produce

berries.</def>



<hw>Ber"ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>beorh</ets>. See

<er>Barrow</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>A mound; a hillock.</def>



<au>W. Browne.</au>



<hw>Ber"ry*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seeking for or

gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Ber"serk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Ber"serk*er</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>berserkr</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Scand. Myth.)</fld>

<def>One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by

intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who fights as if frenzied, like a

Berserker.</def>



<hw>Bers"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bristle</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Berth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the root of

<ets>bear</ets> to produce, like <ets>birth</ets> nativity. See

<er>Birth</er>.]</ety> <altsp>[Also written

<asp>birth</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Convenient sea

room.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A room in which a number of the

officers or ship's company mess and reside.</def> <sd>(c)</sd>

<def>The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a

wharf.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An allotted place; an appointment; situation or

employment.</def> \'bdHe has a good <xex>berth</xex>.\'b8



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or

shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car,

for sleeping in.</def>



<cs><col>Berth deck</col>, <cd>the deck next below the lower gun

deck.</cd> <au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au> -- <mcol><col>To give</col>

(the land or any object) <col>a wide berth</col></mcol>, <cd>to

keep at a distance from it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Berth</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Berthed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Berthing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give

an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth;

<as>as, she was <ex>berthed</ex> stem to stern with the

Adelaide</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard;

<as>as, to <ex>berth</ex> a ship's company</as>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Ber"tha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>berthe</ets>, fr. <ets>Berthe</ets>, a woman's name.]</ety>

<def>A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.</def>



<hw>Berth"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place for

mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.</def>



<hw>Ber"thi*er*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Berthier</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of

a dark steel-gray color.</def>



<hw>Berth"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer

strake.</def>



<au>Smyth.</au>



<hw>Ber"tram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted fr.

L. <ets>pyrethrum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a hot spicy plant,

fr. <ets><?/</ets> fire.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pellitory

of Spain (<spn>Anacyclus pyrethrum</spn>).</def>



<-- p. 139 -->



<hw>Ber"y*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[NL.

<ets>beryx</ets>, the name of the typical genus +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the <xex>Berycid\'91</xex>, a family of marine

fishes.</def>



<hw>Ber"yl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82ryl</ets>, OF. beril, L. <ets>beryllus</ets>, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, prob. fr. Skr. <ets>vaid<?/rya</ets>. Cf.

<er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of

great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs

in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color,

but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium

and glucinum (beryllium). The <xex>aquamarine</xex> is a

transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The

<xex>emerald</xex> is another variety highly prized in jewelry,

and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the

presence of a little oxide of chromium.</def>



<hw>Ber"yl*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

beryl; of a light or bluish green color.</def>



<hw>Be*ryl"li*um</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A metallic element found

in the beryl. See <er>Glucinum</er>.</def>



<hw>Ber"yl*loid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Beryl</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crystallog.)</fld> <def>A solid consisting of a double

twelve-sided pyramid; -- so called because the planes of this

form occur on crystals of beryl.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*saiel"</hw>, <hw>Be*saile"</hw>, <hw>Be*sayle"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>beseel</ets>, F. <ets>bisa\'8beul</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + LL. <ets>avolus</ets>, dim. of L.

<ets>avus</ets> grandfather.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

great-grandfather.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A kind of writ which formerly

lay where a great-grandfather died seized of lands in fee simple,

and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept

the heir out. This is now abolished.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Be*saint"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a

saint of.</def>



<hw>Be*sant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bezant</er>.</def>



<hw>Bes-ant"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bez-antler</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*scat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To scatter over.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to

strew.</def> \'bdWith flowers <xex>bescattered</xex>.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Be*scorn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat

with scorn.</def> \'bdThen was he <xex>bescorned</xex>.\'b8



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*scratch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To tear

with the nails; to cover with scratches.</def>



<hw>Be*scrawl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover

with scrawls; to scribble over.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*screen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover

with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*scrib"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

scribble over.</def> \'bd<xex>Bescribbled</xex> with

impertinences.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*scum"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Be*scum"mer</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets>

+ <ets>scumber</ets>, <ets>scummer</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

discharge ordure or dung upon.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Be*see"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bese\'a2n</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/e\'a2n</ets>

to see.]</ety> <def>To see; to look; to mind.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Be*seech"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besought</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beseeching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisechen</ets>,

<ets>biseken</ets> (akin to G. <ets>besuchen</ets> to visit);

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sechen</ets>, <ets>seken</ets>, to

seek. See <er>Seek</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To ask or

entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.</def>



<q>I <qex>beseech</qex> you, punish me not with your hard

thoughts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>But Eve . . . <qex>besought</qex> his peace.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To beg; to crave.</syn> <usage> -- <er>To

Beseech</er>, <er>Entreat</er>, <er>Solicit</er>,

<er>Implore</er>, <er>Supplicate</er>. These words agree in

marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To

<xex>solicit</xex> is to make a request, with some degree of

earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior.

To <xex>entreat</xex> implies greater urgency, usually enforced

by adducing reasons or arguments. To <xex>beseech</xex> is still

stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and

imagination. To <xex>implore</xex> denotes increased fervor of

entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To

<xex>supplicate</xex> expresses the extreme of entreaty, and

usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive

<xex>supplicates</xex> a conqueror to spare his life. Men

<xex>solicit</xex> by virtue of their interest with another; they

<xex>entreat</xex> in the use of reasoning and strong

representations; they <xex>beseech</xex> with importunate

earnestness; they <xex>implore</xex> from a sense of overwhelming

distress; they <xex>supplicate</xex> with a feeling of the most

absolute inferiority and dependence.</usage>



<hw>Be*seech"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Solicitation;

supplication.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*seech"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

beseeches.</def>



<hw>Be*seech"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Entreating urgently;

imploring; <as>as, a <ex>beseeching</ex> look</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*seech"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Be*seech"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*seech"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of beseeching or entreating earnestly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Goodwin.</au>



<hw>Be*seek"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

beseech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*seem"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beseemed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beseeming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>seem</ets>.]</ety> <def>Literally: To appear or seem

(<xex>well</xex>, <xex>ill</xex>, <xex>best</xex>, etc.) for

(one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper

for, or worthy of; to become; to befit.</def>



<q>A duty well <qex>beseeming</qex> the preachers.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>What form of speech or behavior <qex>beseemeth</qex> us, in

our prayers to God ?</q>

<qau> Hocker.</qau>



<hw>Be*seem"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To seem; to appear; to

be fitting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdAs <xex>beseemed</xex>

best.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Appearance;

look; garb.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I . . .  did company these three in poor

<qex>beseeming</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Comeliness.</def>



<au>Baret.</au>



<hw>Be*seem"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Becoming;

suitable.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*seem"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Be*seem"ing*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*seem"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fit; suitable;

becoming.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>In <qex>beseemly</qex> order sitten there.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<hw>Be*seen"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Properly the

p. p. of <ets>besee</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Seen; appearing.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Decked or adorned; clad.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Accomplished; versed.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Be*set"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beset</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Besetting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>besettan</ets> (akin to OHG. <ets>bisazjan</ets>, G.

<ets>besetzen</ets>, D. <ets>bezetten</ets>); pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>settan</ets> to set. See

<er>Set</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set or stud (anything)

with ornaments or prominent objects.</def>



<q>A robe of azure <qex>beset</qex> with drops of gold.</q>

<qau> Spectator.</qau>



<q>The garden is so <qex>beset</qex> with all manner of sweet

shrubs that it perfumes the air.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege;

to blockade.</def> \'bd<xex>Beset</xex> with foes.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>Let thy troops <qex>beset</qex> our gates.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass;

-- said of dangers, obstacles, etc.</def>  \'bdAdam, sore

<xex>beset</xex>, replied.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. 

\'bd<xex>Beset</xex> with ills.\'b8 <au>Addison</au>.

\'bdIncommodities which <xex>beset</xex> old age.\'b8 

<au>Burke</au>.



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To occupy; to employ; to use up.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege;

encircle; encompass; embarrass; urge; press.</syn>



<hw>Be*set"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that which besets

one, as a sin.</def> \'bdFearing a <xex>besetment</xex>.\'b8



<au>Kane.</au>



<hw>Be*set"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, besets.</def>



<hw>Be*set"ting</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Habitually attacking,

harassing, or pressing upon or about; <as>as, a

<ex>besetting</ex> sin</as>.</def>



<hw>Be*shine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beshone</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Beshining</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To shine

upon; to ullumine.</def>



<hw>\'d8Be*show"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish

(<spn>Anoplopoma fimbria</spn>) of the north Pacific coast; --

called also <altname>candlefish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Be*shrew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To curse;

to execrate.</def>



<q><qex>Beshrew</qex> me, but I love her heartily.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Often a very mild form of imprecation; sometimes so

far from implying a curse, as to be uttered coaxingly, nay even

with some tenderness.



<au>Schmidt.</au>

</note>



<hw>Be*shroud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cover

with, or as with, a shroud; to screen.</def>



<hw>Be*shut"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shut up

or out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*side"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biside</ets>, <ets>bisiden</ets>, <ets>bisides</ets>, prep.

and adv., beside, besides; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by +

<ets>side</ets>. Cf. Besides, and see <er>Side</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>At the side of; on one side

of.</def> \'bd<xex>Beside</xex> him hung his bow.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Aside from; out of the regular course or order

of; in a state of deviation from; out of.</def>



<q>[You] have done enough

To put him quite <qex>beside</qex> his patience.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Over and above; distinct from; in addition

to.</def> <note>[In this use <xex>besides</xex> is now

commoner.]</note>



<q>Wise and learned men <qex>beside</qex> those whose names are

in the Christian records.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<cs><col>To be beside one's self</col>, <cd>to be out ob one's

wits or senses.</cd></cs>



<q>Paul, thou art <qex>beside thyself</qex>.</q>

<qau> Acts xxvi. 24.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Beside</er>, <er>Besides</er>.</syn> <usage>

These words, whether used as prepositions or adverbs, have been

considered strictly synonymous, from an early period of our

literature, and have been freely interchanged by our best

writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to make

the following distinction between them: 1. That <xex>beside</xex>

be used only and always as a preposition, with the original

meaning \'bdby the side of; \'b8 as, to sit <xex>beside</xex> a

fountain; or with the closely allied meaning \'bdaside from\'b8,

\'bdapart from\'b8, or \'bdout of\'b8; as, this is

<xex>beside</xex> our present purpose; to be <xex>beside</xex>

one's self with joy. The adverbial sense to be wholly transferred

to the cognate word. 2. That <xex>besides</xex>, as a

preposition, take the remaining sense \'bdin addition to\'b8, as,

<xex>besides</xex> all this; <xex>besides</xex> the

considerations here offered. \'bdThere was a famine in the land

besides the first famine.\'b8 <au>Gen. xxvi. 1</au>. And that it

also take the adverbial sense of  \'bdmoreover\'b8,

\'bdbeyond\'b8, etc., which had been divided between the words;

as, <xex>besides</xex>, there are other considerations which

belong to this case. The following passages may serve to

illustrate this use of the words: --



<q>Lovely Thais sits <qex>beside</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Only be patient till we have appeased

The multitude, <qex>beside</qex> themselves with fear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It is <qex>beside</qex> my present business to enlarge on this

speculation.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q><qex>Besides</qex> this, there are persons in certain

situations who are expected to be charitable.</q>

<qau>Bp. Porteus.</qau>



<q>And, <qex>besides</qex>, the Moor

May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>That man that does not know those things which are of

necessity for him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may

know <qex>besides</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>

</usage>



<note>See <er>Moreover</er>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*sides"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Be*side"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[OE. Same as

<ets>beside</ets>, prep.; the ending <ets>-s</ets> is an

adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On

one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>More than that; over and above; not included in

the number, or in what has been mentioned; moreover; in

addition.</def>



<q>The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any <qex>besides</qex>

?</q>

<qau>Gen. xix. 12.</qau>



<q>To all <qex>beside</qex>, as much an empty shade,

An Eugene living, as a C\'91sar dead.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ These sentences may be considered as

elliptical.</note>



<hw>Be*sides</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <def>Over and

above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than;

else than. See <er>Beside</er>, <xex>prep</xex>., 3, and Syn.

under <er>Beside</er>.</def>



<q><qex>Besides</qex> your cheer, you shall have sport.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*siege"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besieged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Besieging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisegen</ets>;

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>segen</ets> to siege. See

<er>Siege</er>.]</ety> <def>To beset or surround with armed

forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender; to lay siege

to; to beleaguer; to beset.</def>



<q>Till Paris was <qex>besieged</qex>, famished, and lost.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To environ; hem in; invest; encompass.</syn>



<hw>Be*siege"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of besieging, or the state of being besieged.</def>



<au>Golding.</au>



<hw>Be*sie"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

besieges; -- opposed to <xex>the besieged</xex>.</def>



<hw>Be*sie"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That

besieges; laying siege to.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*sie"ging*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*sit"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To suit; to fit; to

become.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*slab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

beslobber.</def>



<hw>Be*slave"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

enslave.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hall.</au>



<hw>Be*slav"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Beslavered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Beslavering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To defile with slaver; to

beslobber.</def>



<hw>Be*slime"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To daub

with slime; to soil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Be*slob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth. Also

Fig.: as, to <xex>beslobber</xex> with praise.</def>



<hw>Be*slub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

beslobber.</def>



<hw>Be*smear"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besmeared</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Besmearing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smear with any viscous,

glutinous matter; to bedaub; to soil.</def>



<q><qex>Besmeared</qex> with precious balm.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Be*smear"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

besmears.</def>



<hw>Be*smirch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besmirched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Besmirching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To smirch or soil; to

discolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor; to sully.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*smoke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To foul with smoke.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To harden or dry in smoke.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Be*smut"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besmutted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Besmutting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>smut</ets>: cf. AS. <ets>besm\'c6tan</ets>,

and also OE. <ets>besmotren</ets>.]</ety> <def>To blacken with

smut; to foul with soot.</def>



<hw>Be*snow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besnowed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bisnewen</ets>, AS.

<ets>besn\'c6wan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>sn\'c6wan</ets> to snow.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To scatter

like snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as

with snow.</def>



<hw>Be*snuff"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To befoul

with snuff.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Be*sogne"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bisogne</ets>.]</ety> <def>A worthless fellow; a

bezonian.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>besme</ets>, <ets>besum</ets>, AS. <ets>besma</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>bezem</ets>, OHG <ets>pesamo</ets>, G. <ets>besen</ets>;

of uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A brush of twigs for sweeping; a

broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys.</def>

<mark>[Archaic or Fig.]</mark>



<q>I will sweep it with the <qex>besom</qex> of destruction.</q>

<qau>Isa. xiv. 23.</qau>



<q>The housemaid with her <qex>besom</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Be"som</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Besomed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

sweep, as with a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic or Poetic]</mark>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<q>Rolls back all Greece, and <qex>besoms</qex> wide the

plain.</q>

<qau>Barlow.</qau>



<hw>Be"som*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who uses

a besom.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Be*sort"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To assort

or be congruous with; to fit, or become.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Such men as may <qex>besort</qex> your age.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*sort"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Befitting associates or

attendants.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>With such accommodation and <qex>besort</qex>

As levels with her breeding.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*sot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besotted</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Besotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make sottish; to make

dull or stupid; to stupefy; to infatuate.</def>



<q>Fools <qex>besotted</qex> with their crimes.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Be*sot"ted</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made sottish, senseless,

or infatuated; characterized by drunken stupidity, or by

infatuation; stupefied.</def>   \'bd<xex>Besotted</xex>

devotion.\'b8 <au>Sir W. Scott</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Be*sot"ted*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Be*sot"ted*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*sot"ting*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a besotting

manner.</def>



<hw>Be*sought"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Beseech</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*span"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bespangled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bespangling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To adorn with spangles; to dot or

sprinkle with something brilliant or glittering.</def>



<q>The grass . . . is all <qex>bespangled</qex> with

dewdrops.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<hw>Be*spat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bespattered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bespattering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To soil by

spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or anything

which will leave foul spots or stains.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To asperse with calumny or reproach.</def>



<q>Whom never faction could <qex>bespatter</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Be*spawl"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To daub,

soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*speak"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bespoke</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Bespake</er> <mark>(Archaic)</mark>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Bespoke</er>, <er>Bespoken</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Bespeaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bispeken</ets>, AS. <ets>besprecan</ets>, to speak to,

accuse; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sprecan</ets> to speak. See

<er>Speak</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak or arrange for

beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; <as>as, to

bespeak goods, a right, or a favor</as>.</def>



<q>Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to

<qex>bespeak</qex> his favor.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To show beforehand; to foretell; to

indicate.</def>



<q>[They] <qex>bespoke</qex> dangers . . .  in order to scare the

allies.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To betoken; to show; to indicate by external

marks or appearances.</def>



<q>When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the

figure of a man that it <qex>bespoke</qex> him rather a

monster.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To speak to; to address.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>He thus the queen <qex>bespoke</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To speak.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*speak"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bespeaking. Among

actors, a benefit (when a particular play is bespoken.)</def>

\'bdThe night of her <xex>bespeak</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Be*speak"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bespeaks.</def>



<hw>Be*spec"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bespeckled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bespeckling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with speckles or

spots.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*spew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To soil or

daub with spew; to vomit on.</def>



<hw>Be*spice"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To season

with spice, or with some spicy drug.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*spirt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bespurt</er>.</def>



<-- p. 140 -->



<-- p. 140 -->



<hw>Be*spit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bespit</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Bespit</er>, <er>Bespitten</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Bespitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To daub or

soil with spittle.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Be*spoke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bespeak</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*spot"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bespotted</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bespotting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To mark with spots, or as

with spots.</def>



<hw>Be*spread"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bespread</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bespreading</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

spread or cover over.</def>



<q>The carpet which <qex>bespread</qex>

His rich pavilion's floor.</q>

<qau> Glover.</qau>



<hw>Be*sprent"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bespreynt</ets>, p. p. of <ets>besprengen</ets>,

<ets>bisprengen</ets>, to besprinkle, AS. <ets>besprengan</ets>,

akin to D. & G. <ets>besprengen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>sprengan</ets> to sprinkle. See <er>Sprinkle</er>.]</ety>

<def>Sprinkled over; strewed.</def>



<q>His face <qex>besprent</qex> with liquid crystal shines.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<q>The floor with tassels of fir was <qex>besprent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Be*sprin"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Besprinkled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Besprinkling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle over; to scatter

over.</def>



<q>The bed <qex>besprinkles</qex>, and bedews the ground.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Be*sprin"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, besprinkles.</def>



<hw>Be*sprin"kling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over.</def>



<hw>Be*spurt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To spurt

on or over; to asperse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bes"se*mer steel`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>Steel made

directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon

and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency

of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; -- so

called from Sir Henry <xex>Bessemer</xex>, an English engineer,

the inventor of the process.</def>



<hw>Best</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>; <xex>superl</xex>.

<xex>of</xex> Good. <ety>[AS. <ets>besta</ets>, <ets>best</ets>,

contr. from <ets>betest</ets>, <ets>betst</ets>,

<ets>betsta</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>batists</ets>, OHG.

<ets>pezzisto</ets>, G. <ets>best</ets>, <ets>beste</ets>, D.

<ets>best</ets>, Icel. <ets>beztr</ets>, Dan. <ets>best</ets>,

Sw. <ets>b\'84st</ets>. This word has no connection in origin

with <ets>good</ets>. See <er>Better</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good,

kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; <as>as, the

<ex>best</ex> man; the <ex>best</ex> road; the <ex>best</ex>

cloth; the <ex>best</ex> abilities.</as></def>



<q>When he is <qex>best</qex>, he is a little worse than a

man.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<q>Heaven's last, <qex>best</qex> gift, my ever new delight.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Most advanced; most correct or complete; <as>as,

the <ex>best</ex> scholar; the <ex>best</ex> view of a

subject.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Most; largest; <as>as, the <ex>best</ex> part of

a week</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Best man</col>, <cd>the only or principal groomsman at a

wedding ceremony.</cd></cs>



<hw>Best</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Utmost; highest endeavor or

state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; <as>as, to

do one's <ex>best</ex>; to the <ex>best</ex> of our

ability.</as></def>



<cs><col>At best</col>, <cd>in the utmost degree or extent

applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances;

as, life is <xex>at best<xex> very short.</cd> -- <col>For

best</col>, <cd>finally.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdThose

constitutions . . . are now established <xex>for best<xex>, and

not to be mended.\'b8 <au>Milton</au>. -- <col>To get the best

o</col><cd>f, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or

unfairly.</cd> -- <col>To make the best of</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the

greatest advantage.</cd> \'bdLet there be freedom to carry their

commodities where they can <xex>make the best of<xex> them.\'b8

<au>Bacon</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To reduce to the least possible

inconvenience; as, to <xex>make the best of<xex> ill fortune or a

bad bargain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Best</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>; <pos>superl.</pos> of

<er>Well</er>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the highest degree; beyond all

others.</def> \'bdThou serpent! That name <xex>best</xex> befits

thee.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>He prayeth <qex>best</qex>, who loveth <qex>best</qex>

All things both great and small.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To the most advantage; with the most success,

case, profit, benefit, or propriety.</def>



<q>Had we <qex>best</qex> retire? I see a storm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Had I not <qex>best</qex> go to her?</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly;

<as>as, what is expedient is <ex>best</ex> known to

himself</as>.</def>



<hw>Best</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To get the better of.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Be*stad"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bestead</er>. <def>Beset; put in peril.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*stain"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

stain.</def>



<hw>Be*star"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestarred</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To sprinkle with, or as with,

stars; to decorate with, or as with, stars; to bestud.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bestarred</xex> with anemones.\'b8



<au>W. Black.</au>



<hw>Be*stead"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestead</er> or

<er>Bested</er>, also <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bestad</er>. In

sense 3 <xex>imp.</xex> also <er>Besteaded</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stead</ets> a place.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To put in a certain situation or condition; to

circumstance; to place.</def> <mark>[Only in p. p.]</mark>



<q>They shall pass through it, hardly <qex>bestead</qex> and

hungry: . . . and curse their king and their God.</q>

<qau>Is. viii. 21.</qau>



<q>Many far worse <qex>bestead</qex> than ourselves.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put in peril; to beset.</def> <note>[Only in

p. p.]</note>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bes"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bestial</ets>, L. <ets>bestialis</ets>, fr.

<ets>bestia</ets> beast. See <er>Beast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.</def>



<q> Among the <qex>bestial</qex> herds to range.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below

the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly;

sensual.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low;

depraved; sensual; filthy.</syn>



<hw>Bes"tial</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A domestic animal; also

collectively, cattle; <as>as, other kinds of

<ex>bestial</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bes*tial"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bestialit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state or

quality of being bestial.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Unnatural connection with a beast.</def>



<hw>Bes"tial*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestialized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bestializing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make bestial, or like

a beast; to degrade; to brutalize.</def>



<q>The process of <qex>bestializing</qex> humanity.</q>

<qau>Hare.</qau>



<hw>Bes"tial*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bestial

manner.</def>



<hw>Be*stick"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestuck</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Besticking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stick over, as with

sharp points pressed in; to mark by infixing points or spots here

and there; to pierce.</def>



<q>Truth shall retire

<qex>Bestuck</qex> with slanderous darts.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*still"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

still.</def>



<hw>Be*stir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestirred</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bestirring</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To put into brisk or

vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; -- usually with the

reciprocal pronoun.</def>



<q>You have so <qex>bestirred</qex> your valor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Rouse and <qex>bestir</qex> themselves ere well awake.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*storm"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <def>To

storm.</def>



<au>Young.</au>



<hw>Be*stow"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestowed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bestowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestowen</ets>;

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>stow</ets> a place. See

<er>Stow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay up in store; to

deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place; to put.</def> \'bdHe

<xex>bestowed</xex> it in a pouch.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>See that the women are <qex>bestowed</qex> in safety.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength

in some occupation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To expend, as money.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give or confer; to impart; -- with on or

upon.</def>



<q>Empire is on us <qex>bestowed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>Though I <qex>bestow</qex> all my goods to feed the poor.</q>

<qau> 1 Cor. xiii. 3.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To give in marriage.</def>



<q>I could have <qex>bestowed</qex> her upon a fine

gentleman.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by

a reflexive pronoun.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How might we see Falstaff <qex>bestow</qex> himself to-night

in his true colors, and not ourselves be seen ?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To give; grant; present; confer; accord.</syn>



<hw>Be*stow"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

bestowing; disposal.</def>



<hw>Be*stow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

bestows.</def>



<hw>Be*stow"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or

bestowal.</def>



<q>If we consider this <qex>bestowment</qex> of gifts in this

view.</q>

<qau>Chauncy.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is given or bestowed.</def>



<q>They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own

<qex>bestowments</qex>.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Be*strad"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

bestride.</def>



<hw>Be*straught"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>straught</ets>; prob. here used for

<ets>distraught</ets>.]</ety> <def>Out of one's senses;

distracted; mad.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*streak"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

streak.</def>



<hw>Be*strew"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bestrewed</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Bestrewed</er>, <er>Bestrown</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bestrewing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle. </def>

<altsp>[Spelt also <asp>bestrow</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*stride"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bestrode</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<mark>(Obs. or R.)</mark> <er>Bestrid</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>;

<pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Bestridden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Bestrid</er>, <er>Bestrode</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bestriding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bestr\'c6dan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>str\'c6dan</ets> to stride.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stand

or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride;

to stand over</def>



<q>That horse that thou so often hast <qex>bestrid</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Why, man, he doth <qex>bestride</qex> the narrow world

Like a Colossus.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To step over; to stride over or across; <as>as,

to <ex>bestride</ex> a threshold</as>.</def>



<hw>Be*strode"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bestride</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*strown"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bestrew</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*stuck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Bestick</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*stud"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bestudded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bestudding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set

or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to stud;

<as>as, to <ex>bestud</ex> with stars</as>.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Be*swike"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>besw\'c6can</ets>; <ets>be-</ets> + <ets>sw\'c6can</ets> to

deceive, entice; akin to OS. <ets>sw\'c6kan</ets>, OHG.

<ets>sw\'c6hhan</ets>, Icel. <ets>sv\'c6kja</ets>.]</ety> <def>To

lure; to cheat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Bet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from OE.

<ets>abet</ets> abetting, OF. <ets>abet</ets>, fr.

<ets>abeter</ets> to excite, incite. See <er>Abet</er>.]</ety>

<def>That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two

parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the

act of giving such a pledge; a wager.</def> \'bdHaving made his

<xex>bets</xex>.\'b8



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Bet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bet</er>, <er>Betted</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Betting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stake or

pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager.</def>



<q>John a Gaunt loved him well, and <qex>betted</qex> much money

on his head.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<q>I'll <qex>bet</qex> you two to one I'll make him do it.</q>

<qau>O. W. Holmes.</qau>



<hw>Bet</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Beat</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bet</hw>, <pos>a. & adv.</pos> <def>An early form of

<er>Better</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>To go bet</col>, <cd>to go fast; to hurry.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be"ta*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>beta</ets>, generic name of the beet.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nitrogenous base,

<chform>C5H11NO2</chform>, produced artificially, and also

occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from

which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called

also <altname>lycine</altname> and <altname>oxyneurine</altname>.

It has a sweetish taste.</def>

<-- not the amino acid lysine -->



<hw>Be*take"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Betook</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Betaken</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Betaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>take</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To take

or seize.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go;

-- with a reflexive pronoun.</def>



<q>They <qex>betook</qex> themselves to treaty and

submission.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>The rest, in imitation, to like arms

<qex>Betook</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Whither shall I <qex>betake</qex> me, where subsist?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To commend or intrust to; to commit to.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*taught"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[p. p. of OE.

<ets>bitechen</ets>, AS. <ets>bet<?/can</ets>, to assign,

deliver. See <er>Teach</er>.]</ety> <def>Delivered; committed in

trust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bete</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To better; to

mend. See <er>Beete</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*tee"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>beatilha</ets>.]</ety> <def>An East India muslin, formerly

used for cravats, veils, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*teem"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + an old verb <ets>teem</ets> to be fitting; cf.

D. <ets>betamen</ets> to beseem, G. <ets>ziemen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>gatiman</ets>, and E. <ets>tame</ets>. See <er>Tame</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To give ; to bestow; to

grant; to accord; to consent.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Spenser. Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To allow; to permit; to suffer.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So loving to my mother,

That he might not <qex>beteem</qex> the winds of heaven

Visit her face too roughly.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg., fr. Tamil

<ets>vettilei</ets>, prop. meaning, a mere leaf.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of pepper (<spn>Piper

betle</spn>), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or

betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East

Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves.</def>



<hw>Bet"el*guese</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>B\'82telgeuse</ets>, of Arabic origin.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A bright star of the first magnitude,

near one shoulder of Orion.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Betelgeux</asp> and <asp>Betelgeuse</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Be"tel nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The nutlike seed of the

areca palm, chewed in the East with betel leaves (whence its

name) and shell lime.</def>



<hw>\'d8B\'88te" noire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Fr., lit. black

beast.]</ety> <def>Something especially hated or dreaded; a

bugbear.</def>



<hw>Beth*ab"a*ra wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree

is unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian.</def>



<hw>Beth"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>b<?/th-el</ets> house of God.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A place of worship; a hallowed spot.</def>



<au>S. F. Adams.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A chapel for dissenters.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A house of worship for seamen.</def>



<hw>Be*think"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bethought</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bethinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>be<?/encan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/encan</ets>

to think. See <er>Think</er>.]</ety> <def>To call to mind; to

recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to

think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun,

often with <xex>of</xex> or <xex>that</xex> before the subject of

thought.</def>



<q>I have <qex>bethought</qex> me of another fault.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The rest . . . may . . . <qex>bethin</qex>k themselves, and

recover.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>We <qex>bethink</qex> a means to break it off.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.</syn>



<hw>Be*think"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To think; to recollect;

to consider.</def> \'bd<xex>Bethink</xex> ere thou dismiss

us.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Beth"le*hem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Heb.

<ets>b<?/th-lekhem</ets> house of food; <ets>b<?/th</ets> house +

<ets>lekhem</ets> food, <ets>l\'bekham</ets> to eat. Formerly the

name of a hospital for the insane, in London, which had been the

priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf. <er>Bedlam</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into

<xex>bedlam</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>In the Ethiopic church, a

small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread

for the eucharist is made.</def>



<au>Audsley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Beth"le*hem*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Beth"lem*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One of an extinct English order of monks.</def>



<hw>Be*thought"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

of <er>Bethink</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*thrall"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To reduce

to thralldom; to inthrall.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Be*thumb"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To handle;

to wear or soil by handling; as books.</def>



<au> Poe.</au>



<hw>Be*thump"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bethumped</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>, or <er>Bethumpt</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bethumping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To beat or thump

soundly.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*tide"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betided</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>Obs</pos>. <er>Betid</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Betiding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bitiden</ets>; pref. <ets>bi-</ets>,

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>tiden</ets>, fr. AS. <ets>t\'c6dan</ets>,

to happen, fr. <ets>t\'c6d</ets> time. See <er>Tide</er>.]</ety>

<def>To happen to; to befall; to come to ; <as>as, woe

<ex>betide</ex> the wanderer</as>.</def>



<q>What will <qex>betide</qex> the few ?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*tide"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come to pass; to

happen; to occur.</def>



<q>A salve for any sore that may <qex>betide</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Shakespeare has used it with <xex>of</xex>. \'bdWhat

would <xex>betide of</xex> me ?\'b8</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Be*time"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Be*times"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets>

(for <ets>by</ets>) +  <ets>time</ets>; that is, by the proper

time. The <ets>-s</ets> is an adverbial ending.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In good season or time; before it is late;

seasonably; early.</def>



<q>To measure life learn thou <qex>betimes</qex>.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<q>To rise <qex>betimes</qex> is often harder than to do all the

day's work.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a short time; soon; speedily; forth

with.</def>



<q>He tires <qex>betimes</qex> that spurs too fast betimes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*ti"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish

with a title or titles; to entitle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Be*to"ken</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betokened</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Betokening</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To signify by

some visible object; to show by signs or tokens.</def>



<q>A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow . . . 

<qex>Betokening</qex> peace from God, and covenant new.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To foreshow by present signs; to indicate

something future by that which is seen or known; <as>as, a dark

cloud often <ex>betokens</ex> a storm</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note.</syn>



<hw>\'d8B\'82`ton"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82ton</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bitumen</ets> bitumen.]</ety>

<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The French name for concrete; hence,

concrete made after the French fashion.</def>



<hw>Be*tongue"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To attack

with the tongue; to abuse; to insult.</def>



<hw>Bet"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Betonies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>betony</ets>, <ets>betany</ets>, F. <ets>betoine</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>betonica</ets>, <ets>vettonica</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Betonica</spn>

(Linn.).</def>



<note><hand/ The purple or wood betony (<spn>B.

officinalis</spn>, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly

used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a

yellow color.</note>



<hw>Be*took"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of

<er>Betake</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*torn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Torn in

pieces; tattered.</def>



<hw>Be*toss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betossed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To put in violent motion; to

agitate; to disturb; to toss.</def> \'bdMy <xex>betossed</xex>

soul.\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*trap"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betrapped</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To draw into, or

catch in, a trap; to insnare; to circumvent.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck.</def>



<q>After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin,

and the horses <qex>betrapped</qex> with the same.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<-- p. 141 -->



<hw>Be*tray"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betrayed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Betraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>betraien</ets>,

<ets>bitraien</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> + OF.

<ets>tra\'8br</ets> to bertray, F. <ets>trahir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>tradere</ets>. See <er>Traitor</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud,

in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly;

<as>as, an officer <ex>betrayed</ex> the city</as>.</def>



<q>Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be

<qex>betrayed</qex> into the hands of men.</q>

<qau>Matt. xvii. 22.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a

trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; <as>as, to

<ex>betray</ex> a person or a cause</as>.</def>



<q>But when I rise, I shall find my legs <qex>betraying</qex>

me.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a

secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make

known.</def>



<q>Willing to serve or <qex>betray</qex> any government for

hire.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To disclose or discover, as something which

prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally.</def>



<q>Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you

<qex>betray</qex> your ignorance.</q>

<qau>T. Watts.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not

foreseen to lead into error or sin.</def>



<q>Genius . . . often <qex>betrays</qex> itself into great

errors.</q>

<qau>T. Watts.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under

promise of marriage) and then abandon.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not

obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed.</def>



<q>All the names in the country <qex>betray</qex> great

antiquity.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<hw>Be*tray"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

the result of betraying.</def>



<hw>Be*tray"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, betrays.</def>



<hw>Be*tray"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<qau>Udall.</qau>



<hw>Be*trim"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betrimmed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Betrimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To set in order; to adorn;

to deck, to embellish; to trim.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*troth"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betrothed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Betrothing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>troth</ets>, i. e., <ets>truth</ets>. See

<er>Truth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To contract to any one

for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to

affiance; -- used esp. of a woman.</def>



<q>He, in the first flower of my freshest age,

<qex>Betrothed</qex> me unto the only heir.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Ay, and we are <qex>betrothed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To promise to take (as a future spouse); to

plight one's troth to.</def>



<q>What man is there that hath <qex>betrothed</qex> a wife, and

hath not taken her?</q>

<qau>Deut. xx. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To nominate to a bishopric, in order to

consecration.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Be*troth"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise,

engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the persons

betrothed; betrothment; affiance.</def> \'bdThe feast of

<xex>betrothal</xex>.\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Be*troth"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal.</def>



<hw>Be*trust"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To trust

or intrust.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*trust"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of intrusting, or the thing intrusted.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chipman.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bet"so</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>bezzo</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small brass Venetian coin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>; <xex>compar</xex>.

of Good. <ety>[OE. <ets>betere</ets>, <ets>bettre</ets>, and as

adv. <ets>bet</ets>, AS. <ets>betera</ets>, adj., and

<ets>bet</ets>, adv.; akin to Icel. <ets>betri</ets>, adj.,

<ets>betr</ets>, adv., Goth. <ets>batiza</ets>, adj., OHG.

<ets>bezziro</ets>, adj., <ets>baz</ets>, adv., G.

<ets>besser</ets>, adj. and adv., <ets>bass</ets>, adv., E.

<ets>boot</ets>, and prob. to Skr. <ets>bhadra</ets> excellent.

See <er>Boot</er> advantage, and cf. <er>Best</er>,

<er>Batful</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having good qualities in

a greater degree than another; <as>as, a <ex>better</ex> man; a

<ex>better</ex> physician; a <ex>better</ex> house; a

<ex>better</ex> air.</as></def>



<q>Could make the worse appear

The <qex>better</qex> reason.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Preferable in regard to rank, value, use,

fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect.</def>



<q>To obey is <qex>better</qex> than sacrifice.</q>

<qau>1 Sam. xv. 22.</qau>



<q>It is <qex>better</qex> to trust in the Lord than to put

confidence in princes.</q>

<qau>Ps. cxviii. 9.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Greater in amount; larger; more.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Improved in health; less affected with disease;

<as>as, the patient is <ex>better</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>More advanced; more perfect; <as>as, upon

<ex>better</ex> acquaintance; a <ex>better</ex> knowledge of the

subject.</as></def>



<cs><col>All the better</col>. <cd>See under <er>All</er>,

<pos>adv.</pos></cd> -- <col>Better half</col>, <cd>an expression

used to designate one's wife.</cd>



<q>My dear, my <qex>better</qex> half (said he),

I find I must now leave thee.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



 -- <col>To be better off</col>, <cd>to be in a better

condition.</cd> -- <col>Had better</col>. <cd>(See under

<er>Had</er>).</cd> <note>The phrase <xex>had better</xex>,

followed by an infinitive without <xex>to</xex>, is idiomatic.

The earliest form of construction was \'bdwere better\'b8 with a

dative; as, \'bd<xex>Him were better</xex> go beside.\'b8

(<au>Gower</au>.) <it>i. e.</it>, It would be better for him,

etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the

dative and <xex>had</xex> took the place of <xex>were</xex>. Thus

we have the construction now used.</note>



<q>By all that's holy, he <qex>had better</qex> starve

Than but once think this place becomes thee not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>

</cs>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Advantage,

superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; <as>as, to get the

<ex>better</ex> of an enemy</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has a claim to precedence; a superior,

as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the

plural.</def>



<q>Their <qex>betters</qex> would hardly be found.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<cs><col>For the better</col>, <cd>in the way of improvement; so

as to produce improvement. \'bdIf I have altered him anywhere

<xex>for the better<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos>; <pos>compar.</pos> of

<er>Well</er>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>In a superior or more excellent

manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage,

or success; <as>as, Henry writes <ex>better</ex> than John;

veterans fight <ex>better</ex> than recruits.</as></def>



<q>I could have <qex>better</qex> spared a better man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>More correctly or thoroughly.</def>



<q>The <qex>better</qex> to understand the extent of our

knowledge.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a higher or greater degree; more; <as>as, to

love one <ex>better</ex> than another</as>.</def>



<q>Never was monarch <qex>better</qex> feared, and loved.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>More, in reference to value, distance, time,

etc.; <as>as, ten miles and <ex>better</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To think better of</col> (any one), <cd>to have a more

favorable opinion of any one.</cd> -- <col>To think better

of</col> (an opinion, resolution, etc.), <cd>to reconsider and

alter one's decision.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bettered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bettering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS. <ets>beterian</ets>,

<ets>betrian</ets>, fr. <ets>betera</ets> better. See

<er>Better</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To improve

or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of.</def>



<q>Love <qex>betters</qex> what is best.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>He thought to <qex>better</qex> his circumstances.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To improve the condition of, morally,

physically, financially, socially, or otherwise.</def>



<q>The constant effort of every man to <qex>better</qex>

himself.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to

excel.</def>



<q>The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be

<qex>bettered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give advantage to; to support; to advance the

interest of.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Weapons more violent, when next we meet,

May serve to <qex>better</qex> us and worse our foes.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend;

correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.</syn>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become better; to

improve.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Bet"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who bets or lays a

wager.</def>



<hw>Bet"ter*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A making better; amendment; improvement.</def>



<au> W. Montagu.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An improvement of an estate

which renders it better than mere repairing would do; --

generally used in the plural.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Bet"ter*most`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Best.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>bettermost</xex>

classes.\'b8



<au>Brougham.</au>



<hw>Bet"ter*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality

of being better or superior; superiority.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The difference by which fine gold or silver

exceeds in fineness the standard.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bet"tong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, leaping

Australian marsupial of the genus <xex>Bettongia</xex>; the

jerboa kangaroo.</def>



<hw>Bet"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who bets; a

better.</def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Bet"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<ety>[Supposed to be a cant word, from <ets>Betty</ets>, for

<ets>Elizabeth</ets>, as such an instrument is also called

<ets>Bess</ets> (i. e., <ets>Elizabeth</ets>) in the Canting

Dictionary of 1725, and <ets>Jenny</ets> (i. e.,

<ets>Jane</ets>).]</ety> <def>A short bar used by thieves to

wrench doors open.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bettee</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>The powerful <qex>betty</qex>, or the artful picklock.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[<ets>Betty</ets>, nickname for

Elizabeth.]</ety> <def>A name of contempt given to a man who

interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who

occupies himself with womanish matters.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw,

in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by

chemists a <xex>Florence flask</xex>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bet"u*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>betula</ets> birch tree.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark of

the common European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), or from the

tar prepared therefrom; -- called also <altname>birch

camphor</altname>.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Be*tum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betumbled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To throw into disorder; to

tumble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>From her <qex>betumbled</qex> couch she starteth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Be*tu"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Betutored</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To tutor; to instruct.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Be*tween"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bytwene</ets>, <ets>bitweonen</ets>, AS.

<ets>betwe\'a2nan</ets>, <ets>betwe\'a2num</ets>; prefix

<ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS. <ets>tw\'be</ets> two, akin to

Goth. <ets>tweihnai</ets> two apiece. See <er>Twain</er>, and cf.

<er>Atween</er>, <er>Betwixt</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>In the

space which separates; betwixt; <as>as, New York is

<ex>between</ex> Boston and Philadelphia</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Used in expressing motion from one body or place

to another; from one to another of two.</def>



<q>If things should go so <qex>between</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Belonging in common to two; shared by

both.</def>



<q>Castor and Pollux with only one soul <qex>between</qex>

them.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and

involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation;

<as>as, opposition <ex>between</ex> science and

religion</as>.</def>



<q>An intestine struggle, open or secret, <qex>between</qex>

authority and liberty.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>With relation to two, as involved in an act or

attribute of which another is the agent or subject; <as>as, to

judge <ex>between</ex> or to choose <ex>between</ex> courses; to

distinguish <ex>between</ex> you and me; to mediate

<ex>between</ex> nations.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>In intermediate relation to, in respect to time,

quantity, or degree; <as>as, <ex>between</ex> nine and ten

o'clock</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Between decks</col>, <cd>the space, or in the space,

between the decks of a vessel.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Between

ourselves</col>, <col>Between you and me</col>, <col>Between

themselves</col></mcol>, <cd>in confidence; with the

understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to

others.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Between</er>, <er>Among</er>.</syn> <usage>

<xex>Between</xex> etymologically indicates only two; as, a

quarrel <xex>between</xex> two men or two nations; to be

<xex>between</xex> two fires, etc. It is however extended to more

than two in expressing a certain relation.



<q>I . . . hope that <qex>between</qex> public business,

improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor

caprice will find any place for entrance.</q>

<qau>Johnson.</qau>



  <xex>Among</xex> implies a mass or collection of things or

persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money

was equally divided <xex>among</xex> the ship's crew.

</usage>



<hw>Be*tween"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Intermediate time or

space; interval.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*twixt"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>betwix</ets>, <ets>bitwix</ets>, rarely <ets>bitwixt</ets>,

AS. <ets>betweox</ets>, <ets>betweohs</ets>, <ets>betweoh</ets>,

<ets>betw\'c6h</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> by + a form fr. AS.

<ets>tw\'be</ets> two. See <er>Between</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In the space which separates; between.</def>



<q>From <qex>betwixt</qex> two aged oaks.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>From one to another of; mutually

affecting.</def>



<q>There was some speech of marriage

<qex>Betwixt</qex> myself and her.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Betwixt and between</col>, <cd>in a midway position;

so-so; neither one thing nor the other.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>\'d8Beur*r\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>beurre</ets> butter.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

beurr\'82 (or buttery) pear, one with the me<?/<?/ soft and

melting; -- used with a distinguishing word; <as>as,

<ex>Beurr\'82</ex> d'Anjou; <xex>Beurr\'82</xex>

Clairgeau.</as></def>



<hw>Bev"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[C. F.

<ets>biveau</ets>, earlier <ets>buveau</ets>, Sp.

<ets>baivel</ets>; of unknown origin. Cf. <er>Bevile</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Any angle other than a right angle; the angle

which one surface makes with another when they are not at right

angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; <as>as, to give

a <ex>bevel</ex> to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the

<ex>bevel</ex> of a piece of timber.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument consisting of two rules or arms,

jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for

adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given

inclination; -- called also a <altname>bevel

square</altname>.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the slant

of a bevel; slanting.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: Morally distorted; not upright.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>I may be straight, though they themselves be

<qex>bevel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>A bevel angle</col>, <cd>any angle other than one of

90<deg/.</cd> -- <col>Bevel wheel</col>, <cd>a cogwheel whose

working face is oblique to the axis.</cd>



<au>Knight.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Beveled</er> (<?/) or <er>Bevelled</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Beveling</er> or

<er>Bevelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To cut to a bevel angle; to

slope the edge or surface of.</def>



<hw>Bev"el</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To deviate or incline from

an angle of 90<?/, as a surface; to slant.</def>



<q>Their houses are very ill built, the walls

<qex>bevel</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bev"eled</hw>, <hw>Bev"elled</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Formed to a bevel

angle; sloping; <as>as, the <ex>beveled</ex> edge of a

table</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> Replaced by two planes inclining

equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges

replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid.</def>



<hw>Bev"el gear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A

kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in

different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the

surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where

the axes of the wheels would meet.</def>



<hw>Bev"el*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>The replacement of an edge by two similar

planes, equally inclined to the including faces or adjacent

planes.</def>



<hw>Be"ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bever</ets> a drink, drinking time, OF. <ets>beivre</ets>,

<ets>boivre</ets>, to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A light repast between meals; a lunch.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Be"ver</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bevered</er> (<?/).]</wordforms> <def>To take a

light repast between meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bev"er*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bevrage</ets>, F. <ets>breuvage</ets>, fr. <ets>beivre</ets>

to drink, fr. L. <ets>bibere</ets>. Cf. <er>Bib</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>, <er>Poison</er>, <er>Potable</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink

artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; <as>as, an

intoxicating <ex>beverage</ex></as>.</def>



<q>He knew no <qex>beverage</qex> but the flowing stream.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of

drink.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A treat, or drink money.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Bev"ile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bevel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A chief broken or

opening like a carpenter's bevel.</def>



<au>Encyc. Brit.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bev"iled</hw>, <hw>Bev"illed</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Notched with

an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's bevel; -- said of a

partition line of a shield.</def>



<hw>Bev"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bevies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Perhaps orig. a

drinking company, fr. OF. <ets>bev\'82e</ets> (cf. It.

<ets>beva</ets>) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in

general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks,

quails, etc. See <er>Beverage</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of

ladies.</def>



<q>What a <qex>bevy</qex> of beaten slaves have we here !</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flock of birds, especially quails or larks;

also, a herd of roes.</def>



<hw>Be*wail"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewailed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bewailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To express deep sorrow for,

as by wailing; to lament; to wail over.</def>



<q>Hath widowed and unchilded many a one,

Which to this hour <qex>bewail</qex> the injury.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To bemoan; grieve. -- See <er>Deplore</er>.</syn>



<hw>Be*wail"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To express grief; to

lament.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*wail"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as

may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable.</def>



<hw>Be*wail"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bewails or laments.</def>



<hw>Be*wail"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wailing over;

lamenting.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Be*wail"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*wail"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

bewailing.</def>



<hw>Be*wake"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To

keep watch over; to keep awake.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Be</ets>, imperative of verb to be + <ets>ware</ets>.

See <er>Ware</er>, <er>Wary</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be

on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; -- commonly

followed by <xex>of</xex> or <xex>lest</xex> before the thing

that is to be avoided.</def>



<q><qex>Beware</qex> of all, but most <qex>beware</qex> of man

!</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<q><qex>Beware</qex> the awful avalanche.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have a special regard; to heed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Behold, I send an Angel before thee. . . . <qex>Beware</qex>

of him, and obey his voice.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxiii. 20, 21.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word is a compound from <xex>be</xex> and the

Old English <xex>ware</xex>, now <xex>wary</xex>, which is an

adjective.  \'bd<xex>Be</xex> ye <xex>war</xex> of false

prophetis.\'b8 <au>Wyclif, Matt. vii. 15</au>.  It is used

commonly in the imperative and infinitive modes, and with such

auxiliaries (<xex>shall</xex>, <xex>should</xex>,

<xex>must</xex>, etc.) as go with the infinitive.</note>



<-- p. 142 -->



<hw>Be*ware"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To avoid;

to take care of; to have a care for.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bdPriest, <xex>beware</xex> your beard.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>To wish them <qex>beware</qex> the son.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Be*wash"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drench

or souse with water.</def>  \'bdLet the maids <xex>bewash</xex>

the men.\'b8



<au>Herrick.</au>



<hw>Be*weep"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewept</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Beweeping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>bew<?/pan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>weep</ets>.]</ety> <def>To weep over; to deplore; to bedew

with tears.</def> \'bdHis timeless death

<xex>beweeping</xex>.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Be*weep"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To weep.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Be*wet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewet</er>,

<er>Bewetted</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To wet or moisten.</def>



<au>Gay.</au>



<hw>Be*whore"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore

of.</def>



<au>J. Fletcher.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pronounce or characterize as a whore.</def>



<au> Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*wig"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewigged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To cover (the head) with a

wig.</def>



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>Be*wil"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewildered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bewildering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>wilder</ets>.]</ety> <def>To lead into perplexity or

confusion, as for want of a plain path; to perplex with mazes; or

in general, to perplex or confuse greatly.</def>



<q>Lost and <qex>bewildered</qex> in the fruitless search.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound;

mystify; embarrass; lead astray.</syn>



<hw>Be*wil"dered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Greatly

perplexed; <as>as, a <ex>bewildered</ex> mind</as>.</def>



<hw>Be*wil"dered*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being bewildered; bewilderment.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Be*wil"der*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing

bewilderment or great perplexity; <as>as, <ex>bewildering</ex>

difficulties</as>.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*wil"der*ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*wil"der*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being bewildered.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bewildering tangle or confusion.</def>



<q>He . . . soon lost all traces of it amid

<qex>bewilderment</qex> of tree trunks and underbrush.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Be*win"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make

wintry.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bew"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>buie</ets> bond, chain, fr. L. <ets>boja</ets> neck collar,

fetter. Cf. <er>Buoy</er>.]</ety> <def>A double slip of leather

by which bells are fastened to a hawk's legs.</def>



<hw>Be*witch"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewitched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bewitching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To gain an

ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect (esp. to

injure) by witchcraft or sorcery.</def>



<q>See how I am <qex>bewitched</qex>; behold, mine arm

Is like a blasted sapling withered up.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a

degree as to take away the power of resistance; to enchant.</def>



<q>The charms of poetry our souls <qex>bewitch</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance.</syn>



<hw>Be*witch"ed*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state of being bewitched.</def>



<au>Gauden.</au>



<hw>Be*witch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bewitches.</def>



<hw>Be*witch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The power

of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm;

fascination.</def>



<q>There is a certain <qex>bewitchery</qex> or fascination in

words.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Be*witch"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having power to bewitch

or fascinate; enchanting; captivating; charming.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Be*witch"ing*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

Be*witch"ing*ness, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Be*witch"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of bewitching, or the state of being

bewitched.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The power of bewitching or charming.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Be*won"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewondered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To fill with

wonder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wonder at; to admire.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*wrap"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bewrapped</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To wrap up; to cover.</def>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Be*wray"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To soil.

See <er>Beray</er>.</def>



<hw>Be*wray"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bewrayed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bewraying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bewraien</ets>, <ets>biwreyen</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

AS. <ets>wr<?/gan</ets> to accuse, betray; akin to OS.

<ets>wr<?/gian</ets>, OHG. <ets>ruog<?/n</ets>, G.

<ets>r\'81gen</ets>, Icel. <ets>r\'91gja</ets>, Goth.

<ets>wr<?/hjan</ets> to accuse.]</ety> <def>To expose; to reveal;

to disclose; to betray.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<q>The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more

hope that the deed shall not be <qex>bewrayed</qex> or known.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</qau>



<q>Thy speech <qex>bewrayeth</qex> thee.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 73.</qau>



<hw>Be*wray"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, bewrays; a revealer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Archaic]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Be*wray"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Betrayal.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Be*wreck"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

wreck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*wreke"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wreak</ets>.]</ety> <def>To wreak; to

avenge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ld. Berners.</au>



<hw>Be*wrought"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>be-</ets> + <ets>wrought</ets>, p. p. of <ets>work</ets>, v.

t. ]</ety> <def>Embroidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Beg</er> a

bey.]</ety> <def>A governor of a province or district in the

Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a

beg; <as>as, the <ex>bey</ex> of Tunis</as>.</def>



<hw>Bey"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.]</ety>

<def>The territory ruled by a bey.</def>



<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biyonde</ets>, <ets>bi<?/eonde</ets>, AS.

<ets>begeondan</ets>, prep. and adv.; pref. <ets>be-</ets> +

<ets>geond</ets> yond, yonder. See <er>Yon</er>,

<er>Yonder</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>On the further side of;

in the same direction as, and further on or away than.</def>



<q><qex>Beyond</qex> that flaming hill.</q>

<qau>G. Fletcher.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>At a place or time not yet reached;

before.</def>



<q>A thing <qex>beyond</qex> us, even before our death.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further

than; greater than; <as>as, the patient was <ex>beyond</ex>

medical aid; <ex>beyond</ex> one's strength.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing;

proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity,

excellence, or quality of any kind.</def> \'bd<xex>Beyond</xex>

expectation.\'b8



<au>Barrow.</au>



<q><qex>Beyond</qex> any of the great men of my country.</q>

<qau> Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<cs><col>Beyond sea</col>. <cd><fld>(Law)</fld> See under

<er>Sea</er>.</cd> -- <col>To go beyond</col>, <cd>to exceed in

ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed

sense, to deceive or circumvent.</cd></cs>



<q>That no man go <qex>beyond</qex> and defraud his brother in

any matter.</q>

<qau>1 Thess. iv. 6.</qau>



<hw>Be*yond"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Further

away; at a distance; yonder.</def>



<q>Lo, where <qex>beyond</qex> he lyeth languishing.</q>

<qau> Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Be*zant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Byzant</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A gold coin of Byzantium

or Constantinople, varying in weight and value, usually (those

current in England) between a sovereign and a half sovereign.

There were also white or silver bezants.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>besant</asp>, <asp>byzant</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A circle in or, i. e., gold,

representing the gold coin called <xex>bezant</xex>.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or

belt, representing circular disks lapping one upon another.</def>



<hw>Bez`-ant"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice (OF. <ets>bes</ets>) + E.

<ets>antler</ets>.]</ety> <def>The second branch of a stag's

horn.</def>



<hw>Bez"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From an old

form of F. <ets>biseau</ets> sloping edge, prob. fr. L.

<ets>bis</ets> double. See <er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>The rim

which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the

crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.</def>



<hw>B\'82*zique"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82sigue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A game at cards in which

various combinations of cards in the hand, when declared, score

points.</def>



<hw>Be"zoar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82zoard</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>b\'bezahr</ets>,

<ets>b\'bedizahr</ets>, fr. Per. <ets>p\'bed-zahr</ets> bezoar;

<ets>p\'bed</ets> protecting + <ets>zahr</ets> poison; cf. Pg. &

Sp. <ets>bezoar</ets>.]</ety> <def>A calculous concretion found

in the intestines of certain ruminant animals (as the wild goat,

the gazelle, and the Peruvian llama) formerly regarded as an

unfailing antidote for poison, and a certain remedy for eruptive,

pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence: Any antidote or

panacea.</def>



<note><hand/ Two kinds were particularly esteemed, the

<xex>Bezoar orientale</xex> of India, and the <xex>Bezoar

occidentale</xex> of Peru.</note>



<cs><col>Bezoar antelope</col>. <cd>See <er>Antelope</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Bezoar goat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the wild

goat (<spn>Capra \'91gagrus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bezoar

mineral</col>, <cd>an old preparation of oxide of

antimony.</cd></cs>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Bez`o*ar"dic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>b\'82zoardique</ets>, <ets>b\'82zoartique</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A medicine containing

bezoar.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bez`o*ar"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bez`o*ar"tic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Bezoardic</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the qualities of

an antidote, or of bezoar; healing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Be*zo"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>besoin</ets> need, want, It <ets>bisogno</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar.</def>



<q>Great men oft die by vile <qex>bezonians</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bez"zle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bezzled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bezzling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OF. <ets>besillier</ets>,

<ets>besiler</ets>, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr.

<ets>embezzle</ets>. Cf. <er>Embezzle</er>.]</ety> <def>To

plunder; to waste in riot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bez"zle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink to excess; to

revel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bhang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Per.

<ets>bang</ets>; cf. Skr. <ets>bhang\'be</ets> hemp.]</ety>

<def>An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves

and seed capsules of wild hemp (<spn>Cannabis Indica</spn>), and

chewed or smoked in the East as a means of intoxication. See

<er>Hasheesh</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bhun"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Indian monkey

(<spn>Macacus Rhesus</spn>), protected by the Hindoos as sacred.

See <er>Rhesus</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice, which

in composition drops the -s, akin to E. <ets>two</ets>. See

<er>Bis-</er>, <er>Two</er>, and cf. <er>Di-</er>,

<er>Dis-</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In most branches of science <xex>bi-</xex> in

composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; <as>as,

<ex>bi</ex>dentate, two-toothed; <ex>bi</ex>ternate, doubly

ternate, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>In the composition of

chemical names <xex>bi-</xex> denotes two atoms, parts, or

equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is

prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent

is present in double the ordinary proportion; <as>as,

<ex>bi</ex>chromate, <ex>bi</ex>sulphide</as>. <xex>Be-</xex> and

<xex>di-</xex> are often used interchangeably.</def>



<hw>Bi*ac"id</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative

atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See

<er>Diacid</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi`a*cu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>acuminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having points in two directions.</def>



<hw>Be*an"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

angles or corners.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*an"gu*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi*an"gu*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulate</ets>,

<ets>angulated</ets>.]</ety> <def>Biangular.</def>



<hw>Bi*an"gu*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>angulous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Biangular.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*an`ther*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>antherigerous</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two anthers.</def>



<hw>Bi`ar*tic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>articulate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having, or consisting of, tow

joints.</def>



<hw>Bi"as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Biases</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>biasis</ets>,

perh. fr. LL. <ets>bifax</ets> two-faced; L. <ets>bis</ets> +

<ets>facies</ets> face. See <er>Bi-</er>, and cf.

<er>Face</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A weight on the side of

the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the

ball, which turns it from a straight line.</def>



<q>Being ignorant that there is a concealed <qex>bias</qex>

within the spheroid, which will . . . swerve away.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A learning of the mind; propensity or

prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind

indifferent; bent inclination.</def>



<q>Strong love is a <qex>bias</qex> upon the thoughts.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<q>Morality influences men's lives, and gives a <qex>bias</qex>

to all their actions.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a

garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its

circumference.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A slant; a diagonal; <as>as, to cut cloth on the

bias</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination.

See <er>Bent</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Inclined to one

side; swelled on one side.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.</def>



<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a slanting manner;

crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; <as>as, to cut cloth

<ex>bias</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bi"as</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Biased</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Biasing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To incline to one side; to

give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to

prepossess.</def>



<q>Me it had not <qex>biased</qex> in the one direction, nor

should it have <qex>biased</qex> any just critic in the counter

direction.</q>

<qau>De. Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Bi`au*ric"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>au riculate</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having two auricles, as the heart of

mammals, birds, and reptiles.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot. & Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two earlike

projections at its base, as a leaf.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*ax"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*ax"i*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>axal</ets>, <ets>axial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld>

<def>Having two axes; <as>as, <ex>biaxial</ex>

polarization</as>.</def> <au>Brewster</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Bi*ax"i*al*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bib</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bib</er>,

v., because the <ets>bib</ets> receives the drink that the child

slavers from the mouth.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small piece of

cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the

clothes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An arctic fish (<spn>Gadus

luscus</spn>), allied to the cod; -- called also

<altname>pout</altname> and <altname>whiting

pout</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bibcock.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bib</hw>, <hw>Bibbe</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bibere</ets>. See

<er>Beverage</er>, and cf. <er>Imbibe</er>.]</ety> <def>To drink;

to tipple.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This miller hath . . . <qex>bibbed</qex> ale.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Bib</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink; to sip; to

tipple.</def>



<q>He was constantly <qex>bibbing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<hw>Bi*ba"cious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibax</ets>, <ets>bibacis</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets>. See

<er>Bib</er>.]</ety> <def>Addicted to drinking.</def>



<hw>Bi*bac"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling.</def>



<au>Blount.</au>



<hw>Bi*ba"sic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>basic</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive

or basic atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of acids. See

<er>Dibasic</er>.</def>



<hw>Bibb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bibcock. See

<er>Bib</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<hw>Bib"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One given to

drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a tippler; -- chiefly

used in composition; <as>as, wine<ex>bibber</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bib"ble-bab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

reduplication of <ets>babble</ets>.]</ety> <def>Idle talk;

babble.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bibbs</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp

support the trestletrees.</def>



<hw>Bib"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cock or

faucet having a bent down nozzle.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bi*bi"rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bebeerine</er>.</def>



<hw>Bib"i*to*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to drinking or tippling.</def>



<hw>Bi"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bible</ets>, L. <ets>biblia</ets>, pl., fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, pl. of <ets><?/</ets>, dim. of <ets><?/</ets>,

<ets><?/</ets>, book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A book.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def><er>The Book</er> by way of eminence, -- that

is, the book which is made up of the writings accepted by

Christians as of divine origin and authority, whether such

writings be in the original language, or translated; the

Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; -- sometimes in a

restricted sense, the Old Testament; <as>as, King James's

<ex>Bible</ex>; Douay <ex>Bible</ex>; Luther's <ex>Bible</ex>.

Also, the book which is made up of writings similarly accepted by

the Jews; <as>as, a rabbinical <ex>Bible</ex></as>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A book containing the sacred writings belonging

to any religion; <as>as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan

<ex>Bible</ex></as>.</def>



<-- 4. (<mark>Fig.</mark>) <def>A book with an authoritative

exposition of some topic, respected by many experts on the

field.</def> -->



<cs><col>Bible Society</col>, <cd>an association for securing the

multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible.</cd> --

<col>Douay Bible</col>. <cd>See <er>Douay Bible</er>.</cd> --

<col>Geneva Bible</col>. <cd>See under <er>Geneva</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bib"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bib</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A great drinker; a

tippler.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bibbler</asp> and

<asp>bibbeler</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bib"li*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or derived from, the Bible; <as>as, <ex>biblical</ex>

learning; <ex>biblical</ex> authority.</as></def>



<hw>Bib`li*cal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of being biblical; a biblical subject.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bib"li*cal*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>According to the Bible.</def>



<hw>Bib"li*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>biblicisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Learning or literature

relating to the Bible.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bib"li*cist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One skilled

in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of religious truth

by the Scriptures.</def>



<hw>Bib"li*o*graph`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Bibliographer.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to write

: cf. F. <ets>bibliographe</ets>.]</ety> <def>One who writes, or

is versed in, bibliography.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bibliographique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to bibliography, or the history of books.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bib`li*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bibliographies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bibliographie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices of

the different editions, the times when they were printed,

etc.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bib`li*ol"a*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bib`li*ol"a*trist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[See. <er>Bibliolatry</er>.]</ety> <def>A worshiper of

books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a believer in its

verbal inspiration.</def>



<au> De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Bib`li*ol"a*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> service, worship,

<ets><?/</ets> to serve.]</ety> <def>Book worship, esp. of the

Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic divine<?/ to the exaltation

of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the

church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter

of the Scriptures.</def>



<au>Coleridge. F. W. Newman.</au>



<hw>Bib`li*o*log"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to bibliology.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An account of books; book lore;

bibliography.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The literature or doctrine of the Bible.</def>



<hw>Bib"li*o*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bibliomancie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of divination,

performed by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and

drawing from them indications concerning future events.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> madness: cf. F.

<ets>bibliomanie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A mania for acquiring

books.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*o*ma"ni*ac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who has a mania for books.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> 

<def>Relating to a bibliomaniac.</def></def2>



<hw>Bib`li*o*ma*ni"ac*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a

bibliomaniac.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*o*peg"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to make fast.]</ety>

<def>Relating to the binding of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<-- p. 143 -->



<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bookbinder.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*op`e*gis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to the art of binding books.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dibdin.</au>



<hw>Bib`li*op"e*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bibliopegic</er>.]</ety> <def>The art of binding books.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bib"li*o*phile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to love: cf. F.

<ets>bibliophile</ets>.]</ety> <def>A lover of books.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Love

of books.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*oph"i*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

lover of books.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*o*pho"bi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> to fear.]</ety> <def>A dread

of books.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bib"li*o*pole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibliopola</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book +

<ets><?/</ets> to sell: cf. F. <ets>bibliopole</ets>.]</ety>

<def>One who sells books.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bib`li*o*pol"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bib`li*op"o*lar</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Bibliopole</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to

the sale of books.</def> \'bd<xex>Bibliopolic</xex>

difficulties.\'b8



<au> Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Bib`li*op"o*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

trade or business of selling books.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*op"o*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same

as <er>Bibliopole</er>.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*op`o*lis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of

or pertaining to bibliopolism.</def>



<au>Dibdin.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bib"li*o*taph</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bib`li*ot"a*phist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> book + <ets><?/</ets> a burial.]</ety>

<def>One who hides away books, as in a tomb.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Bib"li*o*thec</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

librarian.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bib`li*o*the"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def>



<hw>Bib`li*o*the"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibliothecalis</ets>. See <er>Bibliotheke</er>.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to a library.</def>



<au>Byrom.</au>



<hw>Bib`li*oth"e*ca*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibliothecarius</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>biblioth\'82caire</ets>.]</ety> <def>A librarian.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelin.</au>



<hw>Bib"li*o*theke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibliotheca</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> book +

<ets><?/</ets> a case, box, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to place: cf. F.

<ets>biblioth\'8aque</ets>.]</ety> <def>A library.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<hw>Bib"list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bibliste</ets>. See <er>Bible</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who makes the Bible the sole rule of

faith.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A biblical scholar; a biblicist.</def>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Bi*brac"te*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>bracteate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Furnished with, or having, two bracts.</def>



<hw>Bib"u*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bibulus</ets>, fr. <ets>bibere</ets> to drink. See

<er>Bib</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Readily

imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; <as>as, <ex>bibulous</ex>

blotting paper</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.</def>



<hw>Bib"u*lous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bibulous

manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Bi*cal"ca*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>calcarate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*cal"lose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*cal"lous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>callose</ets>, <ets>callous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two callosities or hard spots.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bi*cam"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>camera</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of, or

including, two chambers, or legislative branches.</def>



<au>Bentham.</au>



<hw>Bi*cap"su*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>capsular</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bicapsulaire</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two

capsules; <as>as, a bicapsular pericarp</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*car"bon*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-+ carbonate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A

carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced

by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of

the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the

normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called

<xex>supercarbonate</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{<hw>Bi*car"bu*ret`ed</hw> or <hw>-ret`ted</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>carbureted</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Containing

two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*car"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>carinate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of

grasses.</def>



<hw>Bi*cau"dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having, or

terminating in, two tails.</def>



<hw>Bi*cau"date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>caudate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-tailed;

bicaudal.</def>



<hw>Bic"ched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Of unknown

origin.]</ety> <def>Pecked; pitted; notched.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Bicched bones</col>, <cd>pecked, or notched, bones;

dice.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bice</hw>, <hw>Bise</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bis</ets>, akin to It.

<ets>bigio</ets> light gray, tawny.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>

<def>A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate

of copper, or from smalt; -- called also <altname>blue

bice</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Green bice</col> <cd>is prepared from the blue, by

adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding down the green carbonate

of copper.</cd>



<au>Cooley.</au>  <au>Brande & C.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Bi*cen"te*na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centenary</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; <as>as, a

<ex>bicentenary</ex> celebration</as>.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>The two hundredth anniversary, or its

celebration.</def></def2>



<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>centennial</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of two hundred years.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Occurring every two hundred years.</def>



<hw>Bi`cen*ten"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The two hundredth

year or anniversary, or its celebration.</def>



<hw>Bi*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cephalous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bic\'82phale</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two heads.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi"ceps</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

two-headed; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>caput</ets> head. See

<er>Capital</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle having

two heads or origins; -- applied particularly to a flexor in the

arm, and to another in the thigh.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi*chir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A remarkable ganoid fish

(<spn>Polypterus bichir</spn>) found in the Nile and other

African rivers. See <er>Brachioganoidei</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*chlo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chloride</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or

more atoms of another element; -- called also

<altname>dichloride</altname>.</def>



<cs><col>Bichloride of mercury</col>, <cd>mercuric chloride; --

sometimes called <altname>corrosive

sublimate</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bi"cho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Jigger</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*chro"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>chromate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the

other ingredients; <as>as, potassium <ex>bichromate</ex></as>; --

called also <altname>dichromate</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bi*chro"ma*tize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of

potassium; <as>as, <ex>bichromatized</ex> gelatine</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*cip"i*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biceps</ets>, <ets>bicipitis</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bicipital</ets>. See <er>Biceps</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having two heads or origins,

as a muscle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Pertaining to a biceps

muscle; <as>as, <ex>bicipital</ex> furrows, the depressions on

either side of the biceps of the arm</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Dividing into two parts at one

extremity; having two heads or two supports; <as>as, a

<ex>bicipital</ex> tree</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*cip"i*tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

two heads; bicipital.</def> \'bd<xex>Bicipitous</xex>

serpents.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Beaker</er>.]</ety>

<def>A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a

tub.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bick"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bickered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bickering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bikeren</ets>,

perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. <ets>bicra</ets> to fight, bicker,

<ets>bicre</ets> conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E.

<ets>beak</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To skirmish; to exchange

blows; to fight.<pos>def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Two eagles had a conflict, and <qex>bickered</qex>

together.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contend in petulant altercation; to

wrangle.</def>



<q>Petty things about which men cark and <qex>bicker</qex>.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a

pattering noise; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame.</def>



<q>They [streamlets] <qex>bickered</qex> through the sunny

shade.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Bick"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A skirmish; an

encounter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fight with stones between two parties of

boys.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry

contention.</def>



<hw>Bick"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bickers.</def>



<hw>Bick"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

skirmishing.</def> \'bdFrays and <xex>bickerings</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Altercation; wrangling.</def>



<hw>Bick"er*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Contention.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bick"ern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bigorne</ets>. See <er>Bicorn</er>.]</ety> <def>An anvil

ending in a beak or point (orig. in <xex>two</xex> beaks); also,

the beak or horn itself.</def>



<hw>Bi*col"li*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>colligatus</ets>, p. p. See

<er>Colligate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having the anterior toes connected by

a basal web.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi"col`or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi"col`ored</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bicolor</ets>;

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>color</ets> color.]</ety> <def>Of two

colors.</def>



<hw>Bi*con"cave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>concave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Concave on both

sides; <as>as, <ex>biconcave</ex> vertebr\'91</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*con"ju*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>conjugate</ets>, a.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Twice paired, as when a petiole forks

twice.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bi*con"vex</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>convex</ets>.]</ety> <def>Convex on both

sides; <as>as, a <ex>biconvex</ex> lens</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi"corn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi"corned</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*cor"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bicornis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice

+ <ets>cornu</ets> horn: cf. F. <ets>bicorne</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bickern</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two horns; two-horned;

crescentlike.</def>



<hw>Bi*cor"po*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

bodies.</def>



<hw>Bi*cor"po*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>corporate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld>

<def>Double-bodied, as a lion having one head and two

bodies.</def>



<hw>Bi*cos"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>costate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a

leaf.</def>



<hw>Bi*cre"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crenate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures

are themselves crenate.</def>



<hw>Bi`cres*cen"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crescent</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form

of a double crescent.</def>



<hw>Bi*cru"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>crural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

legs.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*cus"pid*ate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See pref. <er>Bi-</er>,

and <er>Cuspidate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two points or

prominences; ending in two points; -- said of teeth, leaves,

fruit, etc.</def>



<hw>Bi*cus"pid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>One of

the two double-pointed teeth which intervene between the canines

(cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See

<er>Tooth</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Bi*cy"a*nide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Dicyanide</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi"cy*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>cycle</ets>.]</ety> <def>A light vehicle

having two wheels one behind the other. It has a saddle seat and

is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks or

levers.</def>



<hw>Bi"cy*cler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

rides a bicycle.</def>



<hw>Bi*cyc"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

bicycles.</def>



<hw>Bi"cy*cling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The use of

a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle.</def>



<hw>Bi"cy*clism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of

riding a bicycle.</def>



<hw>Bi"cy*clist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bicycler.</def>



<hw>Bi*cyc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to bicycling.</def>



<hw>Bid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bade</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<er>Bid</er>, <mark>(Obs.)</mark> <er>Bad</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Bidden</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Bid</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bidding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bidden</ets>, prop to ask, beg, AS. <ets>biddan</ets>; akin

to OS. <ets>biddian</ets>, Icel. <ets>bi<?/ja</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bittan</ets>, G. <ets>bitten</ets>, to pray, ask, request,

and E. <ets>bead</ets>, also perh. to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to

persuade, L. <ets>fidere</ets> to trust, E. <ets>faith</ets>, and

<ets>bide</ets>. But this word was early confused with OE.

<ets>beden</ets>, <ets>beoden</ets>, AS. <ets>be\'a2dan</ets>, to

offer, command; akin to Icel. <ets>bj<?/<?/a</ets>, Goth.

<ets>biudan</ets> (in comp.), OHG. <ets>biotan</ets> to command,

bid, G. <ets>bieten</ets>, D. <ets>bieden</ets>, to offer, also

to Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to learn by inquiry, Skr. <ets>budh</ets>

to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. <ets>bud<?/ti</ets> to be

awake, E. <ets>bode</ets>, <pos>v.</pos> The word now has the

form of OE. <ets>bidden</ets> to ask, but the meaning of OE.

<ets>beden</ets> to command, except in \'bdto bid beads.\'b8

<root/30.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically :

To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at

auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done

under a contract).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a

greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>bid</ex>

one welcome; to <ex>bid</ex> good morning, farewell,

etc.</as></def>



<q>Neither <qex>bid</qex> him God speed.</q>

<qau> 2. John 10.</qau>



<q>He <qex>bids</qex> defiance to the gaping crowd.</q>

<qau>Granrille.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make

known.</def> <mark>[Mostly obs.]</mark> \'bdOur banns thrice

<xex>bid</xex> !\'b8



<au>Gay.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To order; to direct; to enjoin; to

command.</def>



<q>That Power who <qex>bids</qex> the ocean ebb and flow.</q>

<qau>Pope</qau>



<q>Lord, if it be thou, <qex>bid</qex> me come unto thee.</q>

<qau>Matt. xiv. 28</qau>



<q>I was <qex>bid</qex> to pick up shells.</q>

<qau>D. Jerrold.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To invite; to call in; to request to come.</def>



<q>As many as ye shall find, <qex>bid</qex> to the marriage.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxii. 9</qau>



<cs><col>To bid beads</col>, <cd>to pray with beads, as the Roman

Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <col>To bid defiance to</col> , <cd>to

defy openly; to brave.</cd> -- <col>To bid fair</col>, <cd>to

offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem

likely.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command;

direct; charge; enjoin.</syn>



<hw>Bid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bid</er>.</def>



<hw>Bid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An offer of a price, especially

at auctions; a statement of a sum which one will give for

something to be received, or will take for something to be done

or furnished; that which is offered.</def>



<hw>Bid</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bid</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To pray.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a bid; to state what one will pay or

take.</def>



<hw>Bid"ale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bid</ets> + <ets>ale</ets>.]</ety> <def>An invitation

of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to

contribute in charity for his relief.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bid"da*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Obedient;

docile.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bid"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Bid</er>.</def>



<hw>Bid"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>biddere</ets>. ]</ety> <def>One who bids or offers a

price.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Bid"der*y ware`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Beder</ets> or <ets>Bidar</ets> a town in India.]</ety>

<def>A kind of metallic ware made in India. The material is a

composition of zinc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold

and silver are inlaid or damascened.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

bidry, <asp>bidree</asp>, <asp>bedery</asp>,

<asp>beder</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bid"ding</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Command; order;

a proclamation or notifying.</def> \'bdDo thou thy master's

<xex>bidding</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of making bids; an offer; a

proposal of a price, as at an auction.</def>



<hw>Bid"ding prayer`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(R. C.

Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said

before the sermon.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Angl. Ch.)</fld> <def>The prayer before the

sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of

persons.</def>



<hw>Bid"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymology

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A name used in calling a hen or

chicken.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bid"dy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A familiar form of

<ets>Bridget</ets>.]</ety> <def>An Irish serving woman or

girl.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bided</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Biding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biden</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6dan</ets>; akin to OHG.

<ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, Goth. <ets>beidan</ets>, Icel.

<ets>b\'c6<?/<?/</ets>; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin

to <ets>bid</ets>. See <er>Bid</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Abide</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dwell; to inhabit; to

abide; to stay.</def>



<q>All knees to thee shall bow of them that <qex>bide</qex>

In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To remain; to continue or be permanent in a

place or state; to continue to be.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bide</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To encounter; to

remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to

undergo.</def>



<q>Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are,

That <qex>bide</qex> the pelting of this pitiless storm.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wait for; <as>as, I <ex>bide</ex> my

time</as>. See <er>Abide</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi"dent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bidens</ets>, <ets>-entis</ets>, having two prongs;

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>dens</ets> a tooth.]</ety> <def>An

instrument or weapon with two prongs.</def>



<hw>Bi*den"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having two

teeth.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bi*den"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot. &

Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two teeth or two toothlike processes;

two-toothed.</def>



<hw>Bi*det"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bidet</ets>, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. <ets>bideach</ets>

very little, diminutive, <ets>bidein</ets> a diminutive animal,

W. <ets>bidan</ets> a weakly or sorry wretch.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper

or dragoon for carrying his baggage.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz

bath.</def>



<hw>Bi*dig"i*tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>digitate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

fingers or fingerlike projections.</def>



<hw>Bid"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Residence;

habitation.</def>



<au>Rowe.</au>



<hw>Bield</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A shelter. Same

as <er>Beild</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bield</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shelter.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biennalis</ets> and <ets>biennis</ets>, fr.

<ets>biennium</ets> a space of two years; <ets>bis</ets> twice +

<ets>annus</ets> year. Cf. <er>Annual</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Happening, or taking place, once in two years; <as>as, a

<ex>biennial</ex> election</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Continuing for two years, and

then perishing, as plants which form roots and leaves the first

year, and produce fruit the second.</def>



<hw>Bi*en"ni*al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something

which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a biennial

examination.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant which exists or lasts

for two years.</def>



<hw>Bi*en"ni*al*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in two

years.</def>



<hw>Bier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>b\'91e</ets>, <ets>beere</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/r</ets>,

<ets>b<?/re</ets>; akin to D. <ets>baar</ets>, OHG.

<ets>b\'bera</ets>, G. <ets>bahre</ets>, Icel <ets>barar</ets>,

D<?/ <ets>baare</ets>, L. <ets>feretrum</ets>, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, from the same <?/<?/ <ets>bear</ets> to produce.

See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Barrow</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse

is placed or borne to the grave.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Weaving)</fld> <def>A count of forty threads in

the warp or chain of woolen cloth.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<-- p. 144 -->



<hw>Bier"balk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bier</er>, and <er>Balk</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A

church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Homilies.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Biest"ings</hw>, <hw>Beest"ings</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bestynge</ets>,

AS. <ets>b<?/sting</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/st</ets>,

<ets>beost</ets>; akin to D. <ets>biest</ets>, OHG.

<ets>biost</ets>, G. <ets>biest</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<def>The first milk given by a cow after calving.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<q>The thick and curdy milk . . . commonly called

<qex>biestings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Newton. (1574).</qau>



<hw>Bi*fa"cial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>facial</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the

opposite surfaces alike.</def>



<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bifarius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>fari</ets> to

speak. Cf. Gr. <?/ twofold; <?/ twice + <?/ to say.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Twofold; arranged in two rows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pointing two ways, as leaves

that grow only on opposite sides of a branch; in two vertical

rows.</def>



<hw>Bi*fa"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bifarious

manner.</def>



<hw>Bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bifer</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ferre</ets> to

bear.]</ety> <def>Bearing fruit twice a year.</def>



<hw>Bif"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Beaufin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of apple

peculiar to Norfolk, Eng.</def>  <note>[Sometimes called

<xex>beaufin</xex>; but properly <xex>beefin</xex> (it is said),

from its resemblance to raw beef.]</note>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round

cake; a dried apple.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bi"fid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bifidus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + root of

<ets>findere</ets> to cleave or split: cf. F.

<ets>bifide</ets>.]</ety> <def>Cleft to the middle or slightly

beyond the middle; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear

sinus, with straight margins.</def>



<hw>Bif"i*date</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bifidatus</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifid</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*fi"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>filar</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-threaded;

involving the use of two threads; <as>as, <ex>bifilar</ex>

suspension; a <ex>bifilar</ex> balance.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bifilar micrometer</col> (often called <col>a

bifilar</col></mcol>), <cd>an instrument form measuring minute

distances or angles by means of two very minute threads (usually

spider lines), one of which, at least, is movable; -- more

commonly called a <altname>filar micrometer</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi`fla*bel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flabellate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Flabellate on both sides.</def>



<hw>Bi`fla*gel"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>flagellate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

long, narrow, whiplike appendages.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*flo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*flo"rous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bis</ets> twice

+ <ets>flos</ets>, <ets>floris</ets>, flower.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bearing two flowers; two-flowered.</def>



<hw>Bi"fold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>fold</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double; of

two kinds, degrees, etc.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bi*fo"li*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two leaves; two-leaved.</def>



<hw>Bi*fo"li*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>foliolate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves.</def>



<hw>Bif"o*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foratus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>forare</ets> to bore or pierce.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two perforations.</def>



<hw>Bif"o*rine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biforis</ets>, <ets>biforus</ets>, having two doors;

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves

of certain plants of the order <spn>Arace\'91</spn>. It has an

opening at each end through which raphides, generated inside, are

discharged.</def>



<hw>Bi"forked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bifurcate.</def>



<hw>Bi"form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biformis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>forma</ets>

shape: cf. F. <ets>biforme</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two forms,

bodies, or shapes.</def>



<au>Croxall.</au>



<hw>Bi"formed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

forms.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bi*form"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A double

form.</def>



<hw>Bi*forn"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep. & adv.</pos>

<def>Before.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bif"o*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biforis</ets> having two doors; <ets>bis</ets> twice, two +

<ets>foris</ets> door.]</ety> <def>See <er>Biforate</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*front"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>front</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

fronts.</def> \'bd<xex>Bifronted</xex> Janus.\'b8



<au>Massinger.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*fur"ca*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>furcate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Two-pronged; forked.</def>



<hw>Bi*fur"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To

divide into two branches.</def>



<hw>Bi`fur*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bifurcation</ets>.]</ety> <def>A forking, or division into

two branches.</def>



<hw>Bi*fur"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bifurcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>furca</ets>

fork.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bifurcate</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Coles.</au>



<hw>Big</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>compar.</pos> <er>Bigger</er>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Biggest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh.

from Celtic; cf. W. <ets>beichiog</ets>, <ets>beichiawg</ets>,

pregnant, with child, fr. <ets>baich</ets> burden, Arm.

<ets>beac'h</ets>; or cf. OE. <ets>bygly</ets>, Icel.

<ets>biggiligr</ets>, (properly) habitable; (then) magnigicent,

excellent, fr. OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, Icel. <ets>byggja</ets>, to

dwell, build, akin to E. <ets>be</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of

great size; large.</def> \'bdHe's too <xex>big</xex> to go in

there.\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to

give birth or produce; -- often figuratively.</def>



<q>[Day] <qex>big</qex> with the fate of Cato and of Rome.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having greatness, fullness, importance,

inflation, distention, etc., whether in a good or a bad sense;

<as>as, a <ex>big</ex> heart; a <ex>big</ex> voice; <ex>big</ex>

looks; to look <ex>big</ex></as>. As applied to looks, it

indicates haughtiness or pride.</def>



<q>God hath not in heaven a <qex>bigger</qex> argument.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Big</xex> is often used in self-explaining

compounds; as, <xex>big-</xex>boned; <xex>big-</xex>sounding;

<xex>big-</xex>named; <xex>big-</xex>voiced.</note>



<cs><col>To talk big</col>, <cd>to talk loudly, arrogantly, or

pretentiously.</cd></cs>



<q>I <qex>talked big</qex> to them at first.</q>

<qau>De Foe.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Bulky; large; great; massive; gross.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bif</ets>, <ets>bigge</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>bygg</ets>, Dan. <ets>byg</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bjugg</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Barley,

especially the hardy four-rowed kind.</def>



<q>\'bdBear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with

<qex>bigg</qex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>New English Dict.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Big</hw>, <hw>Bigg</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>biggen</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>byggja</ets> to

inhabit, to build, <ets>b<?/a</ets> (neut.) to dwell (active) to

make ready. See <er>Boor</er>, and <er>Bound</er>.]</ety> <def>To

build.</def> <mark>[Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bi"ga</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Antiq.)</fld> <def>A two-horse chariot.</def>



<hw>Big"am</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bigamus</ets> twice married: cf. F. <ets>bigame</ets>. See

<er>Bigamy.</er>]</ety> <def>A bigamist.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Big"a*mist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Digamist</er>.]</ety> <def>One who is guilty of bigamy.</def>



<au>Ayliffe.</au>



<hw>Big"a*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Guilty of

bigamy; involving bigamy; <as>as, a <ex>bigamous</ex>

marriage</as>.</def>



<hw>Big"a*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bigamie</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bigamus</ets> twice married;

<ets>bis</ets> twice + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> marriage; prob. akin to

Skt. <ets>j\'bemis</ets> related, and L. <ets>gemini</ets> twins,

the root meaning to <ets>bind</ets>, <ets>join</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bigamie</ets>. Cf. <er>Digamy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>

<def>The offense of marrying one person when already legally

married to another.</def>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<note><hand/ It is not strictly correct to call this offense

<xex>bigamy</xex>: it more properly denominated

<xex>polygamy</xex>, i. e., having a plurality of wives or

husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States

the offense is classed under the head of <xex>polygamy</xex>.



   In the canon law <xex>bigamy</xex> was the marrying of two

virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or

once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and

for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in

the latter sense.



<au>Blackstone.</au>  <au>Bouvier.</au>



<q>Base declension and loathed <qex>bigamy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>

</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Big`ar*reau"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Big`a*roon"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bigarreau</ets>, fr. <ets>bigarr\'82</ets>

variegated.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The large white-heart

cherry.</def>



<hw>Big"-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

great belly; <as>as, a <ex>big-bellied</ex> man or flagon</as>;

advanced in pregnancy.</def>



<hw>Bi*gam"i*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>geminate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end

of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a

decompound leaf.</def>



<hw>Bi*gen"tial</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + L. <ets>gens</ets>, <ets>gentis</ets>,

tribe.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Including two tribes or

races of men.</def>



<hw>Big"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the genus

<spn>Priacanthus</spn>, remarkable for the large size of the

eye.</def>



<hw>Bigg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v.</pos> <def>See

<er>Big</er>, <pos>n. & v.</pos></def>



<hw>Big"gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To make

or become big; to enlarge.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<au>Steele.</au>



<hw>Big"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>,

<pos>compar.</pos> of <er>Big</er>.</def>



<hw>Big"gest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><def>,

<pos>superl.</pos> of <er>Big</er>.</def>



<hw>Big"gin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>b\'82guin</ets>, prob. from the cap worn by the

<ets>B\'82guines</ets>. Cf. <er>Beguine</er>,

<er>Biggon</er>.]</ety> <def>A child's cap; a hood, or something

worn on the head.</def>



<q>An old woman's <qex>biggin</qex> for a nightcap.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<hw>Big"gin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coffeepot with a strainer

or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee,

through which boiling water is poured; -- so called from Mr.

<ets>Biggin</ets>, the inventor.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Big"gin</hw>, <hw>Big"ging</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bigging</ets>. See <er>Big</er>, <er>Bigg</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A building.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Big"gon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Big"gon*net</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>b\'82guin</ets>

and OF. <ets>beguinet</ets>, dim of <ets>b\'82guin</ets>. See

<er>Biggin</er> a cap.]</ety> <def>A cap or hood with pieces

covering the ears.</def>



<hw>\'d8Big"ha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A measure of

land in India, varying from a third of an acre to an acre.</def>



<hw>Big"horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Rocky Mountain sheep<spn> (Ovis or

Caprovis montana)</spn>.</def>



<hw>Bight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bi<?/t</ets> a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. <ets>bugt</ets> bend,

bay; fr. AS. <ets>byht</ets>, fr. <ets>b<?/gan</ets>. <root/88.

Cf. <er>Bout</er>, <er>Bought</er> a bend, and see <er>Bow</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A corner, bend, or angle; a

hollow; <as>as, the <ex>bight</ex> of a horse's knee; the

<ex>bight</ex> of an elbow.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geog.)</fld> <def>A bend in a coast forming an

open bay; <as>as, the <ex>Bight</ex> of Benin</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The double part of a rope

when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round,

bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop.</def>



<hw>Bi*glan"du*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>glandular</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

glands, as a plant.</def>



<hw>Big"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Big</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>In a tumid, swelling,

blustering manner; haughtily; violently.</def>



<q>He brawleth <qex>bigly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia. )</qau>



<hw>Big"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being big; largeness; size; bulk.</def>



<hw>Big*no"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the Abb\'82 <ets>Bignon</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having

compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. <xex>B</xex>.

<xex>capreolata</xex> is the cross vine of the Southern United

States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this

genus.</def>



<hw>Big*no`ni*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of pertaining to, or resembling, the

family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example.</def>



<hw>Big"ot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bigot</ets> a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the

Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp.

<ets>bigote</ets> a whisker; hombre de <ets>bigote</ets> a man of

spirit and vigor; cf. It. <ets>s-bigottire</ets> to terrify, to

appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that bigot is from the same

source as <ets>Beguine</ets>, <ets>Beghard</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious

hypocrite.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A person who regards his own faith and views in

matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or

opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or

wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of

opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals;

one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party,

belief, or opinion.</def>



<q>To doubt, where <qex>bigots</qex> had been content to wonder

and believe.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Big"ot</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bigoted.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>In a country more <qex>bigot</qex> than ours.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Big"ot*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Obstinately and blindly

attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably

devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions

of others.</def> \'bd<xex>Bigoted</xex> to strife.\'b8



<au>Byron.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Prejudiced; intolerant; narrow-minded.</syn>



<hw>Big"ot*ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

bigot.</def>



<hw>Big"ot*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bigoterie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of mind

of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own

belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs

opposed to them.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The practice or tenets of a bigot.</def>



<hw>Big"wig`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Big</ets>,<pos>a.</pos>+ <ets>wig</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

person of consequence; <as>as, the <ex>bigwigs</ex> of

society</as>.</def> <mark>[Jocose]</mark>



<q>In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the

<qex>bigwigs</qex> with extreme condescension.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Big"-wigged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>characterized by pomposity of manner.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bi`hy*drog"u*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>hydroguret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other

substance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bi*jou"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bijoux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.; of uncertain

origin.]</ety> <def>A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to

anything small and of elegant workmanship.</def>



<hw>Bi*jou"try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bijouterie</ets>. See <er>Bijou</er>.]</ety> <def>Small

articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc.</def>



<hw>Bij"u*gate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>jugatus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>jugare</ets> to join.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having

two pairs, as of leaflets.</def>



<hw>Bij"u*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bijugus</ets> yoked two together; <ets>bis</ets> twice +

<ets>jugum</ets> yoke, pair.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Bijugate.</def>



<hw>Bike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ethymol.

unknown.]</ety> <def>A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a

swarm.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bikh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hind., fr.

Skr. <ets>visha</ets> poison.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from

<xex>Aconitum ferox</xex> or other species of aconite: also, the

plant itself.</def>



<hw>Bi*la"bi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>labiate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers.</def>



<hw>Bi`la*cin"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>laciniate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Doubly

fringed.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi*la"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

two-masted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of

Manila.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*lam"el*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi*lam"el*la`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lamellate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the

Mimulus; also, having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of

certain flowers.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*lam"i*nar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*lam"i*nate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>laminar</ets>, <ets>laminate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Formed of,

or having, two lamin\'91, or thin plates.</def>



<hw>Bi"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A byland.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Bil"an*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bijlander</ets>; <ets>bij</ets> by + <ets>land</ets> land,

country.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small two-masted

merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting, or for use in canals,

as in Holland.</def>



<q>Why choose we, then, like <qex>bilanders</qex> to creep

Along the coast, and land in view to keep?</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bi*lat"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lateral</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bilat\'82ral</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having two

sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two

parties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the two

sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; <as>as,

<ex>bilateral</ex> symmetry in animals, where there is a

similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the

body</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*lat`er*al"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State

of being bilateral.</def>



<hw>Bil"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bilberries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>b\'94lleb\'91r</ets> bilberry, where <ets>b\'94lle</ets> is

perh. akin to E. <ets>ball</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The European whortleberry (<spn>Vaccinium

myrtillus</spn>); also, its edible bluish black fruit.</def>



<q>There pinch the maids as blue as <qex>bilberry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> Any similar plant or its fruit;

esp., in America, the species <spn>Vaccinium myrtilloides</spn>,

<spn>V. c\'91spitosum</spn> and <spn>V. uliginosum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Bil"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bilboes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rapier; a sword; so named from <xex>Bilbao</xex>, in Spain.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A long bar or bolt of iron with

sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of

prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships.</def>



<q>Methought I lay

Worse than the mutines in the <qex>bilboes</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bil"bo*quet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>The toy called <altname>cup and

ball</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bil"cock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European water rail.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bild"stein</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.

<ets>bild</ets> image, likeness + <ets>stein</ets> stone.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Agalmatolite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bile</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid,

usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes

into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its

characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring

matters.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor;

<as>as, to stir one's <ex>bile</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Prescott.</au>



<note><hand/ The ancients considered the bile to be the

\'bdhumor\'b8 which caused irascibility.</note>



<hw>Bile</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>byle</ets>,

<ets>bule</ets>, <ets>bele</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/le</ets>,

<ets>b<?/l</ets>; skin to D. <ets>buil</ets>, G.

<ets>beule</ets>, and Goth. <ets>ufbauljan</ets> to puff up. Cf.

<er>Boil</er> a tumor, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>A boil.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bi*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>That portion of a group of moldings which

projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a

bolection.</def>



<hw>Bile"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bile</ets> + <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

gallstone, or biliary calculus. See <er>Biliary</er>.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>Bilge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A different

orthography of <ets>bulge</ets>, of same origin as

<ets>belly</ets>. Cf. <er>Belly</er>, <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually

in the middle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>That part of a ship's hull or

bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she

would rest if aground.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Bilge water.</def>



<cs><col>Bilge free</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>stowed in such

a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a

cask.</cd> -- <col>Bilge pump</col>, <cd>a pump to draw the bilge

water from the gold of a ship.</cd> -- <col>Bilge water</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>water which collects in the bilge or

bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain

till it becomes very offensive.</cd> -- <col>Bilge ways</col>,

<cd>the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways,

and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the

vessel.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 145 -->



<hw>Bilge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bilged</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bilging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a

fracture in the bilge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bulge.</def>



<hw>Bilge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship

or other vessel).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to bulge.</def>



<hw>Bil"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the smell

of bilge water.</def>



<hw>Bil"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets> bile: cf. F. <ets>biliaire</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>Relating or belonging to bile;

conveying bile; <as>as, <ex>biliary</ex> acids; <ex>biliary</ex>

ducts.</as></def>



<cs><col>Biliary calculus</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a

gallstone, or a concretion formed in the gall bladder or its

duct.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bil`i*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>The production and excretion of

bile.</def>



<hw>Bi*lif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Generating bile.</def>



<hw>Bil`i*fus"cin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>fuscus</ets> dark.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A brownish green pigment found in

human gallstones and in old bile. It is a derivative of

bilirubin.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bi*lim"bi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>\'d8Bi*lim"bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Malay.]</ety> <def>The berries of two East Indian species

of <spn>Averrhoa</spn>, of the <spn>Oxalide\'91</spn> or Sorrel

family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed when preserved or

pickled. The juice is used as a remedy for skin diseases.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>blimbi</asp> and

<asp>blimbing</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bil"i*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman's

ornament; habiliment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bi"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>biline</ets>, from L. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol. Chem.)</fld> <def>A name applied to the amorphous

or crystalline mass obtained from bile by the action of alcohol

and ether. It is composed of a mixture of the sodium salts of the

bile acids.</def>



<hw>Bi*lin"e*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or included by, two

lines; <as>as, <ex>bilinear</ex> co\'94rdinates</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*lin"gual</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilinguis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>lingua</ets>

tongue, language.]</ety> <def>Containing, or consisting of, two

languages; expressed in two languages; <as>as, a

<ex>bilingual</ex> inscription; a <ex>bilingual</ex>

dictionary.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*lin"gual*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bi*lin"gual*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality

of being bilingual.</def>



<q>The <qex>bilingualism</qex> of King's English.</q>

<qau>Earle.</qau>



<hw>Bi*lin"guar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bilingual</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*lin"guist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One versed

in two languages.</def>



<hw>Bi*lin"guous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilinguis</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two tongues, or speaking

two languages.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bil"ious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biliosus</ets>, fr. <ets>bilis</ets> bile.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the bile.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with

and excess of bile; <as>as, a bilious patient</as>; dependent on,

or characterized by, an excess of bile; <as>as, <ex>bilious</ex>

symptoms</as>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Choleric; passionate; ill tempered.</def> \'bdA

<xex>bilious</xex> old nabob.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>Bilious temperament</col>. <cd>See

<er>Temperament</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bil"ious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

bilious.</def>



<hw>Bil`i*pra"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>prasinus</ets> green.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A dark green pigment found in small

quantity in human gallstones.</def>



<hw>Bil`i*ru"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets> biel + <ets>ruber</ets> red.]</ety>

<fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A reddish yellow pigment present in

human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals;

the normal biliary pigment.</def>



<hw>Bi*lit"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>littera</ets> letter.]</ety>

<def>Consisting of two letters; <as>as, a <ex>biliteral</ex> root

of a Sanskrit verb</as>.</def>  <au>Sir W. Jones</au>. --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A word, syllable, or root, consisting

of two letters.</def></def2>



<hw>Bi*lit"er*al*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

property or state of being biliteral.</def>



<hw>Bil`i*ver"din</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bilis</ets> bile + <ets>viridis</ets> green. Cf.

<er>Verdure</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld> <def>A green

pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by

oxidation.</def>



<hw>Bilk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bilked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bilking</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Origin unknown. Cf. <er>Balk</er>.]</ety> <def>To frustrate

or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by nonfulfillment of

engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip to; <as>as,

to <ex>bilk</ex> a creditor</as>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bilk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thwarting an

adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cheat; a trick; a hoax.</def>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Nonsense; vain words.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person who tricks a creditor; an

untrustworthy, tricky person.</def>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<hw>Bill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bile</ets>, <ets>bille</ets>, AS. <ets>bile</ets> beak of a

bird, proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>bil</ets>, <ets>bile</ets>,

mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. <er>Bill</er> a weapon.]</ety>

<def>A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other

animal.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bill</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Billed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Billing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike; to

peck.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To join bills, as doves; to caress in

fondness.</def> \'bdAs pigeons <xex>bill</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>To bill and coo</col>, <cd>to interchange caresses; --

said of doves; also of demonstrative lovers.</cd></cs>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bell, or boom, of the

bittern</def>



<q>The bittern's hollow <qex>bill</qex> was heard.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Bill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bil</ets>, AS.

<ets>bill</ets>, <ets>bil</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>bil</ets>

sword, OHG. <ets>bill</ets> pickax, G. <ets>bille</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bill</er> bea<?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cutting

instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle; --

used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a <xex>hand

bill</xex>, when long, a <xex>hedge bill</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th

centuries. A common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy,

double-edged, hook-shaped blade, having a short pike at the back

and another at the top, and attached to the end of a long

staff.</def>



<q>France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end

<qex>bills</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who wields a bill; a billman.</def>



<au>Strype.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A pickax, or mattock.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The extremity of the arm of

an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke.</def>



<hw>Bill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To work upon (

as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a bill.</def>



<hw>Bill</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bill</ets>,

<ets>bille</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>billa</ets> (or OF.

<ets>bille</ets>), for L. <ets>bulla</ets> anything rounded, LL.,

seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F. <ets>bille</ets> a ball,

prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. <ets>bickel</ets>, D. <ets>bikkel</ets>,

dice. Cf. <er>Bull</er> papal edict, <er>Billet</er> a

paper.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A declaration made in writing,

stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the

defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a

law.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a

certain sum at a future day or on demand, with or without

interest, as may be stated in the document.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<note><hand/ In the United States, it is usually called a

<xex>note</xex>, a <xex>note of hand</xex>, or a <xex>promissory

note</xex>.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A form or draft of a law, presented to a

legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A paper, written or printed, and posted up or

given away, to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the

sale of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill.</def>



<q>She put up the <qex>bill</qex> in her parlor window.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An account of goods sold, services rendered, or

work done, with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's

claim, in gross or by items; <as>as, a grocer's

<ex>bill</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any paper, containing a statement of

particulars; <as>as, a <ex>bill</ex> of charges or expenditures;

a weekly <ex>bill</ex> of mortality; a <ex>bill</ex> of fare,

etc.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bill of adventure</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Adventure</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of costs</col>, <cd>a

statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs

of a party to a suit or action.</cd> -- <col>Bill of

credit</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Within the constitution of the

United States, a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and

credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. No State

shall \'bdemit <xex>bills of credit<xex>.\'b8 <au>U. S.

Const.</au>   <au>Peters</au>.</cd>   <au>Wharton</au>.  

<au>Bouvier</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Among merchants, a letter sent

by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him to give

credit to the bearer for goods or money.</cd> -- <col>Bill of

divorce</col>, <cd>in the Jewish law, a writing given by the

husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was

dissolved.</cd> <au>Jer. iii. 8</au>. -- <col>Bill of

entry</col>, <cd>a written account of goods entered at the

customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.</cd>

-- <col>Bill of exceptions</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Exception</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bill of exchange</col>

<fld>(Com.)</fld>, <cd>a written order or request from one person

or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person

designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to

be negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So

also the order generally expresses a specified time of payment,

and that it is drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is

called the <xex>drawer<xex>, the person on whom it is drawn is,

before acceptance, called the <xex>drawee<xex>, -- after

acceptance, the <xex>acceptor<xex>; the person to whom the money

is directed to be paid is called the <xex>payee<xex>. The person

making the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is

frequently called a <xex>draft<xex>. See <er>Exchange</er>.</cd>

<au>Chitty</au>. -- <col>Bill of fare</col>, <cd>a written or

printed enumeration of the dishes served at a public table, or of

the dishes (with prices annexed) which may be ordered at a

restaurant, etc.</cd> -- <col>Bill of health</col>, <cd>a

certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health

of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port.</cd> --

<col>Bill of indictment</col>, <cd>a written accusation lawfully

presented to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence

sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it \'bdA true

bill,\'b8 or \'bdNot found,\'b8 or \'bd<xex>Ignoramus</xex>\'b8,

or \'bdIgnored.\'b8</cd>  -- <col>Bill of lading</col>, <cd>a

written account of goods shipped by any person, signed by the

agent of the owner of the vessel, or by its master, acknowledging

the receipt of the goods, and promising to deliver them safe at

the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for

the master to sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of

which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one

is sent to the consignee of the goods.</cd> -- <col>Bill of

mortality</col>, <cd>an official statement of the number of

deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a

district required to be covered by such statement; <as>as, a

place within the <ex>bills of mortality<ex> of London</as>.</cd>

-- <col>Bill of pains and penalties</col>, <cd>a special act of a

legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon

persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any

conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.</cd>

<au>Bouvier.</au> <au>Wharton</au>. -- <col>Bill of

parcels</col>, <cd>an account given by the seller to the buyer of

the several articles purchased, with the price of each.</cd> --

<col>Bill of particulars</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a detailed

statement of the items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or

of the defendant's set-off.</cd> -- <col>Bill of rights</col>,

<cd>a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people. Such

was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons of England

to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted in

Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a

<xex>bill<xex> or <xex>declaration of rights<xex> is prefixed to

most of the constitutions of the several States.</cd> --

<col>Bill of sale</col>, <cd>a formal instrument for the

conveyance or transfer of goods and chattels.</cd> -- <col>Bill

of sight</col>, <cd>a form of entry at the customhouse, by which

goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full

information, may be provisionally landed for examination.</cd> --

<col>Bill of store</col>, <cd>a license granted at the

customhouse to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as

are necessary for a voyage, custom free.</cd> <au>Wharton</au>.

-- <col>Bills payable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>), <cd>the outstanding

unpaid notes or acceptances made and issued by an individual or

firm.</cd> -- <col>Bills receivable</col> (<plu>pl.</plu>),

<cd>the unpaid promissory notes or acceptances held by an

individual or firm. <au>McElrath</au>.</cd> -- <col>A true

bill</col>, <cd>a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand

jury.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bill</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To advertise by

a bill or public notice.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To charge or enter in a bill; <as>as, to

<ex>bill</ex> goods</as>.</def>



<hw>Bil"lage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>and <xex>v.

t.</xex> & <xex>i</xex>. Same as <er>Bilge</er>.</def>



<hw>Bil"lard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An English fish, allied to the cod;

the coalfish.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>billet</asp> and

<asp>billit</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{<hw>Bill`bee"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, or <hw>Bill"bug`</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil. See

<er>Curculio</er>.</def>



<hw>Bill"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A piece of thick plank, armed with iron

plates, and fixed on the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for

the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on

which bills are posted; a bulletin board.</def>

<-- esp. a large board on which the space is rented for

advertising purposes. -->



<hw>Bill" book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A book

in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills, bills of

exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and

receives.</def>



<hw>Bill" bro`ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>One who negotiates the

discount of bills.</def>



<hw>Billed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with,

or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in composition; <as>as,

broad-<ex>billed</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bil"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>billet</ets>, dim. of an OF. <ets>bille</ets> bill. See

<er>Bill</er> a writing.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small paper; a

note; a short letter.</def> \'bdI got your melancholy

<xex>billet</xex>.\'b8



<au>Sterne.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ticket from a public officer directing

soldiers at what house to lodge; <as>as, a <ex>billet</ex> of

residence</as>.</def>



<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Billeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Billeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Billet</er> a

ticket.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To direct, by a ticket or

note, where to lodge. Hence: To quarter, or place in lodgings, as

soldiers in private houses.</def>



<q><qex>Billeted</qex> in so antiquated a mansion.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bil"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>billette</ets>,

<ets>bille</ets>, log; of unknown origin; a different word from

<ets>bille</ets> ball. Cf. <er>Billiards</er>,

<er>Billot</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A small stick of wood,

as for firewood.</def>



<q>They shall beat out my brains with <qex>billets</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A short bar of metal, as of

gold or iron.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An ornament in Norman work,

resembling a billet of wood either square or round.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A strap which

enters a buckle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A loop which receives

the end of a buckled strap.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A bearing in the form of an

oblong rectangle.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bil`let-doux"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Billets-doux</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>billet</ets> note + <ets>doux</ets> sweet, L.

<ets>dulcis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A love letter or note.</def>



<q>A lover chanting out a <qex>billet-doux</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Bil"let*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A round piece of timber at the bow or

stern of a whaleboat, around which the harpoon lone is run out

when the whale darts off.</def>



<hw>Bill"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name applied to several distinct

fishes: <sd>(a)</sd> The garfish (<spn>Tylosurus, or Belone,

<xex>longirostris</spn>) and allied species. <sd>(b)</sd> The

saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (<spn>Scomberesox

saurus</spn>). <sd>(c)</sd> The <spn>Tetrapturus albidus</spn>, a

large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish.

<sd>(d)</sd> The American fresh-water garpike (<spn>Lepidosteus

osseus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bill"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A printed

form, used by merchants in making out bills or rendering

accounts.</def>



<hw>Bill" hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A person

who holds a bill or acceptance.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A device by means of which bills, etc., are

held.</def>



<hw>Bill"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bill</ets> + <ets>hook</ets>.]</ety> <def>A thick,

heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc.

When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a

<altname>hand bill</altname>; when the handle is long, a

<stype>hedge bill</stype> or <stype>scimiter</stype>.</def>



<hw>Bil"liard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the game of billiards.</def> \'bdSmooth as is a

<xex>billiard</xex> ball.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bil"liards</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>billiard</ets> billiards, OF. <ets>billart</ets> staff, cue

form playing, fr. <ets>bille</ets> log. See <er>Billet</er> a

stick.]</ety> <def>A game played with ivory balls o a

cloth-covered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions.

The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall

either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball

into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is

furnished.</def>



<hw>Bill"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Caressing; kissing.</def>



<hw>Bil"lings*gate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for

fish and foul language.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language;

vituperation; ribaldry.</def>



<hw>Bil"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>billion</ets>, arbitrarily formed fr. L. <ets>bis</ets>

twice, in imitation of <ets>million</ets> a million. See

<er>Million</er>.]</ety> <def>According to the French and

American method of numeration, a thousand millions, or

1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million

millions, or  1,000,000,000,000. See <er>Numeration</er>.</def>



<hw>Bill"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Billmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who uses, or is

armed with, a bill or hooked ax.</def> \'bdA <xex>billman</xex>

of the guard.\'b8



<au>Savile.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bil`lon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. Cf.

<er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <def>An alloy of gold and silver

with a large proportion of copper or other base metal, used in

coinage.</def>



<hw>Bil"lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>billot</ets>, dim. of <ets>bille</ets>. See <er>Billet</er>

a stick.]</ety> <def>Bullion in the bar or mass.</def>



<hw>Bil"low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>bylgja</ets> billow, Dan. <ets>b\'94lge</ets>, Sw.

<ets>b\'94lja</ets>; akin to MHG. <ets>bulge</ets> billow, bag,

and to E. <ets>bulge</ets>. See <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A great wave or surge of the sea or other water,

caused usually by violent wind.</def>



<q>Whom the winds waft where'er the <qex>billows</qex> roll.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A great wave or flood of anything.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bil"low</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Billowed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Billowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To surge; to rise

and roll in waves or surges; to undulate.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>billowing</xex> snow.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Bil"low*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full

of billows or surges; resembling billows.</def>



<q>And whitening down the many-tinctured stream,

Descends the <qex>billowy</qex> foam.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bill"post`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bill"stick"er</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose occupation is

to post handbills or posters in public places.</def>



<hw>Bil"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

club; esp., a policeman's club.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Wool Manuf.)</fld> <def>A slubbing or roving

machine.</def>



<hw>Bil"ly*boy`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

flat-bottomed river barge or coasting vessel.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bil"ly goat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A male goat.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<-- p. 146 -->



<hw>Bi*lo"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two

lobes or segments.</def>



<hw>Bi"lobed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>lobe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bilobate.</def>



<hw>Bi`lo*ca"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>location</ets>.]</ety> <def>Double

location; the state or power of being in two places at the same

instant; -- a miraculous power attributed to some of the

saints.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<hw>Bi*loc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>locular</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>biloculaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Divided into two cells or

compartments; <as>as, a <ex>bilocular</ex> pericarp</as>.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bil"sted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Sweet gum</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bil"tong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[S.

African.]</ety> <def>Lean meat cut into strips and

sun-dried.</def>



<au>H. R. Haggard.</au>



<hw>Bi*mac"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>maculate</ets>, a.]</ety> <def>Having, or

marked with, two spots.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bim"a*na</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Bimanous</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Animals

having two hands; -- a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special

order of <xex>Mammalia</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bim"a*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>manus</ets> hand.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two hands; two-handed.</def>



<hw>Bi*mar"gin*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>marginate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a

double margin, as certain shells.</def>



<hw>Bi*mas"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + Gr. <ets><?/</ets> breast.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The condition of having two mamm\'91 or

teats.</def>



<hw>Bi*me"di*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>medial</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines

commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a

square).</def>



<hw>Bi*mem"bral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>membrum</ets> member.]</ety>

<fld>(Gram.)</fld> <def>Having two members; <as>as, a

<ex>bimembral</ex> sentence</as>.</def>



<au>J. W. Gibbs.</au>



<hw>Bi*men"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>mensal</ets>.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Bimonthly</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs. or R.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*mes"tri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bimestris</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>mensis</ets>

month.]</ety> <def>Continuing two months.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bi`me*tal"lic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>metallic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bim\'82tallique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to, or

using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a

system of coins or currency.</def>



<hw>Bi*met"al*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bim\'82talisme</ets>.]</ety> <def>The legalized use of two

metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a

fixed relative value; -- in opposition to

<xex>monometallism</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ The words <xex>bim\'82tallisme</xex> and

<xex>monom\'82tallisme</xex> are due to M. Cernuschi

[1869].</note>



<au>Littr\'82.</au>



<hw>Bi*met"al*list</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

advocate of bimetallism.</def>



<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>monthly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring, done,

or coming, once in two months; <as>as, <ex>bimonthly</ex> visits;

<ex>bimonthly</ex> publications.</as></def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A bimonthly publication.</def></def2>



<hw>Bi*month"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Once in two

months.</def>



<hw>Bi*mus"cu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>muscular</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two adductor muscles, as a

bivalve mollusk.</def>



<hw>Bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>binne</ets>, AS. <ets>binn</ets> manager, crib; perh. akin

to D. <ets>ben</ets>, <ets>benne</ets>, basket, and to L.

<ets>benna</ets> a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W.

<ets>benn</ets>, <ets>men</ets>, wain, cart.]</ety> <def>A box,

frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any

commodity; <as>as, a corn <ex>bin</ex>; a wine <ex>bin</ex>; a

coal <ex>bin</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Bin</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Binned</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Binning</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into a bin; <as>as, to

<ex>bin</ex> wine</as>.</def>



<hw>Bin</hw>. <def>An old form of <er>Be</er> and

<er>Been</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bin*</hw>. <def>A euphonic form of the prefix

<er>Bi-</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi"nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Binary</er>.]</ety> <def>Twofold; double.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Binal</xex> revenge, all this.\'b8



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Bin`ar*se"ni*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>arseniate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the

base.</def>



<au>Graham.</au>



<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>binarius</ets>, fr. <ets>bini</ets> two by two, two at a

time, fr. root of <ets>bis</ets> twice; akin to E.

<ets>two</ets>: cf. F. <ets>binaire</ets>.]</ety> <def>Compounded

or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two

(things).</def>



<cs><col>Binary arithmetic</col>, <cd>that in which numbers are

expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures

only,  0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying

everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is

one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. <xex>Davies<xex> &

<xex>Peck<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Binary compound</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a compound of two elements, or of an

element and a compound performing the function of an element, or

of two compounds performing the function of elements.</cd> --

<col>Binary logarithms</col>, <cd>a system of logarithms devised

by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is

logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and

the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448.</cd> -- <col>Binary

measure</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>measure divisible by two or

four; common time.</cd> -- <col>Binary nomenclature</col>

<fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>nomenclature in which the names

designate both genus and species.</cd> -- <col>Binary scale</col>

<fld>(Arith.)</fld>, <cd>a uniform scale of notation whose ratio

is two.</cd> -- <col>Binary star</col> <fld>(Astron.)</fld>,

<cd>a double star whose members have a revolution round their

common center of gravity.</cd> -- <col>Binary theory</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the theory that all chemical compounds

consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike

qualities.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi"na*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That which is constituted

of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality.</def>



<au>Fotherby.</au>



<hw>Bi"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bini</ets> two and two.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Double; growing in pairs or couples.</def>



<au> Gray.</au>



<hw>Bin*au"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>aural</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining

to, or used by, both ears.</def>



<hw>Bind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bound</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Bound</er>, formerly <er>Bounden</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Binding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>bindan</ets>, perfect tense <ets>band</ets>,

<ets>bundon</ets>, p. p. <ets>bunden</ets>; akin to D. & G.

<ets>binden</ets>, Dan. <ets>binde</ets>, Sw. & Icel.

<ets>binda</ets>, Goth. <ets>bindan</ets>, Skr. <ets>bandh</ets>

(for <ets>bhandh</ets>) to bind, cf. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> (for

<ets><?/</ets>) cable, and L. <ets>offendix</ets>.

<root/90.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To tie, or confine with a cord,

band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; <as>as, to

<ex>bind</ex> grain in bundles; to <ex>bind</ex> a

prisoner.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force

or influence of any kind; <as>as, attraction <ex>binds</ex> the

planets to the sun; frost <ex>binds</ex> the earth, or the

streams.</as></def>



<q>He <qex>bindeth</qex> the floods from overflowing.</q>

<qau>Job xxviii. 11.</qau>



<q>Whom Satan hath <qex>bound</qex>, lo, these eighteen

years.</q>

<qau> Luke xiii. 16.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or

dress; -- sometimes with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex>

up a wound</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make fast ( a thing) <xex>about</xex> or

<xex>upon</xex> something, as by tying; to encircle

<xex>with</xex> something; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a belt about

one; to <ex>bind</ex> a compress upon a part.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To prevent or restrain from customary or natural

action; <as>as, certain drugs <ex>bind</ex> the

bowels</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To protect or strengthen by a band or binding,

as the edge of a carpet or garment.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a

cover; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> a book</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by

authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral

tie; <as>as, to <ex>bind</ex> the conscience; to <ex>bind</ex> by

kindness; <ex>bound</ex> by affection; commerce <ex>binds</ex>

nations to each other.</as></def>



<q>Who made our laws to <qex>bind</qex> us, not himself.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>To bring (any one)

under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a

bond or covenant.</def> <au>Abbott</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>To

place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; <as>as, to

<ex>bind</ex> an apprentice</as>; -- sometimes with

<xex>out</xex>; <as>as, <ex>bound</ex> out to

service</as>.</as></def>



<cs><col>To bind over</col>, <cd>to put under bonds to do

something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc.</cd> --

<col>To bind to</col>, <cd>to contract; <as>as, to <ex>bind<ex>

one's self <ex>to<ex> a wife</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bind up

in</col>, <cd>to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb

in.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict;

oblige.</syn>



<hw>Bind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

tie; to confine by any ligature.</def>



<q>They that reap must sheaf and <qex>bind</qex>.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or

stick together in a mass; <as>as, clay <ex>binds</ex> by

heat</as>.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be restrained from motion, or from customary

or natural action, as by friction.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exert a binding or restraining

influence.</def>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Bind</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which binds or

ties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a

hop vine; a bine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>Indurated clay, when much

mixed with the oxide of iron.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A ligature or tie for grouping

notes.</def>



<hw>Bind"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who binds; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of sheaves; one whose trade

is to bind; <as>as, a <ex>binder</ex> of books</as>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or

band; a bandage; -- esp. the principal piece of timber intended

to bind together any building.</def>



<hw>Bind"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where

books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's

establishment.</def>



<hw>Bind"heim*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Bindheim</ets>, a German who analyzed it.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced

from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite.</def>



<hw>Bind"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That binds;

obligatory.</def>



<cs><col>Binding beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the main

timber in double flooring.</cd> -- <col>Binding joist</col>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>the secondary timber in double-framed

flooring.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent;

astringent; costive; styptic.</syn>



<hw>Bind"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of one who, or that which, binds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a

book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures

the edge of cloth from raveling.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pos>pl.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The transoms,

knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for

connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel.</def>



<hw>Bind"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to bind.</def>



<hw>Bind"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The condition or

property of being binding; obligatory quality.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<hw>Bind"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the genus <xex>Convolvulus</xex>; <as>as, greater

<ex>bindweed</ex> <spn>(C. Sepium)</spn>; lesser

<xex>bindweed</xex> <spn>(C. arvensis)</spn>; the white, the

blue, the Syrian, <xex>bindweed</xex>. The black bryony, or

<xex>Tamus</xex>, is called <xex>black bindweed</xex>, and the

<xex>Smilax aspera</xex>, <xex>rough bindweed</xex>.</def>



<q>The fragile <qex>bindweed</qex> bells and bryony rings.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<er>Bind</er>,

cf. <er>Woodbine</er>.]</ety> <def>The winding or twining stem of

a hop vine or other climbing plant.</def>



<hw>Bi*nerv"ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nervus</ets> sinew, nerve.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Two-nerved; -- applied to

leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having only two nerves, as

the wings of some insects.</def>



<hw>Bing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>bingr</ets>, Sw. <ets>binge</ets>, G. <ets>beige</ets>,

<ets>beuge</ets>. Cf. Prov. E. <ets>bink</ets> bench, and

<ets>bench coal</ets> the uppermost stratum of coal.]</ety>

<def>A heap or pile; <as>as, a <ex>bing</ex> of wood</as>.</def>

\'bdPotato <xex>bings</xex>.\'b8 <au>Burns</au>. \'bdA

<xex>bing</xex> of corn.\'b8 <au>Surrey</au>. <mark>[Obs. or

Dial. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bin*i"o*dide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Diiodide</er>.</def>



<hw>Bink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bench.</def>

<mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bin"na*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>bittacle</ets>, corrupted (perh. by influence of

<ets>bin</ets>) fr. Pg. <ets>bitacola</ets> binnacle, fr. L.

<ets>habitaculum</ets> dwelling place, fr. <ets>habitare</ets> to

dwell. See <er>Habit</er>, and cf. <er>Bittacle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A case or box placed near the helmsman,

containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at

night.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Bin"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large species of barbel (<spn>Barbus bynni</spn>), found

in the Nile, and much esteemed for food.</def>



<hw>Bin"o*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>binocle</ets>; L. <ets>bini</ets> two at a time +

<ets>oculus</ets> eye.]</ety> <fld>(Opt.)</fld> <def>A dioptric

telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a

person to view an object with both eyes at once; a

double-barreled field glass or an opera glass.</def>



<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>binoculaire</ets>. See <er>Binocle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having two eyes.</def> \'bdMost animals are

<xex>binocular</xex>.\'b8



<au>Derham.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at

once; <as>as, <ex>binocular</ex> vision</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Adapted to the use of both eyes; <as>as, a

<ex>binocular</ex> microscope or telescope</as>.</def>



<au>Brewster.</au>



<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or

microscope.</def>



<hw>Bin*oc"u*lar*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a binocular

manner.</def>



<hw>Bin*oc"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

two eyes.</def>



<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>nomen</ets> name: cf. F.

<ets>binome</ets>, LL. <ets>binomius</ets> (or fr. <ets>bi-</ets>

+ Gr. <ets><?/</ets> distribution ?). Cf.

<er>Monomial</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Alg.)</fld> <def>An expression

consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus

(-); <as>as, a+b, or 7-3</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*no"mi*al</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Consisting

of two terms; pertaining to binomials; <as>as, a

<ex>binomial</ex> root</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Nat. Hist.)</fld> <def>Having two names; --

used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two

names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to

which it belongs.</def>



<cs><col>Binomial theorem</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>the

theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a

binomial.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi*nom"i*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Binomial</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to two names;

binomial.</def>



<hw>Bi*nom"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Binominal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*not"o*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bini</ets> two at a time + <ets>tonus</ets>, fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, tone.]</ety> <def>Consisting of two notes;

<as>as, a <ex>binotonous</ex> cry</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi"nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Binate</er>.</def>



<hw>Bin*ox"a*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxalate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the

base; an acid oxalate.</def>



<hw>Bin*ox"ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bin-</ets> + <ets>oxide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Dioxide</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bin"tu*rong</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small Asiatic civet of the genus

<xex>Arctilis</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*nu"cle*ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*nu"cle*ate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>nuclear</ets>, <ets>nucleate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two nuclei; <as>as,

<ex>binucleate</ex> cells</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*nu"cle*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>nucleolus</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having two nucleoli.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-blast</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bioplast</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*oc"el*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>ocellatus</ets>. See

<er>Ocellated</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having two

ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*chem"is*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>chemistry</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The chemistry of living organisms; the

chemistry of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of,

life.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*dy*nam"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>dynamics</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The doctrine of vital forces or

energy.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Bioplasm.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi`o*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*og"e*ny</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life

+ <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, birth.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A doctrine that the genesis

or production of living organisms can take place only through the

agency of living germs or parents; -- opposed to

<contr>abiogenesis</contr>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Life

development generally.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*ge*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to biogenesis.</def>



<hw>Bi*og"e*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A believer

in the theory of biogenesis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi`og*no"sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life  + <ets><?/</ets> investigation.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The investigation of life.</def>



<hw>Bi*og"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

writes an account or history of the life of a particular person;

a writer of lives, as Plutarch.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi"o*graph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi`o*graph"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography.</def>

-- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bi*og"ra*phize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

write a history of the life of.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Bi*og"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Biographies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>; <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to write:

cf. F. <ets>biographie</ets>. See <er>Graphic</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The written history of a person's life.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Biographical writings in general.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi`o*log"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi`o*log"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating to

biology.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi`o*log"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bi*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A student

of biology; one versed in the science of biology.</def>



<hw>Bi*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>biologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of life; that branch

of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from

matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to

do with the origin, structure, development, function, and

distribution of animals and plants.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi*ol"y*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> a dissolving.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The destruction of life.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*lyt"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to destroy.]</ety>

<def>Relating to the destruction of life.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*mag*net"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to biomagnetism.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*mag"net*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>magnetism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Animal

magnetism.</def>



<hw>Bi*om"e*try</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets>-metry</ets>.]</ety> <def>Measurement

of life; calculation of the probable duration of human

life.</def>



<hw>Bi"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> living, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets><?/</ets> to

live.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physiological

individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of

function, in distinction from the morphological individual or

<xex>morphon</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bi*on"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. 

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> law.]</ety>

<def>Physiology.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi"o*phor` Bi"o*phore`</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>

bearing, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of

vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*plasm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> form, mold, fr.

<ets><?/</ets> to mold.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A name

suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be

essential to the functions of all living beings; the material

through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered

protoplasm.</def>



<-- p. 147 -->



<hw>Bi`o*plas"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*plast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> to form.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a

living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood

corpuscle; bioblast.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*plas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Bioplasmic.</def>



<hw>Bi*or"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>organ</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A physiological organ; a living organ; an

organ endowed with function; -- distinguished from

<xex>idorgan</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*stat"ics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets>. See

<er>Statics</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The physical

phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or

vital phenomena.</def>



<hw>Bi`o*sta*tis"tics</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + E. <ets>statistics</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Vital statistics.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*tax`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> life + <ets><?/</ets> arrangement.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The classification of living organisms

according to their structural character; taxonomy.</def>



<hw>Bi*ot"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> pert. to life.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Relating to life; <as>as, the <ex>biotic</ex>

principle</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi"o*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Biot</ets>, a French naturalist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or

dark green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks.

See <er>Mica</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*pal"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>palmate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated.</def>



<hw>Bi`pa*ri"e*tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>parietal</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one

parietal fossa to the other.</def>



<hw>Bip"a*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>parere</ets> to bring forth.]</ety>

<def>Bringing forth two at a birth.</def>



<hw>Bi*part"i*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bipartible</ets>. See <er>Bipartite</er>.]</ety>

<def>Capable of being divided into two parts.</def>



<hw>Bi*par"tient</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partiens</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of

<ets>partire</ets> to divide.]</ety> <def>Dividing into two

parts.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A number that divides

another into two equal parts without a remainder.</def></def2>



<hw>Bi*par"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Divisible

into two parts.</def>



<hw>Bip"ar*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bipartitus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bipartire</ets>;

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>partire</ets>. See

<er>Partite</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Being in two parts;

having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing,

one for each party; shared by two; <as>as, a <ex>bipartite</ex>

treaty</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a

leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bi`par*ti"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts,

or the state of being so divided.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*pec"ti*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi*pec"ti*na`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pectinate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Having two margins toothed like a

comb.</def>



<hw>Bi"ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bipes</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pes</ets>,

<ets>pedis</ets>, <?/oot: cf. F. <ets>bip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety>

<def>A two-footed animal, as man.</def>



<hw>Bi"ped</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having two feet;

two-footed.</def>



<q>By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased,

Became a helpless, naked, <qex>biped</qex> beast.</q>

<qau>Byrom.</qau>



<hw>Bip"e*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bipedalis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bip\'82dal</ets>. See

<er>Biped</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having two

feet; biped.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pertaining to a biped.</def>



<hw>Bi*pel"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>peltate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having a shell

or covering like a double shield.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*pen"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*pen"na*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>pennate</ets>: cf. L. <ets>bipennis</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bipinnate</er>.]</ety> <def>Having two wings.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bipennated</xex> insects.\'b8



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bi*pen"nis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[L.]</ety> <def>An ax with an edge or blade on each side of

the handle.</def>



<hw>Bi*pet"al*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>petalous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two petals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bi`pin*na"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L. <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>pinna</ets>

feather.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of certain

starfishes as developed in the free-swimming stage.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*pin"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*pin"na*ted</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>pinnate</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bipinn\'82</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bipennate</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice pinnate.</def>



<hw>Bi`pin*nat"i*fid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pinnatifid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Doubly pinnatifid.</def>



<note>A <xex>bipinnatifid leaf</xex> is a pinnatifid leaf having

its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions

are pinn\'91 and the secondary <xex>pinnules</xex>.</note>



<hw>Bip"li*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>plicate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Twice folded

together.</def>



<au>Henslow.</au>



<hw>Bi*plic"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being twice folded; reduplication.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Bi*po"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>polar</ets>. Cf. <er>Dipolar</er>.]</ety>

<def>Doubly polar; having two poles; <as>as, a <ex>bipolar</ex>

cell or corpuscle</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi`po*lar"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bipolar

quality.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi"pont</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*pont"ine</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bibliog.)</fld>

<def>Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium

(Zweibr\'81cken), in Bavaria.</def>



<hw>Bi*punc"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>punctate</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

punctures, or spots.</def>



<hw>Bi*punc"tu*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

two points.</def>



<hw>Bi*pu"pil*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pupil</ets> (of the eye).]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an eyelike spot on the wing,

with two dots within it of a different color, as in some

butterflies.</def>



<hw>Bi`py*ram"i*dal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>pyramidal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Consisting of

two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the

extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals.</def>



<hw>Bi*quad"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16,

the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the <xex>biquadrate</xex> of

4.</def>



<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quadratic</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>biquadratique</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>Of or

pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power.</def>



<cs><col>Biquadratic equation</col> <fld>(Alg.)</fld>, <cd>an

equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of

which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power.</cd> --

<col>Biquadratic root of a number</col>, <cd>the square root of

the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9,

and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the <xex>biquadratic<xex>

root of 81. Hutton.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi`quad*rat"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A biquadrate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

biquadratic equation.</def>



<hw>Bi*quin"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>quintile</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>biquintile</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>An aspect

of the planets when they are distant from each other by

<xex>twice the fifth</xex> part of a great circle -- that is,

twice 72 degrees.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*ra"di*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi*ra"di*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>radiate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having two rays; <as>as, a <ex>biradiate</ex>

fin</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi*ra"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ramous</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Having, or consisting of, two branches.</def>



<hw>Birch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Birches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>birche</ets>, <ets>birk</ets>, AS. <ets>birce</ets>,

<ets>beorc</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bj\'94rk</ets>, Dan. <ets>birk</ets>, D. <ets>berk</ets>,

OHG. <ets>piricha</ets>, MHG. <ets>birche</ets>,

<ets>birke</ets>, G. <ets>birke</ets>, Russ. <ets>bereza</ets>,

Pol. <ets>brzoza</ets>, Serv. <ets>breza</ets>, Skr.

<ets>bh<?/rja</ets>. <root/254. Cf. 1st <er>Birk</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A tree of several species, constituting the

genus <spn>Betula</spn>; <as>as, the white or common birch

<spn>(B. alba)</spn> (also called silver birch and lady birch);

the dwarf birch <spn>(B. glandulosa)</spn>; the paper or canoe

birch <spn>(B. papyracea)</spn>; the yellow birch <spn>(B.

lutea)</spn>; the black or cherry birch <spn>(B.

lenta)</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The wood or timber of the birch.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A birch twig or birch twigs, used for

flogging.</def>



<note><hand/ The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba),

being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in

schools. They were also made into brooms.</note>



<q>The threatening twigs of <qex>birch</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A birch-bark canoe.</def>



<cs><col>Birch of Jamaica</col>, <cd>a species (<spn>Bursera

gummifera</spn>) of turpentine tree.</cd> -- <col>Birch

partridge</col>. <cd><fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> See <er>Ruffed

grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Birch wine</col>, <cd>wine made of the

spring sap of the birch.</cd> -- <col>Oil of birch</col>.

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> An oil obtained from the bark of the common

European birch (<spn>Betula alba</spn>), and used in the

preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia

leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. <sd>(b)</sd> An oil

prepared from the black birch <spn>(B. lenta)</spn>, said to be

identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely

sold.</cd></cs>



<hw>Birch</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the birch;

birchen.</def>



<hw>Birch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Birched</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Birching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To whip with a

birch rod or twig; to flog.</def>



<hw>Birch"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating

to birch.</def>



<q>He passed where Newark's stately tower

Looks out from Yarrow's <qex>birchen</qex> bower.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brid</ets>, <ets>bred</ets>, <ets>bird</ets>, young bird,

bird, AS. <ets>bridd</ets> young bird. <?/92.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a

nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).</def>



<q>That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's <qex>bird</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The <qex>brydds</qex> [birds] of the aier have nestes.</q>

<qau>Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warm-blooded, feathered

vertebrate provided with wings. See <er>Aves</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Specifically, among sportsmen, a game

bird.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: A girl; a maiden.</def>



<q>And by my word! the bonny <qex>bird</qex>

In danger shall not tarry.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<cs><col>Arabian bird</col>, <cd>the phenix.</cd> -- <col>Bird of

Jove</col>, <cd>the eagle.</cd> -- <col>Bird of Juno</col>,

<cd>the peacock.</cd> -- <col>Bird louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a wingless insect of the group

Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and

mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

a small mite (genera <spn>Dermanyssus</spn>,

<spn>Dermaleichus</spn> and allies) parasitic upon birds. The

species are numerous.</cd> -- <col>Bird of passage</col>, <cd>a

migratory bird.</cd> -- <col>Bird spider</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a very large South American spider

(<spn>Mygale avicularia</spn>). It is said sometimes to capture

and kill small birds.</cd> -- <col>Bird tick</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a dipterous insect parasitic upon

birds (genus <spn>Ornithomyia</spn>, and allies), usually

winged.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

catch or shoot birds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to

thieve.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bird"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short

blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence:

Anything which smites without penetrating.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bird" cage"</hw>, <or/ <hw>Bird"cage`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cage for confining

birds.</def>



<hw>Bird"call`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for

the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in

making the sound of a birdcall.</def>



<hw>Bird"catch`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.</def>



<hw>Bird"catch`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art, act, or

occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.</def>



<hw>Bird" cher`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

shrub (<spn>Prunus Padus</spn> ) found in Northern and Central

Europe. It bears small black cherries.</def>



<hw>Bird"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

birdcatcher.</def>



<hw>Bird"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.</def>



<hw>Bird" fan`ci*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who

takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious

birds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who has for sale the various kinds of birds

which are kept in cages.</def>



<hw>Bird"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pretty or

dear little bird; -- a pet name.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Bird"i*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A young

bird.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bird"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Birdcatching or

fowling.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Birding piece</col>, <cd>a fowling piece.</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bird"let</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little bird; a

nestling.</def>



<hw>Bird"like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a

bird.</def>



<hw>Bird"lime`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bird</ets> + <ets>lime</ets> viscous substance.]</ety>

<def>An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the

middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing

it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small

birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which

insnares.</def>



<q>Not <qex>birdlime</qex> or Idean pitch produce

A more tenacious mass of clammy juice.</q>

<qau> Dryden.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Birdlime</xex> is also made from mistletoe,

elder, etc.</note>



<hw>Bird"lime`</hw>, <pos>v. t. T</pos><def>o smear with

birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.</def>



<q>When the heart is thus <qex>birdlimed</qex>, then it cleaves

to everything it meets with.</q>

<qau>Coodwin.</qau>



<hw>Bird"ling</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little bird; a

nestling.</def>



<hw>Bird"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fowler or

birdcatcher.</def>



<hw>Bird" of par"a*dise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus

<spn>Paradisea</spn> and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and

the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant

plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers.</def>



<note><hand/ The <stype>Great emerald</stype> (<spn>Paradisea

apoda</spn>) and the <stype>Lesser emerald</stype> <spn>(P.

minor)</spn> furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by

ladies; the <xex>Red</xex> is <spn>P. rubra</spn> or

<spn>sanguinea</spn>; the <xex>Golden</xex> is <spn>Parotia

aurea</spn> or <spn>sexsetacea</spn>; the <xex>King</xex> is

<spn>Cincinnurus regius</spn>.



The name is also applied to the longer-billed birds of another

related group (<spn>Epimachin\'91</spn>) from the same region.

The Twelve-wired (<spn>Seleucides alba</spn>) is one of these.

See <er>Paradise bird</er>, and Note under <er>Apod</er>.</note>



<hw>Bird" pep`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A species of capsicum

(<spn>Capsicum baccatum</spn>), whose small, conical, coral-red

fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers.</def>



<hw>Bird's"-beak`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A molding whose section is thought to

resemble a beak.</def>



<hw>Bird"seed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Canary seed,

hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged

birds.</def>



<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a

glance; hence, general<?/ not minute, or entering into details;

<as>as, a <ex>bird's-eye</ex> view</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes;

<as>as, <ex>bird's-eye</ex> diaper; <ex>bird's-eye</ex>

maple.</as></def>



<hw>Bird's"-eye`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's

eye, the mealy primrose (<spn>Primula farinosa</spn>), and

species of Veronica, Geranium, etc.</def>



<hw>Bird's"-eye` ma"ple</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Maple</er>.</def>



<hw>Bird's"-foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A papilionaceous plant, the

<xex>Ornithopus</xex>, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped

with a short, clawlike point.</def>



<cs><col>Bird's-foot trefoil</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> A genus of plants (<spn>Lotus</spn>) with clawlike

pods. <spn>L. corniculatas</spn>, with yellow flowers, is very

common in Great Britain. <sd>(b)</sd> the related plant,

<spn>Trigonella ornithopodioides</spn>, is also

European.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bird's-mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An interior a<?/gle or notch cut across a

piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as

that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; -- commonly called

<xex>crow's-foot</xex> in the United States.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bird's" nest`</hw>, <or/ <hw>Bird's-nest</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The nest in which a

bird lays eggs and hatches her young.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>The nest of a small swallow

(<spn>Collocalia nidifica</spn> and several allied species), of

China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with

soups.</def>



<note><hand/ The nests are found in caverns and fissures of

cliffs on rocky coasts, and are composed in part of alg\'91. They

are of the size of a goose egg, and in substance resemble

isinglass. See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Edible</er>.</note>



<-- p. 148 -->





<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An orchideous plant with

matted roots, of the genus <spn>Neottia</spn> <spn>(N.

nidus-avis.)</spn></def>



<cs><col>Bird's-nest pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding containing

apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar.</cd> --

<col>Yellow bird's nest</col>, <cd>a plant, the <xex>Monotropa

hypopitys<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bird's-nest`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Hunting

for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents.</def>



<hw>Bird's"-tongue`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The knotgrass (<spn>Polygonum

aviculare</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bird"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Flighty;

passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the

faculty of attention.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Bi`rec*tan"gu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rectangular</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing or having two right angles; <as>as, a

<ex>birectangular</ex> spherical triangle</as>.</def>



<hw>Bi"reme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>biremis</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>remus</ets> oar:

cf. F. <ets>bir\'8ame</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient galley or

vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.</def>



<hw>Bi*ret"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Berretta</er>.</def>



<hw>Bir"gan*der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bergander</er>.</def>



<hw>Birk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Birch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A birch tree.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark> \'bdThe silver <xex>birk</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Birk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small

European minnow (<spn>Leuciscus phoxinus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Birk"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[From  1st

<er>Birk</er>.]</ety> <def>To whip with a birch or rod.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Birk"en</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Birchen; <as>as,

<ex>birken</ex> groves</as>.</def>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Bir"kie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A lively or

mettlesome fellow.</def> <mark>[Jocular, Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Birl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To revolve

or cause to revolve; to spin.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Birl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>byrlian</ets>. <?/92.]</ety> <def>To pour (beer or wine); to

ply with drink; to drink; to carouse.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Dial.]</mark>



<au> Skelton.</au>



<hw>Bir"law</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>By</er><er>-law</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A law made

by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or

by-law.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>byrlaw</asp>,

<asp>birlie</asp>, <asp>birley</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*ros`trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bi*ros"tra*ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having a double beak, or two processes resembling

beaks.</def>



<q>The capsule is bilocular and <qex>birostrated</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ed. Encyc.</qau>



<hw>Birr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Birred</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Birring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>bur</ets>, <ets>bir</ets>, wind, storm wind,

fr. Icel. <ets>byrr</ets> wind. Perh. imitative.]</ety> <def>To

make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in

motion.</def>



<hw>Birr</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A whirring sound,

as of a spinning wheel.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rush or impetus; force.</def>



<hw>Bir"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL., fr. L.

<ets>birrus</ets> a kind of cloak. See <er>Berretta</er>.]</ety>

<def>A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the

Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders

or over the head.</def>



<hw>Birse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bristle or

bristles.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Birt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>byrte</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bertonneau</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bret</er>, <er>Burt</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

fish of the turbot kind; the brill.</def>  <altsp>[Written also

<asp>burt</asp>, <asp>bret</asp>, or <asp>brut</asp>.]</altsp>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Birth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burth</ets>, <ets>birth</ets>, AS. <ets>beor<?/</ets>,

<ets>gebyrd</ets>, fr. <ets>beran</ets> to bear, bring forth;

akin to D. <ets>geboorate</ets>, OHG. <ets>burt</ets>,

<ets>giburt</ets>, G. <ets>geburt</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bur<?/r</ets>, Skr. <ets>bhrti</ets> bearing, supporting;

cf. Ir. & Gael. <ets>beirthe</ets> born, brought forth. <?/92.

See 1st <er>Bear</er>, and cf. <er>Berth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; --

generally applied to human beings; <as>as, the <ex>birth</ex> of

a son</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high

birth; noble extraction.</def>



<q>Elected without reference to <qex>birth</qex>, but solely for

qualifications.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The condition to which a person is born; natural

state or position; inherited disposition or tendency.</def>



<q>A foe by <qex>birth</qex> to Troy's unhappy name.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of bringing forth; <as>as, she had two

children at a <ex>birth</ex></as>.</def> \'bdAt her next

<xex>birth</xex>.\'b8



<au> Milton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>That which is born; that which is produced,

whether animal or vegetable.</def>



<q>Poets are far rarer <qex>births</qex> that kings.</q>

<qau> B. Jonson.</qau>



<q>Others hatch their eggs and tend the <qex>birth</qex> till it

is able to shift for itself.</q>

<qau> Addison.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Origin; beginning; <as>as, the birth of an

empire</as>.</def>



<cs><col>New birth</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>regeneration,

or the commencement of a religious life.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.</syn>



<hw>Birth</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Berth</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>De Foe.</au>



<hw>Birth"day`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The day in which any person is born; day of origin or

commencement.</def>



<q>Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next

The <qex>birthday</qex> of invention.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The day of the month in which a person was born,

in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of

one's birth.</def>



<q>This is my <qex>birthday</qex>; as this very day

Was Cassius born.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<hw>Birth"day`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

day of birth, or its anniversary; <as>as, <ex>birthday</ex> gifts

or festivities</as>.</def>



<hw>Birth"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Birth</ets> + <ets>-dom</ets>.]</ety> <def>The land of

one's birth; one's inheritance.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Birth"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Anything added to raise the sides of a ship.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Birth"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of mean extraction.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Birth"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Some

peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth.</def>



<q>Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a

natural <qex>birthmark</qex>, . . . a snake.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<hw>Birth"night`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The night

in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in

succeeding years.</def>



<q>The angelic song in Bethlehem field,

On thy <qex>birthnight</qex>, that sung thee Savior born.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Birth"place`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The town,

city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or

birth, in its more general sense.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>birthplace</xex> of valor.\'b8



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Birth"right`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any right,

privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth,

such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty

under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the

first born.</def>



<q>Lest there be any . . . profane person, as Esau, who for one

morsel of meat sold his <qex>birthright</qex>.</q>

<qau>Heb. xii. 16.</qau>



<hw>Birth"root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous plant (<spn>Trillium

erectum</spn>), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to

have medicinal properties.</def>



<hw>Birth"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A genus of

herbs and shrubs (<spn>Aristolochia</spn>), reputed to have

medicinal properties.</def>



<hw>Bis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice, for <ets>duis</ets>, fr. root of

<ets>duo</ets> two. See <er>Two</er>, and cf.

<er>Bi-</er>.]</ety> <def>Twice; -- a word showing that something

is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in

accounts.</def>



<hw>Bis*</hw>, <pos>pref.</pos> <def>A form of <er>Bi-</er>,

sometimes used before <xex>s</xex>, <xex>c</xex>, or a

vowel.</def>



<hw>Bi"sa an"te*lope</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Oryx</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*sac"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>saccate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches.</def>



<hw>Bis*cay"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Biscay in Spain.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> 

<def>A native or inhabitant of Biscay.</def></def2>



<hw>Bis"co*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>biscotin</ets>. See <er>Biscuit</er>.]</ety> <def>A

confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet

biscuit.</def>



<hw>Bis"cuit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>biscuit</ets> (cf. It. <ets>biscotto</ets>, Sp.

<ets>bizcocho</ets>, Pg. <ets>biscouto</ets>), fr. L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>coctus</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>coquere</ets> to cook, bake. See <er>Cook</er>, and cf.

<er>Bisque</er> a kind of porcelain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or

fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; <as>as, ship

<ex>biscuit</ex></as>.</def>



<q>According to military practice, the bread or

<qex>biscuit</qex> of the Romans was twice prepared in the

oven.</q>

<qau>Gibbon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and

shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a

number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone

the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>A species of white, unglazed

porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in

miniature.</def>



<cs><col>Meat biscuit</col>, <cd>an alimentary preparation

consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat

ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form

biscuits.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi*scu"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>scutate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Resembling two bucklers placed side by side.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of

the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; -- nearly the same as

the <xex>mistral</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bice</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*sect"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bisected</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bisecting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>secare</ets>, <ets>sectum</ets>, to

cut.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cut or divide into two

parts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>To divide into two equal

parts.</def>



<hw>Bi*sec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bissection</ets>.]</ety> <def>Division into two parts, esp.

two equal parts.</def>



<hw>Bi*sec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, bisects; esp. <fld>(Geom.)</fld> a straight line

which bisects an angle.</def>



<hw>Bi*sec"trix</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The line

bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial

crystal.</def>



<hw>Bi*seg"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>segment</ets>.]</ety> <def>One of tow equal

parts of a line, or other magnitude.</def>



<hw>Bi*sep"tate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>septate</ets>.]</ety> <def>With two

partitions or septa.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*se"ri*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*se"ri*ate</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>serial</ets>, <ets>seriate</ets>.]</ety> <def>In two rows or

series.</def>



<hw>Bi*ser"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>serrate</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Doubly serrate, or having the

serratures serrate, as in some leaves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Serrate on both sides, as

some antenn\'91.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*se"tose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*se"tous</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref. <ets>bi-</ets> +

<ets>setose</ets>, <ets>setous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two

bristles.</def>



<hw>Bi*sex"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sexus</ets> sex: cf. F.

<ets>bissexe</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bisexual.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bi*sex"u*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sexual</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and

pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.</def>



<hw>Bi*sex"u*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bisexual.</def>



<hw>Bi*seye"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Besee</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>Evil biseye</col>, <cd>ill looking.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bikh</er>.</def>



<hw>Bish"op</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bischop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, <ets>bisceop</ets>, AS.

<ets>bisceop</ets>, <ets>biscop</ets>, L. <ets>episcopus</ets>

overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

<ets><?/</ets> over + <ets><?/</ets> inspector, fr. root of

<ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>, to look to, perh.  akin to L.

<ets>specere</ets> to look at. See <er>Spy</er>, and cf.

<er>Episcopal</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or

director.</def>



<q>Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the

Shepherd and <qex>Bishop</qex> of your souls.</q>

<qau>1 Pet. ii. 25.</qau>



<q>It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all

shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the

same officer in the church is called indifferently \'bdbishop\'b8

( <?/ ) and \'bdelder\'b8 or \'bdpresbyter.\'b8</q>

<qau> J. B. Lightfoot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or

Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order

of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally

claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually

the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or

see.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Bishop in partibus</col> [<col>infidelium</col>]

</mcol> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a bishop of a see which does

not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without

especial jurisdiction. <au>Shipley</au>.</cd> -- <col>Titular

bishop</col> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld>, <cd>a term officially

substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus.</cd> -- <col>Bench of

Bishops</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bench</er>.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In the Methodist Episcopal and some other

churches, one of the highest church officers or

superintendents.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a

representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called

<xex>archer</xex>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or

lemons, and sugar.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An old name for a woman's bustle.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<q>If, by her <qex>bishop</qex>, or her \'bdgrace\'b8 alone,

A genuine lady, or a church, is known.</q>

<qau>Saxe.</qau>



<hw>Bish"op</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bishoped</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To admit into the

church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to

favor.</def>



<hw>Bish"op</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bishoped</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bishoping</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From the name of the

scoundrel who first practiced it. <ets>Youatt</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>To make seem younger, by operating on the

teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bishop</ex> an old horse or his

teeth</as>.</def>



<note>The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw

to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the

operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which

is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black.

<au>J. H. Walsh.</au></note>



<hw>Bish"op*dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate.</def> \'bdDivine right

of <xex>bishopdom</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bish"op*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop.</def>



<au>Fulke.</au>



<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bishoplike;

episcopal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bish"op*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a

bishop.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bish"op*ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bisceopr\'c6ce</ets>; <ets>bisceop</ets> bishop +

<ets>r\'c6ce</ets> dominion. See <er>-ric</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A diocese; the district over which the

jurisdiction of a bishop extends.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an

apostle, bishop, or presbyter.</def>



<au> Acts i. 20.</au>



<hw>Bish"op's cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

plant of the genus <spn>Mitella</spn>; miterwort.</def>



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Bish"op sleeve`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A wide sleeve, once

worn by women.</def>



<hw>Bish"op's length`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A canvas for a

portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45

of 56.</def>



<hw>Bish"op-stool`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bishop's seat or see.</def>



<hw>Bish"op's-weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An umbelliferous plant of the

genus <spn>Ammi.</spn></def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Goutweed

(<spn>\'92gopodium podagraria</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bish"op's-wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Wood betony (<spn>Stachys betonica</spn>);

also, the plant called fennel flower (<spn>Nigella

Damascena</spn>), or devil-in-a-bush.</def>



<hw>Bis"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To busy; to

employ.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bi*sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of metasilicic acid; -- so called

because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of

the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the

most common and important minerals.</def>



<hw>Bisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety> <def>Soup or broth made by boiling

several sorts of flesh together.</def>



<au>King.</au>



<hw>Bisk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bisque</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Tennis)</fld> <def>See <er>Bisque</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bi*smare"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bi*smer"</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bismer</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shame; abuse.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bis"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

rule steelyard.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The fifteen-spined

(<spn>Gasterosteus spinachia</spn>).</def>



<hw>\'d8Bis*mil"lah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos>

<ety>[Arabic, in the name of God!]</ety> <def>An adjuration or

exclamation common among the Mohammedans.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Bizmillah</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bis"mite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher.</def>



<hw>Bis"muth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ger.

<ets>bismuth</ets>, <ets>wismuth</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bismuth</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>One of the

elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in

rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather

brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across.

It melts at 507<deg/ Fahr., being easily fused in the flame of a

candle. It is found in a native state, and as a constituent of

some minerals. Specific gravity 9.8. Atomic weight 207.5. Symbol

Bi.</def>



<note><hand/ Chemically, bismuth (with arsenic and antimony is

intermediate between the metals and nonmetals; it is used in

thermo-electric piles, and as an alloy with lead and tin in the

fusible alloy or metal. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic substance

known.</note>



<cs><col>Bismuth glance</col>, <cd>bismuth sulphide;

bismuthinite.</cd> -- <col>Bismuth ocher</col>, <cd>a native

bismuth oxide; bismite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bis"muth*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing

bismuth.</def>



<hw>Bis"muth*ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing

bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; <as>as,

<ex>bismuthic</ex> oxide</as>.</def>



<hw>Bis`muth*if"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bismuth</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Containing bismuth.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bis"muth*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bis"muth*in*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Native bismuth sulphide; -- sometimes called

<xex>bismuthite</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bis"muth*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of, or

containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower

valence.</def>



<hw>Bis"muth*yl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy

mineral of a dull white or yellowish color.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>bismuthite</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bi"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bison</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, a wild ox; akin to OHG.

<ets>wisunt</ets>, <ets>wisant</ets>, G. <ets>wisent</ets>, AS.

<ets>wesend</ets>, Icel. <ets>v\'c6sundr</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bison</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>The aurochs or European bison.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

American bison buffalo (<spn>Bison Americanus</spn>), a large,

gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black

horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate

portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited

districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly

decreasing in numbers.</def>



<-- p. 149 -->



<hw>Bi*spi"nose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>spinose</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having two spines.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bisque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of <ets>biscuit</ets>.]</ety> <def>Unglazed white

porcelain.</def>



<hw>Bisque</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A point taken

by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra

innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bisque</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>A white

soup made of crayfish.</def>



<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bissextilis</ets> annus, fr. <ets>bissextus</ets> (<ets>bis

+ sextus</ets> sixth, fr. <ets>sex</ets> six) the sixth of the

calends of March, or twenty-fourth day of February, which was

reckoned twice every fourth year, by the intercalation of a

day.]</ety> <def>Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is

added to the month of February on account of the excess of the

tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one

day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year,

which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year.

Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end

of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is

retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400.</def>



<hw>Bis*sex"tile</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to leap

year.</def>



<hw>Bis"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bisen</ets>, <ets>bisne</ets>, AS. <ets>bisen</ets>, prob.

for <ets>b\'c6s<?/ne</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + <ets>s<?/ne</ets>

clear, akin to <ets>se\'a2n</ets> to see; clear when near, hence

short-sighted. See <er>See</er>.]</ety> <def>Purblind;

blinding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bd<xex>Bisson</xex>

rheum.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bis"ter</hw>, <hw>Bis"tre</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bistre</ets> a color made of soot; of

unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. <ets>biester</ets> frowning,

dark, ugly.]</ety> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A dark brown pigment

extracted from the soot of wood.</def>



<hw>Bi*stip"uled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>stipule</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Having two stipules.</def>



<hw>Bis"tort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bis +

tortus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>torquere</ets> to twist: cf. F.

<ets>bistorte</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An herbaceous

plant of the genus <xex>Polygonum</xex>, section

<xex>Bistorta</xex>; snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in

medicine as an astringent.</def>



<hw>Bis"tou*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bistouries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>bistouri</ets>.]</ety> <def>A surgical instrument consisting

of a slender knife, either straight or curved, generally used by

introducing it beneath the part to be divided, and cutting

towards the surface.</def>



<hw>Bis"tre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bister</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*sul"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulcate</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having two grooves or furrows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Cloven; said of a foot or

hoof.</def>



<hw>Bi*sul"cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bisulcus</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>sulcus</ets>

furrow.]</ety> <def>Bisulcate.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bi*sul"phate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is

replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the

proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice

what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.</def>



<hw>Bi*sul"phide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphide</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a

disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently called

<xex>bisulphuret</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bi*sul"phite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of sulphurous acid in which the

base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid

sulphite.</def>



<hw>Bi*sul"phu*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>sulphuret</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bisulphide</er>.</def>



<hw>Bit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bitt</ets>, <ets>bite</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets>, bite, fr.

<ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite. See <er>Bite</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in

the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins

are fastened.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The foamy bridle with the <qex>bit</qex> of gold.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.</def>



<hw>Bit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bitted</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bitting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To put a bridle upon; to put

the bit in the mouth of.</def>



<hw>Bit</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bit</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>, AS.

<ets>bita</ets>, fr. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite; akin to D.

<ets>beet</ets>, G. <ets>bissen</ets> bit, morsel, Icel.

<ets>biti</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>, <ets>v</ets>., and cf.

<er>Bit</er> part of a bridle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A part of

anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a

morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a

mite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Somewhat; something, but not very great.</def>



<q>My young companion was a <qex>bit</qex> of a poet.</q>

<qau>T. Hook.</qau>



<note><hand/ This word is used, also, like <xex>jot</xex> and

<xex>whit</xex>, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a

<xex>bit</xex> wiser.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes,

usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See

<er>Bitstock</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The part of a key which enters the lock and acts

upon the bolt and tumblers.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The cutting iron of a plane.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small

silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth

about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents.</def>



<cs><col>Bit my bit</col>, <cd>piecemeal.</cd></cs>



<au> Pope.</au>



<hw>Bit</hw>, <pos>3d sing. pr.</pos> <def>of <er>Bid</er>, for

<xex>biddeth</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bi*take"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Betake</er>, <er>Betaught</er>.]</ety> <def>To commend; to

commit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bi*tan"gent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>tangent</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Geom.)</fld>

<def>Possessing the property of touching at two points.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A line that touches a curve in two

points.</def></def2>



<hw>Bi*tar"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of tartaric acid in which the base

replaces but half the acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream

of tartar.</def>



<hw>Bitch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biche</ets>, <ets>bicche</ets>, AS. <ets>bicce</ets>; cf.

Icel. <ets>bikkja</ets>, G. <ets>betze</ets>,

<ets>peize</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The female of the

canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a

lewd woman.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Bit</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Bitten</er> <pr>(?)</pr>, <er>Bit</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Biting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>biten</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>bijten</ets>, OS. <ets>b\'c6tan</ets>, OHG.

<ets>b\'c6zan</ets>, G. <ets>beissen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>beitan</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'c6ta</ets>, Sw. <ets>bita</ets>,

Dan. <ets>bide</ets>, L. <ets>findere</ets> to cleave, Skr.

<ets>bhid</ets> to cleave. <root/87. Cf. <er>Fissure</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or

nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the

teeth; <as>as, to <ex>bite</ex> an apple; to <ex>bite</ex> a

crust; the dog <ex>bit</ex> a man.</as></def>



<q>Such smiling rogues as these,

Like rats, oft <qex>bite</qex> the holy cords atwain.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of

some insects) used in taking food.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or

injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; <as>as, pepper

<ex>bites</ex> the mouth</as>.</def> \'bdFrosts do

<xex>bite</xex> the meads.\'b8



<au> Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cheat; to trick; to take in.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to;

<as>as, the anchor <ex>bites</ex> the ground</as>.</def>



<q>The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that

its purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to

<qex>bite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To bite the dust</col>, <col>To bite the

ground</col></mcol>, <cd>to fall in the agonies of death; as, he

made his enemy <xex>bite the dust<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To bite

in</col> <fld>(Etching)</fld>, <cd>to corrode or eat into

metallic plates by means of an acid.</cd> -- <col>To bite the

thumb at</col> (any one), <cd>formerly a mark of contempt,

designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy.</cd>  \'bdDo you

<xex>bite your thumb at<xex> us ?\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To

bite the tongue</col>, <cd>to keep silence.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>.</cs>



<hw>Bite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the teeth;

to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog

<xex>bite</xex>?</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause a smarting sensation; to have a

property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent; <as>as, it

<ex>bites</ex> like pepper or mustard</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt

or injure; to have the property of so doing.</def>



<q>At the last it [wine] <qex>biteth</qex> like serpent, and

stingeth like an adder.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxiii. 32.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does;

hence, to take a tempting offer.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To take or keep a firm hold; <as>as, the anchor

<ex>bites</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bite</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bite</ets>,

<ets>bit</ets>, <ets>bitt</ets>, AS. <ets>bite</ets> bite, fr.

<ets>b\'c6tan</ets> to bite, akin to Icel. <ets>bit</ets>, OS.

<ets>biti</ets>, G. <ets>biss</ets>. See <er>Bite</er>,

<ets>v</ets>., and cf. <er>Bit</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or

separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or

mouth, as of a bait; <as>as, to give anything a hard

<ex>bite</ex></as>.</def>



<q>I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six

hours for a river carp, and not have a <qex>bite</qex>.</q>

<qau>Walton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ

for taking food, as is done by some insects.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The wound made by biting; <as>as, the pain of a

dog's or snake's <ex>bite</ex>; the <ex>bite</ex> of a

mosquito.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A morsel; as much as is taken at once by

biting.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The hold which the short end of a lever has upon

the thing to be lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine

has upon another.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A cheat; a trick; a fraud.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The baser methods of getting money by fraud and

<qex>bite</qex>, by deceiving and overreaching.</q>

<qau>Humorist.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sharper; one who cheats.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A blank on the edge or

corner of a page, owing to a portion of the frisket, or something

else, intervening between the type and paper.</def>



<hw>Bit"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is inclined

to bite, as a dog or fish.</def> \'bdGreat barkers are no

<xex>biters</xex>.\'b8



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who cheats; a sharper.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au> Spectator.</au>



<hw>Bi*ter"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ternate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld><def>Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three

ternate leaflets.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi*ter"nate*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bi"the*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>theism</ets>.]</ety> <def>Belief in the

existence of two gods; dualism.</def>



<hw>Bit"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That bites;

sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic.</def> \'bdA <xex>biting</xex>

affliction.\'b8  \'bdA <xex>biting</xex> jest.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bit"ing in"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Etching.)</fld> <def>The

process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by means of

an acid. See <er>Etch</er>.</def>



<au>G. Francis.</au>



<hw>Bit"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a biting

manner.</def>



<hw>Bit"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Not having a

bit or bridle.</def>



<hw>Bit"stock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stock or

handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace.</def>



<hw>Bitt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bitts</er>.</def>



<hw>Bitt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To put round the

bitts; <as>as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to

slacken it gradually, which is called <ex>veering

away</ex></as>.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Bit"ta*cle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

binnacle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of

<er>Bite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bit"ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bitts</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>AA turn of the

cable which is round the bitts.</def>



<cs><col>Bitter end</col>, <cd>that part of a cable which is

abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at

anchor.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>biter</ets>; akin to Goth. <ets>baitrs</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bitr</ets>, Dan., Sw., D., & G. <ets>bitter</ets>, OS.

<ets>bittar</ets>, fr. root of E. <ets>bite</ets>. See

<er>Bite</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a

peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an

infusion of hops; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> medicine;

<ex>bitter</ex> as aloes.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp;

severe; <as>as, a <ex>bitter</ex> cold day</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to

the mind; calamitous; poignant.</def>



<q>It is an evil thing and <qex>bitter</qex>, that thou hast

forsaken the Lord thy God.</q>

<qau>Jer. ii. 19.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Characterized by sharpness, severity, or

cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; <as>as, <ex>bitter</ex>

reproach</as>.</def>



<q>Husbands, love your wives, and be not <qex>bitter</qex>

against them.</q>

<qau>Col. iii. 19.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Mournful; sad; distressing; painful;

pitiable.</def>



<q>The Egyptians . . . made their lives <qex>bitter</qex> with

hard bondage.</q>

<qau>Ex. i. 14.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Bitter apple</col>, <col>Bitter cucumber</col>,

<col>Bitter gourd</col></mcol>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See

<er>Colocynth</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter cress</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus <spn>Cardamine</spn>,

esp. <spn>C. amara</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Bitter earth</col>

<fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>tale earth; calcined magnesia.</cd> --

<col>Bitter principles</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a class of

substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong

bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical

characteristics.</cd> -- <col>Bitter salt</col>, <cd>Epsom

salts;; magnesium sulphate.</cd> -- <col>Bitter vetch</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name given to two European leguminous

herbs, <spn>Vicia Orobus</spn> and <spn>Ervum Ervilia</spn>.</cd>

-- <col>To the bitter end</col>, <cd>to the last extremity,

however calamitous.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting;

severe; acrimonious.</syn>



<hw>Bit"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any substance

that is bitter. See <er>Bitters</er>.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make bitter.</def>



<au>Wolcott.</au>



<hw>Bit"ter*bump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>the butterbump or bittern.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

bitterness.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bit"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bitter compound used

in adulterating beer; bittern.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat bitter.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<hw>Bit"ter*ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A roachlike European fish

(<spn>Rhodima amarus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bitter

manner.</def>



<hw>Bit"tern</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bitoure</ets>, <ets>betore</ets>, <ets>bitter</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>butor</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A wading bird of the genus <spn>Botaurus</spn>, allied to

the herons, of various species.</def>



<note><hand/ The common European bittern is <spn>Botaurus

stellaris</spn>. It makes, during the brooding season, a noise

called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming. The American

bittern is <spn>B. lentiginosus</spn>, and is also called

<altname>stake-driver</altname> and <altname>meadow

hen</altname>. See <er>Stake-driver</er>.</note>



<note>The name is applied to other related birds, as the

<altname>least bittern</altname> (<spn>Ardetta exilis</spn>), and

the <altname>sun bittern</altname>.</note>



<hw>Bit"tern</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bitter</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The brine which remains in

salt works after the salt is concreted, having a bitter taste

from the chloride of magnesium which it contains.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus

Indicus, etc., used by fraudulent brewers in adulterating

beer.</def>



<au>Cooley.</au>



<hw>Bit"ter*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>biternys</ets>; <ets>biter</ets> better + <ets>-nys</ets> =

<ets>-ness</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality or state of

being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative

sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of

reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of

mind.</def>



<q>The lip that curls with <qex>bitterness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Percival.</qau>



<q>I will complain in the <qex>bitterness</qex> of my soul.</q>

<qau> Job vii. 11.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A state of extreme impiety or enmity to

God.</def>



<q>Thou art in the gall of <qex>bitterness</qex>, and in the bond

of iniquity.</q>

<qau>Acts viii. 23.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw

persons to apostasy.</def>



<q>Looking diligently, . . . lest any root of

<qex>bitterness</qex> springing up trouble you.</q>

<qau>Heb. xii. 15.</qau>



<hw>Bit"ter*nut"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

swamp hickory (<spn>Carya amara</spn>). Its thin-shelled nuts are

bitter.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*root`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Lewisia rediviva</spn>)

allied to the purslane, but with fleshy, farinaceous roots,

growing in the mountains of Idaho, Montana, etc. It gives the

name to the Bitter Root mountains and river. The Indians call

both the plant and the river <xex>Sp\'91t'lum</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bit"ters</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>A liquor,

generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or root is

steeped.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter spar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A common name of

dolomite; -- so called because it contains magnesia, the soluble

salts of which are bitter. See <er>Dolomite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Sweet

and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a

bitter after taste; hence (<xex>Fig</xex>.), pleasant but

painful.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*sweet`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything

which is bittersweet.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of apple so called.</def>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A climbing shrub,

with oval coral-red berries (<spn>Solanum dulcamara</spn>); woody

nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at

first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal

<spn>dulcamara</spn>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American woody

climber (<spn>Celastrus scandens</spn>), whose yellow capsules

open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the

seeds; -- also called <altname>Roxbury waxwork</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of Ambrosia <spn>(A.

artemisi\'91folia)</spn>; Roman worm wood.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bit"ter*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A West

Indian tree <spn>(Picr\'91na excelsa)</spn> from the wood of

which the bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained.</def>



<hw>Bit"ter*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The yellow gentian (<spn>Gentiana

lutea</spn>), which has a very bitter taste.</def>



<hw>Bit"tock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bit</er> a morsel.]</ety> <def>A small bit of anything, of

indefinite size or quantity; a short distance.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bit"tor Bit"tour</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bittern</er>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bittern.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bitts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bitte</ets>, Icel. <ets>biti</ets>, a beam. <?/87.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame of two strong timbers fixed

perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten

the cables as the ship rides at anchor, or in warping. Other

bitts are used for belaying (<xex>belaying bitts</xex>), for

sustaining the windlass (<xex>carrick bitts</xex>, <xex>winch

bitts</xex>, or <xex>windlass bitts</xex>), to hold the pawls of

the windlass (<xex>pawl bitts</xex>) etc.</def>



<hw>Bi*tume"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>Bitumen.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>May.</au>



<hw>Bi*tumed"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Smeared with

bitumen.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe hatches caulked and

<xex>bitumed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bi*tu"men</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bitumen</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitume</ets>. Cf.

<er>B\'82ton</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mineral pitch; a

black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. 

It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on

the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements,

in the construction of pavements, etc. See <er>Asphalt</er>.

</def>



<-- p. 150 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>By extension, any one of the natural

hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called

asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily

petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.</def>



<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bituminated</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bituminating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L.

<ets>bituminatus</ets>, p. p. of <ets>bituminare</ets> to

bituminate. See <er>Bitumen</er>.]</ety> <def>To treat or

impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bituminated</xex> walls of Babylon.\'b8



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Bi*tu`mi*nif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bitumen</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Producing bitumen.</def>



<au>Kirwan.</au>



<hw>Bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bituminisation</ets>.]</ety> <def>The process

of bituminizing.</def>



<au>Mantell.</au>



<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bituminized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bituminizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bituminiser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To prepare, treat,

impregnate, or coat with bitumen.</def>



<hw>Bi*tu"mi*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bituminosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bitumineux</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen;

containing bitumen.</def>



<q>Near that <qex>bituminous</qex> lake where Sodom flamed.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Bituminous coal</col>, <cd>a kind of coal which yields,

when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter.

It burns with a yellow smoky flame.</cd> -- <col>Bituminous

limestone</col>, <cd>a mineral of a brown or black color,

emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so

charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap.</cd> --

<col>Bituminous shale</col>, <cd>an argillaceous shale

impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bi"u*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>urea</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5,

formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and

cyanuric acid.</def>



<hw>Biv"a*len*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>The quality of being bivalent.</def>



<hw>Biv"a*lent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>valens</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> See

<er>Valence</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Equivalent in

combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen;

dyad.</def>



<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bivalve</ets>; <ets>bi-</ets> (L. <ets>bis</ets>) +

<ets>valve</ets> valve.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or

valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which

is usually strengthened by prominences called <xex>teeth</xex>.

The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles

attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as

in the oyster. See Mollusca.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A pericarp in which the seed

case opens or splits into two parts or valves.</def>



<hw>Bi"valve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>valve</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l. &

Bot.)</fld> <def>Having two shells or valves which open and shut,

as the oyster and certain seed vessels.</def>



<hw>Bi"valved</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having two

valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve.</def>



<hw>Bi*val"vous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bivalvular.</def>



<hw>Bi*val"vu*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

two valves.</def>



<hw>Bi*vault"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vault</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having two vaults

or arches.</def>



<hw>Bi*vec"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>vector</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld>

<def>A term made up of the two parts <?/ + <?/1 <?/-1, where <?/

and <?/1  are vectors.</def>



<hw>Bi*ven"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>ventral</ets>.]</ety> <def>(Anat.) Having

two bellies or protuberances; <as>as, a <ex>biventral</ex>, or

digastric, muscle, or the <ex>biventral</ex> lobe of the

cerebellum</as>.</def>



<hw>Biv"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or relating

to the bivium.</def>



<hw>Biv"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bivius</ets>; <ets>bis</ets> twice + <ets>via</ets>

way.]</ety> <def>Having, or leading, two ways.</def>



<q><qex>Bivious</qex> theorems and Janus-faced doctrines.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Biv"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

place with two ways. See <er>Bivious</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One side of an echinoderm, including a

pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side

(<xex>trivium</xex>), which includes three ambulacra.</def>



<hw>Biv"ouac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bivouac</ets>, <ets>bivac</ets>, prab. fr. G.

<ets>beiwache</ets>, or <ets>beiwacht</ets>; <ets>bei</ets> by,

near + <ets>wachen</ets> to watch, <ets>wache</ets> watch, guard.

See <er>By</er>, and <er>Watch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>The watch of a whole army by night, when in

danger of surprise or attack.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An

encampment for the night without tents or covering.</def>



<hw>Biv"ouac</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bivouacked</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bivouacking</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>To encamp for the night without tents or

covering.</def>



<hw>Bi"week`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Pref.

<ets>bi-</ets> + <ets>weekly</ets>.]</ety> <def>Occurring or

appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A publication issued every two

weeks.</def></def2> -- <wordforms><wf>Bi"week"ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bi*wreye"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bewray;

to reveal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Biz"an*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Byzantine</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*zarre"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bizarre</ets> odd, fr. Sp. <ets>bizarro</ets> gallant,

brave, liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque

<ets>bizarra</ets> beard, whence the meaning <ets>manly</ets>,

<ets>brave</ets>.]</ety> <def>Odd in manner or appearance;

fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque.</def>



<au> C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Bi*zet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bezel</er>.]</ety> <def>The upper faceted portion of a

brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and

occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See

<er>Brilliant</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Blab</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blabbed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Blabbing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>blaberen</ets>, or Dan. <ets>blabbre</ets>, G.

<ets>plappern</ets>, Gael. <ets>blabaran</ets> a stammerer; prob.

of imitative origin. Cf. also <er>Blubber</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a

thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without

reserve or discretion.</def>



<au>Udall.</au>



<q>And yonder a vile physician <qex>blabbing</qex>

The case of his patient.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Blab</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To talk thoughtlessly or

without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales.</def>



<q>She must burst or <qex>blab</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Blab</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>blabbe</ets>.]</ety>

<def>One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale.</def> \'bdAvoided as a

<xex>blab</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>For who will open himself to a <qex>blab</qex> or a

babbler.</q>

<qau> Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Blab"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tattler; a

telltale.</def>



<hw>Black</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blak</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91c</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>blakkr</ets> dark, swarthy, Sw. <ets>bl\'84ck</ets> ink,

Dan. <ets>bl\'91k</ets>, OHG. <ets>blach</ets>, LG. & D.

<ets>blaken</ets> to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS.

<ets>bl\'bec</ets>, E. <ets>bleak</ets> pallid. <?/98.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting

it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark

color, the opposite of <xex>white</xex>; characterized by such a

color; <as>as, <ex>black</ex> cloth; <ex>black</ex> hair or

eyes.</as></def>



<q>O night, with hue so <qex>black</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded

in darkness; very dark or gloomy; <as>as, a <ex>black</ex> night;

the heavens <ex>black</ex> with clouds.</as></def>



<q>I spy a <qex>black</qex>, suspicious, threatening cloud.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like

darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously

wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible.</def>  \'bdThis

day's <xex>black</xex> fate.\'b8   \'bd<xex>Black</xex>

villainy.\'b8  \'bdArise, <xex>black</xex> vengeance.\'b8 

\'bdBlack day.\'b8 \'bd<xex>Black</xex> despair.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening;

sullen; foreboding; <as>as, to regard one with <ex>black</ex>

looks</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Black</xex> is often used in self-explaining

compound words; as, <xex>black-</xex>eyed,

<xex>black-</xex>faced, <xex>black-</xex>haired,

<xex>black-</xex>visaged.</note>



<cs><col>Black act</col>, <cd>the English statute 9 George I,

which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren,

etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or

disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for

malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called

<xex>black acts<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Black angel</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the West Indies and Florida

(<spn>Holacanthus tricolor</spn>), with the head and tail yellow,

and the middle of the body black.</cd> -- <col>Black

antimony</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black sulphide of

antimony, <chform>Sb2S3</chform>, used in pyrotechnics, etc.</cd>

-- <col>Black bear</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common

American bear (<spn>Ursus Americanus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black

beast</col>. <cd>See <er>B\'88te noire</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black

beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the common large

cockroach (<spn>Blatta orientalis</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Black and

blue</col>, <cd>the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is

accompanied with a mixture of blue.</cd> \'bdTo pinch the

slatterns <xex>black and blue<xex>.\'b8 <au>Hudibras</au>. --

<col>Black bonnet</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

black-headed bunting (<spn>Embriza Sch\'d2niclus</spn>) of

Europe.</cd> -- <col>Black canker</col>, <cd>a disease in turnips

and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar.</cd> --

<col>Black cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the fisher, a

quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See

<er>Fisher</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cattle</col>, <cd>any bovine

cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy

cattle.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Black cherry</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Cherry</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black cockatoo</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the palm cockatoo. See

<er>Cockatoo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black copper</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Melaconite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black currant</col>.

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Currant</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black

diamond</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Carbonado</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Black draught</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a cathartic

medicine, composed of senna and magnesia.</cd> -- <col>Black

drop</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>vinegar of opium; a narcotic

preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in

vinegar.</cd> -- <col>Black earth</col>, <cd>mold; earth of a

dark color.</cd> <au>Woodward</au>. -- <col>Black flag</col>,

<cd>the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and

crossbones; a signal of defiance.</cd> -- <col>Black flea</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a flea beetle (<spn>Haltica

nemorum</spn>) injurious to turnips.</cd> -- <col>Black

flux</col>, <cd>a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal,

obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter.

<au>Brande & C.</au></cd> -- <col>Black fly</col>.

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>In the United States, a

small, venomous, two-winged fly of the genus <spn>Simulium</spn>

of several species, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the

northern forests. The larv\'91 are aquatic.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A black plant louse, as the bean aphis <spn>(A.

fab\'91)</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Black Forest</col> <ety>[a

translation of G. <ets>Schwarzwald<ets>]</ety>, <cd>a forest in

Baden and W\'81rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient

Hercynian forest.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Black game</col>, or

<col>Black grouse</col></mcol>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Blackcock</er>, <er>Grouse</er>, and <er>Heath

grouse</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a grasslike rush of the species <spn>Juncus Gerardi</spn>,

growing on salt marshes, and making good hay.</cd> -- <col>Black

gum</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an American tree, the tupelo or

pepperidge. See <er>Tupelo</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black Hamburg

(grape)</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a sweet and juicy variety of

dark purple or \'bdblack\'b8 grape.</cd> -- <col>Black

horse</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fish of the Mississippi

valley (<spn>Cycleptus elongatus</spn>), of the sucker family;

the Missouri sucker.</cd> -- <col>Black lemur</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the <spn>Lemurniger</spn> of

Madagascar; the <altname>acoumbo</altname> of the natives.</cd>

-- <col>Black list</col>, a list of persons who are for some

reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list

of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for

the protection of tradesmen or employers. See <er>Blacklist</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></cd> -- <col>Black manganese</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the black oxide of manganese,

<chform>MnO2</chform>.</cd> -- <col>Black Maria</col>, <cd>the

close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail.</cd>

-- <col>Black martin</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chimney

swift. See <er>Swift</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black moss</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common so-called long moss of the

southern United States. See <er>Tillandsia</er>.</cd> --

<col>Black oak</col>. <cd>See under <er>Oak</er>.</cd> --

<col>Black ocher</col>. <cd>See <er>Wad</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black

pigment</col>, <cd>a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or

lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink.

It is obtained by burning common coal tar.</cd> -- <col>Black

plate</col>, <cd>sheet iron before it is tinned.

<au>Knight</au>.</cd> -- <col>Black quarter</col>, <cd>malignant

anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an

ox.</cd> -- <col>Black rat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one

of the species of rats (<spn>Mus rattus</spn>), commonly

infesting houses.</cd> -- <col>Black rent</col>. <cd>See

<er>Blackmail</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd> -- <col>Black

rust</col>, <cd>a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist

matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain.</cd> --

<col>Black sheep</col>, <cd>one in a family or company who is

unlike the rest, and makes trouble.</cd> -- <col>Black

silver</col>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <cd>See under

<er>Silver</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black and tan</col>, <cd>black

mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in

describing certain breeds of dogs.</cd> -- <col>Black tea</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Tea</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black tin</col>

<fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed,

stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a

black powder, like fine sand.</cd> <au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Black

walnut</col>. <cd>See under <er>Walnut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black

warrior</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an American hawk

(<spn>Buteo Harlani</spn>).</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy;

swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.</syn>



<hw>Black</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Sullenly;

threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness.</def>



<hw>Black</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is

destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a

destitution of all color; <as>as, a cloth has a good

<ex>black</ex></as>.</def>



<q><qex>Black</qex> is the badge of hell,

The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A black pigment or dye.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A negro; a person whose skin is of a black

color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of

certain African races.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A black garment or dress; <as>as, she wears

<ex>black</ex></as></def>; <plu>pl.</plu> <mark>(Obs.)</mark>

<def>Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery.</def>



<q>Friends weeping, and <qex>blacks</qex>, and obsequies, and the

like show death terrible.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>That was the full time they used to wear <qex>blacks</qex> for

the death of their fathers.</q>

<qau>Sir T. North.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The part of a thing which is distinguished from

the rest by being black.</def>



<q>The <qex>black</qex> or sight of the eye.</q>

<qau>Sir K. Digby.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A stain; a spot; a smooch.</def>



<q>Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly

<qex>blacks</qex> of lust.</q>

<qau>Rowley.</qau>



<cs><col>Black and white</col>, <cd>writing or print; as, I must

have that statement in <xex>black and white<xex>.</cd> --

<col>Blue black</col>, <cd>a pigment of a blue black color.</cd>

-- <col>Ivory black</col>, <cd>a fine kind of animal charcoal

prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief

ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing.</cd> --

<col>Berlin black</col>. <cd>See under <er>Berlin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Black</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blacked</er> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blacking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Blacken</er>.]</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make black; to blacken; to soil; to

sully.</def>



<q>They have their teeth <qex>blacked</qex>, both men and women,

for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will

black theirs.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<q>Sins which <qex>black</qex> thy soul.</q>

<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make black and shining, as boots or a stove,

by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush.</def>



<hw>Black"a*moor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>Moor</ets>.]</ety> <def>A negro or

negress.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Black" art`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The art practiced by

conjurers and witches; necromancy; conjuration; magic.</def>



<note><hand/ This name was given in the Middle Ages to

necromancy, under the idea that the latter term was derived from

<ets>niger</ets> black, instead of <grk>nekro`s</grk>, a dead

person, and <grk>mantei`a</grk>, divination.



<au>Wright.</au>

</note>



<hw>Black"-a-vised`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Dark-visaged; swart.</def>



<hw>Black"ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for

taking impressions of engraved work.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A ball of black color, esp. one used as a

negative in voting; -- in this sense usually two words.</def>



<hw>Black"ball`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blackballed</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blackballing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to

reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to

ostracize.</def>



<q>He was <qex>blackballed</qex> at two clubs in succession.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with

blacking.</def>



<hw>Black"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An earthy carbonate of iron containing

considerable carbonaceous matter; -- valuable as an iron

ore.</def>



<hw>Black" bass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An edible, fresh-water fish of the United

States, of the genus <spn>Micropterus</spn>. the small-mouthed

kind is <spn>M. dolomie\'c6</spn>; the largemouthed is <spn>M.

salmoides</spn>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The sea bass. See <er>Blackfish</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>Black"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blakberye</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91cerie</ets>;

<ets>bl\'91c</ets> black  + <ets>berie</ets> berry.]</ety>

<def>The fruit of several species of bramble (<spn>Rubus</spn>);

also, the plant itself. <spn>Rubus fruticosus</spn> is the

blackberry of England; <spn>R. villosus</spn> and <spn>R.

Canadensis</spn> are the high blackberry and low blackberry of

the United States. There are also other kinds.</def>



<hw>Black"bird</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In England, a species of thrush

(<spn>Turdus merula</spn>), a singing bird with a fin note; the

merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the

<spn>Quiscalus versicolor</spn>, or crow blackbird; the

<spn>Agel\'91us ph\'d2niceus</spn>, or red-winged blackbird; the

cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See <er>Redwing</er>.</def>



<hw>Black"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A broad

board painted black, or any black surface on which writing,

drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with

chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.</def>



<hw>Black" book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of

several books of a political character, published at different

times and for different purposes; -- so called either from the

color of the binding, or from the character of the

contents.</def>



<-- p. 151 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book compiled in the twelfth century,

containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an

official statement of the revenues of the crown, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A book containing details of the enormities

practiced in the English monasteries and religious houses,

compiled by order of their visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten

their dissolution.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A book of admiralty law, of the highest

authority, compiled in the reign of Edw. III.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A book kept for the purpose of registering the

names of persons liable to censure or punishment, as in the

English universities, or the English armies.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Any book which treats of necromancy.</def>



<hw>Black"-browed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening;

forbidding.</def>



<au>Shak. Dryden.</au>



<hw>Black*bur"ni*an war"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Named from

Mrs. <ets>Blackburn</ets>, an English lady.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A beautiful warbler of the United

States (<spn>Dendroica Blackburni\'91</spn>). The male is

strongly marked with orange, yellow, and black on the head and

neck, and has an orange-yellow breast.</def>



<hw>Black"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small European song

bird (<spn>Sylvia atricapilla</spn>), with a black crown; the

mock nightingale.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An American titmouse

(<spn>Parus atricapillus</spn>); the chickadee.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>An apple roasted till

black, to be served in a dish of boiled custard.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The black raspberry.</def>



<hw>Black"coat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

clergyman; -- familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes

called a <xex>redcoat</xex> or a <xex>bluecoat</xex>.</def>



<hw>Black"cock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The male of the European black grouse

(<spn>Tetrao tetrix</spn>, Linn.); -- so called by sportsmen. The

female is called <xex>gray hen</xex>. See <er>Heath

grouse</er>.</def>



<hw>Black" death`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pestilence which

ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth century.</def>



<hw>Black"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blackened</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blackening</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Black</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Black</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or render black.</def>



<q>While the long funerals <qex>blacken</qex> all the way.</q>

<hw>Pope</hw><def>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make dark; to darken; to cloud.</def>

\'bd<xex>Blackened</xex> the whole heavens.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make

infamous; <as>as, vice <ex>blackens</ex> the

character</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate;

traduce; malign; asperse.</syn>



<hw>Black"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow black or

dark.</def>



<hw>Black"en*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blackens.</def>



<hw>Black"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

black eyes.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Black"-faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect.</def>



<hw>Black"feet`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Ethn.)</fld> <def>A tribe of North American Indians

formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to

the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers.</def>



<hw>Black"fin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bluefin</er>.</def>



<hw>Black"fish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small kind of whale, of the genus

<spn>Globicephalus</spn>, of several species. The most common is

<spn>G. melas</spn>. Also sometimes applied to other whales of

larger size.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The tautog of New England

(<spn>Tautoga</spn>).</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black sea bass

(<spn>Centropristis atrarius</spn>) of the Atlantic coast. It is

excellent food fish; -- locally called also <altname>black

Harry</altname>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of southern Europe

(<spn>Centrolophus pompilus</spn>) of the Mackerel family.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The female salmon in the

spawning season.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is locally applied to other fishes.</note>



<hw>Black"foot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Blackfeet; <as>as, a <ex>Blackfoot</ex>

Indian</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A Blackfoot

Indian.</def></def2>



<hw>Black" fri`ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

friar of the Dominican order; -- called also

<altname>predicant</altname> and <altname>preaching

friar</altname>; in France, <altname>Jacobin</altname>. Also,

sometimes, a Benedictine.</def>



<hw>Black"guard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>guard</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a

nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to

another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by

them, were jocularly called the \'bdblack guard\'b8; also, the

servants and hangers-on of an army.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the <qex>black guard</qex>

in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans.</q>

<qau>Webster (1612).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a

town or community, collectively.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person of stained or low character, esp. one

who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a

scoundrel; a rough.</def>



<q>A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those

of his class deserves to be called a <qex>blackguard</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Black"guard`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. &

p. p.</pos> <er>Blackguarded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blackguarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To revile or abuse in

scurrilous language.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Black"guard</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Scurrilous; abusive;

low; worthless; vicious; <as>as, <ex>blackguard</ex>

language</as>.</def>



<hw>Black"guard*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism.</def>



<hw>Black"guard*ly</hw>, <pos>adv. & a.</pos> <def>In the manner

of or resembling a blackguard; abusive; scurrilous;

ruffianly.</def>



<hw>Black"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The scaup duck.</def>



<hw>Black"heart`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

heart-shaped cherry with a very dark-colored skin.</def>



<hw>Black"-heart`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a wicked,

malignant disposition; morally bad.</def>



<hw>Black" hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A dungeon or dark cell

in a prison; a military lock-up or guardroom; -- now commonly

with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta,

into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja

Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the

prisoners died before morning from lack of air.</def>



<q>A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and

ferules, and the <qex>black hole</qex>.</q>

<qau>H. Spencer.</qau>



<hw>Black"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any

preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a black

luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of making black.</def>



<hw>Black"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat black.</def>



<hw>Black"-jack`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A name given by English miners to

sphalerite, or zinc blende; -- called also <altname>false

galena</altname>. See <er>Blende</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines,

spirits, ground coffee, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large leather vessel for beer, etc.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Quercus nigra</spn>,

or barren oak.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The ensign of a pirate.</def>



<hw>Black` lead"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Plumbago; graphite.It

leaves a blackish mark somewhat like lead. See

<er>Graphite</er>.</def>



<hw>Black`lead"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To coat or to polish

with black lead.</def>



<hw>Black"leg`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A notorious gambler.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A disease among calves and sheep, characterized

by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in

the neck.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Black" let`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The old English or

Gothic letter, in which the Early English manuscripts were

written, and the first English books were printed. It was

conspicuous for its blackness. See <er>Type</er>.</def>



<hw>Black"-let`ter</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Written

or printed in black letter; <as>as, a <ex>black-letter</ex>

manuscript or book</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Given to the study of books in black letter;

that is, of old books; out of date.</def>



<q>Kemble, a <qex>black-letter</qex> man!</q>

<qau>J. Boaden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not

marked with red letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky;

inauspicious.</def>



<hw>Black"list`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To put

in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or

punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as

insolvent or untrustworthy, -- as tradesmen and employers do for

mutual protection; <as>as, to <ex>blacklist</ex> a workman who

has been discharged</as>. See <cref>Black list</cref>, under

<er>Black</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<q>If you <qex>blacklist</qex> us, we will boycott you.</q>

<qau>John Swinton.</qau>



<hw>Black"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a black manner;

darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly; atrociously.</def>

\'bdDeeds so <xex>blackly</xex> grim and horrid.\'b8



<au>Feltham.</au>



<hw>Black"mail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>mail</ets> a piece of money.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other

thing, anciently paid, in the north of England and south of

Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, or moss

troopers, to be by them protected from pillage.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Payment of money exacted by means of

intimidation; also, extortion of money from a person by threats

of public accusation, exposure, or censure.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Black rent, or rent paid

in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a opposed to \'bdwhite

rent\'b8, which paid in silver.</def>



<cs><col>To levy blackmail</col>, <cd>to extort money by threats,

as of injury to one's reputation.</cd></cs>



<hw>Black"mail`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blackmailed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blackmailing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To extort money

from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as

injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; <as>as, to

<ex>blackmail</ex> a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged

fraud</as>.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Black"mail`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black mailing.</def>



<hw>Black"mail`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or practice

of extorting money by exciting fears of injury other than bodily

harm, as injury to reputation.</def>



<hw>Black" Mon`day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Easter

Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360, which

was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before

Paris, died from the cold.</def>



<au>Stow.</au>



<q>Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on

<qex>Black Monday</qex> last.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The first Monday after the holidays; -- so

called by English schoolboys.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Black" monk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A Benedictine

monk.</def>



<hw>Black"moor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Blackamoor</er>.</def>



<hw>Black"-mouthed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Using

foul or scurrilous language; slanderous.</def>



<hw>Black"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in

wickedness.</def>



<q>They're darker now than <qex>blackness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Donne.</qau>



<hw>Black"poll`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A warbler of the United States

(<spn>Dendroica striata</spn>).</def>



<hw>Black" pud"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A kind of sausage

made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with meal.</def>



<q>And fat black <qex>puddings</qex>, -- proper food,

For warriors that delight in blood.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Black" Rod`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sd>(a)</sd> <def>the usher to

the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the <ets>black

rod</ets> which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also

usher to the House of Lords.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>An usher in the legislature of British

colonies.</def>



<au>Cowell.</au>



<q>Committed to the custody of the <qex>Black Rod</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Black"root`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Colicroot</er>.</def>



<hw>Blacks</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing,

prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the

wine press.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soot flying in the air.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Black garments, etc. See <er>Black</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Black"salt`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who,makes crude potash, or black salts.</def>



<hw>Black" salts`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Crude potash.</def>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<hw>Black"smith`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> (in allusion to the color of the metal) +

<ets>smith</ets>. Cf. <er>Whitesmith</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron

utensils, horseshoes, etc.</def>



<q> The <qex>blacksmith</qex> may forge what he pleases.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Pacific

coast<spn> (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis)</spn>, of a

blackish color.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Black" snake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/

<hw>Black"snake</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A snake of a black color, of which two

species are common in the United States, the <spn>Bascanium

constrictor</spn>, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the

<spn>Scotophis Alleghaniensis</spn>, seven or eight feet

long.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to various other black

serpents, as <spn>Natrix atra</spn> of Jamaica.</note>



<hw>Black"strap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and

molasses.</def>



<q>No <qex>blackstrap</qex> to-night; switchel, or ginger

pop.</q>

<qau>Judd.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bad port wine; any commo wine of the

Mediterranean; -- so called by sailors.</def>



<hw>Black"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Black</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish; the ruff or pope.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The black-tailed deer

<spn>(Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus)</spn> of California and

Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See <er>Mule

deer</er>.</def>



<hw>Black"thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A spreading thorny shrub or

small tree (<spn>Prunus spinosa</spn>), with blackish bark, and

bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the

sloe.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A species of <spn>Crat\'91gus</spn>

or hawthorn <spn>(C. tomentosa)</spn>. Both are used for

hedges.</def>



<hw>Black" vom"it</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A

copious vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so

discharged; -- one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow

fever.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Black" wash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <or/

<hw>Black"wash</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime

water.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wash that blackens, as opposed to

<xex>whitewash</xex>; hence, figuratively, calumny.</def>



<q>To remove as far as he can the modern layers of <qex>black

wash</qex>, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Black"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name given

to several dark-colored timbers. The East Indian black wood is

from the tree <spn>Dalbergia latifolia</spn>.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Black"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work

wrought by blacksmiths; -- so called in distinction from that

wrought by whitesmiths.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Blad"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>bleddre</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dre</ets>,

<ets>bl<?/ddre</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bla<?/ra</ets>, SW.

<ets>bl\'84ddra</ets>, Dan. <ets>bl\'91re</ets>, D.

<ets>blaar</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'betara</ets> the bladder in the

body of animals, G. <ets>blatter</ets> blister, bustule; all fr.

the same root as AS. <ets>bl\'bewan</ets>, E. <ets>blow</ets>, to

puff. See <er>Blow</er> to puff.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A bag or sac in animals,

which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; <as>as, the urinary

<ex>bladder</ex>; the gall <ex>bladder</ex></as>; -- applied

especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or

when taken out and inflated with air.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled

with air, or a thin, watery fluid.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A distended, membranaceous

pericarp.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.</def>

\'bdTo swim with <xex>bladders</xex> of philosophy.\'b8



<au>Rochester.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>Bladder nut</col>, <or/ <col>Bladder

tree</col></mcol> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of plants

(<spn>Staphylea</spn>) with bladderlike seed pods.</cd> --

<col>Bladder pod</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of low

herbs (<spn>Vesicaria</spn>) with inflated seed pods.</cd> --

<col>Bladdor senna</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of shrubs

(<spn>Colutea</spn>), with membranaceous, inflated pods.</cd> --

<col>Bladder worm</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the larva of

any species of tapeworm (<spn>T\'91nia</spn>), found in the flesh

or other parts of animals. See <er>Measle</er>,

<er>Cysticercus</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bladder wrack</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common black rock weed of the seacoast

(<spn>Fucus nodosus</spn> and <spn>F. vesiculosus</spn>) --

called also <altname>bladder tangle</altname>. See

<er>Wrack</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blad"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bladdered</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bladdering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>G. Fletcher.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put up in bladders; <as>as,

<ex>bladdered</ex> lard</as>.</def>



<hw>Blad"der*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Utricularia</spn>) of

aquatic or marshy plants, which usually bear numerous vesicles in

the divisions of the leaves. These serve as traps for minute

animals. See <er>Ascidium</er>.</def>



<hw>Blad"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

bladders; also, resembling a bladder.</def>



<hw>Blade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blade</ets>, <ets>blad</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91d</ets> leaf;

akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. <ets>blad</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bla<?/</ets>, OHG. <ets>blat</ets>, G. <ets>blatt</ets>, and

perh. to L. <ets>folium</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. The root is

prob. the same as that of AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets>, E.

<ets>blow</ets>, to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and

cf. <er>Foil</er> leaf of metal.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of

any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes

applied to the spire of grasses.</def>



<q>The crimson dulse . . . with its waving <qex>blade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Percival.</qau>



<q>First the <qex>blade</qex>, then ear, after that the full corn

in the ear.</q>

<qau>Mark iv. 28.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cutting part of an instrument; <as>as, the

<ex>blade</ex> of a knife or a sword</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The broad part of an oar; also, one of the

projecting arms of a screw propeller.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The scapula or shoulder blade.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The

principal rafters of a roof.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>The four

large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the

middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best

tortoise shell.</def>



<au>De Colange.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless,

fellow; -- a word of somewhat indefinite meaning.</def>



<q>He saw a turnkey in a trice

Fetter a troublesome <qex>blade</qex>.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<-- p. 152 -->



<hw>Blade</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish

with a blade.</def>



<hw>Blade</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To put forth or have a

blade.</def>



<q>As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded

As ever in the Muses' garden <qex>bladed</qex>.</q>

<qau>P. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>Blade"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

scapula. See <er>Blade</er>, 4.</def>



<hw>Blad"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a blade or blades; as a two-bladed knife.</def>



<q>Decking with liquid pearl the <qex>bladed</qex> grass.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Divested of blades; <as>as, <ex>bladed</ex>

corn</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Composed of long and narrow

plates, shaped like the blade of a knife.</def>



<hw>Blade"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A long, thin, marine fish of Europe

(<spn>Trichiurus lepturus</spn>); the ribbon fish.</def>



<hw>Blade"smith`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sword

cutler.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blad"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of

blades.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bd<xex>Blady</xex> grass.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Bl\'91</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <def>Dark blue or bluish gray;

lead-colored.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bl\'91"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bl\'91</ets> + <ets>berry</ets>; akin to Icel

<ets>bl\'beber</ets>, Sw. <ets>bl<?/b\'84r</ets>, D.

<ets>blaab\'91r</ets>. Cf. <er>Blueberry</er>.]</ety> <def>The

bilberry.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Blague</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug.</def>



<hw>Blain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blein</ets>, <ets>bleyn</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/gen</ets>; akin

to Dan. <ets>blegn</ets>, D. <ets>blein</ets>; perh. fr. the same

root as E. <ets>bladder</ets>. See <er>Bladder</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla,

pustule, or blister.</def>



<q>Blotches and <qex>blains</qex> must all his flesh emboss.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A bladder growing on the root

of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the

breath.</def>



<hw>Blam"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bl\'83mable</ets>.]</ety> <def>Deserving of censure; faulty;

culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Blam"a*ble*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos> --

<wf>Blam"a*bly</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blame</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blamed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blamen</ets>, F.

<ets>bl\'83r</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>blasphemare</ets> to blaspheme, LL. also to blame, fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr.

<ets><?/</ets> evil speaking, perh, for <ets><?/</ets>;

<ets><?/</ets> injury (fr. <ets><?/</ets> to injure) +

<ets><?/</ets> a saying, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to say. Cf.

<er>Blaspheme</er>, and see <er>Fame</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To censure; to express disapprobation of; to

find fault with; to reproach.</def>



<q>We have none to <qex>blame</qex> but ourselves.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bring reproach upon; to blemish.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q> She . . . <qex>blamed</qex> her noble blood.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><col>To blame</col>, <cd>to be blamed, or deserving blame; in

fault; as, the conductor was <xex>to blame<xex> for the

accident.</cd></cs>



<q>You were <qex>to blame</qex>, I must be plain with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blame</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>blame</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>bl\'83me</ets>, OF. <ets>blasme</ets>, fr.

<ets>bl\'83mer</ets>, OF. <ets>blasmer</ets>, to blame. See

<er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong;

imputation of fault; censure.</def>



<q>Let me bear the <qex>blame</qex> forever.</q>

<qau>Gen. xiiii. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is deserving of censure or

disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin.</def>



<q>Holy and without <qex>blame</qex> before him in love.</q>

<qau> Eph. i. 4.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hurt; injury.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au> Spenser.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach;

fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing.</syn>



<hw>Blame"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Faulty; meriting blame.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Attributing blame or fault; implying or

conveying censure; faultfinding; censorious.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



-- <wordforms><wf>Blame"ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Blame"ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blame"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from blame; without

fault; innocent; guiltless; -- sometimes followed by

<xex>of</xex>.</def>



<q>A bishop then must be <qex>blameless</qex>.</q>

<qau> 1 Tim. iii. 2.</qau>



<q><qex>Blameless</qex> still of arts that polish to deprave.</q>

<qau>Mallet.</qau>



<q>We will be <qex>blameless</qex> of this thine oath.</q>

<qau>Josh. ii. 17.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished;

inculpable.</syn> <usage> -- <er>Blameless</er>,

<er>Spotless</er>, <er>Faultless</er>, <er>Stainless</er>. We

speak of a thing as <xex>blameless</xex> when it is free from

blame, or the just imputation of fault; as, a

<xex>blameless</xex> life or character. The others are stronger.

We speak of a thing as <xex>faultless</xex>,

<xex>stainless</xex>, or <xex>spotless</xex>, only when we mean

that it is absolutely <xex>without</xex> fault or blemish; as, a

<xex>spotless</xex> or <xex>stainless</xex> reputation; a

<xex>faultless</xex> course of conduct. The last three words

apply only to the general character, while <xex>blameless</xex>

may be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this

transaction he was wholly <xex>blameless</xex>. We also apply

<xex>faultless</xex> to personal appearance; as, a

<xex>faultless</xex> figure; which can not be done in respect to

any of the other words.</usage>



<hw>Blame"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blameless

manner.</def>



<hw>Blame"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being blameless; innocence.</def>



<hw>Blam"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blames.</def>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Blame"wor`thy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deserving

blame; culpable; reprehensible.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Blame"wor`thi*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blan"card</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety> <def>A kind of linen cloth made in

Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is

woven.</def>



<hw>Blanch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blanched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blanching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blanchen</ets>,

<ets>blaunchen</ets>, F. <ets>blanchir</ets>, fr.

<ets>blanc</ets> white. See <er>Blank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To take the color out of, and make white; to

bleach; <as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> linen; age has

<ex>blanched</ex> his hair.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>To bleach by excluding

the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up

or tying them together.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Confectionery & Cookery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding;

<as>as, to <ex>blanch</ex> almonds</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling

water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and

retain the juices.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To give a white luster to (silver, before

stamping, in the process of coining.).</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of

tin.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance

to; to whitewash; to palliate.</def>



<q><qex>Blanch</qex> over the blackest and most absurd

things.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To <er>Blanch</er>, <er>Whiten</er>.</syn> <usage>

To <xex>whiten</xex> is the generic term, denoting, to render

white; as, to <xex>whiten</xex> the walls of a room. Usually

(though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing

some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object

in question. To <xex>blanch</xex> is to whiten by the removal of

coloring matter; as, to <xex>blanch</xex> linen. So the cheek is

<xex>blanched</xex> by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the

blood, which leaves it white.</usage>



<hw>Blanch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow or

become white; <as>as, his cheek <ex>blanched</ex> with fear; the

rose <ex>blanches</ex> in the sun.</as></def>



<q>[Bones] <qex>blanching</qex> on the grass.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Blanch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Blench</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To avoid, as from fear;

to evade; to leave unnoticed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every

man might express his malice and <qex>blanch</qex> his

danger.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>I suppose you will not <qex>blanch</qex> Paris in your

way.</q>

<qau>Reliq. Wot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to turn aside or back; <as>as, to

<ex>blanch</ex> a deer</as>.</def>



<hw>Blanch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To use evasion.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Books will speak plain, when counselors <qex>blanch</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Blanch</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Ore, not

in masses, but mixed with other minerals.</def>



<hw>Blanch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who anneals and

cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this

purpose.</def>



<hw>Blanch"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,

frightens away or turns aside.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And Gynecia, a <qex>blancher</qex>, which kept the dearest

deer from her.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<q>And so even now hath he divers <qex>blanchers</qex> belonging

to the market, to let and stop the light of the gospel.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Blanch" hold`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Scots Law)</fld>

<def>A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white

rent (silver) or otherwise.</def>



<hw>Blanch*im"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[1st

<ets>blanch</ets> + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An instrument

for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of lime and potash;

a chlorometer.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Blanc*mange"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>blancmanger</ets>, lit. white food; <ets>blanc</ets> white +

<ets>manger</ets> to eat.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A

preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea moss,

cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with mild,

usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold.</def>



<hw>Blanc*man"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Blancmange</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of fricassee with white

sauce, variously made of capon, fish, etc.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bland</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blandus</ets>, of unknown origin.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in

manner; suave; <as>as, a bland temper; <ex>bland</ex> persuasion;

a <ex>bland</ex> sycophant.</as></def> \'bdExhilarating vapor

<xex>bland</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic

or irritating; not stimulating; <as>as, a <ex>bland</ex> oil; a

<ex>bland</ex> diet.</as></def>



<hw>Blan*da"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. L.

<ets>blanditia</ets>, <ets>blandities</ets>, fr.

<ets>blandus</ets>. See <er>Bland</er>.]</ety>

<def>Flattery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blan*dil"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blandiloquentia</ets>; <ets>blandus</ets> mild +

<ets>loqui</ets> to speak.]</ety> <def>Mild, flattering

speech.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blan*dil"o*quous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Blan*di*lo"qui*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Fair-spoken; flattering.</def>



<hw>Blan"dise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Same word

as <er>Blandish</er>.]</ety> <def>To blandish any one.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Blan"dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blandished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blandishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blaundisen</ets>, F. <ets>blandir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>blandiri</ets>, fr. <ets>blandus</ets> mild,

flattering.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To flatter with kind words or

affectionate actions; to caress; to cajole.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make agreeable and enticing.</def>



<q>Mustering all her wiles,

With <qex>blandished</qex> parleys.</q>

<qau> Milton.</qau>



<hw>Blan"dish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

uses blandishments.</def>



<hw>Blan"dish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>blandissement</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of blandishing; a

word or act expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to

win the heart; soft words and artful caresses; cajolery;

allurement.</def>



<q>Cowering low with <qex>blandishment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Attacked by royal smiles, by female

<qex>blandishments</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Bland"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bland

manner; mildly; suavely.</def>



<hw>Bland"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being bland.</def>



<hw>Blank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blank</ets>, <ets>blonc</ets>, <ets>blaunc</ets>,

<ets>blaunche</ets>, fr. F. <ets>blanc</ets>, fem.

<ets>blanche</ets>, fr. OHG. <ets>blanch</ets> shining, bright,

white, G. <ets>blank</ets>; akin to E. <ets>blink</ets>, cf. also

AS. <ets>blanc</ets> white. <?/98. See <er>Blink</er>, and cf.

1st <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of a white or pale color; without color.</def>



<q>To the <qex>blank</qex> moon

Her office they prescribed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an

empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of

checks, official documents, etc.; <as>as, <ex>blank</ex> paper; a

<ex>blank</ex> check; a <ex>blank</ex> ballot.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Utterly confounded or discomfited.</def>



<q>Adam . . . astonied stood, and <qex>blank</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Empty; void; without result; fruitless; <as>as,

a <ex>blank</ex> space; a <ex>blank</ex> day.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Lacking characteristics which give variety;

<as>as, a <ex>blank</ex> desert; a <xex>blank</xex> wall;

destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; <as>as, to live

a <ex>blank</ex> existence</as>; destitute of sensations; <as>as,

<ex>blank</ex> unconsciousness</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Lacking animation and intelligence, or their

associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.;

expressionless; vacant.</def> \'bd<xex>Blank</xex> and

horror-stricken faces.\'b8



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<q>The <qex>blank</qex> . . . glance of a half returned

consciousness.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Absolute; downright; unmixed; <as>as,

<ex>blank</ex> terror</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Blank bar</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a plea put in to

oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the

certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also

<altname>common bar</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blank

cartridge</col>, <cd>a cartridge containing no ball.</cd> --

<col>Blank deed</col>. <cd>See <er>Deed</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Blank door</col>, <or/ <col>Blank window</col></mcol>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a depression in a wall of the size of a

door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more

convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should

it be needed.</cd> -- <col>Blank indorsement</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>an indorsement which omits the name of the

person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply

writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill.</cd> --

<col>Blank line</col> <fld>(Print.)</fld>, <cd>a vacant space of

the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of

quadrats.</cd> -- <col>Blank tire</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a

tire without a flange.</cd> -- <col>Blank tooling</col>. <cd>See

<cref>Blind tooling</cref>, under <er>Blind</er>.</cd> --

<col>Blank verse</col>. <cd>See under <er>Verse</er>.</cd> --

<col>Blank wall</col>, <cd>a wall in which there is no opening; a

dead wall.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Any

void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument;

an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a

void.</def>



<q>I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not

forgive a <qex>blank</qex> of half an inch from you.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>From this time there ensues a long <qex>blank</qex> in the

history of French legislation.</q>

<qau>Hallam.</qau>



<q>I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a

<qex>blank</qex>.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a

lottery on which no prize is indicated.</def>



<q>In Fortune's lottery lies

A heap of <qex>blanks</qex>, like this, for one small prize.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or

characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to

be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are

left vacant; a bland form.</def>



<q>The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote,

and their dissent by a <qex>blank</qex>.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A paper containing the substance of a legal

instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces

left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The point aimed at in a target, marked with a

white spot; hence, the object to which anything is

directed.</def>



<q>Let me still remain

The true <qex>blank</qex> of thine eye.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Aim; shot; range.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I have stood . . . within the <qex>blank</qex> of his

displeasure

For my free speech.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A kind of base silver money, first coined in

England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin

of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence.</def>



<au>Nares.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece of metal prepared to

be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw,

nuts.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Dominoes)</fld> <def>A piece or division of a

piece, without spots; <as>as, the \'bddouble <ex>blank</ex>\'b8;

the \'bdsix <ex>blank</ex>.\'b8</as></def>



<cs><col>In blank</col>, <cd>with an essential portion to be

supplied by another; as, to make out a check <xex>in

blank<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blank</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blanked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blanking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. 3d

<er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make void; to

annul.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits

of; to dispirit or confuse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Each opposite that <qex>blanks</qex> the face of joy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blan"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>blanchet</ets>, OF. also <ets>blanket</ets>, a woolen

waistcoat or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white

woolen stuff, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white;

<ets>blanquette</ets> a kind of white pear, fr. <ets>blanc</ets>

white. See <er>Blank</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a

nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe;

or any fabric used as a cover for a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of rubber, felt, or

woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and

elastic.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A streak or layer of blubber in whales.</def>



<note><hand/ The use of blankets formerly as curtains in theaters

explains the following figure of Shakespeare.</note>



<au>Nares.</au>



<q>Nor heaven peep through the <qex>blanket</qex> of the dark

To cry, \'bdHold, hold!\'b8</q>

<qau> Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Blanket sheet</col>, <cd>a newspaper of folio size.</cd>

-- <col>A wet blanket</col>, <cd>anything which damps, chills,

dispirits, or discour<?/ges.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blan"ket</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blanketed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blanketing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with

a blanket.</def>



<q>I'll . . . <qex>blanket</qex> my loins.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To toss in a blanket by way of punishment.</def>



<q>We'll have our men <qex>blanket</qex> 'em i' the hall.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To take the wind out of the sails of (another

vessel) by sailing to windward of her.</def>



<cs><col>Blanket cattle</col>. <cd>See <xex>Belted cattle<xex>,

under <er>Belted</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blan"ket*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cloth for

blankets.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or punishment of tossing in a

blanket.</def>



<q>That affair of the <qex>blanketing</qex> happened to thee for

the fault thou wast guilty of.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<hw>Blank"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; <as>as, to

stare <ex>blankly</ex></as>.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Directly; flatly; point blank.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<hw>Blank"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

blank.</def>



<hw>\'d8Blan*quette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>blanquette</ets>, from <ets>blanc</ets> white.]</ety>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>A white fricassee.</def>



<hw>\'d8Blan*quil"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>blanquillo</ets> whitish.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (<spn>Caulolatilus

chrysops</spn>). It is red, marked with yellow.</def>



<hw>Blare</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blared</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Blaring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>blaren</ets>, <ets>bloren</ets>, to cry, woop; cf.

G. <ets>pl\'84rren</ets> to bleat, D. <ets>blaren</ets> to bleat,

cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E.

<ets>blast</ets>. Cf. <er>Blore</er>.]</ety> <def>To sound loudly

and somewhat harshly.</def> \'bdThe trumpet

<xex>blared</xex>.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Blare</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to sound like the

blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly.</def>



<q>To <qex>blare</qex> its own interpretation.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Blare</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The harsh noise of a trumpet;

a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a

roar or bellowing.</def>



<q>With <qex>blare</qex> of bugle, clamor of men.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<q>His ears are stunned with the thunder's <qex>blare</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>



<hw>Blar"ney</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blarney</ets>, a village and castle near Cork.]</ety>

<def>Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Blarney stone</col>, <cd>a stone in Blarney castle,

Ireland, said to make those who kiss it proficient in the use of

blarney.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blar"ney</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blarneyed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blarneying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To influence by

blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make or accomplish by

blarney.</def> \'bd<xex>Blarneyed</xex> the landlord.\'b8



<au>Irving.</au>



<q>Had <qex>blarneyed</qex> his way from Long Island.</q>

<qau> S. G. Goodrich.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bla*s\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., p.

p. of <ets>blaser</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the sensibilities

deadened by excess or frequency of enjoyment; sated or surfeited

with pleasure; used up.</def>



<-- p. 153 -->



<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blasphemed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blaspheming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blasfem<?/n</ets>, L. <ets>blasphemare</ets>, fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>: cf. F. <ets>blasph\'82mer</ets>. See

<er>Blame</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To speak

of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously

(anything sacred); <as>as, to <ex>blaspheme</ex> the Holy

Spirit</as>.</def>



<q>So Dagon shall be magnified, and God,

Besides whom is no god, compared with idols,

Disglorified, <qex>blasphemed</qex>, and had in scorn.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and

avenge thyself on all those who thus continually

<qex>blaspheme</qex> thy great and all-glorious name?</q>

<qau> Dr. W. Beveridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, of persons and things not

religiously sacred, but held in high honor: To calumniate; to

revile; to abuse.</def>



<q>You do <qex>blaspheme</qex> the good in mocking me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Those who from our labors heap their board,

<qex>Blaspheme</qex> their feeder and forget their lord.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Blas*pheme"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To utter

blasphemy.</def>



<q>He that shall <qex>blaspheme</qex> against the Holy Ghost hath

never forgiveness.</q>

<qau>Mark iii. 29.</qau>



<hw>Blas*phem"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blasphemes.</def>



<q>And each <qex>blasphemer</qex> quite escape the rod,

Because the insult's not on man, but God ?</q>

<qau> Pope.</qau>



<hw>Blas"phe*mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blasphemus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>Speaking

or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously

irreverent; profane; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> person;

containing blasphemy; <as>as, a <ex>blasphemous</ex> book</as>; a

<ex>blasphemous</ex> caricature.</as></def>

\'bd<xex>Blasphemous</xex> publications.\'b8



<au>Porteus.</au>



<q>Nor from the Holy One of Heaven

Refrained his tongue <qex>blasphemous</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note><hand/ Formerly this word was accented on the second

syllable, as in the above example.</note>



<hw>Blas"phe*mous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blasphemous

manner.</def>



<hw>Blas"phe*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blasphemia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>: cf. OF.

<ets>blasphemie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An indignity

offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously irreverent

words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God;

speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or

prerogatives of deity.</def>



<note><hand/ When used generally in statutes or at common law,

<xex>blasphemy</xex> is the use of irreverent words or signs in

reference to the Supreme Being in such a way as to produce

scandal or provoke violence.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Figuratively, of things held in high honor:

Calumny; abuse; vilification.</def>



<q>Punished for his <qex>blasphemy</qex> against learning.</q>

<qau> Bacon.</qau>



<hw>-blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout,

shoot.]</ety> <def>A suffix or terminal formative, used

principally in biological terms, and signifying

<xex>growth</xex>, <xex>formation</xex>; <as>as,

bio<ex>blast</ex>, epi<ex>blast</ex>, meso<ex>blast</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<hw>Blast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/st</ets> a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel.

<ets>bl\'bestr</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'best</ets>, and fr. a verb

akin to Icel. <ets>bl\'besa</ets> to blow, OHG.

<ets>bl\'83san</ets>, Goth. <ets>bl<?/san</ets> (in comp.); all

prob. from the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er>

to eject air.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A violent gust of

wind.</def>



<q>And see where surly Winter passes off,

Far to the north, and calls his ruffian <qex>blasts</qex>;

His <qex>blasts</qex> obey, and quit the howling hill.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as

from a bellows, the mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to

which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace;

<as>as, to melt so many tons of iron at a

<ex>blast</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ The terms <xex>hot blast</xex> and <xex>cold

blast</xex> are employed to designate whether the current is

heated or not heated before entering the furnace. A blast furnace

is said to be <xex>in blast</xex> while it is in operation, and

<xex>out of blast</xex> when not in use.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a

column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an

intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by

the blast.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The sound made by blowing a wind instrument;

strictly, the sound produces at one breath.</def>



<q>One <qex>blast</qex> upon his bugle horn

Were worth a thousand men.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>The <qex>blast</qex> of triumph o'er thy grave.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious

wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.</def>



<q>By the <qex>blast</qex> of God they perish.</q>

<qau>Job iv. 9.</qau>



<q>Virtue preserved from fell destruction's <qex>blast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy

masses of rock, earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder,

dynamite, etc.; also, the charge used for this purpose.</def>

\'bdLarge <xex>blasts</xex> are often used.\'b8



<au> Tomlinson.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A flatulent disease of sheep.</def>



<cs><col>Blast furnace</col>, <cd>a furnace, usually a shaft

furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by

pressure.</cd> -- <col>Blast hole</col>, <cd>a hole in the bottom

of a pump stock through which water enters.</cd> -- <col>Blast

nozzle</col>, <cd>a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end

of a blast pipe; -- called also <altname>blast

orifice</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In full blast</col>, <cd>in

complete operation; in a state of great activity. See

<er>Blast</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Blast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blasting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To injure, as by

a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or check the growth

of, and prevent from fruit-bearing, by some pernicious influence;

to blight; to shrivel.</def>



<q>Seven thin ears, and <qex>blasted</qex> with the east

wind.</q>

<qau>Gen. xii. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to affect with some sudden violence,

plague, calamity, or blighting influence, which destroys or

causes to fail; to visit with a curse; to curse; to ruin; <as>as,

to <ex>blast</ex> pride, hopes, or character</as>.</def>



<q>I'll cross it, though it <qex>blast</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Blasted</qex> with excess of light.</q>

<qau>T. Gray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To confound by a loud blast or din.</def>



<q>Trumpeters,

With brazen din <qex>blast</qex> you the city's ear.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To rend open by any explosive agent, as

gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; to shatter; <as>as, to <ex>blast</ex>

rocks</as>.</def>



<hw>Blast</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be blighted

or withered; <as>as, the bud <ex>blasted</ex> in the

blossom</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To blow; to blow on a trumpet.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Toke his blake trumpe faste

And gan to puffen and to <qex>blaste</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Blast"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Blighted; withered.</def>



<q>Upon this <qex>blasted</qex> heath. <qex>Shak</qex>.</q>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Confounded; accursed; detestable.</def>



<q>Some of her own <qex>blasted</qex> gypsies.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rent open by an explosive.</def>



<q>The <qex>blasted</qex> quarry thunders, heard remote.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Blas*te"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Blastemata</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> bud, sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The

structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the primitive

basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows.</def>



<hw>Blas*te"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Relating to the blastema;

rudimentary.</def>



<hw>Blas`te*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Connected with, or proceeding from, the

blastema; blastemal.</def>



<hw>Blast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, blasts or destroys.</def>



<hw>Blas"tide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. 

<ets><?/</ets> sprout, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to grow.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small, clear space in the segments of

the ovum, the precursor of the nucleus.</def>



<hw>Blast"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause.</def>



<q>I have smitten you with <qex>blasting</qex> and mildew.</q>

<qau>Amos iv. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or process of one who, or that which,

blasts; the business of one who blasts.</def>



<hw>Blast"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sudden

stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blas`to*car"pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout, germ + <ets><?/</ets> fruit.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Germinating inside the pericarp, as the

mangrove.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Blas"to*c<?/le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> hollow.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The cavity of the blastosphere, or

segmentation cavity.</def>



<hw>Blas"to*cyst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>cyst</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal vesicle.</def>



<hw>Blas"to*derm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>derm</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The germinal membrane in an ovum, from

which the embryo is developed.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blas`to*der*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Blas`to*der"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Of or pertaining to the blastoderm.</def>



<hw>Blas`to*gen"e*sis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>genesis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Multiplication or increase by gemmation

or budding.</def>



<hw>Blas"toid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the Blastoidea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Blas*toid"e*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets> sprout +

<ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the

divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic rocks;

pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike

form.</def>



<hw>Blas"to*mere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>One of the segments first formed by the

division of the ovum.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blas`toph"o*ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Blas`to*phor"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the blastophore.</def>



<hw>Blas"to*phore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + <ets><?/</ets> to bear.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>That portion of the spermatospore which

is not converted into spermatoblasts, but carries them.</def>



<hw>Blas"to*pore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>pore</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The pore or opening leading into the

cavity of invagination, or archenteron.</def> <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Invagination</er>.]</note>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Blas"to*sphere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout + E. <ets>sphere</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>The hollow globe or sphere formed by the

arrangement of the blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated

ovum.</def> <note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Invagination</er>.]</note>



<hw>Blas"to*style</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> sprout, bud + <ets><?/</ets> a pillar.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>In certain hydroids, an imperfect

zooid, whose special function is to produce medusoid buds. See

<er>Hydroidea</er>, and <er>Athecata</er>.</def>



<hw>Blast" pipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The exhaust pipe of a

steam engine, or any pipe delivering steam or air, when so

constructed as to cause a blast.</def>



<hw>\'d8Blas"tu*la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

dim. of Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a sprout.]</ety> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer

cells of the morula become more defined and form the

blastoderm.</def>



<hw>Blas"tule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Biol.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Blastula</er>.</def>



<hw>Blast"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Affected by blasts; gusty.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing blast or injury.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Blat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To cry, as a

calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk

inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Blat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter

inconsiderately.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<q>If I have anything on my mind, I have to <qex>blat</qex> it

right out.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<hw>Bla"tan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Blatant

quality.</def>



<hw>Bla"tant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bleat</er>.]</ety> <def>Bellowing, as a calf; bawling;

brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and

harshly.</def> \'bdHarsh and <xex>blatant</xex> tone.\'b8



<au>R. H. Dana.</au>



<q>A monster, which the <qex>blatant</qex> beast men call.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Glory, that <qex>blatant</qex> word, which haunts some

military minds like the bray of the trumpet.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bla"tant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blatant

manner.</def>



<hw>Blath"er*skite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

blustering, talkative fellow.</def> <mark>[Local slang, U.

S.]</mark>



<au>Barllett.</au>



<hw>Blat"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blattered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[L. <ets>blaterare</ets> to

babble: cf. F. <ets>blat\'82rer</ets> to bleat.]</ety> <def>To

prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to

patter.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> \'bdThe rain

<xex>blattered</xex>.\'b8



<au>Jeffrey.</au>



<q>They procured . . . preachers to <qex>blatter</qex> against

me, . . . so that they had place and time to belie me

shamefully.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<hw>Blat`ter*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blateratio</ets> a babbling.]</ety> <def>Blattering.</def>



<hw>Blat"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster.</def>



<hw>Blat"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Senseless babble or

boasting.</def>



<hw>Blat`ter*oon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blatero</ets>, <ets>-onis</ets>.]</ety> <def>A senseless

babbler or boaster.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdI hate such

<xex>blatteroons</xex>.\'b8



<au>Howell.</au>



<hw>\'d8Blau"bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>blauwbok</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue

buck. See <cref>Blue buck</cref>, under <er>Blue</er>.</def>



<hw>Blay</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/ge</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, bleak, white; akin to

Icel. <ets>bleikja</ets>, OHG. <ets>bleicha</ets>, G.

<ets>bleihe</ets>. See <er>Bleak</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish. See

<er>Bleak</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Blaze</hw> <pr>(bl<amac/z)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blase</ets>, AS. <ets>bl\'91se</ets>, <ets>blase</ets>; akin

to OHG. <ets>blass</ets> whitish, G. <ets>blass</ets> pale, MHG.

<ets>blas</ets> torch, Icel. <ets>blys</ets> torch; perh. fr. the

same root as E. <ets>blast</ets>.  Cf. <er>Blast</er>,

<er>Blush</er>, <er>Blink</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stream

of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of

combustion; a bright flame.</def> \'bdTo heaven the

<xex>blaze</xex> uprolled.\'b8



<au>Croly.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intense, direct light accompanied with heat;

<as>as, to seek shelter from the <ex>blaze</ex> of the

sun</as>.</def>



<q>O dark, dark, dark, amid the <qex>blaze</qex> of noon!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bursting out, or active display of any

quality; an outburst; a brilliant display.</def>  \'bdFierce

<xex>blaze</xex> of riot.\'b8  \'bdHis <xex>blaze</xex> of

wrath.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>For what is glory but the <qex>blaze</qex> of fame?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <wordforms>[Cf. D. <pos>bles</pos>; akin to E.

<pos>blaze</pos> light.]</wordforms> <def>A white spot on the

forehead of a horse.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of

the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark.</def>



<q>Three <qex>blazes</qex> in a perpendicular line on the same

tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement

or neighborhood road.</q>

<qau>Carlton.</qau>



<cs><col>In a blaze</col>, <cd>on fire; burning with a flame;

filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or

exasperated.</cd> -- <col>Like blazes</col>, <cd>furiously;

rapidly. <mark>[Low]</mark> \'bdThe horses did along <xex>like

blazes<xex> tear.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Poem in Essex dialect.</au>



<note><hand/ In <xex>low</xex> language in the U. S.,

<xex>blazes</xex> is frequently used of something extreme or

excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as

<xex>blazes</xex>.</note>



<au>Neal.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blaze</er>, <er>Flame</er>.</syn> <usage> A

<xex>blaze</xex> and a <xex>flame</xex> are both produced by

burning gas. In <xex>blaze</xex> the idea of light rapidly

evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the

<xex>blaze</xex> of the sun or of a meteor. <xex>Flame</xex>

includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the

<xex>flames</xex>.</usage>



<hw>Blaze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blazed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blazing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shine with

flame; to glow with flame; <as>as, the fire

<ex>blazes</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant

light; to show a blaze.</def>



<q>And far and wide the icy summit <qex>blazed</qex>.</q>

<qau> Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be resplendent.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<cs><col>To blaze away</col>, <cd>to discharge a firearm, or to

continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons, as a line

of soldiers. Also used (<xex>fig<xex>.) of speech or action.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Blaze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark (a

tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark.</def>



<q>I found my way by the <qex>blazed</qex> trees.</q>

<qau>Hoffman.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by

blazed trees; <as>as, to <ex>blaze</ex> a line or

path</as>.</def>



<q>Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than

<qex>blaze</qex> out the road to be traveled by others.</q>

<qau>Nott.</qau>



<hw>Blaze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>blasen</ets> to

blow; perh. confused with <ets>blast</ets> and <ets>blaze</ets> a

flame, OE. <ets>blase</ets>. Cf. <er>Blaze</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>, and see <er>Blast</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous.</def>



<q>On charitable lists he <qex>blazed</qex> his name.</q>

<qau> Pollok.</qau>



<q>To <qex>blaze</qex> those virtues which the good would

hide.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To blazon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<hw>Blaz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who spreads

reports or blazes matters abroad.</def> \'bd<xex>Blazers</xex> of

crime.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Blaz"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Burning with a blaze;

<as>as, a <ex>blazing</ex> fire; <ex>blazing</ex>

torches.</as></def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<cs><col>Blazing star</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> A comet.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> A brilliant center of

attraction. <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> A name given to

several plants; as, to <spn>Cham\'91lirium luteum</spn> of the

Lily family; <spn>Liatris squarrosa</spn>; and <spn>Aletris

farinosa</spn>, called also <altname>colicroot</altname> and

<altname>star grass</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bla"zon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blason</ets>, <ets>blasoun</ets>, shield, fr. F.

<ets>blason</ets> coat of arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS.

<ets>bl\'91se</ets> blaze, <ets>i</ets>. <ets>e</ets>., luster,

splendor, MHG. <ets>blas</ets> torch See <er>Blaze</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A shield.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing

on a coat of arms; armorial bearings.</def>



<q>Their <qex>blazon</qex> o'er his towers displayed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The art or act of describing or depicting

heraldic bearings in the proper language or manner.</def>



<au>Peacham.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Ostentatious display, either by words or other

means; publication; show; description; record.</def>



<q>Obtrude the <qex>blazon</qex> of their exploits upon the

company.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<q>Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit,

Do give thee fivefold <qex>blazon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blazoned</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blazoning</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<ets>blazon</ets>, n.; confused with 4th <ets>blaze</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>blasonner</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To depict in

colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make

public far and wide.</def>



<q>Thyself thou <qex>blazon'st</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>There pride sits <qex>blazoned</qex> on th' unmeaning

brow.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<q>To <qex>blazon</qex> his own worthless name.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deck; to embellish; to adorn.</def>



<q>She <qex>blazons</qex> in dread smiles her hideous form.</q>

<qau>Garth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>To describe in proper terms

(the figures of heraldic devices); also, to delineate (armorial

bearings); to emblazon.</def>



<q>The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to

<qex>blazon</qex> into English.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Bla"zon</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shine; to be

conspicuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bla"zon*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who blazons

coats of arms; a herald.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<-- p. 154 -->



<hw>Bla"zon*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or

blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment.</def>



<hw>Bla"zon*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Same as

<er>Blazon</er>, 3.</def>



<q>The principles of <qex>blazonry</qex>.</q>

<qau>Peacham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or

bearings.</def>



<q>The <qex>blazonry</qex> of Argyle.</q>

<qau>Lord Dufferin.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Artistic representation or display.</def>



<hw>Blea</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The part of a tree

which lies immediately under the bark; the alburnum or

sapwood.</def>



<hw>Blea"ber*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Blaeberry</er>.</def>



<hw>Bleach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bleached</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bleaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blakien</ets>,

<ets>blechen</ets>, v. t. & v. i., AS. bl\'be<ets>cian</ets>,

<ets>bl<?/can</ets>, to grow pale; akin to Icel.

<ets>bleikja</ets>, Sw. <ets>bleka</ets>, Dan. <ets>blege</ets>,

D. <ets>bleeken</ets>, G. <ets>bleichen</ets>, AS.

<ets>bl\'bec</ets> pale. See <er>Bleak</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains,

from; to blanch; to whiten.</def>



<q>The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies

to be <qex>bleached</qex> is effected either by the action of the

air and light, of chlorine, or of sulphurous acid.</q>

<qau>Ure.</qau>



<q>Immortal liberty, whose look sublime

Hath <qex>bleached</qex> the tyrant's cheek in every varying

clime.</q>

<qau>Smollett.</qau>



<hw>Bleach</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow white or lose

color; to whiten.</def>



<hw>Bleached</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Whitened; make

white.</def>



<q>Let their <qex>bleached</qex> bones, and blood's unbleaching

stain,

Long mark the battlefield with hideous awe.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Bleach"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by bleaching.</def>



<hw>Bleach"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bleacheries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A place or an

establishment where bleaching is done.</def>



<hw>Bleach"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or process of

whitening, by removing color or stains; esp. the process of

whitening fabrics by chemical agents.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<cs><col>Bleaching powder</col>, <cd>a powder for bleaching,

consisting of chloride of lime, or some other chemical or

chemicals.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bleak</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blac</ets>, <ets>bleyke</ets>, <ets>bleche</ets>, AS.

<ets>bl\'bec</ets>, <ets>bl<?/c</ets>, pale, wan; akin to Icel. 

<ets>bleikr</ets>, Sw. <ets>blek</ets>, Dan. <ets>bleg</ets>, OS.

<ets>bl<?/k</ets>, D. <ets>bleek</ets>, OHG. <ets>pleih</ets>, G. 

<ets>bleich</ets>; all from the root of AS. <ets>bl\'c6can</ets>

to shine; akin to OHG. <ets>bl\'c6chen</ets> to shine; cf. L.

<ets>flagrare</ets> to burn, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to burn, shine,

Skr. <ets>bhr\'bej</ets> to shine, and E. <ets>flame</ets>.

<?/98. Cf. <er>Bleach</er>, <er>Blink</er>,

<er>Flame</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Without color; pale;

pallid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When she came out she looked as pale and as <qex>bleak</qex>

as one that were laid out dead.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.</def>



<q>Wastes too <qex>bleak</qex> to rear

The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>At daybreak, on the <qex>bleak</qex> sea beach.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cold and cutting; cheerless; <as>as, a

<ex>bleak</ex> blast</as>.</def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Bleak"ish</wf>, <pos>a.</pos> --

<wf>Bleak"ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Bleak"ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bleak</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bleak</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, cf. <er>Blay</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A small European river fish <spn>(Leuciscus alburnus)</spn>,

of the family Cyprinid\'91; the blay.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>blick</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The silvery pigment lining the scales of the

<xex>bleak</xex> is used in the manufacture of artificial

pearls.</note>



<au>Baird.</au>



<hw>Bleak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bleak.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Blear</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Blear</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Dim or sore

with water or rheum; -- said of the eyes.</def>



<q>His <qex>blear</qex> eyes ran in gutters to his chin.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Causing or caused by dimness of sight;

dim.</def>



<q>Power to cheat the eye with <qex>blear</qex> illusion.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Blear</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bleared</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blearing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bleren</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>plire</ets> to blink, Sw.

<ets>plira</ets> to twinkle, wink, LG. <ets>plieren</ets>; perh.

from the same root as E. <ets>blink</ets>. See <er>Blink</er>,

and cf. <er>Blur</er>.]</ety> <def>To make somewhat sore or

watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur, as the sight. Figuratively:

To obscure (mental or moral perception); to blind; to

hoodwink.</def>



<q>That tickling rheums

Should ever tease the lungs and <qex>blear</qex> the sight.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>To blear the eye of</col>, <cd>to deceive; to impose

upon. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bleared</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dimmed, as by a

watery humor; affected with rheum.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Blear"ed*ness</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Dardanian wives,

With <qex>bleared</qex> visages, come forth to view

The issue of the exploit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blear"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation

of the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Blear"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum;

dim-sighted.</def>



<q>The <qex>blear-eyed</qex> Crispin.</q>

<qau>Drant.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lacking in perception or penetration;

short-sighted; <as>as, a <ex>blear-eyed</ex> bigot</as>.</def>



<hw>Blear"eyed`ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

blear-eyed.</def>



<hw>Blear"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat

blear.</def>



<hw>Bleat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bleated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Bleating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bleten</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/tan</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>blaten</ets>, <ets>bleeten</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl\'bezan</ets>,

<ets>pl\'bezan</ets>; prob. of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>To

make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a

sheep or calf.</def>



<q>Then suddenly was heard along the main,

To low the ox, to <qex>bleat</qex> the woolly train.</q>

<qau>Pope</qau>



<q>The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never

answer a calf when he <qex>bleats</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bleat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plaintive cry of, or like

that of, a sheep.</def>



<q>The <qex>bleat</qex> of fleecy sheep.</q>

<qau>Chapman's Homer.</qau>



<hw>Bleat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bleats; a sheep.</def>



<q>In cold, stiff soils the <qex>bleaters</qex> oft complain

Of gouty ails.</q>

<qau>Dyer.</qau>



<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Crying as a sheep

does.</def>



<q>Then came the shepherd back with his <qex>bleating</qex>

flocks from the seaside.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Bleat"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The cry of, or as of, a

sheep.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Bleb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>bleb</ets>, <ets>bleib</ets>, <ets>blob</ets>, bubble,

blister. This word belongs to the root of <ets>blub</ets>,

<ets>blubber</ets>, <ets>blabber</ets>, and perh. <ets>blow</ets>

to puff.]</ety> <def>A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing

a serous fluid; a blister; a bubble, as in water, glass,

etc.</def>



<q>Arsenic abounds with air <qex>blebs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Kirwan.</qau>



<hw>Bleb"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing

blebs, or characterized by blebs; <as>as, <ex>blebby</ex>

glass</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bleck</hw>, <hw>Blek</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To blacken; also, to defile.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<au>Wyclif.</au>



<hw>Bled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bleed</er>.</def>



<hw>Blee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>ble\'a2</ets>, <ets>ble\'a2h</ets>.]</ety> <def>Complexion;

color; hue; likeness; form.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>For him which is so bright of <qex>blee</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lament. of Mary Magd.</qau>



<q>That boy has a strong <qex>blee</qex> of his father.</q>

<qau>Forby.</qau>



<hw>Bleed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bleeding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bleden</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/dan</ets>, fr.

<ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; akin to Sw. <ets>bl\'94da</ets>, Dan.

<ets>bl\'94de</ets>, D. <ets>bloeden</ets>, G. <ets>bluten</ets>.

See <er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To emit blood; to

lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; <as>as, the arm

<ex>bleeds</ex>; the wound <ex>bled</ex> freely; to

<ex>bleed</ex> at the nose.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood;

<as>as, Dr</as>. A. <xex>bleeds</xex> in fevers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a

violent death or severe wounds; to die by violence.</def>

\'bdC\'91sar must <xex>bleed</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The lamb thy riot dooms to <qex>bleed</qex> to-day.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an

incision.</def>



<q>For me the balm shall <qex>bleed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To lose sap, gum, or juice; <as>as, a tree or a

vine <ex>bleeds</ex> when tapped or wounded</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or

extorted; <as>as, to <ex>bleed</ex> freely for a

cause</as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To make the heart bleed</col>, <cd>to cause extreme

pain, as from sympathy or pity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bleed</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To let blood

from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as

sap.</def>



<q>A decaying pine of stately size, <qex>bleeding</qex>

amber.</q>

<qau>H. Miller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To draw money from (one); to induce to pay;

<as>as, they <ex>bled</ex> him freely for this fund</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bleed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>One who, or that which, draws blood.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse

or uncontrollable bleeding.</def>

<-- hemophiliac. -->



<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Emitting, or appearing to

emit, blood or sap, etc.; also, expressing anguish or

compassion.</def>



<hw>Bleed"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A running or issuing of

blood, as from the nose or a wound; a hemorrhage; the operation

of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing or running of sap from

a tree or plant.</def>



<hw>Blem"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blemished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blemishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blemissen</ets>,

<ets>blemishen</ets>, OF. <ets>blemir</ets>, <ets>blesmir</ets>,

to strike, injure, soil, F. <ets>bl\'88mir</ets> to grow pale,

fr. OF. <ets>bleme</ets>, <ets>blesme</ets>, pale, wan, F.

<ets>bl\'88me</ets>, prob. fr. Icel <ets>bl\'beman</ets> the

livid color of a wound, fr.  <ets>bl\'ber</ets> blue; akin to E.

<ets>blue</ets>. OF. <ets>blemir</ets> properly signifies to beat

one (black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See

<er>Blue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark with deformity; to

injure or impair, as anything which is well formed, or excellent;

to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind.</def>



<q>Sin is a soil which <qex>blemisheth</qex> the beauty of thy

soul.</q>

<qau>Brathwait.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tarnish, as reputation or character; to

defame.</def>



<q>There had nothing passed between us that might

<qex>blemish</qex> reputation.</q>

<qau>Oldys.</qau>



<hw>Blem"ish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blemishes</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>Any mark of deformity or injury,

whether physical or moral; anything; that diminishes beauty, or

renders imperfect that which is otherwise well formed; that which

impairs reputation.</def>



<q>He shall take two he lambs without <qex>blemish</qex>, and one

ewe lamb of the first year without blemish.</q>

<qau>Lev. xiv. 10.</qau>



<q>The reliefs of an envious man are those little

<qex>blemishes</qex> and imperfections that discover themselves

in an illustrious character.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault;

taint; reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace.</syn>



<hw>Blem"ish*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without blemish;

spotless.</def>



<q>A life in all so <qex>blemishless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Feltham.</qau>



<hw>Blem"ish*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage; impairment.</def>



<q>For dread of blame and honor's <qex>blemishment</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Blench</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blenched</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blenching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenchen</ets> to

blench, elude, deceive, AS. <ets>blencan</ets> to deceive; akin

to Icel. <ets>blekkja</ets> to impose upon. Prop. a causative of

<ets>blink</ets> to make to wink, to deceive. See <er>Blink</er>,

and cf. 3d <er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shrink; to

start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or resolution; to

flinch; to quail.</def>



<q><qex>Blench</qex> not at thy chosen lot.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<q>This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never

<qex>blenched</qex> from its fulfillment.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fly off; to turn aside.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Though sometimes you do <qex>blench</qex> from this to

that.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blench</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To baffle; to

disconcert; to turn away; -- also, to obstruct; to hinder.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ye should have somewhat <qex>blenched</qex> him therewith, yet

he might and would of likelihood have gone further.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw back from; to deny from fear.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He now <qex>blenched</qex> what before he affirmed.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>Blench</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A looking aside or

askance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>These <qex>blenches</qex> gave my heart another youth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blench</hw>, <pos>v. i. & t.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Blanch</er>.]</ety> <def>To grow or make pale.</def>



<au>Barbour.</au>



<hw>Blench"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a

person stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt.

See <er>Blancher</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks

back.</def>



<hw>Blench" hold`ing</hw>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>See <er>Blanch

holding</er>.</def>



<hw>Blend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blended</er> or

<er>Blent</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blending</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenden</ets>,

<ets>blanden</ets>, AS. <ets>blandan</ets> to blend, mix; akin to

Goth. <ets>blandan</ets> to mix, Icel. <ets>blanda</ets>, Sw.

<ets>blanda</ets>, Dan. <ets>blande</ets>, OHG.

<ets>blantan</ets> to mis; to unknown origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or

associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of

demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to

confound.</def>



<q><qex>Blending</qex> the grand, the beautiful, the gay.</q>

<qau>Percival.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil

or corrupt; to blot; to stain.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate;

harmonize.</syn>



<hw>Blend</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To mingle; to

mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each

other, as colors.</def>



<q>There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that

<qex>blends</qex> with our conviviality.</q>

<qau>Irving.</qau>



<hw>Blend</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thorough mixture of one

thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that

it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins.</def>



<hw>Blend</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>blendan</ets>,

from <ets>blind</ets> blind. See <er>Blind</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To make blind, literally or

figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Blende</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.

<ets>blenden</ets> to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr.

<ets>blind</ets> blind. So called either in allusion to its

dazzling luster; or (<ets>Dana</ets>) because, though often

resembling galena, it yields no lead. Cf.

<er>Sphalerite</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

mineral, called also <altname>sphalerite</altname>, and by miners

<altname>mock lead</altname>, <altname>false galena</altname>,

and <altname>black-jack</altname>. It is a zinc sulphide, but

often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or

black, and its luster resinous.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A general

term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a

somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.</def>



<hw>Blend"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in

blending.</def>



<hw>Blend"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

mingling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>The method of laying on

different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and

shade into each other insensibly.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Blend"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, consisting of, or containing, blende.</def>



<hw>Blend"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are

affected.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Blen"heim span"iel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[So called from

<ets>Blenheim House</ets>, the seat of the duke of Marlborough,

in England.]</ety> <def>A small variety of spaniel, kept as a

pet.</def>



<hw>Blenk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To blink; to shine; to

look.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blen"ni*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Blen"ni*id</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Blenny</ets> +

<ets>-oid</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining

to, or resembling, the blennies.</def>



<hw>Blen*nog"e*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets>-genous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Generating

mucus.</def>



<hw>\'d8Blen`nor*rhe"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> mucus + <ets><?/</ets> to flow.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An inordinate secretion and

discharge of mucus.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Gonorrhea.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Blen"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Blennies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>blennius</ets>, <ets>blendius</ets>, <ets>blendea</ets>, Gr.

<ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets> slime, mucus.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A marine fish of the genus

<spn>Blennius</spn> or family <spn>Blenniid\'91</spn>; -- so

called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous.</def>



<hw>Blent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Blend</er> to mingle. <def>Mingled; mixed; blended; also,

polluted; stained.</def>



<q>Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial

<qex>blent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Blent</hw>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of <er>Blend</er> to

blind. <def>Blinded.  Also (<au>Chaucer</au>), <pos>3d sing.

pres.</pos> Blindeth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bles"bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D., fr.

<ets>bles</ets> a white spot on the forehead + <ets>bok</ets>

buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A South African antelope

(<spn>Alcelaphus albifrons</spn>), having a large white spot on

the forehead.</def>



<hw>Bless</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blessed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>

or <er>Blest</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blessing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blessien</ets>,

<ets>bletsen</ets>, AS. <ets>bletsian</ets>, <ets>bledsian</ets>,

<ets>bloedsian</ets>, fr. <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood; prob.

originally to consecrate by sprinkling with blood. See

<er>Blood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make or pronounce

holy; to consecrate</def>



<q>And God <qex>blessed</qex> the seventh day, and sanctified

it.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 3.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer

prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to.</def>



<q>The quality of mercy is . . . twice <qex>blest</qex>;

It <qex>blesseth</qex> him that gives and him that takes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It hath pleased thee to <qex>bless</qex> the house of thy

servant, that it may continue forever before thee.</q>

<qau>1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. )</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To express a wish or prayer for the happiness

of; to invoke a blessing upon; -- applied to persons.</def>



<q><qex>Bless</qex> them which persecute you.</q>

<qau>Rom. xii. 14.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or

qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on

food.</def>



<q>Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking

up to heaven, he <qex>blessed</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Luke ix. 16.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross

(one's self).</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To guard; to keep; to protect.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To praise, or glorify; to extol for

excellences.</def>



<q><qex>Bless</qex> the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within

me, <qex>bless</qex> his holy name.</q>

<qau>Ps. ciii. 1.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To esteem or account happy; to felicitate.</def>



<q>The nations shall <qex>bless</qex> themselves in him.</q>

<qau>Jer. iv. 3.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To wave; to brandish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And burning blades about their heads do <qex>bless</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Round his armed head his trenchant blade he

<qex>blest</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<note><hand/ This is an old sense of the word, supposed by

Johnson, Nares, and others, to have been derived from the old

rite of blessing a field by directing the hands to all parts of

it. \'bdIn drawing [their bow] some fetch such a compass as

though they would turn about and <xex>bless</xex> all the

field.\'b8</note>



<au>Ascham.</au>



<-- p. 155 -->



<cs><mcol><col>Bless me!</col> <col>Bless us!</col></mcol> <cd>an

exclamation of surprise.</cd> <au>Milton</au>. -- <col>To bless

from</col>, <cd>to secure, defend, or preserve from.</cd>

\'bd<xex>Bless<xex> me <xex>from<xex> marrying a usurer.\'b8 

<au>Shak.</au>



<q>To <qex>bless</qex> the doors <qex>from</qex> nightly

harm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



-- <mcol><col>To bless with</col>, <col>To be blessed

with</col></mcol>, <cd>to favor or endow with; to be favored or

endowed with; <as>as, God <ex>blesses</ex> us <ex>with</ex>

health; we are <ex>blessed with</ex> happiness.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bless"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration;

heavenly; holy.</def>



<q>O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode,

And lay it lowly at his <qex>blessed</qex> feet.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with

blessings; happy; highly favored.</def>



<q>All generations shall call me <qex>blessed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Luke i. 48.</qau>



<q>Towards England's <qex>blessed</qex> shore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with

happiness; blissful; joyful.</def>  \'bdThen was a

<xex>blessed</xex> time.\'b8  \'bdSo <xex>blessed</xex> a

disposition.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness,

or heavenly felicity; <as>as, the <ex>blessed</ex> in

heaven</as>.</def>



<q>Reverenced like a <qex>blessed</qex> saint.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Cast out from God and <qex>blessed</qex> vision.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(R. C. Ch.)</fld> <def>Beatified.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Used euphemistically, ironically, or

intensively.</def>



<q>Not a <qex>blessed</qex> man came to set her [a boat]

free.</q>

<qau>R. D. Blackmore.</qau>



<hw>Bless"ed*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Happily; fortunately;

joyfully.</def>



<q>We shall <qex>blessedly</qex> meet again never to depart.</q>

<qau>Sir P. Sidney.</qau>



<hw>Bless"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of

God.</def>



<q>The assurance of a future <qex>blessedness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tillotson.</qau>



<cs><col>Single blessedness</col>, <cd>the unmarried state.

\'bdGrows, lives, and dies in <xex>single

blessedness<xex>.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Delight; beatitude; ecstasy.  See

<er>Happiness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bless"ed this"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Thistle</er>.</def>



<hw>Bless"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing.</def>



<hw>Bless"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>bletsung</ets>.

See <er>Bless</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of one who blesses.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation

imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a

wish of happiness pronounces.</def>



<q>This is the <qex>blessing</qex>, where with Moses the man of

God blessed the children of Israel.</q>

<qau>Deut. xxxiii. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A means of happiness; that which promotes

prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift.</def>



<q>Nature's full <qex>blessings</qex> would be well

dispensed.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Bib.)</fld> <def>A gift.</def> <mark>[A

Hebraism]</mark>



<au>Gen. xxxiii. 11.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Grateful praise or worship.</def>



<hw>Blest</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Blessed.</def> \'bdThis

patriarch <xex>blest</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>White these <qex>blest</qex> sounds my ravished ear

assail.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Blet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>blet</ets>, <ets>blette</ets>, a., soft from over

ripeness.]</ety> <def>A form of decay in fruit which is

overripe.</def>



<hw>Ble"ton*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents

by sensation; -- so called from one <xex>Bleton</xex>, of

France.</def>



<hw>Blet"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A form of

decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit.</def>



<au>Lindley.</au>



<hw>Blew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of

<er>Blow</er>.</def>



<hw>Bleyme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bleime</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An inflammation

in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bleyn"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of

<er>Blench</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Blick"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>blik</ets> tin.]</ety> <def>A tin dinner pail.</def>

<mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Blight</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blighted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Blighting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Perh.

contr. from AS. <ets>bl\'c6cettan</ets> to glitter, fr. the same

root as E. bleak. The meaning \'bdto blight\'b8 comes in that

case from to glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make

pale, bleach. Cf. Bleach, Bleak.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility

of.</def>



<q>[This vapor] blasts vegetables, <qex>blights</qex> corn and

fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to

mar essentially; to frustrate; <as>as, to <ex>blight</ex> one's

prospects</as>.</def>



<q>Seared in heart and lone and <qex>blighted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Blight</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be affected by blight;

to blast; <as>as, this vine never blights</as>.</def>



<hw>Blight</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Mildew; decay;

anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a general name to

various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a

part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or

atmospheric influences.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of blighting, or the state of being

blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in

the whole or a part of a plant, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which frustrates one's plans or withers

one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys.</def>



<q>A <qex>blight</qex> seemed to have fallen over our

fortunes.</q>

<qau>Disraeli.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A downy species of aphis,

or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the

roots and branches; -- also applied to several other injurious

insects.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>A rashlike eruption on the

human skin.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Blight"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Causing blight.</def>



<hw>Blight"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to cause

blight.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blim"bi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Blim"bing</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Bilimbi</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>Blin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blinnen</ets>, AS. <ets>blinnan</ets>; pref. <ets>be-</ets>

+ <ets>linnan</ets> to cease.]</ety> <def>To stop; to cease; to

desist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Blin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>blinn</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Cessation; end.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.; akin to D.,

G., OS., Sw., & Dan. <ets>blind</ets>, Icel. <ets>blindr</ets>,

Goth. <ets>blinds</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect

or by deprivation; without sight.</def>



<q>He that is strucken <qex>blind</qex> can not forget

The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute

of intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or

judge; <as>as, authors are <ex>blind</ex> to their own

defects</as>.</def>



<q>But hard be hardened, <qex>blind</qex> be blinded more,

That they may stumble on, and deeper fall.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Undiscerning; undiscriminating;

inconsiderate.</def>



<q>This plan is recommended neither to <qex>blind</qex>

approbation nor to <qex>blind</qex> reprobation.</q>

<qau>Jay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having such a state or condition as a thing

would have to a person who is blind; not well marked or easily

discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; <as>as, a <ex>blind</ex>

path; a <ex>blind</ex> ditch.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Involved; intricate; not easily followed or

traced.</def>



<q>The <qex>blind</qex> mazes of this tangled wood.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Having no openings for light or passage; <as>as,

a <ex>blind</ex> wall; open only at one end; <as>as, a

<ex>blind</ex> alley</as>; a <ex>blind</ex> gut.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible;

<as>as, a <ex>blind</ex> passage in a book</as>; illegible;

<as>as, <ex>blind</ex> writing</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Hort.)</fld> <def>Abortive; failing to produce

flowers or fruit; <as>as, <ex>blind</ex> buds; <ex>blind</ex>

flowers.</as></def>



<cs><col>Blind alley</col>, <cd>an alley closed at one end; a

<xex>cul-de-sac<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Blind axle</col>, <cd>an axle

which turns but does not communicate motion.</cd>

<au>Knight</au>. -- <col>Blind beetle</col>, <cd>one of the

insects apt to fly against people, esp. at night.</cd> --

<col>Blind cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of

catfish (<spn>Gronias nigrolabris</spn>), nearly destitute of

eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania.</cd> -- <col>Blind

coal</col>, <cd>coal that burns without flame; anthracite

coal.</cd> <au>Simmonds</au>. -- <mcol><col>Blind door</col>,

<col>Blind window</col></mcol>, <cd>an imitation of a door or

window, without an opening for passage or light. See <cref>Blank

door</cref> or <xex>window<xex>, under <er>Blank</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></cd> -- <col>Blind level</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>,

<cd>a level or drainage gallery which has a vertical shaft at

each end, and acts as an inverted siphon.</cd> <au>Knight</au>.

-- <col>Blind nettle</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>dead nettle.

See <cref>Dead nettle</cref>, under <er>Dead</er>.</cd> --

<col>Blind shell</col> <fld>(Gunnery)</fld>, <cd>a shell

containing no charge, or one that does not explode.</cd> --

<col>Blind side</col>, <cd>the side which is most easily

assailed; a weak or unguarded side; the side on which one is

least able or disposed to see danger.</cd> <au>Swift</au>. --

<col>Blind snake</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small,

harmless, burrowing snake, of the family

<spn>Typhlopid\'91</spn>, with rudimentary eyes.</cd> --

<col>Blind spot</col> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the point in the

retina of the eye where the optic nerve enters, and which is

insensible to light.</cd> -- <col>Blind tooling</col>, <cd>in

bookbinding and leather work, the indented impression of heated

tools, without gilding; -- called also <altname>blank

tooling</altname>, and <altname>blind blocking</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Blind wall</col>, <cd>a wall without an opening; a blank

wall.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blinded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Blinding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment.</def>

\'bdTo <xex>blind</xex> the truth and me.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that

<qex>blinds</qex> those whom he should lead is . . .  a much

greater.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To deprive partially of vision; to make vision

difficult for and painful to; to dazzle.</def>



<q>Her beauty all the rest did <qex>blind</qex>.</q>

<qau>P. Fletcher.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To darken; to obscure to the eye or

understanding; to conceal; to deceive.</def>



<q>Such darkness <qex>blinds</qex> the sky.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with

all his art, to <qex>blind</qex> and confound.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine

gravel; as a road newly paved, in order that the joints between

the stones may be filled.</def>



<hw>Blind</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a

cover; esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder

for a horse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something to mislead the eye or the

understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a

subterfuge.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>blindes</ets>, p<?/., fr. G.

<ets>blende</ets>, fr. <ets>blenden</ets> to blind, fr.

<ets>blind</ets> blind.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A blindage.

See <er>Blindage</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A halting place.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blind</hw>, <hw>Blinde</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Blende</er>.</def>



<hw>Blind"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>blindage</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A cover or

protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines

and earth supported by a framework.</def>



<hw>Blind"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, blinds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>One of the leather screens

on a bridle, to hinder a horse from seeing objects at the side; a

blinker.</def>



<hw>Blind"fish`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

fish (<spn>Amblyopsis spel\'91us</spn>) destitute of eyes, found

in the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes

from other caves take the same name.</def>



<hw>Blind"fold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blindfolded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Blindfolding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blindfolden</ets>, <ets>blindfelden</ets>,

<ets>blindfellen</ets>; AS. <ets>blind</ets> blind + prob.

<ets>fellan</ets>, <ets>fyllan</ets>, to fell, strike

down.]</ety> <def>To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to

hinder from seeing.</def>



<q>And when they had <qex>blindfolded</qex> him, they struck him

on the face.</q>

<qau>Luke xxii. 64.</qau>





<hw>Blind"fold`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the eyes covered;

blinded; having the mental eye darkened. Hence: Heedless;

reckless; <as>as, <ex>blindfold</ex> zeal; <ex>blindfold</ex>

fury.</as></def>



<q>Fate's <qex>blindfold</qex> reign the atheist loudly owns.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making blind or as if

blind; depriving of sight or of understanding; obscuring; <as>as,

<ex>blinding</ex> tears; <ex>blinding</ex> snow.</as></def>



<hw>Blind"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A thin coating of sand and

fine gravel over a newly paved road. See <er>Blind</er>, <xex>v.

t.</xex>, 4.</def>



<hw>Blind"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Without sight,

discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation,

knowledge, or purpose of one's own.</def>



<q>By his imperious mistress <qex>blindly</qex> led.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Blind"man's buff"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[See

<er>Buff</er> a buffet.]</ety> <def>A play in which one person is

blindfolded, and tries to catch some one of the company and tell

who it is.</def>



<q>Surely he fancies I play at <qex>blindman's buff</qex> with

him, for he thinks I never have my eyes open.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<hw>Blind`man's hol"i*day</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The time

between daylight and candle light.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>



<hw>Blind"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or

condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.</def>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<cs><col>Color blindness</col>, <cd>inability to distinguish

certain color. See <er>Daltonism</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blind"sto`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The triforium as opposed to the

clearstory.</def>



<hw>Blind"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small, burrowing, snakelike,

limbless lizard (<spn>Anguis fragilis</spn>), with minute eyes,

popularly believed to be blind; the slowworm; -- formerly a name

for the adder.</def>



<q>Newts and <qex>blindworms</qex> do no wrong.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blinked</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blinking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blenken</ets>;

akin to dan. <ets>blinke</ets>, Sw. <ets>blinka</ets>, G.

<ets>blinken</ets> to shine, glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to

shine; and prob. to D. <ets>blikken</ets> to glance, twinkle, G.

<ets>blicken</ets> to look, glance, AS. bl\'c6<ets>can</ets> to

shine, E. <ets>bleak</ets>. <root/98. See <er>Bleak</er>; cf. 1st

<er>Blench</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the

eye.</def>



<q>One eye was <qex>blinking</qex>, and one leg was lame.</q>

<qau>Pope</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly

and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes.</def>



<q>Show me thy chink, to <qex>blink</qex> through with mine

eyne.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to

twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.</def>



<q>The dew was falling fast, the stars began to

<qex>blink</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>The sun <qex>blinked</qex> fair on pool and stream .</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc.</def>



<hw>Blink</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut out of

sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; <as>as, to blink

the question</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To trick; to deceive.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Blink</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>blink</ets>. See

<er>Blink</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos> ]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

glimpse or glance.</def>



<q>This is the first <qex>blink</qex> that ever I had of him.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gleam; glimmer; sparkle.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>Not a <qex>blink</qex> of light was there.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The dazzling whiteness about

the horizon caused by the reflection of light from fields of ice

at sea; ice blink.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pos>pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Blencher</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to

turn or check them.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Blink"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blind</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes.</def>



<q>Among the blind the one-eyed <qex>blinkard</qex> reigns.</q>

<qau>Marvell.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star,

which appears and disappears.</def>



<au>Hakewill.</au>



<hw>Blink" beer`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <def>Beer kept unbroached

until it is sharp.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Blink"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, blinks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a

horse's bridle to prevent him from seeing objects as his side

hence, whatever obstructs sight or discernment.</def>



<q>Nor bigots who but one way see,

through <qex>blinkers</qex> of authority.</q>

<qau>M. Green.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pos>pl.</pos> <def>A kind of goggles, used to

protect the eyes form glare, etc.</def>



<hw>Blink"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Habitually winking.</def>



<au>Marlowe.</au>



<hw>Blirt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A gust of wind and rain.</def>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<hw>Bliss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Blisses</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>blisse</ets>,

AS. <ets>blis</ets>, <ets>bl\'c6<?/s</ets>, fr.

<ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe. See <er>Blithe</er>.]</ety>

<def>Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of

happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy.</def>



<q>An then at last our <qex>bliss</qex>

Full and perfect is.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy;

enjoyment. See <er>Happiness</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bliss"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of,

characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the

highest degree.</def>  \'bd<xex>Blissful</xex> solitude.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Bliss"ful*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Bliss"ful*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bliss"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of bliss.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>Blis"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>blithesome</ets>: but cf. also Icel. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets> of

a goat at heat.]</ety> <def>To be lustful; to be

lascivious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blis"som</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Lascivious; also, in heat;

-- said of ewes.</def>



<hw>Blis"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.; akin to

OD. <ets>bluyster</ets>, fr. the same root as <ets>blast</ets>,

<ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blow</ets>. See <er>Blow</er> to eject

wind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vesicle of the skin, containing

watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn or other

injury, or by a vesicatory; a collection of serous fluid causing

a bladderlike elevation of the cuticle.</def>



<q>And painful <qex>blisters</qex> swelled my tender hands.</q>

<qau>Grainger.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any elevation made by the separation of the film

or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the

surface, as on steel.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or

other matter, applied to raise a blister.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<cs><col>Blister beetle</col>, <cd>a beetle used to raise

blisters, esp. the <xex>Lytta<xex> (or <xex>Cantharis<xex>)

<xex>vesicatoria<xex>, called <xex>Cantharis<xex> or <xex>Spanish

fly<xex> by druggists. See <er>Cantharis</er>.</cd> --

<col>Blister fly</col>, <cd>a blister beetle.</cd> --

<col>Blister plaster</col>, <cd>a plaster designed to raise a

blister; -- usually made of Spanish flies.</cd> -- <col>Blister

steel</col>, <cd>crude steel formed from wrought iron by

cementation; -- so called because of its blistered surface.

Called also <altname>blistered steel</altname>.</cd> --

<col>Blood blister</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blistered</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blistering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be affected

with a blister or blisters; to have a blister form on.</def>



<q>Let my tongue <qex>blister</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blis"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To raise a

blister or blisters upon.</def>



<q>My hands were <qex>blistered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a

blister.</def>



<q>This tyrant, whose sole name <qex>blisters</qex> our

tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blis"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

blisters.</def>



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>Blite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>blitum</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of herbs (<spn>Blitum</spn>>) with a fleshy calyx.

<spn>Blitum capitatum</spn> is the strawberry <xex>blite</xex>.

</def>



<-- p. 156 -->



<hw>Blithe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl\'c6<?/e</ets> blithe, kind; akin to Goth.

<ets>blei<?/s</ets> kind, Icel. <ets>bl\'c6<?/r</ets> mild,

gentle, Dan. & Sw. <ets>blid</ets> gentle, D. <ets>blijd</ets>

blithe, OHG. <ets>bl\'c6di</ets> kind, blithe.]</ety> <def>Gay;

merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; <as>as, a

<ex>blithe</ex> spirit</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>blithe</qex> sounds of festal music.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>A daughter fair,

So buxom, <qex>blithe</qex>, and debonair.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Blithe"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Gay; full of

gayety; joyous.</def>



<hw>Blithe"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blithe

manner.</def>



<hw>Blithe"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

blithe.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Blithe"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Cheery;

gay; merry.</def>



<q>The <qex>blithesome</qex> sounds of wassail gay.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Blithe"some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Blithe"some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[A contraction

of <er>Belive</er>.]</ety> <def>Quickly; forthwith.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bliz"zard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Blaze</er> to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling

volley; cf. \'bdto <ets>blaze</ets> away\'b8 to fire away.]</ety>

<def>A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with

fine and blinding snow; a furious blast.</def> <mark>[U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Bloat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bloated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Bloating</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>blotna</ets> to become soft, <ets>blautr</ets> soft, wet,

Sw. <ets>bl\'94t</ets> soft, <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to soak; akin to

G. <ets>bloss</ets> bare, and AS. <ets>ble\'a0t</ets> wretched;

or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th <ets>blow</ets>. Cf.

<er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make turgid, as with

water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from

effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid

enlargement, often accompanied with softness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inflate; to puff up; to make vain.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bloat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To grow turgid as by

effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to

swell.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Bloat</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bloated.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bloat</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A term of contempt for a

worthless, dissipated fellow.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Bloat</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dry (herrings) in smoke.

See <er>Blote</er>.</def>



<hw>Bloat"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Distended

beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water,

serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; <as>as, a <ex>bloated</ex>

face</as>. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous.</def>



<hw>Bloat"ed*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

bloated.</def>



<hw>Bloat"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bloat</er>, <er>Blote</er>.]</ety> <def>The common herring,

esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; -- called also

<altname>bloat herring</altname>.</def>



<hw>Blob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bleb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something blunt and round;

a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a

bubble; a blister.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fresh-water fish

(<spn>Uranidea Richardsoni</spn>); the miller's thumb.</def>



<hw>Blob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Blubber</er>, <er>Blub</er>.]</ety> <def>A bubble;

blubber.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>T. Carew.</au>



<cs><col>Blobber lip</col>, <cd>a thick, protruding

lip.</cd></cs>



<q>His <qex>blobber</qex> lips and beetle brows commend.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Blob"ber-lipped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

thick lips.</def> \'bdA <xex>blobber-lipped</xex> shell.\'b8



<au>Grew.</au>



<hw>\'d8Blo*cage"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The roughest and cheapest

sort of rubblework, in masonry.</def>



<hw>Block</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blok</ets>; cf. F. <ets>bloc</ets> (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan.

<ets>blok</ets>, Sw. & G. <ets>block</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bloch</ets>. There is also an OHG. <ets>bloch</ets>,

<ets>biloh</ets>; <ets>bi</ets> by + the same root as that of E.

<ets>lock</ets>. Cf. <er>Block</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>,

<er>Blockade</er>, and see <er>Lock</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass

of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or

approximately plane, faces; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> on which a

butcher chops his meat; a <ex>block</ex> by which to mount a

horse; children's playing <ex>blocks</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<q>Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke,

And Christmas <qex>blocks</qex> are burning.</q>

<qau>Wither.</qau>



<q>All her labor was but as a <qex>block</qex>

Left in the quarry.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The solid piece of wood on which condemned

persons lay their necks when they are beheaded.</def>



<q>Noble heads which have been brought to the

<qex>block</qex>.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc.,

are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat.</def>



<q>He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever

changes with the next <qex>block</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A large or long building divided into separate

houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact

with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or

shops.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A square, or portion of a city inclosed by

streets, whether occupied by buildings or not.</def>



<q>The new city was laid out in rectangular <qex>blocks</qex>,

each <qex>block</qex> containing thirty building lots. Such an

average <qex>block</qex>, comprising 282 houses and covering nine

acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street.</q>

<qau>Lond. Quart. Rev.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or

shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it

may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction

of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be

conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are

compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased

force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in

tackles.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>The perch on which a bird

of prey is kept.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a

stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; <as>as, a <ex>block</ex> in the

way</as>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A piece of box or other wood for engravers'

work.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood (as

mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is

mounted to make it type high.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What a <qex>block</qex> art thou !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>A section of a railroad where the block system

is used. See <cref>Block system</cref>, below.</def>



<cs><col>A block of shares</col> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>,

<cd>a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a

lump.</cd> <au>Bartlett</au>. -- <col>Block printing</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A mode of printing (common in China and Japan)

from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the

linked surface and rubbed with a brush.</cd> <au>S. W.

Williams</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A method of printing cotton cloth

and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved

surface coated with coloring matter.</cd> -- <col>Block

system</col> <cd>on railways, a system by which the track is

divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so

run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a

section or block before the preceding train has left

it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Block</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blocked</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blocking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bloquer</ets>,

fr. <ets>bloc</ets> block. See <er>Block</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To obstruct so as to

prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or

into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things;

-- often followed by <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>block</ex> up

a road or harbor</as>.</def>



<q>With moles . . . would <qex>block</qex> the port.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<q>A city . . . besieged and <qex>blocked</qex> about.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To secure or support by means of blocks; to

secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces

of wood glued to each.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To shape on, or stamp with, a block; <as>as, to

<ex>block</ex> a hat</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To block out</col>, <cd>to begin to reduce to shape; to

mark out roughly; to lay out; <as>as, to <ex>block out<ex> a

plan</as>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Block*ade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. It.

<ets>bloccata</ets>. See <er>Block</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The shutting up of a place by troops or ships,

with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the

reception of supplies; <as>as, the <ex>blockade</ex> of the ports

of an enemy</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Blockade</xex> is now usually applied to an

investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an

investment by land forces. To constitute a <xex>blockade</xex>,

the investing power must be able to apply its force to every

point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to

attempt to enter; and there is no <xex>blockade</xex> of that

port where its force can not be brought to bear.</note>



<au>Kent.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An obstruction to passage.</def>



<cs><col>To raise a blockade</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Raise</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Block*ade"</hw>, <pos>v. t. </pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blockaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blockading</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shut up, as

a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war

for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the

introduction of supplies. See note under <er>Blockade</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></def> \'bd<xex>Blockaded</xex> the place by

sea.\'b8



<au>Gilpin.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.</def>



<q>Till storm and driving ice <qex>blockade</qex> him there.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To obstruct entrance to or egress from.</def>



<q>Huge bales of British cloth <qex>blockade</qex> the door.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Block*ad"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who blockades.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A vessel employed in

blockading.</def>



<hw>Block"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

blocking up; the state of being blocked up.</def>



<hw>Block" book`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A book printed from

engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types.</def>



<hw>Block"head`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stupid

fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.</def>



<q>The bookful <qex>blockhead</qex>, ignorantly read,

With loads of learned lumber in his head.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Block"head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>



<hw>Block"head*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>That

which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Block"house`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Block</ets> + <ets>house</ets>: cf. G.

<ets>blockhaus</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for

military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and

often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon

it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower

story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all

directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A house of squared logs.</def> <mark>[West. &

South. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Block"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or

blocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Blocks used to support (a building, etc.)

temporarily.</def>



<hw>Block"ing course`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>The finishing course of a wall showing above a

cornice.</def>



<hw>Block"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a block; deficient in

understanding; stupid; dull.</def> \'bd<xex>Blockish</xex>

Ajax.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Block"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Block"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Block"like`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

block; stupid.</def>



<hw>Block" tin`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Tin</er>.</def>



<hw>Bloe"dite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

chemist <ets>Bl\'94de</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A

hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.</def>



<hw>Blom"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bloomery</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blonc"ket</hw>, <hw>Blon"ket</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>blanquet</ets>

whitish, dim. of <ets>blanc</ets> white. Cf.

<er>Blanket</er>.]</ety> <def>Gray; bluish gray.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Our <qex>bloncket</qex> liveries been all too sad.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blond</hw>, <hw>Blonde</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS.

<ets>blonden-feax</ets> gray-haired, old, prop. blended-haired,

as a mixture of white and brown or black. See <er>Blend</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> ]</ety> <def>Of a fair color; light-colored;

<as>as, <ex>blond</ex> hair; a <ex>blond</ex>

complexion.</as></def>



<hw>Blonde</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A person of very fair complexion, with light

hair and light blue eyes.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>blond</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[So called from its color.]</ety> <def>A kind of

silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes

dyed; -- called also <altname>blond lace</altname>.</def>



<hw>Blond" met`al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A variety of clay

ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making

tools.</def>



<hw>Blond"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

blond.</def>



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<hw>Blood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blod</ets>, <ets>blood</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/d</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>bloed</ets>, OHG. <ets>bluot</ets>, G. <ets>blut</ets>,

Goth, <ets>bl<?/<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>blod</ets>; prob. fr.

the same root as E. <ets>blow</ets> to bloom. See <er>Blow</er>

to bloom.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fluid which circulates in

the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to

all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be

excreted. See under <er>Arterial</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The blood consists of a liquid, the plasma,

containing minute particles, the blood corpuscles. In the

invertebrate animals it is usually nearly colorless, and contains

only one kind of corpuscles; but in all vertebrates, except

Amphioxus, it contains some colorless corpuscles, with many more

which are red and give the blood its uniformly red color. See

<er>Corpuscle</er>, <er>Plasma</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Relationship by descent from a common ancestor;

consanguinity; kinship.</def>



<q>To share the <qex>blood</qex> of Saxon royalty.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>A friend of our own <qex>blood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Waller.</qau>



<cs><col>Half blood</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>relationship

through only one parent.</cd> -- <col>Whole blood</col>,

<cd>relationship through both father and mother. In American Law,

<xex>blood<xex> includes both half blood, and whole

blood.</cd></cs>



<au>Bouvier. Peters.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth;

the highest royal lineage.</def>



<q>Give us a prince of <qex>blood</qex>, a son of Priam.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>I am a gentleman of <qex>blood</qex> and breeding.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Stock Breeding)</fld> <def>Descent from parents

of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.</def>



<note><hand/ In stock breeding <xex>half blood</xex> is descent

showing one half only of pure breed. <xex>Blue blood</xex>,

<xex>full blood</xex>, or <xex>warm blood</xex>, is the same as

<xex>blood</xex>.</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The fleshy nature of man.</def>



<q>Nor gives it satisfaction to our <qex>blood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The shedding of blood; the taking of life,

murder; manslaughter; destruction.</def>



<q>So wills the fierce, avenging sprite,

Till <qex>blood</qex> for <qex>blood</qex> atones.</q>

<qau>Hood.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He was a thing of <qex>blood</qex>, whose every motion

Was timed with dying cries.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Temper of mind; disposition; state of the

passions; -- as if the blood were the seat of emotions.</def>



<q>When you perceive his <qex>blood</qex> inclined to mirth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ Often, in this sense, accompanied with

<xex>bad</xex>, <xex>cold</xex>, <xex>warm</xex>, or other

qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in <xex>cold blood</xex>,

is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in

<xex>bad blood</xex>, is to do it in anger. <xex>Warm blood</xex>

denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To <xex>warm</xex> or

<xex>heat the blood</xex> is to excite the passions. Qualified by

<xex>up</xex>, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my

<xex>blood</xex> was <xex>up</xex>.</note>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay,

showy man; a rake.</def>



<q>Seest thou not . . . how giddily 'a turns about all the hot

<qex>bloods</qex> between fourteen and five and thirty?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It was the morning costume of a dandy or <qex>blood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The juice of anything, especially if red.</def>



<q>He washed . . . his clothes in the <qex>blood</qex> of

grapes.</q>

<qau>Gen. xiix. 11.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Blood</xex> is often used as an adjective, and

as the first part of self-explaining compound words; as,

<xex>blood-</xex>bespotted, <xex>blood-</xex>bought,

<xex>blood-</xex>curdling, <xex>blood-</xex>dyed,

<xex>blood-</xex>red, <xex>blood-</xex>spilling,

<xex>blood-</xex>stained, <xex>blood-</xex>warm,

<xex>blood-</xex>won.</note>



<cs><col>Blood baptism</col> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>the

martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were

considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full

substitute for literal baptism.</cd> -- <col>Blood blister</col>,

<cd>a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually

caused by an injury.</cd> -- <col>Blood brother</col>,

<cd>brother by blood or birth.</cd> -- <col>Blood clam</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca

and allied genera, esp. <spn>Argina pexata</spn> of the American

coast. So named from the color of its flesh.</cd> -- <col>Blood

corpuscle</col>. <cd>See <er>Corpuscle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood

crystal</col> <fld>(Physiol.)</fld>, <cd>one of the crystals

formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the

h\'91moglobin of the red blood corpuscles; h\'91matocrystallin.

All blood does not yield blood crystals.</cd> -- <col>Blood

heat</col>, <cd>heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or

about 98\'ab <deg/ Fahr.</cd> -- <col>Blood horse</col>, <cd>a

horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most

highly prized origin or stock.</cd> -- <col>Blood money</col>.

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blood orange</col>,

<cd>an orange with dark red pulp.</cd> -- <col>Blood

poisoning</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a morbid state of the

blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective

matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as

are produced in the body itself; tox\'91mia.</cd> -- <col>Blood

pudding</col>, <cd>a pudding made of blood and other

materials.</cd> -- <col>Blood relation</col>, <cd>one connected

by blood or descent.</cd> -- <col>Blood spavin</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blood vessel</col>. <cd>See

in the Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>, <cd>the blood

of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish

prover , has in it a tinge of blue; -- hence, a member of an old

and aristocratic family.</cd> -- <col>Flesh and blood</col>.

<cd><sd>(a)</sd> A blood relation, esp. a child. <sd>(b)</sd>

Human nature.</cd> -- <col>In blood</col> <fld>(Hunting)</fld>,

<cd>in a state of perfect health and vigor. <xex>Shak<xex>.</cd>

-- <col>To let blood</col>. <cd>See under <er>Let</er>.</cd> --

<col>Prince of the blood</col>, <cd>the son of a sovereign, or

the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of

the sovereign are styled <xex>princes of the blood royal<xex>;

and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are <xex>princesses of the

blood royal<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blooded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Blooding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bleed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<-- p. 157 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stain, smear or wet, with blood.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Reach out their spears afar,

And <qex>blood</qex> their points.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or

sight of blood, as in hunting or war.</def>



<q>It was most important too that his troops should be

<qex>blooded</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To heat the blood of; to exasperate.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much

<qex>blooded</qex> one against another.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Blood"bird`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian honeysucker

(<spn>Myzomela sanguineolata</spn>); -- so called from the bright

red color of the male bird.</def>



<hw>Blood"-bol`tered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + Prov. E. <ets>bolter</ets> to mat in

tufts. Cf.</pos> <er>Balter</er>.]</ety> <def>Having the hair

matted with clotted blood.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<q>The <qex>blood-boltered</qex> Banquo smiles upon me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blood"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having pure blood, or a

large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best

stock.</def>



<note><hand/ Used also in composition in phrases indicating a

particular condition or quality of blood; as,

cold-<xex>blooded</xex>; warm-<xex>blooded</xex>.</note>



<hw>Blood"flow`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

color of the flower.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of

bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named

<spn>H\'91manthus</spn>, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of

<spn>H. toxicarius</spn> is used by the Hottentots to poison

their arrows.</def>



<hw>Blood"guilt`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Guilty of

murder or bloodshed.</def>  \'bdA <xex>bloodguilty</xex>

life.\'b8 <au>Fairfax</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Blood"guilt`i*ness</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> -- <wf>Blood"guilt`less</wf>,

<pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blood"hound`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A breed

of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous

ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to

recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and

for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway

slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same

purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to

be a variety of the mastiff.</def>



<hw>Blood"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.</def>



<hw>Blood"i*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

of being bloody.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disposition to shed blood;

bloodthirstiness.</def>



<q>All that <qex>bloodiness</qex> and savage cruelty which was in

our nature.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<hw>Blood"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/dle\'a0s</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Destitute of

blood, or apparently so; <as>as, <ex>bloodless</ex> cheeks</as>;

lifeless; dead.</def>



<q>The <qex>bloodless</qex> carcass of my Hector sold.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not attended with shedding of blood, or

slaughter; <as>as, a <ex>bloodless</ex> victory</as>.</def>



<au>Froude.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Without spirit or activity.</def>



<q>Thou <qex>bloodless</qex> remnant of that royal blood !</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Blood"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Blood"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blood"let`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>v. t. </pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/dl<?/tan</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood +

<ets>l<?/atan</ets> to let.]</ety> <def>bleed; to let

blood.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Blood"let`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who,

or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist.</def>



<hw>Blood"let`ting</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein

or artery, or by cupping or leeches; -- esp. applied to

venesection.</def>



<hw>Blood" mon`ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>Money paid

to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by

another.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of

another's life; -- said of a reward for supporting a capital

charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for

committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that

which will destroy the purchaser.</def>



<hw>Blood"root`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Sanguinaria

Canadensis</spn>), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a

pretty, white flower in early spring; -- called also

<altname>puccoon</altname>, <altname>redroot</altname>,

<altname>bloodwort</altname>, <altname>tetterwort</altname>,

<altname>turmeric</altname>, and <altname>Indian paint</altname>.

It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a

stimulant expectorant. See <er>Sanguinaria</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ In England the name is given to the tormentil, once

used as a remedy for dysentery.</note>



<hw>Blood"shed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shed</ets>]</ety> <def>The shedding

or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood,

or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder.</def>



<hw>Blood"shed`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer.</def>



<hw>Blood"shed`ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Bloodshed.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blood"shot`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blood</ets> + <ets>shot</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>shoot</ets> to variegate.]</ety> <def>Red and inflamed;

suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as

when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated.</def>



<q>His eyes were <qex>bloodshot</qex>, . . . and his hair

disheveled.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<hw>Blood"-shot`ten</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bloodshot.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blood"stick"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A piece of hard wood loaded at one end

with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein.</def>



<au>Youatt.</au>



<hw>Blood"stone`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A green siliceous stone

sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; --

called also <altname>heliotrope</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or

\'bdstreak.\'b8</def>



<hw>Blood"stroke`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>coup de sang</ets>.]</ety> <def>Loss of sensation and motion

from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Blood"suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the

leech (<spn>Hirudo medicinalis</spn>), and related species.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man;

one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money

lender; an extortioner.</def>



<hw>Blood"thirst`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Eager to

shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Blood"thirst`i*ness</wf> (<?/),

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blood"ulf</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bullfinch.</def>



<hw>Blood" ves`sel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any

vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an

artery or vein.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blood"wite`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Blood"wit`</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/w\'c6te</ets>; <ets>bl<?/d</ets> blood, +

<ets>w\'c6te</ets> wite, fine.]</ety> <fld>(Anc. Law)</fld>

<def>A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding

of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled.</def>



<hw>Blood"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of

blood.</def>



<note>Norfolk Island <xex>bloodwood</xex> is a euphorbiaceous

tree (<spn>Baloghia lucida</spn>), from which the sap is

collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name,

chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as <spn>Gordonia

H\'91matoxylon</spn> of Jamaica, and several species of

Australian <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>; also the true logwood (</spn>

H\'91matoxylon campechianum</spn>).</note>



<hw>Blood"wort`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant, <spn>Rumex sanguineus</spn>, or

bloody-veined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot

(<spn>Sanguinaria Canadensis</spn>), and to an extensive order of

plants (<spn>H\'91modorace\'91</spn>), the roots of many species

of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing.</def>



<hw>Blood"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/dig</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Containing or

resembling blood; of the nature of blood; <as>as, <ex>bloody</ex>

excretions; <ex>bloody</ex> sweat.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smeared or stained with blood; <as>as,

<ex>bloody</ex> hands; a <ex>bloody</ex> handkerchief.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood;

having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel.</def>



<q>Some <qex>bloody</qex> passion shakes your very frame.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Attended with, or involving, bloodshed;

sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; <as>as, a

<ex>bloody</ex> battle</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Infamous; contemptible; -- variously used for

mere emphasis or as a low epithet.</def> <mark>[Vulgar]</mark>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Blood"y</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bloodied</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bloodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To stain with

blood.</def>



<au>Overbury.</au>



<hw>Blood"y*bones`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

terrible bugbear.</def>



<hw>Blood"y flux`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The dysentery, a

disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a

mixture of blood.</def>



<au>Arbuthnot.</au>



<hw>Blood"y hand`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hand

stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws

of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the

forest against venison.</def>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A red hand, as in the arms of

Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the

United Kingdom.</def>



<hw>Blood"y-mind"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Blood"y sweat`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A sweat accompanied

by a discharge of blood; a disease, called <xex>sweating

sickness</xex>, formerly prevalent in England and other

countries.</def>



<hw>Bloom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blome</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bl<?/m</ets>,

<ets>bl<?/mi</ets>; akin to Sw. <ets>blom</ets>, Goth.

<ets>bl<?/ma</ets>, OS. <ets>bl<?/mo</ets>, D. <ets>bloem</ets>,

OHG. <ets>bluomo</ets>, <ets>bluoma</ets>, G. <ets>blume</ets>;

fr. the same root as AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, blossom.

See <er>Blow</er> to bloom, and cf. <er>Blossom</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded

bud; flowers, collectively.</def>



<q>The rich <qex>blooms</qex> of the tropics.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The opening of flowers in general; the state of

blossoming or of having the flowers open; <as>as, the cherry

trees are in <ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def> \'bdSight of vernal

<xex>bloom</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor;

an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into

blossoms; <as>as, the <ex>bloom</ex> of youth</as>.</def>



<q>Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter

<qex>bloom</qex>, a more delicate and briefer beauty.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The delicate, powdery coating upon certain

growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums,

etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive

freshness; a flush; a glow.</def>



<q>A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the <qex>bloom</qex>

upon it.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes

takes upon the surface of a picture.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which

appears on well-tanned leather.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A popular term for a

bright-hued variety of some minerals; <as>as, the rose-red cobalt

<ex>bloom</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bloom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bloomed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blooming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in

flower.</def>



<q>A flower which once

In Paradise, fast by the tree of life,

Began to <qex>bloom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and

vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give

promise, as by or with flowers.</def>



<q>A better country <qex>blooms</qex> to view,</q>

<q>Beneath a brighter sky.</q>

<qau>Logan.</qau>



<hw>Bloom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

blossom; to make flourish.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Charitable affection <qex>bloomed</qex> them.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or

radiant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>While barred clouds <qex>bloom</qex> the soft-dying day.</q>

<qau>Keats.</qau>



<hw>Bloom</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>bl<?/ma</ets> a mass

or lump, <ets>\'c6senes bl<?/ma</ets> a lump or wedge of

iron.]</ety> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A mass of

wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace,

deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an

oblong block by shingling.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A large bar of

steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling,

being a preliminary shape for further working.</def>



<hw>Bloom"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bloomery</er>.</def>



<hw>Bloom"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From Mrs.

<ets>Bloomer</ets>, an American, who sought to introduce this

style of dress.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A costume for women,

consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round

ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.</def>



<hw>Bloom"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>A furnace and forge in which wrought

iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or

(more rarely) from cast iron.</def>



<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The

process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.</def>



<hw>Bloom"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Opening in

blossoms; flowering.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor;

indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.</def>



<hw>Bloom"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blooming

manner.</def>



<hw>Bloom"ing*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A blooming

condition.</def>



<hw>Bloom"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without bloom or

flowers.</def>



<au>Shelley.</au>



<hw>Bloom"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth;

<as>as, a <ex>bloomy</ex> spray</as>.</def>



<q>But all the <qex>bloomy</qex> flush of life is fled.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Covered with bloom, as fruit.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Blooth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bloom; a

blossoming.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<q>All that <qex>blooth</qex> means heavy autumn work for him and

his hands.</q>

<qau>T. Hardy.</qau>



<hw>Blore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a variant

of <ets>blare</ets>, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. <ets>blor</ets> a

loud noise.]</ety> <def>The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a

blast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A most tempestuous <qex>blore</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Blos"my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Blossomy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Blos"som</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>blosme</ets>, <ets>blostme</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/sma</ets>,

<ets>bl<?/stma</ets>, blossom; akin to D. <ets>bloesem</ets>, L.

<ets>fios</ets>, and E. <ets>flower</ets>; from the root of E.

<ets>blow</ets> to blossom. See <er>Blow</er> to blossom, and cf.

<er>Bloom</er> a blossom.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The flower of a

plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their

appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant,

collectively; <as>as, the <ex>blossoms</ex> and fruit of a tree;

an apple tree in <ex>blossom</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ The term has been applied by some botanists, and is

also applied in common usage, to the <xex>corolla</xex>. It is

more commonly used than <xex>flower</xex> or <xex>bloom</xex>,

when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we

use <xex>flowers</xex> when we speak of plants cultivated for

ornament, and <xex>bloom</xex> in a more general sense, as of

flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of

flowers.</note>



<q><qex>Blossoms</qex> flaunting in the eye of day.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blooming period or stage of development;

something lovely that gives rich promise.</def>



<q>In the <qex>blossom</qex> of my youth.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The color of a horse that has white hairs

intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; -- otherwise called

<xex>peach color</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>In blossom</col>, <cd>having the blossoms open; in

bloom.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blos"som</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blossomed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blossoming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bl<?/stmian</ets>. See <er>Blossom</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put forth blossoms or

flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.</def>



<q>The moving whisper of huge trees that branched

And <qex>blossomed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To flourish and prosper.</def>



<q>Israel shall <qex>blossom</qex> and bud, and full the face of

the world with fruit.</q>

<qau>Isa. xxvii. 6.</qau>



<hw>Blos"som*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

blossoms.</def>



<hw>Blos"som*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

blossoms; flowery.</def>



<hw>Blot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blotted</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>plette</ets>.

See 3d <er>Blot</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink.</def>



<q>The brief was writ and <qex>blotted</qex> all with gore.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil.</def>



<q>It <qex>blots</qex> thy beauty, as frosts do bite the

meads.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To stain with infamy; to disgrace.</def>



<q><qex>Blot</qex> not thy innocence with guiltless blood.</q>

<qau>Rowe.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel;

to efface; -- generally with <xex>out</xex>; <as>as, to

<ex>blot</ex> out a word or a sentence</as>. Often figuratively;

<as>as, to <ex>blot</ex> out offenses</as>.</def>



<q>One act like this <qex>blots</qex> out a thousand crimes.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow.</def>



<q>He sung how earth <qex>blots</qex> the moon's gilded wane.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To dry, as writing, with blotting paper.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel;

tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch.</syn>



<hw>Blot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take a blot; <as>as, this

paper <ex>blots</ex> easily</as>.</def>



<hw>Blot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel. <ets>blettr</ets>,

Dan. <ets>plet</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spot or stain, as

of ink on paper; a blur.</def> \'bdInky <xex>blots</xex> and

rotten parchment bonds.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An obliteration of something written or printed;

an erasure.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a

reproach; a blemish.</def>



<q>This deadly <qex>blot</qex> in thy digressing son.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan. <ets>blot</ets> bare,

naked, Sw. <ets>blott</ets>, d. bloot, G. <ets>bloss</ets>, and

perh. E. <ets>bloat</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Backgammon)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An exposure of a single

man to be taken up.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A single man left on

a point, exposed to be taken up.</def>



<q>He is too great a master of his art to make a <qex>blot</qex>

which may be so easily hit.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or

mark.</def>



<hw>Blotch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>blacche</ets> in <ets>blacchepot</ets> blacking pot, akin to

<ets>black</ets>, as <ets>bleach</ets> is akin to

<ets>bleak</ets>. See <er>Black</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, or cf.

<er>Blot</er> a spot.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A blot or spot, as

of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also

<xex>Fig</xex>.; <as>as, a moral <ex>blotch</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Spots and <qex>blotches</qex> . . . some red, others

yellow.</q>

<qau>Harvey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A large pustule, or a coarse

eruption.</def>



<q>Foul scurf and <qex>blotches</qex> him defile.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Blotched</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked or

covered with blotches.</def>



<q>To give their <qex>blotched</qex> and blistered bodies

ease.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Blotch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

blotches.</def>



<hw>Blote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bloted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Bloting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. Sw.

<ets>bl\'94t-fisk</ets> soaked fish, fr. <ets>bl\'94ta</ets> to

soak. See 1st <er>Bloat</er>.]</ety> <def>To cure, as herrings,

by salting and smoking them; to bloat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blot"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

blot.</def>



<hw>Blot"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing

superfluous ink.</def>



<-- p. 158 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Com.)</fld> <def>A wastebook, in which entries

of transactions are made as they take place.</def>



<hw>Blot*tesque"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Painting)</fld> <def>Characterized by blots or heavy

touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation.</def>



<au>Ruskin.</au>



<hw>Blot"ting pa`per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A kind of thick,

bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from

freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots.</def>



<hw>Blouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>blouse</ets>. Of unknown origin.]</ety> <def>A light, loose

over-garment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen

in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress

uniform coat of the United States army.</def>



<hw>Blow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Blew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p.

p.</pos> <er>Blown</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blowen</ets>, AS.

<ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blossom; akin to OS. <ets>bl<?/jan</ets>,

D. <ets>bloeijen</ets>, OHG. <ets>pluojan</ets>, MHG.

<ets>bl<?/ejen</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'81hen</ets>, L.

<ets>florere</ets> to flourish, OIr. <ets>blath</ets> blossom.

Cf. <er>Blow</er> to puff, <er>Flourish</er>.]</ety> <def>To

flower; to blossom; to bloom.</def>



<q>How <qex>blows</qex> the citron grove.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Blow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to blossom; to put

forth (blossoms or flowers).</def>



<q>The odorous banks, that <qex>blow</qex>

Flowers of more mingled hue.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Blow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A blossom; a

flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms.</def>

\'bdSuch a <xex>blow</xex> of tulips.\'b8



<au>Tatler.</au>



<hw>Blow</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>blaw</ets>,

<ets>blowe</ets>; cf. OHG. <ets>bliuwan</ets>,

<ets>pliuwan</ets>, to beat, G. <ets>bl\'84uen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>bliggwan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A forcible stroke

with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax,

or a sword.</def>



<q>Well struck ! there was <qex>blow</qex> for

<qex>blow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden or forcible act or effort; an

assault.</def>



<q>A vigorous <qex>blow</qex> might win [Hanno's camp].</q>

<qau>T. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity;

something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering

or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet.</def>



<q>A most poor man, made tame to fortune's <qex>blows</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>At a blow</col>, <cd>suddenly; at one effort; by a

single vigorous act.</cd> \'bdThey lose a province <xex>at a

blow</xex>.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. -- <col>To come to blows</col>,

<cd>to engage in combat; to fight; -- said of individuals,

armies, and nations.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune.</syn>



<hw>Blow</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos>

<er>Blew</er> <pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. p.</pos> <er>Blown</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blawen</ets>,

<ets>blowen</ets>, AS. <ets>bl<?/wan</ets> to blow, as wind; akin

to OHG. <ets>pl<?/jan</ets>, G. <ets>bl\'84hen</ets>, to blow up,

swell, L. <ets>flare</ets> to blow, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to spout

out, and to E. <ets>bladder</ets>, <ets>blast</ets>,

<ets>inflate</ets>, etc., and perh. <ets>blow</ets> to

bloom.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To produce a current of air; to

move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; <as>as, the

wind <ex>blows</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Hark how it rains and <qex>blows</qex> !</q>

<qau>Walton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send forth a forcible current of air, as from

the mouth or from a pair of bellows.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to

puff.</def>



<q>Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and

<qex>blowing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To sound on being blown into, as a

trumpet.</def>



<q>There let the pealing organ <qex>blow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a

whale.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To be carried or moved by the wind; <as>as, the

dust <ex>blows</ex> in from the street</as>.</def>



<q>The grass <qex>blows</qex> from their graves to thy own.</q>

<qau>M. Arnold.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To talk loudly; to boast; to storm.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>You <qex>blow</qex> behind my back, but dare not say anything

to my face.</q>

<qau>Bartlett.</qau>



<cs><col>To blow hot and cold</col> <ety>(a saying derived from a

fable of <AE/sop's)</ety>, <cd>to favor a thing at one time and

treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to

oppose.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to let steam escape

through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or

steamer is <xex>blowing off<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To blow out</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas

or vapor; <as>as, a steam cock or valve sometimes <ex>blows

out</ex></as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To talk violently or

abusively.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To blow over</col>,

<cd>to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated;

<as>as, the storm and the clouds have <ex>blown

over<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>, <cd>to be torn to

pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or

gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a

powder mill or steam boiler <xex>blows up<xex>.</cd> \'bdThe

enemy's magazines <xex>blew up<xex>.\'b8  <au>Tatler.</au></cs>



<hw>Blow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To force a

current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; <as>as, to

<ex>blow</ex> the fire</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To drive by a current air; to impel; <as>as, the

tempest <ex>blew</ex> the ship ashore</as>.</def>



<q>Off at sea northeast winds <qex>blow</qex>

Sabean odors from the spicy shore.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cause air to pass through by the action of

the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument;

<as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a trumpet; to <ex>blow</ex> an

organ.</as></def>



<q>Hath she no husband

That will take pains to <qex>blow</qex> a horn before her?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Boy, <qex>blow</qex> the pipe until the bubble rise,

Then cast it off to float upon the skies.</q>

<qau>Parnell.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To clear of contents by forcing air through;

<as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> an egg; to <ex>blow</ex> one's

nose.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion;

-- usually with <xex>up</xex>, <xex>down</xex>, <xex>open</xex>,

or similar adverb; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> up a

building</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To spread by report; to publish; to

disclose.</def>



<q>Through the court his courtesy was <qex>blown</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>His language does his knowledge <qex>blow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Whiting.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air;

<as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> bubbles; to <ex>blow</ex>

glass.</as></def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To inflate, as with pride; to puff up.</def>



<q>Look how imagination <qex>blows</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To put out of breath; to cause to blow from

fatigue; <as>as, to <ex>blow</ex> a horse</as>.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To deposit eggs or larv\'91 upon, or in (meat,

etc.).</def>



<q>To suffer

The flesh fly <qex>blow</qex> my mouth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To blow great guns</col>, <cd>to blow furiously and with

roaring blasts; -- said of the wind at sea or along the

coast.</cd> -- <col>To blow off</col>, <cd>to empty (a boiler) of

water through the blow-off pipe, while under steam pressure;

also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler.</cd>

-- <col>To blow one's own trumpet</col>, <cd>to vaunt one's own

exploits, or sound one's own praises.</cd> -- <col>To blow

out</col>, <cd>to extinguish by a current of air, as a

candle.</cd> -- <col>To blow up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To fill

with air; to swell; as, to <xex>blow up<xex> a bladder or bubble.

<sd>(b)</sd> To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to

puff up; as, to <xex>blow<xex> one <xex>up<xex> with flattery.

\'bd<xex>Blown up<xex> with high conceits engendering pride.\'b8

<au>Milton</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> To excite; as, to <xex>blow up<xex>

a contention.<sd>(d)</sd> To burst, to raise into the air, or to

scatter, by an explosion; as, to <xex>blow up<xex> a fort.

(<xex>e<xex>) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for

some offense. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<q>I have <qex>blown</qex> him <qex>up</qex> well -- nobody can

say I wink at what he does.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<cs><col>To blow upon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To blast; to taint;

to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or

worthless.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To inform against.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<q>How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers

and <qex>blows upon</qex> a fine passage, may be seen in those

speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the

mouths of schoolboys.</q>

<qau>C. Lamb.</qau>



<q>A lady's maid whose character had been <qex>blown

upon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Blow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; <as>as, a

heavy <ex>blow</ex> came on, and the ship put back to

port</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of forcing air from the mouth, or

through or from some instrument; <as>as, to give a hard

<ex>blow</ex> on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a

<ex>blow</ex> with the bellows.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The spouting of a whale.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A single heat or operation

of the Bessemer converter.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in

flesh, or the act of depositing it.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Blow"ball`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The downy

seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow

away.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blow"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Blow"ess</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prostitute; a

courtesan; a strumpet.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Smart.</au>



<hw>Blow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, blows.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A device for producing a

current of air; as: <sd>(a)</sd> A metal plate temporarily placed

before the upper part of a grate or open fire. <sd>(b)</sd> A

machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by

pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a

building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from

a hole or fissure in a mine.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The whale; -- so called by seamen, from the

circumstance of its spouting up a column of water.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small fish of the

Atlantic coast (<spn>Tetrodon turgidus</spn>); the puffer.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A braggart, or loud talker.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Blow"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of fly of the genus

<xex>Musca</xex> that deposits its eggs or young larv\'91 (called

<xex>flyblows</xex> and <xex>maggots</xex>) upon meat or other

animal products.</def>



<hw>Blow"gun`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tube, as of

cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow

or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath.

It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the

West Indies; -- called also <altname>blowpipe</altname>, and

<altname>blowtube</altname>.  See <er>Sumpitan</er>.</def>



<hw>Blow"hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air

at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each

surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of

a whale or other cetacean.</def>



<note><hand/ There are two spiracles or blowholes in the common

whales, but only one in sperm whales, porpoises, etc.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc.,

come to breathe.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Founding)</fld> <def>An air hole in a

casting.</def>



<hw>Blown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when

gorged with green food which develops gas.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stale; worthless.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Out of breath; tired; exhausted.</def> \'bdTheir

horses much blown.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Covered with the eggs and larv\'91 of flies; fly

blown.</def>



<hw>Blown</hw>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>Opened; in blossom or

having blossomed, as a flower.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blow"-off`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A blowing off steam, water, etc.;</def> -- Also,

<def2><pos>adj.</pos> <def> <as>as, a <ex>blow-off</ex> cock or

pipe</as>.</def></def2>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An outburst of temper or excitement.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Blow"-out`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of

steam.</def>



<hw>Blow"pipe`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the

flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some

object.</def>



<note><hand/ It is called a <xex>mouth blowpipe</xex> when used

with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it

is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common

<xex>mouth blowpipe</xex> is a tapering tube with a very small

orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The

<xex>oxyhydrogen blowpipe</xex>, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is

an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate

reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one

of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat

that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in

vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blowgun; a blowtube.</def>



<cs><col>Blowpipe analysis</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>analysis

by means of the blowpipe.</cd> -- <col>Blowpipe reaction</col>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the characteristic behavior of a

substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blow"point`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A child's

game.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blowse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Blowze</er>.</def>



<hw>Blowth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Blow</er> to blossom: cf. <er>Growth</er>.]</ety> <def>A

blossoming; a bloom.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark> \'bdIn

the <xex>blowth</xex> and bud.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Blow"tube`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A blowgun.</def>



<au>Tylor.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by

boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Glassmaking)</fld> <def>A long wrought iron

tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of

\'bdmetal\'b8 (melted glass), and through which he blows to

expand or shape it; -- called also <altname>blowing

tube</altname>, and <altname>blowpipe</altname>.</def>



<hw>Blow" valve`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Snifting valve</er>.</def>



<hw>Blow"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Windy; <as>as,

<ex>blowy</ex> weather; a <ex>blowy</ex> upland.</as></def>



<hw>Blowze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from the

same root as <ets>blush</ets>.]</ety> <def>A ruddy, fat-faced

woman; a wench.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blowzed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having high

color from exposure to the weather; ruddy-faced; blowzy;

disordered.</def>



<q>Huge women <qex>blowzed</qex> with health and wind.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Blowz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Coarse and

ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.</def>



<hw>Blub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bleb</er>, <er>Blob</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff out,

as with weeping.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Blub"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Blobber</er>, <er>Blob</er>, <er>Bleb</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A bubble.</def>



<q>At his mouth a <qex>blubber</qex> stood of foam.</q>

<qau>Henryson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fat of whales and other large sea animals

from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin

and over the muscular flesh.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large sea nettle or

medusa.</def>



<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blubbered</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Blubbering</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To weep noisily,

or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish

manner.</def>



<q>She wept, she <qex>blubbered</qex>, and she tore her hair.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Blub"ber</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell or

disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears.</def>



<q>Dear Cloe, how <qex>blubbered</qex> is that pretty face!</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words

or cries); -- with <xex>forth</xex> or <xex>out</xex>.</def>



<hw>Blub"bered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>

<def>Swollen; turgid; <as>as, a <ex>blubbered</ex>

lip</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Blub"ber*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of weeping

noisily.</def>



<q>He spake well save that his <qex>blubbering</qex> interrupted

him.</q>

<qau>Winthrop.</qau>



<hw>Blub"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Swollen; protuberant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; <as>as,

a <ex>blubbery</ex> mass</as>.</def>



<hw>Blu"cher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of half

boot, named from the Prussian general

<xex>Bl\'81cher</xex>.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bludg"eon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Ir.

<ets>blocan</ets> a little block, Gael. <ets>plocan</ets> a

mallet, W. <ets>plocyn</ets>, dim. of <ets>ploc</ets> block; or

perh. connected with E. <ets>blow</ets> a stroke. Cf.

<er>Block</er>, <er>Blow</er> a stroke.]</ety> <def>A short

stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the

other, used as an offensive weapon.</def>



<hw>Blue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Bluer</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Bluest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bla</ets>, <ets>blo</ets>, <ets>blew</ets>, blue, Sw.

<ets>bl<?/</ets>, D. <ets>blauw</ets>, OHG. <ets>bl<?/o</ets>, G.

<ets>blau</ets>; but influenced in form by F. <ets>bleu</ets>,

from OHG. <ets>bl\'beo</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the

color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter

or darker; <as>as, the deep, blue sea; as <ex>blue</ex> as a

sapphire; <ex>blue</ex> violets.</as></def> \'bdThe

<xex>blue</xex> firmament.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a

flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the

presence of ghosts or devils; <as>as, the candle burns

<ex>blue</ex>; the air was <ex>blue</ex> with oaths.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Low in spirits; melancholy; <as>as, to feel

<ex>blue</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in

prospect; <as>as, thongs looked <ex>blue</ex></as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; <as>as,

<ex>blue</ex> and sour religionists</as>; suiting one who is over

strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy

mortality; <as>as, <ex>blue</ex> laws</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Literary; -- applied to women; -- an

abbreviation of <xex>bluestocking</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The ladies were very <qex>blue</qex> and well informed.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<cs><col>Blue asbestus</col>. <cd>See <er>Crocidolite</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Blue black</col>, <cd>of, or having, a very dark blue

color, almost black.</cd> -- <col>Blue blood</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Blood</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue buck</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small South African antelope

(<spn>Cephalophus pygm\'91us</spn>); also applied to a larger

species <spn>(\'92goceras leucoph\'91us</spn>); the blaubok.</cd>

-- <col>Blue cod</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the buffalo

cod.</cd> -- <col>Blue crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States

(<spn>Callinectes hastatus</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue curls</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a common plant (<spn>Trichostema

dichotomum</spn>), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also

<altname>bastard pennyroyal</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Blue

devils</col>, <cd>apparitions supposed to be seen by persons

suffering with <xex>delirium tremens<xex>; hence, very low

spirits.</cd>  \'bdCan Gumbo shut the hall door upon <xex>blue

devils<xex>, or lay them all in a red sea of claret?\'b8

<au>Thackeray</au>. -- <col>Blue gage</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Gage</er>, a plum.</cd> -- <col>Blue gum</col>, <cd>an

Australian myrtaceous tree (<spn>Eucalyptus globulus</spn>), of

the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm

temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against

malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine.

The timber is very useful. See <er>Eucalyptus</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Blue jack</col>, <col>Blue stone</col></mcol>,

<cd>blue vitriol; sulphate of copper.</cd> -- <col>Blue

jacket</col>, <cd>a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval

uniform.</cd> -- <col>Blue jaundice</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Jaundice</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue laws</col>, <cd>a name first

used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious

laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven;

hence, any puritanical laws.</cd> <mark>[U. S.]</mark> --

<col>Blue light</col>, <cd>a composition which burns with a

brilliant blue flame; -- used in pyrotechnics and as a night

signal at sea, and in military operations.</cd> -- <col>Blue

mantle</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>one of the four pursuivants

of the English college of arms; -- so called from the color of

his official robes.</cd> -- <col>Blue mass</col>, <cd>a

preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill.</cd>

<au>McElrath</au>. -- <col>Blue mold</col>, <cd>or mould, the

blue fungus (<spn>Aspergillus glaucus</spn>) which grows on

cheese. <au>Brande & C</au>.</cd> -- <col>Blue Monday</col>,

<cd>a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given

to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent).</cd> -- <col>Blue

ointment</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>mercurial ointment.</cd> --

<col>Blue Peter</col> <fld>(British Marine)</fld>, <cd>a blue

flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for

sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of <ets>blue

repeater<ets>, one of the British signal flags.</cd> -- <col>Blue

pill</col>. <fld>(Med.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pill of prepared

mercury, used as an aperient, etc.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Blue

mass.</cd> -- <col>Blue ribbon</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>The ribbon

worn by members of the order of the Garter; -- hence, a member of

that order.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Anything the attainment of

which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a

prize.</cd> \'bdThese [scholarships] were the <au>blue

ribbon</au> of the college.\'b8 <au>Farrar</au>. <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total

abstinence organizations, as of the <au>Blue ribbon</au>

Army.</cd> -- <col>Blue ruin</col>, <cd>utter ruin; also,

gin.</cd> <mark>[Eng. Slang]</mark> <au>Carlyle</au>. --

<col>Blue spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>azure spar; lazulite.

See <er>Lazulite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue thrush</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a European and Asiatic thrush

(<spn>Petrocossyphus cyaneas</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Blue

verditer</col>. <cd>See <er>Verditer</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue

vitriol</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>sulphate of copper, a

violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico

printing, etc.</cd> -- <col>Blue water</col>, <cd>the open

ocean.</cd> -- <col>To look blue</col>, <cd>to look disheartened

or dejected.</cd> -- <col>True blue</col>, <cd>genuine and

thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of

uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by

the Covenanters.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 159 -->



<q>For his religion . . . 

'T was Presbyterian, <qex>true blue</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>Blue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One of

the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves,

when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky,

or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment

having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pedantic woman; a bluestocking.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <pos>pl.</pos> <ety>[Short for <ets>blue

devils</ets>.]</ety> <def>Low spirits; a fit of despondency;

melancholy.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Berlin blue</col>, <cd>Prussian blue.</cd> --

<col>Mineral blue</col>. <cd>See under <er>Mineral</er>.</cd> --

<col>Prussian blue</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Prussian</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blue</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blued</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bluing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make blue; to dye of a blue

color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.</def>



<hw>Blue"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A trout (<spn>Salmo

oquassa</spn>) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>A salmon (<spn>Oncorhynchus nerka</spn>) of the

Columbia River and northward.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>An American

river herring (<spn>Clupea \'91stivalis</spn>), closely allied to

the alewife.</def>



<hw>Blue"beard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hero of

a medi\'91val French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined

his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She

entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. --

Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to

investigate.</def>



<q>The <qex>Bluebeard</qex> chamber of his mind, into which no

eye but his own must look.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<hw>Blue"bell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A plant of the genus <spn>Campanula</spn>,

especially the <spn>Campanula rotundifolia</spn>, which bears

blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

plant of the genus <spn>Scilla</spn> (<spn>Scilla

nutans</spn>).</def>



<hw>Blue"berry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Blaeberry</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The berry of

several species of <spn>Vaccinium</spn>, and ericaceous genus,

differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous

minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are

<spn>V. Pennsylvanicum</spn> and <spn>V. vacillans</spn>. 

<spn>V. corymbosum</spn> is the tall blueberry.</def>



<hw>Blue"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A duck of the genus

<spn>Fuligula</spn>. Two American species (<spn>F. marila</spn>

and <spn>F. affinis</spn>) are common. See <er>Scaup

duck</er>.</def>



<hw>Blue"bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small song bird (<spn>Sialia

sialis</spn>), very common in the United States, and, in the

north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue,

with the breast reddish. It is related to the European

robin.</def>



<cs><col>Pairy bluebird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus

<spn>Irena</spn>, of several species.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Blue" bon`net</hw> or <hw>Blue"-bon`net</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A broad, flat

Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a

Scotchman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant. Same as

<er>Bluebottle</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European blue titmouse

(<spn>Parus c\'d2ruleus</spn>); the bluecap.</def>



<hw>Blue" book`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper

covers.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The United States official \'bdBiennial

Register.\'b8</def>



<hw>Blue"bot`tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn>)

which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue

bottle-shaped flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and troublesome

species of blowfly (<spn>Musca vomitoria</spn>). Its body is

steel blue.</def>



<hw>Blue"breast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small European bird; the

blue-throated warbler.</def>



<hw>Blue"cap`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The bluepoll.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a

blue bonnet.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blue"coat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One dressed

in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.</def>



<hw>Blue"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-cheeked honeysucker of

Australia.</def>



<hw>Blue"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having blue

eyes.</def>



<hw>Blue-eyed grass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>a

grasslike plant (<spn>Sisyrinchium anceps</spn>), with small

flowers of a delicate blue color.</def>



<hw>Blue"fin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of whitefish (<spn>Coregonus

nigripinnis</spn>) found in Lake Michigan.</def>



<hw>Blue"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A large voracious fish

(<spn>Pomatomus saitatrix</spn>), of the family

<spn>Carangid\'91</spn>, valued as a food fish, and widely

distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode

Island coast it is called the <altname>horse mackerel</altname>,

in Virginia <altname>saltwater tailor</altname>, or

<altname>skipjack</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Platyglossus

radiatus</spn>), of the family <spn>Labrid\'91</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is applied locally to other species of

fishes; as the cunner, sea bass, squeteague, etc.</note>



<hw>Blue"gown`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of a

class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland,

to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain

alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.</def>



<hw>Blue" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

species of grass (<spn>Poa compressa</spn>) with bluish green

stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass.</def>



<cs><col>Kentucky blue grass</col>, <cd>a species of grass

(<spn>Poa pratensis</spn>) which has running rootstocks and

spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures

both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very

nutritious.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blue" jay`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

common jay of the United States (<spn>Cyanocitta, or Cyanura,

cristata</spn>). The predominant color is bright blue.</def>



<hw>Blue"-john`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A name

given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for

ornamental purposes.</def>



<hw>Blue"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a blue color.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Blue"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being blue;

a blue color.</def>



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Blue"nose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nickname

for a Nova Scotian.</def>



<hw>Blue"poll`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Blue</ets> + <ets>poll</ets> head.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of salmon (<spn>Salmo

Cambricus</spn>) found in Wales.</def>



<hw>Blue"print</hw>. <def>See under <er>Print</er>.</def>



<hw>Blue"stock`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A literary lady; a female pedant.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<note><hand/ As explained in Boswell's \'bdLife of Dr.

Johnson\'b8, this term is derived from the name given to certain

meetings held by ladies, in Johnson's time, for conversation with

distinguished literary men. An eminent attendant of these

assemblies was a Mr. Stillingfleet, who always wore <xex>blue

stockings</xex>. He was so much distinguished for his

conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be

a great loss, so that the remark became common, \'bdWe can do

nothing without the <xex>blue stockings</xex>.\'b8 Hence these

meetings were sportively called <xex>bluestocking clubs</xex>,

and the ladies who attended them,

<xex>bluestockings</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American avocet

(<spn>Recurvirostra Americana</spn>).</def>



<hw>Blue"stock`ing*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Blue"stone`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Blue vitriol.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly

used in the eastern United States.</def>



<hw>Blue"throat`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A singing bird of northern Europe and

Asia (<spn>Cyanecula Suecica</spn>), related to the nightingales;

-- called also <altname>blue-throated robin</altname> and

<altname>blue-throated warbler</altname>.</def>



<hw>Blu"ets</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bluet</ets>, <ets>bleuet</ets>, dim. of <ets>bleu</ets>

blue. See <er>Blue</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A name given to several different species of plants having

blue flowers, as the <spn>Houstonia c\'d2rulea</spn>, the

<spn>Centaurea cyanus</spn> or bluebottle, and the <spn>Vaccinium

angustifolium</spn>.</def>



<hw>Blue"-veined`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

blue veins or blue streaks.</def>



<hw>Blue"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The blue-winged teal. See

<er>Teal</er>.</def>



<hw>Blue"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>,<pos>a.</pos>Bluish.</def>



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Bluff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OD.

<ets>blaf</ets> flat, broad, <ets>blaffaert</ets> one with a

broad face, also, a boaster; or G. <ets>verbl\'81ffen</ets> to

confuse, LG. <ets>bluffen</ets> to frighten; to unknown

origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a broad, flattened front;

<as>as, the <ex>bluff</ex> bows of a ship</as>.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bluff</xex> visages.\'b8



<au>Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rising steeply with a flat or rounded

front.</def> \'bdA <xex>bluff</xex> or bold shore.\'b8



<au>Falconer.</au>



<q>Its banks, if not really steep, had a <qex>bluff</qex> and

precipitous aspect.</q>

<qau>Judd.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Surly; churlish; gruff; rough.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt;

brusque; <as>as, a <ex>bluff</ex> answer; a <ex>bluff</ex> manner

of talking; a <ex>bluff</ex> sea captain.</as></def>

\'bd<xex>Bluff</xex> King Hal.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>There is indeed a <qex>bluff</qex> pertinacity which is a

proper defense in a moment of surprise.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Bluff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A high, steep

bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a

cliff with a broad face.</def>



<q>Beach, <qex>bluff</qex>, and wave, adieu.</q>

<qau>Whittier.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An act of bluffing; an expression of

self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio;

<as>as, that is only <ex>bluff</ex>, or a

<ex>bluff</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A game at cards; poker.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bluff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bluffed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bluffing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Poker)</fld> <def>To deter (an opponent) from taking the

risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by

betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less

value.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To frighten or deter from accomplishing a

purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or

resources; <as>as, he <ex>bluffed</ex> me off</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bluff</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act as in the game of

bluff.</def>



<hw>Bluff"-bowed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up

and down.</def>



<hw>Bluff"er</hw>, <pr>(<?/)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bluffs.</def>



<hw>Bluff"-head`ed</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Built with the stem nearly straight up

and down.</def>



<hw>Bluff"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being bluff.</def>



<hw>Bluff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclined to bo bluff; brusque.</def>



<hw>Blu"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act of rendering blue; <as>as, the <ex>bluing</ex> of

steel</as>.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or

preparations used by washerwomen.</def>



<hw>Blu"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat blue;

<as>as, <ex>bluish</ex> veins</as>.</def>  \'bd<xex>Bluish</xex>

mists.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. -- <wordforms><wf>Blu"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Blu"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blun"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blundered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blundering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>blunderen</ets>,

<ets>blondren</ets>, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to

<ets>blend</ets> to mix, to confound by mixture.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a gross error or mistake; <as>as, to

<ex>blunder</ex> in writing or preparing a medical

prescription</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to

flounder and stumble.</def>



<q>I was never distinguished for address, and have often even

<qex>blundered</qex> in making my bow.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place,

And <qex>blunders</qex> on, and staggers every pace.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>To blunder on</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To continue

blundering. <sd>(b)</sd> To find or reach as if by an accident

involving more or less stupidity, -- applied to something

desirable; as, to <xex>blunder on<xex> a useful

discovery.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to

blunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>  \'bdTo <xex>blunder</xex> an

adversary.\'b8



<au>Ditton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do or treat in a blundering manner; to

confuse.</def>



<q>He <qex>blunders</qex> and confounds all these together.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<hw>Blun"der</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Confusion;

disturbance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gross error or mistake, resulting from

carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Blunder</er>, <er>Error</er>, <er>Mistake</er>,

<er>Bull</er>.</syn> <usage> An <xex>error</xex> is a departure

or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an

<xex>error</xex> of the press; an <xex>error</xex> of judgment. A

<xex>mistake</xex> is the interchange or taking of one thing for

another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless

<xex>mistake</xex>.  A <xex>blunder</xex> is a mistake or error

of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his

course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A

<xex>bull</xex> is a verbal blunder containing a laughable

incongruity of ideas.</usage>



<hw>Blun"der*buss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Either

fr. <ets>blunder</ets> + D. <ets>bus</ets> tube, box, akin to G.

<ets>b\'81chse</ets> box, gun, E. <ets>box</ets>; or corrupted

fr. D. <ets>donderbus</ets> (literally) thunder box, gun,

musket.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short gun or firearm, with a

large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to

do execution without exact aim.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stupid, blundering fellow.</def>



<hw>Blun"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who is

apt to blunder.</def>



<hw>Blun"der*head`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Blunder + head.]</mark> <def>A stupid, blundering

fellow.</def>



<hw>Blun"der*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by

blunders.</def>



<hw>Blun"der*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blundering

manner.</def>



<hw>Blunge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To amalgamate

and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay.</def>



<hw>Blun"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupted

from <ets>plunger</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden blade with a cross

handle, used for mi<?/ing the clay in potteries; a plunger.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<hw>Blun"ging</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process

of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<hw>Blunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.  Prov. G.

<ets>bludde</ets> a dull or blunt knife, Dan. <ets>blunde</ets>

to sleep, Sw. & Icel. <ets>blunda</ets>; or perh. akin to E.

<ets>blind</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a thick edge or

point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.</def>



<q>The murderous knife was dull and <qex>blunt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dull in understanding; slow of discernment;

stupid; -- opposed to <xex>acute</xex>.</def>



<q>His wits are not so <qex>blunt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting

the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.</def> 

\'bdHiding his bitter jests in <xex>blunt</xex> behavior.\'b8 

\'bdA plain, <xex>blunt</xex> man.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Hard to impress or penetrate.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>I find my heart hardened and <qex>blunt</qex> to new

impressions.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Blunt</xex> is much used in composition, as

<xex>blunt-</xex>edged, <xex>blunt-</xex>sighted,

<xex>blunt-</xex>spoken.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude;

brusque; impolite; uncivil.</syn>



<hw>Blunt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Blunted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blunting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To dull the edge

or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire,

or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or

susceptibility, of; <as>as, to <ex>blunt</ex> the

feelings</as>.</def>



<hw>Blunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fencer's

foil.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A short needle with a strong point. See

<er>Needle</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Money.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Beaconsfield.</au>



<hw>Blunt"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat blunt.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Blunt"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Blunt"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blunt manner;

coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms

of civility.</def>



<q>Sometimes after <qex>bluntly</qex> giving his opinions, he

would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their

deliberations.</q>

<qau>Jeffrey.</qau>



<hw>Blunt"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Want of edge

or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.</def>



<q>The multitude of elements and <qex>bluntness</qex> of

angles.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bruptness of address; rude plainness.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bluntness</xex> of speech.\'b8



<au>Boyle.</au>



<hw>Blunt"-wit`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Dull;

stupid.</def>



<q><qex>Blunt-witted</qex> lord, ignoble in demeanor!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blurred</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blurring</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. of same origin as

<ets>blear</ets>. See <er>Blear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and

uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and

confused; <as>as, to <ex>blur</ex> manuscript by handling it

while damp; to <ex>blur</ex> the impression of a woodcut by an

excess of ink.</as></def>



<q>But time hath nothing <qex>blurred</qex> those lines of favor

Which then he wore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to

darken.</def>



<q>Her eyes are <qex>blurred</qex> with the lightning's

glare.</q>

<qau>J. R. Drake.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sully; to stain; to blemish, as

reputation.</def>



<q>Sarcasms may eclipse thine own,

But can not <qex>blur</qex> my lost renown.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.</syn>



<-- p. 160 -->



<-- p. 160 -->



<hw>Blur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That

which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper

or other substance.</def>



<q>As for those who cleanse <qex>blurs</qex> with blotted

fingers, they make it worse.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of

vision; <as>as, to see things with a <ex>blur</ex>; it was all

<ex>blur</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A moral stain or blot.</def>



<q>Lest she . . . will with her railing set a great

<qex>blur</qex> on mine honesty and good name.</q>

<qau>Udall.</qau>



<hw>Blur"ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of blurs;

blurred.</def>



<hw>Blurt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blurted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Blurting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Blare</er>.]</ety> <def>To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to

divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; -- commonly with

<xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>Others . . . can not hold, but <qex>blurt</qex> out, those

words which afterward they forced to eat.</q>

<qau>Hakewill.</qau>



<cs><col>To blurt at</col>, <cd>to speak contemptuously of.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Blush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blushed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bluschen</ets> to

shine, look, turn red, AS. <ets>blyscan</ets> to glow; akin to

<ets>blysa</ets> a torch, <ets>\'bebl<?/sian</ets> to blush, D.

<ets>blozen</ets>, Dan. <ets>blusse</ets> to blaze, blush.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as

from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from

such cause, as the cheeks or face.</def>



<q>To the nuptial bower

I led her <qex>blushing</qex> like the morn.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young

offender is ashamed to <qex>blush</qex>.</q>

<qau>Buckminster.</qau>



<q>He would stroke

The head of modest and ingenuous worth,

That <qex>blushed</qex> at its own praise.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To grow red; to have a red or rosy color.</def>



<q>The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set,

But stayed, and made the western welkin <qex>blush</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses

and other flowers.</def>



<q>Full many a flower is born to <qex>blush</qex> unseen.</q>

<qau>T. Gray.</qau>



<hw>Blush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To suffuse with

a blush; to redden; to make roseate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To <qex>blush</qex> and beautify the cheek again.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To express or make known by blushing.</def>



<q>I'll <qex>blush</qex> you thanks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Blush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A suffusion of the

cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or

modesty.</def>



<q>The rosy <qex>blush</qex> of love.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A red or reddish color; a rosy tint.</def>



<q>Light's last <qex>blushes</qex> tinged the distant hills.</q>

<qau>Lyttleton.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>At first blush</col>, or <col>At the first

blush</col></mcol>, <cd>at the first appearance or view.</cd>

\'bd<xex>At the first blush<xex>, we thought they had been ships

come from France.\'b8 <au>Hakluyt</au>. <note>This phrase is used

now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things.

\'bdAll purely identical propositions, obviously, and <xex>at

first blush<xex>, appear.\'b8 etc. <au>Locke</au>.</note> --

<col>To put to the blush</col>, <cd>to cause to blush with shame;

to put to shame.</cd></cs>



<hw>Blush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

blushes.</def>



<hw>Blush"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A modest

girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Blush"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

blushes.</def>



<q>While from his ardent look the turning Spring

Averts her <qex>blushful</qex> face.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Showing blushes; rosy red;

having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other

flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate.</def>



<q>The dappled pink and <qex>blushing</qex> rose.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Blush"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of turning red;

the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks.</def>



<hw>Blush"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blushing manner;

with a blush or blushes; <as>as, to answer or confess

blushingly</as>.</def>



<hw>Blush"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from blushes;

incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent.</def>



<q>Vice now, secure, her <qex>blushless</qex> front shall

raise.</q>

<qau>Dodsley.</qau>



<hw>Blush"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a blush;

having the color of a blush; rosy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA

<xex>blushy</xex> color.\'b8



<au>Harvey.</au>



<hw>Blus"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Blustered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Blustering</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Allied to

<ets>blast</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as

wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather.</def>



<q>And ever-threatening storms

Of Chaos <qex>blustering</qex> round.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a

turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way;

to play the bully; to storm; to rage.</def>



<q>Your ministerial directors <qex>blustered</qex> like tragic

tyrants.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To utter, or do, with

noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully.</def>



<q>He bloweth and <qex>blustereth</qex> out . . . his abominable

blasphemy.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<q>As if therewith he meant to <qex>bluster</qex> all princes

into a perfect obedience to his commands.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>Blus"ter</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fitful noise

and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness.</def>



<q>To the winds they set

Their corners, when with <qex>bluster</qex> to confound

Sea, air, and shore.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and

boastful language.</def>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence;

confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.</syn>



<hw>Blus"ter*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer.</def>



<hw>Blus"ter*ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Exhibiting

noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous.</def>



<q>A tempest and a <qex>blustering</qex> day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering;

boisterous.</def> \'bdA <xex>blustering</xex> fellow.\'b8



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Blus"ter*ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a blustering

manner.</def>



<hw>Blus"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined

to bluster; given to blustering; blustering.</def>



<au>Motley.</au>



<hw>Blus"trous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Blusterous.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>bw</ets>, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n.,

terror, fear, dread.]</ety> <def>An exclamation used to startle

or frighten.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also <asp>boh</asp> and

<asp>boo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boas</plw> </plu>. <ety>[L. <ets>boa</ets> a kind of water

serpent. Perh. fr. <ets>bos</ets> an ox.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large American serpents,

including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (<spn>B.

imperator</spn>), and the chevalier boa of Peru (<spn>B.

eques</spn>).</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to related genera; as, the

<xex>dog-headed boa</xex> (<spn>Xiphosoma caninum</spn>).</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its

resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor.</def>



<hw>Bo"a con*strict"or</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[NL. See

<er>Boa</er>, and <er>Constrictor</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large and powerful serpent of

tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<note><hand/ It has a succession of spots, alternately black and

yellow, extending along the back. It kills its prey by

constriction. The name is also loosely applied to other large

serpents which crush their prey, particularly to those of the

genus Python, found in Asia and Africa.</note>



<hw>\'d8Bo`a*ner"ges</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

fr. Heb. <ets>bn<?/ hargem</ets> sons of thunder. -- an

appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and

John). See <ets>Mark</ets> iii. 17.]</ety> <def>Any declamatory

and vociferous preacher or orator.</def>



<hw>Boar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bar</ets>, <ets>bor</ets>, <ets>bore</ets>, AS.

<ets>b\'ber</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>p<?/r</ets>, MHG.

<ets>b<?/r</ets>, G. <ets>b\'84r</ets>, boar (but not

<ets>b\'84r</ets> bear), and perh. Russ. <ets>borov'</ets>

boar.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The uncastrated male of

swine; specifically, the wild hog.</def>



<hw>Board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bord</ets>, AS. <ets>bord</ets> board, shipboard; akin to

<ets>bred</ets> plank, Icel. <ets>bor<?/</ets> board, side of a

ship, Goth. f<?/tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. <ets>bord</ets> board,

G. <ets>brett</ets>, <ets>bort</ets>. See def. 8.

<root/92.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A piece of timber sawed thin,

and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the

thickness, -- used for building, etc.</def>



<note><hand/ When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two

inches, it is usually called a <xex>plank</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A table to put food upon.</def>



<note><hand/ The term <xex>board</xex> answers to the modern

<xex>table</xex>, but it was often movable, and placed on

trestles.</note>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<q>Fruit of all kinds . . . 

She gathers, tribute large, and on the <qex>board</qex>

Heaps with unsparing hand.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated

meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay;

<as>as, to work for one's <ex>board</ex>; the price of

<ex>board</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A table at which a council or court is held.

Hence:  A council, convened for business, or any authorized

assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons

appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or

direction of some public or private business or trust; <as>as,

the <ex>Board</ex> of Admiralty; a <ex>board</ex> of trade; a

<ex>board</ex> of directors, trustees, commissioners,

etc.</as></def>



<q>Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat

then at that <qex>board</qex>.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>We may judge from their letters to the <qex>board</qex>.</q>

<qau>Porteus.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other

material used for some special purpose, <as>as, a molding

<ex>board</ex>; a board or surface painted or arranged for a

game; <as>as, a chess<ex>board</ex></as>; a backgammon

<ex>board</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for

book covers, etc.; pasteboard; <as>as, to bind a book in

boards</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The stage in a theater; <as>as,

to go upon the <ex>boards</ex>, to enter upon the theatrical

profession</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <ety>[In this use originally perh. a different word

meaning <ets>border</ets>, <ets>margin</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>boord</ets>, G. <ets>bord</ets>, shipboard, and G.

<ets>borte</ets> trimming; also F. <ets>bord</ets> (fr. G.) the

side of a ship. Cf. <er>Border</er>.]</ety> <def>The border or

side of anything.</def> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

side of a ship.</def> \'bdNow <xex>board</xex> to

<xex>board</xex> the rival vessels row.\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. See

<cref>On board</cref>, below. <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The stretch which

a ship makes in one tack.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Board</xex> is much used adjectively or as the

last part of a compound; as, fir <xex>board</xex>,

clap<xex>board</xex>, floor <xex>board</xex>,

ship<xex>board</xex>, side<xex>board</xex>, ironing

<xex>board</xex>, chess<xex>board</xex>, card<xex>board</xex>,

paste<xex>board</xex>, sea<xex>board</xex>; <xex>board</xex>

measure.</note>



<cs><col>The American Board</col>, <cd>a shortened form of

\'bdThe American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions\'b8

(the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational

churches).</cd> -- <col>Bed and board</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bed</er>.</cd> -- <col>Board and board</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>side by side.</cd> -- <col>Board of

control</col>, <cd>six privy councilors formerly appointed to

superintend the affairs of the British East Indies.</cd>

<au>Stormonth</au>. -- <col>Board rule</col>, <cd>a figured scale

for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a

board.</cd> <au>Haldeman</au>. -- <col>Board of trade</col>,

<cd>in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to

superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a

body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their

business interests; a chamber of commerce.</cd> -- <col>Board

wages</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Food and lodging supplied as

compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only

<xex>board wages<xex>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Money wages which

are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd>

<cd>A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement

of food, or food and lodging.</cd> <au>Dryden</au>. -- <col>By

the board</col>, <cd>over the <xex>board</xex>, or side.</cd>

\'bdThe mast went <xex>by the board</xex>.\'b8 <au>Totten</au>.

Hence (Fig.), <col>To go by the board</col></mcol>, <cd>to suffer

complete destruction or overthrow.</cd> -- <col>To enter on the

boards</col>, <cd>to have one's name inscribed on a board or

tablet in a college as a student.</cd> <mark>[Cambridge,

England.]</mark> \'bdHaving been <xex>entered on the boards<xex>

of Trinity college.\'b8 <au>Hallam</au>. -- <col>To make a good

board</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to sail in a straight line

when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward.</cd> -- <col>To

make short boards</col>, <cd>to tack frequently.</cd> -- <col>On

board</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>On shipboard; in a ship or a boat;

on board of; as, I came <xex>on board</xex> early; to be <xex>on

board</xex> ship.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>In or into a railway car

or train.</cd> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark> -- <col>Returning

board</col>, <cd>a board empowered to canvass and make an

official statement of the votes cast at an election.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Board</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Boarded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Boarding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover with

boards or boarding; <as>as, to board a house</as>.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>boarded</xex> hovel.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Board</er> to accost, and see

<er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To go on board of, or

enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way.</def>



<q>You <qex>board</qex> an enemy to capture her, and a stranger

to receive news or make a communication.</q>

<qau>Totten.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To enter, as a railway car.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

U. S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and

lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To place at board, for compensation; <as>as, to

<ex>board</ex> one's horse at a livery stable</as>.</def>



<hw>Board</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To obtain

meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; <as>as,

he <ex>boards</ex> at the hotel</as>.</def>



<q>We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who

<qex>board</qex> in the same house.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Board</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>aborder</ets>. See

<er>Abord</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>To approach; to

accost; to address; hence, to woo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I will <qex>board</qex> her, though she chide as loud

As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Board"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>That can be

boarded, as a ship.</def>



<hw>Board"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and

lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any

kind.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who boards a ship; one

selected to board an enemy's ship.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Board"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a

friendly purpose.</def>



<q>Both slain at one time, as they attempted the

<qex>boarding</qex> of a frigate.</q>

<qau>Sir F. Drake.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of covering with boards; also, boards,

collectively; or a covering made of boards.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act of supplying, or the state of being

supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and

lodgings, for pay.</def>



<cs><col>Boarding house</col>, <cd>a house in which boarders are

kept.</cd> -- <col>Boarding nettings</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a

ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it.</cd> -- <col>Boarding

pike</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a pike used by sailors in

boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it.

<xex>Totten<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Boarding school</col>, <cd>a

school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as

instruction.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boar"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A Mediterranean fish

(<spn>Capros aper</spn>), of the family <spn>Caproid\'91</spn>;

-- so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's

snout.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>An Australian percoid fish

(<spn>Histiopterus recurvirostris</spn>), valued as a food

fish.</def>



<hw>Boar"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swinish; brutal;

cruel.</def>



<q>In his anointed flesh stick <qex>boarish</qex> fangs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Boast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boasted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Boasting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bosten</ets>, <ets>boosten</ets>, v., <ets>bost</ets>,

<ets>boost</ets>, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. <ets>bausen</ets>,

<ets>bauschen</ets>, to swell, <ets>pusten</ets>, Dan.

<ets>puste</ets>, Sw. <ets>pusta</ets>, to blow, Sw.

<ets>p\'94sa</ets> to swell; or W. <ets>bostio</ets> to boast,

<ets>bost</ets> boast, Gael. <ets>bosd</ets>. But these last may

be from English.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To vaunt one's self; to

brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a

high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self;

<as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> of one's exploits courage, descent,

wealth</as>.</def>



<q>By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of

yourselves: .. not of works, lest any man should

<qex>boast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Eph. ii. 8, 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To speak in exulting language of another; to

glory; to exult.</def>



<q>In God we <qex>boast</qex> all the day long.</q>

<qau>Ps. xiiv. 8</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.</syn>



<hw>Boast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To display in

ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or

exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.</def>



<q>Lest bad men should <qex>boast</qex>

Their specious deeds.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To display vaingloriously.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To possess or have; <as>as, to <ex>boast</ex> a

name</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To boast one's self</col>, <cd>to speak with unbecoming

confidence in, and approval of, one's self; -- followed by

<xex>of<xex> and the thing to which the boasting relates.

<mark>[Archaic]</mark></cd></cs>



<q><qex>Boast</qex> not <qex>thyself</qex> of to-morrow.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxvii.<?/</qau>



<hw>Boast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain

etymology.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To dress,

as a stone, with a broad chisel.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Sculp.)</fld> <def>To shape roughly as a

preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general

form required.</def>



<hw>Boast</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Act of boasting;

vaunting or bragging.</def>



<q>Reason and morals? and where live they most,

In Christian comfort, or in Stoic <qex>boast</qex>!</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or

exultation, -- sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.</def>



<q>The <qex>boast</qex> of historians.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Boast"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Boast"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

boasts; a braggart.</def>



<hw>Boast"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stone mason's broad-faced

chisel.</def>



<hw>Boast"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Given to, or

full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious;

self-praising.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boast"ful*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Boast"ful*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Boast"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of glorying or

vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display.</def>



<q>When <qex>boasting</qex> ends, then dignity begins.</q>

<qau>Young.</qau>



<hw>Boast"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Boastfully; with

boasting.</def> \'bdHe <xex>boastingly</xex> tells you.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Boast"ive</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Presumptuous.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Boast"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without boasting or

ostentation.</def>



<hw>Boat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boot</ets>, <ets>bat</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'bet</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>b\'betr</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86t</ets>, Dan.

<ets>baad</ets>, D.& G. <ets>boot</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bateau</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small open vessel, or water craft, usually

moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail.</def>



<note><hand/ Different kinds of boats have different names; as,

<xex>canoe</xex>, <xex>yawl</xex>, <xex>wherry</xex>,

<xex>pinnace</xex>, <xex>punt</xex>, etc.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet

descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; <as>as, pilot

<ex>boat</ex>, packet <ex>boat</ex>, passage <ex>boat</ex>,

advice <ex>boat</ex>, etc.</as>  The term is sometimes applied to

steam vessels, even of the largest class; <as>as, the Cunard

<ex>boats</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling

a boat in shape; <as>as, a stone <ex>boat</ex>; a gravy

<ex>boat</ex>.</as></def>



<-- p. 161 -->



<note><hand/ <xex>Boat</xex> is much used either adjectively or

in combination; as, <xex>boat</xex> builder or

<xex>boat</xex>builder; <xex>boat</xex> building or

<xex>boat</xex>building; <xex>boat</xex> hook or

<xex>boat</xex>hook; <xex>boat</xex>house; <xex>boat</xex> keeper

or <xex>boat</xex>keeper; <xex>boat</xex> load; <xex>boat</xex>

race; <xex>boat</xex> racing; <xex>boat</xex> rowing;

<xex>boat</xex> song; <xex>boat</xex>like;

<xex>boat</xex>-shaped.</note>



<cs><col>Advice boat</col>. <cd>See under <er>Advice</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Boat hook</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>an iron hook with

a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a

boat, raft, log, etc.</cd> <au>Totten</au>. -- <col>Boat

rope</col>, <cd>a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a

<altname>painter</altname>.</cd> -- <col>In the same boat</col>,

<cd>in the same situation or predicament.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>F. W. Newman.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Boat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boated</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Boating</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

transport in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex> goods</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To place in a boat; <as>as, to <ex>boat</ex>

oars</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To boat the oars</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Oar</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boat</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To go or row in a

boat.</def>



<q>I <qex>boated</qex> over, ran my craft aground.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Boat"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Such as can be transported in a boat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Navigable for boats, or small river craft.</def>



<q>The <qex>boatable</qex> waters of the Alleghany.</q>

<qau>J. Morse.</qau>



<hw>Boat"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Conveyance by

boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.</def>



<hw>Boat"bill`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wading bird

(<spn>Cancroma cochlearia</spn>) of the tropical parts of South

America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel

uppermost.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A perching bird of India, of the genus

<spn>Eurylaimus</spm>.</def>



<hw>Boat" bug`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus <spn>Notonecta</spn>; --

so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the

appearance of a little boat. Called also <altname>boat

fly</altname>, <altname>boat insect</altname>,

<altname>boatman</altname>, and <altname>water

boatman</altname>.</def>



<hw>Boat"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boatfuls</plw>.</plu> <def>The quantity or amount that fills

a boat.</def>



<hw>Boat"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house for

sheltering boats.</def>



<q>Half the latticed <qex>boathouse</qex> hides.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Boat"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in

boats.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by

laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to

perish.</def>



<hw>Bo*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>boatus</ets>, fr. <ets>boare</ets> to roar.]</ety> <def>A

crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in

long <qex>boations</qex>.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<hw>Boat"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boatmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A man

who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.</def>



<q>As late the <qex>boatman</qex> hies him home.</q>

<qau>Percival.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A boat bug. See <er>Boat

bug</er>.</def>



<hw>Boat"man*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of managing a

boat.</def>



<hw>Boat"-shaped`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cymbiform</er>.</def>



<hw>Boat" shell`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine gastropod of the genus

<spn>Crepidula</spn>. The species are numerous. It is so named

from its form and interior deck.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A marine

univalve shell of the genus <spn>Cymba</spn>.</def>



<hw>Boats"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

boatman.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Boat"swain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boat</ets> + <ets>swain</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An officer who has charge of the boats,

sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a

ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other

duties.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The jager

gull.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The tropic bird.</def>



<cs><col>Boatswain's mate</col>, <cd>an assistant of the

boatswain.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Boat"-tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large grackle or blackbird

(<spn>Quiscalus major</spn>), found in the Southern United

States.</def>



<hw>Boat"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boatwomen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A woman who

manages a boat.</def>



<hw>Bob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[An onomatopoetic

word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. <ets>bob</ets> bunch,

<ets>bobben</ets> to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng.

<ets>bob</ets>, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick,

taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF.

<ets>bober</ets> to mock.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything that

hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at

the end of a string; a pendant; <as>as, the <ex>bob</ex> at the

end of a kite's tail</as>.</def>



<q>In jewels dressed and at each ear a <qex>bob</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used

in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for

bait.</def>



<q>Or yellow <qex>bobs</qex>, turned up before the plow,

Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow.</q>

<qau>Lauson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small piece of cork or light wood attached to

a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the

ball or weight at the end of a plumb line.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded

edges, used in polishing spoons, etc.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; <as>as,

a <ex>bob</ex> of the head</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Steam Engine)</fld> <def>A working beam.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob

wig.</def>



<q>A plain brown <qex>bob</qex> he wore.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A peculiar mode of ringing changes on

bells.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The refrain of a song.</def>



<q>To bed, to bed, will be the <qex>bob</qex> of the song.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the

fist.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a

trick.</def>



<q>He that a fool doth very wisely hit,

Doth very foolishly, although he smart,

Not to seem senseless of the <qex>bob</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>A shilling.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Bobbed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bobbing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bobben</ets>. See <er>Bob</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to

move (a thing) with a bob.</def> \'bdHe <xex>bobbed</xex> his

head.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike with a quick, light blow; to

tap.</def>



<q>If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was

suddenly <qex>bobbed</qex> on the face by the servants.</q>

<qau>Elyot.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to

filch.</def>



<q>Gold and jewels that I <qex>bobbed</qex> from him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mock or delude; to cheat.</def>



<q>To play her pranks, and <qex>bob</qex> the fool,

The shrewish wife began.</q>

<qau>Turbervile.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cut short; <as>as, to <ex>bob</ex> the hair,

or a horse's tail</as>.</def>



<hw>Bob</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To have a short,

jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play

loosely against anything.</def> \'bd<xex>Bobbing</xex> and

courtesying.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To angle with a bob. See <er>Bob</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2 & 3.</def>



<q>He ne'er had learned the art to <qex>bob</qex>

For anything but eels.</q>

<qau>Saxe.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To bob at an apple</col>, <col>cherry</col>,

etc.</mcol> <cd>to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an

apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a

string or floating in a tug of water.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bo"bac</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Poland marmot (<spn>Arctomys

bobac</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bo*bance"</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bobance</ets>, F. <ets>bombance</ets>, boasting, pageantry,

fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming, buzzing.]</ety> <def>A

boasting.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bob"ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, bobs.</def>



<hw>Bob"ber*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. an

Anglo-Indian form of Hindi <ets>b\'bep re</ets> O thou father! (a

very disrespectful address).]</ety> <def>A squabble; a tumult; a

noisy disturbance; <as>as, to raise a

<ex>bobbery</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bob"bin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bobine</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. L. <ets>bombus</ets>

a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael.

<ets>baban</ets> tassel, or E. <ets>bob</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most

commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread

is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread

at a slight tension.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A spool or reel of various material and

construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with

a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a

spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in

spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of

a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Haberdashery)</fld> <def>A fine cord or narrow

braid.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A cylindrical or spool-shaped

coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron

which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an

electrical current.</def>



<cs><col>Bobbin and fly frame</col>, <cd>a roving machine.</cd>

-- <col>Bobbin lace</col>, <cd>lace made on a pillow with

bobbins; pillow lace.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bob`bi*net"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bobbin</ets> + <ets>net</ets>.]</ety> <def>A kind of

cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand./def>

<altsp>[Sometimes written <asp>bobbin net</asp>.]</altsp><



<q>The English machine-made net is now confined to point net,

warp net, and <qex>bobbin net</qex>, so called from the peculiar

construction of the machines by which they are produced.</q>

<qau>Tomlinsom.</qau>



<hw>Bob"bin*work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work

woven with bobbins.</def>



<hw>Bob"bish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hearty; in

good spirits.</def> <mark>[Low, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bob"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A nickname for a

policeman; -- from Sir <xex>Robert</xex> Peel, who remodeled the

police force. See Peeler.</def> <mark>[Slang, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bob"-cher`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A play

among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the

mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.</def>



<hw>Bob"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Fishing)</fld> <def>The fly at the end of the leader; an

end fly.</def>



<hw>Bob"o*link`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An American singing bird

(<spn>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</spn>). The male is black and white;

the female is brown; -- called also, <altname>ricebird</altname>,

<altname>reedbird</altname>, and

<altname>Boblincoln</altname>.</def>



<q>The happiest bird of our spring is the

<qex>bobolink</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bob"sled`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bob"sleigh`</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A short sled, mostly

used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the

compound sled so formed.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<q>The long wagon body set on <qex>bobsleds</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. D. Howells.</qau>



<hw>Bob"stay`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>stay</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward

to the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the <pos>pl.</pos></def>



<hw>Bob"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bob</ets> + <ets>tail</ets>.]</ety> <def>An animal (as

a horse or dog) with a short tail.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Rag</col>, <col>tag</col>, <col>and

bobtail</col></mcol>, <cd>the rabble.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bob"tail`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bobtailed.</def>

\'bd<xex>Bobtail</xex> cur.\'b8



<au>Marryat.</au>



<hw>Bob"tailed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; <as>as, a

<ex>bobtailed</ex> horse or dog; a <ex>bobtailed</ex>

coat.</as></def>



<hw>Bob"white`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common qua<?/ of North America

<spn>(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus)</spn>; -- so called from

its note.</def>



<hw>Bob" wig`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A short wig with bobs or

short curls; -- called also <altname>bobtail wig</altname>.</def>



<au>Spectator.</au>



<hw>Bo"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short

neck.</def>



<hw>Bo*car"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A mnemonic

word.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Logic)</fld> <def>A form of

syllogism of which the first and third propositions are

particular negatives, and the middle term a universal

affirmative.</def>



<q>Baroko and <qex>Bocardo</qex> have been stumbling blocks to

the logicians.</q>

<qau>Bowen.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A prison; -- originally the name of the old

north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<au>Latimer.</au>



<hw>Boc"a*sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bocassin</ets>, <ets>boucassin</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of

fine buckram.</def>



<hw>\'d8Boc"ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

mouth.]</ety> <def>The round hole in the furnace of a glass

manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out.</def>



<au>Craig.</au>



<hw>Boce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>box</ets>, <ets>bocis</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>,

<ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European fish

(<spn>Box vulgaris</spn>), having a compressed body and bright

colors; -- called also <altname>box</altname>, and

<altname>bogue</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bock" beer`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <ety>[G.

<ets>bockbier</ets>; <ets>bock</ets> a buck + <ets>bier</ets>

beer; -- said to be so named from its tendency to cause the

drinker to caper like a goat.]</ety> <def>A strong beer,

originally made in Bavaria.</def> <altsp>[Also written <asp>buck

beer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bock"e*let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called

also <altname>bockerel</altname>, and

<altname>bockeret</altname>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bock"ey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bokaal</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bowl or vessel made from a

gourd.</def> <mark>[Local, New York]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bock"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coarse woolen fabric,

used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from

the town of <xex>Bocking</xex>, in England, where it was first

made.</def>



<hw>Bock"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bookland</er>.</def>



<hw>Bod"dice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bodick</er>.</def>



<hw>Bode</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boded</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Boding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bodien</ets>, AS. <ets>bodian</ets> to announce, tell from

<ets>bod</ets> command; akin to Icel. <ets>bo<?/a</ets> to

announce, Sw. <ets>b\'86da</ets> to announce, portend. <root/89.

See <er>Bid</er>.]</ety> <def>To indicate by signs, as future

events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to

foreshow.</def>



<q>A raven that <qex>bodes</qex> nothing but mischief.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>Good onset <qex>bodes</qex> good end.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To foreshow something; to

augur.</def>



<q>Whatever now

The omen proved, it <qex>boded</qex> well to you.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.</syn>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An omen; a

foreshadowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The owl eke, that of death the <qex>bode</qex> bringeth.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bid; an offer.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

Dial.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott</au>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>boda</ets>; akin to

OFries. <ets>boda</ets>, AS. <ets>bodo</ets>, OHG.

<ets>boto</ets>. See <er>Bode</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A messenger; a herald.</def>



<au>Robertson.</au>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Abide</er>.]</ety>

<def>A stop; a halting; delay.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> from <er>Bide</er>.

<def>Abode.</def>



<q>There that night they <qex>bode</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bode</hw>, <pos>p. p.</pos> <def>of <er>Bid</er>. Bid or

bidden.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bode"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Portentous;

ominous.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Bode"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An omen; a

prognostic.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl

Makes all these <qex>bodements</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bodge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A botch; a

patch.</def> <mark>[Dial.]</mark>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Bodge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bodged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To botch; to mend clumsily; to

patch.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<hw>Bodge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See <er>Budge</er>.</def>



<hw>Bo"di*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large food fish (<spn>Diagramma

lineatum</spn>), native of the East Indies.</def>



<hw>Bod"ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[This is

properly the plural of <ets>body</ets>, Oe. <ets>bodise</ets> a

pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. <er>Corset</er>, and see

<er>Body</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of under waist

stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset;

stays.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the

upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it.</def>



<q>Her <qex>bodice</qex> half way she unlaced.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Bod"iced</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

bodice.</def>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bod"ied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a body;

-- usually in composition; <as>as,

able-<ex>bodied</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and

good <qex>bodied</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<hw>Bod"i*less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having no body.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Without material form; incorporeal.</def>



<q>Phantoms <qex>bodiless</qex> and vain.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Bod"i*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Corporeality.</def>



<au>Minsheu.</au>



<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal;

consisting of matter.</def>



<q>You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the

<qex>bodily</qex> part of us.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction

from the mind.</def> \'bd<xex>Bodily</xex> defects.\'b8



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Real; actual; put in execution.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Be brought to <qex>bodily</qex> act.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Bodily fear</col>, <cd>apprehension of physical

injury.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Corporal</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bod"i*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Corporeally;

in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body.</def>



<q>For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead

<qex>bodily</qex>.</q>

<qau>Col. ii. 9</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire

body or mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry

away <xex>bodily</xex>. \'bdLeapt <xex>bodily</xex> below.\'b8

</def>



<au>Lowell.</au>



<-- p. 162 -->



<hw>Bod"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foreshowing;

presaging; ominous.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bod"ing*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bod"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A prognostic; an omen; a

foreboding.</def>



<hw>Bod"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boydekyn</ets> dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W.

<ets>bidog</ets> hanger, short sword, Ir. <ets>bideog</ets>,

Gael. <ets>biodag</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dagger.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare <qex>bodkin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Needlework)</fld> <def>An implement of steel,

bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by

piercing; a <?/tiletto; an eyeleteer.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A sharp tool, like an awl,

used for picking <?/ut letters from a column or page in making

corrections.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt

point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a

tape needle.</def>



<q>Wedged whole ages in a <qex>bodkin's</qex> eye.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A kind of pin used by women to fasten the

hair.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>To sit</col>, <col>ride</col>, or <col>travel

bodkin</col></mcol>, <cd>to sit closely wedged between two

persons. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<hw>Bod"kin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See <er>Baudekin</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shirley.</au>



<hw>Bo"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small Scotch

coin worth about one sixth of an English penny.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bod"lei*an</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to Sir

Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by

him in the sixteenth century.</def>



<hw>Bo*dock"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Corrupt. fr.

<ets>bois d'arc</ets>.]</ety> <def>The Osage orange.</def>

<mark>[Southwestern U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bod"rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. of

Celtic origin: cf. <er>Bordrage</er>.]</ety> <def>A raid.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bod"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bodies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bodi</ets>,

AS. <ets>bodig</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>botah</ets>. <root/257.

Cf. <er>Bodice</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The material organized substance of an animal,

whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or

vital principle; the physical person.</def>



<q>Absent in <qex>body</qex>, but present in spirit.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. v. 3</qau>



<q>For of the soul the <qex>body</qex> form doth take.

For soul is form, and doth the <qex>body</qex> make.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal,

as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or

principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc.</def>



<q>Who set the <qex>body</qex> and the limbs

Of this great sport together?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in

the <qex>body</qex> was the king and the prince.</q>

<qau>Clarendon.</qau>



<q>Rivers that run up into the <qex>body</qex> of Italy.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the

substance, as opposed to the shadow.</def>



<q>Which are a shadow of things to come; but the <qex>body</qex>

is of Christ.</q>

<qau>Col. ii. 17.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person; a human being; -- frequently in

composition; <as>as, any<ex>body</ex>,

no<ex>body</ex></as>.</def>



<q>A dry, shrewd kind of a <qex>body</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A number of individuals spoken of collectively,

usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some

purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; <as>as, a

legislative <ex>body</ex>; a clerical <ex>body</ex>.</as></def>



<q>A numerous <qex>body</qex> led unresistingly to the

slaughter.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A number of things or particulars embodied in a

system; a general collection; <as>as, a great <ex>body</ex> of

facts; a <ex>body</ex> of laws or of divinity.</as></def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Any mass or portion of matter; any substance

distinct from others; <as>as, a metallic <ex>body</ex>; a moving

<ex>body</ex>; an a\'89riform <ex>body</ex>.</as></def> \'bdA

<xex>body</xex> of cold air.\'b8



<au>Huxley.</au>



<q>By collision of two <qex>bodies</qex>, grind

The air attrite to fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Amount; quantity; extent.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>That part of a garment covering the body, as

distinguished from the parts covering the limbs.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the

load is placed; <as>as, a wagon <ex>body</ex>; a cart

<ex>body</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The shank of a type, or the

depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); <as>as, a

nonpareil face on an agate <ex>body</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>A figure that has length,

breadth, and thickness; any solid figure.</def>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>Consistency; thickness; substance; strength;

<as>as, this color has <ex>body</ex>; wine of a good

<ex>body</ex>.</as></def>



<note><hand/ Colors <xex>bear a body</xex> when they are capable

of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil,

as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.</note>



<cs><col>After body</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>the part of a

ship abaft the dead flat.</cd> -- <col>Body cavity</col>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld>, <cd>the space between the walls of the body

and the inclosed viscera; the c\'91lum; -- in mammals, divided by

the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities.</cd> --

<col>Body of a church</col>, <cd>the nave.</cd> -- <col>Body

cloth</col>; <plu>pl. <col>Body cloths</col></plu></mcol>, <cd>a

cloth or blanket for covering horses.</cd> -- <col>Body

clothes</col>. (<pluf>pl.</pluf>) <sn>1.</sn> <cd>Clothing for

the body; esp. underclothing.</cd> <sn>2.</sn> <cd>Body cloths

for horses.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Addison</au>. --

<col>Body coat</col>, <cd>a gentleman's dress coat.</cd> --

<col>Body color</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a pigment that has

consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or

wash.</cd> -- <col>Body of a law</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the

main and operative part.</cd> -- <col>Body louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species of louse (<spn>Pediculus

vestimenti</spn>), which sometimes infests the human body and

clothes. See <er>Grayback</er>.</cd> -- <col>Body plan</col>

<fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld>, <cd>an end elevation, showing the

conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her

length.</cd> -- <col>Body politic</col>, <cd>the collective body

of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising

political functions; also, a corporation.</cd> <au>Wharton.</au>



<q>As to the persons who compose the <qex>body politic</qex> or

associate themselves, they take collectively the name of

\'bdpeople\'b8, or \'bdnation\'b8.</q>

<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



 -- <col>Body servant</col>, <cd>a valet.</cd> -- <col>The bodies

seven</col> (<fld>Alchemy</fld>), <cd>the metals corresponding to

the planets.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren

(=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and

Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



 -- <col>Body snatcher</col>, <cd>one who secretly removes

without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.;

a resurrectionist.</cd> -- <col>Body snatching</col>

(<fld>Law</fld>), <cd>the unauthorized removal of a dead body

from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bod"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bodied</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bodying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape;

to embody.</def>



<cs><col>To body forth</col>, <cd>to give from or shape to

mentally.</cd>



<q>Imagination <qex>bodies</qex> forth

The forms of things unknown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>

</cs>



<hw>Bod"y*guard`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Retinue; attendance; following.</def>



<au>Bp. Porteus.</au>



<hw>B\'d2*o"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Boeotia</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, noted for its moist,

thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its

inhabitants.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to B\'d2otia; hence,

stupid; dull; obtuse.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native

of B\'d2otia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Boer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D., a farmer.

See <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <def>A colonist or farmer in South

Africa of Dutch descent.</def>



<hw>Bo"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>3d sing. pr.</pos> of

<er>Behove</er>. <def>Behoves or behooves.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael.

<ets>bog</ets> soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor,

marsh, Gael. <ets>bogan</ets> quagmire.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other

vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to

sink; a marsh; a morass.</def>



<q>Appalled with thoughts of <qex>bog</qex>, or caverned pit,

Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread.</q>

<qau>R. Jago.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots,

and grass, in a marsh or swamp.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bog bean</col>. <cd>See <er>Buck bean</er>.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Bog bumper</col> (bump, to make a loud noise),

<col>Bog blitter</col>, <col>Bog bluiter</col>, <col>Bog

jumper</col></mcol>, <cd>the bittern.</cd> <mark>[Prov.]</mark>

-- <col>Bog butter</col>, <cd>a hydrocarbon of butterlike

consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland.</cd> -- <col>Bog

earth</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a soil composed for the most

part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. <au>P.

Cyc</au>.</cd> -- <col>Bog moss</col>. <cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> Same

as <er>Sphagnum</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bog myrtle</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the sweet gale.</cd> -- <col>Bog

ore</col>. <cd><fld>(Min.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> An ore of iron

found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or

limonite. <sd>(b)</sd> Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of

manganese.</cd> -- <col>Bog rush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>any

rush growing in bogs; saw grass.</cd> -- <col>Bog spavin</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bogged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bogging</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To sink, as into a bog; to

submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and

mire.</def>



<q>At another time, he was <qex>bogged</qex> up to the middle in

the slough of Lochend.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bog"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The small cranberry (<spn>Vaccinium oxycoccus</spn>), which

grows in boggy places.</def>



<hw>Bo"gey</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A goblin; a

bugbear. See <er>Bogy</er>.</def>



<hw>Bog"gard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bogey.</def>

<mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bog"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp & p. p.</pos> <er>Boggled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Boggling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[ See <er>Bogle</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To stop or hesitate as if

suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen

difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and

indecision.</def>



<q>We start and <qex>boggle</qex> at every unusual

appearance.</q>

<qau>Glanvill.</qau>



<q><qex>Boggling</qex> at nothing which serveth their

purpose.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To play fast and loose; to dissemble.</def>



<au>Howell.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur.</syn>



<hw>Bog"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To embarrass with

difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of.</def> <mark>[Local,

U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Bog"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

boggles.</def>



<hw>Bog"glish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Doubtful;

skittish.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bog"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Consisting of,

or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy;

<as>as, <ex>boggy</ex> land</as>.</def>



<hw>Bo"gie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <mark>[A dialectic

word. N. of Eng. & Scot.]</mark> <def>A four-wheeled truck,

having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to

support in part a locomotive on a railway track.</def>



<hw>Bo"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. and North

Eng. <ets>bogle</ets>, <ets>bogill</ets>, <ets>bugill</ets>,

specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. <ets>bwgwl</ets>

threatening, fear, <ets>bwg</ets>, <ets>bwgan</ets>, specter,

hobgoblin. Cf. <er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>A goblin; a specter; a

frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>boggle</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bog"suck`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The American woodcock; -- so called

from its feeding among the bogs.</def>



<hw>Bog"trot`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the lowest

class of Irish.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bog"trot`ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Living

among bogs.</def>



<hw>Bogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; -- said

only of inferior craft.</def>



<hw>Bogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The boce; -- called also <altname>bogue bream</altname>. See

<er>Boce</er>.</def>



<hw>Bo"gus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term

originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting

anything counterfeit.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Bo"gus</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A liquor made of rum and

molasses.</def> <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bog"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wood of

trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining

black or ebony color, and is largely used for making

ornaments.</def>



<hw>Bo"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bogies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[See

<er>Bogle</er>.]</ety> <def>A specter; a hobgoblin; a

bugbear.</def> \'bdDeath's heads and <xex>bogies</xex>.\'b8

<au>J. H. Newman</au>. <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bogey</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing

<qex>bogy</qex> in the history of savages.</q>

<qau>C. Kingsley.</qau>



<hw>Bo*hea"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Wu-i</ets>, pronounced by the Chinese <ets>bu-i</ets>, the

name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.]</ety>

<def>Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under

<er>Tea</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The name was formerly applied to superior kinds of

black tea, or to black tea in general.</note>



<hw>Bo*he"mi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A country of central Europe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: The region or community of social

Bohemians. See <er>Bohemian</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</def>



<q>She knew every one who was any one in the land of

<qex>Bohemia</qex>.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its

ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See <er>Bohemian</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or

\'bdBohemian\'b8 (see <er>Bohemian</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3);

vagabond; unconventional; free and easy.</def>

<mark>[Modern]</mark>



<q>Hers was a pleasant <qex>Bohemian</qex> life till she was five

and thirty.</q>

<qau>Blackw. Mag.</qau>



<q>Artists have abandoned their <qex>Bohemian</qex> manners and

customs nowadays.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Bohemian chatterer</col>, <or/ <col>Bohemian

waxwing</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of

Europe and America (<spn>Ampelis garrulus</spn>); the

waxwing.</cd> -- <col>Bohemian glass</col>, <cd>a variety of hard

glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable

composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely

soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of

color.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bo*he"mi*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A native of Bohemia.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The language of the Czechs (the ancient

inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the

dialects of the Slavic family.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle

stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from

Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or

literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable

tastes, or free morals.</def> <mark>[Modern]</mark>



<note><hand/ In this sense from the French

<xex>boh\'82mien</xex>, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular

habits.</note>



<q>She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and

mother, who were both <qex>Bohemians</qex> by taste and

circumstances.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Bo*he"mi*an*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian.</def>

<mark>[Modern]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bo"hun u"pas</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Upas</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo*iar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boyar</er>.</def>



<hw>Boil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boiled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Boiling</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>boilen</ets>, OF. <ets>boilir</ets>,

<ets>builir</ets>, F. <ets>bouillir</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bullire</ets> to be in a bubbling motion, from

<ets>bulla</ets> bubble; akin to Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, Lith.

<ets>bumbuls</ets>. Cf. <er>Bull</er> an edict, <er>Budge</er>,

<ets>v</ets>., and <er>Ebullition</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the

generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of

currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a

state of ebullition; <as>as, the water <ex>boils</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be agitated like boiling water, by any other

cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; <as>as, the

<ex>boiling</ex> waves</as>.</def>



<q>He maketh the deep to <qex>boil</qex> like a pot.</q>

<qau>Job xii. 31.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass from a liquid to an a\'89riform state or

vapor when heated; <as>as, the water <ex>boils</ex>

away</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot

or fervid; <as>as, his blood <ex>boils</ex> with

anger</as>.</def>



<q>Then <qex>boiled</qex> my breast with flame and burning

wrath.</q>

<qau>Surrey.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To be in boiling water, as in cooking; <as>as,

the potatoes are <ex>boiling</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>To boil away</col>, <cd>to vaporize; to evaporate or be

evaporated by the action of heat.</cd> -- <col>To boil

over</col>, <cd>to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when

thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of

effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose

self-control.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To heat to the

boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; <as>as, to

<ex>boil</ex> water</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation;

<as>as, to <ex>boil</ex> sugar or salt</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To subject to the action of heat in a boiling

liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking,

cleansing, etc.; <as>as, to <ex>boil</ex> meat; to <ex>boil</ex>

clothes.</as></def>



<q>The stomach cook is for the hall,

And <qex>boileth</qex> meate for them all.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To steep or soak in warm water.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform;

but if you <qex>boil</qex> them in water, the new seeds will

sprout sooner.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<cs><col>To boil down</col>, <cd>to reduce in bulk by boiling;

as, to <xex>boil down<xex> sap or sirup.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Act or state of boiling.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Boil</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Influenced by <ets>boil</ets>,

v. See <er>Beal</er>, <er>Bile</er>.]</ety> <def>A hard, painful,

inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with

blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called

the <xex>core</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>A blind boil</col>, <cd>one that suppurates imperfectly,

or fails to come to a head.</cd> -- <col>Delhi boil</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a peculiar affection of the skin, probably

parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British

troops) and especially at Delhi.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boil"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boilery</er>.</def>



<hw>Boiled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dressed or

cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid;

<as>as, <ex>boiled</ex> meat; a <ex>boiled</ex> dinner;

<ex>boiled</ex> clothes.</as></def>



<hw>Boil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who boils.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel in which any thing is boiled.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>boiler</xex> is a generic term

covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers,

evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc.</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A strong metallic vessel,

usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite

structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for

driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other

purposes.</def>



<note><hand/ The earliest steam boilers were usually spheres or

sections of spheres, heated wholly from the outside. Watt used

the <xex>wagon boiler</xex> (shaped like the top of a covered

wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the

boilers in present use may be classified as plain <xex>cylinder

boilers</xex>, <xex>flue boilers</xex>, <xex>sectional</xex> and

<xex>tubular boilers</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Barrel of a boiler</col>, <cd>the cylindrical part

containing the flues.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Boiler plate</col>,

<col>Boiler iron</col></mcol>, <cd>plate or rolled iron of about

a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers

and tanks, for covering ships, etc.</cd> -- <col>Cylinder

boiler</col>, <cd>one which consists of a single iron

cylinder.</cd> -- <col>Flue boilers</col> <cd>are usually single

shells containing a small number of large flues, through which

the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney,

and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. --

<col>Locomotive boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler which contains an

inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to

the chimney.</cd> -- <col>Multiflue boiler</col>. <cd>Same as

<er>Tubular boiler</er>, below.</cd> -- <col>Sectional

boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler composed of a number of sections,

which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected

with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of

any desired capacity can be built up.</cd> -- <col>Tubular

boiler</col>, <cd>a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and

are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See

<xex>Illust</xex>. <cref>of Steam boiler</cref>, under

<er>Steam</er>.</cd> -- <col>Tubulous boiler</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Tubulous</er>. See <er>Tube</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 6, and 1st

<er>Flue</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 163 -->



<hw>Boil"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bouillerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>A place and apparatus for

boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making.</def>



<hw>Boil"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Heated to the point of

bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as

boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or

passion.</def>



<cs><col>Boiling point</col>, <cd>the temperature at which a

fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition.

This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid

under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea,

barometer 30 in., it is 212 <deg/ Fahrenheit; for alcohol,

172.96<deg/; for ether, 94.8<deg/; for mercury, about 675<deg/.

The boiling point of water is lowered one degree Fahrenheit for

about 550 feet of ascent above the level of the sea.</cd> --

<col>Boiling spring</col>, <cd>a spring which gives out very hot

water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a

geyser.</cd> -- <col>To be at the boiling point</col>, <cd>to be

very angry.</cd> -- <col>To keep the pot boiling</col>, <cd>to

keep going on actively, as in certain games.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Boil"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

ebullition or of tumultuous agitation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exposure to the action of a hot liquid.</def>



<hw>Boil"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With boiling or

ebullition.</def>



<q>And lakes of bitumen rise <qex>boiling</qex> higher.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bois" d'arc"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., bow wood. So

called because used for bows by the Western Indians.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The Osage orange (<spn>Maclura

aurantiaca</spn>).</def>



<q>The <qex>bois d'arc</qex> seems to be the characteristic

growth of the black prairies.</q>

<qau>U. S. Census (1880).</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bois" dur`ci"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., hardened

wood.]</ety> <def>A hard, highly polishable composition, made of

fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and

pressed.</def>



<hw>Boist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>boiste</ets>, F. <ets>bo\'8cte</ets>, from the same root as

E. <ets>box</ets>.]</ety> <def>A box.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bois"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boistous</ets>; of uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>bwyst</ets>

wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, <ets>bwystus</ets>

ferocious.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rough or rude; unbending;

unyielding; strong; powerful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> 

\'bd<xex>Boisterous</xex> sword.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Boisterous</xex>

hand.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting

with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy.</def>



<q>The waters swell before a <qex>boisterous</qex> storm.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The brute and <qex>boisterous</qex> force of violent men.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Noisy; rough; turbulent; <as>as,

<ex>boisterous</ex> mirth; <ex>boisterous</ex>

behavior.</as></def>



<q>I like not that loud, <qex>boisterous</qex> man.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Vehement; excessive.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The heat becomes too powerful and <qex>boisterous</qex> for

them.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious;

tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement.</syn>



<hw>Bois"ter*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a boisterous

manner.</def>



<hw>Bois"ter*ous*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or

quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder;

tumultuousness.</def>



<hw>Bois"tous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rough or

rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>. --

<wordforms><wf>Bois"tous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Bois"tous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></wordforms> <au>Chaucer</au>.



<hw>Bo*ja"nus or"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From

<ets>Bojanus</ets>, the discoverer.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a

kidney.</def>



<hw>Bo"ka*dam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Cerberus</er>.</def>



<hw>Boke</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To poke; to

thrust.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<hw>Bo"lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bole</er> clay.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to bole or clay;

partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo"las</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. sing. & pl.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <def>A kind of missile weapon consisting of one,

two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to

the ends of a leather cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South

America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an

animal.</def>



<hw>Bold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bald</ets>, <ets>bold</ets>, AS. <ets>bald</ets>,

<ets>beald</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>ballr</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bald</ets>, MHG. <ets>balt</ets>, D. boud, Goth.

<ets>bal<?/ei</ets> boldness, It. <ets>baldo</ets>. In Ger. there

remains only <ets>bald</ets>, adv. soon. Cf. <er>Bawd</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Forward to meet danger;

venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave;

courageous.</def>



<q>Throngs of knights and barons <qex>bold</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of

danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>bold</xex> design leased highly.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue

liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or

restraint; rude; impudent.</def>



<q>Thou art too wild, too rude and <qex>bold</qex> of voice.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or

conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties

in o composition or expression; <as>as, the figures of an author

are <ex>bold</ex></as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Bold</xex> tales.\'b8



<au>Waller.</au>



<q>The cathedral church is a very <qex>bold</qex> work.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Standing prominently out to view; markedly

conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief.</def>



<q>Shadows in painting . . . make the figure

<qex>bolder</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Steep; abrupt; prominent.</def>



<q>Where the <qex>bold</qex> cape its warning forehead rears.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Bold eagle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>an

Australian eagle (<spn>Aquila audax</spn>), which destroys lambs

and even the kangaroo.</def> -- <cs><col>To make bold</col>,

<cd>to take liberties or the liberty; to venture.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless;

dauntless; valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted;

high-spirited; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward;

impudent.</syn>



<hw>Bold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make bold or

daring.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bold</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be or become bold.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bold"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boldened</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>. ]</wordforms> <def>To make bold; to encourage; to

embolden.</def>



<q>Ready speakers, being <qex>boldened</qex> with their present

abilities to say more, . . . use less help of diligence and

study.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<hw>Bold"-faced`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; <as>as, a

<ex>bold-faced</ex> woman</as>.</def>



<q>I have seen enough to confute all the <qex>bold-faced</qex>

atheists of this age.</q>

<qau>Bramhall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>Having a conspicuous or

heavy face.</def>



<note><hand/ <bold>This line is <xex>bold-faced</xex>

nonpareil.</bold></note>



<hw>Bold"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bealdl\'c6ce</ets>.]</ety> <def>In a bold manner.</def>



<hw>Bold"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state or quality of

being bold.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness;

hardihood; assurance.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bol"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>\'d8Bol"du</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (<spn>Peumus Boldus</spn>). The

bark is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves

in medicine, and the drupes are eaten.</def>



<hw>Bole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bole</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bolr</ets>; akin to Sw.

<ets>b\'86l</ets>, Dan. <ets>bul</ets>, trunk, stem of a tree, G.

<ets>bohle</ets> a thick plank or board; cf. LG. <ets>boll</ets>

round. Cf. <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>The trunk or stem of a

tree, or that which is like it.</def>



<q>Enormous elm-tree <qex>boles</qex> did stoop and lean.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etym. doubtful.]</ety> <def>An

aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for

giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Open the <qex>bole</qex> wi'speed, that I may see if this be

the right Lord Geraldin.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A measure. See <er>Boll</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<au>Mortimer.</au>



<hw>Bole</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> a clod or

lump of earth: cf. F. <ets>bol</ets>, and also L.

<ets>bolus</ets> morsel. Cf. <er>Bolus</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually

colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to

color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in

medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of

alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See <er>Clay</er>, and

<er>Terra alba</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bolus; a dose.</def>



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<cs><col>Armenian bole</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Armenian</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bole Armoniac</col>, or

<col>Armoniak</col></mcol>, <cd>Armenian bole. 

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bo*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting molding round a panel. Same

as <er>Bilection</er>.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bo*le"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Sp.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A Spanish dance, or the

lively music which accompanies it.</def>



<hw>Bo*let"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or obtained from, the

<xex>Boletus</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Boletic acid</col>, <cd>an acid obtained from the

<spn>Boletus fomentarius</spn>, variety

<spn>pseudo-igniarius</spn>. Same as <er>Fumaric

acid</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bo*le"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>boletus</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap

composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible,

and others very poisonous.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bo"ley</hw>, <hw>Bo"lye</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Booly</er>.</def>



<hw>Bo"lide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.  See

<er>Bolis</er>.]</ety> <def>A kind of meteor; a bolis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo"lis</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., fr. Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> missile, arrow, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to

throw.]</ety> <def>A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed

by a train of light or sparks; esp. one which explodes.</def>



<hw>Bo*liv"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bolivia.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A

native of Bolivia.</def></def2>



<hw>Boll</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bolle</ets> boll, bowl, AS. <ets>bolla</ets>. See

<er>Bowl</er> a vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The pod or

capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a

globular form.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and

beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and

potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois.

Also, a measure for salt of two bushels.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes

spelled <asp>bole</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Boll</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bolled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To form

a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed.</def>



<q>The barley was in the ear, and the flax was

<qex>bolled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ex. ix. 31.</qau>



<hw>Bol"land*ists</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The

Jesuit editors of the \'bdActa Sanctorum\'b8, or Lives of the

Saints; -- named from John Bolland, who began the work.</def>



<hw>Bol"lard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bole</er> the stem of a tree, and <er>Pollard</er>.]</ety>

<def>An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used

in veering or fastening ropes.</def>



<cs><col>Bollard timber</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a timber,

also called a <xex>knighthead<xex>, rising just within the stem

in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its

end.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boll"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boln</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Boll"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bole</er> stem of a tree, and <er>Poll</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A tree from which the branches have been

cut; a pollard.</def>



<hw>Boll"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larva of a moth (<spn>Heliothis

armigera</spn>) which devours the bolls or unripe pods of the

cotton plant, often doing great damage to the crops.</def>



<hw>Boln</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bolnen</ets>, <ets>bollen</ets>; cf. Dan. <ets>bulne</ets>.

Cf. <er>Bulge</er>.]</ety> <def>To swell; to puff.</def>



<au>Holland.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Boln</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Boll"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Swollen; puffed out.</def>



<q>Thin, and <qex>boln</qex> out like a sail.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Bo*lo"gna</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

city of Italy which has given its name to various objects.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Bologna sausage.</def>



<cs><col>Bologna sausage</col> <ety>[It. salsiccia di

<ets>Bologna<ets>], <cd>a large sausage made of bacon or ham,

veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin.</cd> --

<col>Bologna stone</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>radiated barite,

or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of

radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is

phosphorescent when calcined.</cd> -- <col>Bologna vial</col>,

<cd>a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when

its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a

fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it

without injury.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bo*lo`gnese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Bologna.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A

native of Bologna.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Bolognese school</col> <fld>(Paint.)</fld>, <cd>a school

of painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard

or Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the

excellences of the preceding schools.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bo*lo"gnian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>

<def>Bolognese.</def>



<cs><col>Bolognian stone</col>. <cd>See <xex>Bologna stone<xex>,

under <er>Bologna</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bo*lom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> a stroke, ray + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>An instrument for measuring minute

quantities of radiant heat, especially in different parts of the

spectrum; -- called also <altname>actinic balance</altname>,

<altname>thermic balance</altname>.</def>



<au>S. P. Langley.</au>



<hw>Bol"ster</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bolster</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b<?/lstr</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>bolster</ets>, OHG. <ets>bolstar</ets>, <ets>polstar</ets>,

G. <ets>polster</ets>; from the same root as E. <ets>bole</ets>

stem, <ets>bowl</ets> hollow vessel. Cf. <er>Bulge</er>,

<er>Poltroon</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A long pillow or

cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; --

generally laid under the pillows.</def>



<q>And here I'll fling the pillow, there the <qex>bolster</qex>,

This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder

pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit

easy upon a wounded part; a compress.</def>



<q>This arm shall be a <qex>bolster</qex> for thy head.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything arranged to act as a support, as in

various forms of mechanism, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <def>A cushioned or a piece

part of a saddle.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A cushioned or a

piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the

trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds

to rest on, to prevent chafing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Anything

used to prevent chafing.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end

of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on

the abutment.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on

which the bed or body rests.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the

body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a

car truck.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>the perforated plate in a

punching machine on which anything rests when being

punched.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Cutlery)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>That part of

a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The metallic end of a pocketknife handle.</def>



<au>G. Francis.</au>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The rolls forming the ends

or sides of the Ionic capital.</def>



<au>G. Francis.</au>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A block of wood on the

carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests

when arranged for transportation.</def>  <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Gun carriage</er>.]</note>



<cs><col>Bolster work</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>members which

are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of

certain classical styles.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bol"ster</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bolstered</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n</pos>. <er>Bolstering</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To support

with a bolster or pillow.</def>



<au>S. Sharp.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty

or unusual effort; -- often with <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>To <qex>bolster</qex> baseness.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<q>Shoddy inventions designed to <qex>bolster</qex> up a

factitious pride.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<hw>Bol"stered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Supported; upheld.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Swelled out.</def>



<hw>Bol"ster*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

supporter.</def>



<hw>Bolt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bolt</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>bolti</ets>, Dan.

<ets>bolt</ets>, D. <ets>bout</ets>, OHG. <ets>bolz</ets>, G.

<ets>bolz</ets>, <ets>bolzen</ets>; of uncertain origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a

crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, blunt-headed arrow; a

quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a

dart.</def>



<q>Look that the crossbowmen lack not <qex>bolts</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>A fool's <qex>bolt</qex> is soon shot.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Lightning; a thunderbolt.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to

fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end

and screw thread cut upon the other end.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or

gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the

action of the key.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a

shackle; a fetter.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Away with him to prison!

lay <qex>bolts</qex> enough upon him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas

or silk, often containing about forty yards.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A bundle, as of oziers.</def>



<cs><col>Bolt auger</col>, <cd>an auger of large size; an auger

to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights.</cd> --

<col>Bolt and nut</col>, <cd>a metallic pin with a head formed

upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread

cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in <xex>illust<xex>.

above.</cd></cs>



<note>See <er>Tap bolt</er>, <er>Screw bolt</er>, and <er>Stud

bolt</er>.</note>



<hw>Bolt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bolted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bolting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To shoot; to

discharge or drive forth.</def>



<-- p. 164 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw

out.</def>



<q>I hate when Vice can <qex>bolt</qex> her arguments.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To swallow without chewing; <as>as, to

<ex>bolt</ex> food</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld> <def>To refuse to

support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has

belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Sporting)</fld> <def>To cause to start or

spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or

bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to

restrain.</def>



<q>Let tenfold iron <qex>bolt</qex> my door.</q>

<qau>Langhorn.</qau>



<q>Which shackles accidents and <qex>bolts</qex> up change.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bolt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or

go suddenly; to dart; <as>as, to <ex>bolt</ex> out of the

room</as>.</def>



<q>This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, . . . 

And oft out of a bush doth <qex>bolt</qex>.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt.</def>



<q>His cloudless thunder <qex>bolted</qex> on their heads.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular

path; <as>as, the horse <ex>bolted</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(U.S. Politics)</fld> <def>To refuse to support

a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been

connected; to break away from a party.</def>



<hw>Bolt</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In the manner of a bolt;

suddenly; straight; unbendingly.</def>



<q>[He] came <qex>bolt</qex> up against the heavy dragoon.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<cs><col>Bolt upright</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> Perfectly upright;

perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. <au>Addison</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> On the back at full length.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bolt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bolt</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden spring or start; a

sudden spring aside; <as>as, the horse made a

<ex>bolt</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sudden flight, as to escape creditors.</def>



<q>This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated

a <qex>bolt</qex> to America -- or anywhere.</q>

<qau>Compton Reade.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(U. S. Politics)</fld> <def>A refusal to support

a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected;

a breaking away from one's party.</def>



<hw>Bolt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bolted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bolting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bolten</ets>,

<ets>boulten</ets>, OF. <ets>buleter</ets>, F. <ets>bluter</ets>,

fr. Ll. <ets>buletare</ets>, <ets>buratare</ets>, cf. F.

<ets>bure</ets> coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. <ets>burrus</ets>

red. See <er>Borrel</er>, and cf. <er>Bultel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To sift or separate the coarser from the finer

particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to

separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means.</def>



<q>He now had <qex>bolted</qex> all the flour.

</q><qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>Ill schooled in <qex>bolted</qex> language.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; --

with <xex>out</xex>.</def>



<q>Time and nature will <qex>bolt</qex> out the truth of

things.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>To discuss or argue privately,

and for practice, as cases at law.</def>



<au>Jacob.</au>



<cs><col>To bolt to the bran</col>, <cd>to examine thoroughly, so

as to separate or discover everything important.</cd></cs>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>This <qex>bolts</qex> the matter fairly <qex>to the

bran</qex>.</q>

<qau>Harte.</qau>



<q>The report of the committee was examined and sifted and

<qex>bolted to the bran</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Bolt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve

used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bol"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boultel</er>.</def>



<hw>Bolt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who bolts;

esp.: <sd>(a)</sd> A horse which starts suddenly aside.

<sd>(b)</sd> A man who breaks away from his party.</def>



<hw>Bolt"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who sifts

flour or meal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument or machine for separating bran

from flour, or the coarser part of meal from the finer; a

sieve.</def>



<hw>Bolt"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of fishing line. See

<er>Boulter</er>.</def>



<hw>Bolt"head`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for

chemical distillations; -- called also a

<altname>matrass</altname> or receiver.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The head of a bolt.</def>



<hw>Bolt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A darting away; a starting

off or aside.</def>



<hw>Bolt"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sifting, as

of flour or meal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A private arguing of cases for

practice by students, as in the Inns of Court.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bolting cloth</col>, <cd>wire, hair, silk, or other

sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; -- used by millers

for sifting flour. <xex>McElrath<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Bolting

hutch</col>, <cd>a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal;

(<xex>fig<xex>.) a receptacle.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bol"ton*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A granular mineral of a grayish or

yellowish color, found in Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate

of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family.</def>



<hw>Bolt"rope`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to

strengthen the sail.</def>



<hw>Bolt"sprit`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of <ets>bowsprit</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bowsprit</er>.</def>



<hw>Bol"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>An edible fish of the Nile (genus <spn>Chromis</spn>).</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>bulti</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bo"lus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boluses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L. <ets>bolus</ets>

bit, morsel; cf. G. <ets><?/</ets> lump of earth. See

<er>Bole</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, clay.]</ety> <def>A rounded mass of

anything, esp. a large pill.</def>



<hw>Bom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large American serpent, so called from the sound it

makes.</def>



<hw>Bomb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bombe</ets> bombshell, fr. L. <ets>bombus</ets> a humming or

buzzing noise, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A great noise; a hollow sound.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A pillar of iron . . . which if you had struck, would make . .

. a great <qex>bomb</qex> in the chamber beneath.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A shell; esp. a spherical

shell, like those fired from mortars. See <er>Shell</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bomb ketch.</def>



<cs><col>Bomb chest</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a chest filled

with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause

destruction by its explosion.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bomb

ketch</col>, <col>Bomb vessel</col></mcol> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which

mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; -- called

also <altname>mortar vessel</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bomb

lance</col>, <cd>a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used

in whale fishing.</cd> -- <col>Volcanic bomb</col>, <cd>a mass of

lava of a spherical or pear shape.</cd> \'bdI noticed

<xex>volcanic bombs<xex>.\'b8</cs>



<au>Darwin.</au>



<hw>Bomb</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bombard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Bomb</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boom</er>.]</ety>

<def>To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bom"bace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.]</ety>

<def>Cotton; padding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bom"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bombarde</ets>, LL. <ets>bombarda</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bombus</ets> + <ets>-ard</ets>. Cf. <er>Bumper</er>, and see

<er>Bomb</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece

of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other

ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon.</def>



<q>They planted in divers places twelve great

<qex>bombards</qex>, wherewith they threw huge stones into the

air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the

houses.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A bombardment.</def> <mark>[Poetic & R.]</mark>



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather

bottle, for carrying liquor or beer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul

<qex>bombard</qex> that would shed his liquor.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Padded breeches.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bombard phrase</col>, <cd>inflated language; bombast.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bom"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bombarde</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bombarde</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bombardo</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bom*bard"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bombarded</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bombarding</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw

shells, hot shot, etc., at or into.</def>



<q>Next, she means to <qex>bombard</qex> Naples.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>His fleet <qex>bombarded</qex> and burnt down Dieppe.</q>

<qau>Wood.</qau>



<hw>Bom`bar*dier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bombardier</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a

gunner.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

noncommissioned officer in the British artillery.</def>



<cs><col>Bombardier beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

kind of beetle (<spn>Brachinus crepitans</spn>), so called

because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a

pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied

to other related species, as the <spn>B. displosor</spn>, which

can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common

American species is <spn>B. fumans</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bom"bard*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>They . . . made room for a <qex>bombardman</qex> that brought

bouge for a country lady.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Bom*bard"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bombardement</ets>.]</ety> <def>An attack upon a fortress or

fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of

throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bom*bar"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bom*bar"don</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>bombardo</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>Originally, a

deep-toned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a

bass reed stop on the organ. The name <xex>bombardon</xex> is now

given to a brass instrument, the lowest of the saxhorns, in tone

resembling the ophicleide.</def>



<au>Grove.</au>



<hw>Bom`ba*sine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bombazine</er>.</def>



<hw>Bom"bast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bombace</ets> cotton, LL. <ets>bombax</ets> cotton,

<ets>bombasium</ets> a doublet of cotton; hence, padding,

wadding, fustian. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Originally, cotton, or cotton wool.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A candle with a wick of <qex>bombast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lupton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as

stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>How now, my sweet creature of <qex>bombast</qex>!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of

<qex>bombast</qex> at least.</q>

<qau>Stubbes.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style;

language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian.</def>



<q>Yet noisy <qex>bombast</qex> carefully avoid.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bom"bast</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>High-sounding; inflated;

big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic.</def>



<q>[He] evades them with a <qex>bombast</qex> circumstance,

<q>Horribly stuffed with epithets of war.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Nor a tall metaphor in <qex>bombast</qex> way.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<hw>Bom*bast"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To swell

or fill out; to pad; to inflate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Not <qex>bombasted</qex> with words vain ticklish ears to

feed.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bom*bas"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bom*bas"tic*al</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized by

bombast; highsounding; inflated.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bom*bas"tic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<q>A theatrical, <qex>bombastic</qex>, windy phraseology.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.</syn>



<hw>Bom"bast*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Swelling

words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian.</def>



<q><qex>Bombastry</qex> and buffoonery, by nature lofty and

light, soar highest of all.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bom"bax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.,

cotton. See <er>Bombast</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of trees, called also the

<altname>silkcotton tree</altname>; also, a tree of the genus

Bombax.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bom`ba*zet" Bom`ba*zette"</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of

thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or

twilled.</def>



<hw>Bom`ba*zine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bombasin</ets>, LL. <ets>bombacinium</ets>,

<ets>bambacinium</ets>, L. <ets>bombycinus</ets> silken,

<ets>bombycinum</ets> a silk or cotton texture, fr.

<ets>bombyx</ets> silk, silkworm, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bombast</er>, <er>Bombycinous</er>.]</ety> <def>A twilled

fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft

worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning

garments.</def> <altsp>[Sometimes spelt <asp>bombasin</asp>, and

<asp>bombasine</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<hw>Bom"bic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bombyx</ets> silk, silkworm: cf. F.

<ets>bombique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or obtained from,

the silkworm; <as>as, <ex>bombic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Bom"bi*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bombilare</ets>, for L. <ets>bombitare</ets>. See

<er>Bomb</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To hum; to buzz.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bom`bi*la"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

humming sound; a booming.</def>



<q>To . . . silence the <qex>bombilation</qex> of guns.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Bom"bi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hum;

to boom.</def>



<hw>Bom`bi*na"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

humming or buzzing.</def>



<hw>Bom"bo*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bomboloes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. It

<ets>bombola</ets> a pitcher.]</ety> <def>A thin spheroidal glass

retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>bumbelo</asp>, and

<asp>bumbolo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bomb"proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Secure

against the explosive force of bombs.</def> --

<def2><pos>n.</pos> <def> A structure which heavy shot and shell

will not penetrate.</def></def2>



<hw>Bomb"shell`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bomb.

See <er>Bomb</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Bom*by"cid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Like or pertaining to the genus

Bombyx, or the family <spn>Bombycid\'91</spn>.</def>



<hw>Bom*byc"i*nous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bombycinus</ets>. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Silken; made of silk.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Coles.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent

with a yellow tint.</def>



<au>E. Darwin.</au>



<hw>Bom*byl"i*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bombylius</ets> a bumblebee, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Buzzing, like a bumblebee; <as>as, the bombylious noise of

the horse fly</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Derham.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bom"byx</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

silkworm. See <er>Bombazine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See

<er>Silkworm</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>bonus</ets>.]</ety> <def>Good; valid as security for

something.</def>



<hw>Bon-ac*cord"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Good will;

good fellowship; agreement.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bo"na fi"de</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety> <def>In or

with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual

or actually; genuine or genuinely; <as>as, you must proceed

<ex>bona fide</ex>; a <ex>bona fide</ex> purchaser or

transaction.</as></def>



<hw>Bo*nair"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE., also

<ets>bonere</ets>, OF. <ets>bonnaire</ets>, Cotgr., abbrev. of

<ets>debonnaire</ets>. See <er>Debonair</er>.]</ety> <def>Gentle;

courteous; complaisant; yielding.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bo*nan"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., prop.

calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets>

good.]</ety> <def>In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or

gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large

income.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Bo`na*part"e*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family.</def>



<hw>Bo"na*part`ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes.</def>



<hw>Bo"na*part`ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One attached to the

policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the Bonapartes.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo"na per`i*tu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Perishable goods.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bo"na ro"ba</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[It., prop. \'bdgood

stuff.\'b8]</ety> <def>A showy wanton; a courtesan.</def>



<au>Shak</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bo*na"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bo*nas"sus</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L. <ets>bonasus</ets>,

Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The aurochs or European bison. See <er>Aurochs</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon"bon`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bonbon</ets>, fr. <ets>bon bon</ets> very good, a

superlative by reduplication, fr. <ets>bon</ets> good.]</ety>

<def>Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.</def>



<hw>Bonce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

unknown.]</ety> <def>A boy's game played with large

marbles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon`chr\'82`tien"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., good Christian.]</ety> <def>A name given to several

kinds of pears. See <er>Bartlett</er>.</def>



<hw>Bon"ci*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Empirical

trade name.]</ety> <def>A substance composed of ground bone,

mineral matters, etc., hardened by pressure, and used for making

billiard balls, boxes, etc.</def>



<hw>Bond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word as

band. Cf. <er>Band</er>, <er>Bend</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which

anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a

ligament; a shackle or a manacle.</def>



<q>Gnawing with my teeth my <qex>bonds</qex> in sunder,

I gained my freedom.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The state of being bound;

imprisonment; captivity, restraint.</def> \'bdThis man doeth

nothing worthy of death or of <xex>bonds</xex>.\'b8



<au>Acts xxvi.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A binding force or influence; a cause of union;

a uniting tie; <as>as, the <ex>bonds</ex> of

fellowship</as>.</def>



<q>A people with whom I have no tie but the common

<qex>bond</qex> of mankind.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Moral or political duty or obligation.</def>



<q>I love your majesty

According to my <qex>bond</qex>, nor more nor less.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writing under seal, by which

a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators,

to pay a certain sum on or before a future day appointed. This is

a <xex>single bond</xex>. But usually a condition is added, that,

if the obligor shall do a certain act, appear at a certain place,

conform to certain rules, faithfully perform certain duties, or

pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the

obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full

force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes

forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the

payment of the whole sum.</def>



<au>Bouvier. Wharton.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary

legal bond) made by a government or a corporation for purpose of

borrowing money; <as>as, a government, city, or railway

<ex>bond</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse

till the duties are paid; <as>as, merchandise in

<ex>bond</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The union or tie of the

several stones or bricks forming a wall. The bricks may be

arranged for this purpose in several different ways, as in

<xex>English</xex> or <xex>block bond</xex> (Fig. 1), where one

course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the

wall, called <xex>headers</xex>, and the next course of bricks

with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called

<xex>stretchers</xex>; <xex>Flemish bond</xex> (Fig.2), where

each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately, so

laid as always to break joints; <xex>Cross bond</xex>, which

differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher

line so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the

same position of stretchers comes back every fifth line;

<xex>Combined cross and English bond</xex>, where the inner part

of the wall is laid in the one method, the outer in the

other.</def>



<-- p. 165 -->



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A unit of chemical

attraction; <as>as, oxygen has two <ex>bonds</ex> of

affinity</as>. It is often represented in graphic formul\'91 by a

short line or dash. See <xex>Diagram</xex> of <er>Benzene

nucleus</er>, and <er>Valence</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Arbitration bond</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Arbitration</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bond crediter</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a creditor whose debt is secured by a

bond.</cd> <au>Blackstone.</au> -- <col>Bond debt</col>

<fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>a debt contracted under the obligation of a

bond.</cd> <au>Burrows</au>. -- <mcol><col>Bond</col> (<or/

<col>lap</col>) <col>of a slate</col></mcol>, <cd>the distance

between the top of one slate and the bottom or drip of the second

slate above, i. e., the space which is covered with three

thicknesses; also, the distance between the nail of the under

slate and the lower edge of the upper slate.</cd> -- <col>Bond

timber</col>, <cd>timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen

it longitudinally.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment.</syn>



<hw>Bond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bonded</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Bonding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure the

payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a

bond.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To dispose in building, as

the materials of a wall, so as to secure solidity.</def>



<hw>Bond</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bond</ets>,

<ets>bonde</ets>, peasant, serf, AS. <ets>bonda]C>,

<ets>bunda</ets>, husband, bouseholder, from Icel.

<ets>b<?/ndi</ets> husbandman, for <ets>b<?/andi</ets>, fr.

<ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell. See <er>Boor</er>,

<er>Husband</er>.]</ety> <def>A xassal or serf; a slave.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bond</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In a state of servitude or

slavery; captive.</def>



<q>By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or

Bentiles, whether we be <qex>bond</qex> or free.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xii. 13.</qau>



<hw>Bond"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bondagium</ets>. See <er>Bond</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being bound; condition of being

under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion;

involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity.</def>



<q>The King, when he designed you for my guard,

Resolved he would not make my <qex>bondage</qex> hard.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Obligation; tie of duty.</def>



<q>He must resolve by no means to be . . . brought under the

<qex>bondage</qex> of onserving oaths.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Villenage; tenure of

land on condition of doing the meanest services for the

owner.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment.</syn>



<hw>Bond"a*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A field

worker, esp. a woman who works in the field.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bon"dar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small quadruped of

Bengal (<spn>Paradoxurus bondar</spn>), allied to the genet; --

called also <altname>musk cat</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bond"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Placed under,

or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of duties, or for

conformity to coertain regulations.</def>



<cs><col>Bonded goods</col>, <cd>goods placed in a bonded

warehouse; goods, for the duties on which bonds are given at the

customhouse.</cd> -- <col>Bonded warehouse</col>, <cd>a warehouse

in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under

bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and

the customs officers.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bond"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A bonding stone or brick; a

bondstone.</def>



<hw>Bond"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Norwegian

<ets>bonde</ets>.]</ety> <def>A freeholder on a small

scale.</def> <mark>[Norway]</mark>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Bond"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation for the

payment of money at a certain time.</def>



<hw>Bond"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<pos>a.</pos>or<pos>n.</pos>+

<ets>maid</ets>.]</ety> <def>A female slave, or one bound to

service without wages, as distinguished from a hired

servant.</def>



<hw>Bond"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bondmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<pos>a.</pos>or<pos>n.</pos>+

<ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A man slave, or one bound

to service without wages.</def> \'bdTo enfranchise

<xex>bondmen</xex>.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Old Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A villain, or tenant

in villenage.</def>



<hw>Bond" serv`ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A slave; one who is

bound to service without wages.</def>



<q>If thy brother . . . be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee;

thou shalt not compel him to serve as a <qex>bond servant</qex>:

but as an hired servant.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxv. 39, 40.</qau>



<hw>Bond" serv`ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The condition of a

bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery.</def>



<q>Their children . . . upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of

<qex>bond service</qex>.</q>

<qau>1 Kings ix. 21.</qau>



<hw>Bond"slave`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A person

in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected

to the authority of a master.</def>



<hw>Bonds"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bondsmen</plw> .</plu>

<ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<pos>a.</pos>or<pos>n.</pos>+

<ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A slave; a villain; a

serf; a bondman.</def>



<q>Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no

mercy upon their poor <qex>bondsmen</qex>.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A surety; one who is bound, or

who gives security, for another.</def>



<hw>Bond"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>stone</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A stone running through a wall from one

face to another, to bind it together; a binding stone.</def>



<hw>Bonds"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bondwoman</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon"duc</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bonduc</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bunduq</ets> hazel nut, filbert

nut.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Nicker

tree</er>.</def>



<hw>Bond"wom`an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bondwomen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[<ets>Bond</ets>,<pos>a.</pos>or<pos>n.</pos>+

<ets>woman</ets>.]</ety> <def>A woman who is a slave, or in

bondage.</def>



<q>He who was of the <qex>bondwoman</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gal. iv. 23.</qau>



<hw>Bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bon</ets>, <ets>ban</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'ben</ets>; akin to

Icel. <ets>bein</ets>, Sw. <ets>ben</ets>, Dan. & D.

<ets>been</ets>, G. <ets>bein</ets> bone, leg; cf. Icel.

<ets>beinn</ets> straight.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate

animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic

phosphate, and gelatine; <as>as, blood and

<ex>bone</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many

minute cavities containing living matter and connected by minute

canals, some of which connect with larger canals through which

blood vessels ramify.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of the pieces or parts of an animal

skeleton; <as>as, a rib or a thigh <ex>bone</ex>; a <ex>bone</ex>

of the arm or leg</as>; also, any fragment of bony substance.

(<pluf>pl.</pluf>) The frame or skeleton of the body.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving

bone lace.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Two or four pieces of bone held

between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of

music.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Dice.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of

steel for a corset.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Fig.: The framework of anything.</def>



<cs><col>A bone of contention</col>, <cd>a subject of contention

or dispute.</cd> -- <col>A bone to pick</col>, <cd>something to

investigate, or to busy one's self about; a dispute to be settled

(with some one).</cd> -- <col>Bone ash</col>, <cd>the residue

from calcined bones; -- used for making cupels, and for cleaning

jewelry.</cd> -- <col>Bone black</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>,

<cd>the black, carbonaceous substance into which bones are

converted by calcination in close vessels; -- called also

<altname>animal charcoal</altname>. It is used as a decolorizing

material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black

pigment. See <cref>Ivory black</cref>, under <er>Black</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Bone cave</col>, <cd>a cave in which are found bones of

extinct or recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and

bones of man. <au>Am. Cyc.</au></cd> -- <col>Bone dust</col>,

<cd>ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer.</cd> --

<col>Bone earth</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>the earthy residuum

after the calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of

calcium.</cd> -- <col>Bone lace</col>, <cd>a lace made of linen

thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone.</cd> --

<col>Bone oil</col>, <cd>an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in

the manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the

nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives;

-- also called <altname>Dippel's oil</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bone

setter</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Bonesetter</er>. See in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Bone shark</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the basking shark.</cd> -- <col>Bone spavin</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Spavin</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bone turquoise</col>,

<cd>fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color, sometimes used

as an imitation of true turquoise.</cd> -- <col>Bone whale</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a right whale.</cd> -- <col>To be upon

the bones of</col>, <cd>to attack.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</<mark> --

<col>To make no bones</col>, <cd>to make no scruple; not to

hesitate.</cd> <mark>[Low]</mark> -- <col>To pick a bone

with</col>, <cd>to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to

settle a disagreement.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Bone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boned</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Boning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To withdraw bones

from the flesh of, as in cookery.</def> \'bdTo <xex>bone</xex> a

turkey.\'b8



<au>Soyer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put whalebone into; <as>as, to <ex>bone</ex>

stays</as>.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fertilize with bone.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To steal; to take possession of.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Bone</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bornoyer</ets> to

look at with one eye, to sight, fr. <ets>borgne</ets>

one-eyed.]</ety> <def>To sight along an object or set of objects,

to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry,

masonry, and surveying.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<q>Joiners, etc., <qex>bone</qex> their work with two straight

edges. W.</q>

<qau>M. Buchanan.</qau>



<hw>Bone"ache`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pain in the

bones.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bone"black`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<cref>Bone black</cref>, under <er>Bone</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Boned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having (such) bones; -- used in composition; <as>as,

big-<ex>boned</ex>; strong-<ex>boned</ex></as>.</def>



<q>No big-<qex>boned</qex> men framed of the Cyclops' size.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Deprived of bones; <as>as, <ex>boned</ex> turkey

or codfish</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Manured with bone; <as>as, <ex>boned</ex>

land</as>.</def>



<hw>Bone"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The spiny dogfish.</def>



<hw>Bone"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Ladyfish</er>.</def>



<hw>Bone"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without bones.</def>

\'bd<xex>Boneless</xex> gums.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bone"set`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (<spn>Eupatorium

perfoliatum</spn>). Its properties are diaphoretic and

tonic.</def>



<hw>Bone"set*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

sets broken or dislocated bones; -- commonly applied to one, not

a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting

bones.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bone"set*ting</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bone"shaw</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Sciatica.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bo*net"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bonito</er>.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Bon"fire`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bonefire</ets>, <ets>banefire</ets>, orig. a fire of bones;

<ets>bone + fire</ets>; but cf. also Prov. E. <ets>bun</ets> a

dry stalk.]</ety> <def>A large fire built in the open air, as an

expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement.</def>



<q>Full soon by <qex>bonfire</qex> and by bell,

We learnt our liege was passing well.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>Bon"grace`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bon</ets> good + <ets>gr\'83ce</ets> grace, charm.]</ety>

<def>A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion;

also, a wide-brimmed hat.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>\'d8Bon`ho*mie"</hw>, <hw>\'d8Bon`hom*mie"</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety> <def>good

nature; pleasant and easy manner.</def>



<hw>Bon"i*bell</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bonnibel</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bon"i*face</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's comedy of \'bdThe Beaux'

Stratagem.\'b8]</ety> <def>An innkeeper.</def>



<hw>Bon"i*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bonus</ets> good + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Sensitive

or responsive to moral excellence.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Bon"i*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bonus</ets> good + <ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bonifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To convert into, or make,

good.</def>



<q>To <qex>bonify</qex> evils, or tincture them with good.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<hw>Bon"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition or quality of being bony.</def>



<hw>Bon"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st

<er>Bone</er>, sense 3 fr. 3d <er>Bone</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The clearing of bones from fish or meat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manuring of land with bones.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A method of leveling a line or surface by

sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range

of properly spaced poles. See 3d <er>Bone</er>, <xex>v.

t.</xex></def>



<hw>Bon"i*ta*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beneficial,

as opposed to statutory or civil; <as>as, <ex>bonitary</ex>

dominion of land</as>.</def>



<hw>Bo*ni"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bonitoes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp. & Pg.

<ets>bonito</ets>, fr. Ar. <ets>bain\'c6t</ets> and

<ets>bain\'c6th</ets>.]</ety> <altsp>[Often incorrectly written

<asp>bonita</asp>.]</altsp> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> A

large tropical fish (<spn>Orcynus pelamys</spn>) allied to the

tunny.  It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown

stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American

coast.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The skipjack (<spn>Sarda Mediterranea</spn>) of

the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of

the United States, and <spn>(S. Chilensis)</spn> of the Pacific,

and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a

blue color with black oblique stripes.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The medregal (<spn>Seriola fasciata</spn>), an

edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West

Indies.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The cobia or crab eater (<spn>Elacate

canada</spn>), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United

States.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon"mot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bonsmots</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[ F. <ets>bon</ets>

good + <ets>mot</ets> word.]</ety> <def>A witty repartee; a

jest.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bonne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>(F., prop.

good woman.) A female servant charged with the care of a young

child.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bonne" bouche"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bonnes

bouches</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets>, fem.

<ets>bonne</ets>, good + <ets>bouche</ets> mouth.]</ety> <def>A

delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit.</def>



<hw>Bon"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bonet</ets>, OF. <ets>bonet</ets>, <ets>bonete</ets>. F.

<ets>bonnet</ets> fr. LL. <ets>bonneta</ets>, <ets>bonetum</ets>;

orig. the name of a stuff, and of unknown origin.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A headdress for men and boys; a cap.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton. Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of

thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland.</def>



<q>And p<?/i<?/s and <qex>bonnets</qex> waving high.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A covering for the head, worn by women, usually

protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no

part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at

different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread

outward, like the mouth of a funnel.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or

use</def>; as, <sd>(a)</sd> (<fld>Fort</fld>.) <def>A small

defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated

to screen the other part from enfilade fire.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a

fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a

chimney, etc.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A frame of wire netting

over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect

its occupants from objects falling down the shaft.</def>

<sd>(e)</sd> <def>In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in

the valve chambers.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An additional piece of canvas

laced to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds.</def>



<au>Hakluyt.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The second stomach of a ruminating animal.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc.,

who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy.</def>

<mark>[Cant]</mark>



<cs><col>Bonnet head</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shark

(<spn>Sphyrna tiburio</spn>) of the southern United States and

West Indies.</cd> -- <col>Bonnet limpet</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a name given, from their shape, to

various species of shells (family

<spn>Calyptr\'91id\'91</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Bonnet monkey</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an East Indian monkey (<spn>Macacus

sinicus</spn>), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga.</cd>

-- <col>Bonnet piece</col>, <cd>a gold coin of the time of James

V. of Scotland, the king's head on which wears a bonnet. <au>Sir

W. Scott</au>.</cd> -- <col>To have a bee in the bonnet</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Bee</er>.</cd> -- <col>Black bonnet</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Black</er>.</cd> -- <col>Blue bonnet</col>.

<cd>See in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bon"net</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take off the bonnet or

cap as a mark of respect; to uncover.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bon"net*ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Wearing a

bonnet.</def> \'bd<xex>Bonneted</xex> and shawled.\'b8



<au>Howitt.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Protected by a bonnet. See

<er>Bonnet</er>, 4 <sd>(a)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Bon"net*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a bonnet.</def>



<hw>Bon"ni*bel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bonne et belle</ets>, good and beautiful. Cf.

<er>Bellibone</er>.]</ety> <def>A handsome girl.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bon"nie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Scot</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bonny</er>,

<pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Bon"ni*lass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bonny</ets> + <ets>lass</ets>.]</ety> <def>A \'bdbonny

lass\'b8; a beautiful girl.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bon"ni*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Gayly; handsomely.</def>



<hw>Bon"ni*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of being

bonny; gayety<?/ handsomeness.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bon"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <altsp>[Spelled

<asp>bonnie</asp> by the Scotch.]</altsp> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boni</ets>, prob. fr. F. <ets>bon</ets>, fem.

<ets>bonne</ets>, good, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets> good. See

<er>Bounty</er>, and cf. <er>Bonus</er>, <er>Boon</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively

and graceful.</def>



<q>Till <qex>bonny</qex> Susan sped across the plain.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<q>Far from the <qex>bonnie</qex> banks of Ayr.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe.</def>



<q>Be you blithe and <qex>bonny</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Report speaks you a <qex>bonny</qex> monk, that would hear the

mati<?/chime ere he quitted his bowl.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bon"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A round

and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with

a vein.</def>



<hw>Bon"ny*clab`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>bainne</ets>, <ets>baine</ets>, milk + <ets>clabar</ets>

mud, mire.]</ety> <def>Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk;

curdled milk; -- sometimes called simply

<xex>clabber</xex>.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bon" Si`l\'8ane"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A very fragrant tea rose with petals of

various shades of pink.</def>



<hw>Bon"spiel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.; of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A cur<?/ing match between

clubs.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bon"te*bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bont</ets> a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated +

<ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The pied

antelope of South Africa (<spn>Alcelaphus pygarga</spn>). Its

face and rump are white. Called also

<altname>nunni</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon" ton"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F., good tone,

manner.]</ety> <def>The height of the fashion; fashionable

society.</def>



<hw>Bo"nus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bonuses</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>bonus</ets> good. Cf. <er>Bonny</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A premium given for a loan, or for a

charter or other privilege granted to a company; as the bank paid

a <xex>bonus</xex> for its charter.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint

stock company, out of accumulated profits.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Money paid in addition to a stated

compensation.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bon" vi`vant"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bons

vivants</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets> good +

<ets>vivant</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>vivre</ets> to

live.]</ety> <def>A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free

liver.</def>



<hw>Bon"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining

to bones.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having large or prominent bones.</def>



<cs><col>Bony fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

menhaden.</cd> -- <col>Bony pike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the gar pike (<spn>Lepidosteus</spn>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Bon"ze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pg.

<ets>bonzo</ets>, fr. Japan b\'d3zu a Buddhist priest: cf. F.

<ets>bonze</ets>.]</ety> <def>A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk,

or nun.</def>



<note><hand/ The name was given by the Portuguese to the priests

of Japan, and has since been applied to the priests of China,

Cochin China, and the neighboring countries.</note>



<hw>Boo"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boobies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp. <ets>bobe</ets>

dunce, idiot; cf. L. <ets>balbus</ets> stammering, E.

<ets>barbarous</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A dunce; a stupid fellow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A swimming

bird (<spn>Sula fiber</spn> or <spn>S. sula</spn>) related to the

common gannet, and found in the West Indies, nesting on the bare

rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The

name is also sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as,

<spn>S. piscator</spn>, the red-footed booby.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A species of penguin of the antarctic seas.</def>





<-- p. 166 -->





<cs><col>Booby hatch</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of

wooden hood over a hatch, readily removable.</cd><-- Colloq.  An

insane asylum. --> -- <col>Booby hut</col>, <cd>a carriage body

put upon sleigh runners. <mark>[Local, U. S.]</mark>

<au>Bartlett</au>.</cd> -- <col>Booby hutch</col>, <cd>a clumsy

covered carriage or seat, used in the eastern part of

England.</cd> <au>Forby</au>. -- <col>Booby trap</col>, <cd>a

schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a door is

opened.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boo"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

characteristics of a booby; stupid.</def>



<hw>Boo"by*ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Stupid; dull.</def>



<hw>Boodh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Buddha</er>.</def>



<au>Malcom.</au>



<hw>Boodh"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Buddhism</er>.</def>



<hw>Boodh"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Buddhist</er>.</def>



<hw>Boo"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Origin

uncertain.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The whole collection or lot;

caboodle.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Money given in payment for votes or political

influence; bribe money; swag.</def> <mark>[Polit. slang, U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Boo`hoe"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boohooed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Boohooing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[An imitative word.]</ety>

<def>To bawl; to cry loudly.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Boo"hoo`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The sailfish; -- called also

<altname>woohoo</altname>.</def>



<hw>Book</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>book</ets>, <ets>bok</ets>, AS. <ets>b<?/c</ets>; akin to

Goth. <ets>b<?/ka</ets> a letter, in pl. book, writing, Icel.

<ets>b<?/k</ets>, Sw. <ets>bok</ets>, Dan. <ets>bog</ets>, OS.

<ets>b<?/k</ets>, D. <ets>boek</ets>, OHG. <ets>puoh</ets>, G.

<ets>buch</ets>; and fr. AS. <ets>b<?/c</ets>, <ets>b<?/ce</ets>,

beech; because the ancient Saxons and Germans in general wrote

runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf. <er>Beech</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A collection of sheets of paper, or similar

material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly,

many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or

writing.</def>



<note><hand/ When blank, it is called a <xex>blank book</xex>.

When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a

volume of some size, from a pamphlet.</note>



<note><hand/ It has been held that, under the copyright law, a

<xex>book</xex> is not necessarily a volume made of many sheets

bound together; it may be printed on a single sheet, as music or

a diagram of patterns.</note>



<au>Abbott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A composition, written or printed; a

treatise.</def>



<q>A good <qex>book</qex> is the precious life blood of a master

spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond

life.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary

work; <as>as, the tenth <ex>book</ex> of \'bdParadise

Lost</as>.\'b8</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A volume or collection of sheets in which

accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and

expenditures, etc.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of

whist; in certain other games, two or more corresponding cards,

forming a set.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Book</xex> is used adjectively or as a part of

many compounds; as, <xex>book</xex> buyer, <xex>book</xex>rack,

<xex>book</xex> club, <xex>book</xex> lore, <xex>book</xex> sale,

<xex>book</xex> trade, memorandum <xex>book</xex>,

cash<xex>book</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Book account</col>, <cd>an account or register of debt

or credit in a book.</cd> -- <col>Book debt</col>, <cd>a debt for

items charged to the debtor by the creditor in his book of

accounts.</cd> -- <col>Book learning</col>, <cd>learning acquired

from books, as distinguished from practical knowledge.</cd>

\'bdNeither does it so much require <xex>book learning<xex> and

scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true and

false.\'b8 <au>Burnet</au>. -- <col>Book louse</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several species of minute,

wingless insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to

the <spn>Pseudoneuroptera</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Book moth</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the name of several species of moths,

the larv\'91 of which eat books.</cd> -- <col>Book oath</col>,

<cd>an oath made on <er>The Book</er>, or Bible.</cd> -- <col>The

Book of Books</col>, <cd>the Bible.</cd> -- <col>Book post</col>,

<cd>a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc., may be

transmitted by mail.</cd> -- <col>Book scorpion</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of the false scorpions

(<spn>Chelifer cancroides</spn>) found among books and papers. It

can run sidewise and backward, and feeds on small insects.</cd>

-- <col>Book stall</col>, <cd>a stand or stall, often in the open

air, for retailing books.</cd> -- <col>Canonical books</col>.

<cd>See <er>Canonical</er>.</cd> -- <col>In one's books</col>,

<cd>in one's favor.</cd>  \'bdI was so much <xex>in his

books<xex>, that at his decease he left me his lamp.\'b8

<au>Addison</au>. -- <col>To bring to book</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To compel to give an account.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

compare with an admitted authority.</cd> \'bd<xex>To bring<xex>

it manifestly <xex>to book<xex> is impossible.\'b8 <au>M.

Arnold</au>. -- <mcol><col>To course by bell</col>,

<col>book</col>, <col>and candle</col></mcol>. <cd>See under

<er>Bell</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make a book</col> <fld>(Horse

Racing)</fld>, <cd>to lay bets (recorded in a pocket book)

against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins on

all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse

or horses.</cd> <cd>-- <col>To speak by the book</col>, <cd>to

speak with minute exactness.</cd> -- <col>Without book</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>By memory.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Without

authority.</cd></cs>



<hw>Book</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp & p.

p.</pos> <er>Booked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Booking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To enter, write,

or register in a book or list.</def>



<q>Let it be <qex>booked</qex> with the rest of this day's

deeds.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the

purpose of securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; <as>as, to be

<ex>booked</ex> for Southampton; to <ex>book</ex> a seat in a

theater.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To mark out for; to destine or assign for;

<as>as, he is <ex>booked</ex> for the valedictory</as>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Here I am <qex>booked</qex> for three days more in Paris.</q>

<qau>Charles Reade.</qau>



<hw>Book"bind`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

occupation is to bind books.</def>



<hw>Book"bind`er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding

books.</def>



<hw>Book"bind`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art, process, or

business of binding books.</def>



<hw>Book"case`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A case

with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed doors.</def>



<hw>Book"craft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Authorship;

literary skill.</def>



<hw>Booked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Registered.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>On the way; destined.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Book"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who enters

accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper.</def>



<hw>Book"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>As much as

will fill a book; a book full.</def> <au>Shak</au>. --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def> Filled with book learning.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdThe <xex>bookful</xex>

blockhead.\'b8</def2>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Book"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A prompter at a theater.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau & Fl.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A support for a book, holding it open, while one

reads or copies from it.</def>



<hw>Book"ing clerk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A clerk who registers

passengers, baggage, etc., for conveyance, as by railway or

steamship, or who sells passage tickets at a booking

office.</def>



<hw>Book"ing of`fice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for

conveyance, as by railway or steamship.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An office where passage tickets are sold.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Book"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Given to

reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than with

men; learned from books.</def>  \'bdA <xex>bookish</xex> man.\'b8

<au>Addison</au>. \'bd<xex>Bookish</xex> skill.\'b8 <au>Bp.

Hall</au>.



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Characterized by a method of expression

generally found in books; formal; labored; pedantic; <as>as, a

<ex>bookish</ex> way of talking; <ex>bookish</ex>

sentences.</as></def>



-- <wordforms><wf>Book"ish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Book"ish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Book"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the books and

accounts in an office.</def>



<hw>Book"keep`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of recording

pecuniary or business transactions in a regular and systematic

manner, so as to show their relation to each other, and the state

of the business in which they occur; the art of keeping accounts.

The books commonly used are a <xex>daybook</xex>,

<xex>cashbook</xex>, <xex>journal</xex>, and <xex>ledger</xex>.

See <er>Daybook</er>, <er>Cashbook</er>, <er>Journal</er>, and

<er>Ledger</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bookkeeping by single entry</col>, <cd>the method of

keeping books by carrying the record of each transaction to the

debit or credit of a single account.</cd> -- <col>Bookkeeping by

double entry</col>, <cd>a mode of bookkeeping in which two

entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to

the Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the

Cr., or right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order

tha<?/ the one entry may check the other; -- sometimes called,

from the place of its origin, the <xex>Italian

method<xex>.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Book"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bock"land`</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/cland</ets>; <ets>b<?/c</ets> book + <ets>land</ets>

land.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Charter land held by

deed under certain rents and free services, which differed in

nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given

rise to the modern freeholds.</def>



<hw>Book"-learned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Versed

in books; having knowledge derived from books.</def> <mark>[Often

in a disparaging sense.]</mark>



<q>Whate'er these <qex>book-learned</qex> blockheads say,

Solon's the veriest fool in all the play.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Book"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without books;

unlearned.</def>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>Book"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A little

book.</def>



<au>T. Arnold.</au>



<hw>Book"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who

gathers his materials from other books; a compiler.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Horse Racing)</fld> <def>A betting man who

\'bdmakes a book.\'b8  See <cref>To make a book</cref>, under

<er>Book</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>Book"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bookmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A studious man; a

scholar.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Book"mark`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

placed in a book to guide in finding a particular page or

passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a

bookplate.</def>



<hw>Book"mate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Book</ets> + <ets>mate</ets>.]</ety> <def>A

schoolfellow; an associate in study.</def>



<hw>Book"mon`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dealer

in books.</def>



<hw>Book" mus`lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of

muslin used for the covers of books.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of thin white muslin for ladies'

dresses.</def>



<hw>Book"plate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A label,

placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position

in a library.</def>



<hw>Book"sell`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

sells books.</def>



<hw>Book"sell`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

employment of selling books.</def>



<hw>Book"shelf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bookshelves</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A shelf to hold

books.</def>



<hw>Book"shop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bookseller's shop.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Book"stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stall or

stand where books are sold.</def>



<hw>Book"stand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a

bookstall.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A stand to hold books for reading or

reference.</def>



<hw>Book"store`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A store

where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a

bookseller's shop.</def>



<hw>Book"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in

distinction from newspaper or job work.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Study; application to books.</def>



<hw>Book"worm`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any larva of a beetle or moth, which

is injurious to books. Many species are known.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A student closely attached to books or addicted

to study; a reader without appreciation.</def>



<q>I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a

<qex>bookworm</qex> as any there.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Book"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bookish.</def>



<hw>Boo"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boolies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>buachail</ets> cowherd; <ets>bo</ets> cow +

<ets>giolla</ets> boy.]</ety> <def>A company of Irish herdsmen,

or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks

and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a

place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle

or their keepers.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>boley</asp>, <asp>bolye</asp>, <asp>bouillie</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Boom</hw> <pr>(b<oomac/m)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boom</ets> tree, pole, beam, bar. See <er>Beam</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A long pole or spar, run out

for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail;

<as>as, the jib <ex>boom</ex>, the studding-sail <ex>boom</ex>,

etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A long spar or beam,

projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of

which the body to be lifted is suspended.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark

the channel in a river or harbor.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil. & Naval)</fld> <def>A strong chain cable,

or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the

mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Lumbering)</fld> <def>A line of connected

floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area

of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away.</def>



<cs><col>Boom iron</col>, <cd>one of the iron rings on the yards

through which the studding-sail booms traverse.</cd> -- <col>The

booms</col>, <cd>that space on the upper deck of a ship between

the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc.,

are stowed.</cd></cs>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Boom</hw> <pr>(b<oomac/m)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To extend, or push, with a boom or pole;

<as>as, to <ex>boom</ex> out a sail; to <ex>boom</ex> off a

boat.</as></def>



<hw>Boom</hw> <pr>(b<oomac/m)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boomed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>,

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Booming</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. <ets>bommen</ets> to hum, D.

<ets>bommen</ets> to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W.

<ets>bwmp</ets> a hollow sound; <ets>aderyn y bwmp</ets>, the

bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. <er>Bum</er>,

<er>Bump</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>, <er>Bomb</er>, <pos>v.

i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cry with a hollow note; to

make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects.</def>



<q>At eve the beetle <qex>boometh</qex>

Athwart the thicket lone.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a hollow sound, as of waves or

cannon.</def>



<q>Alarm guns <qex>booming</qex> through the night air.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under

a press of sail, before a free wind.</def>



<q>She comes <qex>booming</qex> down before it.</q>

<qau>Totten.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To have a rapid growth in market value or in

popular favor; to go on rushingly.</def>



<hw>Boom</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow roar, as

of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a

booming.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A strong and extensive advance, with more or

less noisy excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to

market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to

political chances of aspirants to office; <as>as, a <ex>boom</ex>

in the stock market; a <ex>boom</ex> in coffee.</as></def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to advance rapidly

in price; <as>as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a

\'bdboom\'b8 for; as to <ex>boom</ex> Mr. C. for

senator.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Boom"das</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boom</ets> tree + <ets>das</ets> badger.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small African hyracoid mammal

(<spn>Dendrohyrax arboreus</spn>) resembling the daman.</def>



<hw>Boom"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, booms.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A North American rodent,

so named because it is said to make a booming noise. See

<er>Sewellel</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large male

kangaroo.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>One who works up a \'bdboom\'b8.</def>

<mark>[Slang, U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boom"er*ang</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A very

singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in

some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood,

from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches

wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown

from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very

remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and

the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a

long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and

finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the

place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of

it.</def>



<hw>Boom"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Rushing with

violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or

note; roaring; resounding.</def>



<q>O'er the sea-beat ships the <qex>booming</qex> waters

roar.</q>

<qau>Falcone.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement;

<as>as, <ex>booming</ex> prices; <ex>booming</ex>

popularity.</as></def> <mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boom"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of producing a

hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar;

<as>as, the <ex>booming</ex> of the sea</as>; a deep, hollow

sound; <as>as, the <ex>booming</ex> of bitterns</as>.</def>



<au>Howitt.</au>



<hw>Boom"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Bumkin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Boo"mo*rah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small West African

chevrotain (<spn>Hy\'91moschus aquaticus</spn>), resembling the

musk deer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Boom"slang*e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boom</ets> tree + <ets>slang</ets> snake.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large South African tree snake

(<spn>Bucephalus Capensis</spn>). Although considered venomous by

natives, it has no poison fangs.</def>



<hw>Boon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bone</ets>, <ets>boin</ets>, a petition, fr. Icel.

<ets>b<?/n</ets>; akin to Sw. & Dan. <ets>b<?/n</ets>, AS.

<ets>b<?/n</ets>, and perh. to E. <ets>ban</ets>; but influenced

by F. <ets>bon</ets> good, fr. L. <ets>bonus</ets>. <?/86. See 2d

<er>Ban</er>, <er>Bounty</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prayer

or petition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For which to God he made so many an idle <qex>boon</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is asked or granted as a benefit or

favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present.</def>



<q>Every good gift and every perfect <qex>boon</qex> is from

above.</q>

<qau>James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).</qau>



<hw>Boon</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bon</ets>. See

<er>Boon</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Good;

prosperous; <as>as, <ex>boon</ex> voyage</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kind; bountiful; benign.</def>



<q>Which . . . Nature <qex>boon</qex>

Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Gay; merry; jovial; convivial.</def>



<q>A <qex>boon</qex> companion, loving his bottle.</q>

<qau>Arbuthnot.</qau>



<hw>Boon</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>boon</ets>,

<ets>bune</ets>, <ets>been</ets>, Gael. & Ir. <ets>bunach</ets>

coarse tow, fr. <ets>bun</ets> root, stubble.]</ety> <def>The

woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse

matter by retting, braking, and scutching.</def>



<hw>Boor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boer</ets> farmer, boor; akin to AS. <ets>geb<?/r</ets>

countryman, G. <ets>bauer</ets>; fr. the root of AS.

<ets>b<?/an</ets> to inhabit, and akin to E. <ets>bower</ets>,

<ets>be</ets>. Cf. <er>Neighbor</er>, <er>Boer</er>, and

<er>Big</er> to build.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A husbandman; a

peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a

Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in

manners.</def>



<hw>Boor"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a boor; clownish;

uncultured; unmannerly.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boor"ish*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos> -- <wf>Boor"ish*ness</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<q>Which is in truth a gross and <qex>boorish</qex> opinion.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Boort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bort</er>.</def>



<hw>Boose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'d3s</ets>, <ets>b\'d3sig</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>b\'bess</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'86s</ets>, Dan. <ets>baas</ets>,

stall, G. <ets>banse</ets>, Goth. <ets>bansts</ets> barn, Skr.

<ets>bh\'besas</ets> stall. \'fb252.]</ety> <def>A stall or a

crib for an ox, cow, or other animal.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Boose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink

excessively. See <er>Booze</er>.</def>



<hw>Boos"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A toper; a

guzzler. See <er>Boozer</er>.</def>



<hw>Boost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boosted</er>; <pos>p. pr.

& vb. n.</pos> <er>Boosting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Boast</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To lift or push from

behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to

assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<-- p. 167 -->



<hw>Boost</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A push from

behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help.</def>

<mark>[Colloq. U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bot</ets>, <ets>bote</ets>, adbantage, amends, cure, AS.

<ets>b<?/t</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>b<?/t</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bot</ets>, Dan. <ets>bod</ets>, Goth. <ets>b<?/ta</ets>, D.

<ets>boete</ets>, G. <ets>busse</ets>; prop., a making good or

better, from the root of E. <ets>better</ets>, adj.

<?/255.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Remedy; relief; amends;

reparation; hence, one who brings relief.</def>



<q>He gaf the sike man his <qex>boote</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Thou art <qex>boot</qex> for many a bruise

And healest many a wound.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<q>Next her Son, our soul's best <qex>boot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is given to make an exchange equal,

or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things

exchanged.</def>



<q>I'll give you <qex>boot</qex>, I'll give you three for

one.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Profit; gain; advantage; use.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Then talk no more of flight, it is no <qex>boot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To boot</col>, <cd>in addition; over and above; besides;

as a compensation for the difference of value between things

bartered.</cd></cs>



<q>Helen, to change, would give an eye to <qex>boot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to

drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his

heaviness, and taken a crime to <qex>boot</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Boot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Booted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Booting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To profit; to

advantage; to avail; -- generally followed by <xex>it</xex>; as,

what <xex>boots</xex> it?</def>



<q>What <qex>booteth</qex> it to others that we wish them well,

and do nothing for them?</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>What subdued

To change like this a mind so far imbued

With scorn of man, it little <qex>boots</qex> to know.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>What <qex>boots</qex> to us your victories?</q>

<qau>Southey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To enrich; to benefit; to give in

addition.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And I will <qex>boot</qex> thee with what gift beside

Thy modesty can beg.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Boot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bote</ets>, OF.

<ets>bote</ets>, F. <ets>botte</ets>, LL. <ets>botta</ets>; of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A covering for the foot

and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly

used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland.</def>



<q>So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the

<qex>boots</qex>; for they put a pair of iron <qex>boots</qex>

close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A place at the side of a coach, where attendants

rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the

coach.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A place for baggage at either end of an

old-fashioned stagecoach.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth)

for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and

mud.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Plumbing)</fld> <def>The metal casing and

flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof.</def>



<cs><col>Boot catcher</col>, <cd>the person at an inn whose

business it was to pull off boots and clean them.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Swift</au>.</cd> -- <col>Boot

closer</col>, <cd>one who, or that which, sews the uppers of

boots.</cd> -- <col>Boot crimp</col>, <cd>a frame or device used

by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot.</cd> --

<col>Boot hook</col>, <cd>a hook with a handle, used for pulling

on boots.</cd> -- <col>Boots and saddles</col> <fld>(Cavalry

Tactics)</fld>, <cd>the trumpet call which is the first signal

for mounted drill.</cd> -- <col>Sly boots</col>. <cd>See

<er>Slyboots</er>, in the Vocabulary.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boot</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Booted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Booting</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put boots on,

esp. for riding.</def>



<q>Coated and <qex>booted</qex> for it.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To punish by kicking with a booted foot.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<-- boot out. (obj=a person) (Colloq.) Eject; throw out. -->



<hw>Boot</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To boot one's self; to put

on one's boots.</def>



<hw>Boot</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Booty; spoil.</def> <mark>[Obs.

or R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Boot"black`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

blacks boots.</def>



<hw>Boot"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for

riding; <as>as, a <ex>booted</ex> squire</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having an undivided,

horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the tarsus of some

birds.</def>



<hw>Boot*ee"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A half boot or

short boot.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo*\'94"tes</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Bootes</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets> herdsman, fr.

<ets><?/</ets>, gen. <ets><?/</ets>, ox, cow.]</ety>

<fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>A northern constellation, containing

the bright star Arcturus.</def>



<hw>Booth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bothe</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>b<?/</ets>, Dan. & Sw.

<ets>bod</ets>, MHG. <ets>buode</ets>, G. <ets>bude</ets>,

<ets>baude</ets>; from the same root as AS. <ets>b<?/an</ets> to

dwell, E. <ets>boor</ets>, <ets>bower</ets>, <ets>be</ets>; cf.

Bohem. <ets>bauda</ets>, Pol. <ets>buda</ets>, Russ.

<ets>budka</ets>, Lith. buda, W. <ets>bwth</ets>, pl.

<ets>bythod</ets>, Gael. <ets>buth</ets>, Ir.

<ets>both</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A house or shed built of

boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary

occupation.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair

or market, or at a polling place.</def>



<hw>Boot"hale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boot</ets>, for <ets>booty</ets> +

<ets>hale</ets>.]</ety> <def>To forage for booty; to

plunder.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Boot"hose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers

on horseback.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Booth"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bothy</er>.</def>



<hw>Boot"i*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boot</ets> + <ets>-kin</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A little boot, legging, or gaiter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure

for the gout.</def>



<au>H. Walpole.</au>



<hw>Boot"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Advantage; gain; gain by

plunder; booty.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir. J. Harrington.</au>



<hw>Boot"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of

torture. See <er>Boot</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>A kicking, as with a booted foot.</def>

<mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boot"jack`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A device

for pulling off boots.</def>



<hw>Boot"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Boot</er> profit.]</ety> <def>Unavailing; unprofitable;

useless; without advantage or success.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>I'll follow him no more with <qex>bootless</qex> prayers.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Boot"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

</wf>Boot"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Boot"lick`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

toady.</def> <mark>[Low, U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Boot"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

makes boots.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Boot"mak`ing</wf>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Boots</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A servant at a

hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and

shoes.</def>



<hw>Boot"top`ping</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The act or process of daubing a vessel's

bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow,

sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms,

after the slime, shells, etc., have been scraped off.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Sheathing a vessel with

planking over felt.</def>



<hw>Boot"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boot</ets> + <ets>tree</ets> wood, timber.]</ety>

<def>An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot,

consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between

which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.</def>



<q>The pretty boots trimly stretched on <qex>boottrees</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Boo"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>b<?/ti</ets> exchange, barter, Sw. <ets>byte</ets> barter,

booty, Dan. <ets>bytte</ets>; akin to D. <ets>buit</ets> booty,

G. <ets>beute</ets>, and fr. Icel. <ets>byta</ets>, Sw.

<ets>byta</ets>, Dan. <ets>bytte</ets>, to distribute, exchange.

The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by

<ets>boot</ets> profit.]</ety> <def>That which is seized by

violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil

taken in war; plunder; pillage.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>To play booty</col>, <cd>to play dishonestly, with an

intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at

first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize

him afterwards. <mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Booze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boozed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Boozing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[D. <ets>buizen</ets>; akin to G. <ets>bausen</ets>, and

perh. fr. D. <ets>buis</ets> tube, channel, <ets>bus</ets> box,

jar.]</ety> <def>To drink greedily or immoderately, esp.

alcoholic liquor; to tipple.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bouse</asp>, and <asp>boose</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Landor.</au>



<q>This is better than <qex>boozing</qex> in public houses.</q>

<qau>H. R. Haweis.</qau>



<hw>Booze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A carouse; a drinking.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Booz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who boozes;

a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser.</def>



<hw>Booz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>A little

intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<hw>Bo*peep"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Bo</ets>

+ <ets>peep</ets>.]</ety> <def>The act of looking out suddenly,

as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by

children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back,

as if frightened.</def>



<q>I for sorrow sung,

That such a king should play <qex>bopeep</qex>,

And go the fools among.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bor"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being bored.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bo*rach"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>borracha</ets> a leather bottle for wine,

<ets>borracho</ets> drunk, fr. <ets>borra</ets> a lamb.]</ety>

<def>A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin

of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You're an absolute <qex>borachio</qex>.</q>

<qau>Congreve.</qau>



<hw>Bo*rac"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>boracique</ets>. See <er>Borax</er>.]</ety> <def>Pertaining

to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; <as>as,

<ex>boracic</ex> acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Bo"ra*cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in

isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with

magnesium chloride.</def>



<hw>Bo"ra*cous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Relating to, or obtained from, borax;

containing borax.</def>



<hw>Bor"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>borage</ets> (cf. F. <ets>bourrache</ets>, It.

<ets>borraggine</ets>, <ets>borrace</ets>, LL. <ets>borago</ets>,

<ets>borrago</ets>, LGr. <ets><?/</ets>), fr. LL.

<ets>borra</ets>, F. <ets>bourre</ets>, hair of beasts, flock; so

called from its hairy leaves.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is

used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.</def>



<hw>Bor"age*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Plant of

the Borage family.</def>



<hw>Bo*rag`i*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family

of plants (<spn>Boraginace\'91</spn>) which includes the borage,

heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants.</def>



<hw>Bor`a*gin"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Relating to the Borage tribe;

boraginaceous.</def>



<hw>Bor"a*mez</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Barometz</er>.</def>



<hw>Bo"rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Boric</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt formed by

the combination of boric acid with a base or positive

radical.</def>



<hw>Bo"rax</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boras</ets>, fr. F. <ets>borax</ets>, earlier spelt

<ets>borras</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>borax</ets>, Sp.

<ets>borraj</ets>; all fr. Ar. <ets>b<?/rag</ets>, fr. Pers.

<ets>b<?/rah</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white or gray crystalline salt,

with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering

metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a

soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made

from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally

obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the

name of <xex>tincal</xex>. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate

of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O.</def>



<cs><col>Borax bead</col>. <cd><fld>(Chem.)</fld> See

<er>Bead</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 3.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bor"bo*rygm</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>borborygme</ets>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, fr. <ets><?/</ets>

to rumble in the bowels.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A rumbling

or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Bord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A board; a

table.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The face of coal parallel to

the natural fissures.</def>



<hw>Bord</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bourd</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bord"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bordagium</ets>.]</ety> <def>The base or servile tenure by

which a bordar held his cottage.</def>



<hw>Bord"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bordarius</ets>, fr. <ets>borda</ets> a cottage; of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A villein who rendered menial

service for his cottage; a cottier.</def>



<q>The cottar, the <qex>bordar</qex>, and the laborer were bound

to aid in the work of the home farm.</q>

<qau>J. R. Green.</qau>



<hw>Bor*deaux"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Bordeaux in the south of France.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> 

<def>A claret wine from Bordeaux.</def></def2>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bor"del</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bor*del"lo</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bordel</ets>,

orig. a little hut, OF. <ets>borde</ets> hut, cabin, of German

origin, and akin to E. <ets>board</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>See.

<er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A brothel; a

bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bor`de*lais"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or

to the district around Bordeaux.</def>



<hw>Bor"del*ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A keeper or

a frequenter of a brothel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<hw>Bor"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bordure</ets>, F. <ets>bordure</ets>, fr. <ets>border</ets>

to border, fr. <ets>bord</ets> a border; of German origin; cf.

MHG. borte border, trimming, G. <ets>borte</ets> trimming,

ribbon; akin to E. <ets>board</ets> in sense 8. See

<er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Bordure</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The outer part or edge of anything, as of a

garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink.</def>



<q>Upon the <qex>borders</qex> of these solitudes.</q>

<qau>Bentham.</qau>



<q>In the <qex>borders</qex> of death.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the

settled part of a country; a frontier district.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strip or stripe arranged along or near the

edge of something, as an ornament or finish.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A narrow flower bed.</def>



<cs><col>Border land</col>, <cd>land on the frontiers of two

adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively;

as, the <xex>border land<xex> of science.</cd> -- <mcol><col>The

Border</col>, <col>The Borders</col></mcol>, <cd>specifically,

the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie

adjacent.</cd> -- <col>Over the border</col>, <cd>across the

boundary line or frontier.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary;

confine.</syn>



<hw>Bor"der</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bordered</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bordering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; --

with <xex>on</xex> or <xex>upon</xex> as, Connecticut

<xex>borders</xex> on Massachusetts.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To approach; to come near to; to verge.</def>



<q>Wit which <qex>borders</qex> upon profaneness deserves to be

branded as folly.</q>

<qau>Abp. Tillotson.</qau>



<hw>Bor"der</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a

border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; <as>as, to

<ex>border</ex> a garment or a garden</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or

be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or

boundary; <as>as, the region <ex>borders</ex> a forest, or is

<ex>bordered</ex> on the north by a forest</as>.</def>



<q>The country is <qex>bordered</qex> by a broad tract called the

\'bdhot region.\'b8</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>Shebah and Raamah . . . <qex>border</qex> the sea called the

Persian gulf.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To confine within bounds; to limit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>That nature, which contemns its origin,

Can not be <qex>bordered</qex> certain in itself.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bor"der*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a

country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place

or region.</def>



<q><qex>Borderers</qex> of the Caspian.</q>

<qau>Dyer.</qau>



<hw>Bord"land`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) +

<ets>land</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Either land

held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the

maintenance of his board, or table.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>Bord"lode`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) +

<ets>lode</ets> leading.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The

service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the

woods to the lord's house.</def>



<au>Bailey. Mozley & W.</au>



<hw>Bord"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) +

<ets>man</ets>.]</ety> <def>A bordar; a tenant in bordage.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bord"rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bord"ra`ging</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from OE.

<ets>bord</ets>, for <ets>border + raging</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bodrage</er>.]</ety> <def>An incursion upon the borders of a

country; a raid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bord" serv`ice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Bordar</ets> (or

perh. <ets>bord</ets> a board) + <ets>service</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Service due from a bordar;

bordage.</def>



<hw>Bor"dure</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bordure</ets>. See <er>Border</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A border one fifth the width of the

shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be

charged.</def>



<hw>Bore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bored</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Boring</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>borien</ets>, AS. <ets>borian</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>bora</ets>, Dan. <ets>bore</ets>, D. <ets>boren</ets>, OHG.

<ets>por<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>bohren</ets>, L. <ets>forare</ets>,

Gr. <ets><?/</ets> to plow, Zend <ets>bar</ets>. <root/91.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by

turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a

round hole in or through; to pierce; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> a

plank</as>.</def>



<q>I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be

<qex>bored</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To form or enlarge by means of a boring

instrument or apparatus; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> a steam

cylinder or a gun barrel; to <ex>bore</ex> a hole.</as></def>



<q>Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can

<qex>bore</qex>, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage

through the most solid wood.</q>

<qau>T. W. Harris.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in

boring; <as>as, to <ex>bore</ex> one's way through a crowd</as>;

to force a narrow and difficult passage through.</def> \'bdWhat

bustling crowds I <xex>bored</xex>.\'b8



<au>Gay.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to

tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester.</def>



<q>He <qex>bores</qex> me with some trick.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Used to come and <qex>bore</qex> me at rare intervals.</q>

<qau>Carlyle.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To befool; to trick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned,

Baffled and <qex>bored</qex>, it seems.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<hw>Bore</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make a hole

or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a

circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; <as>as, to

<ex>bore</ex> for water or oil (<ex>i</ex></as>. <xex>e</xex>.,

to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to <xex>bore</xex>

with a gimlet; to <xex>bore</xex> into a tree (as insects).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument

that cuts as it turns; <as>as, this timber does not <ex>bore</ex>

well, or is hard to <ex>bore</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To push forward in a certain direction with

laborious effort.</def>



<q>They take their flight . . . <qex>boring</qex> to the

west.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<-- p. 168 -->



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Ma<?/<?/)</fld> <def>To shoot out the nose or

toss it in the air; <?/ said of a horse.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<hw>Bore</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hole

made by boring; a perforation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun,

cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube.</def>



<q>The <qex>bores</qex> of wind instruments.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Love's counselor should fill the <qex>bores</qex> of

hearing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a

tube or gun barrel; the caliber.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A tool for making a hole by boring, as an

auger.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Caliber; importance.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Yet are they much too light for the <qex>bore</qex> of the

matter.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or

dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which

causes ennui.</def>



<q>It is as great a <qex>bore</qex> as to hear a poet read his

own verses.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Bore</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>b\'bera</ets> wave:

cf. G. <ets>empor</ets> upwards, OHG. <ets>bor</ets> height,

<ets>burren</ets> to lift, perh. allied to AS. <ets>beran</ets>,

E. 1st <er>bear</er>. <root/92.]</ety> <fld>(Physical

Geog.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tidal flood which regularly or

occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration

or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt

front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the

mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in

India, and the Tsien-tang, in China.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Less

properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt,

such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British

Channel.</def>



<hw>Bore</hw>, <def><pos>imp.</pos> of 1st & 2d

<er>Bear</er>.</def>



<hw>Bo"re*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>borealis</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bor\'82al</ets>. See

<er>Boreas</er>.]</ety> <def>Northern; pertaining to the north,

or to the north wind; <as>as, a <ex>boreal</ex> bird; a

<ex>boreal</ex> blast.</as></def>



<q>So from their own clear north in radiant streams,

Bright over Europe bursts the <qex>boreal</qex> morn.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bo"re*as</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>boreas</ets>, Gr. <ets><?/</ets>.]</ety> <def>The north

wind; -- usually a personification.</def>



<hw>Bore"cole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>boerenkool</ets> (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.]</ety> <def>A

brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves,

which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but

are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale.</def>



<hw>Bore"dom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of

ennui.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The realm of bores; bores, collectively.</def>



<hw>Bo*ree"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bourr\'90\'82</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bor"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Borrel</er>.</def>



<hw>Bor"e*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The smaller two-horned rhinoceros of

South Africa (<spn>Atelodus bicornis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bor"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

that bores; an instrument for boring.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A marine,

bivalve mollusk, of the genus <spn>Teredo</spn> and allies, which

burrows in wood. See <er>Teredo</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

bivalve mollusk (<spn>Saxicava</spn>, <spn>Lithodomus</spn>,

etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>One of the larv\'91 of many species of insects,

which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See

<cref>Apple borer</cref>, under <er>Apple</er>.</def>

<sd>(d)</sd> <def>The hagfish (<spn>Myxine</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bo"ric</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron.</def>



<cs><col>Boric acid</col>, <cd>a white crystalline substance

<chform>B(OH)3</chform>, easily obtained from its salts, and

occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bo"ride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic

element or radical; -- formerly called

<altname>boruret</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bor"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

act or process of one who, or that which, bores; <as>as, the

<ex>boring</ex> of cannon; the <ex>boring</ex> of piles and ship

timbers by certain marine mollusks.</as></def>



<q>One of the most important applications of <qex>boring</qex> is

in the formation of artesian wells.</q>

<qau>Tomlinson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A hole made by boring.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The chips or fragments made by

boring.</def>



<cs><col>Boring bar</col>, <cd>a revolving or stationary bar,

carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes.</cd>

-- <col>Boring tool</col> <fld>(Metal Working)</fld>, <cd>a

cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round

holes.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Born</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bear</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Brought

forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by

birth.</def>



<q>No one could be <qex>born</qex> into slavery in Mexico.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having from birth a certain character; by or

from birth; by nature; innate; <as>as, a born liar</as>.</def>

\'bdA <xex>born</xex> matchmaker.\'b8



<au>W. D. Howells.</au>



<cs><col>Born again</col> <fld>(Theol.)</fld>, <cd>regenerated;

renewed; having received spiritual life.</cd> \'bdExcept a man be

<xex>born again<xex>, he can not see the kingdom of God.\'b8

<au>John iii. 3</au>. -- <col>Born days</col>, <cd>days since one

was born; lifetime.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Borne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos> of <er>Bear</er>.

<def>Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See <er>Bear</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Bor"ne*ol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Borneo</ets> + <ets>-ol</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A rare variety of camphor,

<chform>C10H17.OH</chform>, resembling ordinary camphor, from

which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the

camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (<spn>Dryobalanops

camphora</spn>), but the natural borneol is rarely found in

European or American commerce, being in great request by the

Chinese. Called also <altname>Borneo camphor</altname>,

<altname>Malay camphor</altname>, and

<altname>camphol</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bor"nite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Von <ets>Born</ets>, a mineralogist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and

sulphur; -- also called <altname>purple copper ore</altname> (or

<altname>erubescite</altname>), in allusion to the colors shown

upon the slightly tarnished surface.</def>



<hw>Bo`ro*flu"or*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>fluoride</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen,

or some other positive element, or radical; -- called also

<altname>fluoboride</altname>, and formerly

<altname>fluoborate</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bo"ro*glyc"er*ide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>glyceride</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound of boric acid and glycerin,

used as an antiseptic.</def>



<hw>Bo"ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Borax</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A nonmetallic

element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with

difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several

different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a

semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to

the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature

also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals.

Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.</def>



<hw>Bo"ro*sil"i*cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boron</ets> + <ets>silicate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A double salt of boric and silicic acids,

as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc.</def>



<hw>Bor"ough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burgh</ets>, <ets>burw</ets>, <ets>boru</ets>, port, town,

burrow, AS. <ets>burh</ets>, <ets>burg</ets>; akin to Icel., Sw.,

& Dan. <ets>borg</ets>, OS. & D. <ets>burg</ets>, OHG. puruc,

purc, MHG. <ets>burc</ets>, G. <ets>burg</ets>, Goth.

<ets>ba\'a3rgs</ets>; and from the root of AS. <ets>beorgan</ets>

to hide, save, defend, G. <ets>bergen</ets>; or perh. from that

of AS. <ets>beorg</ets> hill, mountain. <?/95. See <er>Bury</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Burrow</er>, <er>Burg</er>,

<er>Bury</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, <er>Burgess</er>, <er>Iceberg</er>,

<er>Borrow</er>, <er>Harbor</er>, <er>Hauberk</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>In England, an incorporated town that is not a

city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland,

a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain

district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction;

in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania

and Connecticut.</def>



<au>Burrill. Erskine.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The collective body of citizens or inhabitants

of a borough; <as>as, the <ex>borough</ex> voted to lay a

tax</as>.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>Close borough</col>, <or/ <col>Pocket

borough</col></mcol>, <cd>a borough having the right of sending a

member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a

single person.</cd> -- <col>Rotten borough</col>, <cd>a name

given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the

Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the

privilege of sending a member to Parliament.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bor"ough</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Borrow</er>.]</ety> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the

king for the good behavior of each other.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The pledge or surety thus given.</def>



<au>Blackstone. Tomlins.</au>



<hw>Bor"ough-Eng"lish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which

lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the

eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest

brother.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Bor"ough*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Headborough</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bor"ough*hold"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

headborough; a borsholder.</def>



<hw>Bor"ough*mas"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Burgomaster</er>.]</ety> <def>The mayor, governor, or bailiff

of a borough.</def>



<hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger*ing</hw>, <hw>Bor"ough*mon"ger*y</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The practices of a

boroughmonger.</def>



<hw>Bor*rach"o</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Borachio</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Bor"rage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Bor*rag`i*na"ceous</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>,

etc.</mhw> <def>See <er>Borage</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, etc.</def>



<hw>Bor"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>burel</ets> a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F.

<ets>bure</ets> drugget. See <er>Bureau</er>. Rustic and common

people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its

color.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse

clothing; a garment.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool.</def>



<hw>Bor"rel</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from <er>Borrel</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the

laity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bor"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Borrowed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Borrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>borwen</ets>, AS.

<ets>borgian</ets>, fr. <ets>borg</ets>, <ets>borh</ets>, pledge;

akin to D. <ets>borg</ets>, G. <ets>borg</ets>; prob. fr. root of

AS. <ets>beorgan</ets> to protect. <?/95. See 1st

<er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To receive from another

as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning

the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite

of <xex>lend</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arith.)</fld> <def>To take (one or more) from

the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next

lower; -- a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend

is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To copy or imitate; to adopt; <as>as, to

<ex>borrow</ex> the style, manner, or opinions of

another</as>.</def>



<q>Rites <qex>borrowed</qex> from the ancients.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to

<qex>borrow</qex> good words and holy sayings in abundance; but

to make them his own is a work of grace only from above.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To feign or counterfeit.</def>

\'bd<xex>Borrowed</xex> hair.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>The <qex>borrowed</qex> majesty of England.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To receive; to take; to derive.</def>



<q>Any drop thou <qex>borrowedst</qex> from thy mother.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To borrow trouble</col>, <cd>to be needlessly troubled;

to be overapprehensive.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bor"row</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Something

deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ye may retain as <qex>borrows</qex> my two priests.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of borrowing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of your royal presence I'll adventure

The <qex>borrow</qex> of a week.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bor"row*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

borrows.</def>



<q>Neither a <qex>borrower</qex> nor a lender be.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bors"hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>borsolder</ets>; prob. fr. AS. <ets>borg</ets>, gen.

<ets>borges</ets>, pledge + <ets>ealdor</ets> elder. See

<er>Borrow</er>, and <er>Elder</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>The head or chief of a tithing, or

borough (see 2d <er>Borough</er>); the headborough; a parish

constable.</def>



<au>Spelman.</au>



<hw>Bort</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Imperfectly

crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting

good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary

work.</def>



<hw>Bo"ru*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A boride.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bor"we</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Pledge;

borrow.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., ox,

cow.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of ruminant

quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished

by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging

from the neck.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar.

<ets>b<?/za</ets>, Pers. <ets>b<?/zah</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bosan</ets>.]</ety> <def>A drink, used in the East. See

<er>Boza</er>.</def>



<hw>Bos"cage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>boscage</ets> grove, F. <ets>bocage</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>boscus</ets>, <ets>buscus</ets>, thicket, wood. See 1st

<er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A growth of trees or

shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded

landscape.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld> <def>Food or sustenance for

cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on

wood.</def>



<hw>Bosh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>posse</ets> joke, trifle; It. <ets>bozzo</ets> a rough

stone, <ets>bozzetto</ets> a rough sketch, <ets>s-bozzo</ets> a

rough draught, sketch.]</ety> <def>Figure; outline; show.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bosh</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Turk.]</ety> <def>Empty talk;

contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bosh</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boshes</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. G. <ets>b\'94schung</ets> a

slope.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a

blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the

bed of a puddling or boiling furnace.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The lower part of a blast

furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of

this part.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools

and ingots are cooled.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bosh"bok</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bosch</ets> wood + <ets>bok</ets> buck.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of antelope. See <er>Bush

buck</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bosh"vark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bosch</ets> wood + <ets>varken</ets> pig.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bush hog. See under <er>Bush</er>,

a thicket.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bos"jes*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><def>;

<ets>pl</ets>. <er>Bosjesmans</er>. [D.

<ets>boschjesman</ets>.]</ety> <def>See <er>Bushman</er>.</def>



<hw>Bosk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bosket</er>.]</ety> <def>A thicket; a small wood.</def>

\'bdThrough <xex>bosk</xex> and dell.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bos"kage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Boscage</er>.</def>



<q>Thridding the somber <qex>boskage</qex> of the wood.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bos"ket</hw>, <hw>Bos"quet</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bosquet</ets> a little wood, dim. fr.

LL. <ets>boscus</ets>. See <er>Boscage</er>, and cf.

<er>Bouquet</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gardening)</fld> <def>A grove; a

thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees,

regularly or irregularly disposed.</def>



<hw>Bosk"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Boscage;

also, the state or quality of being bosky.</def>



<hw>Bosk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Bushy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Woody or bushy; covered

with boscage or thickets.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Caused by boscage.</def>



<q>Darkened over by long <qex>bosky</qex> shadows.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<hw>Bos"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b<?/sm</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bozem</ets>, Fries.

<ets>b<?/sm</ets>, OHG. <ets>puosum</ets>, G. <ets>busen</ets>,

and prob. E. <ets>bough</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The breast

of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything

is pressed when embraced by them.</def>



<q>You must prepare your <qex>bosom</qex> for his knife.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The breast, considered as the seat of the

passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness;

se<?/<?/et thoughts.</def>



<q>Tut, I am in their <qex>bosoms</qex>, and I know

Wherefore they do it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity

in my <qex>bosom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job xxxi. 33.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure;

fold.</def>



<q>Within the <qex>bosom</qex> of that church.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Any thing or place resembling the breast; a

supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; <as>as, the

<ex>bosom</ex> of the earth</as>.</def> \'bdThe <xex>bosom</xex>

of the ocean.\'b8



<au>Addison.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an

article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the

breast; <as>as, the <ex>bosom</ex> of a shirt; a linen

<ex>bosom</ex>.</as></def>



<q>He put his hand into his <qex>bosom</qex>: and when he took it

out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow.</q>

<qau>Ex. iv. 6.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Inclination; desire.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A depression round the eye of a millstone.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bos"om</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining

to the bosom.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted;

cherished; beloved; <as>as, a bosom friend</as>.</def>



<hw>Bos"om</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[p. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Bosomed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bosoming</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose or

carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to

cherish.</def>



<q><qex>Bosom</qex> up my counsel,

You'll find it wholesome.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom.</def>



<q>To happy convents <qex>bosomed</qex> deep in vines.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Bos"omed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having, or

resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden.</def>



<hw>Bos"om*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characterized

by recesses or sheltered hollows.</def>



<hw>Bo"son</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boatswain</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bos*po"ri*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Bosporus</ets>, G. <ets><?/</ets>, lit., <ets>ox-ford</ets>,

the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a

heifer; fr. <ets><?/</ets> ox, heifer + <ets><?/</ets>

ford.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the

Cimmerian Bosporus.</def>



<q>The Alans forced the <qex>Bosporian</qex> kings to pay them

tribute and exterminated the Taurians.</q>

<qau>Tooke.</qau>



<hw>Bos"po*rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.]</ety>

<def>A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a

seas; <as>as, the <ex>Bosporus</ex> (formerly the Thracian

Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and

Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian <ex>Bosporus</ex>, between the

Black Sea and Sea of Azof.</as></def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>Bosphorus</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bos"quet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bosket</er>.</def>



<hw>Boss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bosses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>boce</ets>,

<ets>bose</ets>, <ets>boche</ets>, OF. <ets>boce</ets>,

<ets>boche</ets>, <ets>bosse</ets>, F. <ets>bosse</ets>, of G.

origin; cf. OHG. <ets>b\'d3zo</ets> tuft, bunch, OHG.

<ets>b\'d3zan</ets>, MHG. <ets>b\'93zen</ets>, to beat. See

<er>Beat</er>, and cf. <er>Botch</er> a swelling.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or

body; a knoblike process; <as>as, a <ex>boss</ex> of

wood</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A protuberant ornament on any work, either of

different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon

a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a

shield. See <er>Umbilicus</er>.</def>



<-- p. 169 -->



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting ornament placed

at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or

flat, and in other situations.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <ety>[Cf. D. <ets>bus</ets> box, Dan.

<ets>b\'94sse</ets>.]</ety> <def>A wooden vessel for the mortar

used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from

the rounds of a ladder.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The enlarged

part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where

it is coupled to another.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A swage or die

used for shaping metals.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A head or reservoir of water.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Boss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bossed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bossing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bocen</ets>, fr. OF. <ets>bocier</ets>. See the

preceding word.]</ety> <def>To ornament with bosses; to

stud.</def>



<hw>Boss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>baas</ets>

master.]</ety> <def>A master workman or superintendent; a

director or manager; a political dictator.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.

S.]</mark>



<hw>Boss"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bossage</ets>, fr. <ets>bosse</ets>. See <er>Boss</er> a

stud.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A stone in a

building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into

shape.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Rustic work, consisting of

stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by

reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings.</def>



<au>Gwilt.</au>



<hw>Bossed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Embossed; also,

bossy.</def>



<hw>Bos"set</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Boss</er> a stud.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer.</def>



<hw>Boss"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The rule or

practices of bosses, esp. political bosses.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Boss"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ornamented with

bosses; studded.</def>



<hw>Bos"sy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. fr. Prov. E.

<ets>boss</ets> in <ets>boss-calf</ets>, <ets>buss-calf</ets>,

for <ets>boose-calf</ets>, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See

1st <er>Boose</er>.]</ety> <def>A cow or calf; -- familiarly so

called.</def> <mark>[U. S.]</mark>



<hw>Bos"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A game at

cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards

each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to

have been invented by officers of the French army in America

during the Revolutionary war.</def>



<hw>Bos*well"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating

to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of Dr.

Johnson.</def>



<hw>Bos"well*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The style

of Boswell.</def>



<hw>Bot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bots</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bo*tan"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bo*tan"ic*al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>botanique</ets>. See <er>Botany</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; <as>as, a

<ex>botanical</ex> system, arrangement, textbook,

expedition</as>.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Botan"ic*al*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<cs><col>Botanic garden</col>, <cd>a garden devoted to the

culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the

science of botany.</cd> -- <col>Botanic physician</col>, <cd>a

physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and

roots.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bot"a*nist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>botaniste</ets>.]</ety> <def>One skilled in botany; one

versed in the knowledge of plants.</def>



<hw>Bot"a*nize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Botanized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Botanizing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>botaniser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To seek after plants for

botanical investigation; to study plants.</def>



<hw>Bot"a*nize</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To explore for

botanical purposes.</def>



<hw>Bot"a*ni`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

botanizes.</def>



<hw>Bot`a*nol"o*ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

botanist.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bot`a*nol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Botany</ets> + <ets>-logy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>botanologie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of botany.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Bot"a*no*man`cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Botany</ets> + <ets>-mancy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>botanomantie</ets>.]</ety> <def>An ancient species of

divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves.</def>



<hw>Bot"a*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Botanies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>botanique</ets>, <pos>a. & n.</pos>, fr. Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

botanic, fr. <ets><?/</ets> herb, plant, fr. <ets><?/</ets> to

feed, graze.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The science which treats of

the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their

places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are

employed in their description and denomination. See

<er>Plant</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book which treats of the science of

botany.</def>



<note><hand/ Botany is divided into various departments; as,

<col>Structural Botany</col>, which investigates the structure

and organic composition of plants; <col>Physiological

Botany</col>, the study of their functions and life; and

<col>Systematic Botany</col>, which has to do with their

classification, description, nomenclature, etc.</note>



<hw>Bot"a*ny Bay"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A harbor on the east

coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; --

so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its

discovery by Cook in 1770.</def>



<note>Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort.</note>



<cs><col>Botany Bay kino</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an

astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice

of several Australian species of <spn>Eucalyptus</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Botany Bay resin</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a resin of

reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of

different Australian species of <spn>Xanthorrh\'91a</spn>, esp.

the grass three <spn>(X. hastilis.)</spn></cd></cs>



<hw>Bo*tar"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>bottarga</ets>, <ets>bottarica</ets>; or Sp.

<ets>botarga</ets>; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide

breeches: cf. F. <ets>boutargue</ets>.]</ety> <def>A sort of cake

or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on

the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink.</def>



<hw>Botch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Botches</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Same as Boss a stud.

For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. <ets>botsen</ets> to beat, akin to E.

<ets>beat</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A swelling on the skin;

a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<q><qex>Botches</qex> and blains must all his flesh emboss.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched

or mended in a clumsy manner.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy

performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the

doing, or not properly finished; a bungle.</def>



<q>To leave no rubs nor <qex>botches</qex> in the work.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Botch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Botched</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Botching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See

<er>Botch</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To mark

with, or as with, botches.</def>



<q>Young Hylas, <qex>botched</qex> with stains.</q>

<qau>Garth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or

imperfect manner, as a garment; -- sometimes with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>Sick bodies . . . to be kept and <qex>botched</qex> up for a

time.</q>

<qau>Robynson (More's Utopia).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to

express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by

unskillful work.</def>



<q>For treason <qex>botched</qex> in rhyme will be thy bane.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Botch"ed*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

clumsy manner.</def>



<hw>Botch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon; a

grilse.</def>



<hw>Botch"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bungling; awkward.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Botch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A botching,

or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless

workmanship.</def>



<hw>Botch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Marked with

botches; full of botches; poorly done.</def> \'bdThis

<xex>botchy</xex> business.\'b8



<au>Bp. Watson.</au>



<hw>Bote</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Old form of

<ets>boot</ets>; -- used in composition. See 1st

<er>Boot</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; <as>as, man

<ex>bote</ex>, a compensation or a man slain</as>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>Payment of any kind.</def> <au>Bouvier</au>.

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A privilege or allowance of necessaries.</def>



<note><hand/ This word is still used in composition as equivalent

to the French <xex>estovers</xex>, supplies, necessaries; as,

house<xex>bote</xex>, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or

for fuel, sometimes called fire<xex>bote</xex>; so

plow<xex>bote</xex>, cart<xex>bote</xex>, wood for making or

repairing instruments of husbandry; hay<xex>bote</xex> or

hedge<xex>bote</xex>, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were

privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system.



<au>Burrill.</au> <au>Bouvier.</au>  <au>Blackstone.</au>

</note>



<hw>Bote"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unavailing; in vain. See

<er>Bootless</er>.</def>



<hw>Bot"fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dipterous insect of the family

(<spn>Estrid\'91</spn>, of many different species, some of which

are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse,

ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species

is one of the botflies of the horse (<spn>Gastrophilus

equi</spn>), the larv\'91 of which (<xex>bots</xex>) are taken

into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months

and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one

species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the

stomach. See <er>Gadfly</er>.</def>



<hw>Both</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a. or pron.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bothe</ets>, <ets>ba<?/e</ets>, fr. Icel.

<ets>b\'be<?/ir</ets>; akin to Dan. <ets>baade</ets>, Sw.

<ets>b\'86da</ets>, Goth. <ets>baj<?/<?/s</ets>, OHG.

<ets>beid<?/</ets>, <ets>b<?/d<?/</ets>, G. & D.

<ets>beide</ets>, also AS. <ets>begen</ets>, <ets>b\'be</ets>,

<ets>b<?/</ets>, Goth. <ets>bai</ets>, and Gr. <ets><?/</ets>, L.

<ets>ambo</ets>, Lith. <ets>ab\'85</ets>, OSlav. <ets>oba</ets>,

Skr. <ets>ubha</ets>. <root/310. Cf. <er>Amb</er>-.]</ety>

<def>The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception

of either.</def>



<note><hand/ It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as,

both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it

is used substantively, and followed by <xex>of</xex>.</note>



<note>It frequently stands as a pronoun.</note>



<q>She alone is heir to <qex>both</qex> of us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and

<qex>both</qex> of them made a covenant.</q>

<qau>Gen. xxi. 27.</qau>



<q>He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the

loss of his estate; but he will bear <qex>both</qex>, because he

is prepared for <qex>both</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bolingbroke.</qau>



<note>It is often used in apposition with nouns or

pronouns.</note>



<q>Thy weal and woe are <qex>both</qex> of them extremes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This said, they <qex>both</qex> betook them several ways.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note><xex>Both</xex> now always precedes any other attributive

words; as, <xex>both</xex> their armies; both our eyes.</note>



<note><xex>Both of</xex> is used before pronouns in the objective

case; as, <xex>both of</xex> us, them, whom, etc.; but before

substantives its used is colloquial, <xex>both</xex> (without

<it>of</it>) being the preferred form; as, <xex>both</xex> the

brothers.</note>



<hw>Both</hw>, <pos>conj.</pos> <def>As well; not only;

equally.</def>



<note><xex>Both</xex> precedes the first of two co\'94rdinate

words or phrases, and is followed by <it>and</it> before the

other, <xex>both</xex> . . . <it>and</it> . . . ; as well the one

as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former

and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two

co\'94rdinate words, connected by <it>and</it> expressed or

understood.</note>



<q>To judge <qex>both</qex> quick and dead.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A masterpiece <qex>both</qex> for argument and style.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>To whom <qex>bothe</qex> heven and erthe and see is sene.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q><qex>Both</qex> mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<q>He prayeth well who loveth well

<qex>Both</qex> man and bird and beast.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Both"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bothered</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bothering</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. Ir. <ets>buaidhirt</ets> trouble, <ets>buaidhrim</ets>

I vex.]</ety> <def>To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex.

See <er>Pother</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation

mildly imprecatory.</note>



<hw>Both"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To feel care or anxiety;

to make or take trouble; to be troublesome.</def>



<q>Without <qex>bothering</qex> about it.</q>

<qau>H. James.</qau>



<hw>Both"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or that which,

bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry;

disturbance; petty trouble; <as>as, to be in a

<ex>bother</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Both`er*a"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act

of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble;

perplexity; annoyance; vexation.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Both"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bothers.</def>



<hw>Both"er*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Vexatious;

causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.</def>



<hw>Both"-hands`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

factotum.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He is his master's <qex>both-hands</qex>, I assure you.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Both"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bothy</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Both"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Both"nic</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same

name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea.</def>



<hw>\'d8Both*ren"chy*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets> pit + <ets><?/</ets> something poured

in. Formed like <ets>parenchyma</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in

many kinds of wood.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Both"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <hw>Booth"y</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>-ies</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr></plu> <ety>[Scottish. Cf. <er>Booth</er>.]</ety>

<def>A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for

unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a

booth.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bo`to*cu"dos</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Pg. <ets>botoque</ets> stopple. So called because they wear

a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.]</ety> <def>A Brazilian

tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; -- also called

<xex>Aymbor\'82s</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bo" tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at

Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under

which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so

to have become Buddha.</def>



<q>The sacred <qex>bo tree</qex> of the Buddhists (<spn>Ficus

religiosa</spn>), which is planted close to every temple, and

attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god

himself.  . . . It differs from the banyan (<spn>Ficus

Indica</spn>) by sending down no roots from its branches.</q>

<qau>Tennent.</qau>



<hw>Bot"ry*o*gen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> cluster of grapes + <ets>-gen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red

color. It often occurs in botryoidal form.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bot"ry*oid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bot`ry*oid"al</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <ets><?/</ets>

cluster of grapes + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the form

of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral

presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal

prominences.</def>



<hw>Bot"ry*o*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<ets><?/</ets> cluster of grapes + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of datolite, usually having a

botryoidal structure.</def>



<hw>Bot"ry*ose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Having the form of a cluster

of grapes.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Of the racemose or acropetal

type of inflorescence.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bots</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael.

<ets>botus</ets> belly worm, <ets>boiteag</ets> maggot.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The larv\'91 of several species of

botfly, especially those larv\'91 which infest the stomach,

throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the

cause of various ailments.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>botts</asp>.]</altsp> <note>See <xex>Illust</xex>. of

<er>Botfly</er>.</note>



<hw>Bot*tine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Boot</er> (for the foot.).]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small boot; a lady's boot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An appliance resembling a small boot furnished

with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent

distortions in the lower extremities of children.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Bot"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bote</ets>, <ets>botelle</ets>, OF. <ets>botel</ets>,

<ets>bouteille</ets>, F. <ets>bouteille</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>buticula</ets>, dim. of <ets>butis</ets>, <ets>buttis</ets>,

<ets>butta</ets>, flask. Cf. <er>Butt</er> a cask.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware

(but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for

holding liquids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle

contains; <as>as, to drink a <ex>bottle</ex> of wine</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; <as>as, to drown

one's reason in the <ex>bottle</ex></as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bottle</xex> is much used adjectively, or as

the first part of a compound.</note>



<cs><col>Bottle ale</col>, <cd>bottled ale.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>Bottle brush</col>,

<cd>a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of

bottles.</cd> -- <col>Bottle fish</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a kind of deep-sea eel (<spn>Saccopharynx ampullaceus</spn>),

remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow

fishes two or three times its won size.</cd> -- <col>Bottle

flower</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>Same as

<er>Bluebottle</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle glass</col>, <cd>a

coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles.

<au>Ure</au>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle gourd</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>the common gourd or calabash (<spn>Lagenaria Vulgaris</spn>),

whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc.</cd> --

<col>Bottle grass</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a nutritious

fodder grass (<spn>Setaria glauca</spn> and <spn>S.

viridis</spn>); -- called also <altname>foxtail</altname>, and

<altname>green foxtail</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bottle tit</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the European long-tailed titmouse; --

so called from the shape of its nest.</cd> -- <col>Bottle

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an Australian tree

(<spn>Sterculia rupestris</spn>), with a bottle-shaped, or

greatly swollen, trunk.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Feeding bottle</col>,

<col>Nursing bottle</col></mcol>, <cd>a bottle with a rubber

nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding

infants.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bot"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bottled</er> <pr>(#)</pr> <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bottling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To put into

bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or

restrain as in a bottle; <as>as, to <ex>bottle</ex> wine or

porter; to <ex>bottle</ex> up one's wrath.</as></def>



<hw>Bot"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>botel</ets>, OF.

<ets>botel</ets>, dim. of F. <ets>botte</ets>; cf. OHG.

<ets>bozo</ets> bunch. See <er>Boss</er> stud.]</ety> <def>A

bundle, esp. of hay.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer. Shak.</au>



<hw>Bot"tled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in,

a bottle.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bot"tle green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <def>A dark shade of green,

like that of bottle glass.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Bot"tle-green`</wf>, <pos>a.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bot"tle*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A cetacean allied to the grampus; --

called also <altname>bottle-nosed whale</altname><-- bottle-nosed

dolphin? -->.</def>



<note><hand/ There are several species so named, as the pilot

whales, of the genus <spn>Globicephalus</spn>, and one or more

species of <spn>Hypero\'94don</spn> (<spn>H. bidens</spn>, etc.),

found on the European coast. See <er>Blackfish</er>, 1.</note>



<hw>Bot"tle*hold`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; -- so called

from the bottle of water of which he has charge.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who assists or supports another in a

contest; an abettor; a backer.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>Lord Palmerston considered himself the <qex>bottleholder</qex>

of oppressed states.</q>

<qau>The London Times.</qau>





<hw>Bot"tle-nose`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cetacean of the Dolphin

family, of several species, as <spn>Delphinus Tursio</spn> and

<spn>Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus</spn>, of Europe.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The puffin.</def>



<hw>Bot"tle-nosed`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Bot"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.</def>



<hw>Bot"tle*screw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

corkscrew.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Bot"tling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or the

process of putting anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water,

etc.) and corking the bottles.</def>



<-- p. 170 -->



<hw>Bot"tom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>botum</ets>, <ets>botme</ets>, AS. <ets>botm</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>bodom</ets>, D. <ets>bodem</ets>, OHG. <ets>podam</ets>,

G. <ets>boden</ets>, Icel. <ets>botn</ets>,     Sw.

<ets>botten</ets>, Dan. <ets>bund</ets> (for <ets>budn</ets> ),

L. <ets>fundus</ets> (for <ets>fudnus</ets>), Gr.<?/ (for <?/),

Skr. <ets>budhna</ets> (for <ets>bhudhna</ets>), and Ir.

<ets>bonn</ets> sole of the foot, W. <ets>bon</ets> stem, base. 

\'fb257>.  Cf. 4th <er>Found</er>, <er>Fund</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The lowest part of anything; the foot; <as>as,

the <ex>bottom</ex> of a tree or well; the <ex>bottom</ex> of a

hill, a lane, or a page.</as></def>



<q>Or dive into the <qex>bottom</qex> of the deep.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of anything which is beneath the

contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a

person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or

the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface.</def>



<q>Barrels with the <qex>bottom</qex> knocked out.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and

leather <qex>bottoms</qex> and worsted <qex>bottoms</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That upon which anything rests or is founded, in

a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake,

sea.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The fundament; the buttocks.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An abyss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a

river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>bottoms</xex> and the high grounds.\'b8



<au>Stoddard.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The part of a ship which is

ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship.</def>



<q>My ventures are not in one <qex>bottom</qex> trusted.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the

same <qex>bottoms</qex> in which they were shipped.</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<cs><col>Full bottom</col>, <cd>a hull of such shape as permits

carrying a large amount of merchandise.</cd></cs>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Power of endurance; <as>as, a horse of a good

<ex>bottom</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<cs><mcol><col>At bottom</col>, <col>At the bottom</col></mcol>,

<cd>at the foundation or basis; in reality. \'bdHe was <xex>at

the bottom<xex> a good man.\'b8</cd> <au>J. F. Cooper.</au> --

<col>To be at the bottom of</col>, <cd>to be the cause or

originator of; to be the source of.</cd> <mark>[Usually in an

opprobrious sense.]</mark> <au>J. H. Newman.</au>



<q>He <qex>was at the bottom of</qex> many excellent

counsels.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



 -- <col>To go to the bottom</col>, <cd>to sink; esp. to be

wrecked.</cd> -- <col>To touch bottom</col>, <cd>to reach the

lowest point; to find something on which to rest.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to the

bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; <as>as, <ex>bottom</ex> rock;

the <ex>bottom</ex> board of a wagon box; <ex>bottom</ex>

prices.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bottom glade</col>, <cd>a low glade or open place; a

valley; a dale.</cd></cs>



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs>-<col>Bottom grass</col>, <cd>grass growing on bottom

lands.</cd> -- <col>Bottom land</col>. <cd>See 1st

<er>Bottom</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 7.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bottomed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bottoming</er>.]</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To found or build upon; to fix upon as a

support; -- followed by <pos>on</pos> or <pos>upon</pos>.</def>



<q>Action is supposed to be <qex>bottomed</qex> upon

principle.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<q>Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many

<qex>bottom</qex> their eternal state].</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with a bottom; <as>as, to

<ex>bottom</ex> a chair</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reach or get to the bottom of.</def>



<qau>Smiles.</qau>



<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rest, as

upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually

with <pos>on</pos> or <pos>upon</pos>.</def>



<q>Find on what foundation any proposition

<qex>bottoms</qex>.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to

impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom

of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a

cylinder.</def>



<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>botme</ets>, perh.

corrupt. for <ets>button</ets>. See <er>Button</er>.]</ety>

<def>A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Silkworms finish their <qex>bottoms</qex> in . . . fifteen

days.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Bot"tom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To wind round something,

as in making a ball of thread.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>As you unwind her love from him,

Lest it should ravel and be good to none,

You must provide to <qex>bottom</qex> it on me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bot"tomed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having at the

bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; --

mostly, in composition; <as>as, sharp-<ex>bottomed</ex>;

well-<ex>bottomed</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Bot"tom*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a bottom;

hence, fathomless; baseless; <as>as, a <ex>bottomless</ex>

abyss</as>.</def> \'bdBottomless speculations.\'b8



<au>Burke.</au>



<hw>Bot"tom*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Bottom</er> in sense 8: cf.D. <ets>bodemerij</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bummery</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mar.Law)</fld> <def>A contract in

the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the

master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and

sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of

money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates

her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the

sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he

is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium

stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal

rate of interest. See <er>Hypothecation</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bot"ton*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bot"to*n\'82</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>boutonn\'82</ets>, fr. <ets>boutonner</ets> to bud,

button.]</ety> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>Having a bud or button, or

a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or

buttons.</def>



<cs><col>Cross bottony</col> <fld>(Her.)</fld>, <cd>a cross

having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a

sort of trefoil.<pos>cd></cs>



<hw>Botts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bots</er>.</def>



<hw>Bot"u*li*form`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>botulus</ets> sausage + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having the shape of a sausage.</def>



<au>Henslow.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bouche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>Same as <er>Bush</er>, a lining.</def>



<hw>Bouche</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Bush</er>, to

line.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bouche</hw>, <hw>Bouch</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth, victuals.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A mouth.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of

inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at

court.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bou`ch\'82es"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Small patties.</def>



<hw>Boud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A weevil; a worm

that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tusser.</au>



<nw<\'d8Bou*doir"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>bouder</ets> to pout, be sulky.]</ety> <def>A small room,

esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may

retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or

sometimes a gentleman's) private room.</def>



<au>Cowper.<pos>au>



<hw>\'d8Bouffe</hw> <pr>(?)<pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

buffoon.]</ety> <def>Comic opera. See <er>Opera

Bouffe</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou`gain*vil*l\'91`a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Named from <ets>Bougainville</ets>, the French

navigator.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants of the

order Nyctoginace\'91, from tropical South America, having the

flowers surrounded by large bracts.</def>



<hw>Bouge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bouged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>]</wordforms> <ety>[Variant of <ets>bulge</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bowge</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To swell out.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bilge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTheir

ship <xex>bouged</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hakluyt.</au>



<hw>Bouge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stave in; to

bilge.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Bouge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bouche</ets> mouth,

victuals.]</ety> <def>Bouche (see <er>Bouche</er>, 2); food and

drink; provisions.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q> [They] made room for a bombardman that brought

<qex>bouge</qex> for a country lady or two, that fainted . . .

with fasting.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson</qau>.



<hw>Bou"get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bougette</ets> sack, bag. Cf. <er>Budget</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A charge representing a leather vessel for

carrying water; -- also called <altname>water

bouget</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bough</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bogh</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'d3g</ets>, <ets>b\'d3h</ets>, bough, 

   shoulder; akin to Icel. <ets>b\'d3gr</ets> shoulder, bow of a

ship, Sw. <ets>bog</ets>, Dan. <ets>bov</ets>, OHG.

<ets>buog</ets>, G. <ets>bug</ets>, and to Gr.<?/ ( for <?/ )

forearm, Skr. <ets>b\'behu</ets> (for <ets>bh\'beghu</ets>) arm.

<root/88, 251. Cf. <er>Bow</er> of a ship.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or

main branch.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gallows.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bought</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Dan.

<ets>bugt</ets> bend, turning, Icel. <ets>bug<?/a</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bight</er>, <er>Bout</er>, and see <er>Bow</er> to

bend.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as

in a rope; as the <xex>boughts</xex> of a serpent.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>The <qex>boughts</qex> of the fore legs.</q>

<qau>Sir T. Browne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of a sling that contains the

stone.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bought</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Buy</er>.</def>



<hw>Bought</hw>, <pos>p. a.</pos> <def>Purchased; bribed.</def>



<hw>Bought"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Purchased;

not obtained or produced at home.</def>



<au>Coleridge</au>.



<hw>Bought"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bending.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bou*gie"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bougie</ets> wax candle, bougie, fr. <ets>Bougie</ets>,

<ets>Bugia</ets>, a town of North Africa, from which these

candles were first imported into Europe.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>A long, flexible instrument,

that is</def>



<note>introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove

obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made

of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Pharm.)</fld> <def>A long slender rod

consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the

temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and

designed for introduction into urethra, etc.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou`illi"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>bouillir</ets> to boil.]</ety> (<fld>Cookery<fld>)

<def>Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water

from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or

soup has been made.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou`illon"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>bouillir</ets> to boil.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef,

or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>An excrescence on a horse's

frush or frog.</def>



<hw>Bouk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>b\'81c</ets><?/ belly; akin to G. <ets>bauch</ets>, Icel.

<ets>b\'81<?/kr</ets> body.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bulk; volume.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Boul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A curved

handle.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bou*lan"ger*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Boulanger</ets>, a French mineralogist.]</ety>

(<fld>Min.</fld>) <def>A mineral of a bluish gray color and

metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact.  It is

sulphide of antimony and lead.</def>



<hw>Bul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bowlder</er>.</def>



<hw>Boul"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by bowlders.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Boule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Boule"work`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as <er>Buhl</er>,

<er>Buhlwork</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou"le*vard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>boulevard</ets>, <ets>boulevart</ets>, fr. G.

<ets>bollwerk</ets>. See <er>Bulwark</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally, a bulwark or rampart of

fortification or fortified town.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A public walk or street occupying the site of

demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a

city.</def>



<hw>\'d8Boule`verse`ment"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., fr. <ets>bouleverser</ets> to overthrow.]</ety>

<def>Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.</def>



<hw>Buolt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Corrupted form

<er>Bolt</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Boul"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Boul"tin</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle,

being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman

Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>One of

the shafts of a clustered column.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bowtel</asp>, <asp>boltel</asp>, <asp>boultell</asp>,

etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Boul"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Etymol.

uncertain.]</ety> <def>A long, stout fishing line to which many

hooks are attached.</def>



<hw>Boun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bound</er> ready.]</ety> <def>Ready; prepared; destined;

tending.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Boun</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make or get ready.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bounced</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bouncing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bunsen</ets>; cf. D.

<ets>bonzen</ets> to strike, bounce, <ets>bons</ets> blow, LG.

<ets>bunsen</ets> to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make

a sudden noise; a knock loudly.</def>



<q>Another <qex>bounces</qex> as hard as he can knock.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q>Against his bosom <qex>bounced</qex> his heaving heart.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously;

to bound; <as>as, she <ex>bounced</ex> into the room</as>.</def>



<q>Out <qex>bounced</qex> the mastiff.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<q><qex>Bounced</qex> off his arm+chair.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To boast; to talk big; to bluster.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bounce</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>To drive

against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump.</def>



<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to

toss.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge

unceremoniously, as from employment.</def> <mark>[Collog. U.

S.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To bully; to scold.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>Bounce</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or

thump.</def>



<q>The <qex>bounce</qex> burst open the door.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An explosion, or the noise of one.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious

exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer.</def>



<au>Johnson.  De Quincey.<?/</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A dogfish of Europe

(<spn>Scyllium catulus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bounce</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a sudden leap;

suddenly.</def>



<q>This impudent puppy comes <qex>bounce</qex> in upon me.</q>

<qau>Bickerstaff.</qau>



<hw>Boun"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise

in moving.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boaster; a bully.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bold lie; also, a liar.</def>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<au>Marryat.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Something big; a good stout example of the

kind.</def>



<q>The stone must be a <qex>bouncer</qex>.</q>

<qau>De Quincey.</qau>



<hw>Boun"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom.</def>



<q>Many tall and <qex>bouncing</qex> young ladies.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Excessive; big.</def> \'bdA <xex>bouncing</xex>

reckoning.\'b8



<au>B. & Fl.</au>



<cs><col>Bouncing Bet</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the common

soapwort (<spn>Saponaria officinalis</spn>).</cd></cs>



<au>Harper's Mag.</au>



<hw>Boun"cing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With a bounce.</def>



<hw>Bound</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bounde</ets>, <ets>bunne</ets>, OF. <ets>bonne</ets>,

<ets>bonde</ets>, <ets>bodne</ets>, F. <ets>borne</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>bodina</ets>, <ets>bodena</ets>, <ets>bonna</ets>; prob. of

Celtic origin; cf. Arm. <ets>bonn</ets> boundary, limit, and

<ets>boden</ets>, <ets>bod</ets>, a tuft or cluster of trees, by

which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf.

<er>Bourne</er>.]</ety> <def>The external or limiting line,

either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which

limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or

restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary.</def>



<q>He hath compassed the waters with <qex>bounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Job xxvi. 10.</qau>



<q>On earth's remotest <qex>bounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<q>And mete the <qex>bounds</qex> of hate and love.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>To keep within bounds</col>, <cd>not to exceed or pass

beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or

discretion</cd>.</cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Boundary</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bounded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bounding</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest

point of extension of; -- said of natural or of moral objects; to

lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe;

to restrain; to confine.</def>



<q>Where full measure only <qex>bounds</qex> excess.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>Phlegethon . . .

Whose fiery flood the burning empire <qex>bounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To name the boundaries of; <as>as, to

<ex>bound</ex> France</as>.</def>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bondir</ets> to

leap, OF. <ets>bondir</ets>, <ets>bundir</ets>, to leap, resound,

fr. L. <ets>bombitare</ets> to buzz, hum, fr. <ets>bombus</ets> a

humming, buzzing. See <er>Bomb</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a

succession of springs or leaps; as the beast <xex>bounded</xex>

from his den; the herd <xex>bounded</xex> across the plain.</def>



<q>Before his lord the ready spaniel <qex>bounds</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>And the waves <qex>bound</qex> beneath me as a steed

That knows his rider.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rebound, as an elastic ball.</def>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make to

bound or leap; <as>as, to bound a horse</as>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will

rebound; <as>as, to <ex>bound</ex> a ball on the

floor</as>.</def> <mark>[Collog.]</mark>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>A leap; an

elastic spring; a jump.</def>



<q>A <qex>bound</qex> of graceful hardihood.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Rebound; <as>as, the <ex>bound</ex> of a

ball</as>.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Dancing)</fld> <def>Spring from one foot to the

other.</def>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Bind</er>.</def>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the

like.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Inclosed in a binding or cover; <as>as, a

<ex>bound</ex> volume</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Under legal or moral restraint or

obligation.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; --

followed by the infinitive; <as>as, he is <ex>bound</ex> to

succeed; he is <ex>bound</ex> to fail.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Resolved; <as>as, I am <ex>bound</ex> to do

it</as>.</def> <mark>[Collog. U. S.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Constipated; costive.</def>



<note><hand/ Used also in composition; as, ice<xex>bound</xex>,

wind<xex>bound</xex>, hide<xex>bound</xex>, etc.</note>



<cs><col>Bound bailiff</col> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>a

sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The

sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the

bailiff is usually under <xex>bond<xex> for the faithful

discharge of his trust.</cd> -- <col>Bound up in</col>,

<cd>entirely devoted to; inseparable from</cd>.</cs>



<hw>Bound</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Past p. of OE.

<ets>bounen</ets> to prepare, fr. <ets>boun</ets> ready,

prepared, fr. Icel. <ets>b\'81<?/inn</ets>, p. p. of

<ets>b\'81a</ets><?/ to dwell, prepare; akin to E.

<ets>boor</ets> and <ets>bower</ets>. See <er>Bond</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Busk</er>, <ets>v</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; -- with

<xex>to</xex> or <xex>for</xex>, or with an adverb of motion;

<as>as, a ship is <ex>bound</ex> to Cadiz, or <ex>for</ex>

Cadiz</as>.</def> \'bdThe mariner <xex>bound</xex> homeward.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Bound"a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boundaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <ety>[From

<er>Bound</er> a limit; cf. LL. <xex>bonnarium</xex> piece of

land with fixed limits.]</ety> <def>That which indicates or fixes

a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a

bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit.</def>



<q>But still his native country lies

Beyond the <qex>boundaries</qex> of the skies.</q>

<qau>N. Cotton.</qau>



<q> That bright and tranquil stream, the <qex>boundary</qex> of

Louth and Meath.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<q>Sensation and reflection are the <qex>boundaries</qex> of our

thoughts.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier;

verge; confines; precinct.</syn> <usage><er>Bound</er>,

<er>Boundary</er>. <xex>Boundary</xex>, in its original and

strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit.

<xex>Bound</xex> is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the

two words are made interchangeable.</usage>



<hw>Bound"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.p & a.</pos> <ety>[Old. p.

p. of <ets>bind</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bound; fastened by bonds.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<-- p. 171 -->



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered;

obliged; beholden.</def>



<q>This holy word, that teacheth us truly our <qex>bounden</qex>

duty toward our Lord God in every point.</q>

<qau>Ridley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Made obligatory; imposed as a duty;

binding.</def>



<q>I am much <qex>bounden</qex> to your majesty.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bound"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, limits; a boundary.</def>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Bound"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Moving with a bound or

bounds.</def>



<q>The <qex>bounding</qex> pulse, the languid limb.</q>

<qau>Montgomery.</qau>



<hw>Bound"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without bounds or

confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>boundless</xex> sky.\'b8 <au>Bryant.</au>  \'bdThe

<xex>boundless</xex> ocean.\'b8 <au>Dryden.</au> 

\'bd<xex>Boundless</xex> rapacity.\'b8  \'bd<xex>Boundless</xex>

prospect of gain.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable;

infinite.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Bound"less*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Bound"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Boun"te*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bountevous</ets>, fr. <ets>bounte</ets> bounty.]</ety>

<def>Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously

liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; <as>as,

<ex>bounteous</ex> production</as>.</def>



<q>But O, thou <qex>bounteous</qex> Giver of all good.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



-- <wordforms><wf>Boun"te*ous*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Boun"te*ous*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Boun"ti*ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and

favors.</def>



<q>God, the <qex>bountiful</qex> Author of our being.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Plentiful; abundant; <as>as, a

<ex>bountiful</ex> supply of food</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous.</syn>



-- <wordforms><wf>Boun"ti*ful*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Boun"ti*ful*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<mhw>{ <hw>Boun"ti*head</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Boun"ty*hood</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>Goodness;

generosity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Boun"ty</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bounties</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bounte</ets> goodness,

kindness, F. <ets>bont\'82</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bonitas</ets>, fr.

<ets>bonus</ets> good, for older <ets>duonus</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>duvas</ets> honor, respect.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Nature set in her at once beauty with <qex>bounty</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gower.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors;

gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence.</def>



<q>My <qex>bounty</qex> is as boundless as the sea.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is given generously or

liberally.</def> \'bdThy morning <xex>bounties</xex>.\'b8



<au>Cowper.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A premium offered or given to induce men to

enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of

industry, as husbandry or manufactures.</def>



<cs><col>Bounty jumper</col>, <cd>one who, during the latter part

of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and

deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty.</cd>

<mark>[Collog.]</mark> -- <col>Queen Anne's bounty</col>

<fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld>, <cd>a provision made in Queen Anne's

reign for augmenting poor clerical livings.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.</syn>



<hw>Bou*quet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bouquet</ets> bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for

<ets>bousquet</ets>, <ets>bosquet</ets>, thicket, a little wood,

dim. of LL. <ets>boscus</ets>. See <er>Bush</er> thicket, and cf.

<er>Bosket</er>, <er>Busket</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A perfume; an aroma; <as>as, the

<ex>bouquet</ex> of wine</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou`que*tin"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The ibex.</def>



<hw>Bour</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bower</er> a chamber.]</ety> <def>A chamber or a

cottage.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bour"bon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From the

castle and seigniory of <ets>Bourbon</ets> in central

France.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A member of a family which has occupied several

European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of

France.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or

politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate

conservative.</def>



<hw>Bour"bon*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate

conservatism.</def>



<hw>Bour"bon*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who adheres to the

house of Bourbon; a legitimist.</def>



<hw>Bour"bon whis"ky</hw>. <def>See under <er>Whisky</er>.</def>



<hw>Bourd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bourde</ets> fib, lie, OF. <ets>borde</ets>,

<ets>bourde</ets>, jest, joke.]</ety> <def>A jest.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bourd</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To jest.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bourd"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

jester.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bour"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr. L.

<ets>burdo</ets> mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf.

Sp. <ets>muleta</ets> a young she mule; also, crutch,

prop.]</ety> <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bour"don`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Burden</er> a refrain.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See

<er>Burden</er> (of a song.)</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A kind of

organ stop.</def>



<hw>Bour*geois"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From a

French type founder named <ets>Bourgeois</ets>, or fr. F.

<ets>bourgeois</ets> of the middle class; hence applied to an

intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G.

<ets>bourgeois</ets>, <ets>borgis</ets>. Cf.

<er>Burgess</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type

between long primer and brevier. See <er>Type</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ <bourgeoistype>This line is printed in

<xex>bourgeois</xex> type.</bourgeoistype></note>



<hw>\'d8Bour*geois"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.,

fr. <ets>bourg</ets> town; of German origin. See

<er>Burgess</er>.]</ety> <def>A man of middle rank in society;

one of the shopkeeping class.</def> <mark>[France.]</mark>



<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of the middle class, as

in France.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Bour*geoi*sie"</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned

in, or dependent on, trade.</def>



<hw>Bour"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burjoun</ets> a bud, <ets>burjounen</ets> to bud, F.

<ets>bourgeon</ets> a bud, <ets>bourgeonner</ets> to bud; cf.

OHG. <ets>burjan</ets> to raise.]</ety> <def>To sprout; to put

forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch.</def>



<q>Gayly to <qex>bourgeon</qex> and broadly to grow.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bou"ri</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A mullet (<spn>Mugil

capito</spn>) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in

Africa.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bourn</hw>, <hw>Bourne</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>burne</ets>, <ets>borne</ets>, AS.

<ets>burna</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brunno</ets> spring, G.

<ets>born</ets>, <ets>brunnen</ets>, OHG. <ets>prunno</ets>,

Goth. <ets>brunna</ets>, Icel. <ets>brunnr</ets>, and perh. to

Gr. <?/. The root is prob. that of <ets>burn</ets>, v., because

the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling

from the earth. Cf. <er>Torrent</er>, and see <er>Burn</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A stream or rivulet; a burn.</def>



<q>My little boat can safely pass this perilous

<qex>bourn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bourn</hw>, <hw>Bourne</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>borne</ets>. See <er>Bound</er> a

limit.]</ety> <def>A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point

aimed at; goal.</def>



<q>Where the land slopes to its watery <qex>bourn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<q>The undiscovered country, from whose <qex>bourn</qex>

No traveler returns.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Sole <qex>bourn</qex>, sole wish, sole object of my song.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<q>To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual

<qex>bourne</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tyndall.</qau>



<hw>Bourn"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without a bourn or

limit.</def>



<hw>Bour"non*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after <er>Count<?/</er> <ets>Bournon</ets>, a

minerologist.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral of a

steel-gray to black color and metallic luster, occurring

crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel

ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and

copper.</def>



<hw>Bour*nous"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burnoose</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bour*r\'82e</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An old French dance tune

in common time.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bourse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bourse</ets> purse, exchange, LL. <ets>bursa</ets>, fr.

Gr.<?/ skin, hide, of which a purse was usually made. Cf.

<er>Purse</er>, <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <def>An exchange, or place

where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain

hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.</def>



<hw>Bouse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To drink

immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See <er>Booze</er>.</def>



<hw>Bouse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Drink, esp. alcoholic drink;

also, a carouse; a booze.</def> \'bdA good <xex>bouse</xex> of

liquor.\'b8



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Bous"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A toper; a

boozer.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bou`stro*phe"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ turning like oxen in plowing; <?/ to turn.]</ety>

<def>An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one

line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as

fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.</def>



<hw>Bou*stroph`e*don"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to the boustrophedon made of writing.</def>



<hw>Bou*storph"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

<?/ox-guiding.]</ety> <def>Boustrophedonic.</def>



<hw>Bousy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Drunken; sotted;

boozy.</def>



<q>In his cups the <qex>bousy</qex> poet songs.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bout</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A different

spelling and application of <ets>bought</ets> bend.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>As much of an action as is performed at one

time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing,

etc.; a turn; a round.</def>



<q>In notes with many a winding <qex>bout</qex>

Of linked sweetness long drawn out.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no

danger of starving for this <qex>bout</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at

anything; <as>as, a fencing <ex>bout</ex>; a drinking

<ex>bout</ex>.</as></def>



<q>The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one

<qex>bout</qex> with you; he can not by the duello avoid it.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bou*tade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>bouter</ets> to thrust. See <er>Butt</er>.]</ety> <def>An

outbreak; a caprice; a whim.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Boute"feu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.;

<ets>bouter</ets> to thrust, put + <ets>feu</ets> fire.]</ety>

<def>An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Animated by . . . John \'85 Chamber, a very

<qex>boutefeu</qex>, . . . they entered into open rebellion.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bou`ton`ni\'8are"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F., buttonhole.]</ety> <def>A bouquet worn in a

buttonhole.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bouts`-ri*m\'82s"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[F. <ets>bout</ets> end + <ets>rim\'82</ets> rhymed.]</ety>

<def>Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be

filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are

offered.</def>



<hw>Bo"vate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bovata</ets>, fr. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>,

ox.]</ety> <fld>(O.Eng.Law.)</fld> <def>An oxgang, or as much

land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of

indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen

acres.</def>



<hw>Bo"vey coal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A kind

of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and

generally a disagreeable odor; -- found at <ets>Bovey</ets>

Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the

o\'94lite, and not of the true coal era.</def>



<hw>Bo"vid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox, cow.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Relating to that tribe of ruminant

mammals of which the genus <spn>Bos</spn> is the type.</def>



<hw>Bo"vi*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bo"vine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bovinus</ets>, fr.L. <ets>bos</ets>, <ets>bovis</ets>, ox,

cow: cf. F. <ets>bovine</ets>. See <er>Cow</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>of or pertaining to the

genus <xex>Bos</xex>; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow;

oxlike; <as>as, the <ex>bovine</ex> genus; a <ex>bovine</ex>

antelope.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows;

sluggish and patient; dull; <as>as, a <ex>bovine</ex>

temperament</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>bovine</qex> gaze of gaping rustics.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(bou)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bowed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bowing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>bowen</ets>, <ets>bogen</ets>, <ets>bugen</ets>,

AS. <ets>b\'d4gan</ets> (generally v.i.); akin to D.

<ets>buigen</ets>, OHG. <ets>biogan</ets>, G. <ets>biegen</ets>,

<ets>beugen</ets>, Icel. <ets>boginn</ets> bent,

<ets>beygja</ets> to bend, Sw. <ets>b\'94ja</ets>, Dan.

<ets>b\'94ie</ets>, <ets>bugne</ets>, Coth. <ets>biugan</ets>;

also to L. <ets>fugere</ets> to flee, Gr. <?/, and Skr.

<ets>bhuj</ets> to bend. <root/88. Cf. <er>Fugitive</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend;

to inflect; to make crooked or curved.</def>



<q>We <qex>bow</qex> things the contrary way, to make them come

to their natural straightness.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>The whole nation <qex>bowed</qex> their necks to the worst

kind of tyranny.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exercise powerful or controlling influence

over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.</def>



<q>Adversities do more <qex>bow</qex> men's minds to

religion.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>Not to <qex>bow</qex> and bias their opinions.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bend or incline, as the head or body, in

token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or

condescension.</def>



<q>They came to meet him, and <qex>bowed</qex> themselves to the

ground before him.</q>

<qau>2 Kings ii. 15.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to

depress,;<?/ to crush; to subdue.</def>



<q>Whose heavy hand hath <qex>bowed</qex> you to the grave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To express by bowing; <as>as, to <ex>bow</ex>

one's thanks</as>.</def>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(bou)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

bend; to curve.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To stop.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>They stoop, they <qex>bow</qex> down together.</q>

<qau>Is. xlvi. 2<?/</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of

reverence or submission; -- often with <xex>down</xex>.</def>



<q>O come, let us worship and <qex>bow</qex> down: let us kneel

before the Lord our maker.</q>

<qau>Ps. xcv. 6.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To incline the head in token of salutation,

civility, or assent; to make bow.</def>



<q>Admired, adored by all circling crowd,

For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they <qex>bowed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(bou)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An inclination of

the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence,

respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; <as>as, a

<ex>bow</ex> of deep humility</as>.</def>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(b\'d3)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bowe</ets>, <ets>boge</ets>, AS. <ets>boga</ets>, fr. AS.

<ets>b\'81<?/gan</ets> to bend; akin to D. <ets>boog</ets>, G.

<ets>bogen</ets>, Icel. <ets>bogi</ets>. See <er>Bow</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the

rainbow.</def>



<q>I do set my <qex>bow</qex> in the cloud.</q>

<qau>Gen. ix. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other

elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means

of which an arrow is propelled.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed

by doubling a ribbon or string.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an

ox and fastens it to the yoke.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>An appliance consisting of an

elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to

end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>An acrograph.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech. & Manuf.)</fld> <def>Any instrument

consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string,

employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for

preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by

hatters.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rude sort of quadrant

formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld> <pos>sing. or pl.</pos>

<def>Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a

saddletree.</def>



<cs><col>Bow bearer</col> <fld>(O. Eng. Law)</fld>, <cd>an under

officer of the forest who looked after trespassers.</cd> --

<col>Bow drill</col>, <cd>a drill worked by a bow and

string.</cd> -- <col>Bow instrument</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>,

<cd>any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by

the bow.</cd> -- <col>Bow window</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <cd>See

<er>Bay window</er>.</cd> -- <col>To draw a long bow</col>,

<cd>to lie; to exaggerate.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(b\'d3)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bowed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bowing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

play (music) with a bow.</def> -- <def2><pos>v. i. </pos> <def>To

manage the bow.</def></def2>



<hw>Bow</hw> <pr>(b\'d3)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel.

<ets>b\'d3gr</ets> shoulder, bow of a ship. See

<er>Bough</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The bending or rounded part

of a ship forward; the stream or prow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One who rows in the forward

part of a boat; the bow oar.</def>



<cs><col>Bow chaser</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a gun in the

bow for firing while chasing another vessel.</cd></cs>



<au> Totten.</au>



<cs>- <col>Bow piece</col>, <cd>a piece of ordnance carried at

the bow of a ship.</cd> -- <col>On the bow</col>

(<fld>Naut</fdl>.), <cd>on that part of the horizon within

45<deg/ on either side of the line ahead.</cd>



<au>Totten.</au>

</cs>



<hw>Bow"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bow"bell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One born

within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bow"-bells`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>The

bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom.</def>



<q>People born within the sound of <qex>Bow-bells</qex> are

usually called cockneys.</q>

<qau>Murray's Handbook of London.</qau>



<hw>Bow"bent`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bent, like a

bow.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bow"-com`pass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bow-compasses</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An arcograph.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small pair of compasses, one leg of which

carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are

often connected by a bow-shaped spring, instead of by a

joint.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate

riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other.</def>



<hw>Bow"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bouel</ets>, <ets>bouele</ets>, OF. <ets>boel</ets>,

<ets>boele</ets>, F. <ets>boyau</ets>, fr. L. <ets>botellus</ets>

a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L.

<ets>botulus</ets> sausage.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail,

especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural.</def>



<q>He burst asunder in the midst, and all his <qex>bowels</qex>

gushed out.</q>

<qau>Acts i. 18.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Hence, figuratively: The

interior part of anything; <as>as, the <ex>bowels</ex> of the

earth</as>.</def>



<q>His soldiers . . . cried out amain,

And rushed into the <qex>bowels</qex> of the battle.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>The seat of pity or kindness.

Hence: Tenderness; compassion.</def> \'bdThou thing of no

<xex>bowels</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of

guts, and empty of <qex>bowels</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Offspring.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bow"el</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Boweled</er> or <er>Bowelled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr.& vb. n.</pos> <er>Boweling</er> or

<er>Bowelling</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To take out the bowels of;

to eviscerate; to disembowel.</def>



<hw>Bow"eled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos></ety>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>bowelled</asp>.]</altsp> <def>Having

bowels; hollow.</def> \'bdThe <xex>boweled</xex> cavern.\'b8



<au>Thomson.</au>



<hw>Bow"el*less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without pity.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bow"en*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

G.T.<ets>Bowen</ets>, who analyzed it in 1822.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A hard, compact variety of serpentine

found in Rhode Island. It is of a light green color and resembles

jade.</def>



<hw>Bo"wer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bow</er>, <pos>v. & n</pos>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who bows or bends.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>An anchor carried at the bow

of a ship.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned <qex>bowers</qex></q>



<q>Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Best bower</col>, <col>Small bower</col></mcol>.

<cd>See <er>the Note under Anchor</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 172 -->



<hw>Bow"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>bauer</ets> a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes

used for the knave in cards. See <er>Boor</er>.]</ety> <def>One

of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of

euchre.</def>



<cs><col>Right bower</col>, <cd>the knave of the trump suit, the

highest card (except the \'bdJoker\'b8) in the game.</cd> --

<col>Left bower</col>, <cd>the knave of the other suit of the

same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in

value.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Best bower</col> or

<col>Joker</col></mcol>, <cd>in some forms of euchre and some

other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which

takes precedence of all others as the highest card.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bour</ets>,

<ets>bur</ets>, room, dwelling, AS. <ets>b\'d4r</ets>, fr. the

root of AS. <ets>b\'d4an</ets> to dwell; akin to Icel.

<ets>b\'d4r</ets> chamber, storehouse, Sw. <ets>b\'d4r</ets>

cage, Dan. <ets>buur</ets>, OHG. <ets>p\'d4r</ets> room, G.

<ets>bauer</ets> cage, <ets>bauer</ets> a peasant. \'fb97]

Cf.<er>Boor</er>, <er>Byre</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a

lady's private apartment.</def>



<q>Give me my lute in bed now as I lie,

And lock the doors of mine unlucky <qex>bower</qex>.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an

attractive abode or retreat.</def>



<au>Shenstone.  B. Johnson.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shelter or covered place in a garden, made

with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a

shady recess.</def>



<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To embower; to

inclose.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To lodge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bow"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bough</er>, cf.

<er>Brancher</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A young

hawk, when it begins to leave the nest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bow"er bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

Australian bird (<spn>Ptilonorhynchus violaceus</spn> or

<spn>holosericeus</spn>), allied to the starling, which

constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates

them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird.</def>



<note><hand/ The name is also applied to other related birds of

the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted

<xex>bower bird</xex> (<spn>Chalmydodera maculata</spn>), and the

regent bird (<spn>Sericulus melinus</spn>).</note>



<hw>Bow"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Shading, like

a bower; full of bowers.</def>



<q>A <qex>bowery</qex> maze that shades the purple streams.</q>

<qau>Trumbull.</qau>



<hw>Bow"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.</plu>

<plw>Boweries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[D.

<ets>bouwerij</ets>.]</ety> <def>A farm or plantation with its

buildings.</def> <mark>[U.S.Hist.]</mark>



<q>The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on

<qex>boweries</qex> or plantations; and seeing the evils of this

mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646,

by the Dutch authorities, to gather into \'bdvillages, towns, and

hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.\'b8</q>

<qau>Bancroft.</qau>



<hw>Bow"er*y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of the

street called the <er>Bowery</er>, in New York city; swaggering;

flashy.</def>



<hw>Bow"ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Bower</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bow"fin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A voracious ganoid fish (<spn>Amia

calva</spn>) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the

mudfish; -- called also <altname>Johnny Grindle</altname>, and

<altname>dogfish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bowge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To swell out.

See <er>Bouge</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bowge</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cause to leak.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> See <er>Bouge</er>.</def>



<hw>Bow"grace`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid

out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by

floating ice.</def>



<hw>Bow" hand`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Archery)</fld> <def>The hand that holds the bow, <it>i.

e.</it>, the left hand.</def>



<q>Surely he shoots wide on the <qex>bow hand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The hand that draws the bow,

<it>i. e.</it>, the right hand.</def>



<hw>Bow"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great Arctic or Greenland whale.

(<spn>Bal\'91na mysticetus</spn>). See <er>Baleen</er>, and

<er>Whale</er>.</def>



<hw>Bow"ie knife`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A knife with a strong

blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and double-edged near the

point; -- used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in

the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its

inventor, Colonel James <ets>Bowie</ets>.  Also, by extension,

any large sheath knife.</def>



<hw>Bow"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art of managing the bow in playing on

stringed instruments.</def>



<q><qex>Bowing</qex> constitutes a principal part of the art of

the violinist, the violist, etc.</q>

<qau>J. W. Moore.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In hatmaking, the act or process of separating

and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it

for felting.</def>



<hw>Bow"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

bending manner.</def>



<hw>Bow"knot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A knot in

which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a

loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.</def>



<hw>Bowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bolle</ets>, AS. <ets>bolla</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>bolli</ets>, Dan. <ets>bolle</ets>, G. <ets>bolle</ets>, and

perh. to E. <ets>boil</ets> a tumor. Cf. <er>Boll</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A concave vessel of various forms (often

approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc.</def>



<q>Brought them food in <qex>bowls</qex> of basswood.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or

other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will

hold.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The bollow part of a thing; <as>as, the

<ex>bowl</ex> of a spoon</as>.</def>



<hw>Bowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>boule</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble, stud. Cf.

<er>Bull</er> an edict, <er>Bill</er> a writing.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A ball of wood or other material used for

rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having

one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when

rolled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>An ancient game, popular in

Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of

greensward.</def>



<q>Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the

jack by delivering his <qex>bowl</qex> straightforward upon

it.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl</pluf>. <def>The game of tenpins or

bowling.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bowl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bowled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bowling</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball.</def>



<q>Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel,

And <qex>bowl</qex> the round nave down the hill of heaven.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels;

<as>as, we were <ex>bowled</ex> rapidly along the

road</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pelt or strike with anything rolled.</def>



<q>Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth,

And <qex>bowled</qex> to death with turnips<?/</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>To bowl</col> (a player) <col>out</col></mcol>,

<cd>in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a

stump in bowling.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bowl</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>To play with

bowls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls,

etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball;

<as>as, the carriage <ex>bowled</ex> along</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bowl"der</hw>, <hw>Boul"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw>

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bullra</ets> to roar, rattle,

Dan. <ets>buldre</ets>, dial. Sw. <ets>bullersteen</ets> larger

kind of pebbles; perh. akin to E. <ets>bellow</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the

action of water; a large pebble.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>A mass of any rock, whether

rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies

from its native bed. See <er>Drift</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bowlder clay</col>, <cd>the unstratified clay deposit of

the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of

bowlders.</cd> -- <col>Bowlder wall</col>, <cd>a wall constructed

of large stones or bowlders.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bowl"der*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characterized by bowlders.</def>



<hw>Bow"leg`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A crooked

leg.</def>



<au>Jer. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Bowl"-legged`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bowl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who plays

at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other

game.</def>



<hw>Bow"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitute of a bow.</def>



<hw>Bow"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>boelijn</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'94gl\'8bna</ets><?/, Dan.

<ets>bovline</ets>; properly the line attached to the shoulder or

side of the sail. See <er>Bow</er> (of a ship), and

<er>Line</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope fastened

near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square

sails, by subordinate ropes, called <xex>bridles</xex>, and used

to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship

is closehauled.</def>



<cs><col>Bowline bridles</col>, <cd>the ropes by which the

bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail.</cd> --

<col>Bowline knot</col>. <cd>See <xex>Illust<xex>. <er>under

Knot</er>.</cd> -- <col>On a bowline</col>, <cd>close-hauled or

sailing close to the wind; -- said of a ship.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bowl"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of

playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket;

the game of bowls or of tenpins.</def>



<cs><col>Bowling alley</col>, <cd>a covered place for playing at

bowls or tenpins.</cd> -- <col>Bowling green</col>, <cd>a level

piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small

park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New

Amsterdam played this game.<?/</cd></cs>



<hw>Bowls</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bowl</er>, a ball, a game.</def>



<hw>Bow"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bowmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who uses a

bow; an archer.</def>



<q>The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and

<qex>bowmen</qex>.</q>

<qau>Jer. iv. 29.</qau>



<cs><col>Bowman's root</col>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <cd>See

<cref>Indian physic</cref>, under <er>Indian</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bow"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow

oar.</def>



<hw>Bowne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Boun</er>.]</ety> <def>To make ready; to prepare; to

dress.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We will all <qex>bowne</qex> ourselves for the banquet.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bow" net`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>.</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder

with a funnel-shaped entrance at one end.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A net for catching birds.</def>



<au> J. H. Walsh.</au>



<hw>Bow" oar`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>.</def>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The oar used by the bowman.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who rows at the bow of a boat.</def>



<hw>Bow"-pen`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bow-compasses

carrying a drawing pen. See <er>Bow-compass</er>.</def>



<hw>Bow"-pen`cil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.</def>



<hw>Bow"-saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A saw with a

thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.</def>



<hw>Bowse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Booze</er>, and <er>Bouse</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To carouse; to bouse; to booze.</def>



<au>De Quincey.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To pull or haul; <as>as, to

<ex>bowse</ex> upon a tack; to <ex>bowse</ex> away, <it>i.

e.</it>, to pull all together.</as></def>



<hw>Bowse</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A carouse; a drinking bout; a

booze.</def>



<hw>Bow"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The distance

traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.</def>



<hw>Bow"sprit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  

<ety>[<ets>Bow</ets> + <ets>sprit</ets>; akin to

D.<ets>boegspriet</ets>; <ets>boeg</ets> bow of a ship +

<ets>spriet</ets>, E. <ets>sprit</ets>, also Sw.

<ets>bogspr\'94t</ets>, G. <ets>bugspriet</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large boom or spar, which projects over

the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.</def>



<hw>Bows"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To drench;

to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have

curative properties).</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There were many <qex>bowssening</qex> places, for curing of

mad men.

 . . . If there appeared small amendment he was

<qex>bowssened</qex> again and again.</q>

<qau>Carew.</qau>



<hw>Bow"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The string of a bow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A string used by the Turks for strangling

offenders.</def>



<cs><col>Bowstring bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed of an arch

of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted

by a tie forming a chord of the arch.</cd> -- <col>Bowstring

girder</col>, <cd>an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting

its two ends.</cd> -- <col>Bowstring hemp</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the tenacious fiber of the <spn>Sanseviera

Zeylanica</spn>, growing in India and Africa, from which

bowstrings are made.</cd></cs>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Bow"string`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bowstringed</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr> <or/ <er>Bowstrung</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bowstringing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

strangle with a bowstring.</def>



<hw>Bow"stringed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Furnished with bowstring.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.</def>



<hw>Bow"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Boultel</er>.</def>



<hw>Bow"wow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def> Onomatopoetic; <as>as, the

<ex>bowwow</ex> theory of language; a <ex>bowwow</ex>

word.</as></def></def2> <mark>[Jocose.]</mark>



<hw>Bow"yer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bow</er>, like <ets>lawyer</ets> from <ets>law</ets>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>An archer; one who uses bow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who makes or sells bows.</def>



<hw>Box</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[As.

<ets>box</ets>, L. <ets>buxus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/. See

<er>Box</er> a case.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree or

shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common

box (<spn>Buxus sempervirens</spn>) has two varieties, one of

which, the dwaft box <spn>(B.suffruticosa)</spn>, is much used

for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being

very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by

turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Box elder</col>, <cd>the ash-leaved maple (<spn>Negundo

aceroides</spn>), of North America.</cd> -- <col>Box holly</col>,

<cd>the butcher's broom (<spn>Russus aculeatus</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Box thorn</col>, <cd>a shrub (<spn>Lycium

barbarum</spn>).</cd> -- <col>Box tree</col>, <cd>the tree

variety of the common box.</cd></cs>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Boxes</plw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu> <ety>[As. <ets>box</ets> a small case or

vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. <ets>buhsa</ets> box, G.

<ets>b\'81chse</ets>; fr. L. <ets>buxus</ets> boxwood, anything

made of boxwood. See <er>Pyx</er>, and cf. <er>Box</er> a tree,

<er>Bushel</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A receptacle or case of any firm material and of

various shapes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity that a box contain.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A space with a few seats partitioned off in a

theater, or other place of public amusement.</def>



<q>Laughed at by the pit, <qex>box</qex>, galleries, nay,

stage.</q>

<qau>Dorset.</qau>



<q>The <qex>boxes</qex> and the pit are sovereign judges.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of

money; <as>as, a poor <ex>box</ex>; a contribution

<ex>box</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks,

Damning the poor, his tripple-bolted <qex>box</qex>.</q>

<qau>J. Warton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A small country house.</def> \'bdA shooting

<xex>box</xex>.\'b8



<au>Wilson.</au>



<q>Tight <qex>boxes</qex> neatly sashed.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A boxlike shed for shelter; <as>as, a sentry

<ex>box</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mach)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An axle box,

journal box, journal bearing, or bushing.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the

bucket of a lifting pump.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas

box or gift.</def> \'bdA Christmas <xex>box</xex>.\'b8



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Baseball)</fld> <def>The square in which the

pitcher stands.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A Mediterranean food

fish; the bogue.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Box</xex> is much used adjectively or in

composition; as <xex>box</xex> lid, <xex>box</xex> maker,

<xex>box</xex> circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as

money <xex>box</xex>, letter <xex>box</xex>, band<xex>box</xex>,

hat<xex>box</xex> or hat <xex>box</xex>, snuff <xex>box</xex> or

snuff<xex>box</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Box beam</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a beam made of

metal plates so as to have the form of a long box.</cd> --

<col>Box car</col> <fld>(Railroads)</fld>, <cd>a freight car

covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its

contents.</cd> -- <col>Box chronometer</col>, <cd>a ship's

chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper

position.</cd> -- <col>Box coat</col>, <cd>a thick overcoat for

driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain.</cd>

-- <col>Box coupling</col>, <cd>a metal collar uniting the ends

of shafts or other parts in machinery.</cd> -- <col>Box

crab</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a crab of the genus

<xex>Calappa<xex>, which, when at rest with the legs retracted,

resembles a box.</cd> -- <col>Box drain</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>,

<cd>a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and

bottom.</cd> -- <col>Box girder</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a

box beam.</cd> -- <col>Box groove</col> <fld>(Metal

Working)</fld>, <cd>a closed groove between two rolls, formed by

a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another.</cd> 

<au>R. W. Raymond.</au> -- <col>Box metal</col>, an alloy of

copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings

of journals, etc. -- <col>Box plait</col>, <cd>a plait that

doubles both to the rigth and the left.</cd> -- <col>Box

turtle</col> <or/ <col>Box tortoise</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a land tortoise or turtle of the genera <spn>Cistudo</spn>

and <spn>Emys</spn>; -- so named because it can withdraw entirely

within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the

lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent

person.</cd>  <au>Emerson.</au> -- <col>In a box</col>, <cd>in a

perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty.</cd>

<mark>(Colloq.)</mark> -- <col>In the wrong box</col>, <cd>out of

one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated.</cd>

<mark>(Colloq.)</mark>  <au>Ridley (1554)</au></cs>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Boxed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Boxing</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To inclose in a box.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To furnish with boxes, as a wheel.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>To inclose with boarding,

lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form.</def>



<cs><col>To box a tree</col>, <cd>to make an incision or hole in

a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap.</cd> -- <col>To box

off</col>, <cd>to divide into tight compartments.</cd> -- <col>To

box up</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To put into a box in order to

save; as, he had <xex>boxed up<xex> twelve score pounds.

<sd>(b)</sd> To confine; as, to be <xex>boxed up<xex> in narrow

quarters.</cd></cs>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.Dan. <ets>baske</ets> to

slap, <ets>bask</ets> slap, blow. Cf. <er>Pash</er>.]</ety>

<def>A blow on the head or ear with the hand.</def>



<q>A good-humored <qex>box</qex> on the ear.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fight with the fist; to

combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar.</def>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike with the hand or

fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the

head.</def>



<hw>Box</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.Sp. <ets>boxar</ets>, now

spelt <ets>bojar</ets>.]</ety> <def>To boxhaul.</def>



<cs><col>To box off</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn the

head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback.</cd>

-- <col>To box the compass</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to name

the thirty-two points of the compass in their order.</cd></cs>



<hw>Box"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>The wintergreern. (<spn>Gaultheria procumbens</spn>).</def>

<mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<-- p. 173 -->





<hw>Box"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of boxwood;

pertaining to, or resembling, the box (<spn>Buxus</spn>).</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>The faded hue of sapless <qex>boxen</qex> leaves.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Box"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who packs

boxes.</def>



<hw>Box"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who boxes; a

pugilist.</def>



<hw>Box"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The trunkfish.</def>



<hw>Box"haul`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boxhauled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> (<fld>Naut</fld>.) <def>To put (a

vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel;

-- so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox

(i. e., sharp aback, on the wind).</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Box"haul`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

method of going from one tack to another. See

<er>Boxhaul</er>.</def>



<hw>Box"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or

transportation.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Material used in making boxes or casings.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The external case of thin

material used to bring any member to a required form.</def>



<hw>Box"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of fighting with the

fist; a combat with the fist; sparring\'3c--pugilism--\'3e.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<cs><col>Boxing glove</col>, <cd>a large padded mitten or glove

used in sparring for exercise or amusement.</cd></cs>



<hw>Box"-i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hollow

smoothing iron containing a heater within.</def>



<hw>Box"keep`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes.</def>



<hw>Box"thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A plant of the genus <xex>Lycium</xex>, esp. <xex>Lycium

barbarum</xex>.</def>



<hw>Box"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The wood of

the box (<spn>Buxus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Boy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>boef</ets>, Fries. <ets>boi</ets>, <ets>boy</ets>; akin to

G. <ets>bube</ets>, Icel. <ets>bofi</ets> rouge.]</ety> <def>A

male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a

son.</def>



<q>My only <qex>boy</qex> fell by the side of great Dundee.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Boy</xex> is often used as a term of

comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural

used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or

party.</note>



<cs><col>Boy bishop</col>, <cd>a boy (usually a chorister)

elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes

and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the

ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated.</cd> <col>The

Old Boy</col>, <cd>the Devil.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark> --

<col>Yellow boys</col>, <cd>guineas.</cd> <mark>[Slang,

Eng.]</mark> -- <col>Boy's love</col>, <cd>a popular English name

of Southernwood (<spn>Artemisia abrotonum</spn>);) -- called also

<altname>lad's love</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Boy's play</col>,

<cd>childish amusements; anything trifling.</cd></cs>



<hw>Boy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To act as a boy; -- in

allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on

the stage.</def>



<q>I shall see

Some squeaking Cleopatra <qex>boy</qex> my greatness.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bo*yar"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bo*yard"</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>boi\'a0rin'</ets>.]</ety> <def>A member of a Russian

aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a

privileged class in Roumania.</def>



<note><hand/ English writers sometimes call Russian landed

proprietors <xex>boyars</xex>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Boy"au</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Boyaux</plw> or <plw>Boyaus</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu>

<ety>[F. <ets>boyau</ets> gut, a long and narrow place, and (of

trenches) a branch. See <er>Bowel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Fort.)</fld>

<def>A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication

from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.</def>



<hw>Boy"cott`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Boycotted</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Boycotting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

Captain <ets>Boycott</ets>, a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so

treated in 1880.]</ety> <def>To combine against (a landlord,

tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or

business relations from him, and to deter others from holding

such relations; to subject to a boycott.</def>



<hw>Boy"cott</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The process, fact, or

pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent

dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.;

social and business interdiction for the purpose of

coercion.</def>



<hw>Boy"cott`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

participant in boycotting.</def>



<hw>Boy"cott*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Methods of

boycotters.</def>



<hw>Boy"de*kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dagger; a

bodkin.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Boy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boeijer</ets>; -- so called because these vessels were

employed for laying the <ets>boeijen</ets>, or buoys: cf. F.

<ets>boyer</ets>. See <er>Buoy</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end.</def>



<au>Sir W. Raleigh.</au>



<hw>Boy"hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boy</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state of

being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.</def>



<au>Hood.</au>



<hw>Boy"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a boy in a

manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling;

puerile.</def>



<q>A <qex>boyish</qex>, odd conceit.</q>

<qau>Baillie.</qau>



<hw>Boy"ish*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a boyish manner;

like a boy.</def>



<hw>Boy"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The manners or behavior

of a boy.</def>



<hw>Boy"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Boyhood.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>T. Warton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The nature of a boy; childishness.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Boyle's" law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Law</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bo"za</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bosa</er>.]</ety> <def>An acidulated fermented drink of the

Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent

substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed,

darnel meal, and water.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bosa</asp>, <asp>bozah</asp>, <asp>bouza</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bra*bant"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.</def>



<hw>Brab"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>brabbelen</ets> to talk confusedly. <?/95. Cf.

<er>Blab</er>, <er>Babble</er>.]</ety> <def>To clamor; to contest

noisily.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Brab"ble</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A broil; a noisy contest; a

wrangle.</def>



<q>This petty <qex>brabble</qex> will undo us all.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brab"ble*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

brabble.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<hw>Brab"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A clamorous,

quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler.</def> <mark>[R]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brac"cate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[L.

<ets>bracatus</ets> wearing breeches, fr. <ets>bracae</ets>

breeches.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Furnished with

feathers which conceal the feet.</def>



<hw>Brace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>brace</ets>, <ets>brasse</ets>, the two arms, embrace,

fathom, F. <ets>brasse</ets> fathom, fr. L. <ets>bracchia</ets>

the arms (stretched out), pl. of <ets>bracchium</ets> arm; cf.

Gr. <?/.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which holds anything

tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or

maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum.</def>



<q>The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing

it as the <qex>braces</qex> of the war drum do in that.</q>

<qau>Derham.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The state of being braced or tight;

tension.</def>



<q>The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its

<qex>brace</qex> or tension.</q>

<qau>Holder.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Arch. & Engin.)</fld> <def>A piece of material

used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure;

any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the

structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a

strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and

transverse strains in its members. A boiler <xex>brace</xex> is a

diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A vertical curved line

connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken

together; thus, <xex>boll</xex>, <xex>bowl</xex>; or, in music,

used to connect staves.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A rope reeved through a block

at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally;

also, a rudder gudgeon.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A curved instrument or handle

of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a

bitstock.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A pair; a couple; <as>as, a <ex>brace</ex> of

ducks</as>; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or

with some contempt.</def> \'bdA <xex>brace</xex> of

greyhounds.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>He is said to have shot . . . fifty <qex>brace</qex> of

pheasants.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>A <qex>brace</qex> of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for

learning and religion, now appeared in the church.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>But you, my <qex>brace</qex> of lords.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Straps or bands to sustain

trousers; suspenders.</def>



<q>I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of

<qex>braces</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Harness; warlike preparation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>For that it stands not in such warlike <qex>brace</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>Armor for the arm; vantbrace.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The mouth of a shaft.</def>

<mark>[Cornwall]</mark>



<cs><col>Angle brace</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Angle</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Braced</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bracing</er>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To furnish with braces; to support; to prop;

<as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> a beam in a building</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of

tension; to strain; to strengthen; <as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> the

nerves</as>.</def>



<q>And welcome war to <qex>brace</qex> her drums.</q>

<qau>Campbell.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly.</def>



<q>The women of China, by <qex>bracing</qex> and binding them

from their infancy, have very little feet.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>Some who spurs had first <qex>braced</qex> on.</q>

<qau> Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To place in a position for resisting pressure;

to hold firmly; <as>as, he <ex>braced</ex> himself against the

crowd</as>.</def>



<q>A sturdy lance in his right hand he <qex>braced</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To move around by means of

braces; <as>as, to <ex>brace</ex> the yards</as>.</def>



<cs><col>To brace about</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn (a

yard) round for the contrary tack.</cd> -- <col>To brace a

yard</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to move it horizontally by

means of a brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace in</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to turn (a yard) by hauling in the

weather brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace one's self</col>, <cd>to

call up one's energies. \'bdHe <xex>braced himself<xex> for an

effort which he was little able to make.\'b8</cd></cs>



<au>J. D. Forbes.</au>



<cs>- <col>To brace to<col> (<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to turn (a

yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the

weather one, to assist in tacking.</cd> -- <col>To brace up</col>

(<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of

the keel by hauling in the lee brace.</cd> -- <col>To brace up

sharp</col> (<fld>Naut</fld>.), <cd>to turn (a yard) as far

forward as the rigging will permit.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brace</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To get tone or vigor; to

rouse one's energies; -with <xex>up</xex>.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Brace"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bracelet</ets>, dim. of OF. <ets>bracel</ets> armlet, prop.

little arm, dim. of <ets>bras</ets> arm, fr. L.

<ets>bracchium</ets>. See <er>Brace</er>,<pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the

arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by

women or girls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece of defensive armor for the arm.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bra"cer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or

bandage.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from

the vibration of the string; also, a brassart.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which

gives tension or tone to any part of the body.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Brach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. 

<ets>brache</ets> a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF.

<ets>brache</ets>, <?/ <ets>braque</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>braccho</ets>, G. <ets>bracke</ets>; possibly akin to E.

<ets>fragrant</ets>, fr. L. <ets>fragrare</ets> to smell.]</ety>

<def>A bitch of the hound kind.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8Brach*el"y*tra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. (<?/) short + <?/ a covering.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of beetles having short

elytra, as the rove beetles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brachium</er>.</def>



<hw>Brach"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> or <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>brachialis</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-), from

<ets>bracchium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm: cf. F.

<ets>brachial</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining or belonging to the arm; <as>as, the

<ex>brachial</ex> artery; the <ex>brachial</ex> nerve.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the nature of an arm; resembling an

arm.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach`i*a"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[See <er>Brachiate</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long

jointed arms. See <er>Crinoidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Brach"i*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brachiatus</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) with boughs or

branches like arms, from <ets>brackium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-)

arm.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having branches in pairs,

decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles

with the next, as in the maple and lilac.</def>



<hw>Brach`i*og"a*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

of the Brachioganoidei.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos><ety>[NL., from L. <ets>brachium</ets>

(<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm + NL. <ets>ganoidei</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An order of ganoid fishes of which the

bichir of Africa is a living example. See

<er>Crossopterygii</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach`i*o*la"ri*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. L.  <ets>brachiolum</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-),

dim. of <ets>brachium</ets> (<ets>bracch</ets>-) arm.]</ety>

<def>(Zo<xex>\'94l</xex>.) A peculiar early larval stage of

certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by

means of bands of vibrating cilia.</def>



<hw>Brach"i*o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>brachiopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of

the Brachiopoda, or its shell.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach`i*op"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ arm + <ets>-poda</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Molluscoidea having a

symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy

peduncle.</def>



<note><hand/ Within the shell is a pair of \'bdarms,\'b8 often

long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by

which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity,

bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of

the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles.

They form two orders; <xex>Lyopoma</xex>, in which the shell is

thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in <xex>Lingula</xex>; and

<xex>Arthropoma</xex>, in which the firm calcareous shell has a

regular hinge, as in <xex>Rhynchonella</xex>. See

<er>Arthropomata</er>.</note>



<hw>\'d8Brach"i*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bracchia</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>brachium</ets> or <ets>bracchium</ets>, arm.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The upper arm; the segment of the fore

limb between the shoulder and the elbow.</def>



<hw>Brach"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Brachmanae</ets>, pl., Gr. <?/.]</ety> <def>See

<er>Brahman</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/; <?/ short + <?/ to leave off; cf. <?/

incomplete.]</ety> <fld>(Gr.& Last. Pros.)</fld> <def>A verse

wanting two syllables at its termination.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brach`y*ce*phal"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*lous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ short + <?/ head.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth;

shortheaded; -- in distinction from

<xex>dolichocephalic</xex>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Brach`y*ceph"a*lism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>Brachyc\'82phalie</ets>]</ety> .

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The state or condition of being

brachycephalic; shortness of head.</def>



<hw>Bra*chyc"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

short + <?/ horn.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having short

antenn\'91, as certain insects.</def>



<hw>Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ short + E. <ets>diagonal</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic

prism.</def>



<cs><col>Brachydiagonal axis</col>, <cd>the shorter lateral axis

of an orthorhombic crystal.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The shorter of

the diagonals in a rhombic prism.</def>



<hw>Brach`y*dome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

short + E. <ets>dome</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Crystallog.)</fld>

<def>A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See

<er>Dome</er>.</def>



<hw>Bra*chyg"ra*pher</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

writer in short hand; a stenographer.</def>



<q>He asked the <qex>brachygrapher</qex> whether he wrote the

notes of the sermon.</q>

<qau>Gayton.</qau>



<hw>Bra*chyg"ra*phy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ short + <ets>-graphy</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>brachygraphie</ets>.]</ety> <def>Stenograhy.</def>



<au> B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bra*chyl"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

:<?/ short + <?/ discourse: cf. F. <ets>brachylogie</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Rhet.)</fld> <def>Conciseness of expression; brevity.</def>



<hw>Brach`y*pin"a*coid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ short + E. <ets>pinacoid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Crytallog.)</fld> <def>A plane of an orthorhombic crystal

which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter

lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bra*chyp"te*ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short-winged; short + <?/ feather,

wing.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Coleoptera

having short wings; the rove beetles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bra*chyp"te*res</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. See <er>Brachyptera</er>. ]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A group of birds, including auks, divers, and

penguins.</def>



<hw>Bra*chyp"ter*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ :cf. F. <ets>brachypt\'8are</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Having short wings.</def>



<hw>Bra*chys"to*chrone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Incorrect for <ets>brachistochrone</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/

shortest (superl. of <?/ short) + <?/ time : cf. F.

<ets>brachistochrone</ets>. ]</ety> <fld>(Math.)</fld> <def>A

curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and

descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another

given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path.

This <xex>curve of quickest descent</xex>, as it is sometimes

called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the

<xex>cycloid</xex>.</def>



<hw>Brach"y*ty`pous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ short + <?/ stamp, form.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Of a

short form.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brach`y*u"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short + <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of decapod Crustacea,

including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short

abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax.

<altsp>[Also spelt <asp>Brachyoura</asp>.]</altsp> See

<er>Crab</er>, and <xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brach`y*u"ral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Brach`y*u"rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>brachyure</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.</def>



<hw>Brach`y*u"ran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the Brachyura.</def>



<hw>Bra"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Imparting

strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; <as>as, a

<ex>bracing</ex> north wind</as>.</def>



<hw>Bra"cing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a

brace or braces; the state of being braced.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>Any system of braces;

braces, collectively; <as>as, the <ex>bracing</ex> of a

truss</as>.</def>



<-- p. 174 -->



<hw>Brack</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.D.

<ets>braak</ets>, Dan. <ets>br\'91k</ets>, a breaking, Sw. &

Isel. <ets>brak</ets> a crackling, creaking. Cf.

<er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <def>An opening caused by the parting of

any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.</def>



<q>Stain or <qex>brack</qex> in her sweet reputation.</q>

<qau>J. Fletcher.</qau>



<hw>Brack</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>brak</ets>, adj.,

salt; cf. LG. <ets>wrak</ets> refuse, G. <ets>brack</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Salt or brackish water.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Brack"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>braken</ets>, AS. <ets>bracce</ets>. See <er>2d Brake</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A brake or fern.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Brack"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.OF.

<ets>braguette</ets> codpiece, F. <ets>brayette</ets>, Sp.

<ets>bragueta</ets>, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim.

fr.L. <ets>bracae</ets> breeches; cf. also, OF. <ets>bracon</ets>

beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf.

<er>Breeches</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An architectural member,

plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support

weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature

seeming to discharge such an office.</def>



<note><hand/ This is the more general word. See <er>Brace</er>,

<er>Cantalever</er>, <er>Console</er>, <er>Corbel</er>,

<er>Strut</er>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Engin. & Mech.)</fld> <def>A piece or

combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape,

projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to

support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A shot, crooked timber,

resembling a knee, used as a support.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The cheek or side of an

ordnance carriage.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>One of two characters [],

used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to

be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to

rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain

other purposes; -- called also <altname>crotchet</altname>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the

face of a wall, column, or the like.</def>



<cs><col>Bracket light</col>, <cd>a gas fixture or a lamp

attached to a wall, column, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brack"et</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bracketed</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bracketing</er>]</wordforms> <def>To place within brackets;

to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.</def>



<hw>Brack"et*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.</def>



<hw>Brack"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brack</er> salt water.]</ety> <def>Saltish, or salt in a

moderate degree, as water in saline soil.</def>



<q>Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all <qex>brackish</qex>

though they be.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Brack"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state

of being brackish, or somewhat salt.</def>



<hw>Brack"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brackish.</def>



<au>Drayton.</au>



<hw>Bract</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bractea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the

axil of which a flower stalk arises.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any

modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a

flower.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bracts</xex> are often inconspicuous, but

sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many

cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous

forms of bracts.</note>



<hw>\'d8Brac"te*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A bract.</def>



<hw>Brac"te*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.F.

<ets>bract\'82al</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having the nature or

appearance of a bract.</def>



<hw>Brac"te*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.L.

<ets>bracteatus</ets> covered with gold plate.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Having a bract or bracts.</def>



<hw>Bract"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Furnished with bracts.</def>



<hw>Brac"te*o*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Furnished with bracteoles or

bractlets.</def>



<hw>Brac"te*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bracteola</ets>, dim. of <ets>bractea</ets>. See

<er>Bractea</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Same as

<er>Bractlet</er>.</def>



<hw>Bract"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Destitute of bracts.</def>



<hw>Bract"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bract</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on

a main stalk that support several flowers.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Brad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.OE.

<ets>brod</ets>, Dan. <ets>braad</ets> prick, sting,

<ets>brodde</ets> ice spur, frost nail, Sw. <ets>brodd</ets>

frost nail, Icel. <ets>broddr</ets> any pointed piece of iron or

stell; akin to AS. <ets>brord</ets> point, spire of grass, and

perh. to E. <ets>bristle</ets>. See <er>Bristle</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A thin nail, usually small, with a

slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also,

a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small,

tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk

head.</def>



<hw>Brad" awl`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A straight awl with chisel

edge, used to make holes for brads, etc.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<hw>Bra*doon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bridoon</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brae</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bray</er> a hill.]</ety> <def>A hillside; a slope; a bank; a

hill.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Brag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bragged</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Bragging</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braggen</ets> to

resound, blow, boast (cf. F. <ets>braguer</ets> to lead a merry

life, flaunt, boast, OF. <ets>brague</ets> merriment), from Icel.

<ets>braka</ets> to creak, <ets>brak</ets> noise, fr. the same

root as E. <ets>break</ets>; properly then, to make a noise,

boast. <?/<er>95</er>.]</ety> <def>To talk about one's self, or

things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite

admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; --

often followed by <xex>of</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>brag</ex> of

one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one

intends to do</as>.</def>



<q>Conceit, more rich in matter than in words,

<qex>Brags</qex> of his substance, not of ornament.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish;

talk big.</syn>



<hw>Brag</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To boast of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brag</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>  <sn>1.</sn> <def>A boast or

boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self

glorification.</def>



<q>C\'91sar . . . made not here his <qex>brag</qex>

Of \'bdcame,\'b8 and \'bdsaw,\'b8 and \'bdovercame.\'b8</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thing which is boasted of.</def>



<q>Beauty is Nature's <qex>brag</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A game at cards similar to bluff.</def>



<qau>Chesterfield.</qau>



<hw>Brag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brag</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>Brisk; full of

spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.</def>

<mark>[Arhaic]</mark>



<q>A <qex>brag</qex> young fellow.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Brag</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Proudly; boastfully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fuller.</au>



<hw>Brag`ga*do"cio</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Braggadocchio</ets>, a boastful character in Spenser's

\'bdFa\'89rie Queene.\'b8]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.</def>



<hw>Brag"gard*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Braggart</er>.]</ety> <def>Boastfulness; act of

bragging.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brag"gart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bragard</ets> flaunting, vain, bragging. See <er>Brag</er>,

<pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>A boaster.</def>



<q>O, I could play the woman with mine eyes,

 And <qex>braggart</qex> with my tongue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brag"gart</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Boastful.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Brag"gart*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Brag"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who brags;

a boaster.</def>



<hw>Brag"get</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>braket</ets>, <ets>bragot</ets>, fr. W. <ets>bragawd</ets>,

<ets>bragod</ets>, fr. <ets>brag</ets> malt.]</ety> <def>A liquor

made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Brag"ging`ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Boastingly.</def>



<hw>Brag"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without bragging.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brag"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a manner to be bragged

of; finely; proudly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Brah"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brahman</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Hindoo Myth.)</fld> <def>The One First Cause;

also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of

<xex>Brahma</xex>, the Creator, <xex>Vishnu</xex>, the Preserver,

and <xex>Siva</xex>, the Destroyer.</def>



<note><hand/ According to the Hindoo religious books,

<xex>Brahma</xex> (with the final <xex>a</xex> short), or

<xex>Brahm</xex>, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the

All in All, while the personal gods, <xex>Brahm\'a0</xex> (with

the final <xex>a</xex> long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or

manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A valuable variety of

large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided

lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There

are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called

also <altname>Brahmapootra</altname>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brah"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brah"min</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. 

<plw>Brahmans</plw>, <plw>Brahmins</plw>.</plu> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>Br\'behmana</ets> (cf. <ets>Brahman</ets> worship, holiness;

the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F. <ets>Brahmane</ets>,

<ets>Brachmane</ets>, <ets>Bramine</ets>, L.

<ets>Brachmanae</ets>, <ets>-manes</ets>, <ets>-mani</ets>, pl.,

Gr. <?/, pl.]</ety> <def>A person of the highest or sacerdotal

caste among the Hindoos.</def>



<cs><col>Brahman bull</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the male

of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the

Hindoos.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brah"man*ess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

Brahmani.</def>



<hw>Brah"man*i</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Fem. of

<ets>Brahman</ets>.]</ety> <def>Any Brahman woman.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>Brahmanee</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brah*man"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>-ic*al</hw>  

<pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brah*min"ic</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<hw>*ic*al</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,}</mhw> <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and

worship.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brah"man*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brah"min*ism</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>The religion or system

of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brah"man*ist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brah"min*ist</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <def>An adherent of the

religion of the Brahmans.</def>



<hw>Brah"mo*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

religious system of Brahmo-somaj.</def>



<au>Balfour.</au>



<hw>Brah`mo-so*maj"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Bengalese, a wor<?/hiping assembly.]</ety> <def>A modern

reforming theistic sect among the Hindos.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>Brahma-samaj</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Braid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. &. p. p.</pos> <er>Braided</er>; <pos>p.

pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Braiding</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>braiden</ets>, <ets>breiden</ets>, to pull, reach, braid,

AS. <ets>bregdan</ets> to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to

Icel. <ets>breg<?/a</ets>, D. <ets>breiden</ets> to knit, OS.

<ets>bregdan</ets> to weave, OHG. <ets>brettan</ets> to brandish.

Cf. <er>Broid</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as

three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to

plait.</def>



<q><qex>Braid</qex> your locks with rosy twine.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft

consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some

culinary operations.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To reproach. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Upbraid</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Braid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving

together different strands.</def>



<q>A <qex>braid</qex> of hair composed of two different colors

twined together.</q>

<qau>Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen,

used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.</def>



<hw>Braid</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.Icel. <ets>breg<?/a</ets>

to move quickly.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A quick motion; a start.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sackville.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fancy; freak; caprice.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>R. Hyrde.</au>



<hw>Braid</hw> <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To start; to awake.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Braid</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>br\'91d</ets>,

<ets>bred</ets>, deceit; akin to Icel. <ets>brag<?/</ets> trick,

AS. <ets>bredan</ets>, <ets>bregdan</ets>, to braid, knit,

(hence) to knit a net, to draw into a net,

<ets>i</ets>.<ets>e</ets>., to deceive. See <er>Braid</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>Deceitful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Since Frenchmen are so <qex>braid</qex>,

Marry that will, I live and die a maid.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Braid"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

making or using braids.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Braids, collectively; trimming.</def>



<q>A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars,

and <qex>braiding</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Brail</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brayle</ets> furling rope, OF. <ets>braiol</ets> a band

placed around the breeches, fr.F. <ets>braies</ets>, pl.,

breeches, fr.L.  <ets>braca</ets>, <ets>bracae</ets>, breeches, a

Gallic word; cf. Arm. <ets>bragez</ets>.  Cf.

<er>Breeches</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A thong of soft leather to

bind up a hawk's wing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Ropes

passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches,

bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stock at each end of a seine to keep it

stretched.</def>



<hw>Brail</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To haul

up by the brails; -- used with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, <ex>to

brail</ex> up a sail</as>.</def>



<hw>Brain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brain</ets>, <ets>brein</ets>, AS. <ets>bragen</ets>,

<ets>br\'91gen</ets>; akin to LG. <ets>br\'84gen</ets>,

<ets>bregen</ets>, D. <ets>brein</ets>, and perh. to Gr. <?/, the

upper part of head, if <?/ =<?/ <?/ <er>95</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The whitish mass of soft

matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of

consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the

cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply

the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed

from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with

the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles

become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken

unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and

hind-brain.</def>



<note><hand/ In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest

part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang

the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely

cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is

divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by

grooves (the so-called fissures and sulci), and the two

hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal

fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the

<xex>corpus callosum</xex>, while the two halves of the

cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the

bridge, or <xex>pons Varolii</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The anterior or cephalic

ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the

understanding.</def> \'bd My <xex>brain</xex> is too dull.\'b8



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<note><hand/ In this sense, often used in the plural.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The affections; fancy; imagination.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>To have on the brain</col>, <cd>to have constantly in

one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania.

<mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>



<cs><mcol><col>Brain box</col> <or/ <col>case</col></mcol>,

<cd>the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Brain coral</col>, <col>Brain stone coral</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld>, <cd>a massive reef-building coral having

the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to

resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of

the genera <spn>M\'91andrina</spn> and <spn>Diploria</spn>.</cd>

-- <col>Brain fag</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>brain weariness.

See <er>Cerebropathy</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brain fever</col>

<fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>fever in which the brain is specially

affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever.</cd> --

<col>Brain sand</col>, <cd>calcareous matter found in the pineal

gland.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brain</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brained</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Braining</er>.]</wordforms>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating

out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to

defeat.</def>



<q>There thou mayst <qex>brain</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>It was the swift celerity of the death . . . 

That <qex>brained</qex> my purpose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To conceive; to understand.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q><?/T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen

Tongue, and <qex>brain</qex> not.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brained</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <def>Supplied with

brains.</def>



<q>If th' other two be <qex>brained</qex> like us.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brain"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Hot-headed; furious.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brain"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without understanding;

silly; thougthless; witless.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Brain"less*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Brain"pan`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Brain</ets> + <ets>pan</ets>.]</ety> <def>The bones

which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium.</def>



<hw>Brain"sick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Disordered

in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Brain"sick*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Brain"sick`ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brainsick

manner.</def>



<hw>Brain"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having an

active or vigorous mind.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Braise</hw>, <hw>Braize</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from its iridescent colors.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A European marine fish (<spn>Pagrus

vulgaris</spn>) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name

is sometimes applied to the related species.</def> <altsp>[Also

written <asp>brazier</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Braise</hw>, <hw>Braize</hw>  }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Charcoal powder; breeze.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>Braised meat.</def>



<hw>Braise</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>braiser</ets>,

fr. <ets>braise</ets> coals.]</ety> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To

stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan.</def>



<q>A <qex>braising</qex> kettle has a deep cover which holds

coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as

below.</q>

<qau>Mrs. Henderson.</qau>



<hw>Brais"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kettle or

pan for braising.</def>



<hw>Brait</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.W.

<ets>braith</ets> variegated, Ir. <ets>breath</ets>,

<ets>breagh</ets>, fine, comely.]</ety> <def>A rough

diamond.</def>



<hw>Braize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Braise</er>.</def>



<hw>Brake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>imp.</pos> <def>of

<er>Break</er>.</def> <mark>[Arhaic]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Brake</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>brake</ets> fern;

cf. AS. <ets>bracce</ets> fern, LG.  <ets>brake</ets> willow

bush, Da. <ets>bregne</ets> fern, G. <ets>brach</ets> fallow;

prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of

E. <ets>break</ets>. See <er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, cf.

<er>Bracken</er>, and <er>2d Brake</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A fern of the genus

<xex>Pteris</xex>, esp. the <xex>P</xex>. <xex>aquilina</xex>,

common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing

into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and

brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes.</def>



<q>Rounds rising hillocks, <qex>brakes</qex> obscure and rough,

To shelter thee from tempest and from rain.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He stayed not for <qex>brake</qex>, <qex>and he stopped not

for stone</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Cane brake</col>, <cd>a thicket of canes. See

<er>Canebrake</er>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 175 -->



<hw>Brake</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brake</ets>; cf. LG. <ets>brake</ets> an instrument for

breaking flax, G. <ets>breche</ets>, fr. the root of E.

<ets>break</ets>. See <ets>Break</ets>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument or machine

to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may

be separated from the fiber.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An extended handle by means of which a number of

men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A baker's kneading though.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A sharp bit or snaffle.</def>



<q>Pampered jades . . . which need nor <qex>break</qex> nor

bit.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A frame for confining a refractory horse while

the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle,

horses, etc.</def>



<q>A horse . . . which Philip had bought . . . and because of his

fierceness kept him within a <qex>brake</qex> of iron bars.</q>

<qau>J. Brende.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>That part of a carriage, as of a movable

battery, or engine, which enables it to turn.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An ancient engine of war

analogous to the crossbow and ballista.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A large, heavy harrow for

breaking clods after plowing; a drag.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping

motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the

pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets

against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a

wheel or drum in a machine.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Engin.)</fld> <def>An apparatus for testing

the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the

amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction

brake.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>A cart or carriage without a body, used in

breaking in horses.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>An ancient instrument of torture.</def>



<au>Holinshed.</au>



<cs><col>Air brake</col>. <cd>See <er>Air brake</er>, in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brake beam</col> <or/ <col>Brake

bar</col></mcol>, <cd>the beam that connects the brake blocks of

opposite wheels.</cd> -- <col>Brake block</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>The part of a brake holding the brake shoe.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>A brake shoe.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brake shoe</col> or

<col>Brake rubber</col></mcol>, <cd>the part of a brake against

which the wheel rubs.</cd> -- <col>Brake wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel

on the platform or top of a car by which brakes are

operated.</cd> -- <col>Continuous brake</col> . <cd>See under

<er>Continuous</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brake"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brakemen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Railroads)</fld> <def>A man in charge of a

brake or brakes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The man in charge of the

winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine.</def>



<hw>Brak"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of brakes;

abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny.</def>



<q>In the woods and <qex>braky</qex> glens.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Bra"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brahma</er>.</def>



<hw>Bra"mah press`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A hydrostatic press of

immense power, invented by Joseph <xex>Bramah</xex> of London.

See under <er>Hydrostatic</er>.</def>



<hw>Bram"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brembil</ets>, AS.<ets>br</ets><?/mbel, br<?/mbel (akin to

OHG. <ets>bramal</ets>), fr. the same root as E.

<ets>broom</ets>, As. <ets>br<?/m</ets>. See

<er>Broom</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any

plant of the genus <spn>Rubus</spn>, including the raspberry and

blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub.</def>



<q>The thorny <qex>brambles</qex>, and embracing bushes.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The brambling or bramble

finch.</def>



<hw>Bram"ble bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.</def>



<q>He jumped into a <qex>bramble bush</qex>

And scratched out both his eyes.</q>

<qau>Mother Goose.</qau>



<hw>Bram"bled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Overgrown

with brambles.</def>



<q>Forlorn she sits upon the <qex>brambled</qex> floor.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<hw>Bram"ble net`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A net to catch

birds.</def>



<hw>Bram"bling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bramline</ets>. See <er>Bramble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European mountain finch (Fringilla

montifringilla); -- called also <altname>bramble finch</altname>

and <altname>bramble</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bram"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

resembling, or full of, brambles.</def> \'bdIn <xex>brambly</xex>

wildernesses.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Brame</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Breme</er>.]</ety> <def>Sharp passion; vexation.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Heart-burning <qex>brame</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bra"min</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bra*min"ic</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr><def>, etc. See <er>Brahman</er>,

<er>Brachmanic</er>, etc.</def>



<hw>Bran</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bren</ets>, <ets>bran</ets>, OF. <ets>bren</ets>, F.

<ets>bran</ets>, from Celtic; cf. Armor. <ets>brenn</ets>, Ir.

<ets>bran</ets>, bran, chaff.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The broken

coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated

from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy

part of ground grain.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European carrion

crow.</def>



<hw>Bran"card</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A litter on which a person may be carried.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Coigrave.</au>



<hw>Branch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Branches</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>braunche</ets>, F. <ets>branche</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>branca</ets> claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor.

<ets>brank</ets> branch, bough.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shoot or secondary stem growing from the

main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other

plant.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any division extending like a branch; any arm or

part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; <as>as,

the <ex>branch</ex> of an antler; the <ex>branch</ex> of a

chandelier; a <ex>branch</ex> of a river; a <ex>branch</ex> of a

railway.</as></def>



<q>Most of the <qex>branches</qex> , or streams, were dried

up.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any member or part of a body or system; a

distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department.</def>

\'bd<xex>Branches</xex> of knowledge.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<q>It is a <qex>branch</qex> and parcel of mine oath.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Geom.)</fld> <def>One of the portions of a

curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance;

<as>as, the <ex>branches</ex> of an hyperbola</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A line of family descent, in distinction from

some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in

such a line; <as>as, the English <ex>branch</ex> of a

family</as>.</def>



<q>His father, a younger <qex>branch</qex> of the ancient

stock.</q>

<qau>Carew.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A warrant or commission given

to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain

waters.</def>



<cs><col>Branches of a bridle</col>, <cd>two pieces of bent iron,

which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb.</cd> --

<col>Branch herring</col>. <cd>See <er>Alewife</er>.</cd> --

<col>Root and branch</col> , <cd>totally, wholly.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.</syn>



<hw>Branch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Diverging from,

or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; <as>as, a

<ex>branch</ex> vein; a <ex>branch</ex> road or line; a

<ex>branch</ex> topic; a <ex>branch</ex> store.</as></def>



<hw>Branch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Branched</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Branching</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to

ramify.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To divide into separate parts or

subdivision.</def>



<cs><col>To branch off</col>, <cd>to form a branch or a separate

part; to diverge.</cd> -- <col>To branch out</col>, <cd>to speak

diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the

main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business,

etc.</cd></cs>



<q>To <qex>branch out</qex> into a long disputation.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Branch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To divide as

into branches; to make subordinate division in.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adorn with needlework representing branches,

flowers, or twigs.</def>



<q>The train whereof loose far behind her strayed,

<qex>Branched</qex> with gold and pearl, most richly wrought.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Branch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in

various directions.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Falconry)</fld> <def>A young hawk when it

begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.</def>



<hw>Branch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A system of

branches.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bran"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Branchi\'91</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/,

pl. of <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A gill; a respiratory

organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many

aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.</def>



<hw>Bran"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to branchi\'91 or

gills.</def>



<cs><col>Branchial arches</col>, <cd>the bony or cartilaginous

arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of

fishes and amphibians. See <xex>Illustration<xex> in

Appendix.</cd> -- <col>Branchial clefts</col>, <cd>the openings

between the branchial arches through which water

passes.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bran"chi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Furnished with branchi\'91; <as>as,

<ex>branchiate</ex> segments</as>.</def>



<hw>Bran*chif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Having gills; branchiate; <as><as>as,

<ex>branchiferous</ex> gastropods</as></as>.</def>



<hw>Branch"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fullness

of branches.</def>



<hw>Branch"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Furnished with branches;

shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches.</def>



<q>Shaded with <qex>branching</qex> palm.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Branch"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act or state of

separation into branches; division into branches; a division or

branch.</def>



<q>The sciences, with their numerous <qex>branchings</qex>.</q>

<qau>L. Watts.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bran`chi*o*gas*trop"o*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.

pl.</pos> <ety>[NL., from Gr. <?/ gill + E.

<ets>gastropoda</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Those

Gastropoda that breathe by branchi\'91, including the

Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata.</def>



<hw>Bran`chi*om"er*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ gill + <ets>-mere</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The

state of being made up of branchiate segments.</def>



<au>R. Wiedersheim.</au>



<hw>Bran"chi*o*pod</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One of

the Branchiopoda.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bran"chi*o*poda</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[Gr. <?/ gill + <ets>-poda</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>branchiopode</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

order of Entomostraca; -- so named from the feet of branchiopods

having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It

includes the fresh-water genera <xex>Branchipus</xex>,

<xex>Apus</xex>, and <xex>Limnadia</xex>, and the genus

<xex>Artemia</xex> found in salt lakes. It is also called

<xex>Phyllopoda</xex>. See <er>Phyllopoda</er>,

<er>Cladocera</er>. It is sometimes used in a broader

sense.</def>



<hw>Bran`chi*os"te*gal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ gill + <?/ to cover: cf. F.

<ets>branchiost\'8age</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of

fishes.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A

branchiostegal ray. See <xex>Illustration</xex> of

<cref>Branchial arches</cref> in Appendix.</def></def2>



<note><hand/ This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes

having boneless branchi\'91. But the arrangement was artificial,

and has been rejected.</note>



<hw>Bran`chi*os"tege</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The branchiostegal membrane. See <xex>Illustration</xex> in

Appendix.</def>



<hw>Bran`chi*os"te*gous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Branchiostegal.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bran`chi*os"to*ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr., Gr. <?/ gill + <?/ mouth.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lancelet. See

<er>Amphioxus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bran"chi*u"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr., Gr. <?/ gill + <?/ tail.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A group of Entomostraca, with

suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the

carp lice (<spn>Argulus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Branch"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Destitude

of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren;

naked.</def>



<hw>Branch"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Branch</ets> + <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little

branch; a twig.</def>



<hw>Branch" pi`lot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A pilot who has a

branch or commission, as from Trinity House, England, for special

navigation.</def>



<hw>Branch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of

branches.</def>



<q>Beneath thy <qex>branchy</qex> bowers of thickest gloom.</q>

<qau>J. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Brand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brand</ets>, <ets>brond</ets>, AS. <ets>brand brond</ets>

brand, sword, from <ets>byrnan</ets>, <ets>beornan</ets>, to

burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. <ets>brand</ets> brand, Icel.

<ets>brandr</ets> a brand, blade of a sword. <root/32.  See

<er>Burn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Brandish</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A burning piece of

wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning

or after the fire is extinct.</def>



<q>Snatching a live <qex>brand</qex> from a wigwam, Mason threw

it on a matted roof.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A sword, so called from its glittering or

flashing brightness.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>Paradise, so late their happy seat,

Waved over by that flaming <qex>brand</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon

a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the

contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a

mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a

stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; <as>as, a good

<ex>brand</ex> of flour</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron.

Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma.</def>



<q>The <qex>brand</qex> of private vice.</q>

<qau>Channing.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>An instrument to brand with; a branding

iron.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Any minute fungus which

produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many

species and several genera of the order

<spn>Puccini\'91i</spn>.</def>



<hw>Brand</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Branded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Branding</er>.]</wordforms>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>To burn a

distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate

quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a

convict).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any

other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name

of manufacture, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma,

upon.</def>



<q>The Inquisition <qex>branded</qex> its victims with

infamy.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<q>There were the enormities, <qex>branded</qex> and condemned by

the first and most natural verdict of common humanity.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot

iron.</def>



<q>As if it were <qex>branded</qex> on my mind.</q>

<qau>Geo. Eliot.</qau>



<hw>Brand"er<pos>hw> <pr>(#)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gridiron.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Brand" goose`</hw> <pr>(#)</pr>. <ety>[Prob. fr. 1st

<ets>brand</ets> + <ets>goose</ets>: cf. Sw.

<ets>brandg\'86s</ets>. Cf. <er>Brant</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goose (<spn>Branta

bernicla</spn>) usually called in America

<altname>brant</altname>. See <er>Brant</er>.</def>



<hw>Bran"died</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mingled with

brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or

treated with brandy; <as>as, <ex>brandied</ex>

peaches</as>.</def>



<hw>Brand"ing i`*ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An iron to brand

with.</def>



<hw>Brand" i`ron</hw>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A branding iron.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A trivet to set a pot on.</def>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The horizontal bar of an andiron.</def>



<hw>Bran"dish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brandished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brandishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>braundisen</ets>, F. <ets>brandir</ets>, fr.

<ets>brand</ets> a sword, fr. OHG. <ets>brant</ets> brand. See

<er>Brand</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To move or

wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to

shake or flourish.</def>



<q>The quivering lance which he <qex>brandished</qex> bright.</q>

<qau>Drake.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To play with; to flourish; <as>as, to

<ex>brandish</ex> syllogisms</as>.</def>



<hw>Bran"dish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A flourish, as with a

weapon, whip, etc.</def> \'bd<xex>Brandishes</xex> of the

fan.\'b8



<au>Tailer.</au>



<hw>Bran"dish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

brandishes.</def>



<hw>Bran"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brandiller</ets>.]</ety> <def>To shake; to totter.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brand"ling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brand"lin</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> }</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Branlin</er>, fish and worm.</def>



<hw>Brand"-new"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brand</er>, and cf. <er>Brannew</er>.]</ety> <def>Quite new;

bright as if fresh from the forge.</def>



<hw>Brand" spore`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>One

of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by

one of the fungi called <xex>brand</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bran"dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brandies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[From older

<ets>brandywine</ets>, <ets>brandwine</ets>, fr. D.

<ets>brandewijn</ets>, fr. p. p. of <ets>branden</ets> to burn,

distill + <ets>wijn</ets> wine, akin to G. <ets>branntwein</ets>.

See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <def>A strong alcoholic liquor

distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled

from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled

from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to

a spirit obtained from grain.</def>



<cs><col>Brandy fruit</col>, <cd>fruit preserved in brandy and

sugar.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bran"dy*wine`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Brandy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Bran"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>brangled</ets> confused, entangled, Scot. <ets>brangle</ets>

to shake, menace; probably a variant of <ets>wrangle</ets>,

confused with <ets>brawl</ets>. <root/95.> ]</ety> <def>A

wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>A <qex>brangle</qex> between him and his neighbor.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<hw>Bran"gle</hw>, <pos>v.i</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brangled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brangling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To

wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bran"gle*ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Wrangle;

brangle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bran"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A quarrelsome

person.</def>



<hw>Bran"gling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

quarrel.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Whitlock.</au>



<hw>Brank</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. of Celtic

origin; cf. L. <ets>brance</ets>, <ets>brace</ets>, the Gallic

name of a particularly white kind of corn.]</ety>

<def>Buckwheat.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brank</hw>, <hw>Branks</hw>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>brangus</ets>, <ets>brangas</ets>, a sort of

pillory, Ir. <ets>brancas</ets> halter, or D. <ets>pranger</ets>

fetter.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of bridle with wooden side

pieces.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used

for correcting scolding women. It was an iron frame surrounding

the head and having a triangular piece entering the mouth of the

scold.</def>



<hw>Brank</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To hold up and

toss the head; -- applied to horses as spurning the bit.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prance; to caper.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Brank"ur*sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>branc-ursine</ets>, <ets>branch-ursine</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>branca</ets> claw + L. <ets>ursinus</ets> belonging to a

bear (fr. <ets>ursus</ets> bear), <ets>i</ets> .<ets>e</ets>.,

bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf.

<er>Branch</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bear's-breech, or

Acanthus.</def>



<hw>Bran"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>branlie</ets> fr. <ets>brand</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A young salmon or parr, in the stage

in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a

gridiron.</def>



<hw>Bran"lin</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety>

<def>A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small

fresh-water fish; -- so called from its red color.</def>



<hw>Bran"-new"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brand-new</er>.</def>



<hw>Bran"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran.</def>



<au>Wiseman.</au>



<hw>Bran"sle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brawl</er> a dance.]</ety> <def>A brawl or dance.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<-- p. 176 -->



<hw>Brant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.<er>Brand

goose</er>, <er>Brent</er>, <er>Brenicle</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A species of wild goose (<spn>Branta

bernicla</spn>) -- called also <altname>brent</altname> and

<altname>brand goose</altname>. The name is also applied to other

related species.</def>



<hw>Brant</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Brent</er>.]</ety>

<def>Steep.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bran"tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European redstart; -- so called

from the red color of its tail.</def>



<hw>Brant"-fox`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>brand-fox</ets>; cf. G. <ets>brandfuchs</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bradr\'84f</ets>. So called from its yellowish brown and

somewhat black color. See <er>Brand</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A kind of fox found in Sweden

(<spn>Vulpes alopex</spn>), smaller than the common fox <spn>(V.

vulgaris)</spn>, but probably a variety of it.</def>



<hw>Bran"u*lar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Relating to

the brain; cerebral.</def>



<au>I. Taylor.</au>



<hw>Bra"sen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Brazen</er>.</def>



<hw>Brash</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael.

<ets>bras</ets> or G. <ets>barsch</ets> harsh, sharp, tart,

impetuous, D. <ets>barsch</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>barsk</ets>.]</ety> <def>Hasty in temper; impetuous.</def>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Brash</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Amer. <ets>bresk</ets>,

<ets>brusk</ets>, fragile, brittle.]</ety> <def>Brittle, as wood

or vegetables.</def> <mark>[Colloq., U. S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Brash</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Brash</er>

brittle.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A rash or eruption; a sudden or

transient fit of sickness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of

hedges.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Geol.)</fld> <def>Broken and angular fragments

of rocks underlying alluvial deposits.</def>



<au>Lyell.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Broken fragments of ice.</def>



<au>Kane.</au>



<cs><col>Water brash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>an affection

characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach

with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis.</cd> --

<col>Weaning brash</col> <fld>(Med.)</fld>, <cd>a severe form of

diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bra"sier</hw>, <hw>Bra"zier</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>brasiere</ets>, F.

<ets>braise</ets> live coals. See <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>An

artificer who works in brass.</def>



<au>Franklin.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bra"sier</hw>, <hw>Bra"zier</hw>  }</mhw>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>brasier</ets>,

<ets>brais\'a1er</ets>, fr. <ets>braise</ets> live coals. See

<er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>A pan for holding burning

coals.</def>



<hw>Brass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brasses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE. <ets>bras</ets>,

<ets>bres</ets>, AS. <ets>br</ets>\'91<ets>s</ets>; akin to Icel.

<ets>bras</ets> cement, solder, <ets>brasa</ets> to harden by

fire, and to E. <ets>braze</ets>, <ets>brazen</ets>. Cf. 1st & 2d

<er>Braze</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An alloy (usually yellow)

of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing

two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains

tin, and rarely other metals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>A journal bearing, so called

because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a

softer metal, when the latter is generally called a <xex>white

metal lining</xex>. See <er>Axle box</er>, <er>Journal Box</er>,

and <er>Bearing</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor <qex>brass</qex> in your

purses, nor scrip for your journey.</q>

<qau>Matt. x. 9.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Impudence; a brazen face.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Utensils, ornaments, or other

articles of brass.</def>



<q>The very scullion who cleans the <qex>brasses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hopkinson.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A brass plate engraved with a figure or device.

Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally

having the portrait, coat of arms, etc.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Lumps of

pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that

of brass.</def>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>brass</xex> as used in Sculpture

language is a translation for <xex>copper</xex> or some kind of

<xex>bronze</xex>.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>Brass</xex> is often used adjectively or in

self-explaining compounds; as, <xex>brass</xex> button,

<xex>brass</xex> kettle, <xex>brass</xex> founder,

<xex>brass</xex> foundry or <xex>brass</xex>foundry.</note>



<cs><col>Brass band</col> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>, <cd>a band of

musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as

trumpets, cornets, etc.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brass foil</col>,

<col>Brass leaf</col></mcol>, <cd>brass made into very thin

sheets; -- called also <altname>Dutch gold</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bras"sage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; -- now

called <altname>seigniorage</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bras"sart</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brassard</ets>, fr. <ets>bras</ets> arm. See <er>Brace</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Armor for the arm; -- generally used

for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting,

in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts.</def>



<hw>Brasse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. a

transposition of <ets>barse</ets>; but cf. LG. <ets>brasse</ets>

the bream, G. <ets>brassen</ets> Cf. <er>Bream</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A spotted European fish of the genus

<xex>Lucioperca</xex>, resembling a perch.</def>



<hw>Bras"sets</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brassart</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bras"si*ca</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

cabbage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of plants

embracing several species ad varieties differing much in

appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage <spn>(B.

oleracea)</spn>, broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip

<spn>(B. campestris)</spn>; the common turnip <spn>(B.

rapa)</spn>; the rape of coleseed <spn>(B. napus)</spn>,

etc.</def>



<hw>Bras`si*ca"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brassica</ets> cabbage.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the

Cabbage family.</def>



<hw>Brass"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state,

conditions, or quality of being brassy.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Brass"-vis"aged</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Impudent; bold.</def>



<hw>Brass"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Of

or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or

hardness, of brass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Impudent; impudently bold.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Brast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Burst</er>.]</ety> <def>To burst.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And both his y\'89n <qex>braste</qex> out of his face.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<q>Dreadfull furies which their chains have <qex>brast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Brat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bratt</ets> coarse garnment, AS. <ets>bratt</ets> cloak, fr.

the Celtic; cf. W. <ets>brat</ets> clout, rag, Gael.

<ets>brat</ets> cloak, apron, raf, Ir. <ets>brat</ets> cloak;

properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse

clothing, in general.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes

clean; a bib.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a

good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense.</def>

\'bdThis <xex>brat</xex> is none of mine.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> 

\'bdA beggar's <xex>brat</xex>.\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>O Israel! O household of the Lord!

O Abraham's <qex>brats</qex>! O brood of blessed seed!</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The young of an animal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>L'Estrange.</au>



<hw>Brat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of

lime.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brat"sche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G., fr.

It. viola da <ets>braccio</ets> viola held on the arm.]</ety>

<def>The tenor viola, or viola.</def>



<hw>Brat"tice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brettice</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A

wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for

ventilation.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Planking to support a roof

or wall.</def>



<hw>Brat"tish*ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>See <er>Brattice</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>Carved openwork, as of a

shrine, battlement, or parapet.</def>



<hw>Braun"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color.

It was named from a Mr. <xex>Braun</xex> of Gotha.</def>



<hw>Bra*vade"</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Bravado.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Fanshawe.</au>



<hw>Bra*va"do</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>, <plu>pl.

<plw>Bravadoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>bravada</ets>, <ets>bravata</ets>, boast, brag: cf. F.

<ets>bravade</ets>. See <er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <def>Boastful and

threatening behavior; a boastful menace.</def>



<q>In spite of our host's <qex>bravado</qex>.</q>

<qau>Irving.</qau>



<hw>Brave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Braver</er>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Bravest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>brave</ets>, It. or Sp. <ets>bravo</ets>, (orig.) fierce,

wild, savage, prob. from. L. <ets>barbarus</ets>. See

<er>Barbarous</er>, and cf. <er>Bravo</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; -- opposed

to <xex>cowardly</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>brave</ex> man; a

<ex>brave</ex> act.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having any sort of superiority or excellence; --

especially such as in conspicuous.</def> <mark>[Obs. or

<xex>Archaic</xex> as applied to material things.]</mark>



<q>Iron is a <qex>brave</qex> commodity where wood aboundeth.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>It being a <qex>brave</qex> day, I walked to Whitehall.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Making a fine show or display.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>Wear my dagger with the <qex>braver</qex> grace.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>For I have gold, and therefore will be <qex>brave</qex>.

In silks I'll rattle it of every color.</q>

<qau>Robert Greene.</qau>



<q>Frog and lizard in holiday coats

And turtle <qex>brave</qex> in his golden spots.</q>

<qau>Emerson.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous;

bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous;

high-spirited; stout-hearted. See <er>Gallant</er>.</syn>



<hw>Brave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

brave person; one who is daring.</def>



<q>The star-spangled banner, O,long may it wave

O'er the land of the free and the home of the

<qex>brave</qex>.</q>

<qau>F. S. Key.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically, an Indian warrior.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A man daring beyond discretion; a bully.</def>



<q>Hot <qex>braves</qex> like thee may fight.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A challenge; a defiance; bravado.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Demetrius, thou dost overween in all;

And so in this, to bear me down with <qex>braves</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brave</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Braved</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Braving</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To encounter with

courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to

dare.</def>



<q>These I can <qex>brave</qex>, but those I can not bear.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To adorn; to make fine or showy.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast

<qex>braved</qex> meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced

or braved.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brave"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly;

splendidly; nobly.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily.</def>



<q>And [she] decked herself <qex>bravely</qex> to allure the eyes

of all men that should see her.</q>

<qau>Judith. x. 4.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Well; thrivingly; prosperously.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Brave"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality of state or

being brave.</def>



<hw>Brav"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>braverie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of being

brave; fearless; intrepidity.</def>



<q>Remember, sir, my liege, . . . 

The natural <qex>bravery</qex> of your isle.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of braving; defiance; bravado.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Reform, then, without <qex>bravery</qex> or scandal of former

times and persons.</q>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance;

ostentation; fine dress.</def>



<q>With scarfs and fans and double change of

<qex>bravery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Like a stately ship . . . 

With all her <qex>bravery</qex> on, and tackle trim.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A man that is the <qex>bravery</qex> of his age.</q>

<qau>Beau. & Fl.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor;

fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See

<er>Courage</er>, and <er>Heroism</er>.</syn>



<hw>Brav"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bravado; a

boast.</def>



<q>With so proud a strain

Of threats and <qex>bravings</qex>.</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<hw>Brav"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

defiant manner.</def>



<hw>Bra"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bravoes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[I. See

<er>Brave</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A daring villain; a

bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or

murderer.</def>



<q>Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey.

And stab, like <qex>bravoes</qex>, all who come this way.</q>

<qau>Churchill.</qau>



<hw>Bra"vo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>interj.</pos> <ety>[It. See

<er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <def>Well done! excellent! an exclamation

expressive of applause.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bra*vu"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

(properly) bravery, spirit, from <ets>bravo</ets>. See

<er>Brave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A florid, brilliant

style of music, written for effect, to show the range and

flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill

of a performer; <xex>virtuoso</xex> music.</def>



<cs><col>Aria di bravura</col> <pr>(<?/)</pr> <ety>[It.]</ety>,

<cd>a florid air demanding brilliant execution.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brawled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brawling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>braulen</ets> to

quarrel, boast, <ets>brallen</ets> to cry, make a noise; cf. LG.

<ets>brallen</ets> to brag, MHG. <ets>pr</ets><?/<ets>ulen</ets>,

G. <ets>prahlen</ets>, F. <ets>brailler</ets> to cry, shout, Pr.

<ets>brailar</ets>, <ets>braillar</ets>, W. <ets>bragal</ets> to

vociferate, brag, Armor. <ets>bragal</ets> to romp, to strut, W.

<ets>broliaw</ets> to brag, <ets>brawl</ets> boast. <?/95.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To quarrel noisily and outrageously.</def>



<q>Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that

<qex>brawleth</qex> openly with his wife.</q>

<qau>Golden Boke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To complain loudly; to scold.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a

rapid stream running over stones.</def>



<q>Where the brook <qex>brawls</qex> along the painful road.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To wrangle; squabble; contend.</syn>



<hw>Brawl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A noisy quarrel;

loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; <as>as, a drunken

<ex>brawl</ex></as>.</def>



<q>His sports were hindered by the <qex>brawls</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak</qau>.



<syn>Syn. -- Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult.</syn>



<hw>Brawl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

brawls; wrangler.</def>



<cs><col>Common brawler</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>one who

disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable

at common law as a nuisance).</cd></cs>



<au>Wharton.</au>



<hw>Brawl"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Quarreling;

quarrelsome; noisy.</def>



<q>She is an irksome <qex>brawling</qex> scold.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Making a loud confused noise. See

<er>Brawl</er>, <xex>v. i.</xex>, 3.</def>



<q>A <qex>brawling</qex> stream.</q>

<qau>J. S. Shairp.</qau>



<hw>Brawl"ing*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brawling

manner.</def>



<hw>Brawn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>braon</ets> fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. <ets>br<?/to</ets>

flesh, G. <ets>braten</ets> roast meat; akin to Icel.

<ets>br<?/<?/</ets> flesh, food of beasts, AS. <ets>br</ets><?/de

roast meat, <ets>br<?/dan</ets> to roast, G. <ets>braten</ets>,

and possibly to E. <ets>breed</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

muscle; flesh.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Formed well of <qex>brawns</qex> and of bones.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg,

muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body;

sometimes, the arm.</def>



<q><qex>Brawn</qex> without brains is thine.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the

<qex>brawn</qex> of the left hand.</q>

<qau>E. Hall.</qau>



<q>And in my vantbrace put this withered <qex>brawn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and

prepared flesh of a boar.</def>



<q>The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which

time it is best to geld him, or sell him for

<qex>brawn</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A boar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<hw>Brawned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brawny; strong;

muscular.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Brawn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boor killed

for the table.</def>



<hw>Brawn"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being brawny.</def>



<hw>Brawn"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having large,

strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong.</def>

\'bd<xex>Brawny</xex> limbs.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic;

stalwart; powerful; robust.</syn>



<hw>Brax"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. AS.

<ets>breac</ets> rheum, <ets>broc</ets> sickness, Ir.  

<ets>bracha</ets> corruption. <ets>Jamieson</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A disease of sheep. The term is variously

applied in different localities.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A diseased sheep, or its mutton.</def>



<hw>Bray</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brayed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Braying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>brayen</ets>, OF. <ets>breier</ets>, F.

<ets>broyer</ets> to pound, grind, fr. OHG. <ets>brehhan</ets> to

break. See <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <def>To pound, beat, rub, or

grind small or fine.</def>



<q>Though thou shouldest <qex>bray</qex> a fool in a mortar, . .

. yet will not his foolishness depart from him.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxvii. 22.</qau>



<hw>Bray</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[OE <ets>brayen</ets>, F.

<ets>braire</ets> to bray, OF. <ets>braire</ets> to cry, fr. LL.

<ets>bragire</ets> to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E.

<ets>break</ets>; or perh. of imitative origin.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass.</def>



<q>Laugh, and they

Return it louder than an ass can <qex>bray</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a harsh, grating, or discordant

noise.</def>



<q>Heard ye the din of battle <qex>bray</qex>?</q>

<qau>Gray.</qau>



<hw>Bray</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make or utter with a

loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound.</def>



<q>Arms on armor clashing, <qex>brayed</qex>

Horrible discord.</q>

<qau>MIlton.</qau>



<q>And varying notes the war pipes <qex>brayed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Bray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The harsh cry of an ass; also,

any harsh, grating, or discordant sound.</def>



<q>The <qex>bray</qex> and roar of multitudinous London.</q>

<qau>Jerrold.</qau>



<hw>Bray</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>braye</ets>,

<ets>brey</ets>, <ets>brew</ets>, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill,

bank, Scot. <ets>bra</ets>, <ets>brae</ets>, <ets>bray</ets>, fr.

AS. <ets>br<?/w</ets> eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel.

<ets>br<?/</ets> eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. <ets>br</ets><?/

yebrow. See <er>Brow</er>.]</ety> <def>A bank; the slope of a

hill; a hill. See <er>Brae</er>, which is now the usual

spelling.</def> <mark>[North of Eng. & Scot.]</mark>



<au>Fairfax.</au>



<hw>Bray"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An implement

for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.</def>



<hw>Bray"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that brays like an

ass.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Bray"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Making a harsh noise;

blaring.</def>  \'bd<xex>Braying</xex> trumpets.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Braze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brazed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p</pos>. <pos>pr & vb. n.</pos> <er>Brazing</er>.]  <ety>[F.

<ets>braser</ets> to solder, fr. Icel. <ets>brasa</ets> to harden

by fire. Cf. <er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To solder

with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; <as>as,

to <ex>braze</ex> the seams of a copper pipe</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To harden.</def> \'bdNow I am <xex>brazes</xex>

to it.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Braze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>br\'91sian</ets>, fr. <ets>br\'91s</ets> brass. See

<er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <def>To cover or ornament with

brass.</def>



<au>Chapman.</au>



<hw>Bra"zen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos><ety>[OE.

<ets>brasen</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'91sen</ets>. See

<er>Brass</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Pertaining to, made of,

or resembling, brass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding

brass.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front

like brass; <as>as, a <ex>brazen</ex> countenance</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Brazen age</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Myth.)</fld>

The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age.

<sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Arch\'91ol.)</fld> See under

<er>Bronze</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brazen sea</col> <fld>(Jewish

Antiq.)</fld>, <cd>a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's

temple for the use of the priests.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bra"zen</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brazened</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brazening</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To carry through

impudently or shamelessly; <as>as, to <ex>brazen</ex> the matter

through</as>.</def>



<q>Sabina <qex>brazened</qex> it out before Mrs. Wygram, but

inwardly she was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<hw>Bra"zen-browed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Shamelessly impudent.</def>



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Bra"zen*face`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

impudent of shameless person.</def> \'bdWell said,

<xex>brazen</xex>face; hold it out.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bra"zen*faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Impudent; shameless.</def>



<hw>Bra"zen*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a bold,

impudent manner.</def>



<-- p. 177 -->



<hw>Bra"zen*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of being brazen.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bra"zier</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Brasier</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Braz`i*let"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

Pg. & Sp. <ets>brasilete</ets>, It. <ets>brasiletto</ets>.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Brazil wood</er>.</def>



<hw>Bra*zil"ian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Brasil.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A native

or an inhabitant of Brazil.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Brazilian pebble</col>. <cd>See <er>Pebble</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Braz"i*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>br\'82siline</ets>. See <er>Brazil</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A substance contained in both Brazil wood

and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow

crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored

intensely red by alkalies.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>brezilin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bra*zil" nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An

oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the <spn>Bertholletia

excelsa</spn>; the cream nut.</def>



<note><hand/ From eighteen to twenty-four of the seed or

\'bdnuts\'b8 grow in a hard and nearly globular shell.</note>



<hw>Bra*zil" wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[OE.

<ets>brasil</ets>, LL. <ets>brasile</ets> (cf. Pg. & Sp.

<ets>brasil</ets>, Pr. <ets>bresil</ets>, Pr. <ets>bresil</ets>);

perh. from Sp. or Pg. <ets>brasa</ets> a live coal (cf.

<er>Braze</er>, <er>Brasier</er>); or Ar. <ets>vars</ets> plant

for dyeing red or yellow. This name was given to the wood from

its color; and it is said that King Emanuel, of Portugal, gave

the name Brazil to the country in South America on account of its

producing this wood.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>The wood of the oriental <spn>C\'91salpinia

Sapan</spn>; -- so called before the discovery of America.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported

from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and

for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of <spn>C\'91salpinia

echinata</spn>, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it.

An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of <spn>C.

Braziliensis</spn> and <spn>C. crista</spn>. This is often

distinguished as <xex>Braziletto</xex> , but the better kind is

also frequently so named.</def>



<hw>Breach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>breke</ets>, <ets>breche</ets>, AS. <ets>brice</ets>,

<ets>gebrice</ets>, <ets>gebrece</ets> (in comp.), fr.

<ets>brecan</ets> to break; akin to Dan. <ets>br\'91k</ets>, MHG.

<ets>breche</ets>, gap, breach. See <er>Break</er>, and cf.

<er>Brake</er> (the instrument), <er>Brack</er> a break]</ety> .

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of breaking, in a figurative

sense.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law,

or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; <as>as,

a <ex>breach</ex> of contract; a <ex>breach</ex> of

promise</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A gap or opening made made by breaking or

battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the

parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture.</def>



<q>Once more unto the <qex>breach</qex>, dear friends, once more;

Or close the wall up with our English dead.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the

waters themselves; surge; surf.</def>



<q>The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the

<qex>breach</qex> of waters.</q>

<qau>2 Sam. v. 20<?/</qau>



<cs><col>A clear breach</col> <cd>implies that the waves roll

over the vessel without breaking.</cd> -- <col>A clean

breach</col> <cd>implies that everything on deck is swept

away.</cd></cs>



<au>Ham. Nav. Encyc.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A breaking up of amicable relations;

rupture.</def>



<q>There's fallen between him and my lord

An unkind <qex>breach</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A bruise; a wound.</def>



<q><qex>Breach</qex> for <qex>breach</qex>, eye for eye.</q>

<qau>Lev. xxiv. 20<?/</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A hernia; a rupture.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A breaking out upon; an assault.</def>



<q> The Lord had made a <qex>breach</qex> upon Uzza.</q>

<qau>1. Chron. xiii. 11<?/</qau>



<cs><col>Breach of falth</col>, <cd>a breaking, or a failure to

keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence

or trust.</cd> -- <col>Breach of peace</col>, <cd>disorderly

conduct, disturbing the public peace.</cd> -- <col>Breach of

privilege</col>, <cd>an act or default in violation of the

privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a

State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a

committee.</cd></cs>



<au>Mozley. Abbott.</au>



<cs>- <col>Breach of promise</col>, <cd>violation of one's

plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry.</cd> -- <col>Breach of

trust</col>, <cd>violation of one's duty or faith in a matter

entrusted to one.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break;

disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement;

violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference;

misunderstanding.</syn>



<hw>Breach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Breached</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr> ; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Breaching</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a breach

or opening in; <as>as, to <ex>breach</ex> the walls of a

city</as>.</def>



<hw>Breach</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To break the water, as by

leaping out; -- said of a whale.</def>



<hw>Breach"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt to break

fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; <as>as,

<ex>breachy</ex> cattle</as>.</def>



<hw>Bread</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>br\'91dan</ets> to make broad, to spread. See

<er>Broad</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To spread.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Bread</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bre\'a0d</ets>; akin to OFries. <ets>br\'bed</ets>, OS.

<ets>br<?/d</ets>, D. <ets>brood</ets>, G. <ets>brod</ets>,

<ets>brot</ets>, Icel. <ets>brau<?/</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>br\'94d</ets>. The root is probably that of E.

<ets>brew</ets>. <?/ See <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening,

kneading, and baking.</def>



<note><hand/ <col>Raised bread</col> is made with yeast, salt,

and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm

milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given

time to rise before baking. -- <col>Cream of tartar bread</col>

is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate

(as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid

tartrate of potassium) or some acid. -- <col>Unleavened

bread</col> is usually mixed with water and salt only.</note>



<cs><col>A\'89rated bread</col>. <cd>See under

<er>A\'89rated</er></cd>. <col>Bread and butter</col>

<mark>(fig.)<mark>, <cd>means of living.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brown

bread</col>, <col>Indian bread</col>, <col>Graham bread</col>,

<col>Rye and Indian bread</col></mcol>. <cd>See <cref>Brown

bread</cref>, under <er>Brown</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bread

tree</col>. <cd>See <er>Breadfruit</er>.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Food; sustenance; support of life, in

general.</def>



<q>Give us this day our daily <qex>bread</qex>.</q>

<qau>Matt. vi. 11</qau>



<hw>Bread</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Cookery)</fld> <def>To

cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; <as>as,

<ex>breaded</ex> cutlets</as>.</def>



<hw>Bread"bas`ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

stomach.</def> <mark>[Humorous]</mark>



<au>S. Foote.</au>



<hw>Bread"corn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Corn of grain of which

bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.</def>



<hw>Bread"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Braided</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bread"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of

bread.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bread"fruit`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The fruit of a tree

(<spn>Artocarpus incisa</spn>)  found in the islands of the

Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form,

from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked,

somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the

name.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The tree itself, which is one

of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made

from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called

also <altname>breadfruit tree</altname> and <altname>bread

tree</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bread"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without bread; destitude

of food.</def>



<q>Plump peers and <qex>breadless</qex> bards alike are dull.</q>

<qau>P. Whitehead.</qau>



<hw>Bread`root"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The root of a leguminous plant

(<spn>Psoralea esculenta</spn>), found near the Rocky Mountains.

It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter,

affording sweet and palatable food.</def>



<note><hand/ It is the <xex>Pomme blanche</xex> of Canadian

voyageurs.</note>



<hw>Bread"stuff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Grain,

flour, or meal of which bread is made.</def>



<hw>Breadth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brede</ets>, <ets>breede</ets>, whence later

<ets>bredette</ets>, AS. <ets>br</ets><?/du, fr.

<ets>br\'bed</ets> broad. See <er>Broad</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>Distance from side to side of any surface or

thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length;

width.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> (<fld>Fine Arts</fld>) The quality of having the

colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of

objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details,

producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; --

called also <altname>breadth of effect</altname>.



<q><qex>Breadth</qex> of coloring is a prominent character in the

painting of all great masters.</q>

<qau>Weale.</qau>



<hw>Breadth"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without breadth.</def>



<hw>Breadth"ways</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>ads.</pos>

<def>Breadthwise.</def>



<au>Whewell.</au>



<hw>Breadth"wise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>ads.</pos> <def>In the

direction of the breadth.</def>



<hw>Breadth"win`ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family;

one who works for his living.</def>



<au>H. Spencer.</au>



<hw>Break</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>broke</er> <pr>(?)</pr>,

(<mark>Obs.</mark> <er>Brake</er>); <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Broken</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, (<mark>Obs.</mark>

<er>Broke</er>); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Breaking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>breken</ets>, AS.

<ets>brecan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brekan</ets>, D.

<ets>breken</ets>, OHG. <ets>brehhan</ets>, G.

<ets>brechen</ets>, Icel.<ets>braka</ets> to creak, Sw.

<ets>braka</ets>, <ets>br\'84kka</ets> to crack, Dan.

<ets>br\'91kke</ets> to break, Goth. <ets>brikan</ets> to break,

L. <ets>frangere</ets>. Cf. <er>Bray</er> to pound,

<er>Breach</er>, <er>Fragile</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence;

<as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a rope or chain; to <ex>break</ex> a

seal; to <ex>break</ex> an axle; to <ex>break</ex> rocks or coal;

to <ex>break</ex> a lock.</as></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lay open as by breaking; to divide; <as>as,

to <ex>break</ex> a package of goods</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge,

or communicate.</def>



<q>Katharine, <qex>break</qex> thy mind to me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law,

or promise.</def>



<q> Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . 

<qex>To break</qex> all faith, all vows, deceive, betray.</q>

<qau>Milton</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to

dissolve or terminate; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> silence; to

<ex>break</ex> one's sleep; to <ex>break</ex> one's

journey.</as></def>



<q>Go, release them, Ariel;</q>



<q>My charms I'll <qex>break</qex>, their senses I'll

restore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part

from; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a set</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into

disorder; to pierce; <as>as, the cavalry were not able to

<ex>break</ex> the British squares</as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To shatter to pieces; to reduce to

fragments.</def>



<q>The victim <qex>broke</qex> in pieces the musical instruments

with which he had solaced the hours of captivity.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To exchange for other money or currency of

smaller denomination; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a five dollar

bill</as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To destroy the strength, firmness, or

consistency of; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> flax</as>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or

mind.</def>



<q>An old man, <qex>broken</qex> with the storms of state.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock

of, as a fall or blow.</def>



<q>I'll rather leap down first, and <qex>break</qex> your

fall.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>13.</sn> <def>To impart, as news or information; to broach;

-- with <xex>to</xex>, and often with a modified word implying

some reserve; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> the news gently to the

widow; to <ex>break</ex> a purpose cautiously to a

friend.</as></def>



<sn>14.</sn> <def>To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make

tractable; to discipline; <as>as, to <ex>break</ex> a horse to

the harness or saddle</as>.</def> \'bdTo <xex>break</xex> a

colt.\'b8



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Why, then thou canst not <qex>break her to the lute</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>15.</sn> <def>To destroy the financial credit of; to make

bankrupt; to ruin.</def>



<q>With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks,

Attracts all fees, and little lawyers <qex>breaks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>16.</sn> <def>To destroy the official character and standing

of; to cashier; to dismiss.</def>



<q>I see a great officer <qex>broken</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<note>With prepositions or adverbs: --</note>



<cs><col>To break down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To crush; to

overwhelm; <as>as, to <ex>break down<ex> one's strength; to

<ex>break down<ex> opposition</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

remove, or open a way through, by breaking; <as>as, to <ex>break

down<ex> a door or wall</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break in</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To force in; <as>as, to <ex>break in<ex> a

door</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To train; to discipline; <as>as,

a horse well <ex>broken in<ex></as>.</cd> -- <col>To break

of</col>, <cd>to rid of; to cause to abandon; <as>as, to

<ex>break<ex> one <ex>of<ex> a habit</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break

off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To separate by breaking; <as>as, to

<ex>break off<ex> a twig</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To stop

suddenly; to abandon.</cd> \'bd<xex>Break off<xex> thy sins by

righteousness.\'b8 <au>Dan. iv. 27.</au>  -- <col>To break

open</col>, <cd>to open by breaking.</cd> \'bdOpen the door, or I

will <ex>break it open</ex>.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To break

out</col>, <cd>to take or force out by breaking; <as>as, to

<ex>break out</ex> a pane of glass</as></cd>. -- <col>To break

out a cargo</col>, <cd>to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it

easily.</cd> -- <col>To break through</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of

gravity; to pass violently through; <as>as, <ex>to break

through</ex> the enemy's lines; <ex>to break through</ex> the

ice</as>.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To disregard; <as>as, <ex>to

break through</ex> the ceremony</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break

up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To separate into parts; to plow (new

or fallow ground).</cd> \'bd<xex>Break up</xex> this capon.\'b8

<au>Shak.</au>  \'bd<xex>Break up</xex> your fallow ground.\'b8

<au>Jer. iv. 3.</au>  (<sd>b</sd>) <cd>To dissolve; to put an end

to.</cd> \'bd<xex>Break up</xex> the court.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au> --

<mcol><col>To break</col> (one) all <col>up</col></mcol>, <cd>to

unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset.</cd>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cs>



<note>With an immediate object: -</note>



<cs><col>To break the back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To dislocate

the backbone; hence, to disable totally.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

get through the worst part of; <as>as, to <ex>break the back<ex>

of a difficult undertaking</as>.</cd> -- <col>To break

bulk</col>, <cd>to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a

portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail,

as from boats to cars.</cd> -- <col>To break cover</col>, <cd>to

burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when

hunted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To break a deer</col> <or/

<col>stag</col></mcol>, <cd>to cut it up and apportion the parts

among those entitled to a share.</cd> -- <col>To break

fast</col>, <cd>to partake of food after abstinence. See

<er>Breakfast</er>.</cd> -- <col>To break ground</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To open the earth as for planting; to commence

excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as,

to <xex>break ground<xex> for a foundation, a canal, or a

railroad.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Fig.: To begin to execute any

plan.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To release the

anchor from the bottom.</cd> -- <col>To break the heart</col>,

<cd>to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief.</cd> -- <col>To break

a house</col> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>to remove or set aside with

violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the

fastenings provided to secure it.</cd> -- <col>To break the

ice</col>, <cd>to get through first difficulties; to overcome

obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject.</cd> --

<col>To break jail</col>, <cd>to escape from confinement in jail,

usually by forcible means.</cd> -- <col>To break a jest</col>,

<cd>to utter a jest.</cd> \'bdPatroclus . . . the livelong day

<xex>break<xex> scurril jests.\'b8  <au>Shak.</au> -- <col>To

break joints</col>, <cd>to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc.,

so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in

the preceding course.</cd> -- <col>To break a lance</col>, <cd>to

engage in a tilt or contest.</cd> -- <col>To break the

neck</col>, <cd>to dislocate the joints of the neck.</cd> --

<col>To break no squares</col>, <cd>to create no trouble.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> -- <mcol><col>To break a path</col>,

<col>road</col>, etc.,</mcol> <cd>to open a way through obstacles

by force or labor.</cd> -- <col>To break upon a wheel</col>,

<cd>to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a

wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of

punishment formerly employed in some countries.</cd> -- <col>To

break wind</col>, <cd>to give vent to wind from the

anus.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate;

infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.</syn>



<hw>Break</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with

suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To open spontaneously, or by pressure from

within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag.</def>



<q>Else the bottle <qex>break</qex>, and the wine runneth

out.</q>

<qau>Math. ix. 17.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To burst forth; to make its way; to come to

view; to appear; to dawn.</def>



<q>The day begins to <qex>break</qex>, and night is fied.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And from the turf a fountain <qex>broke</qex>,

and gurgled at our feet.</q>

<qau>Wordswoorth.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To burst forth violently, as a storm.</def>



<q> The clouds are still above; and, while I speak,

A second deluge o'er our head may <qex>break</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated;

<as>as, the clouds are <ex>breaking</ex></as>.</def>



<q>At length the darkness begins to <qex>break</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macawlay.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To become weakened in constitution or faculties;

to lose health or strength.</def>



<q>See how the dean begins to <qex>break</qex>;

<qex>Poor gentleman <?/ he droops apace</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or

grief; <as>as, my heart is <ex>breaking</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To fall in business; to become bankrupt.</def>



<q>He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes

<qex>break</qex>, and come to poverty.</q>

<qau>Bacn.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change

the gait; <as>as, to <ex>break into a run or

gallop</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>To fail in musical quality; <as>as, a singer's

voice <ex>breaks</ex> when it is strained beyond its compass and

a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an

unmusical sound instead</as>. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's

voice at puberty.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <def>To fall out; to terminate friendship.</def>



<q>To <qex>break upon</qex> the score of danger or expense is to

be mean and narrow-spirited.</q>

<qau>Collier.</qau>



<note>With prepositions or adverbs: -</note>



<cs><col>To break away</col>, <cd>to disengage one's self

abruptly; to come or go away against resistance.</cd></cs>



<q>Fear me not, man; I will not <qex>break away</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To break down</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To come down by

breaking; <as>as, the coach <ex>broke down</ex></as>.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To fail in any undertaking.</cd>



<q>He had <qex>broken down</qex> almost at the outset.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



 -- <col>To break forth</col>, <cd>to issue; to come out

suddenly, as sound, light, etc.</cd> \'bdThen shall thy light

<xex>break forth</xex> as the morning.\'b8



<au>Isa. lviii. 8;</au>



<note>often with <xex>into</xex> in expressing or giving vent to

one's feelings. \'bd<xex>Break forth</xex> into singing, ye

mountains.\'b8  <rj><au> Isa. xliv. 23.</au></rj></note>



<col>To break from</col>, <cd>to go away from abruptly.</cd>



<q>This radiant <qex>from</qex> the circling crowd he

<qex>broke</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



 -- <col>To break into</col>, <cd>to enter by breaking; as, </[to

break into</xex> a house.</cd> -- <col>To break in upon</col>,

<cd>to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly.</cd>

\'bdThis, this is he; softly awhile; let us not <xex>break in

upon</xex> him.\'b8  <au> Milton.</au> -- <col>To break

loose</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To extricate one's self

forcibly.</cd> \'bdWho would not, finding way, <xex>break

loose</xex> from hell?\'b8 <au> Milton.</au> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety.</cd> -- <col>To

break off</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become separated by rupture,

or with suddenness and violence.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To desist

or cease suddenly.</cd> \'bdNay, forward, old man; do not

<xex>break off</xex> so.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>  -- <col>To break off

from</col>, <cd>to desist from; to abandon, as a habit.</cd> --

<col>To break out</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To burst forth; to

escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an

epidemic.</cd>  \'bdFor in the wilderness shall waters <xex>break

out</xex>, and stream in the desert.\'b8 <au>Isa. xxxv. 6</au> 

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said

of a disease.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To have a rash or eruption on

the akin; -- said of a patient.</cd> -- <col>To break over</col>,

<cd>to overflow; to go beyond limits.</cd> -- <col>To break

up</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To become separated into parts or

fragments; as, the ice <xex>break up</xex> in the rivers; the

wreck will <xex>break up</xex> in the next storm.</cd>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To disperse.</cd> \'bdThe company <xex>breaks

up</xex>.\'b8 <au>I. Watts.</au> -- <col>To break upon</col>,

<cd>to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon.</cd> -- <col>To

break with</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fall out; to sever one's

relations with; to part friendship.</cd> \'bdIt can not be the

Volsces dare <xex>break with</xex> us.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au>  \'bdIf

she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have <xex>broken

with</xex> him altogether.\'b8 <au>Thackeray.</au>  <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to

speak.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdI will <xex>break with</xex>

her and <xex>with</xex> her father.\'b8 <au>Shak.</au></cs>



<-- p. 178 -->



<hw>Break</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and cf. <er>Brake</er> (the

instrument), <er>Breach</er>, <er>Brack</er> a crack.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An opening made by fracture or disruption.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An interruption of continuity; change of

direction; as, a <xex>break</xex> in a wall; a <xex>break</xex>

in the deck of a ship.</def> Specifically: <sd>(a)</sd>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projection or recess from the face of a

displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical

current.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An interruption; a pause; <as>as, a

<ex>break</ex> in friendship; a <ex>break</ex> in the

conversation.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An interruption in continuity in writing or

printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line,

etc.</def>



<q>All modern trash is

Set forth with numerous <qex>breaks</qex> and dashes.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The first appearing, as of light in the morning;

the dawn; <as>as, the <ex>break</ex> of day; the <ex>break</ex>

of dawn.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight

body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the

footman's behind.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A device for checking motion, or for measuring

friction. See <er>Brake</er>, <pos>n.</pos> 9 & 10.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Teleg.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Commutator</er>.</def>



<hw>Break"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being broken.</def>



<hw>Break"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles

broken.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An allowance or compensation for things broken

accidentally, as in transportation or use.</def>



<hw>Break"bone` fe`ver</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Dengue</er>.</def>



<hw>Break"-cir`cuit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A key or other device for breaking an

electrical circuit.</def>



<hw>Break"down`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage;

downfall.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance

engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in

succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United

States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued

until most of those who take part in it <xex>break

down</xex>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>Any rude, noisy dance

performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a

time.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<q>Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going

to have a <qex>breakdown</qex> to wind up with.</q>

<qau>New Eng. Tales.</qau>



<hw>Break"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, breaks.</def>



<q>I'll be no <qex>breaker</qex> of the law.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or

for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such

a machine is placed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small water cask.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or

against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface.</def>



<q>The <qex>breakers</qex> were right beneath her bows.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<hw>Break"fast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Break</ets> + <ets>fast</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the

first meal.</def>



<q>A sorry <qex>breakfast</qex> for my lord protector.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A meal after fasting, or food in general.</def>



<q>The wolves will get a <qex>breakfast</qex> by my death.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Break"fast</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>breakfasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Breakfasting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To break one's fast in

the morning; too eat the first meal in the day.</def>



<q>First, sir, I read, and then I <qex>breakfast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<hw>Break"fast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with

breakfast.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Break"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brakeman</er>.</def>



<hw>Break"neck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A fall that breaks the neck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A steep place endangering the neck.</def>



<hw>Break"neck`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Producing

danger of a broken neck; <as>as, <ex>breakneck</ex>

speed</as>.</def>



<hw>Break"-up`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Disruption;

a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; <as>as, a

<ex>break-up</ex> of an assembly or dinner party; a

<ex>break-up</ex> of the government.</as></def>



<hw>Break"wa`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any

structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a

harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from

their violence.</def>



<hw>Bream</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>breme</ets>, <ets>brem</ets>, F. <ets>br\'88me</ets>, OF.

<ets>bresme</ets>, of German origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>brahsema</ets>, <ets>brahsina</ets>, OLG.

<ets>bressemo</ets>, G. <ets>brassen</ets>. Cf.

<er>Brasse</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A European fresh-water

cyprinoid fish of the genus <xex>Abramis</xex>, little valued as

food. Several species are known.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>An American fresh-water

fish, of various species of <xex>Pomotis</xex> and allied genera,

which are also called <xex>sunfishes</xex> and pondfishes. See

<er>Pondfish</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l)</fld> <def>A marine sparoid fish of

the genus <xex>Pagellus</xex>, and allied genera. See <er>Sea

Bream</er>.</def>



<hw>Bream</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Breamed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Breaming</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Broom</er>, and G. ein schiff <ets>brennen</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent

shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and

scraping.</def>



<hw>Breast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brest</ets>, <ets>breost</ets>, As. <ets>bre\'a2st</ets>;

akin to Icel. <ets>brj<?/st</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'94st</ets>, Dan.

<ets>bryst</ets>, Goth. <ets>brusts</ets>, OS. <ets>briost</ets>,

D. <ets>borst</ets>, G. <ets>brust</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly;

the chest; <as>as, the <ex>breast</ex> of a man or of a

horse</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Either one of the protuberant glands, situated

on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of

some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the

nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat.</def>



<q>My brother, that sucked the <qex>breasts</qex> of my

mother.</q>

<qau>Cant. viii. 1.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom;

the front or forward part of anything; <as>as, a chimney

<ex>breast</ex>; a plow <ex>breast</ex>; the <ex>breast</ex> of a

hill.</as></def>



<q>Mountains on whose barren <qex>breast</qex>

The laboring clouds do often rest.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The face of a

coal working.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The front of a

furnace.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The seat of consciousness; the repository of

thought and self-consciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the

affections and passions; the heart.</def>



<q>He has a loyal <qex>breast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The power of singing; a musical voice; -- so

called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the

lungs, which lie within the breast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>By my troth, the fool has an excellent <qex>breast</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Breast drill</col>, <cd>a portable drilling machine,

provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the

work.</cd> -- <col>Breast pang</col>. <cd>See <xex>Angina

pectoris<xex>, under <er>Angina</er>.</cd> -- <col>To make a

clean breast</col>, <cd>to disclose the secrets which weigh upon

one; to make full confession.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breast</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos><er>Breasted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Breasted</er>.]</wordforms> <def> To meet, with the breast;

to struggle with or oppose manfully; <as>as, to <ex>breast</ex>

the storm or waves</as>.</def>



<q>The court <qex>breasted</qex> the popular current by

sustaining the demurrer.</q>

<qau>Wirt.</qau>



<cs><col>To breast up a hedge</col>, <cd>to cut the face of it on

one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the

plants.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breast"band`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A band for

the breast. Specifically: <fld>(Naut.)</fld> A band of canvas, or

a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man

who heaves the lead in sounding.</def>



<hw>Breast"beam`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The front transverse beam of a

locomotive.</def>



<hw>Breast"bone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bone

of the breast; the sternum.</def>



<hw>Breast"-deep`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Deep as

from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.</def>



<q>See him <qex>breast-deep</qex> in earth, and famish him.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Breast"ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a breast; -- used

in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a

metaphorical sense; <as>as, a single-<ex>breasted</ex>

coat</as>.</def>



<q>The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer

open-<qex>breasted</qex>, on these occasions.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Breast"fast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A large rope to fasten the midship part

of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel.</def>



<hw>Breast"height`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison

lean in firing.</def>



<hw>Breast"-high`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>High as

the breast.</def>



<hw>Breast"hook`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A thick piece of timber in the form of a

knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore

part and unite the bows on each side.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Breast"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>The

curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely

adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its

circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has

spent its force upon the wheel. See <er>Breast wheel</er>.</def>



<hw>Breast"knot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pin worn

of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch.</def>



<hw>Breast"plate`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive

armor.</def>



<q>Before his old rusty <qex>breastplate</qex> could be scoured,

and his cracked headpiece mended.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A piece against which the workman presses his

breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A strap that runs across a horse's breast.</def>



<au>Ash.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Jewish Antiq.)</fld> <def>A part of the

vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It

was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square,

set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names

of the twelve tribes of Israel. See <er>Ephod</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Breast"plow`</hw>, <hw>Breast"plough`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of plow, driven by the

breast of the workman; -- used to cut or pare turf.</def>



<hw>Breast"rall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The upper

rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the

railing of a quarter-deck, etc.</def>



<hw>Breast"rope`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Breastband</er>.</def>



<hw>Breast"sum`mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A summer or girder extending across a

building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or

external wall; a long lintel; a girder; -- used principally above

shop windows.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>brestsummer</asp>

and <asp>bressummer</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Breast"wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A water

wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in

the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally

at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with

it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by

impulse, partly by its weight.</def>



<hw>Breast"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A defensive work of moderate height,

hastily thrown up, of earth or other material.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A railing on the quarter-deck

and forecastle.</def>



<hw>Breath</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>breth</ets>, <ets>breeth</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/<?/</ets>

odor, scent, breath; cf. OHG. <ets>br\'bedam</ets> steam, vapor,

breath, G. <ets>brodem</ets>, and possibly E. <er>Brawn</er>, and

<er>Breed</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The air inhaled and

exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration,

has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous

vapor, warmth, etc.</def>



<q>Melted as <qex>breath</qex> into the wind.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of breathing naturally or freely; the

power or capacity to breathe freely; <as>as, I am out of

<ex>breath</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The power of respiration, and hence, life.</def>



<au>Hood.</au>



<q>Thou takest away their <qex>breath</qex>, they die.</q>

<qau>Ps. civ. 29.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Time to breathe; respite; pause.</def>



<q>Give me some <qex>breath</qex>, some little pause.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A single respiration, or the time of making it;

a single act; an instant.</def>



<q>He smiles and he frowns in a <qex>breath</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Fig.: That which gives or strengthens

life.</def>



<q>The earthquake voice of victory,

To thee the <qex>breath of life</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A single word; the slightest effort; a

triffle.</def>



<q>A <qex>breath</qex> can make them, as a <qex>breath</qex> has

made.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A very slight breeze; air in gentle

motion.</def>



<q>Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea,

when not a <qex>breath</qex> of wind flies o'er its surface.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume.</def>



<au>Tennison.</au>



<q>The <qex>breath</qex> of flowers.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Gentle exercise, causing a quicker

respiration.</def>



<q>An after dinner's <qex>breath</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Out of breath</col>, <cd>breathless, exhausted;

breathing with difficulty.</cd> -- <col>Under one's breath</col>,

<cd>in low tones.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breath"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Such as

can be breathed.</def>



<hw>Breath"a*ble*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of being

breathable.</def>



<hw>Breathe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p</pos> <er>Breathed</er>

<pr>(?)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Breathing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From

<er>Breath</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to

live.</def> \'bdI am in health, I <xex>breathe</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q><qex>Breathes</qex> there a man with soul so dead?</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take breath; to rest from action.</def>



<q>Well! <qex>breathe</qex> awhile, and then to it again!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to

exhale; to emanate; to blow gently.</def>



<q>The air <qex>breathes</qex> upon us here most sweetly.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>There <qex>breathes</qex> a living fragrance from the

shore.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Breathe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To inhale and

exhale in the process of respiration; to respire.</def>



<q>To view the light of heaven, and <qex>breathe</qex> the vital

air.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To inject by breathing; to infuse; -- with

<xex>into</xex>.</def>



<q>Able to <qex>breathe</qex> life into a stone.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and

<qex>breathed</qex> into his nostrils the breath of life.</q>

<qau>Gen. ii. 7.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly;

to whisper; <as>as, to <ex>breathe</ex> a vow</as>.</def>



<q>He softly <qex>breathed</qex> thy name.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Or let the church, our mother, <qex>breathe</qex> her curse,

A mother's curse, on her revolting son.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To exhale; to emit, as breath; <as>as, the

flowers <ex>breathe</ex> odors or perfumes</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To express; to manifest; to give forth.</def>



<q>Others articles <qex>breathe</qex> the same severe spirit.</q>

<qau>Milner.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by

breathing.</def> \'bdThey <xex>breathe</xex> the flute.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To promote free respiration in; to

exercise.</def>



<q>And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for

men to <qex>breathe</qex> themselves upon thee.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural

breathing; to rest; <as>as, to <ex>breathe</ex> a

horse</as>.</def>



<q>A moment <qex>breathed</qex> his panting steed.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>To put out of breath; to exhaust.</def>



<q>Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little

<qex>breathed</qex> by the journey up.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>To utter without

vocality, as the nonvocal consonants.</def>



<q>The same sound may be pronounces either <qex>breathed</qex>,

voiced, or whispered.</q>

<qau>H. Sweet.</qau>



<q><qex>Breathed</qex> elements, being already voiceless, remain

unchanged <note>[in whispering]</note>.</q>

<qau>H. Sweet.</qau>



<cs><col>To breathe again</col>, <cd>to take breath; to feel a

sense of relief, as from danger, responsibility, or press of

business.</cd> -- <col>To breathe one's last</col>, <cd>to die;

to expire.</cd> -- <col>To breathe a vein</col>, <cd>to open a

vein; to let blood.</cd></cs>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Breath"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who breathes. Hence: <sd>(a)</sd> One who

lives.<sd>(b)</sd> One who utters. <sd>(c)</sd> One who animates

or inspires.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which puts one out of breath, as violent

exercise.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Breath"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

breath; full of odor; fragrant.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Breath"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.</def>



<q>Subject to a difficulty of <qex>breathing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Melmoth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Air in gentle motion.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration;

<as>as, the <ex>breathings</ex> of the Spirit</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Aspiration; secret prayer.</def> \'bdEarnest

desires and <xex>breathings</xex> after that blessed state.\'b8



<au>Tillotson.</au>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Exercising; promotion of respiration.</def>



<q>Here is a lady that wants <qex>breathing</qex> too;

And I have heard, you knights of Tyre

Are excellent in making ladies trip.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Utterance; communication or publicity by

words.</def>



<q>I am sorry to give <qex>breathing</qex> to my purpose.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Breathing place; vent.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Stop; pause; delay.</def>



<q>You shake the head at so long a <qex>breathing</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the

friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when

the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the

letter <it>h</it>.</def>



<-- p. 179 -->



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Gr. Gram.)</fld> <def>A mark to indicate

aspiration or its absence. See <cref>Rough breathing</cref>,

<cref>Smooth breathing</cref>, below.</def>



<cs><col>Breathing place</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A pause.</cd>

\'bdThat c\'91sura, or <xex>breathing place<xex>, in the midst of

the verse.\'b8 <au>Sir P. Sidney</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>A

vent.</cd> -- <col>Breathing time</col>, <cd>pause;

relaxation.</cd> <au>Bp. Hall</au>. -- <col>Breathing

while</col>, <cd>time sufficient for drawing breath; a short

time.</cd> <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>Rough breathing</col>

(<xex>spiritus asper<xex>) <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <cd>See 2d

<er>Asper</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd> -- <col>Smooth breathing</col>

(<xex>spiritus lenis<xex>), <cd>a mark (') indicating the absence

of the sound of <xex>h<xex>, as in <grk>'ie`nai</grk>

(<xex>ienai<xex>).</cd></cs>



<hw>Breath"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not breathing; holding the breath, on account of

fear, expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding

of the breath; <as>as, <ex>breathless</ex> attention</as>.</def>



<q>But <qex>breathless</qex>, as we grow when feeling most.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Dead; <as>as, a <ex>breathless</ex>

body</as>.</def>



<hw>Breath"less*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a breathless

manner.</def>



<hw>Breath"less*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state of being

breathless or out of breath.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brec"cia</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F. <ets>br\'8ache</ets>;

of German origin. See <er>Breach</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Geol.)</fld>

<def>A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same

mineral or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and

commonly presenting a variety of colors.</def>



<cs><col>Bone breccia</col>, <cd>a breccia containing bones,

usually fragmentary.</cd> -- <col>Coin breccia</col>, <cd>a

breccia containing coins.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brec"ci*a`ted</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Consisting of angular fragments cemented together;

resembling breccia in appearance.</def>



<q>The <qex>brecciated</qex> appearance of many specimens [of

meteorites].</q>

<qau>H. A. Newton.</qau>



<hw>Bred</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> of

<er>Breed</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bred out</col>, <cd>degenerated.</cd>  \'bdThe strain of

man's <xex>bred out<xex> into baboon and monkey.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>. -- <col>Bred to arms</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Arms</er>.</cd> -- <col>Well bred</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Of

a good family; having a good pedigree.</cd> \'bdA gentleman

<xex>well bred<xex> and of good name.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.

<mark>[Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.]</mark>

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Well brought up, as shown in having good

manners; cultivated; refined; polite.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brede</hw>, <or/ <hw>Breede</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Breadth.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brede</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Braid</er> woven cord.]</ety> <def>A braid.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden <qex>brede</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Breech</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Breeches</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The lower part of the

body behind; the buttocks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Breeches.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a

cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The external angle of knee

timber, the inside of which is called the

<xex>throat</xex>.</def>



<hw>Breech</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Breeched</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Breeching</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To put into, or clothe with, breeches.</def>



<q>A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's

youngest boy was <qex>breeched</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cover as with breeches.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Their daggers unmannerly <qex>breeched</qex> with gore.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fit or furnish with a breech; <as>as, to

<ex>breech</ex> a gun</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To whip on the breech.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he

went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have

<qex>breeched</qex> me.</q>

<qau>Old Play.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To fasten with breeching.</def>



<hw>Breech"block</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

movable piece which closes the breech of a breech-loading

firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is

withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again

before the gun is fired.</def>



<hw>Breech"cloth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A cloth

worn around the breech.</def>



<hw>Breech"es</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brech</ets>, <ets>brek</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'c7k</ets>, pl. of

<ets>br\'d3c</ets> breech, breeches; akin to Icel.

<ets>br\'d3k</ets> breeches, ODan. <ets>brog</ets>, D.

<ets>broek</ets>, G. <ets>bruch</ets>; cf. L. <ets>bracae</ets>,

<ets>braccae</ets>, which is of Celtic origin. Cf.

<er>Brail</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A garment worn by men,

covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.</def>



<q>His jacket was red, and his <qex>breeches</qex> were blue.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Trousers; pantaloons.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Breeches buoy</col>, <cd>in the life-saving service, a

pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike

life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing

the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block

which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore,

and is drawn to land by hauling lines.</cd> -- <col>Breeches

pipe</col>, <cd>a forked pipe forming two branches united at one

end.</cd> -- <col>Knee breeches</col>, <cd>breeches coming to the

knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes.</cd> --

<col>To wear the breeches</col>, <cd>to usurp the authority of

the husband; -- said of a wife. <mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Breech"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the

breech.</def>



<q>I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes,

Whose looks were as a <qex>breeching</qex> to a boy.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That part of a harness which passes round the

breech of a horse, enabling him to hold back a vehicle.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A strong rope rove through

the cascabel of a cannon and secured to ringbolts in the ship's

side, to limit the recoil of the gun when it is discharged.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to

convey the smoke from the flues to the smokestack.</def>



<hw>Breech"load`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

firearm which receives its load at the breech.</def>



<q>For cavalry, the revolver and <qex>breechloader</qex> will

supersede the saber.</q>

<qau>Rep. Sec. War (1860).</qau>



<hw>Breech"-load`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Receiving the

charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Breech" pin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Breech"

screw`</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A strong iron or steel

plug screwed into the breech of a musket or other firearm, to

close the bottom of the bore.</def>



<hw>Breech" sight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A device attached to

the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye, in conjunction with

the front sight, in taking aim.</def>



<hw>Breed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bred</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Breeding</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>breden</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'c7dan</ets> to nourish,

cherish, keep warm, from <ets>br\'d3d</ets> brood; akin to D.

<ets>broeden</ets> to brood, OHG. <ets>bruoten</ets>, G.

<ets>br\'81ten</ets>. See <er>Brood</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to

procreate; to generate; to beget; to hatch.</def>



<q>Yet every mother <qex>breeds</qex> not sons alike.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>If the sun <qex>breed</qex> maggots in a dead dog.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To take care of in infancy, and through the age

of youth; to bring up; to nurse and foster.</def>



<q>To bring thee forth with pain, with care to

<qex>breed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Born and <qex>bred</qex> on the verge of the wilderness.</q>

<qau>Everett.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To educate; to instruct; to form by education;

to train; -- sometimes followed by <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>But no care was taken to <qex>breed</qex> him a

Protestant.</q>

<qau>Bp. Burnet.</qau>



<q>His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the

trade he <qex>breeds</qex> them up in.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To engender; to cause; to occasion; to

originate; to produce; <as>as, to <ex>breed</ex> a storm; to

<ex>breed</ex> disease.</as></def>



<q>Lest the place

And my quaint habits <qex>breed</qex> astonishment.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To give birth to; to be the native place of;

<as>as, a pond <ex>breeds</ex> fish; a northern country

<ex>breeds</ex> stout men.</as></def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>To raise, as any kind of stock.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To produce or obtain by any natural

process.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Children would <qex>breed</qex> their teeth with less

danger.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch;

originate; bring up; nourish; train; instruct.</syn>



<hw>Breed</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To bear and

nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be

pregnant.</def>



<q>That they <qex>breed</qex> abundantly in the earth.</q>

<qau>Gen. viii. 17.</qau>



<q>The mother had never <qex>bred</qex> before.</q>

<qau>Carpenter.</qau>



<q><qex>Ant</qex>. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams?

<qex>Shy</qex>. I can not tell. I make it <qex>breed</qex> as

fast.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be formed in the parent or dam; to be

generated, or to grow, as young before birth.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have birth; to be produced or

multiplied.</def>



<q>Heavens rain grace

On that which <qex>breeds</qex> between them.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To raise a breed; to get progeny.</def>



<q>The kind of animal which you wish to <qex>breed</qex>

from.</q>

<qau>Gardner.</qau>



<cs><col>To breed in and in</col>, <cd>to breed from animals of

the same stock that are closely related.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breed</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A race or variety

of men or other animals (or of plants), perpetuating its special

or distinctive characteristics by inheritance.</def>



<q>Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's

<qex>breed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Greyhounds of the best <qex>breed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Carpenter.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Class; sort; kind; -- of men, things, or

qualities.</def>



<q>Are these the <qex>breed</qex> of wits so wondered at?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This courtesy is not of the right <qex>breed</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A number produced at once; a brood.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<note><hand/ <xex>Breed</xex> is usually applied to domestic

animals; <xex>species</xex> or <xex>variety</xex> to wild animals

and to plants; and <xex>race</xex> to men.</note>



<hw>Breed"bate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

breeds or originates quarrels.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdNo

telltale nor no <xex>breedbate</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Breed"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up,

etc.</def>



<q>She was a great <qex>breeder</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dr. A. Carlyle.</qau>



<q>Italy and Rome have been the best <qex>breeders</qex> of

worthy men.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cause.</def> \'bdThe <xex>breeder</xex> of my

sorrow.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Breed"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of generating or bearing.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The raising or improving of any kind of domestic

animals; <as>as, farmers should pay attention to

<ex>breeding</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Nurture; education; formation of manners.</def>



<q>She had her <qex>breeding</qex> at my father's charge.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Deportment or behavior in the external offices

and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training

in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society.</def>



<q>Delicacy of <qex>breeding</qex>, or that polite deference and

respect which civility obliges us either to express or

counterfeit towards the persons with whom we converse.</q>

<qau>Hume.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Descent; pedigree; extraction.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Honest gentlemen, I know not your <qex>breeding</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><mcol><col>Close breeding</col>, <col>In and in

breeding</col></mcol>, <cd>breeding from a male and female from

the same parentage.</cd> -- <col>Cross breeding</col>,

<cd>breeding from a male and female of different lineage.</cd> --

<col>Good breeding</col>, <cd>politeness; genteel

deportment.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners.

See <er>Education</er>.</syn>



<mhw><hw>Breeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Breeze" fly`</hw>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>brese</ets>,

AS. <ets>bri\'a2sa</ets>; perh. akin to OHG. <ets>brimissa</ets>,

G. <ets>breme</ets>, <ets>bremse</ets>, D. <ets>brems</ets>,

which are akin to G. <ets>brummen</ets> to growl, buzz, grumble,

L. <ets>fremere</ets> to murmur; cf. G. <ets>brausen</ets>, Sw.

<ets>brusa</ets>, Dan. <ets>bruse</ets>, to roar, rush.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fly of various species, of the

family <spn>Tabanid\'91</spn>, noted for buzzing about animals,

and tormenting them by sucking their blood; -- called also

<altname>horsefly</altname>, and <altname>gadfly</altname>. They

are among the largest of two-winged or dipterous insects. The

name is also given to different species of botflies.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>breese</asp> and

<asp>brize</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Breeze</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>brise</ets>; akin to

It. <ets>brezza</ets> breeze, Sp. <ets>briza</ets>,

<ets>brisa</ets>, a breeze from northeast, Pg. <ets>briza</ets>

northeast wind; of uncertain origin; cf. F. <ets>bise</ets>, Pr.

<ets>bisa</ets>, OHG. <ets>bisa</ets>, north wind, Arm.

<ets>biz</ets> northeast wind.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A light,

gentle wind; a fresh, soft-blowing wind.</def>



<q>Into a gradual calm the <qex>breezes</qex> sink.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry

of excitement; a disturbance; a quarrel; <as>as, the discovery

produced a <ex>breeze</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>Land breeze</col>, <cd>a wind blowing from the land,

generally at night.</cd> -- <col>Sea breeze</col>, <cd>a breeze

or wind blowing, generally in the daytime, from the

sea.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breeze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>braise</ets> cinders, live coals. See

<er>Brasier</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Refuse left in the

process of making coke or burning charcoal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Brickmaking)</fld> <def>Refuse coal, coal

ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of bricks.</def>



<hw>Breeze</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To blow gently.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>J. Barlow.</au>



<cs><col>To breeze up</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to blow with

increasing freshness.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breeze"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Motionless; destitute of

breezes.</def>



<q>A stagnant, <qex>breezeless</qex> air becalms my soul.</q>

<qau>Shenstone.</qau>



<hw>Breez"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State of

being breezy.</def>



<hw>Breez"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy.</def> \'bdA

<xex>breezy</xex> day in May.\'b8



<au>Coleridge.</au>



<q>'Mid lawns and shades by <qex>breezy</qex> rivulets

fanned.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fresh; brisk; full of life.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Breg"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

the front part of the head: cf. F. <ets>bregma</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The point of junction of the coronal and

sagittal sutures of the skull.</def>



<hw>Breg*mat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to the bregma.</def>



<hw>Bre"hon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir.

<ets>breitheamh</ets> judge.]</ety> <def>An ancient Irish or

Scotch judge.</def>



<cs><col>Brehon laws</col>, <cd>the ancient Irish laws, --

unwritten, like the common law of England. They were abolished by

statute of Edward III.</cd></cs>



<hw>Breme</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>breme</ets>, <ets>brime</ets>, fierce, impetuous, glorious,

AS. <ets>br\'c7me</ets>, <ets>br<?/me</ets>, famous. Cf.

<er>Brim</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Fierce;

sharp; severe; cruel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>From the septentrion cold, in the <qex>breme</qex> freezing

air.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Famous; renowned; well known.</def>



<au>Wright.</au>



<altsp>[Written also <asp>brim</asp> and

<asp>brimme</asp>.]</altsp>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bren"ne</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

}</mhw> <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Brent</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brenning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[See <er>Burn</er>.]</ety>

<def>To burn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>Consuming fire <qex>brent</qex> his shearing house or

stall.</q>

<qau>W. Browne.</qau>



<hw>Bren</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Bran.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bren"nage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>brenage</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>brennagium</ets>,

<ets>brenagium</ets>. See <er>Bran</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Old Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in

lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his

hounds.</def>



<hw>Bren"ning*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Burningly;

ardently.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brent</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Brant</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS. <ets>brant</ets>; akin to

Dan. <ets>brat</ets>, Icel. <ets>brattr</ets>, steep.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Steep; high.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Grapes grow on the <qex>brant</qex> rocks so wonderfully that

ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them.</q>

<qau>Ascham.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Smooth; unwrinkled.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<q>Your bonnie brow was <qex>brent</qex>.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<hw>Brent</hw>, <pos>imp. & p.p.</pos> <def>of <er>Bren</er>.

Burnt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brent</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>Brant</er>.]</ety>

<def>A brant. See <er>Brant</er>.</def>



<hw>Breq"uet chain`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A watch-guard.</def>



<hw>Brere</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brier.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brest</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>3d sing.pr.</pos> <def>for

<xex>Bursteth</xex>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brest</hw>, <hw>Breast</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A torus.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bres"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Brast</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Brusten</er>, <er>Borsten</er>,

<er>Bursten</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To burst.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brest"sum`mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Breastsummer</er>.</def>



<hw>Bret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Birt</er>.</def>



<hw>Bret"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE. also

<ets>brerdful</ets>, fr. <ets>brerd</ets> top, brim, AS.

<ets>brerd</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brimful.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Breth"ren</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>;

<def><pos>pl.</pos> of <er>Brother</er>.</def>



<note><hand/ This form of the plural is used, for the most part,

in solemn address, and in speaking of religious sects or

fraternities, or their members.</note>



<hw>Bret"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>breton</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or relating to Brittany, or

Bretagne, in France.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A native

or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the

ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.</def></def2>



<hw>Brett</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Britzska</er>.</def>



<hw>Bret"tice</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brettices</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bretasce</ets>, <ets>bretage</ets>, parapet, OF.

<ets>bretesche</ets> wooden tower, F. <ets>bret\'8ache</ets>, LL.

<ets>breteschia</ets>, <ets>bertresca</ets>, prob. fr. OHG.

<ets>bret</ets>, G. <ets>brett</ets> board; akin to E.

<ets>board</ets>. See <er>Board</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Bartizan</er>.]</ety> <def>The wooden boarding used in

supporting the roofs and walls of coal mines. See

<er>Brattice</er>.</def>



<hw>Bret"wal*da</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>Bretwalda</ets>, <ets>br<?/ten walda</ets>, a powerful

ruler.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Hist.)</fld> <def>The official title

applied to that one of the Anglo-Saxon chieftains who was chosen

by the other chiefs to lead them in their warfare against the

British tribes.</def>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<hw>Bret"zel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Pretzel</er>.</def>



<hw>Breve</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It. & (in sense

2) LL. <ets>breve</ets>, fr. L. <ets>brevis</ets> short. See

<er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A note

or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four

minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was

formerly of a square figure (as thus: <?/ ), but is now made

oval, with a line perpendicular to the staff on each of its

sides; -- formerly much used for choir service.</def>



<au>Moore.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Any writ or precept under seal,

issued out of any court.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A curved mark [<breve/] used

commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The great ant thrush of

Sumatra (<spn>Pitta gigas</spn>), which has a very short

tail.</def>



<hw>Bre*vet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brevet</ets>, LL. <ets>brevetum</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title,

or dignity. <mark>[French usage]</mark>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A commission giving an officer

higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary

promotion of an officer.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States army, rank by <xex>brevet</xex>

is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,

for \'bdgallant actions or meritorious services.\'b8 A

<xex>brevet</xex> rank gives no right of command in the

particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can

be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on

court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with

pay of the <xex>brevet</xex> rank when on such duty.</note>



<-- p. 180 -->



<hw>Bre*vet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brevetted</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brevetting</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> To confer

rank upon by brevet.</def>



<hw>Bre*vet"</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>Taking or

conferring rank by brevet; <as>as, a <ex>brevet</ex> colonel; a

<ex>brevet</ex> commission.</as></def>



<hw>Bre*vet"cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brevetcies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>The rank or condition of a brevet officer.</def>



<hw>Bre"vi*a*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Breviaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[F.

<ets>br\'82viarie</ets>, L. <ets>breviarium</ets> summary,

abridgment, neut. noun fr. <ets>breviarius</ets> abridged, fr.

<ets>brevis</ets> short. See <er>Brief</er>, and cf.

<er>Brevier</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An abridgment; a

compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary.</def>



<q>A book entitled the abridgment or <qex>breviary</qex> of those

roots that are to be cut up or gathered.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A book containing the daily public or canonical

prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the

seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first,

third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; --

distinguished from the <xex>missal</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bre"vi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>breviatus</ets>, p.p. of <ets>breviare</ets> to shorten,

<ets>brevis</ets> short.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short compend;

a summary; a brief statement.</def>



<q>I omit in this <qex>breviate</qex> to rehearse.</q>

<qau>Hakluyt.</qau>



<q>The same little <qex>breviates</qex> of infidelity have . . .

been published and dispersed with great activity.</q>

<qau>Bp. Porteus.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lawyer's brief.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<hw>Bre"vi*ate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

abbreviate.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bre"vi*a*ture</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

abbreviature; an abbreviation.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bre*vier"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from

being originally used in printing a <ets>breviary</ets>. See

<er>Breviary</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A size of type

between bourgeous and minion.</def>



<note><hand/ This line is printed in <xex>brevier</xex> type.

<?/</note>



<hw>Bre*vil"o*quence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>breviloquentia</ets>.]</ety> <def>A brief and pertinent mode

of speaking.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Brev"i*ped</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brevis</ets> short + <ets>pes</ets>, <ets>pedis</ets>, foot:

cf. F. <ets>br\'82vip\'8ade</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Having short legs.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>A

breviped bird.</def></def2>



<hw>Brev"i*pen</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brevis</ets> short + <ets>penna</ets> wing: cf. F.

<ets>br\'82vipenne</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

brevipennate bird.</def>



<hw>Brev`i*pen"nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brevis</ets> short + E. <ets>pennate</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Short-winged; -- applied to birds

which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich,

cassowary, and emu.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brev`i*ros"tral</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Brev`i*ros"trate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[L. <ets>brevis</ets> short + E. <ets>rostral</ets>,

<ets>rostrate</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Short-billed; having a short beak.</def>



<hw>Brev"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brevities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L.

<ets>brevitas</ets>, fr. <ets>brevis</ets> short: cf. F.

<ets>bri\'8avit\'82</ets>. See <er>Brief</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Shortness of duration; briefness of time; <as>as, the

<ex>brevity</ex> of human life</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contraction into few words; conciseness.</def>



<q><qex>Brevity</qex> is the soul of wit.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant

<qex>brevity</qex> and simplicity.</q>

<qau>Bp. Porteus.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Shortness; conciseness; succinctness;

terseness.</syn>



<hw>Brew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brewed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Brewing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[OE. <ets>brewen</ets>, AS. <ets>bre\'a2wan</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>brouwen</ets>, OHG. <ets>priuwan</ets>, MHG.

<ets>briuwen</ets>, <ets>br<?/wen</ets>, G. <ets>brauen</ets>,

Icel. <ets>brugga</ets>, Sw. <ets>brygga</ets>, Dan.

<ets>brygge</ets>, and perh. to L. <ets>defrutum</ets> must

boiled down, Gr. <?/ (for <?/?) a kind of beer. The original

meaning seems to have been <ets>to prepare by heat</ets>.

<root/93. Cf. <er>Broth</er>, <er>Bread</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To boil or seethe; to cook.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt

and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and

fermentation.</def> \'bdShe <xex>brews</xex> good ale.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To prepare by steeping and mingling; to

concoct.</def>



<q>Go, <qex>brew</qex> me a pottle of sack finely.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to

contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; <as>as, to <ex>brew</ex>

mischief</as>.</def>



<q>Hence with thy <qex>brewed</qex> enchantments, foul

deceiver!</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Brew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing

or making beer.</def>



<q>I wash, wring, <qex>brew</qex>, bake, scour.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing,

forming, or gathering; <as>as, a storm <ex>brews</ex> in the

west</as>.</def>



<q>There is some ill a-<qex>brewing</qex> towards my rest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brew</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The mixture formed

by brewing; that which is brewed.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Brew"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Malt liquor;

drink brewed.</def> \'bdSome well-spiced <xex>brewage</xex>.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<q>A rich <qex>brewage</qex>, made of the best Spanish wine.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Brew"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who brews;

one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.</def>



<hw>Brew"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brewhouse;

the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on.</def>



<hw>Brew"house`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house or

building appropriated to brewing; a brewery.</def>



<hw>Brew"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as

beer and ale.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The quantity brewed at once.</def>



<q>A <qex>brewing</qex> of new beer, set by old beer.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mixing together.</def>



<q>I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a

<qex>brewing</qex> and sophistication of them they make.</q>

<qau>Holland.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A gathering or forming of a

storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds.</def>



<hw>Brew"is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brewis</ets>, <ets>brouwys</ets>, <ets>browesse</ets>,

<ets>brewet</ets>, OF. <ets>brouet</ets>, <ets>-s</ets> being the

OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG.

<ets>brod</ets>. <root/93. See <er>Broth</er>, and cf.

<er>Brose</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Broth or pottage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Let them of their Bonner's \'bdbeef\'b8 and \'bdbroth\'b8 make

what <qex>brewis</qex> they please for their credulous

guests.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat,

milk, or water and butter.</def>



<hw>Brews"ter*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named

after Sir David <ets>Brewster</ets>.]</ety> <def>A rare zeolitic

mineral occurring in white monoclinic crystals with pearly

luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and

strontia.</def>



<hw>Brez"i*lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brazilin</er>.</def>



<hw>Bri"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Brier</er>.</def>



<hw>Bri*a"re*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Briareius</ets>, fr. <ets>Briareus</ets> a mythological

hundred-handed giant, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ strong.]</ety>

<def>Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to

have a hundred hands; hence, hundred-handed or many-handed.</def>



<hw>Brib"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable of

being bribed.</def>



<q>A more <qex>bribable</qex> class of electors.</q>

<qau>S. Edwards.</qau>



<hw>Bribe</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bribe</ets> a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that

are generally given to a beggar), LL. <ets>briba</ets> scrap of

bread; cf. OF. <ets>briber</ets>, <ets>brifer</ets>, to eat

gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. <ets>bilibi</ets> food.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A gift begged; a present.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or

promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the

conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position

of trust.</def>



<q>Undue reward for anything against justice is a

<qex>bribe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Hobart.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which seduces; seduction; allurement.</def>



<q>Not the <qex>bribes</qex> of sordid wealth can seduce to leave

these ever<?/blooming sweets.</q>

<qau>Akenside.</qau>



<hw>Bribe</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bribed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bribing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rob or

steal.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give or promise a reward or consideration to

(a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position

of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the

conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe

to.</def>



<q>Neither is he worthy who <qex>bribes</qex> a man to vote

against his conscience.</q>

<qau>F. W. Robertson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a

bribe.</def>



<hw>Bribe</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To commit

robbery or theft.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the

judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of

trust, by some gift or promise.</def>



<q>An attempt to <qex>bribe</qex>, though unsuccessful, has been

holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted.</q>

<qau>Bouvier.</qau>



<q>The bard may supplicate, but cannot <qex>bribe</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Bribe"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Incapable of being

bribed; free from bribes.</def>



<q>From thence to heaven's <qex>bribeless</qex> hall.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Raleigh.</qau>



<hw>Bribe"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

thief.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Lydgate.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who bribes, or pays for corrupt

practices.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which bribes; a bribe.</def>



<q>His service . . . were a sufficient <qex>briber</qex> for his

life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bribe"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Briberies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brybery</ets> rascality, OF. <ets>briberie</ets>. See

<er>Bribe</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Robbery;

extortion.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act or practice of giving or taking bribes;

the act of influencing the official or political action of

another by corrupt inducements.</def>



<cs><col>Bribery oath</col>, <cd>an oath taken by a person that

he has not been bribed as to voting.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Bric"-a brac`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Miscellaneous curiosities and works of

decorative art, considered collectively.</def>



<cs><col>A piece of bric-a-brac</col>, <cd>any curious or antique

article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal

work, or an odd knickknack.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brick</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brik</ets>, F. <ets>brique</ets>; of Ger. origin; cf. AS.

<ets>brice</ets> a breaking, fragment, Prov. E. <ets>brique</ets>

piece, <ets>brique de pain</ets>, equiv. to AS. <ets>hl\'befes

brice</ets>, fr. the root of E. <ets>break</ets>. See

<er>Break</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A block or clay tempered

with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually

rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or

stack called a clamp.</def>



<q>The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of

<qex>bricks</qex> baked in the furnace than the Babylonians.</q>

<qau>Layard.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind

of material; <as>as, a load of <ex>brick</ex>; a thousand of

<ex>brick</ex>.</as></def>



<q>Some of Palladio's finest examples are of

<qex>brick</qex>.</q>

<qau>Weale.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Any oblong rectangular mass; <as>as, a

<ex>brick</ex> of maple sugar; a penny <ex>brick</ex> (of

bread).</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A good fellow; a merry person; <as>as, you 're a

<ex>brick</def></ex></as>. <mark>[Slang]</mark> \'bdHe 's a dear

little <xex>brick</xex>.\'b8



<au>Thackeray.</au>



<cs><col>To have a brick in one's hat</col>, <cd>to be drunk.

<mark>[Slang]</mark></cd></cs>



<note><hand/ <xex>Brick</xex> is used adjectively or in

combination; as, <xex>brick</xex> wall; <xex>brick</xex> clay;

<xex>brick</xex> color; <xex>brick</xex> red.</note>



<cs><col>Brick clay</col>, <cd>clay suitable for, or used in

making, bricks.</cd> -- <col>Brick dust</col>, <cd>dust of

pounded or broken bricks.</cd> -- <col>Brick earth</col>,

<cd>clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks.</cd>

-- <col>Brick loaf</col>, <cd>a loaf of bread somewhat resembling

a brick in shape.</cd> -- <col>Brick nogging</col>

<fld>(</pos>A<cd>rch</pos>.)</fld>, rough brickwork used to fill

in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick

filling.</cd> -- <col>Brick tea</col>, <cd>tea leaves and young

shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and

pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and

Central Asia. <au>S. W. Williams</au>.</cd> -- <col>Brick

trimmer</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a brick arch under a

hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard

against accidents by fire.</cd> -- <col>Brick trowel</col>.

<cd>See <er>Trowel</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brick works</col>, <cd>a

place where bricks are made.</cd> -- <col>Bath brick</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Bath</er>, a city.</cd> -- <col>Pressed

brick</col>, <cd>bricks which, before burning, have been

subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of

shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brick</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bricked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bricking</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To lay

or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with

bricks.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by

smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge

tool, and pointing them.</def>



<cs><col>To brick up</col>, <cd>to fill up, inclose, or line,

with brick.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brick"bat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece or

fragment of a brick. See <er>Bat</er>, 4.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Brick"kiln`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kiln, or

furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green

bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or

fuel for burning them.</def>



<hw>Brick"lay`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Brick</ets> + <ets>lay</ets>.]</ety> <def>One whose

pccupation is to build with bricks.</def>



<cs><col>Bricklayer's itch</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Itch</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brick"lay`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The art of building

with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various

forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks.</def>



<hw>Bric"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brekil</ets>, <ets>brokel</ets>, <ets>bruchel</ets>, fr. AS.

<ets>brecan</ets>, E. <ets>break</ets>. Cf.

<er>Brittle</er>.]</ety> <def>Brittle; easily broken.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>As stubborn steel excels the <qex>brickle</qex> glass.</q>

<qau>Turbervile.</qau>



<hw>Bric"kle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brittleness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brick"mak`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One whose

occupation is to make bricks.</def> --

<wordforms><wf>Brick"mak*ing</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Brick"work`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Anything made of bricks.</def>



<q>Niches in <qex>brickwork</qex> form the most difficult part of

the bricklayer's art.</q>

<qau>Tomlinson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of building with or laying bricks.</def>



<hw>Brick"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of bricks;

formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Brick"yard`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place

where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bri*cole"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A kind of traces with

hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where

horses can not be used.</def>



<hw>Brid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bird.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brid"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bride</er>. Cf. <er>Bridal</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Of

or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; <as>as,

<ex>bridal</ex> ornaments; a <ex>bridal</ex> outfit; a

<ex>bridal</ex> chamber.</as></def>



<hw>Brid"al</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bridale</ets>,

<ets>brudale</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/dealo</ets> brideale, bridal

feast. See <er>Bride</er>, and <er>Ale</er>, 2.]</ety> <def>A

nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage.</def>



<q>Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,

The <qex>bridal</qex> of the earth and sky.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Brid"al*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Celebration

of the nuptial feast.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdIn honor of

this <xex>bridalty</xex>.\'b8



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bride</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bride</ets>, <ets>brid</ets>, <ets>brude</ets>,

<ets>brud</ets>, <ets>burd</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/d</ets>; akin to

OFries. <ets>breid</ets>, OSax. <ets>br<?/d</ets>, D.

<ets>bruid</ets>, OHG. <ets>pr<?/t</ets>, <ets>br<?/t</ets>, G.

<ets>braut</ets>, Icel. <ets>br<?/<?/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan.

<ets>brud</ets>, Goth. <ets>br33s</ets>; cf. Armor.

<ets>pried</ets> spouse, W. <ets>priawd</ets> a married

person.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A woman newly married, or about

to be married.</def>



<q>Has by his own experience tried

How much the wife is dearer than the <qex>bride</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lyttleton.</qau>



<q>I will show thee the <qex>bride</qex>, the Lamb's wife.</q>

<qau>Rev. xxi. 9.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: An object ardently loved.</def>



<cs><col>Bride of the sea</col>, <cd>the city of

Venice.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bride</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make a bride of.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bride"-ale`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bridal</er>.]</ety> <def>A rustic wedding feast; a bridal.

See <er>Ale</er>.</def>



<q>The man that 's bid to <qex>bride-ale</qex>, if he ha' cake,

And drink enough, he need not fear his stake.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Bride"bed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The marriage

bed.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<hw>Bride"cake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Rich or

highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a

wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding.</def>



<hw>Bride"cham`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

nuptial appartment.</def>



<au>Matt. ix. 15.</au>



<hw>Bride"groom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bridegome</ets>, <ets>brudgume</ets>, AS.

<ets>br<?/dguma</ets> (akin to OS. <ets>br<?/digumo</ets>, D.

<ets>bruidegom</ets>, <ets>bruigom</ets>, OHG.

<ets>pr<?/tigomo</ets>, MHG. <ets>briutegome</ets>, G.

<ets>br\'84utigam</ets>); AS. <ets>br<?/d</ets> bride +

<ets>guma</ets> man, akin to Goth. <ets>guma</ets>, Icel.

<ets>gumi</ets>, OHG. <ets>gomo</ets>, L. <ets>homo</ets>; the

insertion of <ets>r</ets> being caused by confusion with

<ets>groom</ets>. See <er>Bride</er>, and cf. <er>Groom</er>,

<er>Homage</er>.]</ety> <def>A man newly married, or just about

to be married.</def>



<hw>Bride"knot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A knot of

ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw><hw>Bride"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>,

<hw>Bride"man</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos></mhw> <def>See

<er>Bridesmaid</er>, <er>Bridesman</er>.</def>



<hw>Brides"maid`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A female

friend who attends on a bride at her wedding.</def>



<hw>Brides"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bridesmen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>. <def>A male friend who

attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the

\'bdbest man.\'b8</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bride"stake`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stake or

post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to dance

round.</def>



<q>Divide the broad bridecake

Round about the <qex>bridestake</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Bride"well</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A house of

correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; -- so

called from a hospital built in 1553 near <xex>St</xex>.

<xex>Bride's</xex> (or <xex>Bridget's</xex>) <xex>well</xex>, in

London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse.</def>



<hw>Bridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brig</ets>, <ets>brigge</ets>, <ets>brug</ets>,

<ets>brugge</ets>, AS. <ets>brycg</ets>, <ets>bricg</ets>; akin

to Fries. <ets>bregge</ets>, D. <ets>brug</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bruccu</ets>, G. <ets>br\'81cke</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bryggja</ets> pier, bridge, Sw. <ets>brygga</ets>, Dan.

<ets>brygge</ets>, and prob. Icel. <ets>br<?/</ets> bridge, Sw. &

Dan. <ets>bro</ets> bridge, pavement, and possibly to E.

<ets>brow</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A structure, usually of

wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water

course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway

from one bank to the other.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything supported at the ends, which serves to

keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in

engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or

staging over which something passes or is conveyed.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The small arch or bar at right

angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise

them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the

instrument.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A device to measure the

resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an

electric circuit.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A low wall or vertical partition in the fire

chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; -- usually

called a <xex>bridge wall</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Aqueduct bridge</col>. <cd>See <er>Aqueduct</er>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Asses' bridge</col>, <col>Bascule bridge</col>,

<col>Bateau bridge</col></mcol>. <cd>See under <er>Ass</er>,

<er>Bascule</er>, <er>Bateau</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bridge of a

steamer</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a narrow platform across

the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in

charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle

boxes.</cd> -- <col>Bridge of the nose</col>, <cd>the upper, bony

part of the nose.</cd> -- <col>Cantalever bridge</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Cantalever</er>.</cd> -- <col>Draw bridge</col>.

<cd>See <er>Drawbridge</er>.</cd> -- <col>Flying bridge</col>,

<cd>a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage

of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with

an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank

by the action of the current or other means.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Girder bridge</col> <or/ <col>Truss

bridge</col></mcol>, <cd>a bridge formed by girders, or by

trusses resting upon abutments or piers.</cd> -- <col>Lattice

bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed by lattice girders.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Pontoon bridge</col>, <col>Ponton bridge</col></mcol>.

<cd>See under <er>Pontoon</er>.</cd> -- <col>Skew bridge</col>,

<cd>a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes

required in railway engineering.</cd> -- <col>Suspension

bridge</col>. <cd>See under <er>Suspension</er>.</cd> --

<col>Trestle bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge formed of a series of

short, simple girders resting on trestles.</cd> -- <col>Tubular

bridge</col>, <cd>a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or

rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted

together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the

Victoria bridge at Montreal.</cd> -- <col>Wheatstone's

bridge</col> <fld>(Elec.)</fld>, <cd>a device for the measurement

of resistances, so called because the balance between the

resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a

current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between

two points of the apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles

<ets>Wheatstone<ets>.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 181 -->



<hw>Bridge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bridged</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bridging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To build a

bridge or bridges on or over; <as>as, to <ex>bridge</ex> a

river</as>.</def>



<q>Their simple engineering <qex>bridged</qex> with felled trees

the streams which could not be forded.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To open or make a passage, as by a bridge.</def>



<q>Xerxes . . . over Hellespont

<qex>Bridging</qex> his way, Europe with Asia joined.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty;

-- generally with <xex>over</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bridge"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A notched board to which the treads and

risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A board or plank used as a bridge.</def>



<hw>Bridge"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the

enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge,

and prevent the enemy from crossing; a t\'88te-de-pont.</def>



<hw>Bridge"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no bridge; not

bridged.</def>



<hw>Bridge"pot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The adjustable socket, or step, of a

millstone spindle.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bridge"tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bridge</ets> + <ets>tree</ets> a beam.]</ety>

<fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The beam which supports the spindle

socket of the runner in a grinding mill.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bridge"-ward`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The principal ward of a key.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bridge"ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>The system of bracing used between floor

or other timbers to distribute the weight.</def>



<cs><col>Bridging joist</col>. <cd>Same as <er>Binding

joist</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bridge"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

bridges.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Bri"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bridel</ets>, AS. <ets>bridel</ets>; akin to OHG.

<ets>britil</ets>, <ets>brittil</ets>, D. <ets>breidel</ets>, and

possibly to E. <ets>braid</ets>. Cf. <er>Bridoon</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The head gear with which a horse is governed and

restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with

other appendages.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A restraint; a curb; a check.</def>



<au>I. Watts.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>The piece in the interior of a

gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A span of rope,

line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope,

line, or chain may be attached to its middle.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A mooring hawser.</def>



<cs><col>Bowline bridle</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Bowline</er>.</cd> -- <col>Branches of a bridle</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Branch</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bridle cable</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4,

above.</cd> -- <col>Bridle hand</col>, <cd>the hand which holds

the bridle in riding; the left hand.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bridle

path</col>, <col>Bridle way</col></mcol>, <cd>a path or way for

saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for

vehicles.</cd> -- <col>Bridle port</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers,

mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed.</cd> -- <col>Bridle

rein</col>, <cd>a rein attached to the bit.</cd> -- <col>Bridle

road</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> Same as <xex>Bridle path<xex>.

<au>Lowell</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> A road in a pleasure park reserved

for horseback exercise.</cd> -- <col>Bridle track</col>, <cd>a

bridle path.</cd> -- <col>Scolding bridle</col>. <cd>See

<er>Branks</er>, 2.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- A check; restrain.</syn>



<hw>Bri"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bridled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bridling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; <as>as, to

<ex>bridle</ex> a horse</as>.</def>



<q>He <qex>bridled</qex> her mouth with a silkweed twist.</q>

<qau>Drake.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with,

a bridle; to check, curb, or control; <as>as, to <ex>bridle</ex>

the passions; to <ex>bridle</ex> a muse.</as></def>



<au>Addison.</au>



<q>Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her

hands to <qex>bridle</qex> Switzerland, are in that

consolidation.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress;

master; subdue.</syn>



<hw>Bri"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To hold up the head, and

draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or

resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with

<xex>up</xex>.</def> \'bdHis <xex>bridling</xex> neck.\'b8



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<q>By her <qex>bridling</qex> up I perceived she expected to be

treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<hw>Bri"dle i`ron</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A

strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup,

one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can

be had; -- called also <altname>stirrup</altname> and

<altname>hanger</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bri"dler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bri*doon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bridon</ets>, from <ets>bride</ets>; of German origin. See

<er>Bridle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>The

snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently

of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in

connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein.</def>



<au>Campbell.</au>



<hw>Brief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bref</ets>, F. <ets>brief</ets>, <ets>bref</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>brevis</ets>; akin to Gr. <?/ short, and perh. to Skr.

<ets>barh</ets> to tear. Cf. <er>Breve</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Short in duration.</def>



<q>How <qex>brief</qex> the life of man.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Concise; terse; succinct.</def>



<q>The <qex>brief</qex> style is that which expresseth much in

little.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Rife; common; prevalent.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>In brief</col>. <cd>See under <er>Brief</er>,

<pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious;

condensed; terse; curt; transistory; short-lived.</syn>



<hw>Brief</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Briefly.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Poetic]</mark>



<q>Adam, faltering long, thus answered <qex>brief</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Soon; quickly.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brief</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brief</er>, <pos>a.</pos>, and cf. <er>Breve</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A short concise writing or letter; a statement

in few words.</def>



<q>Bear this sealed <qex>brief</qex>,

With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And she told me

In a sweet, verbal <qex>brief</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An epitome.</def>



<q>Each woman is a <qex>brief</qex> of womankind.</q>

<qau>Overbury.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An abridgment or concise

statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of

counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a

statement of the heads or points of a law argument.</def>



<q>It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a

<qex>brief</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir J. Stephen.</qau>



<note><hand/ In England, the <xex>brief</xex> is prepared by the

attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their

own briefs.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A writ; a breve. See

<er>Breve</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Scots Law)</fld> <def>A writ issuing from the

chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and

authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case,

and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A letter patent, from proper authority,

authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in

churches, for any public or private purpose.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<cs><col>Apostolical brief</col>, <cd>a letter of the pope

written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the

secretary of briefs, dated \'bda die Nativitatis,\'b8 <it>i.

e.</it>, \'bdfrom the day of the Nativity,\'b8 and sealed with

the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a <xex>bull<xex>, in

its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See

<er>Bull</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brief of title</col>, <cd>an abstract

or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the

chain of title to any real estate.</cd> -- <col>In brief</col>,

<cd>in a few words; in short; briefly.</cd> \'bdOpen the matter

<xex>in brief<xex>.\'b8  <au>Shak.</au></cs>



<hw>Brief</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make an abstract or

abridgment of; to shorten; <as>as, to <ex>brief</ex>

pleadings</as>.</def>



<hw>Brief"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no

brief; without clients; <as>as, a <ex>briefless</ex>

barrister</as>.</def>



<hw>Brief"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Concisely;

in few words.</def>



<hw>Brief"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who makes a brief.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A copier of a manuscript.</def>



<hw>Brief"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality

of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or

writing.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bri"er</hw>, <hw>Bri"ar</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>brere</ets>, <ets>brer</ets>, AS.

<ets>br\'c7r</ets>, <ets>br\'91r</ets>; cf. Ir. <ets>briar</ets>

prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. <ets>preas</ets> bush, brier,

W. <ets>prys</ets>, <ets>prysg</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles;

especially, species of <xex>Rosa</xex>, <xex>Rubus</xex>, and

<xex>Smilax</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the

feelings.</def>



<q>The thorns and <qex>briers</qex> of reproof.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<cs><col>Brier root</col>, <cd>the root of the southern

<spn>Smilax laurifolia</spn> and <spn>S. Walleri</spn>; -- used

for tobacco pipes.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Cat brier</col>, <col>Green

brier</col></mcol>, <cd>several species of Smilax (<spn>S.

rotundifolia</spn>, etc.)</cd> -- <col>Sweet brier</col>

(<spn>Rosa rubiginosa</spn>). <cd>See <er>Sweetbrier</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Yellow brier</col>, <cd>the <spn>Rosa

Eglantina</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bri"ered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Set with

briers.</def>



<au>Chatterton.</au>



<hw>Bri"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full of

briers; thorny.</def>



<hw>Bri"er*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A place where briers

grow.</def>



<au>Huloet.</au>



<hw>Brig</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bridge.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Brig</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Shortened from

<er>Brigantine</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A two-masted,

square-rigged vessel.</def>



<cs><col>Hermaphrodite brig</col>, <cd>a two-masted vessel

square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See

<xex>Illustration<xex> in Appendix.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bri*gade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigade</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brigata</ets> troop, crew,

brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. <ets>briga</ets>

trouble, quarrel. See <er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A body of troops, whether cavalry,

artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more

regiments, under the command of a brigadier general.</def>



<note><hand/ Two or more brigades constitute a division,

commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an

army corps, or <xex>corps d'arm\'82e</xex>.

<mark>[U.S.]</mark></note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any body of persons organized for acting or

marching together under authority; <as>as, a fire

<ex>brigade</ex></as>.</def>



<cs><col>Brigade inspector</col>, <cd>an officer whose duty is to

inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into

service.</cd> -- <col>Brigade major</col>, <cd>an officer who may

be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his

duties.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bri*gade"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brigaded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brigading</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>To form

into a brigade, or into brigades.</def>



<hw>Brig`a*dier" gen"er*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[F.

<ets>brigadier</ets>, fr. <ets>brigade</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>An officer in rank next above a colonel,

and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is

sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a

<xex>brigadier</xex>.</def>



<hw>Brig"and</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigand</ets>, OF. <ets>brigant</ets> light-armed soldier,

fr. LL. <ets>brigans</ets> light-armed soldier (cf. It.

<ets>brigante</ets>.) fr. <ets>brigare</ets> to strive, contend,

fr. <ets>briga</ets> quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to

E. <ets>break</ets>; cf. Goth. <ets>brikan</ets> to break,

<ets>brakja</ets> strife. Cf. <er>Brigue</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A light-armed, irregular foot soldier.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a

band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain

retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter.</def>



<q>Giving them not a little the air of <qex>brigands</qex> or

banditti.</q>

<qau>Jeffery.</qau>



<hw>Brig"and*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigandage</ets>.]</ety> <def>Life and practice of brigands;

highway robbery; plunder.</def>



<hw>Brig"an*dine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigandine</ets> (cf. It. <ets>brigantina</ets>), fr. OF.

<ets>brigant</ets>. See <er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <def>A coast of

armor for the body, consisting of scales or plates, sometimes

overlapping each other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or

other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>brigantine</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Jer. xlvi. 4.</au>



<q>Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet,

And <qex>brigandine</qex> of brass.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Brig"and*ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a

brigand or freebooter; robberlike.</def>



<hw>Brig"and*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Brigandage.</def>



<hw>Brig"an*tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigantin</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brigantino</ets>, originally,

a practical vessel. See <er>Brigand</er>, and cf.

<er>Brig</er>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A practical vessel.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing

from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>See <er>Brigandine</er>.</def>



<hw>Brig"ge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bridge.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Bright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brite</er>, <xex>v. i.</xex></def>



<hw>Bright</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>briht</ets>, AS. <ets>beorht</ets>, <ets>briht</ets>; akin

to OS. <ets>berht</ets>, OHG. <ets>beraht</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bjartr</ets>, Goth. <ets>ba\'a1rhts</ets>. <root/94.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or

having much light; shining; luminous; not dark.</def>



<q>The sun was <qex>bright</qex> o'erhead.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>The earth was dark, but the heavens were

<qex>bright</qex>.</q>

<qau>Drake.</qau>



<q>The public places were as <qex>bright</qex> as at noonday.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Transmitting light; clear; transparent.</def>



<q>From the <qex>brightest</qex> wines

He 'd turn abhorrent.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Having qualities that render conspicuous or

attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye;

resplendent with charms; <as>as, <ex>bright</ex>

beauty</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Bright</qex> as an angel new-dropped from the sky.</q>

<qau>Parnell.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having a clear, quick intellect;

intelligent.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding

cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery.</def>



<q>Be <qex>bright</qex> and jovial among your guests.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Illustrious; glorious.</def>



<q>In the <qex>brightest</qex> annals of a female reign.</q>

<qau>Cotton.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes;

clear; evident; plain.</def>



<q>That he may with more ease, with <qex>brighter</qex> evidence,

and with surer success, draw the bearner on.</q>

<qau>I. Watts.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Of brilliant color; of lively hue or

appearance.</def>



<q>Here the <qex>bright</qex> crocus and blue violet grew.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<note><hand/ <xex>Bright</xex> is used in composition in the

sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; <as>as,

<ex>bright</ex>-eyed, <ex>bright</ex>-haired,

<ex>bright</ex>-hued</as>.</note>



<syn>Syn. -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant;

resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling;

glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty;

clear; vivacious; sunny.</syn>



<hw>Bright</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Splendor; brightness.</def>

<mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<q>Dark with excessive <qex>bright</qex> thy skirts appear.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bright</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Brightly.</def>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>I say it is the moon that shines so <qex>bright</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bright"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brightened</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brightening</er>.]</wordforms> <note>[From

<er>Bright</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</note> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of;

to give a brighter hue to.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to

add luster or splendor to.</def>



<q>The present queen would <qex>brighten</qex> her character, if

she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her

people.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or

removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to

make cheerful; <as>as, to <ex>brighten</ex> one's

prospects</as>.</def>



<q>An ecstasy, which mothers only feel,

Plays round my heart and <qex>brightens</qex> all my sorrow.</q>

<qau>Philips.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make acute or witty; to enliven.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Bright"en</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beorhtan</ets>.]</ety> <def>To grow bright, or more bright;

to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or

cheerful.</def>



<q>And night shall <qex>brighten</qex> into day.</q>

<qau>N. Cotton.</qau>



<q>And, all his prospects <qex>brightening</qex> to the last,

His heaven commences ere world be past.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Bright"-har`nessed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having glittering armor.</def> <mark>[Poetic]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bright"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Brilliantly;

splendidly; with luster; <as>as, <ex>brightly</ex> shining

armor</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>With lively intelligence; intelligently.</def>



<q>Looking <qex>brightly</qex> into the mother's face.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Bright"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>beorhines</ets>. See <er>Bright</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster;

brilliancy; clearness.</def>



<q>A sudden <qex>brightness</qex> in his face appear.</q>

<qau>Crabbe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness

9wit.</def>



<q>The <qex>brightness</qex> of his parts . . . distinguished

him.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence;

brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness.</syn>



<hw>Bright's" dis*ease"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From Dr.

<ets>Bright</ets> of London, who first described it.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An affection of the kidneys, usually

inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of

albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of

Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the

kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid

process.</def>



<hw>Bright"some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bright;

clear; luminous; brilliant.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Marlowe.</au>



<hw>Bri*gose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>brigosus</ets>, It. <ets>brigoso</ets>. See <er>Brigue</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Contentious; quarrelsome.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Puller.</au>



<hw>Brigue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brigue</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>briga</ets> quarrel. See

<er>Brigand</er>.]</ety> <def>A cabal, intrigue, faction,

contention, strife, or quarrel.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chesterfield.</au>



<hw>Brigue</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>briguer</ets>.

See <er>Brigue</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To contend for; to

canvass; to solicit.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bp. Hurd.</au>



<hw>Brike</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>brice</ets>.]</ety> <def>A breach; ruin; downfall;

peril.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brill</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Corn.

<ets>brilli</ets> mackerel, fr. <ets>brith</ets> streaked,

speckled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish allied to the

turbot (<spn>Rhombus levis</spn>), much esteemed in England for

food; -- called also <altname>bret</altname>,

<altname>pearl</altname>, <altname>prill</altname>. See

<er>Bret</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bril*lan"te</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <ety>[It.

See <er>Brilliant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld>

<def>In a gay, showy, and sparkling style.</def>



<hw>Bril"lance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Brilliancy.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Bril"lan*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <def>The quality of being brilliant;

splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or

figurative sense.</def>



<q>With many readers <qex>brilliancy</qex> of style passes for

affluence of thought.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<-- p. 182 -->



<hw>Bril"liant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brillant</ets>, <pos>p. pr.</pos> of <ets>briller</ets> to

shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. <ets>brillar</ets>, It.

<ets>brillare</ets>), fr. L. <ets>beryllus</ets> a precious stone

of sea-green color, Prov. It. <ets>brill</ets>. See

<er>Beryl</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sparkling with luster;

glittering; very bright; <as>as, a <ex>brilliant</ex>

star</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Distinguished by qualities which excite

admiration; splended; shining; <as>as, <ex>brilliant</ex>

talents</as>.</def>



<q>Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to

perform <qex>brilliant</qex> exploits.</q>

<qau>Fisher Ames.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Shining</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bril"liant</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>brillant</ets>.

See <er>Brilliant</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and

facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is

rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a

principal face, called the <xex>table</xex>, which is surrounded

by a number of sloping facets forming a <xex>bizet</xex>; below,

it has a small face or <xex>collet</xex>, parallel to the table,

connected with the <xex>gridle</xex> by a <xex>pavilion</xex> of

elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the

<xex>rose</xex> diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on

the surface, and is flat below.</def>



<q>This snuffbox -- on the hinge see <qex>brilliants</qex>

shine.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>The small size of type used

in England printing.</def>



<note><hand/ This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.

<?/<?/</note>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A kind of kotton goods, figured on the

weaving.</def>



<hw>Bril"liant*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brilliant

manner.</def>



<hw>Bril"liant*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brilliancy;

splendor; glitter.</def>



<hw>Brills</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[CF. G.

<ets>brille</ets> spectacles, D. <ets>bril</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>berillus</ets>. See <er>Brilliant</er>.]</ety> <def>The hair

on the eyelids of a horse.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Brim</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brim</ets>, <ets>brimme</ets>, AS. <ets>brymme</ets> edge,

border; akin to Icel. <ets>barmr</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'84m</ets>,

Dan. <ets>br\'91mme</ets>, G. <ets>brame</ets>,

<ets>br\'84me</ets>. Possibly the same word as AS.

<ets>brim</ets> surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of

surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. <ets>fremere</ets>

to roar, murmur. Cf. <er>Breeze</er> a fly.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow

vessel used for holding anything.</def>



<q>Saw I that insect on this goblet's <qex>brim</qex>

I would remove it with an anxious pity.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the

water contained in it; the brink; border.</def>



<q>The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the

<qex>brim</qex> of the water.</q>

<qau>Josh. iii. 15.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The rim of a hat.</def>



<au>Wordsworth.</au>



<hw>Brim</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brimmed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brimming</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To be full to the

brim.</def> \'bdThe <xex>brimming</xex> stream.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<cs><col>To brim over</col> <mark>(literally or

figuratively)</mark>, <cd>to be so full that some of the contents

flows over the brim; as, cup <xex>brimming over<xex> with wine; a

man <xex>brimming over<xex> with fun.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brim</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To fill to the brim, upper

edge, or top.</def>



<q>Arrange the board and <qex>brim</qex> the glass.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Brim</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Fierce; sharp; cold. See

<er>Breme</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brim"ful</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full to the

brim; completely full; ready to overflow.</def> \'bdHer

<xex>brimful</xex> eyes.\'b8



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Brim"less</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having no brim; <as>as,

<ex>brimless</ex> caps</as>.</def>



<hw>Brimmed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a brim; -- usually in composition.</def>

\'bdBroad-<xex>brimmed</xex> hat.\'b8



<au>Spectator.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full to, or level with, the brim.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Brim"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A brimful

bowl; a bumper.</def>



<hw>Brim"ming</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Full to the brim;

overflowing.</def>



<hw>Brim"stone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brimston</ets>, <ets>bremston</ets>, <ets>bernston</ets>,

<ets>brenston</ets>; cf. Icel. <ets>brennistein</ets>. See

<er>Burn</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>, and <er>Stone</er>.]</ety>

<def>Sulphur; See <er>Sulphur</er>.</def>



<hw>Brim"stone</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Made of, or pertaining

to, brimstone; <as>as, <ex>brimstone</ex> matches</as>.</def>



<q>From his <qex>brimstone</qex> bed at break of day

A-walking the devil has gone.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<hw>Brim"sto`ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Containing

or resembling brimstone; sulphurous.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Brin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are

larger and longer, and are called <xex>panaches</xex>.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Brin"ded</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Icel.

<ets>br\'94nd\'d3ttr</ets> brindled, fr. <ets>brandr</ets> brand;

and OE. <ets>bernen</ets>, <ets>brinnen</ets>, to burn. See

<er>Brand</er>, <er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <def>Of a gray or tawny

color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled.</def> 

\'bdThree <xex>brinded</xex> cows,\'b8 <au>Dryden</au>. \'bdThe

<xex>brinded</xex> cat.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.



<hw>Brin"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brindled</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state of being

brindled.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brindled color; also, that which is

brindled.</def>



<hw>Brin"dle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brindled.</def>



<hw>Brin"dled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[A dim. form

of <ets>brinded</ets>.]</ety> <def>Having dark streaks or spots

on a gray or tawny ground; brinded.</def> \'bdWith a

<xex>brindled</xex> lion played.\'b8



<au>Churchill.</au>



<hw>Brine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bryne</ets> a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr.

<ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brynnan</ets>, to burn. See

<er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Water saturated or

strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline

solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor

resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial

waters.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt

lake.</def>



<q>Not long beneath the whelming <qex>brine</qex> . . . he

lay.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Tears; -- so called from their saltness.</def>



<q>What a deal of <qex>brine</qex>

Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for

Rosaline!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Brine fly</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a fly of the

genus <spn>Ephydra</spn>, the larv\'91 of which live in

artificial brines and in salt lakes.</cd> -- <col>Brine

gauge</col>, <cd>an instrument for measuring the saltness of a

liquid.</cd> -- <col>Brine pan</col>, <cd>a pit or pan of salt

water, where salt is formed by cristallization.</cd> --

<col>Brine pit</col>, <cd>a salt spring or well, from which water

is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt.</cd> --

<col>Brine pump</col> <fld>(Marine Engin.)</fld>, <cd>a pump for

changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the

brine which collects at the bottom.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brine

shrimp</col>, <col>Brine worm</col></mcol> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a phyllopod crustacean of the genus <spn>Artemia</spn>,

inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt

lakes. See <er>Artemia</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brine spring</col>,

<cd>a spring of salt water.</cd> -- <col>Leach brine</col>

<fld>(Saltmaking)</fld>, <cd>brine which drops from granulated

salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

steep or saturate in brine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sprinkle with salt or brine; <as>as, to

<ex>brine</ex> hay</as>.</def>



<hw>Bring</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brought</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bringing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bringen</ets>, AS.

<ets>bringan</ets>; akin to OS. <ets>brengian</ets>, D.

<ets>brengen</ets>, Fries. <ets>brenga</ets>, OHG.

<ets>bringan</ets>, G. <ets>bringen</ets>, Goth.

<ets>briggan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To convey to the

place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more

distant to a nearer place; to fetch.</def>



<q>And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said,

<qex>Bring</qex> me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread.</q>

<qau>1 Kings xvii. 11.</qau>



<q>To France shall we convey you safe,

And <qex>bring</qex> you back.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cause the accession or obtaining of; to

procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to.</def>



<q>There is nothing will <qex>bring</qex> you more honor . . .

than to do what right in justice you may.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To convey; to move; to carry or conduct.</def>



<q>In distillation, the water . . . <qex>brings</qex> over with

it some part of the oil of vitriol.</q>

<qau>Sir I. Newton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to

guide.</def>



<q>It seems so preposterous a thing . . . that they do not easily

<qex>bring</qex> themselves to it.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<q>The nature of the things . . . would not suffer him to think

otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is <qex>brought</qex> to

reflect on them.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch;

as, what does coal <xex>bring</xex> per ton?</def>



<cs><col>To bring about</col>, <cd>to bring to pass; to effect;

to accomplish.</cd> -- <col>To bring back</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To recall.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To restore, as something

borrowed, to its owner.</cd> -- <col>To bring by the lee</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to incline so rapidly to leeward of the

course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side

suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose

her to danger of upsetting.</cd> -- <col>To bring down</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to come down.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

humble or abase; <as>as, <ex>to bring down<ex> high

looks</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring down the house</col>, <cd>to

cause tremendous applause.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To

bring forth</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To produce, as young

fruit.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To bring to light; to make

manifest.</cd> -- <col>To bring forward</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd>

<cd>To hasten; to promote; to forward.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

propose; to adduce; <as>as, <ex>to bring forward<ex>

arguments</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring home</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To bring to one's house.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To prove

conclusively; <as>as, <ex>to bring home<ex> a charge of

treason</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To cause one to feel or

appreciate by personal experience.</cd> <sd>(d)</sd>

<fld>(Naut.</fld>) <cd>To lift of its place, as an anchor.</cd>

-- <col>To bring in</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To fetch from

without; to import.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To introduce, as a bill

in a deliberative assembly.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To return or

repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render;

<as>as, <ex>to bring in<ex> a verdict or a report</as>.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To take to an appointed place of deposit or

collection; <as>as, <ex>to bring in<ex> provisions or money for a

specified object</as>.</cd> <sd>(e)</sd> <cd>To produce, as

income.</cd> <sd>(f)</sd> <cd>To induce to join.</cd> -- <col>To

bring off</col>, <cd>to bear or convey away; to clear from

condemnation; to cause to escape.</cd> -- <col>To bring on</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To cause to begin.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To

originate or cause to exist; <as>as, <ex>to bring on<ex> a

disease</as>.</cd> -- <col>To bring one on one's way</col>,

<cd>to accompany, guide, or attend one.</cd> -- <col>To bring

out</col>, <cd>to expose; to detect; to bring to light from

concealment.</cd> -- <col>To bring over</col>. <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>To fetch or bear across.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To convert by

persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an

opinion.</cd> -- <col>To bring to</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To

resuscitate; to bring back to consciousness or life, as a

fainting person.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <cd>To

check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by

counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she

is then said to <xex>lie to<xex>).</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To cause

(a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course.</cd>

<sd>(d)</sd> <cd>To apply a rope to the capstan.</cd> -- <col>To

bring to light</col>, <cd>to disclose; to discover; to make

clear; to reveal.</cd> -- <col>To bring a sail to</col>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to bend it to the yard.</cd> -- <col>To

bring to pass</col>, <cd>to accomplish to effect.</cd> \'bdTrust

also in Him; and He shall <xex>bring it to pass<xex>.\'b8 <au>Ps.

xxxvii. 5</au>. -- <col>To bring under</col>, <cd>to subdue; to

restrain; to reduce to obedience.</cd> -- <col>To bring up</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to

educate.</cd> <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To cause to stop suddenly.</cd>

<sd>(c)</sd> <note>[<pos>v. i.</pos> by dropping the reflexive

pronoun]</note> <cd>To stop suddenly; to come to a

standstill.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To bring up (any

one) with a round turn</col>, <cd>to cause (any one) to stop

abruptly.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> -- <col>To be brought to

bed</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bed</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import;

procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce.</syn>



<hw>Bring"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

brings.</def>



<q>Yet the first <qex>bringer</qex> of unwelcome news

Hath but a losing office.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Bringer in</col>, <cd>one who, or that which,

introduces.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brin"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.</def>



<hw>Brin"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like brine;

somewhat salt; saltish.</def> \'bd<xex>Brinish</xex> tears.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brin"ish*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>State or quality of

being brinish.</def>



<hw>\'d8Brin"ja*ree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

rough-haired East Indian variety of the greyhound.</def>



<hw>Brink</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dan.

<ets>brink</ets> edge, verge; akin to Sw. <ets>brink</ets>

declivity, hill, Icel. <ets>brekka</ets>; cf. LG.

<ets>brink</ets> a grassy hill, W. <ets>bryn</ets> hill,

<ets>bryncyn</ets> hillock.]</ety> <def>The edge, margin, or

border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of

a river or pit; a verge; a border; <as>as, the <ex>brink</ex> of

a chasm</as>. Also Fig.</def>  \'bdThe <xex>brink</xex> of

vice.\'b8 <au>Bp. Porteus</au>. \'bdThe <xex>brink</xex> of

ruin.\'b8 <au>Burke</au>.



<q>The plashy <qex>brink</qex> of weedy lake.</q>

<qau>Bryant.</qau>



<hw>Brin"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Brine</er>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to brine, or to the

sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; <as>as, a

<ex>briny</ex> taste; the <ex>briny</ex> flood.</as></def>



<hw>Bri"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bryony</er>.</def>



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<hw>Brisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>brysg</ets>, fr. <ets>brys</ets> haste, Gael.

<ets>briosg</ets> quick, lively, Ir. <ets>broisg</ets> a start,

leap, jerk.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Full of liveliness and

activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively;

spirited; quick.</def>



<q>Cheerily, boys; be <qex>brick</qex> awhile.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Brick</qex> toil alternating with ready ease.</q>

<qau>Wordworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of spirit of life; effervesc<?/ng, as

liquors; sparkling; <as>as, <ex>brick</ex> cider</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick;

sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.</syn>



<hw>Brisk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bricked</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bricking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To make or become lively; to

enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold

attitude; -- usually with <xex>up</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bris"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bruskette</ets>, OF. <ets>bruschet</ets>, F.

<ets>br\'82chet</ets>, <ets>brichet</ets>; prob. of Celtic

origin; cf. W. <ets>brysced</ets> the breast of a slain animal,

brisket, Corn. <ets>vrys</ets> breast, Armor. <ets>brusk</ets>,

<ets>bruched</ets>, the front of the chest, Gael.

<ets>brisgein</ets> the cartilaginous part of a bone.]</ety>

<def>That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the

fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of

a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest.</def> 

<note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. of <er>Beef</er>.]</note>



<hw>Brisk"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brisk

manner; nimbly.</def>



<hw>Brisk"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Liveliness; vigor in

action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence.</def>



<hw>Bris"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bristel</ets>, <ets>brustel</ets>, AS. <ets>bristl</ets>,

<ets>byrst</ets>; akin to D. <ets>borstel</ets>, OHG.

<ets>burst</ets>, G. <ets>borste</ets>, Icel. <ets>burst</ets>,

Sw. <ets>borst</ets>, and to Skr. <ets>bh<?/shti</ets> edge,

point, and prob, L. <ets>fastigium</ets> extremity, Gr. <?/ stern

of a ship, and E. <ets>brush</ets>, <ets>burr</ets>, perh. to

<ets>brad</ets>. <root/96.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A short,

stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A stiff, sharp, roundish

hair.</def>



<au>Gray.</au>



<hw>Bris"tle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bristled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bristling</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up,

as the bristles of an angry hog; -- sometimes with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>Now for the bare-picked bone of majesty

Doth dogged war <qex>bristle</qex> his angry crest.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Boy, <qex>bristle</qex> thy courage up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To fix a bristle to; <as>as, to <ex>bristle</ex>

a thread</as>.</def>



<hw>Bris"tle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rise or

stand erect, like bristles.</def>



<q>His hair did <qex>bristle</qex> upon his head.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To appear as if covered with bristles; to have

standing, thick and erect, like bristles.</def>



<q>The hill of La Haye Sainte <qex>bristling</qex> with ten

thousand bayonets.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<q>Ports <qex>bristling</qex> with thousands of masts.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To show deflance or indignation.</def>



<cs><col>To bristle up</col>, <cd>to show anger or

deflance.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bris"tle-point`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Terminating in a very fine, sharp point,

as some leaves.</def>



<hw>Bris"tle-shaped`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Resembling a bristle in form; <as>as, a

<ex>bristle-shaped</ex> leaf</as>.</def>



<hw>Bris"tle*tail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the genera

<spn>Lepisma</spn>, <spn>Campodea</spn>, etc., belonging to the

Thysanura.</def>



<hw>Bris"tli*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or state of having bristles.</def>



<hw>Bris"tly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>THick set with

bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough.</def>



<q>The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat

<qex>bristly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<hw>Bris"tol</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A seaport city

in the west of England.</def>



<cs><col>Bristol board</col>, <cd>a kind of fine pasteboard, made

with a smooth but usually unglazed surface.</cd> -- <col>Bristol

brick</col>, <cd>a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing

cultery; -- originally manufactured at <ets>Bristol<ets>.</cd> --

<col>Bristol stone</col>, <cd>rock crystal, or brilliant crystals

of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near

<ets>Bristol<ets>, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When

polished, it is called <stype>Bristol diamond</stype>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bri*sure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>Any part of a rampart or

parapet which deviates from the general direction.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Her.)</fld> <def>A mark of cadency or

difference.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brit</hw>, <hw>Britt</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The young

of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the

sprat.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The minute marine animals (chiefly

Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.</def>



<hw>Bri*tan"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From L.

<ets>Britannia</ets> Great Britain.]</ety> <def>A white-metal

alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat

resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also

<altname>Britannia metal</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bri*tan"nic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Britannicus</ets>, fr. <ets>Britannia</ets> Great

Britain.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British;

<as>as, her <ex>Britannic</ex> Majesty</as>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Brite</hw>, <hw>Bright</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley,

or hops.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Brit"i*cism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A word,

phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a

word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.</def>



<hw>Brit"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>Brittisc</ets>, <ets>Bryttisc</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or

pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes

restrict to the original inhabitants.</def>



<cs><col>British gum</col>, <cd>a brownish substance, very

soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a

temperature of about 600\'f8 Fahr. It corresponds, in its

properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute

for gum in stiffering goods.</cd> -- <col>British lion</col>,

<cd>the national emblem of Great Britain.</cd> -- <col>British

seas</col>, <cd>the four seas which surround Great

Britain.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brit"ish</hw>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <def>People of Great

Britain.</def>



<hw>Brit"ish*er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An Englishman; a subject

or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military

or naval service.</def> <mark>[Now used jocosely]</mark>



<hw>Brit"on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bryten</ets> Britain.]</ety> <def>British.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Spenser</au>. -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A native of Great Britain.</def></def2>



<hw>Brit"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>britel</ets>, <ets>brutel</ets>, AS. <ets>bryttian</ets> to

dispense, fr. <ets>bre\'a2tan</ets> to break; akin to Icel.

<ets>brytja</ets>, Sw. <ets>bryta</ets>, Dan. <ets>bryde</ets>.

Cf. <er>Brickle</er>.]</ety> <def>Easily broken; apt to break;

fragile; not tough or tenacious<-- contrast to flexible; usually

hard -->.</def>



<q>Farewell, thou pretty, <qex>brittle</qex> piece

Of fine-cut crystal.</q>

<qau>Cotton.</qau>



<cs><col>Brittle silver ore</col>, <cd>the mineral

stephanite.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brit"tle*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brittle

manner.</def>



<au>Sherwood.</au>



<hw>Brit"tle*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Aptness to break;

fragility.</def>



<-- p. 183 -->



<hw>Brit"tle star`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>Any species of

ophiuran starfishes. See <er>Ophiuroidea</er>.</def>



<hw>Britz"ska</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Russ.

<ets>britshka</ets>; cf. Pol. <ets>bryczka</ets>, dim. of

<ets>bryka</ets> freight wagon.]</ety> <def>A long carriage, with

a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at

night, when used on a journey.</def>



<hw>Brize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The breeze fly.

See <er>Breeze</er>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Broach</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>broche</ets>, F. <ets>broche</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>brocca</ets>; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>proc</ets>

thrust, stab, Gael. <ets>brog</ets> awl. Cf.

<er>Brooch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A spit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>He turned a <qex>broach</qex> that had worn a crown.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin,

sharpened at each end, used by thatchers.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<au>Forby.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A tool of steel,

generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to

eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal;

sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot

holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is

commonly square and without taper.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A

straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed

through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by

revolving tools; a drift.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A broad chisel for

stonecutting.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A spire rising from a

tower.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A clasp for fastening a garment. See

<er>Brooch</er>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A spitlike start, on the head of a young

stag.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>The stick from which candle wicks are suspended

for dipping.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the

key.</def>



<hw>Broach</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Broached</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Broaching</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[F.

<ets>brocher</ets>, fr. <ets>broche</ets>. See <er>Broach</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To spit; to pierce as with

a spit.</def>



<q>I'll <qex>broach</qex> the tadpole on my rapier's point.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw

the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood.</def>



<q>Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,

He bravely <qex>broached</qex> his boiling bloody breast.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To open for the first time, as stores.</def>



<q>You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open

the old armories, I will <qex>broach</qex> my store, and will

bring forth my stores.</q>

<qau>Knolles.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make public; to utter; to publish first; to

put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation.</def>



<q>Those very opinions themselves had <qex>broached</qex>.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To cause to begin or break out.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>To shape roughly, as a

block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool.</def>

<mark>[Scot. & North of Eng.]</mark>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a

broach.</def>



<cs><col>To broach to</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to incline

suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose

the vessel to the danger of oversetting.</cd></cs>



<hw>Broach"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

spit; a broach.</def>



<q>On five sharp <qex>broachers</qex> ranked, the roast they

turned.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first

publisher or promoter.</def>



<q>Some such <qex>broacher</qex> of heresy.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<hw>Broad</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Broader</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Broadest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brod</ets>, <ets>brad</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'bed</ets>; akin to

OS. <ets>br\'c7d</ets>, D. <ets>breed</ets>, G. <ets>breit</ets>,

Icel. <ets>brei<?/r</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>bred</ets>, Goth.

<ets>braids</ets>. Cf. <er>Breadth</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; -- opposed to

<xex>narrow</xex>; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex> street, a

<ex>broad</ex> table; an inch <ex>broad</ex>.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; <as>as,

the <ex>broad</ex> expanse of ocean</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear;

full.</def> \'bd<xex>Broad</xex> and open day.\'b8



<au>Bp. Porteus.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or

quality; not limited; not restrained; -- applied to any subject,

and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise

meaning depending largely on the substantive.</def>



<q>A <qex>broad</qex> mixture of falsehood.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<note>Hence: -</note>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.</def>



<q>The words in the Constitution are <qex>broad</qex> enough to

include the case.</q>

<qau>D. Daggett.</qau>



<q>In a <qex>broad</qex>, statesmanlike, and masterly way.</q>

<qau>E. Everett.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Plain; evident; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex>

hint</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Free; unrestrained; unconfined.</def>



<q>As <qex>broad</qex> and general as the casing air.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Fine Arts)</fld> <def>Characterized by breadth.

See <er>Breadth</er>.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Cross; coarse; indelicate; <as>as, a

<ex>broad</ex> compliment; a <ex>broad</ex> joke; <ex>broad</ex>

humor.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Strongly marked; <as>as, a <ex>broad</ex>

Scotch accent</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Broad</xex> is often used in compounds to

signify <xex>wide</xex>, <xex>large</xex>, etc.; <as>as,

<ex>broad</ex>-chested, <ex>broad</ex>-shouldered,

<ex>broad</ex>-spreading, <ex>broad</ex>-winged.</note>



<cs><col>Broad acres</col>. <cd>See under <er>Acre</er>.</cd> --

<col>Broad arrow</col>, <cd>originally a pheon. See

<er>Pheon</er>, and <xex>Broad arrow<xex> under

<er>Arrow</er>.</cd> -- <col>As broad as long</col>, <cd>having

the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as

another; coming to the same result by different ways or

processes.</cd></cs>



<q>It is as <qex>broad as long</qex>, whether they rise to

others, or bring others down to them.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<cs><col>Broad pennant</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Pennant</er>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy;

extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal.</syn>



<hw>Broad</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The broad part of

anything; <as>as, the <ex>broad</ex> of an oar</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a

flooded fen.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<au>Southey.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A lathe tool for turning down the insides and

bottoms of cylinders.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Broad"ax` Broad"axe`</hw> }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An ancient military weapon; a

battle-ax.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ax with a broad edge, for hewing

timber.</def>



<hw>Broad"bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A wild duck (<spn>Aythya, <or/

Fuligula, marila)</spn>, which appears in large numbers on the

eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -- called also

<altname>bluebill</altname>, <altname>blackhead</altname>,

<altname>raft duck</altname>, and <altname>scaup duck</altname>.

See <er>Scaup duck</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The shoveler. See

<er>Shoveler</er>.</def>



<hw>Broad"brim`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the

society of Friends.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A member of the society of Friends; a

Quaker.</def> <mark>[Sportive]</mark>



<hw>Broad"-brimmed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a broad brim.</def>



<q>A <qex>broad-brimmed</qex> flat silver plate.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



<hw>Broad"cast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Agric.)</fld> <def>A casting or throwing seed in all

directions, as from the hand in sowing.</def>



<hw>Broad"cast`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Cast or

dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing;

widely diffused.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Scattering in all directions (as a method of

sowing); -- opposed to planting in hills, or rows.</def>



<hw>Broad"cast`</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>So as to scatter or be

scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from

the hand in sowing, or news from the press.</def>



<hw>Broad" Church`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>A

portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim

to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship,

intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or

evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of

men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine

and fellowship.</def>



<q>Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church,

another party of a different character has always existed in the

Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate,

Catholic, or <qex>Broad Church</qex>, by its friends;

Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive

character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are

charity and toleration.</q>

<qau>Conybeare.</qau>



<hw>Broad"cloth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A fine

smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double

width (<it>i.e.</it>, a yard and a half); -- so called in

distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.</def>



<hw>Broad"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>p. & p. p.</pos> <er>Broadened</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.n.</pos> <er>Broadening</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From <er>Broad</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To grow broad; to become broader or

wider.</def>



<q>The <qex>broadening</qex> sun appears.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<hw>Broad"en</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make broad or

broader; to render more broad or comprehensive.</def>



<hw>Broad" gauge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Railroad)</fld> <def>A

wider distance between the rails than the \'bdstandard\'b8 gauge

of four feet eight inches and a half. See <er>Gauge</er>.</def>



<hw>Broad"-horned`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

horns spreading widely.</def>



<hw>Broad"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Rather broad; moderately

broad.</def>



<hw>Broad"leaf`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A tree (<spn>Terminalia latifolia</spn>)

of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling,

shingles, etc; -- sometimes called the <xex>almond tree</xex>,

from the shape of its fruit.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Broad"-leaved`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Broad"-leafed`</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves.</def>



<au>Keats.</au>



<hw>Broad"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a broad manner.</def>



<hw>Broad"mouth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of the <xex>Eurylaimid\'91</xex>,

a family of East Indian passerine birds.</def>



<hw>Broad"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>br\'bednes</ets>.]</ety> <def>The condition or quality of

being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness.</def>



<hw>Broad"piece`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An old

English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or

Jacobus.</def>



<hw>Broad" seal`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>The great seal of

England; the public seal of a country or state.</def>



<hw>Broad"seal`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To stamp with the

broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or warrant.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Thy presence <qex>broadseals</qex> our delights for pure.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Broad"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The side of a ship above the water line,

from the bow to the quarter.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A discharge of or from all the guns on one side

of a ship, at the same time.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A volley of abuse or denunciation.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>A sheet of paper containing

one large page, or printed on one side only; -- called also

<altname>broadsheet</altname>.</def>



<hw>Broad"spread`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Widespread.</def>



<hw>Broad"spread`ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Spreading

widely.</def>



<hw>Broad"sword`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A sword

with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore.</def>



<q>I heard the <qex>broadsword's</qex> deadly clang.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<hw>Broad"wise`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos>

<def>Breadthwise.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Brob</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Gael.

<ets>brog</ets>, E. <ets>brog</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>

<def>A peculiar brad-shaped spike, to be driven alongside the end

of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping.</def>



<hw>Brob`ding*nag"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <ets>Brobdingnag</ets>, a country of giants in

\'bdGulliver's Travels.\'b8]</ety> <def>Colossal' of

extraordinary height; gigantic.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos>

<def> A giant.</def></def2> <altsp>[Spelt often

<asp>Brobdignagian</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bro*cade"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>brocado</ets> (cf. It. <ets>broccato</ets>, F.

<ets>brocart</ets>), fr. LL. <ets>brocare</ets> *prick, to figure

(textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See

<er>Broach</er>.]</ety> <def>Silk stuff, woven with gold and

silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.;

-- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched.</def>



<q>A gala suit of faded <qex>brocade</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bro*cad"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with

raised flowers, etc.</def>



<q><qex>Brocaded</qex> flowers o'er the gay mantua shine.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Dressed in brocade.</def>



<hw>Bro"cage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brokkerage</er>.</def>



<hw>Broc"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. fr.

<ets>Brocardica</ets>, <ets>Brocardicorum</ets> opus, a

collection of ecclesiastical canons by <ets>Burkhard</ets>,

Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French,

<ets>Brocard</ets>.]</ety> <def>An elementary principle or

maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or

metaphysics.</def>



<q>The legal <qex>brocard</qex>, \'bdFalsus in uno, falsus in

omnibus,\'b8 is a rule not more applicable to other witness than

to consciousness.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Hamilton.</qau>



<hw>Bro"ca*tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brocatelle</ets>, fr. It. <ets>brocatello</ets>: cf. Sp.

<ets>brocatel</ets>. See <er>Brocade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly

for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray,

yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also

called <xex>Siena marble</xex>, from its locality.</def>



<hw>Bro`ca*tel"lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Brocatel</er>.</def>



<hw>Broc"co*li</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.

<ets>broccoli</ets>, pl. of <ets>broccolo</ets> sprout, cabbage

sprout, dim. of <ets>brocco</ets> splinter. See <er>Broach</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the

Cabbage species (<spn>Brassica oleracea</spn>) of many varieties,

resembling the cauliflower. The \'bdcurd,\'b8 or flowering head,

is the part used for food.</def>



<hw>Broch"an*tite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Brochant</ets> de Villiers, a French mineralogist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in

emerald-green crystals.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bro`ch\'82"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[F.]</ety> <def>Woven with a figure; <as>as,

<ex>broch\'82</ex> goods</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Broche</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Broach</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<hw>\'d8Bro*chure"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

<ets>brocher</ets> to stitch. See <er>Broach</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A printed and stitched book containing only

a few leaves; a pamphlet.</def>



<hw>Brock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>broc</ets>, fr. W. <ets>broch</ets>; akin to Ir. & Gael.

<ets>broc</ets>, Corn. & Armor. <ets>broch</ets>; cf. Ir. & Gael.

<ets>breac</ets> speckled.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

badger.</def>



<q>Or with pretense of chasing thence the <qex>brock</qex>.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<hw>Brock</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Brocket</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A brocket.</def>



<au>Bailey.</au>



<hw>Brock"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>broket</ets>, F. <ets>broquart</ets> fallow deer a year old,

fr. the same root as E. <ets>broach</ets>, meaning point (hence

tine of a horn).]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

male red deer two years old; -- sometimes called

<altname>brock</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small South American

deer, of several species (<spn>Coassus superciliaris</spn>,

<spn>C. rufus</spn>, and <spn>C. auritus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Brock"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Beastly; brutal.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Bale.</au>



<hw>Brode"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brodequin</ets>, OE. <ets>brossequin</ets>, fr. OD.

<ets>broseken</ets>, <ets>brosekin</ets>, dim. of

<ets>broos</ets> buskin, prob. fr. LL. <ets>byrsa</ets> leather,

Gr. <?/ skin, hide. Cf. <er>Buskin</er>.]</ety> <def>A buskin or

half-boot.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>brodequin</asp>.]</altsp> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brog</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gael. Cf.

<er>Brob</er>.]</ety> <def>A pointed instrument, as a joiner's

awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick.</def>



<hw>Brog</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To prod with a pointed

instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle.</def> <mark>[Scot. &

Prov.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bro"gan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stout, coarse

shoe; a brogue.</def>



<hw>Brog"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

Prov. E. <ets>brog</ets> to broggle. Cf. <er>Brog</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To sniggle, or fish with a brog.</def>

<mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Brogue</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ir. & Gael.

<ets>brog</ets> shoe, hoof.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A stout,

coarse shoe; a brogan.</def>



<note><hand/ In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was

made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair

on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward

given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume.</note>



<cs><col>Clouted brogues</col>, <cd>patched brogues; also,

brogues studded with nails. See under <er>Clout</er>, <xex>v.

t.<xex></cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner

of pronouncing English.</def>



<q>Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker <qex>brogue</qex>.</q>

<qau>Lloyd.</qau>



<hw>Brogues</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Breeches</er>.]</ety> <def>Breeches.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shenstone.</au>



<hw>Broid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To

braid.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Broid"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Broidered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>broiden</ets>,

<ets>brouden</ets>, F. <ets>broder</ets>, confused with E.

<ets>braid</ets>; F. <ets>broder</ets> is either the same word as

<ets>border</ets> to border (see <er>Border</er>), or perh. of

Celtic origin; cf. W. <ets>brathu</ets> to sting, stab, Ir. &

Gael. <ets>brod</ets> goad, prickle, OE. <ets>brod</ets> a goad;

and also Icel. <ets>broddr</ets> a spike, a sting, AS.

<ets>brord</ets> a point.]</ety> <def>To embroider.</def>

<mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>They shall make a <qex>broidered</qex> coat.</q>

<qau>Ex. xxviii. 4.</qau>



<hw>Broid"er*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

embroiders.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Broid"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Embroidery.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<q>The golden <qex>broidery</qex> tender Milkah wove.</q>

<qau>Tickell.</qau>



<hw>Broil</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brouiller</ets> to disorder, from LL. <ets>brogilus</ets>,

<ets>broilus</ets>, <ets>brolium</ets>, thicket, wood, park; of

uncertain origin; cf. W. <ets>brog</ets> a swelling out, OHG.

<ets>pr\'d3il</ets> marsh, G. <ets>br\'81hl</ets>, MHG.

<ets>brogen</ets> to rise. The meaning <ets>tumult</ets>,

<ets>confusion</ets>, comes apparently from <ets>tangled

undergrowth</ets>, <ets>thicket</ets>, and this possibly from the

meaning <ets>to grow</ets>, <ets>rise</ets>,

<ets>sprout</ets>.]</ety> <def>A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a

disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between

individuals or in the state.</def>



<q>I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human

nature which will which will cause innumerable <qex>broils</qex>,

place men in what situation you please.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation;

dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.</syn>



<hw>Broil</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Broiled</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Broiling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>broilen</ets>, OF. <ets>bruillir</ets>, fr. <ets>bruir</ets>

to broil, burn; of Ger. origin; cf. MHG. <ets>br\'81ejen</ets>,

G. <ets>br\'81hen</ets>, to scald, akin to E.

<ets>brood</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cook by direct

exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over

coals.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To subject to great (commonly direct)

heat.</def>



<hw>Broil</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be subjected to the

action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or

to be made uncomfortable with heat.</def>



<q>The planets and comets had been <qex>broiling</qex> in the

sun.</q>

<qau>Cheyne.</qau>



<hw>Broil"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy

quarrels.</def>



<q>What doth he but turn <qex>broiler</qex>, . . . make new

libels against the church?</q>

<qau>Hammond.</qau>



<hw>Broil"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who broils,

or cooks by broiling.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gridiron or other utensil used in

broiling.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A chicken or other bird fit for broiling.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Broil"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Excessively hot; <as>as, a

<ex>broiling</ex> sun</as>.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> 

<def>The act of causing anything to broil.</def></def2>



<hw>Bro"kage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Brokerage</er>.</def>



<hw>Broke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Broker</er>, and cf. <er>Brook</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To transact business for another.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Brome.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To act as procurer in love matters; to

pimp.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>We do want a certain necessary woman to <qex>broke</qex>

between them, Cupid said.</q>

<qau>Fanshawe.</qau>



<q>And <qex>brokes</qex> with all that can in such a suit

Corrupt the tender honor of a maid.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<-- p. 184 -->



<hw>Broke</hw> <pr>(br<omac/k)</pr>, <def><pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

of <er>Break</er>.</def>



<hw>Bro"ken</hw> <pr>(br<omac/"k'n)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[From <er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into

fragments; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> chain or rope; a

<ex>broken</ex> dish.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough;

uneven; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> surface</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered;

strained; apart; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> reed; <ex>broken</ex>

friendship.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or

hardships.</def>



<q>The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind

was <qex>broken</qex>.</q>

<qau>G. Eliot.</qau>



<q>The <qex>broken</qex> soldier, kindly bade to stay,

Sat by his fire, and talked the night away.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Subdued; humbled; contrite.</def>



<q>The sacrifices of God are a <qex>broken</qex> spirit.</q>

<qau>Ps. li. 17.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys

hope; blighted.</def> \'bdHer <xex>broken</xex> love and

life.\'b8



<au>G. Eliot.</au>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>Not carried into effect; not adhered to;

violated; <as>as, a <ex>broken</ex> promise, vow, or contract; a

<ex>broken</ex> law.</as></def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming

promises made, or of paying debts incurred; <as>as, a

<ex>broken</ex> bank; a <ex>broken</ex> tradesman.</as></def>



<sn>10.</sn> <def>Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; <as>as,

<ex>broken</ex> English</as>; imperfectly spoken on account of

emotion; <as>as, to say a few <ex>broken</ex> words at

parting</as>.</def>



<q>Amidst the <qex>broken</qex> words and loud weeping of those

grave senators.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<cs><col>Broken ground</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their

advance by <xex>broken ground<xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> Ground recently

opened with the plow.</cd> -- <col>Broken line</col>

<fld>(Geom.)</fld>, <cd>the straight lines which join a number of

given points taken in some specified order.</cd> -- <col>Broken

meat</col>, <cd>fragments of meat or other food.</cd> --

<col>Broken number</col>, <cd>a fraction.</cd> -- <col>Broken

weather</col>, <cd>unsettled weather.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bro"ken-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Having a broken back; <as>as, a <ex>broken-backed</ex>

chair</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>Hogged; so weakened in the

frame as to droop at each end; -- said of a ship.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Bro"ken-bel`lied</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a ruptured belly.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bro"ken-heart`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.</def>



<q>She left her husband almost <qex>broken-hearted</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Disconsolable; heart-broken; inconsolable;

comfortless; woe-begone; forlorn.</syn>



<hw>Bro"ken*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a broken,

interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken language.</def>



<q>The pagans worship God . . . as it were <qex>brokenly</qex>

and by piecemeal.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<hw>Bro"ken*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The state

or quality of being broken; unevenness.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Contrition; <as>as, <ex>brokenness</ex> of

heart</as>.</def>



<hw>Bro"ken wind`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>The

heaves.</def>



<hw>Bro"ken-wind`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Far.)</fld>

<def>Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a

horse.</def>



<hw>Bro"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brocour</ets>, from a word akin to <ets>broken</ets>,

<ets>bruken</ets>, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS.

<ets>br<?/can</ets> to use, enjoy; cf. Fries. <ets>broker</ets>,

F. <ets>brocanteur</ets>. See <er>Brook</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One who transacts business for

another; an agent.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>An agent employed to effect

bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between

other persons, for a compensation commonly called

<xex>brokerage</xex>. He takes no possession, as broker, of the

subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the

names of those who employ him, and not in his own.</def>



<au>Story.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange,

etc.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A dealer in secondhand goods.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A pimp or procurer.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Bill broker</col>, <cd>one who buys and sells notes and

bills of exchange.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Curbstone broker</col> or

<col>Street broker</col>, <cd>an operator in stocks (not a member

of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office

to office, or by transactions on the street.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Exchange broker</col>, <cd>one who

buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating

to money.</cd> -- <col>Insurance broker</col>, <cd>one who is

agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire.</cd> --

<col>Pawn broker</col>. <cd>See <er>Pawnbroker</er>.</cd> --

<col>Real estate broker</col>, <cd>one who buys and sells lands,

and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage.</cd> -- <col>Ship

broker</col>, <cd>one who acts as agent in buying and selling

ships, procuring freight, etc.</cd> -- <col>Stock broker</col>.

<cd>See <er>Stockbroker</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bro"ker*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The business or employment of a broker.</def>



<au>Burke.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed

for transacting business as a broker.</def>



<hw>Bro"ker*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Mean; servile.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bro"ker*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The business

of a broker.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting,

And tricks belonging unto <qex>brokery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Marlowe.</qau>



<hw>Bro"king</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Redeem from <qex>broking</qex> pawn the blemished crown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bro"ma</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., fr. Gr.

<?/ food, <?/ to eat.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Aliment; food.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or

the drink made from it.</def>



<hw>Bro"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Brom</ets>ine + <ets>al</ets>dehyde.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An oily, colorless fluid, CBr<?/.COH,

related to bromoform, as chloral is to chloroform, and obtained

by the action of bromine on alcohol.</def>



<hw>Bro"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A salt of bromic acid.</def>



<hw>Bro"mate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v.t.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>To combine or impregnate with bromine; <as>as,

<ex>bromated</ex> camphor</as>.</def>



<hw>Bro`ma*tol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in the science of foods.</def>



<hw>Bro`ma*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/, <?/, food + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>The science of

aliments.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>\'d8Brome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bromine</er>.</def>



<hw>Brome" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[L. <ets>bromos</ets> a

kind of oats, Gr. <?/.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus

<fld>(Bromus)</fld> of grasses, one species of which is the chess

or cheat.</def>



<hw>Bro*me`li*a"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Named after Olaf <ets>Bromel</ets>, a Swedish

botanist.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Pertaining to, or

resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or

saxicolous plants of which the genera <spn>Tillandsia</spn> and

<spn>Billbergia</spn> are examples. The pineapple, though

terrestrial, is also of this family.</def>



<hw>Bro"mic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; -- said of those

compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five,

or the next to its highest; <as>as, <ex>bromic</ex>

acid</as>.</def>



<hw>Bro"mide</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A compound of bromine with a positive radical.</def>



<hw>Bro"mi*nate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bromate</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos></def>



<hw>Bro"mine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ bad

smell, stink. Cf. <er>Brome</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to

chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8.  Symbol Br.  It is a

deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a

brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is

found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline

springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.</def>



<hw>Bro"mism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>A diseased condition produced by the excessive use of

bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental

dullness and muscular weakness.</def>



<hw>Bro"mize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<fld>(Photog.)</fld> <def>To prepare or treat with bromine;

<as>as, to <ex>bromize</ex> a silvered plate</as>.</def>



<hw>Brom"life</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>Bromley</ets> Hill, near Alston, Cumberland, England.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A carbonate of baryta and lime,

intermediate between witherite and strontianite; -- called also

<altname>alstonite</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bro"mo*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Brom</ets>ine + <ets>form</ets>yl.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A colorless liquid,

<chform>CHBr3</chform>, having an agreeable odor and sweetish

taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and

caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by

certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as

chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is

somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects.</def>



<au>Watts.</au>



<hw>Brom*pi"crin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>brompikrin</ets>; <ets>brom</ets> bromine +

<ets>pikrin</ets>s\'84ure picric acid.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A pungent colorless explosive liquid,

<chform>CNO2Br3</chform>, analogous to and resembling

chlorpicrin.</def> <altsp>[Spelt also

<asp>brompikrin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Brom"u*ret</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bromide</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brom"y*rite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bromine</ets> + Gr. <?/ silver.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Silver bromide, a rare mineral; -- called

also <altname>bromargyrite</altname>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron"chi</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bronchus</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron"chi*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos> <ety>[L.

, <ets>pl</ets>. Cf. <er>Bronchus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the

trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi.</def>



<au>Dunglison.</au>



<hw>Bron"chi*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bronchial</ets>. See <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Belonging to the bronchi and their

ramifications in the lungs.</def>



<cs><col>Bronchial arteries</col>, <cd>branches of the descending

aorta, accompanying the bronchia in all their ramifications.</cd>

-- <col>Bronchial cells</col>, <cd>the air cells terminating the

bronchia.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial glands</col>, <cd>glands whose

functions are unknown, seated along the bronchia.</cd> --

<col>Bronchial membrane</col>, <cd>the mucous membrane lining the

bronchia.</cd> -- <col>Bronchial tube</col>, <cd>the bronchi, or

the bronchia.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bron"chic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Bronchial.</def>



<hw>Bron"chi*ole</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A minute bronchial tube.</def>



<hw>Bron*chit"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to bronchitis; <as>as, <ex>bronchitic</ex>

inflammation</as>.</def>



<hw>Bron*chi"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bronchus</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the

bronchial tubes or any part of them.</def>



<hw>Bron"cho</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp.

<ets>bronco</ets> rough, wild.]</ety> <def>A native or a Mexican

horse of small size.</def> <mark>[Western U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bron"cho*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

<?/ windpipe + <?/ tumor.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Goiter</er>.</def>



<hw>Bron*choph"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.

<?/ windpipe + <?/ sound.]</ety> <def>A modification of the voice

sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; --

observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of

intro-thoracic disease.</def>



<hw>Bron`cho-pneu*mo"ni*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bronchus</ets> + <ets>pneumonia</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs;

catarrhal pneumonia.</def>



<hw>Bron"cho*tome</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

windpipe + <?/ to cut.]</ety> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An

instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes.</def>



<hw>Bron*chot"o*my</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>An incision into the windpipe or larynx,

including the operations of <xex>tracheotomy</xex> and

<xex>laryngotomy</xex>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron"chus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bronchi</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/

windpipe. Cf. <er>Bronchia</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one

of the two primary divisions.</def>



<hw>Bron"co</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Broncho</er>.</def>



<hw>Brond</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Brand</er>.]</ety> <def>A sword.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bron"to*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bron"to*lith</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/ +

<ets>-lite</ets>, <ets>-lith</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

a\'89rolite.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bron*tol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

thunder + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>A treatise upon

thunder.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron`to*sau"rus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ lizard.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs.

A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these

reptiles.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron`to*the"ri*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ beast.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>A genus of large extinct mammals from

the miocene strata of western North America. They were allied to

the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores

in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See

<xex>Illustration</xex> in Appendix.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bron`to*zo"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. Gr. <?/ thunder + <?/ animal.]</ety> <fld>(Paleon.)</fld>

<def>An extinct animal of large size, known from its three-toed

footprints in Mesozoic sandstone.</def>



<note><hand/ The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen

inches in length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds;

but the discovery of large bipedal three-toed dinosaurs has

suggested that they were made by those reptiles.</note>



<hw>Bronze</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bronze</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bronzo</ets> brown, fr. OHG.

<ets>br<?/n</ets>, G. <ets>braun</ets>. See <er>Brown</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An alloy of copper and tin,

to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are

sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for

statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients

being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties

containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell

metal and speculum metal.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze.</def>



<q>A print, a <qex>bronze</qex>, a flower, a root.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of

bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Boldness; impudence; \'bdbrass.\'b8</def>



<q>Imbrowned with native <qex>bronze</qex>, lo! Henley

stands.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<cs><col>Aluminium bronze</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Aluminium</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bronze age</col>, <cd>an age of

the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by

the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze.</cd> --

<col>Bronze powder</col>, <cd>a metallic powder, used with size

or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of

bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Phosphor bronze</col> <and/ <col>Silicious</col> <or/

<col>Silicium bronze</col></mcol> <cd>are made by adding

phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are

characterized by great tenacity.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bronze</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bronzed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bronzing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bronzer</ets>. See <er>Bronze</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating

of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of

bronze; <as>as, to <ex>bronze</ex> plaster casts; to

<ex>bronze</ex> coins or medals.</as></def>



<q>The tall <qex>bronzed</qex> black-eyed stranger.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.</def>



<q>The lawer who <qex>bronzes</qex> his bosom instead of his

forehead.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<cs><col>Bronzed skin disease</col>. <cd><fld>(Pathol.)</fld> See

<er>Addison's disease</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bronze"wing`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An Australian pigeon of the genus

<spn>Phaps</spn>, of several species; -- so called from its

bronze plumage.</def>



<hw>Bronz"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A metal so

prepared as to have the appearance of bronze.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def> Made of bronzine; resembling bronze;

bronzelike.</def></def2>



<hw>Bronz"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or art

of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc.,

the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative

painting, or by chemical processes.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A material for bronzing.</def>



<hw>Bronz"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who makes, imitates,

collects, or deals in, bronzes.</def>



<hw>Bronz"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bronzite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A variety of

enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of

magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family.</def>



<hw>Bronz"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like

bronze.</def>



<hw>Brooch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Broach</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for

attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a

breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat.</def>



<q>Honor 's a good <qex>brooch</qex> to wear in a man's hat.</q>

<qau>B. Jonson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Paint.)</fld> <def>A painting all of one color,

as a sepia painting, or an India painting.</def>



<hw>Brooch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos>

<er>Brooched</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</ety> <def>To adorn as with a

brooch.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Brood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brod</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3d</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>broed</ets>, OHG. <ets>bruot</ets>, G. <ets>brut</ets>, and

also to G. <ets>br\'81he</ets> broth, MHG. <ets>br\'81eje</ets>,

and perh. to E. <ets>brawn</ets>, <ets>breath</ets>. Cf.

<er>Breed</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; <as>as, a

<ex>brood</ex> of chicken</as>.</def>



<q>As a hen doth gather her <qex>brood</qex> under her wings.</q>

<qau>Luke xiii. 34.</qau>



<q>A hen followed by a <qex>brood</qex> of ducks.</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The young from the same dam, whether produced at

the same time or not; young children of the same mother,

especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; <as>as,

a woman with a <ex>brood</ex> of children</as>.</def>



<q>The lion roars and gluts his tawny <qex>brood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is bred or produced; breed;

species.</def>



<q>Flocks of the airy <qex>brood</qex>,

(Cranes, geese or long-necked swans).</q>

<qau>Chapman.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Heavy waste in tin and

copper ores.</def>



<cs><col>To sit on brood</col>, <cd>to ponder.

<mark>[Poetic]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brood</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Sitting or

inclined to sit on eggs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Kept for breeding from; <as>as, a <ex>brood</ex>

mare; <xex>brood</xex> stock</as>; having young; <as>as, a

<ex>brood</ex> sow</as>.</def>



<hw>Brood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brooded</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brooding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sit on and

cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and

hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her

chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit

quietly, as if brooding.</def>



<q>Birds of calm sir <qex>brooding</qex> on the charmed wave.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily

on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of

gloomy, serious thought; -- usually followed by <xex>over</xex>

or <xex>on</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>brood</ex> over

misfortunes</as>.</def>



<q><qex>Brooding</qex> on unprofitable gold.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>Brooding</qex> over all these matters, the mother felt

like one who has evoked a spirit.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<q>When with downcast eyes we muse and <qex>brood</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<-- p. 185 -->



<hw>Brood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

sit over, cover, and cherish; <as>as, a hen <ex>broods</ex> her

chickens</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To cherish with care.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To think anxiously or moodily upon.</def>



<q>You'll sit and <qex>brood</qex> your sorrows on a throne.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Brood"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Inclined to

brood.</def>



<au>Ray.</au>



<hw>Brook</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brok</ets>, <ets>broke</ets>, <ets>brook</ets>, AS.

<ets>br\'d3c</ets>; akin to D. <ets>broek</ets>, LG.

<ets>br\'d3k</ets>, marshy ground, OHG. <ets>pruoh</ets>, G.

<ets>bruch</ets> marsh; prob. fr. the root of E.

<ets>break</ets>, so as that it signifies water breaking through

the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See

<er>Break</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <def>A natural stream of

water smaller than a river or creek.</def>



<q>The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of

<qex>brooks</qex> of water.</q>

<qau>Deut. viii. 7.</qau>



<q>Empires itself, as doth an inland <qex>brook</qex>

Into the main of waters.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Brook</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brooked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brooking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>broken</ets>, <ets>bruken</ets>, to use, enjoy, digest, AS.

<ets>br<?/can</ets>; akin to D. <ets>gebruiken</ets> to use, OHG.

<ets>pr<?/hhan</ets>, G. <ets>brauchen</ets>,

<ets>gebrauchen</ets>, Icel. <ets>br<?/ka</ets>, Goth.

<ets>br<?/kjan</ets>, and L. <ets>frui</ets>, to enjoy. Cf.

<er>Fruit</er>, <er>Broker</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To use;

to enjoy.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate;

<as>as, young men can not <ex>brook</ex> restraint</as>.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Shall we, who could not <qex>brook</qex> one lord,

Crouch to the wicked ten?</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To deserve; to earn.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir J. Hawkins.</au>



<hw>Brook"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named from

the English mineralogist, H.J.<ets>Brooke</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and

hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but

crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.</def>



<hw>Brook"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A small

brook.</def>



<hw>Brook"lime`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Veronica Beccabunga</spn>),

with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American

species is <spn>V. Americana</spn>.</def> <altsp>[Formerly

written <xex>broklempe</xex> or <xex>broklympe</xex>.]</altsp>



<hw>Brook" mint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Water mint</er>.</def>



<hw>Brook"side`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The bank of

a brook.</def>



<hw>Brook"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small white-flowered herb (<spn>Samolus

Valerandi</spn>) found usually in wet places; water

pimpernel.</def>



<hw>Broom</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brom</ets>, <ets>brome</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3m</ets>; akin

to LG. <ets>bram</ets>, D. <ets>brem</ets>, OHG.

<ets>br\'bemo</ets> broom, thorn<?/bush, G. <ets>brombeere</ets>

blackberry. Cf. <er>Bramble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant having twigs suitable

for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the

<spn>Cytisus scoparius</spn> of Western Europe, which is a low

shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue

leaves, and large yellow flowers.</def>



<q>No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and <qex>broom</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly

made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or

attached to a long wooden handle; -- so called because originally

made of the twigs of the broom.</def>



<cs><col>Butcher's broom</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Ruscus

aculeatus</spn>) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for

brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called also <altname>knee

holly</altname>. See <er>Cladophyll</er>.</cd> -- <col>Dyer's

broom</col>, <cd>a species of mignonette (<spn>Reseda

luteola</spn>), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's

rocket.</cd> -- <col>Spanish broom</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Spanish</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Broom</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Bream</er>.</def>



<hw>Broom" corn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

variety of <spn>Sorghum vulgare</spn>, having a joined stem, like

maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its

seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are

made.</def>



<hw>Broom" rape`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus (<spn>Orobanche</spn>) of parasitic plants of Europe and

Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of

leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of

other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name

is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as

<spn>Aphyllon uniflorum</spn>and <spn>A.

Ludovicianum</spn>.</def>



<hw>Broom"staff`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

broomstick.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Broom"stick`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A stick

used as a handle of a broom.</def>



<hw>Broom"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling broom or

a broom.</def>



<q>If land grow mossy or <qex>broomy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Mortimer.</qau>



<hw>Brose</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[CF. Gael.

<ets>brothas</ets>. Cf. <er>Brewis</er>, <er>Broth</er>.]</ety>

<def>Pottage made by pouring some boiling liquid on meal (esp.

oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef <xex>brose</xex>,

water <xex>brose</xex>, etc., according to the name of the liquid

(beef broth, hot water, etc.) used.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Brot"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brittle.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brot"el*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brittleness.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Broth</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bro<?/</ets>; akin to OHG. <ets>brod</ets>, <ets>brot</ets>;

cf. Ir. <ets>broth</ets>, Gael. <ets>brot</ets>. \'fb93. Cf.

<er>Brewis</er>, <er>Brew</er>.]</ety> <def>Liquid in which flesh

(and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been

boiled; thin or simple soup.</def>



<q>I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love

<qex>broth</qex> better than soup.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Broth"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brothel</ets>, <ets>brodel</ets>, <ets>brethel</ets>, a

prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. <ets>ber\'a2<?/an</ets>

to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. <ets>bre\'a2tan</ets> to break, and E.

<ets>brittle</ets>. The term <ets>brothel house</ets> was

confused with <ets>bordel</ets> brothel. CF.

<er>Bordel</er>.]</ety> <def>A house of lewdness or ill fame; a

house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse.</def>



<hw>Broth"el*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

frequents brothels.</def>



<hw>Broth"el*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Lewdness;

obscenity; a brothel.</def>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Broth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brothers</plw> <pr>(#)</pr> or <plw>Brethren</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>. See <er>Brethren</plw>.</er> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brother</ets>, AS. <ets>br\'d3<?/or</ets>; akin to OS.

<ets>brothar</ets>, D. <ets>broeder</ets>, OHG.

<ets>pruodar</ets>, G. <ets>bruder</ets>, Icel.

<ets>br\'d3<?/ir</ets>, Sw. & Dan. <ets>broder</ets>, Goth.

<ets>br\'d3<?/ar</ets>, Ir. <ets>brathair</ets>, W.

<ets>brawd</ets>, pl. <ets>brodyr</ets>, Lith. <ets>brolis</ets>,

Lett. <ets>brahlis</ets>, Russ. <ets>brat'</ets>, Pol. & Serv.

<ets>brat</ets>, OSlav. <ets>brat<?/</ets>, L. <ets>frater</ets>,

Skr. <ets>bhr\'bet<?/</ets>, Zend. <ets>bratar</ets> brother, Gr.

<?/, <?/, a clansman. The common plural is <er>Brothers</er>; in

the solemn style, <er>Brethren</er>, OE. pl. <ets>brether</ets>,

<ets>bretheren</ets>, AS. dat. sing. <ets>br\'c7<?/er</ets>, nom.

pl. <ets>br\'d3<?/or</ets>, <ets>br\'d3<?/ru</ets>. <root/258.

Cf. <er>Frair</er>, <er>Fraternal</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

male person who has the same father and mother with another

person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is

more definitely called a <xex>half brother</xex>, or <xex>brother

of the half blood</xex>.</def>



<q>Two of us in the churchyard lie,

My sister and my <qex>brother</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One related or closely united to another by some

common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a

society, toil, suffering, etc.; -- used among judges, clergymen,

monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc.</def>

\'bdA <xex>brother</xex> of your order.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>We few, we happy few, we band of <qex>brothers</qex>,

For he to-day that sheds his blood with me

Shall be my <qex>brother</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, resembles another in

distinctive qualities or traits of character.</def>



<q>He also that is slothful in his work is <qex>brother</qex> to

him that is a great waster.</q>

<qau>Prov. xviii. 9.</qau>



<q>That April morn

Of this the very <qex>brother</qex>.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<note><hand/ In Scripture, the term <xex>brother</xex> is applied

to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents,

as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more

general sense, <xex>brother</xex> or <xex>brethren</xex> is used

for <xex>fellow-man</xex> or <xex>fellow-men</xex>.</note>



<q>For of whom such massacre

Make they but of their <qex>brethren</qex>, men of men?</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Brother Jonathan</col>, <cd>a humorous designation for

the people of the United States collectively.  The phrase is said

to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic

Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as \'bdBrother

Jonathan.\'b8</cd> -- <col>Blood brother</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Blood</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Broth"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brothered</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To make a brother of; to call or

treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Broth"er ger"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>A

brother by both the father's and mother's side, in

contradistinction to a <xex>uterine brother</xex>, one by the

mother only.</def>



<au>Bouvier.</au>



<hw>Broth"er*hood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Brother</ets> + <ets>-hood</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The state of being brothers or a brother.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An association for any purpose, as a society of

monks; a fraternity.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The whole body of persons engaged in the same

business, -- especially those of the same profession; <as>as, the

legal or medical <ex>brotherhood</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like

kind.</def>



<q>A <qex>brotherhood</qex> of venerable trees.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.</syn>



<hw>Broth"er-in-law`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brothers-in</plw><plw>-law</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu>

<def>The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of

one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's

sister.</def>



<hw>Broth"er*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

state or quality of being brotherly.</def>



<hw>Broth"er*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming

to brothers; kind; affectionate; <as>as, <ex>brotherly</ex>

love</as>.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.</syn>



<hw>Broth"er*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Like a brother;

affectionately; kindly.</def> \'bdI speak but

<xex>brotherly</xex> of him.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Broud"ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <def>Braided;

broidered.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Alle his clothes <qex>brouded</qex> up and down.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Brough"am</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A light,

close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore

wheels so arranged as to turn short.</def>



<hw>Brow</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>browe</ets>, <ets>bruwe</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/</ets>; akin to

AS. <ets>br<?/w</ets>, <ets>bre\'a0w</ets>, eyelid, OFries.

<ets>br\'c7</ets>, D. <ets>braauw</ets>, Icel. <ets>br\'be</ets>,

<ets>br<?/n</ets>, OHG. <ets>pr\'bewa</ets>, G. <ets>braue</ets>,

OSlav. <ets>br<?/v<?/</ets>, Russ. <ets>brove</ets>, Ir.

<ets>brai</ets>, Ir. & Gael. <ets>abhra</ets>, Armor.

<ets>abrant</ets>, Gr. <?/, Skr. <ets>bhr<?/</ets>. Cf.

<er>Bray</er> a bank, <er>Bridge</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers

it, forming an arch above the orbit.</def>



<q>And his arched <qex>brow</qex>, pulled o'er his eyes,

With solemn proof proclaims him wise.</q>

<qau>Churchill.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the

eyes); the eyebrow.</def>



<q>'T is not your inky <qex>brows</qex>, your brack silk

hair.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The forehead; <as>as, a feverish

<ex>brow</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Beads of sweat have stood upon thy <qex>brow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The general air of the countenance.</def>



<q>To whom thus Satan with contemptuous <qex>brow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>He told them with a masterly <qex>brow</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep

place; <as>as, the <ex>brow</ex> of a precipice; the

<ex>brow</ex> of a hill.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>To bend the brow</col>, <col>To knit the

brows</col></mcol>, <cd>to frown; to scowl.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brow</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bound to limit; to be at,

or form, the edge of.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts

That <qex>brow</qex> this bottom glade.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Brow"beat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp.</pos> <er>Browbeat</er>; <pos>p. p.</pos>

<er>Browbeaten</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Browbeating</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To depress or bear down

with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic

assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words

or looks; to bully; <as>as, to <ex>browbeat</ex>

witnesses</as>.</def>



<q>My grandfather was not a man to be <qex>browbeaten</qex>.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Brow"beat`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of bearing

down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious

manners, or confident assertions.</def>



<q>The imperious <qex>browbeating</qex> and scorn of great

men.</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>Brow"bound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Crowned;

having the head encircled as with a diadem.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Browd"yng</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Embroidery.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Of goldsmithrye, of <qex>browdying</qex>, and of steel.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Browed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having (such) a

brow; -- used in composition; <as>as, dark-<ex>browed</ex>,

stern-<ex>browed</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Brow"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Without

shame.</def>



<au>L. Addison.</au>



<hw>Brown</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>Compar.</pos> <er>Browner</er> <pr>(?)</pr>;

<pos>superl.</pos> <er>Brownest</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brun</ets>, <ets>broun</ets>, AS. <ets>br<?/n</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>bruin</ets>, OHG. <ets>br<?/n</ets>, Icel.

<ets>br<?/nn</ets>, Sw. <ets>brun</ets>, Dan. <ets>bruun</ets>,

G. <ets>braun</ets>, Lith. <ets>brunas</ets>, Skr.

<ets>babhru</ets>. \'fb93, 253.  Cf. <er>Bruin</er>,

<er>Beaver</er>, <er>Burnish</er>, <er>Brunette</er>.]</ety>

<def>Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or

yellow.</def>



<q>Cheeks <qex>brown</qex> as the oak leaves.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<cs><col>Brown Bess</col>, <cd>the old regulation flintlock

smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the

British army.</cd> -- <col>Brown bread</col> <sd>(a)</sd>

<cd>Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour,

sometimes called in the United States <xex>Graham

bread</xex></cd>. \'bdHe would mouth with a beggar though she

smelt <xex>brown bread</xex> and garlic.\'b8 <au>Shak</au>.

<sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian

meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread.</cd>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark> -- <col>Brown coal</col>, <cd>wood coal. See

<er>Lignite</er>.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Brown hematite</col> or

<col>Brown iron ore</col></mcol> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>the

hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See

<er>Limonite</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown holland</col>. <cd>See

under <er>Holland</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown paper</col>, <cd>dark

colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached

materials.</cd> -- <col>Brown spar</col> <fld>(Min.)</fld>, <cd>a

ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with

ankerite.</cd> -- <col>Brown stone</col>. <cd>See

<er>Brownstone</er>.</cd> -- <col>Brown stout</col>, <cd>a strong

kind of proter or malt liquor.</cd> -- <col>Brown study</col>,

<cd>a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie.</cd></cs>



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<hw>Brown</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dark color inclining to red

or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of

red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.</def>



<hw>Brown</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Browned</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Browning</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To make

brown or dusky.</def>



<q>A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,<

qex>Browns</qex> the dim void and darkens deep the groves.</q>

<qau>Barlow.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make brown by scorching slightly; <as>as, to

<ex>brown</ex> meat or flour</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To give a bright brown color to, as to gun

barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface.</def>



<au>Ure.</au>



<hw>Brown</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become brown.</def>



<hw>Brown"back`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The dowitcher or red-breasted snipe.

See <er>Dowitcher</er>.</def>



<hw>Brown" bill`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[<ets>Brown</ets> +

<ets>bill</ets> cutting tool.]</ety> <def>A bill or halberd of

the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th <er>Bill</er>.</def>



<q>Many time, but for a sallet, my brainpan had been cleft with a

<qex>brown bill</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ The <xex>black</xex>, or as it is sometimes called,

the <xex>brown bill</xex>, was a kind of halberd, the cutting

part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which

projected a spike, and another from the head.</note>



<au>Grose.</au>



<hw>Brown"i*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to Dr. Robert <xex>Brown</xex>, who first demonstrated (about

1827) the commonness of the motion described below.</def>



<cs><col>Brownian movement</col>, <cd>the peculiar, rapid,

vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of

substances when suspended in water or other fluids.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brown"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from its supposed <ets>tawny</ets> or <ets>swarthy</ets>

color.]</ety> <def>An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was

supposed often to perform important services around the house by

night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Brown"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>A smooth coat of brown

mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the

finishing coat of plaster.</def>



<hw>Brown"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Somewhat brown.</def>



<hw>Brown"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl.

Hist.)</fld> <def>The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the

Brownists.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Brown"ism</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The

doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See

<er>Brunonian</er>.</def>



<hw>Brown"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A

follower of Robert <xex>Brown</xex>, of England, in the 16th

century, who taught that every church is complete and independent

in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one

place, having full power to elect and depose its officers.</def>



<hw>Brown"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>One who

advocates the Brunonian system of medicine.</def>



<hw>Brown"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The quality or state of

being brown.</def>



<q>Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair);

Only in <qex>brownness</qex> beauty dwelleth there.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<hw>Brown"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A dark

variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.</def>



<hw>Brown" thrush"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A common American singing bird (<spn>Harporhynchus

rufus</spn>), allied to the mocking bird; -- also called

<xex>brown thrasher</xex>.</def>



<hw>Brown"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A species of figwort or

<spn>Scrophularia</spn> (<spn>S. vernalis</spn>), and other

species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous

coarse flowers.</def>



<hw>Brown"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Brown or,

somewhat brown.</def> \'bd<xex>Browny</xex> locks.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brow"post`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A beam that goes across a building.</def>



<hw>Browse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>brost</ets>, <ets>broust</ets>, sprout, shoot, F.

<ets>brout</ets> browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG.

<ets>burst</ets>, G. <ets>borste</ets>, bristle; cf. also Armor.

<ets>brousta</ets> to browse. See <er>Bristle</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Brush</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The

tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of

cattle and other animals; green food.</def>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<q>Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed,

On <qex>browse</qex>, and corn, and flowery meadows feed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Browse</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Browsed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Browsing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[For

<ets>broust</ets>, OF. <ets>brouster</ets>, <ets>bruster</ets>,

F. <ets>brouter</ets>. See <er>Browse</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and

cf. <er>Brut</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To eat or nibble off,

as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; -- said of cattle,

sheep, deer, and some other animals.</def>



<q>Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets,

The barks of trees thou <qex>browsedst</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to

graze.</def>



<q>Fields . . . <qex>browsed</qex> by deep-uddered kine.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<-- p. 186 -->



<hw>Browse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees,

as do cattle, sheep, and deer.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To pasture; to feed; to nibble.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Brows"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An animal that

browses.</def>



<hw>Browse"wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Srubs and

bushes upon which animals browse.</def>



<hw>Brows"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Browse; also, a place

abounding with shrubs where animals may browse.</def>



<q><qex>Browsings</qex> for the deer.</q>

<qau>Howell.</qau>



<hw>Brow"spot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A rounded organ between the eyes of

the frog; the interocular gland.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bru*ang"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Malayan sun

bear.</def>



<hw>Bru"cine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>brucine</ets>, fr. James <ets>Bruce</ets>, a Scottish

traveler.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A poweful vegetable

alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of

different species of <spn>Strychnos</spn>, especially in the

<spn>Nux vomica</spn>. It is less powerful than strychnine.

Called also <altname>brucia</altname> and

<altname>brucina</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bru"cite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Named after

Dr. A.<ets>Bruce</ets> of New York.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and

foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium

hydrate.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The mineral chondrodite.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bruck"eled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wet and

dirty; begrimed.</def> <mark>[Obs. or Dial.]</mark>



<au>Herrick.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bruh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <ety>[Native name.]</ety> <def>The rhesus

monkey. See <er>Rhesus</er>.</def>



<hw>Bru"in</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>bruin</ets> brown. In the epic poem of \'bdReynard the

Fox\'b8 the bear is so called from his color. See <er>Brown</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>A bear; -- so called in popular tales

and fables.</def>



<hw>Bruise</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bruised</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bruising</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brusen</ets>,

<ets>brisen</ets>, <ets>brosen</ets>, <ets>bresen</ets>, AS.

<ets>br<?/san</ets> or fr. OF. <ets>bruiser</ets>,

<ets>bruisier</ets>, <ets>bruser</ets>, to break, shiver, perh.

from OHG. <ets>brochis\'d3n</ets>. Cf. <er>Break</er>, <pos>v.

t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To injure, as by a blow or

collision, without laceration; to contuse; <as>as, to

<ex>bruise</ex> one's finger with a hammer; to <ex>bruise</ex>

the bark of a tree with a stone; to <ex>bruise</ex> an apple by

letting it fall.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals,

roots, etc.; to crush.</def>



<q>Nor <qex>bruise</qex> her flowerets with the armed hoofs.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.</syn>



<hw>Bruise</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To fight with the fists;

to box.</def>



<q><qex>Bruising</qex> was considered a fine, manly, old English

custom.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Bruise</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An injury to the flesh of

animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy

instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion;

<as>as, a <ex>bruise</ex> on the head; <ex>bruises</ex> on

fruit.</as></def>



<q>From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no

soundness in it; but wounds, and <qex>bruises</qex>.</q>

<qau>Isa. i. 6.</qau>



<hw>Bruis"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who, or that which, bruises.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A boxer; a pugilist.</def>



<au>R. Browning.</au>



<q>Like a new <qex>bruiser</qex> on Broughtonic aand,

Amid the lists our hero takes his stand.</q>

<qau>T. Warton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the

speculums of telescopes.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bruise"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A plant

supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and

the comfrey.</def>



<hw>Bruit</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bruit</ets>, <ets>brut</ets>, noise, bruit, F.

<ets>bruit</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>brugitus</ets>; cf. L.

<ets>rugire</ets> to roar; perh. influenced by the source of E.

<ets>bray</ets> to make a harsh noise, Armor. <ets>brud</ets>

bruit.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Report; rumor; fame.</def>



<q>The <qex>bruit</qex> thereof will bring you many friends.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <pr>[<xex>French pron</xex>. <?/.]</pr>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard

on auscultation.</def>



<hw>Bruit</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bruited</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bruiting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To report; to noise

abroad.</def>



<q>I find thou art no less than fame hath <qex>bruited</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Bru`maire"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., fr.

L. <ets>bruma</ets> winter.]</ety> <def>The second month of the

calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty

days after the autumnal equinox. See <er>Vendemiaire</er>.</def>



<hw>Bru"mal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>brumalis</ets>, fr. <ets>bruma</ets> winter: cf. F.

<ets>brumal</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of or pertaining to winter.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>brumal</xex> solstice.\'b8



<au>Sir T. Browne.</au>



<hw>Brume</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brume</ets> winter season, mist, L. <ets>bruma</ets>

winter.]</ety> <def>Mist; fog; vapors.</def> \'bdThe drifting

<xex>brume</xex>.\'b8



<au>Longfellow.</au>



<hw>Brum"ma*gem</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Birmingham</ets> (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., \'bdthe

great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry,\'b8

etc.]</ety> <def>Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham.</def>

<mark>[Slang]</mark> \'bdThese <xex>Brummagem</xex> gentry.\'b8



<au>Lady D. Hardy.</au>



<hw>Bru"mous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Foggy;

misty.</def>



<hw>Brun</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Broun</er> a brook.]</ety> <def>Same as <er>Brun</er>, a

brook.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Bru*nette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brunet</ets>, <ets>brunette</ets>, brownish, dim. of

<ets>brun</ets>, <ets>brune</ets>, brown, fr. OHG.

<ets>br<?/n</ets>. See <er>Brown</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<def>A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark

complexion.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Having a dark

tint.</def></def2>



<hw>Brun"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brugnon</ets> (cf. It. <ets>brugna</ets>,

<ets>prugna</ets>), fr. L. <ets>prunum</ets>. See <er>Prune</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A nectarine.</def>



<hw>Bru*no"ni*an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or invented by, <xex>Brown</xex>; -- a term applied to a

system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John

<xex>Brown</xex>, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which

was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal

action of external agents upon the body, and that disease

consists in excess or deficiency of excitation.</def>



<hw>Bruns"wick black`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Japan

black</er>.</def>



<hw>Bruns"wick green`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[G.

<ets>Braunschweiger gr\'81n</ets>, first made at Brunswick, in

Germany.]</ety> <def>An oxychloride of copper, used as a green

pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed.</def>



<hw>Brunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brunt</ets>, <ets>bront</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>bruna</ets> to

rush; cf. Icel. <ets>brenna</ets> to burn. Cf. <er>Burn</er>,

<pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The heat, or utmost

violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any

contention; <as>as, the <ex>brunt</ex> of a battle</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The force of a blow; shock; collision.</def>

\'bdAnd heavy <xex>brunt</xex> of cannon ball.\'b8



<au>Hudibras.</au>



<q>It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first

<qex>brunt</qex> with some real affair of common life.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<hw>Brush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>brusche</ets>, OF. <ets>broche</ets>, <ets>broce</ets>,

<ets>brosse</ets>, brushwood, F. <ets>brosse</ets> brush, LL.

<ets>brustia</ets>, <ets>bruscia</ets>, fr. OHG.

<ets>brusta</ets>, <ets>brust</ets>, bristle, G.

<ets>borste</ets> bristle, <ets>b\'81rste</ets> brush. See

<er>Bristle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf. <er>Browse</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An instrument composed of bristles, or other

like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood,

bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing

dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. <xex>Brushes</xex> have

different shapes and names according to their use; <as>as,

clothes <ex>brush</ex>, paint <ex>brush</ex>, tooth

<ex>brush</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The bushy tail of a fox.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tuft of hair on the

mandibles.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs

and small trees in a wood; underbrush.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Elec.)</fld> <def>A bundle of flexible wires or

thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical current to or

from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar

apparatus.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The act of brushing; <as>as, to give one's

clothes a <ex>brush</ex></as>; a rubbing or grazing with a quick

motion; a light touch; <as>as, we got a <ex>brush</ex> from the

wheel as it passed</as>.</def>



<q>[As leaves] have with one winter's <qex>brush</qex>

Fell from their boughts.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or

collision; <as>as, to have a <ex>brush</ex> with an

enemy</as>.</def>



<q>Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong,

And tempt not yet the <qex>brushes</qex> of the war.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A short contest, or trial, of speed.</def>



<q>Let us enjoy a <qex>brush</qex> across the country.</q>

<qau>Cornhill Mag.</qau>



<cs><col>Electrical brush</col>, <cd>a form of the electric

discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous

rays diverging from an electrified body.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Brushed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Brushing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bruschen</ets>; cf. F. <ets>brosser</ets>. See

<er>Brush</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To apply a

brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean,

paint, etc., with a brush.</def> \'bdA' <xex>brushes</xex> his

hat o' mornings.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as

with a brush.</def>



<q>Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep

The waters smooth, and <qex>brush</qex> the buxom wave.</q>

<qau>Fairfax.</qau>



<q><qex>Brushed</qex> with the kiss of rustling wings.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act

like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; --

commonly with <xex>off</xex>.</def>



<q>As wicked dew as e'er my mother <qex>brushed</qex>

With raven's feather from unwholesome fen.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>And from the boughts <qex>brush</qex> off the evil dew.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>To brush aside</col>, <cd>to remove from one's way, as

with a brush.</cd> -- <col>To brush away</col>, <cd>to remove, as

with a brush or brushing motion.</cd> -- <col>To brush up</col>,

<cd>to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or

improve; to renew.</cd></cs>



<q>You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done

my best to <qex>brush</qex> you <qex>up</qex> like your

neighbors.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>Brush</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To move nimbly in haste; to

move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; <as>as, to

<ex>brush</ex> by</as>.</def>



<q>Snatching his hat, he <qex>brushed</qex> off like the

wind.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Brush"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, brushes.</def>



<hw>Brush"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition;

shagginess.</def>



<au>Dr. H. More.</au>



<hw>Brush"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Constructed or

used to brush with; as a <xex>brushing</xex> machine.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Brisk; light; <as>as, a <ex>brushing</ex>

gallop</as>.</def>



<hw>Brush"ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From George

J.<ets>Brush</ets>, an American mineralogist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>A white or gray crystalline mineral

consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.</def>



<hw>Brush" tur`key</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia

(<spn>Talegalla Lathami</spn>) of the family

<spn>Megapodid\'91</spn>. Also applied to several allied species

of New Guinea.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>brush turkeys</xex> live in the

\'bdbrush,\'b8 and construct a common nest by collecting a large

heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat

sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel)

deposited in it by the females of the flock.</note>



<hw>Brush" wheel`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wheel

without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of

bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the

circumference.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A circular revolving brush used by turners,

lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.</def>



<hw>Brush"wood</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Small branches of trees cut off.</def>



<hw>Brush"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Resembling a brush; shaggy;

rough.</def>



<hw>Brusk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Brusque</er>.</def>



<hw>Brusque</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brusque</ets>, from It. <ets>brusco</ets> brusque, tart,

sour, perh. fr. L. (<ets>vitis</ets>) <ets>labrusca</ets> wild

(vine); or cf. OHG. <ets>bruttisc</ets> grim, fr.

<ets>brutti</ets> terror.]</ety> <def>Rough and prompt in manner;

blunt; abrupt; hluff; <as>as, a <ex>brusque</ex> man; a

<ex>brusque</ex> style.</as></def>



<hw>Brusque"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of being

brusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness.</def>



<au>Brit. Quar.</au>



<hw>Brus"sels</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A city of

Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace,

etc.</def>



<cs><col>Brussels carpet</col>, <cd>a kind of carpet made of

worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread.

The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up

in loops to form the pattern.</cd> -- <col>Brussels ground</col>,

<cd>a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It

is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the

threads.</cd> -- <col>Brussels lace</col>, <cd>an expensive kind

of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as,

<xex>Brussels<xex> point, <xex>Brussels<xex> ground,

<xex>Brussels<xex> wire ground.</cd> -- <col>Brussels net</col>,

<cd>an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery.</cd> --

<col>Brussels point</col>. <cd>See <er>Point lace</er>.</cd> --

<col>Brussels sprouts</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the

Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem,

numerous small green heads, or \'bdsprouts,\'b8 each a cabbage in

miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed

cabbage.</cd> -- <col>Brussels wire ground</col>, <cd>a ground

for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly

arched.</cd></cs>



<hw>Brus"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brustled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Brustling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>brustlien</ets> and

<ets>brastlien</ets>, AS. <ets>brastlian</ets>, fr.

<ets>berstan</ets> to burst, akin to G. <ets>prasseln</ets> to

crackle. See <er>Burst</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Gower.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make a show of fireceness or defiance; to

bristle.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<cs><col>To brustle up</col>, <cd>to bristle up.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Otway.</au>



<hw>Brus"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A bristle.</def>

<mark>[Obs. or Prov.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Brut</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brouter</ets>, OF. <ets>brouster</ets>. See <er>Browse</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>To browse.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Brut</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See

<er>Birt</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bru"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL., neuter

pl., fr. L. <ets>brutus</ets> heavy, stupid.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Edentata</er>.</def>



<hw>Bru"tal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>brutal</ets>. See <er>Brute</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Of or pertaining to a brute; <as>as,

<ex>brutal</ex> nature</as>.</def> \'bdAbove the rest of

<xex>brutal</xex> kind.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish;

unfeeling; merciless; gross; <as>as, <ex>brutal</ex>

manners</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Brutal</xex> intemperance.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Bru"tal*ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Brutish

quality; brutality.</def>



<hw>Bru*tal"i*ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Brutalities</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>brutalit\'82</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The quality of

being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An inhuman act.</def>



<q>The . . . <qex>brutalities</qex> exercised in war.</q>

<qau>Brougham.</qau>



<hw>Bru`tal*i*za"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.</def>



<hw>Bru"tal*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brutalized</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brutalizing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>brutaliser</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make brutal; beasty;

unfeeling; or inhuman.</def>



<hw>Bru"tal*ize</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To become brutal,

inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>He mixed . . . with his countrymen, <qex>brutalized</qex> with

them in their habits and manners.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Bru"tal*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a brutal manner;

cruelly.</def>



<hw>Brute</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>brut</ets>, nasc., <ets>brute</ets>, fem., raw, rough, rude,

brutish, L. <ets>brutus</ets> stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp.

<ets>bruto</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Not having sensation;

senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or

volition; <as>as, the <ex>brute</ex> earth; the <ex>brute</ex>

powers of nature.</as></def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking;

<as>as, a <ex>brute</ex> beast; the <ex>brute</ex>

creation.</as></def>



<q>A creature . . . not prone

And <qex>brute</qex> as other creatures, but endued

With sanctity of reason.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute

beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless;

<as>as, <ex>brute</ex> violence</as>.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>The influence of capital and mere <qex>brute</qex> labor.</q>

<qau>Playfair.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Having the physical powers predominating over

the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent.</def>



<q>A great <qex>brute</qex> farmer from Liddesdale.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Brute</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An animal

destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a

quadruped; a beast.</def>



<q><qex>Brutes</qex> may be considered as either a\'89ral,

terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious.</q>

<qau>Locke.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners;

as unfeeling or coarse person.</def>



<q>An ill-natured <qex>brute</qex> of a husband.</q>

<qau>Franklin.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Beast</er>.</syn>



<hw>Brute</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[For

<ets>bruit</ets>.]</ety> <def>To report; to bruit.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Brute"ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a rude or violent

manner.</def>



<hw>Brute"ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Brutality.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Insensibility.</def> \'bdThe

<xex>bruteness</xex> of nature.\'b8



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>Bru"ti*fy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Brutified</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Brutifying</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[<ets>Brute</ets> +

<ets>-fy</ets>: cf. F. <ets>brutifier</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make

like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to

brutalize.</def>



<q>Any man not quite <qex>brutified</qex> and void of sense.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Bru"tish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining to,

or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid

nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent.</def>



<q>O, let all provocation

Take every <qex>brutish</qex> shape it can devise.</q>

<qau>Leigh Hunt.</qau>



<q>Man may . . . render himself <qex>brutish</qex>, but it is in

vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the

brute.</q>

<qau>I. Taylor.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel;

brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual;

bestial.</syn>



--  <wordforms><wf>Bru"tish*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Bru"tish*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bru"tism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The nature or

characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme

stupidity, or beastly vulgarity.</def>



<hw>Bru"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Browsing.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Evelyn.</au>



<hw>Bry*o*log"i*cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Relating to bryology; <as>as, <ex>bryological</ex>

studies</as>.</def>



<hw>Bry*ol"o*gist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

versed in bryology.</def>



<hw>Bry*ol"o*gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

moss + <ets>-logy</ets>.]</ety> <def>That part of botany which

relates to mosses.</def>



<hw>Bry"o*nin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony

(<spn>Bryonia alba</spn> and <spn>B. dioica</spn>). It is a

white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and

cathartic.</def>



<-- p. 187 -->



<hw>Bry"o*ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bryonia</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to swell, esp. of

plants.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The common name of several

cucurbitaceous plants of the genus <spn>Bryonia</spn>. The root

of <spn>B. alba</spn> (<xex>rough</xex> or <xex>white

bryony</xex>) and of <spn>B. dioica</spn> is a strong, irritating

cathartic.</def>



<cs><col>Black bryony</col>, <cd>a plant (<spn>Tamus

communis</spn>) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black

root; black bindweed.</cd></cs>



<hw>\'d8Bry*oph"y*ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<def>See <er>Cryptogamia</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bry`o*zo"a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL., fr. Gr. <?/ moss + <?/ animal.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A class of Molluscoidea, including

minute animals which by budding form compound colonies; -- called

also <altname>Polyzoa</altname>.</def>



<note><hand/ They are often coralike in form and appearance, each

small cell containing an individual zooid. Other species grow in

delicate, flexible, branched forms, resembling moss, whence the

name. Some are found in fresh water, but most are marine. The

three principal divisions are

<stype><spn>Ectoprocta</spn></stype>,

<stype><spn>Entoprocta</spn></stype>, and

<stype><spn>Pterobranchia</spn></stype>. See <er>Cyclostoma</er>,

<er>Chilostoma</er>, and <er>Phylactolema</er>.</note>



<hw>Bry`o*zo"an</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa.</def>

-- <def2><pos>n.</pos>  <def>One of the Bryozoa.</def></def2>



<hw>\'d8Bry`o*zo"um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.

See <er>Bryozoa</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An

individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may be

two or more kinds in a single colony. The zo\'d2cia usually have

a wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed

stomach and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the

other zooids (<spn>Avicularia</spn>, <spn>O\'d2cia</spn>,

etc.).</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu`an*su"ah</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild dog of northern

India (<spn>Cuon prim\'91vus</spn>), supposed by some to be an

ancestral species of the domestic dog.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu"at</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot., of

uncertain origin.]</ety> <def>A lantern; also, the moon.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bub</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Strong malt

liquor.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Bub</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. 2d <er>Bubby</er>.]</ety>

<def>A young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address

of a small boy.</def>



<hw>Bub</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Abbrev. from

<er>Bubble</er>.]</ety> <def>To throw out in bubbles; to

bubble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sackville.</au>



<hw>Bu"ba*le</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. F.

<ets>bubale</ets>. See <er>Buffalo</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large antelope (<spn>Alcelaphus

bubalis</spn>) of Egypt and the Desert of Sahara, supposed by

some to be the fallow deer of the Bible.</def>



<hw>Bu"ba*line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling a buffalo.</def>



<cs><col>Bubaline antelope</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

bubale.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bub"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>bobbel</ets>, Dan. <ets>boble</ets>, Sw. <ets>bubbla</ets>.

Cf. <er>Blob</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thin

film of liquid inflated with air or gas; <as>as, a soap

<ex>bubble</ex>; <ex>bubbles</ex> on the surface of a

river.</as></def>



<q>Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow,

Like <qex>bubbles</qex> in a late disturbed stream.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid

body; <as>as, <ex>bubbles</ex> rising in champagne or a\'89rated

waters</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a

transparent solid; <as>as, <ex>bubbles</ex> in window glass, or

in a lens</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A small, hollow, floating bead or globe,

formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The globule of air in the spirit tube of a

level.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that

which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud;

a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation;

<as>as, the South Sea <ex>bubble</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Then a soldier . . . 

Seeking the <qex>bubble</qex> reputation

Even in the cannon's mouth.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A person deceived by an empty project; a

gull.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdGanny's a cheat, and I'm a

<xex>bubble</xex>.\'b8



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Bub"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bubbled</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bubbling</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf.

D. <ets>bobbelen</ets>, Dan. <ets>boble</ets>. See

<er>Bubble</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To rise in

bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain

bubbles.</def>



<q>The milk that <qex>bubbled</qex> in the pail.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming

bubbles; <as>as, a <ex>bubbling</ex> stream</as>.</def>



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound.</def>



<q>At mine ear

<qex>Bubbled</qex> the nightingale and heeded not.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bub"bler</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To cheat; to

deceive.</def>



<q>She has <qex>bubbled</qex> him out of his youth.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was

nevertheless <qex>bubbled</qex> here.</q>

<qau>Sterne.</qau>



<hw>Bub"bler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who cheats.</def>



<q>All the Jews, jobbers, <qex>bubblers</qex>, subscribers,

projectors, etc.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fish of the Ohio river;

-- so called from the noise it makes.</def>



<hw>Bub"ble shell`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A marine univalve shell of the genus <spn>Bulla</spn> and

allied genera, belonging to the Tectibranchiata.</def>



<hw>Bub"bling Jock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The male wild turkey, the gobbler; -- so called in allusion

to its notes.</def>



<hw>Bub"bly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

bubbles; bubbling.</def>



<au>Nash.</au>



<hw>Bub"by</hw> <pr>(b<ucr/b"b<ycr/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. Prov. G. <ets>b\'81bbi</ets>, or It. <ets>poppa</ets>,

Pr. <ets>popa</ets>, OF. <ets>poupe</ets>, a woman's

breast.]</ety> <def>A woman's breast.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Bub"by</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption of

<ets>brother</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bub; -- a term of familiar or

affectionate address to a small boy.</def>



<hw>Bu"bo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buboes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[LL. <ets>bubo</ets>

the groin, a swelling in the groin, Gr. <?/.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inflammation, with enlargement, of a

limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis.</def>



<hw>Bu*bon"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes.</def>



<hw>Bu*bon"o*cele</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

groin + <?/ tumor: cf. F. <ets>bubonoc\'8ale</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete

variety in which the hernial pouch descends only as far as the

groin, forming a swelling there like a bubo.</def>



<hw>Bu"bu*kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A red

pimple.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Buc"cal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bucca</ets> cheek: cf. F. <ets>buccal</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Of or pertaining to the mouth or

cheeks.</def>



<hw>Buc`ca*neer"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>boucanier</ets>, fr. <ets>boucaner</ets> to smoke or broil

meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins,

<ets>boucan</ets> a smoking place for meat or fish, gridiron for

smoking: a word of American origin.]</ety> <def>A robber upon the

sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical

adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in

the 17th and 18th centuries.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>bucanier</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish

after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the

French settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to

hunt wild cattle and swine.</note>



<hw>Buc`ca*neer"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act the part of a

buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber.</def>



<hw>Buc`ca*neer"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a buccaneer;

piratical.</def>



<hw>Buc"ci*nal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bucina</ets> a crooked horn or trumpet.]</ety> <def>Shaped

or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike.</def>



<hw>\'d8Buc`ci*na"tor</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.,

a trumpeter, fr. <ets>bucinare</ets> to sound the trumpet.]</ety>

<fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from

its use in blowing wind instruments.</def>



<hw>Buc"ci*noid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Buccinum</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Resembling the genus Buccinum, or

pertaining to the <spn>Buccinid\'91</spn>, a family of marine

univalve shells. See <er>Whelk</er>, and

<er>Prosobranchiata</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Buc"ci*num</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L., a

trumpet, a trumpet shell.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas. It

includes the common whelk (<spn>B. undatum</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bu*cen"taur</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/;

ox + <?/ centaur.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fabulous monster,

half ox, half man.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <ety>[It. <ets>bucentoro</ets>.]</ety> <def>The state

barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of espousing

the Adriatic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu"ce*ros</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr. <?/

horned like an ox; <?/ ox + <?/ horn.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of large perching birds; the

hornbills.</def>



<hw>Buch"ol*zite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called

from <ets>Bucholz</ets>, a German chemist.]</ety>

<fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>Same as <er>Fibrolite</er>.</def>



<hw>Bu"chu</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A South African shrub (<spn>Barosma</spn>) with small leaves

that are dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves,

which are used in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs,

etc. Several species furnish the leaves.</def>



<hw>Buck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to LG.

<ets>b\'81ke</ets>, Dan. <ets>byg</ets>, Sw. <ets>byk</ets>, G.

<ets>bauche</ets>: cf. It. <ets>bucato</ets>, Prov. Sp.

<ets>bugada</ets>, F. <ets>bu\'82e</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of

bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The cloth or clothes soaked or washed.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Buck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bucked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bucking</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bouken</ets>; akin

to LG. <ets>b\'81ken</ets>, Dan. <ets>byge</ets>, Sw.

<ets>byka</ets>, G. <ets>bauchen</ets>, <ets>beuchen</ets>; cf.

OF. <ets>buer</ets>. Cf. the preceding noun.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in

bleaching.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later

usage, by beating them on stones in running water.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To break up or pulverize, as

ores.</def>



<hw>Buck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>buk</ets>,

<ets>bucke</ets>, AS. <ets>bucca</ets>, <ets>bua</ets>, he-goat;

akin to D. <ets>bok</ets>, OHG. <ets>pocch</ets>, G.

<ets>bock</ets>, Ir. <ets>boc</ets>, W. <ets>bwch</ets>, Corn.

<ets>byk</ets>; cf. Zend <ets>b<?/za</ets>, Skr.

<ets>bukka</ets>. \'fb256. Cf. <er>Butcher</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The male of deer,

especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares,

and rabbits.</def>



<note><hand/ A male fallow deer is called a <xex>fawn</xex> in

his first year; a <xex>pricket</xex> in his second; a

<xex>sorel</xex> in his third; a <xex>sore</xex> in his fourth; a

<xex>buck of the first head</xex> in his fifth; and a <xex>great

buck</xex> in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed

a <xex>doe</xex>. The male of the red deer is termed a

<xex>stag</xex> or <xex>hart</xex> and not a <xex>buck</xex>, and

the female is called a <xex>hind</xex>.</note>



<au>Brande & C.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a

dandy.</def>



<q>The leading <qex>bucks</qex> of the day.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A male Indian or negro.</def> <mark>[Colloq.

U.S.]</mark>



<note><hand/ The word <xex>buck</xex> is much used in composition

for the names of antelopes; as, bush <xex>buck</xex>, spring

<xex>buck</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Blue buck</col>. <cd>See under <er>Blue</er>.</cd> --

<col>Water buck</col>, <cd>a South African variety of antelope

(<spn>Kobus ellipsiprymnus</spn>). See <xex>Illust<xex>. of

<er>Antelope</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

copulate, as bucks and does.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending

with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as

possible; -- said of a vicious horse or mule.</def>



<hw>Buck</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>

<def>To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying

the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and

putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the

knees.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To throw by bucking. See <er>Buck</er>, <xex>v.

i.</xex>, 2.</def>



<q>The brute that he was riding had nearly <qex>bucked</qex> him

out of the saddle.</q>

<qau>W. E. Norris.</qau>



<hw>Buck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A frame on which firewood is

sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck.</def>



<cs><col>Buck saw</col>, <cd>a saw set in a frame and used for

sawing wood on a sawhorse.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buck</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Beech</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>The beech tree.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>Buck mast</col>, <cd>the mast or fruit of the beech

tree.</cd></cs>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Buck"-bas`ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Buck</er>.]</ety> <def>A basket in which clothes are carried

to the wash.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Buck" bean`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant

(<spn>Menyanthes trifoliata</spn>) which grows in moist and boggy

places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely

bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; --

called also <altname>bog bean</altname>.</def>



<hw>Buck"board`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

four-wheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame

resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed

transversely upon it; -- called also <altname>buck

wagon</altname>.</def>



<hw>Buck"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>One who bucks ore.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A broad-headed hammer used in bucking ore.</def>



<hw>Buck"er</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A horse or mule that

bucks.</def>



<hw>Buck"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boket</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>buc</ets> pitcher, or Corn.

<ets>buket</ets> tub.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A vessel for

drawing up water from a well, or for catching, holding, or

carrying water, sap, or other liquids.</def>



<q>The old oaken <qex>bucket</qex>, the iron-bound

<qex>bucket</qex>,

The moss-covered <qex>bucket</qex>, which hung in the well.</q>

<qau>Wordsworth.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and

conveying coal, ore, grain, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mach.)</fld> <def>One of the receptacles on the

rim of a water wheel into which the water rushes, causing the

wheel to revolve; also, a float of a paddle wheel.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The valved piston of a lifting pump.</def>



<cs><col>Fire bucket</col>, <cd>a bucket for carrying water to

put out fires.</cd> -- <col>To kick the bucket</col>, <cd>to die.

<mark>[Low]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Buck"et shop`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>An office or a place

where facilities are given for betting small sums on current

prices of stocks, petroleum, etc.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Buck"et*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption

of <ets>buckwheat</ets>.]</ety> <def>Paste used by weavers to

dress their webs.</def>



<au>Buchanan.</au>



<hw>Buck"eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A name given to several American trees and

shrubs of the same genus (<spn>\'92sculus</spn>) as the horse

chestnut.</def>



<cs><mcol><col>The Ohio buckeye</col>, <or/ <col>Fetid

buckeye</col></mcol>, <cd>is <spn>\'92sculus glabra</spn>.</cd>

-- <col>Red buckeye</col> <cd>is <spn>\'92. Pavia</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Small buckeye</col> <cd>is <spn>\'92. paviflora</spn>.</cd>

-- <mcol><col>Sweet buckeye</col>, <or/ <col>Yellow

buckeye</col></mcol>, <cd>is <spn>\'92. flava</spn>.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A cant name for a native in Ohio.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Buckeye State</col>, <cd>Ohio; -- so called because

buckeye trees abound there.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buck"-eyed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having bad

or speckled eyes.</def> \'bdA <xex>buck-eyed</xex> horse.\'b8



<au>James White.</au>



<hw>Buck"hound`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hound for

hunting deer.</def>



<cs><col>Master of the buckhounds</col>, <cd>an officer in the

royal household.</cd> <mark>[Eng.]</mark></cs>



<hw>Buck"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large spiral marine shell, esp. the

common whelk. See <er>Buccinum</er>.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<cs><col>Deil's buckie</col>, <cd>a perverse, refractory

youngster.</cd> <mark>[Slang]</mark></cs>

<-- sic.  deil = devil. See deil. -->



<hw>Buck"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act or

process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the

operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A washing.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The process of breaking up or pulverizing

ores.</def>



<cs><col>Bucking iron</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a

broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores.</cd> --

<col>Bucking kier</col> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld>, <cd>a large circular

boiler, or kier, used in bleaching.</cd> -- <col>Bucking

stool</col>, <cd>a washing block.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buck"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Dandified; foppish.</def>



<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bocle</ets> buckle, boss of a shield, OF. <ets>bocle</ets>,

F. <ets>boucle</ets>, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L.

<ets>buccula</ets> a little cheek or mouth, dim. of

<ets>bucca</ets> cheek; this boss or knob resembling a

cheek.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A device, usually of metal,

consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches,

used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness,

by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the

tongue.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw

blade or a plate of sheet metal.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl

formerly worn; also, the state of being curled.</def>



<q>Earlocks in tight <qex>buckles</qex> on each side of a lantern

face.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<q>Lets his wig lie in <qex>buckle</qex> for a whole half

year.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A contorted expression, as of the face.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>'Gainst nature armed by gravity,

His features too in <qex>buckle</qex> see.</q>

<qau>Churchill.</qau>



<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Buckled</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Buckling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>boclen</ets>, F.

<ets>boucler</ets>. See <er>Buckle</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles;

<as>as, to <ex>buckle</ex> a harness</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend; to cause to kink, or to become

distorted.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and

earnestness; -- generally used reflexively<-- buckle down

-->.</def>



<q>Cartwright <qex>buckled</qex> himself to the employment.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To join in marriage.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<-- p. 188 -->



<hw>Buc"kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl;

to kink.</def>



<q><qex>Buckled</qex> with the heat of the fire like

parchment.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a

wall.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To yield; to give way; to cease opposing.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to

<qex>buckle</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pepys.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in

close fight; to struggle; to contend.</def>



<q>The bishop was as able and ready to <qex>buckle</qex> with the

Lord Protector as he was with him.</q>

<qau>Latimer.</qau>



<q>In single combat thou shalt <qex>buckle</qex> with me.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>To buckle to</col>, <cd>to bend to; to engage with

zeal.</cd></cs>



<q>To make our sturdy humor <qex>buckle</qex>

there<qex>to</qex>.</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<q>Before <qex>buckling to</qex> my winter's work.</q>

<qau>J. D. Forbes.</qau>



<hw>Buc"kler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bocler</ets>, OF. <ets>bocler</ets>, F. <ets>bouclier</ets>,

a shield with a boss, from OF. <ets>bocle</ets>,

<ets>boucle</ets>, boss. See <er>Buckle</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A kind of shield, of

various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the

left) for protecting the front of the body.</def>



<note><hand/ In the sword and <xex>buckler</xex> play of the

Middle Ages in England, the <xex>buckler</xex> was a small

shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry

blows.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>One of the

large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The anterior segment of the shell of

trilobites.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A block of wood or plate of

iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a

half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel

pitches.</def>



<cs><col>Blind buckler</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>a solid

buckler.</cd> -- <col>Buckler mustard</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a genus of plants (<spn>Biscutella</spn>) with small bright

yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two

bucklers or shields.</cd> -- <col>Buckler thorn</col>, <cd>a

plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See <er>Christ's

thorn</er>.</cd> -- <col>Riding buckler</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>,

<cd>a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buc"kler</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To shield; to

defend.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,

Now <qex>buckler</qex> falsehood with a pedigree?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Buc"kler-head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having

a head like a buckler.</def>



<hw>Buc"kling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wavy;

curling, as hair.</def>



<au>Latham.</au>



<hw>Buck"ra</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[In the

language of the Calabar coast, <ets>buckra</ets> means \'bddemon,

a powerful and superior being.\'b8

<ets>J</ets>.<ets>L</ets>.<ets>Wilson</ets>.]</ety> <def>A white

man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies,

etc.</def>



<hw>Buck"ra</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>White; white man's; strong;

good; <as>as, <ex>buckra</ex> yam, a white yam</as>.</def>



<hw>Buck"ram</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bokeram</ets>, <ets>bougeren</ets>, OF. <ets>boqueran</ets>,

F. <ets>bougran</ets>, MHG. <ets>buckeram</ets>, LL.

<ets>buchiranus</ets>, <ets>boquerannus</ets>, fr. MHG.

<ets>boc</ets>, G. <ets>bock</ets>, goat (as being made of goat's

hair), or fr. F. <ets>bouracan</ets>, by transposing the letter

<ets>r</ets>. See <er>Buck</er>, <er>Barracan</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with

size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended,

and for wrappers to cover merchandise.</def>



<note><hand/ <xex>Buckram</xex> was formerly a very different

material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing

apparel, etc.</note>



<au>Beck (Draper's Dict. ).</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant. See

<er>Ramson</er>.</def>



<au>Dr. Prior.</au>



<hw>Buck"ram</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made of

buckram; <as>as, a <ex>buckram</ex> suit</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Stiff; precise.</def> \'bd<xex>Buckram</xex>

dames.\'b8



<au>Brooke.</au>



<hw>Buck"ram</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strengthen with

buckram; to make stiff.</def>



<au>Cowper.</au>



<hw>Buck's"-horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant with leaves branched somewhat like

a buck's horn (<spn>Plantago Coronopus</spn>); also, <spn>Lobelia

coronopifolia</spn>.</def>



<hw>Buck"shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coarse

leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and

large game.</def>



<hw>Buck"skin`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The skin of a buck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or

grayish in color, made of deerskin.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an

American soldier of the Revolutionary war.</def>



<q>Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought,

An' did the <qex>buckskins</qex> claw, man.</q>

<qau>Burns.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <def>Breeches made of

buckskin.</def>



<q>I have alluded to his <qex>buckskin</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Buck"stall`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A toil or

net to take deer.</def>



<hw>Buck"thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus (<spn>Rhamnus</spn>) of shrubs or

trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long

spines or thorns. See <er>Rhamnus</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Sea buckthorn</col>, <cd>a plant of the genus

<spn>Hippopha\'89</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buck"tooth`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Any tooth

that juts out.</def>



<q>When he laughed, two white <qex>buckteeth</qex> protruded.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<hw>Buck"wheat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Buck</ets> a beech tree + <ets>wheat</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>boekweit</ets>, G. <ets>buchweizen</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Fagopyrum esculentum</spn>)

of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for

food.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The triangular seed used, when ground, for

griddle cakes, etc.</def>



<hw>Bu*col"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bucolicus</ets>, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ cowherd, herdsman; <?/ ox

+ (perh.) <?/ race horse; cf. Skr. <ets>kal</ets> to drive: cf.

F. <ets>bucolique</ets>. See <er>Cow</er> the animal.]</ety>

<def>Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd;

pastoral; rustic.</def>



<hw>Bu*col"ic</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>Bucolic\'93n</ets> po\'89ma.]</ety> <def>A pastoral poem,

representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation

of shepherds; <as>as, the <ex>Bucolics</ex> of Theocritus and

Virgil</as>.</def>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Bu*col"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bucolic.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu*cra"ni*um</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

L. <plw>Bucrania</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[L., fr. Gr. <?/

ox head.]</ety> <def>A sculptured ornament, representing an ox

skull adorned with wreaths, etc.</def>



<hw>Bud</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>budde</ets>; cf. D. <ets>bot</ets>, G. <ets>butze</ets>,

<ets>butz</ets>, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. <ets>butte</ets>

in hage<ets>butte</ets>, hain<ets>butte</ets>, a hip of the

dog-rose, or OF. <ets>boton</ets>, F. <ets>bouton</ets>, bud,

button, OF. <ets>boter</ets> to bud, push; all akin to E.

<ets>beat</ets>. See <er>Button</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small protuberance on the stem or

branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves,

flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A small protuberance on

certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a

new organism, either free or attached. See <er>Hydra</er>.</def>



<cs><col>Bud moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a

lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds

of fruit trees; esp. <spn>Tmetocera ocellana</spn> and

<spn>Eccopsis malana</spn> on the apple tree.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bud</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Budded</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Budding</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To put forth or

produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower

or shoot.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in

the manner of a bud, as a horn.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To be like a bud in respect to youth and

freshness, or growth and promise; <as>as, a <ex>budding</ex>

virgin</as>.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.</syn>



<hw>Bud</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To graft, as a plant with

another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an

opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the

budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally

bear.</def>



<q>The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are,

<qex>budded</qex> upon the peach; the plum and the peach are

<qex>budded</qex> on each other.</q>

<qau>Farm. Dict.</qau>



<hw>Bud"dha</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Skr.

<ets>buddha</ets> wise, sage, fr. <ets>budh</ets> to know.]</ety>

<def>The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and

wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp.

Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of

Buddhism.</def>



<hw>Bud"dhism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The religion

based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage

Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, \'bdthe awakened or

enlightened,\'b8 in the sixth century <er>b</er>.<er>c</er>., and

adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of

Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's

teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was

characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents

release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement,

<xex>Nirv\'83na</xex>) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in

transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life.

Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.</def>



<hw>Bud"dhist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

accepts the teachings of Buddhism.</def>



<hw>Bud"dhist</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to

Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.</def>



<hw>Bud*dhis"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Buddhist</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Bud"ding</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The act or process of producing buds.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>A process of asexual

reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a

protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the

bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk

or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See

<er>Hydroidea</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The act or process of ingrafting one kind of

plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.</def>



<hw>Bud"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E., to

cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G.

<ets>butteln</ets> to shake.]</ety> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An

apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped

ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning

water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable

portions.</def>



<hw>Bud"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>To

wash ore in a buddle.</def>



<hw>Bude" burn`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See <er>Bude

light</er>.]</ety> <def>A burner consisting of two or more

concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and

a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is

supplied.</def>



<hw>Bude" light`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From <ets>Bude</ets>,

in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.]</ety>

<def>A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by

introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center

of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.</def>



<hw>Budge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Budged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Budging</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[F. <ets>bouger</ets> to stir, move (akin to Pr.

<ets>bojar</ets>, <ets>bolegar</ets>, to stir, move, It.

<ets>bulicare</ets> to boil, bubble), fr. L. <ets>bullire</ets>.

See <er>Boil</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>To move off; to

stir; to walk away.</def>



<q>I'll not <qex>budge</qex> an inch, boy.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did <qex>budge</qex>

From rascals worse than they.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Budge</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Budge</er>,

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>Brisk; stirring; jocund.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Budge</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bouge</ets> bag, OF.

<ets>boge</ets>, <ets>bouge</ets>, fr. L. <ets>bulga</ets> a

leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr.

<ets>bolc</ets>, Gael. <ets>bolg</ets>. Cf. <er>Budge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A kind of fur prepared from lambskin

dressed with the wool on; -- used formerly as an edging and

ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.</def>



<hw>Budge</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Lined with budge;

hence, scholastic.</def> \'bd<xex>Budge</xex> gowns.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Austere or stiff, like scholastics.</def>



<q>Those <qex>budge</qex> doctors of the stoic fur.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>Budge bachelor</col>, <cd>one of a company of men

clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied

the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession.</cd> --

<col>Budge barrel</col> <fld>(Mil.)</fld>, <cd>a small

copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being

closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with

strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the

magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.</cd></cs>



<hw>Budge"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Sternness;

severity.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for

<qex>budgeness</qex>.</q>

<qau>Stanyhurst.</qau>



<hw>Budg"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

budges.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>\'d8budg"e*row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>bajr\'be</ets>.]</ety> <def>A large and commodious, but

generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the

Ganges.</def>



<hw>Budg"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bogett</ets>, <ets>bouget</ets>, F. <ets>bougette</ets> bag,

wallet, dim. of OF. <ets>boge</ets>, <ets>bouge</ets>, leather

bag. See <er>Budge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Bouget</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bag or sack with its

contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; <as>as, a

<ex>budget</ex> of inventions</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The annual financial statement which the British

chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It

comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with

the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is

sometimes applied to a similar statement in other

countries.</def>



<cs><col>To open the budget</col>, <cd>to lay before a

legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the

executive government.</cd></cs>



<hw>Budg"y</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Budge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Consisting of fur.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bud"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Bud</ets>

+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little bud springing from a

parent bud.</def>



<q>We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or

the parent bud from the numerous <qex>budlets</qex> which are its

offspring.</q>

<qau>E. Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Buff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buff</ets>, <ets>buffe</ets>, buff, buffalo, F.

<ets>buffle</ets> buffalo. See <er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the

buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen,

elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner.</def> \'bdA suit

of <xex>buff</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The color to buff; a light yellow, shading

toward pink, gray, or brown.</def>



<q>A visage rough,

Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of <qex>buff</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A military coat, made of buff leather.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>The grayish viscid substance

constituting the buffy coat. See <cref>Buffy coat</cref>, under

<er>Buffy</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A wheel covered with buff

leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>The bare skin; <as>as, to strip to the

<ex>buff</ex></as>.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>To be in <qex>buff</qex> is equivalent to being naked.</q>

<qau>Wright.</qau>



<hw>Buff</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Made of buff

leather.</def>



<au>Goldsmith.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Of the color of buff.</def>



<cs><col>Buff coat</col>, <cd>a close, military outer garment,

with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of

buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by

soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering.</cd> --

<col>Buff jerkin</col>, <cd>originally, a leather waistcoat;

afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Nares</au>.</cd> -- <col>Buff stick</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>,

<cd>a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in

polishing.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To polish with a buff. See

<er>Buff</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>



<hw>Buff</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[OF. <ets>bufer</ets> to

cuff, buffet. See <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <def>To

strike.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>B. Jonson.</au>



<hw>Buff</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Buffet</er>.]</ety>

<def>A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase

\'bdBlindman's <xex>buff</xex>.\'b8</def>



<q>Nathless so sore a <qex>buff</qex> to him it lent

That made him reel.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<hw>Buff</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Of uncertain etymol.]</ety>

<def>Firm; sturdy.</def>



<q>And for the good old cause stood <qex>buff</qex>,

'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff.</q>

<qau>Hudibras.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Buf"fa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. fem.</pos>

<fld>(Mus.)</fld> <ety>[It. See <er>Buffoon</er>.]</ety> <def>The

comic actress in an opera.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos> <def>

Comic, farcical.</def></def2>



<cs><col>Aria buffa</col>, <cd>a droll or comic air.</cd> --

<col>Opera buffa</col>, <cd>a comic opera. See <er>Opera

bouffe</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buf"fa*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buffaloes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Sp.

<ets>bufalo</ets> (cf. It. <ets>bufalo</ets>, F.

<ets>buffle</ets>), fr. L. <ets>bubalus</ets>,

<ets>bufalus</ets>, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the

buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. <?/ buffalo, prob. fr. <?/ ox. See

<er>Cow</er> the animal, and cf. <er>Buff</er> the color, and

<er>Bubale</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

species of the genus <spn>Bos</spn> or <spn>Bubalus</spn>

(<spn>B. bubalus</spn>), originally from India, but now found in

most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is

larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy

places and rivers.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large and savage

species of the same genus (<spn>B. Caffer</spn>) found in South

Africa; -- called also <altname>Cape buffalo</altname>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any species of wild

ox.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The bison of North

America.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A buffalo robe. See <cref>Buffalo robe</cref>,

below.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffalo fish. See

<cref>Buffalo fish</cref>, below.</def>



<cs><col>Buffalo berry</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a shrub of

the Upper Missouri (<spn>Sherherdia argentea</spn>) with acid

edible red berries.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo bird</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>an African bird of the genus

<spn>Buphaga</spn>, of two species. These birds perch upon

buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites.</cd> --

<col>Buffalo bug</col>, <cd>the carpet beetle. See under

<er>Carpet</er>.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo chips</col>, <cd>dry dung

of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel</cd>. <mark>[U.S.]</mark>

-- <col>Buffalo clover</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of

clover (<spn>Trifolium reflexum</spn> and

<spn>T.soloniferum</spn>) found in the ancient grazing grounds of

the American bison.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo cod</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a large, edible, marine fish

(<spn>Ophiodon elongatus</spn>) of the northern Pacific coast; --

called also <altname>blue cod</altname>, and <altname>cultus

cod</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo fish</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>one of several large fresh-water

fishes of the family <spn>Catostomid\'91</spn>, of the

Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (<spn>Ictiobus

bubalus</spn>), the big-mouthed or black (<spn>Bubalichthys

urus</spn>), and the small-mouthed (<spn>B. altus</spn>), are

among the more important species used as food.</cd> --

<mcol><col>Buffalo fly</col>, <or/ <col>Buffalo gnat</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small dipterous insect of the genus

<spn>Simulium</spn>, allied to the black fly of the North. It is

often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi

valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing

large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly

is a species with similar habits.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo

grass</col> <spn>(Bot.)</spn>, <cd>a species of short, sweet

grass (<spn>Buchlo\'89 dactyloides</spn>), from two to four

inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or

bisons, feed</cd>. [U.S.] -- <col>Buffalo nut</col></mcol>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>the oily and drupelike fruit of an

American shrub (<spn>Pyrularia oleifera</spn>); also, the shrub

itself; oilnut.</cd> -- <col>Buffalo robe</col>, <cd>the skin of

the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much

used as a lap robe in sleighs.</cd></cs>



<-- p. 189 -->



<hw>Buf"fel duck</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[See

<er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small duck

(<spn>Charitonetta albeola</spn>); the spirit duck, or

butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous

elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also

<altname>bufflehead</altname>.</def>



<hw>Buff"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prop a

<ets>striker</ets>. See <er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>An elastic

apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the

collision of bodies; <as>as, a <ex>buffer</ex> at the end of a

railroad car</as>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A pad or cushion

forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; --

sometimes called <altname>buffing apparatus</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who polishes with a buff.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A wheel for buffing; a buff.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; -- usually

said of an elderly man.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>Buff"er*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The head

of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad

carriages.</def>



<hw>Buf*fet"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>buffet</ets>, LL. <ets>bufetum</ets>; of uncertain origin;

perh. fr. the same source as E. <ets>buffet</ets> a blow, the

root meaning <ets>to puff</ets>, hence (cf. <ets>puffed up</ets>)

the idea of ostentation or display.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side

of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a

sideboard.</def>



<q>Not when a gilt <qex>buffet's</qex> reflected pride

Turns you from sound philosophy aside.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a

railroad station, or place of public gathering.</def>



<hw>Buf"fet</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buffet</ets>, <ets>boffet</ets>, OF. <ets>buffet</ets> a

slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. <ets>buffe</ets> blow,

cf. F. <ets>bouffer</ets> to blow, puff; prob. akin to E.

<ets>puff</ets>. For the meaning <ets>slap</ets>,

<ets>blow</ets>, cf. F. <ets>soufflet</ets> a slap,

<ets>souffler</ets> to blow. See <er>Puff</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>,

and cf. <er>Buffet</er> sidebroad, <er>Buffoon</er>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a

cuff.</def>



<q>When on his cheek a <qex>buffet</qex> fell.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blow from any source, or that which affects

like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an

adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity.</def>



<q>Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to

brave the <qex>buffets</qex> of the Bay of Biscay.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<q>Fortune's <qex>buffets</qex> and rewards.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small stool; a stool for a buffet or

counter.</def>



<q>Go fetch us a light <qex>buffet</qex>.</q>

<qau>Townely Myst.</qau>



<hw>Buf"fet</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Buffeted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Buffeting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>buffeten</ets>,

OF. <ets>buffeter</ets>. See the preceding noun.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to

beat; to cuff; to slap.</def>



<q>They spit in his face and <qex>buffeted</qex> him.</q>

<qau>Matt. xxvi. 67.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly;

to strive with or contend against; <as>as, to <ex>buffet</ex> the

billows</as>.</def>



<q>The sudden hurricane in thunder roars,

<qex>Buffets</qex> the bark, and whirls it from the shores.</q>

<qau>Broome.</qau>



<q>You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own,

instead of being <qex>buffeted</qex> about the world.</q>

<qau>W. Black.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <ety>[Cf. <er>Buffer</er>.]</ety> <def>To deaden the

sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.</def>



<hw>Buf"fet</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To exercise

or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to

contend.</def>



<q>If I might <qex>buffet</qex> for my love, or bound my horse

for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To make one's way by blows or struggling.</def>



<q>Strove to <qex>buffet</qex> to land in vain.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Buf"fet*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

buffets; a boxer.</def>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<hw>Buf"fet*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A striking

with the hand.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A succession of blows; continued violence, as of

winds or waves; afflictions; adversity.</def>



<q>He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted

to endure the <qex>buffeting</qex> on the rudest storm.</q>

<qau>Wirt.</qau>



<hw>Buf"fin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[So called from

resembling <ets>buff</ets> <?/eather.]</ety> <def>A sort of

coarse stuff; <as>as, <ex>buffin</ex> gowns</as>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Buffer</er>, 1.</def>



<hw>Buf"fle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE., from F.

<ets>buffle</ets>. See <er>Buffalo</er>.]</ety> <def>The

buffalo.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. Herbert.</au>



<hw>Buf"fle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To puzzle; to be at a

loss.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>Buf"fle*head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Buffle</ets> + <ets>head</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>What makes you stare so, <qex>bufflehead</qex>?</q>

<qau>Plautus (trans. 1694).</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffel duck. See

<er>Buffel duck</er>.</def>



<hw>Buf"fle-head`ed</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a large head,

like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So fell this <qex>buffle-headed</qex> giant.</q>

<qau>Gayton.</qau>



<hw>\'d8Buf"fo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.masc.</pos> <ety>[It.

See <er>Buffoon</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>The comic

actor in an opera.</def>



<hw>Buf*foon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bouffon</ets> (cf. It. <ets>buffone</ets>, <ets>buffo</ets>,

<ets>buffa</ets>, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr.

<ets>bouffer</ets> to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out

their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See

<er>Buffet</er> a blow.]</ety> <def>A man who makes a practice of

amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a

mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.</def>



<hw>Buf*foon"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon.</def>

\'bd<xex>Buffoon</xex> stories.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>To divert the audience with <qex>buffoon</qex> postures and

antic dances.</q>

<qau>Melmoth.</qau>



<hw>Buf*foon"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act the part of a

buffoon.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Buf*foon"</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To treat with

buffoonery.</def>



<au>Glanvill.</au>



<hw>Buf*foon"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buffooneries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>bouffonnerie</ets>.]</ety> <def>The arts and practices of a

buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and

postures.</def>



<q>Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart

piece of <qex>buffoonery</qex> with a \'bdWhat makes you

blush?\'b8</q>

<qau>Spectator.</qau>



<hw>Buf*foon"ish</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a buffoon;

consisting in low jests or gestures.</def>



<au>Blair.</au>



<hw>Buf*foon"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.</def>



<hw>Buf*foon"ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Low; vulgar.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>Apish tricks and <qex>buffoonly</qex> discourse.</q>

<qau>Goodman.</qau>



<hw>Buff"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Resembling, or characterized by, buff.</def>



<cs><col>Buffy coat</col>, <cd>the coagulated plasma of blood

when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum

appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions

where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser

masses than usual.</cd></cs>



<au>Huxley.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bu"fo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bufo</ets> a toad.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus

of Amphibia including various species of toads.</def>



<hw>Bu"fon*ite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bufo</ets> toad: cf. F. <ets>bufonite</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Paleon.)</fld> <def>An old name for a fossil consisting of

the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the

family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the

o\'94lite and chalk formations; toadstone; -- so named from a

notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.</def>



<hw>Bug</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bugge</ets>, fr. W. <ets>bwg</ets>, <ets>bwgan</ets>,

hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. <er>Bogey</er>,

<er>Boggle</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A bugbear; anything

which terrifies.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Sir, spare your threats:

The <qex>bug</qex> which you would fright me with I seek.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A general name applied to

various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; <as>as, the squash

<ex>bug</ex>; the chinch <ex>bug</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An insect of the genus

<spn>Cimex</spn>, especially the bedbug (<spn>C.

lectularius</spn>). See <er>Bedbug</er>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of various species of

Coleoptera; <as>as, the lady<ex>bug</ex>; potato <ex>bug</ex>,

etc.; loosely, any beetle.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of certain kinds of

Crustacea; <as>as, the sow <ex>bug</ex>; pill <ex>bug</ex>; bait

<ex>bug</ex>; salve <ex>bug</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<note><hand/ According to present popular usage in England, and

among housekeepers in America, <xex>bug</xex>, when not joined

with some qualifying word, is used specifically for

<xex>bedbug</xex>. As a general term it is used very loosely in

America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England.

\'bdGod's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest <xex>bug</xex>

that creeps.\'b8 <au>Rogers</au> (<au>Naaman</au>). \'bdThis

<xex>bug</xex> with gilded wings.\'b8 <au>Pope</au>.</note>



<cs><col>Bait bug</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bait</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bug word</col>, <cd>swaggering or threatening language.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark></cd></cs>



<au>Beau. & Fl.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bug`a*boo"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bug"bear`</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>Something frightful, as a specter;

anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to

excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to

frighten children, etc.</def> \'bd<xex>Bugaboos</xex> to fright

ye.\'b8



<au>Lloyd.</au>



<q>But, to the world no <qex>bugbear</qex> is so great

As want of figure and a small estate.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The <qex>bugaboo</qex> of the liberals is the church pray.</q>

<qau>S. B. Griffin.</qau>



<q>The great <qex>bugaboo</qex> of the birds is the owl.</q>

<qau>J. Burroughs.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.</syn>



<hw>Bug"bane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A perennial white-flowered herb of the order

<xex>Ranunculace\'91</xex> and genus <xex>Cimiciguga</xex>;

bugwort. There are several species.</def>



<hw>Bug"bear`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bugaboo</er>.</def> -- <def2><pos>a.</pos>  <def>Causing

needless fright.</def></def2>



<au>Locke.</au>



<hw>Bug"bear`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To alarm with idle

phantoms.</def>



<hw>Bug"fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The menhaden.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bug"ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bougre</ets>, fr. LL. <ets>Bulgarus</ets>, a Bulgarian, and

also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected

with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called

<ets>heretics</ets>, because in the eyes of their adversaries

there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore

thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to

heretics.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One guilty of buggery or

unnatural vice; a sodomite.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A wretch; -- sometimes used humorously or in

playful disparagement.</def> <mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Bug"ger*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF.

<ets>bougrerie</ets>, <ets>bogrerie</ets>, heresy. See

<er>Bugger</er>.]</ety> <def>Unnatural sexual intercourse;

sodomy.</def>



<hw>Bug"gi*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Buggy</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>The state of being

infested with bugs.</def>



<hw>Bug"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bug</er>.]</ety> <def>Infested or abounding with bugs.</def>



<hw>Bug"gy</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buggies</plw>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A light one horse

two-wheeled vehicle.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<q>Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race

in a <qex>buggy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Beaconsfield.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one

seat, and with or without a calash top.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Buggy cultivator</col>, <cd>a cultivator with a seat for

the driver.</cd> -- <col>Buggy plow</col>, <cd>a plow, or set of

plows, having a seat for the driver; -- called also

<altname>sulky plow</altname>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bu"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bugle</ets> buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. <ets>bugle</ets>,

fr. L. <ets>buculus</ets> a young bullock, steer, dim. of

<ets>bos</ets> ox. See <er>Cow</er> the animal.]</ety> <def>A

sort of wild ox; a buffalo.</def>



<au>E. Phillips.</au>



<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Bugle</er> a wild

ox.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A horn used by hunters.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A copper instrument of the

horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet,

sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very

rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; -- called

also the <altname>Kent bugle</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL. <ets>bugulus</ets> a

woman's ornament: cf. G. <ets>b\'81gel</ets> a bent piece of

metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. <ets>biegen</ets> to bend,

E. <ets>bow</ets> to bend.]</ety> <def>An elingated glass bead,

of various colors, though commonly black.</def>



<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From <er>Bugle</er> a

bead.]</ety> <def>Jet black.</def> \'bd<xex>Bugle</xex>

eyeballs.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bu"gle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bugle</ets>; cf. It.

<ets>bugola</ets>, L. <ets>bugillo</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus <xex>Ajuga</xex> of

the Mint family, a native of the Old World.</def>



<cs><col>Yellow bugle</col>, <cd>the <xex>Ajuga

cham\'91pitys<xex>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bu"gled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ornamented with

bugles.</def>



<hw>Bu"gle horn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

bugle.</def>



<q>One blast upon his <qex>bugle horn</qex>

Were worth a thousand men.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A drinking vessel made of horn.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And drinketh of his <qex>bugle horn</qex> the wine.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Bu"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who plays

on a bugle.</def>



<hw>Bu"gle*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the Mint family and genus

<xex>Lycopus</xex>; esp. <xex>L</xex>. <xex>Virginicus</xex>,

which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is

sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.</def>



<hw>Bu"gloss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buglosses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F.

<ets>buglosse</ets>, L. <ets>buglossa</ets>,

<ets>buglossus</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ oxtongue <?/ ox + <?/

tongue.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Anchusa</spn>, and especially the <spn>A. officinalis</spn>,

sometimes called <xex>alkanet</xex>; oxtongue.</def>



<cs><col>Small wild bugloss</col>, <cd>the <spn>Asperugo

procumbens</spn> and the <spn>Lycopsis arvensis</spn>.</cd> --

<col>Viper's bugloss</col>, <cd>a species of

<spn>Echium</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bug"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Bugbane.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Buhl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Buhl"work</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From A.Ch.<ets>Boule</ets>, a

French carver in wood.]</ety> <def>Decorative woodwork in which

tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid,

forming scrolls, cartouches, etc.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>boule</asp>, <asp>boulework</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Buhl"buhl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bulbul</er>.</def>



<hw>Buhr"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bur</ets> a whetstone for scythes.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld>

<def>A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>burrstone</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Build</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Built</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Building</er>. The regular

<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Builded</er> is

antiquated.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulden</ets>,

<ets>bilden</ets>, AS. <ets>byldan</ets> to build, fr.

<ets>bold</ets> house; cf. Icel. <ets>b\'d3l</ets> farm, abode,

Dan. <ets>bol</ets> small farm, OSw. <ets>bol</ets>,

<ets>b\'94le</ets>, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel.

<ets>b<?/a</ets> to dwell; akin to E. <ets>be</ets>,

<ets>bower</ets>, <ets>boor</ets>. <root/97.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind;

to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to

fabricate; to make; to raise.</def>



<q>Nor aught availed him now

To have <qex>built</qex> in heaven high towers.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To raise or place on a foundation; to form,

establish, or produce by using appropriate means.</def>



<q>Who <qex>builds</qex> his hopes in air of your good looks.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To increase and strengthen; to increase the

power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; --

frequently with <xex>up</xex>; <as>as, to <ex>build</ex> up one's

constitution</as>.</def>



<q>I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is

able to <qex>build</qex> you up.</q>

<qau>Acts xx. 32.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.</syn>



<hw>Build</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground

one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed

reliable; to rely; <as>as, to <ex>build</ex> on the opinions or

advice of others</as>.</def>



<hw>Build</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Form or mode of construction;

general figure; make; <as>as, the <ex>build</ex> of a

ship</as>.</def>



<hw>Build"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a

shipwright, or a mason.</def>



<q>In the practice of civil architecture, the <qex>builder</qex>

comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans

who execute it.</q>

<qau>Eng. Cyc.</qau>



<hw>Build"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The act of

constructing, erecting, or establishing.</def>



<q>Hence it is that the <qex>building</qex> of our Sion rises no

faster.</q>

<qau>Bp. Hall.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The art of constructing edifices, or the

practice of civil architecture.</def>



<q>The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes

<qex>building</qex>; but <qex>building</qex> is frequently

employed when the result is not architectural.</q>

<qau>Hosking.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>That which is built; a fabric or edifice

constructed, as a house, a church, etc.</def>



<q>Thy sumptuous <qex>buildings</qex> and thy wife's attire

Have cost a mass of public treasury.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Built</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Shape; build;

form of structure; <as>as, the <ex>built</ex> of a

ship</as>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>Built</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Formed; shaped; constructed;

made; -- often used in composition and preceded by the word

denoting the form; <as>as, frigate-<ex>built</ex>,

clipper-<ex>built</ex>, etc.</as></def>



<q>Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly

<qex>built</qex>.</q>

<qau>Landor.</qau>



<hw>Buke" mus"lin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Book

muslin</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Buk"shish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Backsheesh</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu"lau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An East Indian

insectivorous mammal (<spn>Gymnura Rafflesii</spn>), somewhat

like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.</def>



<-- p. 190 -->



<hw>Bulb</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bulbus</ets>, Gr. <?/: cf. F. <ets>bulbe</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A spheroidal body growing from

a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which

is strictly a <xex>bud</xex>, consisting of a cluster of

partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem

above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs

from a <xex>corm</xex> in not being solid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>A name given to some parts

that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; <as>as, the

<ex>bulb</ex> of the aorta</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Bulb of the eye</col>, <cd>the eyeball.</cd> --

<col>Bulb of a hair</col>, <cd>the \'bdroot,\'b8 or part whence

the hair originates.</cd> -- <col>Bulb of the spinal cord</col>,

<cd>the <xex>medulla oblongata<xex>, often called simply

<xex>bulb<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Bulb of a tooth</col>, <cd>the

vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the

tooth.</cd></cs>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube,

as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as

spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc.</def>



<au>Tomlinson.</au>



<hw>Bulb</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To take the shape of a bulb;

to swell.</def>



<hw>Bul*ba"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bulbaceus</ets>. See <er>Bulb</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<def>Bulbous.</def>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bulb"ar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the

bulb of the spinal cord, or <xex>medulla oblongata</xex>; <as>as,

<ex>bulbar</ex> paralysis</as>.</def>



<hw>Bulbed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a bulb;

round-headed.</def>



<hw>Bulb"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim., fr.

<ets>bulb</ets>, n.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A separable

bulb formed on some flowering plants.</def>



<hw>Bul*bif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>-ferous</ets>: cf. F.

<ets>bulbif\'8are</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Producing

bulbs.</def>



<hw>Bulb"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>-let</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A small bulb, either produced on a larger

bulb, or on some a\'89rial part of a plant, as in the axils of

leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds

of onion.</def>



<hw>Bul*bose"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Bulbous.</def>



<hw>Bul"bo-tu`ber</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bulb</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>+ <ets>tuber</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A corm.</def>



<hw>Bulb"ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bulbosus</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bulbeux</ets>. See

<er>Bulb</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>Having or containing

bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or

structure.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bul"bul</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Per.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The Persian

nightingale (<spn>Pycnonotus jocosus</spn>). The name is also

applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family

<spn>Timaliid\'91</spn>. The green bulbuls belong to the

<spn>Chloropsis</spn> and allied genera.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>buhlbuhl</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bul"bule</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bulbulus</ets>, dim. of <ets>bulbus</ets>. See

<er>Bulb</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <def>A small bulb; a

bulblet.</def>



<hw>Bul"chin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Dim. of

<ets>bull</ets>.]</ety> <def>A little bull.</def>



<hw>Bulge</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bulge</ets> a swelling; cf. AS. <ets>belgan</ets> to swell,

OSw. <ets>bulgja</ets>, Icel. <ets>b\'d3lginn</ets> swollen, OHG.

<ets>belgan</ets> to swell, G. <ets>bulge</ets> leathern sack,

Skr. <ets>b<?/h</ets> to be large, strong; the root meaning

<ets>to swell</ets>. Cf. <er>Bilge</er>, <er>Belly</er>,

<er>Billow</er>, <er>Bouge</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward,

esp. when caused by pressure; <as>as, a <ex>bulge</ex> in a

wall</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The bilge of a vessel. See

<er>Bilge</er>, 2.</def>



<cs><col>Bulge ways</col>. <cd><fld>(Naut.)</fld> See <er>Bilge

ways</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bulge</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bulged</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb.n.</pos> <er>Bulging</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to

pressure; to be protuberant; <as>as, the wall

<ex>bulges</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To bilge, as a ship; to founder.</def>



<q>And scattered navies <qex>bulge</qex> on distant shores.</q>

<qau>Broome.</qau>



<hw>Bul"gy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Bulged; bulging;

bending, or tending to bend, outward.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bu*lim"i*a</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bu"li*my</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL. <ets>bulimia</ets>,

fr. Gr. <?/, lit., ox-hunger; <?/ ox + <?/ hunger: cf. F.

<ets>boulimie</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A disease in

which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a

diseased and voracious appetite.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu*li"mus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bulimus</ets> hunger. See <er>Bulimy</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of land snails having an

elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are

numerous ingabundant in tropical America.</def>



<hw>Bulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bulke</ets>, <ets>bolke</ets>, heap; cf. Dan.

<ets>bulk</ets> lump, clod, OSw. <ets>bolk</ets> crowd, mass,

Icel. <ets>b<?/lkast</ets> to be bulky. Cf. <er>Boll</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, <er>Bile</er> a boil, <er>Bulge</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Magnitude of material

substance; dimensions; mass; size; <as>as, an ox or ship of great

<ex>bulk</ex></as>.</def>



<q>Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred

ships; not so great of <qex>bulk</qex> indeed, but of a more

nimble motion, and more serviceable.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The main mass or body; the largest or principal

portion; the majority; <as>as, the <ex>bulk</ex> of a

debt</as>.</def>



<q>The <qex>bulk</qex> of the people must labor, Burke told them,

\'bdto obtain what by labor can be obtained.\'b8</q>

<qau>J. Morley.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The cargo of a vessel when

stowed.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The body.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>My liver leaped within my <qex>bulk</qex>.</q>

<qau>Turbervile.</qau>



<cs><col>Barrel bulk</col>. <cd>See under <er>Barrel</er>.</cd>

-- <col>To break bulk</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>to begin to

unload or more the cargo.</cd> -- <col>In bulk</col>, <cd>in a

mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into

separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be

taken or sold.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Laden in bulk</col>,

<col>Stowed in bulk</col></mcol>, <cd>having the cargo loose in

the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks.</cd> --

<col>Sale by bulk</col>, <cd>a sale of goods as they are, without

weight or measure.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness;

largeness; massiveness.</syn>



<hw>Bulk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bulked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bulking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.</def>



<q>The fame of Warburton possibly <qex>bulked</qex> larger for

the moment.</q>

<qau>Leslie Stephen.</qau>



<hw>Bulk</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Icel. <ets>b\'belkr</ets> a

beam, partition. Cf. <er>Balk</er>, <pos>n.</pos> &

<ets>v</ets>.]</ety> <def>A projecting part of a building.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Here, stand behind this <qex>bulk</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bulk"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in

order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.</def>



<hw>Bulk"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bulk</er> part of a building.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A partition in a vessel, to separate

apartments on the same deck.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A structure of wood or stone, to resist the

pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in

a mine; the limiting wall along a water front.</def>



<cs><col>Bulked line</col>, <cd>a line beyond which a wharf must

not project; -- usually, the harbor line.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bulk"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Greatness

in bulk; size.</def>



<hw>Bulk"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of great bulk or

dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; <as>as,

<ex>bulky</ex> volumes</as>.</def>



<q>A <qex>bulky</qex> digest of the revenue laws.</q>

<qau>Hawthorne.</qau>



<hw>Bull</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bule</ets>, <ets>bul</ets>, <ets>bole</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>bul</ets>, G. <ets>bulle</ets>, Icel. <ets>boli</ets>, Lith.

<ets>bullus</ets>, Lett. <ets>bollis</ets>, Russ.

<ets>vol'</ets>; prob. fr. the root of AS. <ets>bellan</ets>, E.

<ets>bellow</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>The male of any species of cattle (<spn>Bovid\'91</spn>);

hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also,

the male of the whale.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>wild bull</xex> of the Old Testament is

thought to be the oryx, a large species of antelope.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who, or that which, resembles a bull in

character or action.</def>



<au>Ps. xxii. 12.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>Taurus, the

second of the twelve signs of the zodiac.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It

contains the Pleiades.</def>



<q>At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun,

And the bright <qex>Bull</qex> receives him.</q>

<qau>Thomson.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld> <def>One who operates in

expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to

effect such a rise. See 4th <er>Bear</er>, <pos>n.</pos>,

5.</def>



<cs><col>Bull baiting</col>, <cd>the practice of baiting bulls,

or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack

them.</cd> -- <col>John Bull</col>, <cd>a humorous name for the

English, collectively; also, an Englishman.</cd> 

\'bdGood-looking young <xex>John Bull<xex>.\'b8 <au>W.

D.Howells</au>. -- <col>To take the bull by the horns</col>,

<cd>to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding

it.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bull</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or pertaining to a bull;

resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.</def>



<cs><col>Bull bat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the night

hawk; -- so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on

the wing, in the evening.</cd> -- <col>Bull calf</col>.

<sd>(a)</sd> <cd>A stupid fellow.</cd> -- <col>Bull

mackerel</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the chub mackerel.</cd>

-- <col>Bull pump</col> <fld>(Mining)</fld>, <cd>a direct

single-acting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is

placed above the pump.</cd> -- <col>Bull snake</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the pine snake of the United

States.</cd> -- <col>Bull stag</col>, <cd>a castrated bull. See

<er>Stag</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bull wheel</col>, <cd>a wheel, or

drum, on which a rope is wound for lifting heavy articles, as

logs, the tools in well boring, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bull</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be in heat; to manifest

sexual desire as cows do.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bull</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <fld>(Stock Exchange)</fld>

<def>To endeavor to raise the market price of; <as>as, to

<ex>bull</ex> railroad bonds; to <xex>bull</xex> stocks; to

<xex>bull</xex> Lake Shore</as>; to endeavor to raise prices in;

<as>as, to <ex>bull</ex> the market</as>. See 1st <er>Bull</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<hw>Bull</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bulle</ets>, fr. L.

<ets>bulla</ets> bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F.

<ets>bulle</ets>. Cf. <er>Bull</er> a writing, <er>Bowl</er> a

ball, <er>Boil</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

seal. See <er>Bulla</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope,

written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a

bulla, and dated \'bda die Incarnationis,\'b8 <it>i. e.</it>,

\'bdfrom the day of the Incarnation.\'b8  See <xex>Apostolical

brief</xex>, under <er>Brief</er>.</def>



<q>A fresh <qex>bull</qex> of Leo's had declared how inflexible

the court of Rome was in the point of abuses.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent

congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of

expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity

between the dictatorial nature of the pope's <xex>bulls</xex> and

his professions of humility.</def>



<q>And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic,

it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's <qex>bulls</qex>,

as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic

schimatic.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<cs><col>The Golden Bull</col>, <cd>an edict or imperial

constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing

what became the fundamental law of the German empire; -- so

called from its golden seal.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Blunder</er>.</syn>



<hw>\'d8Bul"la</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bull\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L.

<ets>bulla</ets> bubble. See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>A bleb; a vesicle, or an

elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery

fluid.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>The ovoid prominence below

the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; <as>as, the

tympanic or auditory <ex>bulla</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round

leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a

representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the

name of the pope who uses it.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A genus of marine shells.

See <er>Bubble shell</er>.</def>



<hw>Bul"lace</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bolas</ets>, <ets>bolace</ets>, OF. <ets>beloce</ets>; of

Celtic origin; cf. Arm. <ets>bolos</ets>, <ets>polos</ets>, Gael.

<ets>bulaistear</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd>

<def>A small European plum (<spn>Prunus communis</spn>, var.

<spn>insitita</spn>). See <er>Plum</er>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd>

<def>The bully tree.</def>



<hw>Bul*lan"tic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>Pertaining to, or used in,

papal bulls.</def>



<au>Fry.</au>



<cs><col>Bullantic letters</col>, <cd>Gothic letters used in

papal bulls.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bul"la*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bullarium</ets>: cf. F. <ets>bullairie</ets>. See

<er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>A collection of papal

bulls.</def>



<hw>Bul"la*ry</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Bullaries</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. <er>Boilary</er>.]</ety> <def>A

place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery.</def>



<au>Crabb.</au>



<q>And certain salt fats or <qex>bullaries</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bills in Chancery.</qau>



<hw>Bul"late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bullatus</ets>, fr. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble.]</ety>

<fld>(Biol.)</fld> <def>Appearing as if blistered; inflated;

puckered.</def>



<cs><col>Bullate leaf</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a leaf, the

membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered

elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bull"beg`gar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something

used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of

weak mind; a bugbear.</def>



<q>And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the

church wardens for being <qex>bullbeggar</qex> to all the forward

children in the parish.</q>

<qau>Mountfort (1691).</qau>



<hw>Bull" bri`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

species of Smilax (<spn>S. Pseudo-China</spn>) growing from New

Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and

farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort

of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; --

called also <altname>bamboo brier</altname> and <altname>China

brier</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bull"comb*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A scaraboid beetle; esp. the

<spn>Typh\'91us vulgaris</spn> of Europe.</def>



<hw>Bull"dog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A variety of dog, of remarkable

ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; -- so named, probably,

from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>A refractory material used

as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag

from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.</def>



<hw>Bull"dog`</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Characteristic of, or

like, a bulldog; stubborn; <as>as, <ex>bulldog</ex> courage;

<ex>bulldog</ex> tenacity.</as></def>



<cs><col>Bulldog bat</col> <fld>(zo'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bat of the

genus <spn>Nyctinomus</spn>; -- so called from the shape of its

face.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bull"doze`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bulldozed</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.</pos> & <pos>vb.<pos>n.</pos>

<er>Bulldozing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To intimidate; to restrain

or coerce by intimidation or violence; -- used originally of the

intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bull"do`zer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bulldozes.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>



<hw>Bulled</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<er>Boln</er>.]</ety> <def>Swollen.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bul"len-bul"len</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Native Australian name, from its cry.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The lyre bird.</def>



<hw>Bul"len-nail`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bull</ets> large, having a large head +

<ets>nail</ets>.]</ety> <def>A nail with a round head and short

shank, tinned and lacquered.</def>



<hw>Bul"let</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>boulet</ets>, dim. of <ets>boule</ets> ball. See

<er>Bull</er> an edict, and cf. <er>Boulet</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A small ball.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A missile, usually of lead, and round or

elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol,

or other small firearm.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cannon ball.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece

being charged with a <qex>bullet</qex> of stone.</q>

<qau>Stow.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The fetlock of a horse.</def> <note>[See

<xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Horse</er>.]</note>



<hw>Bul"let-proof`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Capable

of resisting the force of a bullet.</def>



<cs><col>Bullet tree</col>. <cd>See <er>Bully tree</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bullet wood</col>, <cd>the wood of the bullet

tree.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bul"le*tin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bulletin</ets>, fr. It. <ets>bullettino</ets>, dim. of

<ets>bulletta</ets>, dim. of <ets>bulla</ets>, <ets>bolla</ets>,

an edict of the pope, from L. <ets>bulla</ets> bubble. See

<er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A brief statement

of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or

the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority

for the information of the public.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any public notice or announcement, especially of

news recently received.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A periodical publication, especially one

containing the proceeding of a society.</def>



<cs><col>Bulletin board</col>, <cd>a board on which announcements

are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices,

etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bull"faced`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

large face.</def>



<hw>Bull"feast`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bullfight</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bull"fight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bull"fight`ing</hw> 

}</mhw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A barbarous sport, of great

antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls

in an arena, for public amusement, -- still popular in

Spain.</def> -- <wordforms><wf>Bull"fight`er</wf> <pr>(<?/)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bull"finch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus

<spn>Pyrrhula</spn> and other related genera, especially the

<spn>P. vulgaris</spn> or <spn>rubicilla</spn>, a bird of Europe

allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck,

red.</def>



<note><hand/ As a cage bird it is highly valued for its

remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical

airs.</note>



<cs><col>Crimson-fronted bullfinch</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<cd>See <er>Burion</er>.</cd> -- <col>Pine bullfinch</col>,

<cd>the pine finch.</cd></cs>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bull"fist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bull"fice</hw> 

}</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. G.

<ets>bofist</ets>, AS. <ets>wulfes fist</ets> puffball, E.

<ets>fizz</ets>, <ets>foist</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A kind of fungus. See <er>Puffball</er>.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bull" fly`</hw> or <hw>Bull"fly`</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>Any large

fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze

flies.</def>



<hw>Bull"frog`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A very large species of frog

(<spn>Rana Catesbiana</spn>), found in North America; -- so named

from its loud bellowing in spring.</def>



<hw>Bull"head`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A fresh-water fish of

many species, of the genus <spn>Uranidea</spn>, esp. <spn>U.

gobio</spn> of Europe, and <spn>U. Richardsoni</spn> of the

United States; -- called also <altname>miller's

thumb</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>In America, several

species of <spn>Amiurus</spn>; -- called also

<altname>catfish</altname>, <altname>horned pout</altname>, and

<altname>bullpout</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>A marine

fish of the genus <spn>Cottus</spn>; the sculpin.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>The

black-bellied plover (<spn>Squatarola helvetica</spn>); -- called

also <altname>beetlehead</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>The

golden plover.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A stupid fellow; a lubber.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small black water

insect.</def>



<au>E. Phillips.</au>



<cs><col>Bullhead whiting</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

kingfish of Florida (<spn>Menticirrus alburnus</spn>).</cd></cs>



<-- p. 191 -->



<hw>Bull"head`ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate;

dogged.</def>



<hw>Bul"lion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE.

<ets>bullyon</ets> a hook used for fastening the dress, a button,

stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds,

<ets>e</ets>.<ets>g</ets>., on the cover of a book, on bridles or

poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL.

<ets>bullio</ets> the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold

or silver, fr. L. <ets>bulla</ets> boss, stud, bubble (see

<er>Bull</er> an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. <?/.

<ets>billon</ets> base coin, LL. <ets>billio</ets> bullion. Cf.

<er>Billon</er>, <er>Billet</er> a stick.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.</def>



<note><hand/ Properly, the precious metals are called

<xex>bullion</xex>, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or

when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in

plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver,

both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass,

including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Base or uncurrent coin.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>And those which eld's strict doom did disallow,

And damm for <qex>bullion</qex>, go for current now.</q>

<qau>Sylvester.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or

copper, on bridles, saddles, etc.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The clasps and <qex>bullions</qex> were worth a thousand

pound.</q>

<qau>Skelton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or

silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe

whose cords are prominent.</def>



<hw>Bul"lion*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An advocate for a

metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into

gold.</def>



<hw>Bul"li*rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <ety>[Cf.

<ets>bully</ets>,<pos>n.</pos>& v., and <ets>rag</ets> to scold,

rail. Cf. <er>Ballarag</er>.]</ety> <def>To intimidate by

bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger.</def>

<mark>[Low]</mark>



<hw>Bull"ish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Partaking of

the nature of a bull, or a blunder.</def>



<q>Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a

toothed sleek stone, and as <qex>bullish</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bull"ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>bulliste</ets>.

See <er>Bull</er> an edict.]</ety> <def>A writer or drawer up of

papal bulls.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Harmar.</au>



<hw>Bul*li"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>bullire</ets>, <ets>bullitum</ets>, to boil. See

<er>Boil</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos>]</ety> <def>The action of

boiling; boiling. <mark>[Obs.]</mark> See

<er>Ebullition</er>.</def>



<au>Bacon.</au>



<hw>Bull"-necked`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

short and thick neck like that of a bull.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<hw>Bul"lock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bulluc</ets> a young bull. See <er>Bull</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A young bull, or any male of the ox kind.</def>



<q>Take thy father's young <qex>bullock</qex>, even the second

<qex>bullock</qex> of seven years old.</q>

<qau>Judges vi. 25.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ox, steer, or stag.</def>



<hw>Bul"lock</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To bully.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She shan't think to <qex>bullock</qex> and domineer over

me.</q>

<qau>Foote.</qau>



<hw>Bul"lock's-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bull's-eye</er>, 3.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bul"lon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A West Indian fish (<spn>Scarus

Croicensis</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bull"pout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>See <er>Bullhead</er>, 1

<sd>(b)</sd>.</def>



<hw>Bull's"-eye`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A small circular or oval wooden block

without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it,

used for connecting rigging.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A small round cloud, with a ruddy center,

supposed by sailors to portend a storm.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck,

roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A circular or oval opening for air or

light.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side

for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens

itself.</def>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Astron.)</fld> <def>Aldebaran, a bright star in

the eye of <xex>Taurus</xex> or the Bull.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Archery & Gun.)</fld> <def>The center of a

target.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <def>A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by

the end of the pipe through which it was blown.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <def>A small and thick old-fashioned watch.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bull's"-nose`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>An external angle when obtuse or

rounded.</def>



<hw>Bull" ter"ri*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the

terrier.</def>



<hw>Bull" trout`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<sd>(a)</sd> <def>In England, a large salmon trout of several

species, as <spn>Salmo trutta</spn> and <spn>S. Cambricus</spn>,

which ascend rivers; -- called also <altname>sea

trout</altname>.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def><spn>Salvelinus

malma</spn> of California and Oregon; -- called also

<altname>Dolly Varden trout</altname> and <altname>red-spotted

trout</altname>.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The huso or salmon of

the Danube.</def>



<hw>Bull"weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bole</ets> a stem + <ets>weed</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Knapweed.</def>



<au>Prior.</au>



<hw>Bull"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Bishop's-weed</er>.</def>



<hw>Bul"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bullies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Cf. LG.

<ets>bullerjaan</ets>, <ets>bullerb\'84k</ets>,

<ets>bullerbrook</ets>, a blusterer, D. <ets>bulderaar</ets> a

bluster, <ets>bulderen</ets> to bluster; prob. of imitative

origin; or cf. MHG. <ets>buole</ets> lover, G.

<ets>buhle</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A noisy, blustering

fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and

quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow.</def>



<q><qex>Bullies</qex> seldom execute the threats they deal

in.</q>

<qau>Palmerston.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A brisk, dashing fellow.</def> <mark>[Slang

Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bul"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Jovial and blustering; dashing.</def> <mark>[Slang]</mark>

\'bdBless thee, <xex>bully</xex> doctor.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Fine; excellent; <as>as, a <ex>bully</ex>

horse</as>.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bullied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Bullying</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To intimidate with

threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the

part of a bully toward.</def>



<q>For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of

volunteers gone over to <qex>bully</qex> the French, upon hearing

the peace was just signing.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</q>



<syn>Syn. -- To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.</syn>



<hw>Bul"ly</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To act as a bully.</def>



<hw>Bul"ly*rag</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Bullirag</er>.</def>



<hw>Bul"ly*rock`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

bully.</def> <mark>[Slang Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bul"ly tree`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The

name of several West Indian trees of the order

<spn>Sapotace\'91</spn>, as <spn>Dipholis nigra</spn> and species

of <spn>Sapota</spn> and <spn>Mimusops</spn>. Most of them yield

a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.</def>



<hw>Bul"rush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bulrysche</ets>, <ets>bolroysche</ets>; of uncertain origin,

perh. fr. <ets>bole</ets> stem + <ets>rush</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A kind of large rush, growing in wet land

or in water.</def>



<note><hand/ The name <xex>bulrush</xex> is applied in England

especially to the cat-tail (<spn>Typha latifolia</spn> and

<spn>T. angustifolia</spn>) and to the lake club-rush

(<spn>Scirpus lacustris</spn>); in America, to the <spn>Juncus

effusus</spn>, and also to species of <spn>Scirpus</spn> or

club-rush.</note>



<hw>\'d8Bulse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A purse or

bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc.</def>

<mark>[India]</mark>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<hw>Bul"tel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bultellus</ets>. See <er>Bolt</er> to sift.]</ety> <def>A

bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bul"ti</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Bolty</er>.</def>



<hw>Bul"tow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A trawl; a

boulter; the mod<?/ of fishing with a boulter or spiller.</def>



<hw>Bul"wark</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to D.

<ets>bolwerk</ets>, G. <ets>bollwerk</ets>, Sw.

<ets>bolwerk</ets>, Dan. <ets>bolv\'84rk</ets>,

<ets>bulv\'84rk</ets>, rampart; akin to G. <ets>bohle</ets>

plank, and <ets>werk</ets> work, defense. See <er>Bole</er> stem,

and <er>Work</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Boulevard</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Fort.)</fld> <def>A

rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which secures against an enemy, or defends

from attack; any means of defense or protection.</def>



<q>The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense,

. . . the floating <qex>bulwark</qex> of our island.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <pluf>pl.</pluf> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The sides of

a ship above the upper deck.</def>



<syn>Syn. -- See <er>Rampart</er>.</syn>



<hw>Bul"wark</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bulwarked</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.</pos> &

<pos>vb</pos>.<pos>n.</pos> <er>Bulwarking</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by

fortification; to protect.</def>



<q>Of some proud city, <qex>bulwarked</qex> round and armed

With rising towers.</q>

<qau>Glover.</qau>



<hw>Bum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Contr. fr.

<ets>bottom</ets> in this sense.]</ety> <def>The buttock.</def>

<mark>[Low]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bum</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bummed</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr.</pos> &

<pos>vb</pos>.<pos>n.</pos> <er>Bumming</er> (<?/).]</wordforms>

<ety>[See <er>Boom</er>, <pos>v. i.,</pos> to roar.]</ety>

<def>To make murmuring or humming sound.</def>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<hw>Bum</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A humming noise.</def>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bum"bail"iff</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A

corruption of <ets>bound bailiff</ets>.]</ety> <mark>[Low,

Eng.]</mark> <def>See <cref>Bound bailiff</cref>, under

<er>Bound</er>, <pos>a.</pos></def>



<hw>Bum"bard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Bombard</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bum"barge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bumboat</er>.</def>



<au>Carlyle.</au>



<hw>Bum"bast</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Bombast</er>.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bum"be*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bumbeloes</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[It.

<ets>bombola</ets>.]</ety> <def>A glass used in subliming

camphor.</def> <altsp>[Spelled also <asp>bombolo</asp> and

<asp>bumbolo</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bum"ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bump</er> to boom.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

bittern.</def> <mark>[Local, Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bum"ble</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To make a hollow or

humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to cry as a

bittern.</def>



<q>As a bittern <qex>bumbleth</qex> in the mire.</q>

<qau>Chaucer.</qau>



<hw>Bum"ble*bee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bumblen</ets> to make a humming noise (dim. of

<ets>bum</ets>, v.i.) + <ets>bee</ets>. Cf.

<er>Humblebee</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A large bee

of the genus <spn>Bombus</spn>, sometimes called

<xex>humblebee</xex>; -- so named from its sound.</def>



<note><hand/ There are many species. All gather honey, and store

it in the empty cocoons after the young have come out.</note>



<hw>Bum"boat`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>bum</ets> the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or

fr. D. <ets>bun</ets> a box for holding fish in a boat.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A clumsy boat, used for conveying

provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or

off shore.</def>



<hw>Bum"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Boom</ets> a beam + <ets>-kin</ets>. See

<er>Bumpkin</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A projecting

beam or boom; as: <sd>(a)</sd> One projecting from each bow of a

vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a <xex>tack

bumpkin</xex>. <sd>(b)</sd> Onr from each quarter, for the

main-brace blocks, and called <xex>brace bumpkin</xex>.

<sd>(c)</sd> A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to

extend the mizzen.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>boomkin</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>\'d8Bum"ma*lo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Native

name.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine Asiatic

fish (<spn>Saurus ophidon</spn>) used in India as a relish; --

called also <altname>Bombay duck</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bum"mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An idle,

worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a

dissipated sponger.</def> <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bum"me*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bottomery</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief

against a <qex>bummery</qex> bond.</q>

<qau>R. North.</qau>



<hw>Bump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bumped</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bumping</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[Cf. W. <ets>pwmp</ets> round mass, <ets>pwmpiaw</ets> to

thump, bang, and E. <ets>bum</ets>, v.i., <ets>boom</ets> to

roar.]</ety> <def>To strike, as with or against anything large or

solid; to thump; <as>as, to <ex>bump</ex> the head against a

wall</as>.</def>



<hw>Bump</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To come in violent contact

with something; to thump.</def> \'bd<xex>Bumping</xex> and

jumping.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>Bump</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Bump</er> to strike, to thump.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

thump; a heavy blow.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump

or blow; a protuberance.</def>



<q>It had upon its brow

A <qex>bump</qex> as big as a young cockerel's stone.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Phren.)</fld> <def>One of the protuberances on

the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or

affections of the mind; <as>as, the <ex>bump</ex> of

\'bdveneration;\'b8  the <ex>bump</ex> of 

\'bdacquisitiveness.\'b8</as></def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The act of striking the stern of the boat in

advance with the prow of the boat following.</def>

<mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bump</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Boom</er> to

roar.]</ety> <def>To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the

bittern; to boom.</def>



<q>As a bittern <qex>bumps</qex> within a reed.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bump</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The noise made by the

bittern.</def>



<hw>Bum"per</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[A corruption

of <ets>bumbard</ets>, <ets>bombard</ets>, a large drinking

vessel.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cup or glass filled to the

brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a

health or toast.</def>



<q>He frothed his <qex>bumpers</qex> to the brim.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of

some favorite performer.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<hw>Bump"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>That which bumps or causes a bump.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which resists or deadens a bump or

shock; a buffer.</def>



<hw>Bump"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same word

as <ets>bumkin</ets>, which Cotgrave defines thus:

\'bd<ets>Bumkin</ets>, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long

and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle

are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde.\'b8 Hence, a clumsy

man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf.

OD. <ets>boomken</ets> a little tree. See <er>Boom</er> a

pole.]</ety> <def>An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a

country lout.</def> \'bdBashful country <xex>bumpkins</xex>.\'b8



<au>W. Irving.</au>



<hw>Bump"tious</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Self-conceited; forward; pushing.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Halliwell.</au>



<hw>Bump"tious*ness</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Conceitedness.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bun</hw>, <hw>Bunn</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot. <ets>bun</ets>, <ets>bunn</ets>, OE.

<ets>bunne</ets>, <ets>bonne</ets>; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir.

<ets>bunna</ets>, Gael. <ets>bonnach</ets>, or OF.

<ets>bugne</ets> tumor, Prov. F. <ets>bugne</ets> a kind of

pancake; akin to OHG. <ets>bungo</ets> bulb, MHG.

<ets>bunge</ets>, Prov. E. <ets>bung</ets> heap, cluster,

<ets>bunny</ets> a small swelling.]</ety> <def>A slightly

sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk

on the top crust.</def>



<hw>Bunch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Akin to OSw. &

Dan. <ets>bunke</ets> heap, Icel. <ets>bunki</ets> heap, pile,

<ets>bunga</ets> tumor, protuberance; cf. W. <ets>pwng</ets>

cluster. Cf. <er>Bunk</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.</def>



<q>They will carry . . . their treasures upon the

<qex>bunches</qex> of camels.</q>

<qau>Isa. xxx. 6.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of

things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; <as>as, a

<ex>bunch</ex> of grapes; a <ex>bunch</ex> of keys.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A small isolated mass of

ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein.</def>



<au>Page.</au>



<hw>Bunch</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.<pos> <er>Bunched<pos>er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb.n<pos>.

<er>Bunching<pos>er>.]</wordforms> <def>To swell out into a bunch

or protuberance; to be protuberant or round.</def>



<q><qex>Bunching</qex> out into a large round knob at one

end.</q>

<qau>Woodward.</qau>



<hw>Bunch</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To form into a bunch or

bunches.</def>



<hw>Bunch"-backed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having a

bunch on the back; crooked.</def> \'bd<xex>Bunch-backed</xex>

toad.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bunch"ber`ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The dwarf cornel (<spn>Cornus

Canadensis</spn>), which bears a dense cluster of bright red,

edible berries.</def>



<hw>Bunch" grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California,

<spn>Atropis tenuifolia</spn>, <spn>Festuca scabrella</spn>, and

several kinds of <spn>Stipa</spn> are favorite bunch grasses. In

Utah, <spn>Eriocoma cuspidata</spn> is a good bunch grass.</def>



<hw>Bunch"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.</def>



<hw>Bunch"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Swelling out in bunches.</def>



<q>An unshapen, <qex>bunchy</qex> spear, with bark unpiled.</q>

<qau>Phaer.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch;

having tufts; <as>as, the bird's <ex>bunchy</ex> tail</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>Yielding irregularly;

sometimes rich, sometimes poor; <as>as, a <ex>bunchy</ex>

mine</as>.</def>



<au>Page.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bun"combe</hw>, <hw>Bun"kum</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[<ets>Buncombe</ets> a country

of North Carolina.]</ety> <def>Speech-making for the

gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause;

flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere

show.</def> <mark>[Cant or Slang, U.S.]</mark>



<q>All that flourish about right of search was <qex>bunkum</qex>

-- all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was

<qex>bunkum</qex> . . . slavery speeches are all

<qex>bunkum</qex>.</q>

<qau>Haliburton.</qau>



<cs><col>To speak for Buncombe</col>, <cd>to speak for mere show,

or popularly.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe phrase originated near the close of the

debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress.

It was then used by Felix Walker -- a <xex>na\'8bve</xex> old

mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most

western country of North Carolina, near the border of the

adjacent country of <xex>Buncombe</xex>, which formed part of his

district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was

impatiently calling for the '<xex>Question</xex>,' and several

members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved,

however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district

expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for

<xex>Buncombe</xex>.'\'b8</note>



<au>W. Darlington.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.]</ety>

<def>League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German

states.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bund</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Hindi

<ets>band</ets>.]</ety> <def>An embankment against

inundation.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<au>S. Wells Williams.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bun"der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Pers.

<ets>bandar</ets> a landing place, pier.]</ety> <def>A boat or

raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and

goods.</def>



<-- p. 192 -->



<hw>\'d8Bun"des*rath`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.,

from <ets>bund</ets> (akin to E. <ets>bond</ets>) confederacy +

<ets>rath</ets> council, prob. akin to E. <ets>read</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath

and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The

federal council of Switzerland is also so called.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>Bundesrath</xex> of the German empire is

presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two

members, who represent the different states of the empire, being

appointed for each session by their respective

governments.</note>



<q>By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland,

-- the <qex>Bundesrath</qex> -- is chosen, and the head of this

is a president.</q>

<qau>J. P. Peters (Trans. M\'81ller's Pol. Hist. ).</qau>



<hw>Bun"dle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bundel</ets>, AS. <ets>byndel</ets>; akin to D.

<ets>bondel</ets>, <ets>bundel</ets>, G. <ets>b\'81ndel</ets>,

dim. of <ets>bund</ets> bundle, fr. the root of E.

<ets>bind</ets>. See <er>Bind</er>.]</ety> <def>A number of

things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or

package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a

roll; <as>as, a <ex>bundle</ex> of straw or of paper; a

<ex>bundle</ex> of old clothes.</as></def>



<q>The fable of the rods, which, when united in a

<qex>bundle</qex>, no strength could bend.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<cs><col>Bundle pillar</col> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>, <cd>a column or

pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it.</cd> 

<au>Weale.</au></cs>



<hw>Bun"dle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.<pos>pos> <er>Bundled<er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr.<pos> & vb.n<pos>.

<er>Bundling</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To send off abruptly or without ceremony.</def>



<q>They unmercifully <qex>bundled</qex> me and my gallant second

into our own hackney coach.</q>

<qau>T. Hook.</qau>



<cs><col>To bundle off</col>, <cd>to send off in a hurry, or

without ceremony.</cd> -- <col>To bundle one's self up</col>,

<cd>to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bun"dle</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To prepare

for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To sleep on the same bed without undressing; --

applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus

sleeping.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<q>Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat

pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and <qex>bundle</qex>

with the Yankee lasses.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<hw>Bung</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. W.

<ets>bwng</ets> orfice, bunghole, Ir. <ets>buinne</ets> tap,

spout, OGael. <ets>buine</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The large

stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.</def>



<sn>2.</sn>  <def>The orifice in the bilge of a cask through

which it is filled; bunghole.</def>



<sn>3.</sn>  <def>A sharper or pickpocket.</def> <mark>[Obs. &

Low]</mark>



<q>You filthy <qex>bung</qex>, away.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bung</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bunged</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bunging</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To stop, as the

orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>To bung up</col>, <cd>to use up, as by bruising or over

exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action.</cd>

<mark>[Low]</mark></cs>



<q>He had <qex>bunged up</qex> his mouth that he should not have

spoken these three years.</q>

<qau>Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).</qau>



<hw>Bun"ga*low</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Bengalee

<ets>b\'bengl\'be</ets>]</ety> <def>A thatched or tiled house or

cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a

veranda.</def> <mark>[India]</mark>



<hw>\'d8Bun"ga*rum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> 

<ety>[<ets>Bungar</ets>, the native name.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A venomous snake of India, of the

genus <spn>Bungarus</spn>, allied to the cobras, but without a

hood.</def>



<hw>Bung"hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bung</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bun"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bungled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>. <er>Bungling</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[Prob. a diminutive from, akin to

<ets>bang</ets>; cf. Prov. G. <ets>bungen</ets> to beat, bang,

OSw. <ets>bunga</ets>. See <er>Bang</er>.]</ety> <def>To act or

work in a clumsy, awkward manner.</def>



<hw>Bun"gle</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To make or mend clumsily;

to manage awkwardly; to botch; -- sometimes with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>I always had an idea that it would be <qex>bungled</qex>.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<hw>Bun"gle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A clumsy or

awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder.</def>



<q>Those errors and <qex>bungles</qex> which are committed.</q>

<qau>Cudworth.</qau>



<hw>Bun"gler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A clumsy,

awkward workman; one who bungles.</def>



<q>If to be a dunce or a <qex>bungler</qex> in any profession be

shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to

be such!</q>

<qau>Barrow.</qau>



<hw>Bun"gling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Unskillful;

awkward; clumsy; <as>as, a <ex>bungling</ex> workman</as>.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<q>They make but <qex>bungling</qex> work.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bun"gling*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>Clumsily;

awkwardly.</def>



<hw>Bun"go</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a

kind of boat used in the Southern United States.</def>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bun"ion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>Same as <er>Bunyon</er>.</def>



<hw>Bunk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OSw.

<ets>bunke</ets> heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf.

<er>Bunch</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A wooden case or box,

which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at

night.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One of a series of berths or bed places in

tiers.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to

sustain the end of heavy timbers.</def> <mark>[Local,

U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bunk</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bunked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Bunking</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To go to bed in a bunk; --

sometimes with <xex>in</xex>.</def> <mark>[Colloq. U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bun"ker</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>bunker</ets>, <ets>bunkart</ets>, a bench, or low chest,

serving for a seat. Cf. <er>Bunk</er>, <er>Bank</er>,

<er>Bench</er>.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid

of which serves for a seat.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Jamieson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A large bin or similar receptacle; <as>as, a

coal <ex>bunker</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bun"ko</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sf. Sp.

<ets>banco</ets> bank, <ets>banca</ets> a sort of game at cards.

Cf. <er>Bank</er> (in the commercial sense).]</ety> <def>A kind

of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham

lottery.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>bunco</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Bunko steerer</col>, <cd>a person employed as a decoy in

bunko. <mark>[Slang, U.S.]</mark></cd></cs>



<hw>Bun"kum</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Buncombe</er>.</def>



<hw>Bunn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bun</er>.</def>



<hw>Bun"nian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bunyon</er>.</def>



<hw>Bun"ny</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or

going out from it.</def>



<hw>Bun"ny</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A pet name for a rabbit or a

squirrel.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>\'d8Bu`no*don"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bu"no*donts</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>n. pl.</pos>

<ety>[NL. <ets>bunodonta</ets>, fr. Gr. <?/ hill, heap + <?/,

<?/, a tooth.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A division of the

herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; -- so

called because the teeth are tuberculated.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bun"sen's bat"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Bun"sen's

burn`er</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See under

<er>Battery</er>, and <er>Burner</er>.</def>



<hw>Bunt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>A fungus (<spn>Ustilago f\'d2tida</spn>) which affects the

ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also

called <xex>pepperbrand</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bunt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Sw. <ets>bunt</ets>

bundle, Dan. <ets>bundt</ets>, G. <ets>bund</ets>, E.

<ets>bundle</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The middle

part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which

is at the center of the yard.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<hw>Bunt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>To swell

out; <as>as, the sail <ex>bunts</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>Bunt</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <def>To strike or push with

the horns or head; to butt; <as>as, the ram <ex>bunted</ex> the

boy</as>.</def>



<hw>Bun"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A woman who

picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman.</def>

<mark>[Cant]</mark>



<q>Her . . . daughters, like <qex>bunters</qex> in stuff

gowns.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Bun"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Scot.

<ets>buntlin</ets>, <ets>corn-buntlin</ets>, OE.

<ets>bunting</ets>, <ets>buntyle</ets>; of unknown origin.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of the genus

<xex>Emberiza</xex>, or of an allied genus, related to the

finches and sparrows (family <xex>Fringillid\'91</xex>).</def>



<note><hand/ Among European species are the common or corn

bunting (<spn>Emberiza miliaria</spn>); the ortolan (<spn>E.

hortulana</spn>); the cirl (<spn>E. cirlus</spn>); and the

black-headed (<spn>Granitivora melanocephala</spn>). American

species are the bay-winged or grass (<spn>Po\'94c\'91tes or

Po\'d2cetes gramineus</spn>); the black-throated (<spn>Spiza

Americana</spn>); the towhee bunting or chewink

(<spn>Pipilo</spn>); the snow bunting (<spn>Plectrophanax

nivalis</spn>); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See

<er>Ortolan</er>, <er>Chewick</er>, <er>Snow bunting</er>,

<er>Lark bunting</er>.</note>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bun"ting</hw>, <hw>Bun"tine</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E. <ets>bunting</ets>

sifting flour, OE. <ets>bonten</ets> to sift, hence prob. the

material used for that purpose.]</ety> <def>A thin woolen stuff,

used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.</def>



<hw>Bunt"line</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[2d <ets>bunt

+ line</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>One of the ropes

toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard

the body of the sail when taking it in.</def>



<au>Totten.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bun"yon</hw>, <hw>Bun"ion</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. Prov. E. <ets>bunny</ets> a small

swelling, fr. OF. <ets>bugne</ets>, It. <ets>bugna</ets>,

<ets>bugnone</ets>. See <er>Bun</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Med.)</fld>

<def>An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac

(one of the <xex>burs\'91 muscos\'91</xex>), usually occurring on

the first joint of the great toe.</def>



<hw>Buoy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>boei</ets> buoy, fetter, fr. OF. <ets>boie</ets>,

<ets>buie</ets>, chain, fetter, F. <ets>bou\'82e</ets> a buoy,

from L. <ets>boia</ets>. \'bd<ets>Boiae</ets> genus vinculorum

tam ferreae quam ligneae.\'b8 <ets>Festus</ets>. So called

because chained to its place.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A

float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a

channel or to point out the position of something beneath the

water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc.</def>



<cs><col>Anchor buoy</col>, <cd>a buoy attached to, or marking

the position of, an anchor.</cd> -- <col>Bell buoy</col>, <cd>a

large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion

of the waves.</cd> -- <col>Breeches buoy</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Breeches</er>.</cd> -- <col>Cable buoy</col>, <cd>an empty

cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage.</cd> --

<col>Can buoy</col>, <cd>a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler

iron, usually conical or pear-shaped.</cd> -- <col>Life

buoy</col>, <cd>a float intended to support persons who have

fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save

them.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Nut</col> <or/ <col>Nun

buoy</col></mcol>, <cd>a buoy large in the middle, and tapering

nearly to a point at each end.</cd> -- <col>To stream the

buoy</col>, <cd>to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side

into the water, before letting go the anchor.</cd> --

<col>Whistling buoy</col>, <cd>a buoy fitted with a whistle that

is blown by the action of the waves.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buoy</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Buoyed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Buoying</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To keep from

sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking

into ruin or despondency.</def>



<q>Those old prejudices, which <qex>buoy</qex> up the ponderous

mass of his nobility, wealth, and title.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys;

<as>as, to <ex>buoy</ex> an anchor; to <ex>buoy</ex> or <ex>buoy

off</ex> a channel.</as></def>



<q>Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not

<qex>buoyed</qex> by this floating weed.</q>

<qau>Darwin.</qau>



<hw>Buoy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To float; to rise like a

buoy.</def> \'bdRising merit will <xex>buoy</xex> up at last.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Buoy"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Buoys, taken

collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels

into or out of port; the providing of buoys.</def>



<hw>Buoy"ance</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Buoyancy.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Buoy"an*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buoyancies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid,

as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as

the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Physics)</fld> <def>The upward pressure exerted

upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of

the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured

by the volume of fluid displaced.</def>



<q>Such are <qex>buoyancies</qex> or displacements of the

different classes of her majesty's ships.</q>

<qau>Eng. Cyc.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness;

sprightliness; -- the opposite of <ant>heaviness</ant>; <as>as,

<ex>buoyancy</ex> of spirits</as>.</def>



<hw>Buoy"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Buoy</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos> & <ets>i</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>Having the quality of rising or floating in a

fluid; tending to rise or float; <as>as, iron is <ex>buoyant</ex>

in mercury</as>.</def> \'bd<xex>Buoyant</xex> on the flood.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body

by being specifically heavier.</def>



<q>The water under me was <qex>buoyant</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; <as>as, a

<ex>buoyant</ex> disposition; <ex>buoyant</ex>

spirits.</as></def> -- <wordforms><wf>Buoy"ant*ly</wf>,

<pos>adv.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bu*pres"ti*dan</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>buprestis</ets>, Gr. <?/, a poisonous beetle, which, being

eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and

die; <?/ ox, cow + <?/ to blow up, swell out.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>One of a tribe of beetles, of the

genus <spn>Buprestis</spn> and allied genera, usually with

brilliant metallic colors. The larv\'91 are usually bores in

timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to

trees.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bur</hw>, <hw>Burr</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>burre</ets> burdock; cf. Dan.

<ets>borre</ets>, OSw. <ets>borra</ets>, burdock, thistle; perh.

akin to E. <ets>bristle</ets> (<ets>burr-</ets> for

<ets>burz-</ets>), or perh. to F. <ets>bourre</ets> hair, wool,

stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, \'bdthe downe, or hairie

coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are

covered,\'b8 fr. L. <ets>burrae</ets> trifles, LL.

<ets>reburrus</ets> rough.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants,

whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of

the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs.</def>



<q>Amongst rude <qex>burs</qex> and thistles.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q><qex>Bur</qex> and brake and brier.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or

shaping metal. See <er>Burr</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 2.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See

<er>Burr</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 4.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>The lobe of the ear. See <er>Burr</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The sweetbread.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A small circular

saw.</def> <sd>(b)</sd> <def>A triangular chisel.</def>

<sd>(c)</sd> <def>A drill with a serrated head larger than the

shank; -- used by dentists.</def>



<sn>8.</sn> <ety>[Cf. Gael. <ets>borr</ets>, <ets>borra</ets>, a

knob, bunch.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The round knob of

an antler next to a deer's head.</def> <altsp>[Commonly written

<asp>burr</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Bur oak</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a useful and

ornamental species of oak (<spn>Quercus macrocarpa</spn>) with

ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed

scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its

wood is tough, close-grained, and durable.</cd> -- <col>Bur

reed</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a plant of the genus

<spn>Sparganium</spn>, having long ribbonlike leaves.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"bolt`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

birdbolt.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Ford.</au>



<hw>Bur"bot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>barbote</ets>, fr. <ets>barbe</ets> beard. See 1st

<er>Barb</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A fresh-water

fish of the genus <xex>Lota</xex>, having on the nose two very

small barbels, and a larger one on the chin.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>burbolt</asp>.]</altsp>



<note><hand/ The fish is also called an <xex>eelpout</xex> or

<xex>ling</xex>, and is allied to the codfish. The <xex>Lota

vulgaris</xex> is a common European species. An American species

(<spn>L. maculosa</spn>) is found in New England, the Great

Lakes, and farther north.</note>



<hw>Bur`de*lais"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bourdelais</ets>, prob. fr. <ets>bordelais</ets>. See

<er>Bordelais</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of grape.</def>



<au>Jonson.</au>



<hw>Bur"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <altsp>[Written also

<ets>burthen</ets>.]</altsp> <ety>[OE. <ets>burden</ets>,

<ets>burthen</ets>, <ets>birthen</ets>, <ets>birden</ets>, AS.

<ets>byr<edh/en</ets>; akin to Icel. <ets>byr<edh/i</ets>, Dan.

<ets>byrde</ets>, Sw. <ets>b\'94rda</ets>, G.

<ets>b\'81rde</ets>, OHG. <ets>burdi</ets>, Goth.

<ets>ba\'a3r<?/ei</ets>, fr. the root of E. <ets>bear</ets>, AS.

<ets>beran</ets>, Goth. <ets>bairan</ets>. \'fb92. See 1st

<er>Bear</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which is borne or

carried; a load.</def>



<q>Plants with goodly <qex>burden</qex> bowing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>That which is borne with labor or difficulty;

that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.</def>



<q>Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone,

To all my friends a <qex>burden</qex> grown.</q>

<qau>Swift.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo

that she will carry; <as>as, a ship of a hundred tons

<ex>burden</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>The tops or heads of

stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Metal.)</fld> <def>The proportion of ore and

flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.</def>



<au>Raymond.</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A fixed quantity of certain commodities; <as>as,

a <ex>burden</ex> of gad steel, 120 pounds</as>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A birth.</def> <mark>[Obs. & R.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Beast of burden</col>, <cd>an animal employed in

carrying burdens.</cd> -- <col>Burden of proof</col> <ety>[L.

<ets>onus probandi<ets>]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld>, <cd>the duty of

proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the

performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on

whom the duty is imposed.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- <er>Burden</er>, <er>Load</er>.</syn> <usage> A

<xex>burden</xex> is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne;

a <xex>load</xex> is something <xex>laid</xex> upon us to be

carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a

difference between the two words. Our <xex>burdens</xex> may be

of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or

without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our

situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the

consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a

<xex>load</xex>, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or

sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own

families to be a <xex>burden</xex>; but if to this be added a

<xex>load</xex> of care for others, the pressure is usually serve

and irksome.</usage>



<hw>Bur"den</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Burdened</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Burdening</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To encumber with weight (literal or figurative);

to lay a heavy load upon; to load.</def>



<q>I mean not that other men be eased, and ye

<qex>burdened</qex>.</q>

<qau>2 Cor. viii. 13.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to

overload; <as>as, to <ex>burden</ex> a nation with

taxes</as>.</def>



<q>My <qex>burdened</qex> heart would break.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place

as a burden (something heavy or objectionable).</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<q>It is absurd to <qex>burden</qex> this act on Cromwell.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.</syn>



<-- p. 193 -->



<hw>Bur"den</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burdoun</ets> the bass in music, F. <ets>bourdon</ets>; cf.

LL. <ets>burdo</ets> drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule.

Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. <er>Bourdon</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The verse repeated in a song, or the return of

the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence:

That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main

topic; <as>as, the <ex>burden</ex> of a prayer</as>.</def>



<q>I would sing my song without a <qex>burden</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The drone of a bagpipe.</def>



<au>Ruddiman.</au>



<hw>Bur"den</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See <er>Burdon</er>.]</ety>

<def>A club.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<hw>Bur"den*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

loads; a oppressor.</def>



<hw>Bur"den*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Burdensome.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

\'bd<xex>Burdenous</xex> taxations.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bur"den*some</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Grievous

to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.</def>



<q>The debt immense of endless gratitude

So <qex>burdensome</qex>.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous;

oppressive; troublesome.</syn>



--  <wordforms><wf>Bur"den*some*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Bur"den*some*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Bur"dock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bur</ets> + <ets>dock</ets> the plant.]</ety>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of coarse biennial herbs

(<spn>Lappa</spn>), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously

to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.</def>



<note><hand/ The common <xex>burdock</xex> is the <spn>Lappa

officinalis</spn>.</note>



<hw>Bur"don</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bourdon</er>.]</ety> <def>A pilgrim's staff.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>burden</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Rom. of R.</au>



<hw>Bu"reau</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Bureaus</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>, F. <plw>Bureaux</plw>

<pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[F. <ets>bureau</ets> a writing table,

desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often

covered, equiv. to F. <ets>bure</ets>, and fr. OF.

<ets>buire</ets> dark brown, the stuff being named from its

color, fr. L. <ets>burrus</ets> red, fr. Gr. <?/ flame-colored,

prob. fr. <?/ fire. See <er>Fire</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, and cf.

<er>Borel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Originally,

a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The place where such a bureau is used; an office

where business requiring writing is transacted.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Hence: A department of public business requiring

a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who

labor under the direction of a chief.</def>



<note><hand/ On the continent of Europe, the highest departments,

in most countries, have the name of <xex>bureaux</xex>; as, the

<xex>Bureau</xex> of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England

and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate

departments; as, the \'bdPension <xex>Bureau</xex>,\'b8 a

subdepartment of the Department of the Interior.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> In Spanish, <xex>bureo</xex> denotes a court

of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's

household.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when

made as an ornamental piece of furniture.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<cs><col>Bureau system</col>. <cd>See <er>Bureaucracy</er>.</cd>

-- <col>Bureau Veritas</col>, <cd>an institution, in the interest

of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels

all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to

Paris in 1830, and re\'89stablished in Brussels in

1870.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bu*reau"cra*cy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Bureau</ets> + Gr. <?/ to be strong, to govern, <?/

strength: cf. F. <ets>bureaucratie</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A system of carrying on the business of government by means

of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in

contradiction to a system in which the officers of government

have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government

conducted on this system.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Government officials, collectively.</def>



<hw>Bu*reau"crat</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and

arbitrary routine.</def>



<au>C. Kingsley.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bu`reau*crat"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<hw>Bu`reau*crat"ic*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, }</mhw> <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[Cf. F. <ets>bureaucratique</ets>.]</ety> <def>Of, relating

to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.</def>



<hw>Bu*reau"cra*tist</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.</def>



<hw>Bur"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & a.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Borrel</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bu*rette"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F., can,

cruet, dim. of <ets>buire</ets> flagon.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or

for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or

discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube,

usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.</def>



<hw>Bur" fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United

States (esp. <spn>Chilo mycterus geometricus</spn>) having the

power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble

a chestnut bur; -- called also <altname>ball fish</altname>,

<altname>balloon fish</altname>, and

<altname>swellfish</altname>.</def>



<hw>Burg</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>burh</ets>, <ets>burg</ets>, cf. LL. <ets>burgus</ets>. See

1st <er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A fortified

town.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A borough.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark> See 1st

<er>Borough</er>.



<hw>Burg"age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Burg</er>: cf. F. <ets>bourgage</ets>, LL.

<ets>burgagium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Eng. Law)</fld> <def>A tenure

by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a

borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services

relating to trade or handicraft.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Bur"gall</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A small marine fish; -- also called

<xex>cunner</xex>.</def>



<hw>Bur"ga*mot</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bergamot</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"ga*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burgonet</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"gee</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

kind of small coat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A swallow-tailed flag; a

distinguishing pen<?/ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant

vessels.</def>



<hw>Bur*geois"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Print.)</fld> <def>See 1st <er>Bourgeous</er>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bur*geois"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

burgess; a citizen. See 2d <er>Bourgeois</er>.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<au>Addison.</au>



<hw>Bur"geon</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To bud. See

<er>Bourgeon</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"gess</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burgeis</ets>, OF. <ets>burgeis</ets>, fr.

<ets>burc</ets>fortified town, town, F. <ets>bourg</ets> village,

fr. LL. <ets>burgus</ets> fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG.

<ets>burc</ets>, G. <ets>burg</ets>. See 1st <er>Borough</er>,

and cf. 2d <er>Bourgeois</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An

inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a

tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<note><hand/ \'bdA <xex>burgess</xex> of a borough corresponds

with a citizen of a city.\'b8</note>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>One who represents a borough in

Parliament.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A magistrate of a borough.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to

vote for municipal officers.</def>



<note><hand/ Before the Revolution, the representatives in the

popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called

<xex>burgesses</xex>; they are now called

<xex>delegates</xex>.</note>



<cs><col>Burgess oath</col>. <cd>See <er>Burgher</er>,

2.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"gess-ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

of privilege of a burgess.</def>



<au>South.</au>



<hw>Burg"grave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[G.

<ets>burggraf</ets>; <ets>burg</ets> fortress + <ets>graf</ets>

count: cf. D. <ets>burggraaf</ets>, F. <ets>burgrave</ets>. See

<er>Margrave</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Gremany)</fld> <def>Originally,

one appointed to the command of a <xex>burg</xex> (fortress or

castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain

attached.</def>



<hw>Burgh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE. See

<er>Burg</er>.]</ety> <def>A borough or incorporated town,

especially, one in Scotland. See <er>Borough</er>.</def>



<hw>Burgh"al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Belonging of a

burgh.</def>



<hw>Burgh"bote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + <ets>bote</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Old

Law)</fld> <def>A contribution toward the building or repairing

of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.</def>



<hw>Burgh"brech`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + F. <ets>br\'8ache</ets>, equiv. to E.

<ets>breach</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(AS. Law)</fld> <def>The offense

of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to

keep the peace; breach of the peace.</def>



<au>Burrill.</au>



<hw>Burgh"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<ets>burgh</ets>; akin to D. <ets>burger</ets>, G.

<ets>b\'81rger</ets>, Dan. <ets>borger</ets>, Sw.

<ets>borgare</ets>. See <er>Burgh</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges

of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Eccl. Hist.)</fld> <def>A member of that party,

among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the

burgess oath (in which burgesses profess \'bdthe true religion

professed within the realm\'b8), the opposite party being called

<xex>antiburghers</xex>.</def>



<note><hand/ These parties arose among the Presbyterians of

Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the

\'bdUnited Associate Synod of the Secession Church.\'b8</note>



<hw>Burgh"er*mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burgomaster</er>.</def>



<hw>Burgh"er*ship</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The state

or privileges of a burgher.</def>



<hw>Burgh"mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A burgomaster.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>An officer who directs and

lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; -- called also

<altname>bailiff</altname>, and

<altname>barmaster</altname>.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Burgh"mote`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(AS.

Law)</fld> <ety>[<ets>Burgh</ets> + <ets>mote</ets>

meeting.]</ety> <def>A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a

borough court held three times yearly.</def>



<hw>Bur"glar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burg</ets> town, F. <ets>bourg</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>burgus</ets> (of German origin) + OF. <ets>lere</ets> thief,

fr. L. <ets>latro</ets>. See <er>Borough</er>, and

<er>Larceny</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Law)</fld> <def>One guilty of the

crime of burglary.</def>



<cs><col>Burglar alarm</col>, <cd>a device for giving alarm if a

door or window is opened from without.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"glar*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

burglar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bur*gla"ri*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of

burglary.</def>



<q>To come down a chimney is held a <qex>burglarious</qex>

entry.</q>

<qau>Blackstone.</qau>



<hw>Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly</hw>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>With an intent

to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>Bur"gla*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Burglaries</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[Fr.

<er>Burglar</er>; cf. LL. <xex>burglaria</xex>.]</ety>

<fld>(Law)</fld> <def>Breaking and entering the dwelling house of

another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony

therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or

not.</def>



<au>Wharton. Burrill.</au>



<note><hand/ By statute law in some of the United States,

<xex>burglary</xex> includes the breaking with felonious intent

into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings

than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are

established.</note>



<hw>Bur"go*mas`ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D.

<ets>burgemeester</ets>; <ets>burg</ets> borough +

<ets>meester</ets> master; akin to G. <ets>burgemeister</ets>,

<ets>b\'81rgermeister</ets>. See 1st <er>Borough</er>, and

<er>Master</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A chief magistrate of a

municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding

to <xex>mayor</xex> in England and the United States; a

burghmaster.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>An aquatic bird, the

glaucous gull (<spn>Larus glaucus</spn>), common in arctic

regions.</def>



<hw>Bur"go*net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>bouruignotte</ets>, because the Burgundians, F.

<ets>Bouruignons</ets>, first used it.]</ety> <def>A kind of

helmet.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>burganet</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Bur"goo</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prov. E.

<ets>burgood</ets> yeast, perh. fr. W. <ets>burym</ets> yeast +

<ets>cawl</ets> cabbage, gruel.]</ety> <def>A kind of oatmeal

pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen.</def> <altsp>[Written

also <asp>burgout</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Bur"grass`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>

<def>Grass of the genus <spn>Cenchrus</spn>, growing in sand, and

having burs for fruit.</def>



<hw>Bur"grave</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.]</ety>

<def>See <er>Burggrave</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"gun*dy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>An old province of France (in the eastern central

part).</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in

Burgundy, France.</def>



<cs><col>Burgundy pitch</col>, <cd>a resinous substance prepared

from the exudation of the Norway spruce (<spn>Abies

excelsa</spn>) by melting in hot water and straining through

cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first

prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It

has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but

viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burh</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burg</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bur"hel</hw>, <hw>Burr"hel</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The wild Himalayan, or

blue, sheep (<spn>Ovis burrhel</spn>).</def>



<hw>Bur"i*al</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buriel</ets>, <ets>buriels</ets>, grave, tomb, AS.

<ets>byrgels</ets>, fr. <ets>byrgan</ets> to bury, and akin to

OS. <ets>burgisli</ets> sepulcher.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and

<qex>biriels</qex> weren opened.</q>

<qau>Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of burying; depositing a dead body in

the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with

attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment.</def> \'bdTo give a

public <xex>burial</xex>.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>Now to glorious <qex>burial</qex> slowly borne.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<cs><col>Burial case</col>, <cd>a form of coffin, usually of

iron, made to close air-tight, for the preservation of a dead

body.</cd> -- <col>Burial ground</col>, <cd>a piece of ground

selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated

to such use by religious ceremonies.</cd> -- <col>Burial

place</col>, <cd>any place where burials are made.</cd> --

<col>Burial service</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> The religious service

performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service.

<sd>(b)</sd> That portion of a liturgy which is read at an

interment; as, the English <xex>burial service<xex>.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.</syn>



<hw>Bur"i*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, buries.</def>



<q>Till the <qex>buriers</qex> have buried it.</q>

<qau>Ezek. xxxix. 15.</qau>



<q>And darkness be the <qex>burier</qex> of the dead.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bu"rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>burin</ets>, cf. It. <ets>burino</ets>, <ets>bulino</ets>;

prob. from OHG. <ets>bora</ets> borer, <ets>bor\'d3n</ets> to

bore, G. <ets>bohren</ets>. See 1st <er>Bore</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used

in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being

ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the

other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly

shaped tool used by workers in marble.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The manner or style of execution of an engraver;

<as>as, a soft <ex>burin</ex>; a brilliant

<ex>burin</ex>.</as></def>



<hw>Bu"rin*ist</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who works with the

burin.</def>



<au>For. Quart. Rev.</au>



<hw>Bu"ri*on</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The red-breasted house sparrow of

California (<spn>Carpodacus frontalis</spn>); -- called also

<altname>crimson-fronted bullfinch</altname>.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>burrion</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Burke</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burked<pos>er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.n</pos>.

<er>Burking<pos>er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[From one <ets>Burke</ets>

of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of

violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for

dissection.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to

suppress; to smother; to shelve; <as>as, to <ex>burke</ex> a

parliamentary question</as>.</def>



<q>The court could not <qex>burke</qex> an inquiry, supported by

such a mass of a affidavits.</q>

<qau>C. Reade.</qau>



<hw>Burk"ism</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The practice

of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for

dissection.</def>



<hw>Burl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burled</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Burling</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>burle</ets>

stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. <ets>bourlet</ets>,

<ets>bourrelet</ets>, OF. <ets>bourel</ets>, a wreath or a roll

of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of

<ets>bourre</ets>. \'fb92. See <er>Bur</er>.]</ety> <def>To dress

or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc.,

from, as in finishing cloth.</def>



<cs><col>Burling iron</col>, <cd>a peculiar kind of nippers or

tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burl</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A knot or lump in

thread or cloth.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree;

also, veneer made from such excrescences.</def>



<hw>Bur"lap</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A coarse

fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer

variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>burlaps</asp>.]</altsp>



<hw>Burl"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who burls

or dresses cloth.</def>



<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>burlesque</ets>, fr. It. <ets>burlesco</ets>, fr.

<ets>burla</ets> jest, mockery, perh. for <ets>burrula</ets>,

dim. of L. <ets>burrae</ets> trifles. See <er>Bur</er>.]</ety>

<def>Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant

images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of

treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock

gravity; jocular; ironical.</def>



<q>It is a dispute among the critics, whether

<qex>burlesque</qex> poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that

of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque

satire.</def>



<q><qex>Burlesque</qex> is therefore of two kinds; the first

represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other

describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among

the people.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ironical or satirical composition intended to

excite laughter, or to ridicule anything.</def>



<q>The dull <qex>burlesque</qex> appeared with impudence,

And pleased by novelty in spite of sense.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty;

a gross perversion.</def>



<q>Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to,

national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and

disgust from such a profane <qex>burlesque</qex> and abominable

perversion of that sacred institute?</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.</syn>



<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burlesqued</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Burlesquing</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <def>To ridicule, or to make ludicrous

by grotesque representation in action or in language.</def>



<q>They <qex>burlesqued</qex> the prophet Jeremiah's words, and

turned the expression he used into ridicule.</q>

<qau>Stillingfleet.</qau>



<hw>Bur*lesque"</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To employ

burlesque.</def>



<hw>Bur*les"quer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

burlesques.</def>



<-- p. 194 -->



<hw>\'d8Bur*let"ta</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[It.,

dim. of <ets>burla</ets> mockery. See <er>Burlesque</er>,

<pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <fld>(Mus.)</fld> <def>A comic operetta; a

music farce.</def>



<au>Byron.</au>



<hw>Bur"li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Quality of

being burly.</def>



<hw>Bur"ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burlich</ets> strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a

lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf.

<er>Bower</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Having a large, strong,

or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used chiefly of human beings,

but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful,

and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky.</def>

\'bd<xex>Burly</xex> sacks.\'b8



<au>Drayton.</au>



<q>In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat

corpulent and <qex>burly</qex>.</q>

<qau>Sir T. More.</qau>



<q><qex>Burly</qex> and big, and studious of his ease.</q>

<qau>Cowper.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Coarse and rough; boisterous.</def>



<q>It was the orator's own <qex>burly</qex> way of nonsense.</q>

<qau>Cowley.</qau>



<hw>Bur"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Burmans</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[\'bdThe softened

modern <xex>M'yan-ma</xex>, <xex>M'yan-ma</xex> [native name] is

the source of the European corruption <xex>Burma</xex>.\'b8

<au>Balfour</au>.]</ety>, <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>A member of

the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also,

sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese.</def> --

<def2><pos>a.</pos> <def> Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to

Burmah.</def></def2>



<hw>Bur" mar"i*gold</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <er>Beggar's

ticks</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur`mese"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.

sing. & pl.</pos> <def>A native or the natives of Burmah. Also

(<singf>sing</singf>.), the language of the Burmans.</def></def2>



<hw>Burn</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burned</er> (<?/) or

<er>Burnt</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Burning</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>bernen</ets>,

<ets>brennen</ets>, v.t., early confused with <ets>beornen</ets>,

<ets>birnen</ets>, v.i., AS. <ets>b\'91rnan</ets>,

<ets>bernan</ets>, v.t., <ets>birnan</ets>, v.i.; akin to OS.

<ets>brinnan</ets>, OFries. <ets>barna</ets>, <ets>berna</ets>,

OHG. <ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brennan</ets>, G.

<ets>brennen</ets>, OD. <ets>bernen</ets>, D. <ets>branden</ets>,

Dan. <ets>br\'91nde</ets>, Sw. <ets>br\'84nna</ets>,

<ets>brinna</ets>, Icel. <ets>brenna</ets>, Goth.

<ets>brinnan</ets>, <ets>brannjan</ets> (in comp.), and possibly

to E. <ets>fervent</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To consume with

fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; --

frequently intensified by <xex>up</xex>: as, to <xex>burn</xex>

up wood.</def> \'bdWe'll <xex>burn</xex> his body in the holy

place.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To injure by fire or heat; to change

destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure

to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to

char; to sear; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> steel in forging; to

<ex>burn</ex> one's face in the sun; the sun <ex>burns</ex> the

grass.</as></def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit

to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to

destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to

fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum,

product, or effect; to bake; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> clay in

making bricks or pottery; to <ex>burn</ex> wood so as to produce

charcoal; to <ex>burn</ex> limestone for the lime.</as></def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>To make or produce, as an effect or result, by

the application of fire or heat; <as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> a hole;

to <ex>burn</ex> charcoal; to <ex>burn</ex> letters into a

block.</as></def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>To consume, injure, or change the condition of,

as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does;

<as>as, to <ex>burn</ex> the mouth with pepper</as>.</def>



<q>This tyrant fever <qex>burns</qex> me up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>This dry sorrow <qex>burns</qex> up all my tears.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the

mountains, and <qex>burneth</qex> the wilderness, and consumeth

the <?/<?/ass as fire.</q>

<qau>Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Surg.)</fld> <def>To apply a cautery to; to

cauterize.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To cause to combine with

oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume;

to oxidize; <as>as, a man <ex>burns</ex> a certain amount of

carbon at each respiration; to <ex>burn</ex> iron in

oxygen.</as></def>



<cs><mcol><col>To burn</col>, <col>To burn together</col></mcol>,

<cd>as two surfaces of metal <fld>(Engin.)</fld>, to fuse and

unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a

liquid state.</cd> -- <col>To burn a bowl</col> <fld>(Game of

Bowls)<fld>, <cd>to displace it accidentally, the bowl so

displaced being said to be <xex>burned<xex>.</cd> -- <col>To burn

daylight</col>, <cd>to light candles before it is dark; to waste

time; to perform superfluous actions. <au>Shak</au>.</cd> --

<col>To burn one's fingers</col>, <cd>to get one's self into

unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others,

speculation, etc.</cd> -- <col>To burn out</col>, <cd>to destroy

or obliterate by burning.</cd>  \'bdMust you with hot irons

<xex>burn out<xex> mine eyes?\'b8 <au>Shak</au>. -- <col>To be

burned out</col>, <cd>to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of

one's house, store, or shop, with the contents.</cd> --

<mcol><col>To burn up</col>, <col>To burn down</col></mcol>,

<cd>to burn entirely.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burn</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To be of fire;

to flame.</def> \'bdThe mount <xex>burned</xex> with fire.\'b8



<au>Deut. ix. 15.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of

heat.</def>



<q>Your meat doth <qex>burn</qex>, quoth I.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To have a condition, quality, appearance,

sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to

act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively

emotion or strong desire; <as>as, the face <ex>burns</ex>; to

<ex>burn</ex> with fever.</as></def>



<q>Did not our heart <qex>burn</qex> within us, while he talked

with us by the way?</q>

<qau>Luke xxiv. 32.</qau>



<q>The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,

<qex>Burned</qex> on the water.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q><qex>Burning</qex> with high hope.</q>

<qau>Byron.</qau>



<q>The groan still deepens, and the combat <qex>burns</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>The parching air

<qex>Burns</qex> frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>To combine energetically,

with evolution of heat; <as>as, copper <ex>burns</ex> in

chlorine</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>In certain games, to approach near to a

concealed object which is sought.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<cs><col>To burn out</col>, <cd>to burn till the fuel is

exhausted.</cd> -- <mcol><col>To burn up</col>, <col>To burn

down</col></mcol>, <cd>to be entirely consumed.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A hurt, injury, or

effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The operation or result of burning or baking, as

in brickmaking; <as>as, they have a good

<ex>burn</ex></as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A disease in vegetables. See <er>Brand</er>,

<pos>n.</pos>, 6.</def>



<hw>Burn</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>Bourn</er>.]</ety>

<def>A small stream.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>Burn"a*ble</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Combustible.</def>



<au>Cotgrave.</au>



<hw>Burned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burnt</er>.</def>



<hw>Burned</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p.</pos>

<def>Burnished.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>Burn"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>One

who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the

flame is produced.</def>



<cs><col>Bunsen's burner</col> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of

burner, invented by Professor <xex>Bunsen<xex> of Heidelberg,

consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length,

having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom.

Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of

gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly

luminous but intensely hot flame.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Argand

burner</col>, <col>Rose burner</col></mcol>, <cd>etc. See under

<er>Argand</er>, <er>Rose</er>, etc.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"net</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burnet</ets> burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being

named from its color), fr. F. <ets>brunet</ets>, dim. of

<ets>brun</ets> brown; cf. OF. <ets>brunete</ets> a sort of

flower. See <er>Brunette</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of perennial herbs (<spn>Poterium</spn>); especially,

<xex>P</xex>.<xex>Sanguisorba</xex>, the common, or garden,

burnet.</def>



<cs><col>Burnet moth</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>in England,

a handsome moth (<spn>Zyg\'91na filipendula</spn>), with crimson

spots on the wings.</cd> -- <col>Burnet saxifrage</col>.

<cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> See <er>Saxifrage</er>.</cd> --

<col>Canadian burnet</col>, <cd>a marsh plant (<spn>Poterium

Canadensis</spn>).</cd> -- <mcol><col>Great burnet</col>,

<col>Wild burnet</col></mcol>, <cd><spn>Poterium (or Sanguisorba)

oficinalis</spn>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"nett*ize</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burnettized</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n</pos>.

<er>Burnettizing</er>.]</wordforms> <fld>(Manuf.)</fld> <def>To

subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a

solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process

invented by Sir William <ets>Burnett</ets>.</def>



<hw>Burn"ie</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 4th

<er>Burn</er>.]</ety> <def>A small brook.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<au>Burns.</au>



<hw>Bur"nie*bee`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

ladybird.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Burn"ing</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That burns;

being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting;

vehement; powerful; <as>as, <ex>burning</ex> zeal</as>.</def>



<q>Like a young hound upon a <qex>burning</qex> scent.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<cs><col>Burning bush</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>an ornamental

shrub (<spn>Euonymus atropurpureus</spn>), bearing a crimson

berry.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burn"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The act of consuming by

fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the

state of being on fire or excessively heated.</def>



<cs><col>Burning fluid</col>, <cd>any volatile illuminating oil,

as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of

turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with

alcohol.</cd> -- <col>Burning glass</col>, <cd>a conxex lens of

considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by

converging the sun's rays to a focus.</cd> -- <col>Burning

house</col> <fld>(Metal.)</fld>, <cd>the furnace in which tin

ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the

pyrites. <xex>Weale<xex>.</cd> -- <col>Burning mirror</col>,

<cd>a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for

the same purpose as a burning glass.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.</syn>



<hw>Bur"nish</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burnished</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Burnishing</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>burnischen</ets>, <ets>burnissen</ets>, <ets>burnen</ets>,

OF. <ets>burnir</ets>, <ets>brunir</ets>, to make brown, polish,

F. <ets>brunir</ets>, fr. F. <ets>brun</ets> brown, fr. OHG.

<ets>br<?/n</ets>; cf. MHG. <ets>briunen</ets> to make brown,

polish. See <er>Brown</er>, <pos>a.</pos>]</ety> <def>To cause to

shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to

polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; <as>as, to

<ex>burnish</ex> brass or paper</as>.</def>



<q>The frame of <qex>burnished</qex> steel, that east a glare

From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>Now the village windows blaze,

<qex>Burnished</qex> by the setting sun.</q>

<qau>Cunningham.</qau>



<cs><col>Burnishing machine</col>, <cd>a machine for smoothing

and polishing by compression, as in making paper

collars.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"nish</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To shine forth; to

brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or

filling out; hence, to grow large.</def>



<q>A slender poet must have time to grow,

And spread and <qex>burnish</qex> as his brothers do.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q>My thoughts began to <qex>burnish</qex>, sprout, and

swell.</q>

<qau>Herbert.</qau>



<hw>Bur"nish</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The effect of burnishing;

gloss; brightness; luster.</def>



<au>Crashaw.</au>



<hw>Bur"nish*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who burnishes.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or

surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or

polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to

special uses.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bur"noose</hw>, <hw>Bur"nous</hw>  }</mhw>

<pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Ar. <ets>burnus</ets> a kind of

high-crowned cap: cf. F. <ets>bournous</ets>, <ets>burnous</ets>,

Sp. <ets>al-bornoz</ets>, a sort of upper garment, with a hood

attached.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A cloaklike garment and hood

woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A combination cloak and hood worn by

women.</def> <altsp>[Variously written <asp>bournous</asp>,

<asp>bernouse</asp>, <asp>bornous</asp>, etc.]</altsp>



<hw>Burn"stic`kle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A stickleback (<spn>Gasterosteus

aculeatus</spn>).</def>



<hw>Burnt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p. p. & a.</pos> <def>Consumed

with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat;

baked or hardened in the fire or the sun.</def>



<cs><col>Burnt ear</col>, <cd>a black, powdery fungus which

destroys grain. See <er>Smut</er>.</cd> -- <col>Burnt

offering</col>, <cd>something offered and burnt on an altar, as

an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were

a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some

vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called

also <altname>burnt sacrifice</altname>.</cd> <au>[2 Sam. xxiv.

22.]</au></cs>



<hw>Burr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bur</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A prickly

seed vessel. See <er>Bur</er>, 1.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting

or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also,

the rough neck left on a bullet in casting.</def>



<q>The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper,

raises corresponding ridges or <qex>burrs</qex>.</q>

<qau>Tomlinson.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet

by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it

is swaged down.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below

the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The lobe or lap of the ear.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <ety>[Probably of imitative origin.]</ety> <def>A

guttural pronounciation of the letter <xex>r</xex>, produced by

trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part

of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the

<xex>Newcastle</xex>, <xex>Northumberland</xex>, or

<xex>Tweedside</xex>, <xex>burr</xex>.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>The knot at the bottom of an antler. See

<er>Bur</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 8.</def>



<hw>Burr</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burred</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Burring</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur.</def>



<au>Mrs. Browning.</au>



<hw>Bur"rel</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF.

<ets>burel</ets> reddish (cf. <er>Borel</er>, <pos>n.</pos>), or

F. <ets>beurr\'82</ets> butter pear, fr. <ets>beurre</ets>

butter. Cf. <er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <def>A sort of pear, called

also the <altname>red butter pear</altname>, from its smooth,

delicious, soft pulp.</def>



<hw>Bur"rel</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Same as

<er>Borrel</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"rel fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[From its reddish color.

See 1st <er>Burrel</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

botfly or gadfly of cattle (<spn>Hypoderma bovis</spn>). See

<er>Gadfly</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"rel shot`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <ety>[Either from annoying

the enemy like a <ets>burrel fly</ets>, or, less probably, fr. F.

<ets>bourreler</ets> to sting, torture.]</ety> <fld>(Gun.)</fld>

<def>A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc.,

fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Burr"ing ma*chine"</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A machine for

cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.</def>



<hw>Burr" mill"stone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See

<er>Buhrstone</er>.</def>



<hw>Bur"ro</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., an

ass.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A donkey.</def>

<mark>[Southern U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bur"rock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Perh. from

AS. <ets>burg</ets>, <ets>burh</ets>, hill +

<ets>-ock</ets>.]</ety> <def>A small weir or dam in a river to

direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<hw>Bur"row</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>An incorporated town.

See 1st <er>Borough</er>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by

certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Mining)</fld> <def>A heap or heaps of rubbish

or refuse.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A mound. See 3d <er>Barrow</er>, and

<er>Camp</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 5.</def>



<hw>Bur"row</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Burrowed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Burrowing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole

excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or

concealed place; to hide.</def>



<q>Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into

day upon one point, are sure to <qex>burrow</qex> in another.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<cs><col>Burrowing owl</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small

owl of the western part of North America (<spn>Speotyto

cunicularia</spn>), which lives in holes, often in company with

the prairie dog.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bur"row*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and

lives in it.</def>



<hw>Burr"stone`</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Buhrstone</er>.</def>



<hw>Burr"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Abounding in

burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; <as>as, <ex>burry</ex>

wool</as>.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bur"sa</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Burs\'91</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[L. See

<er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Anat.)</fld> <def>Any sac or saclike

cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces,

often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons

and bony prominences.</def>



<hw>Bur"sal</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Anat.)</fld>

<def>Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs\'91.</def>



<hw>Bur"sar</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bursarius</ets>, fr. <ets>bursa</ets> purse. See

<er>Burse</er>, and cf. <er>Purser</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; <as>as, the

<ex>bursar</ex> of a college, or of a monastery</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid

for his complete or partial support.</def>



<hw>Bur"sar*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

bursar.</def>



<hw>Bur"sa*ry</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>-ries</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bursaria</ets>. See <er>Bursar</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>The treasury of a college or monastery.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A scholarship or charitable foundation in a

university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to

pursue his studies.</def> \'bdNo woman of rank or fortune but

would have a <xex>bursary</xex> in her gift.\'b8



<au>Southey.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bursch</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Burschen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[G., ultimately fr.

LL. <ets>bursa</ets>. See <er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <def>A youth;

especially, a student in a german university.</def>



<hw>Burse</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bursa</ets>, or F. <ets>bourse</ets>. See <er>Bourse</er>,

and cf. <er>Bursch</er>, <er>Purse</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Holland.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A fund or foundation for the maintenance of

needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the

beneficiaries.</def> <mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Eccl.)</fld> <def>An ornamental case of hold

the corporal when not in use.</def>



<au>Shipley.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the

cities of continental Europe. Same as <er>Bourse</er>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A kind of bazaar.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>She says she went to the <qex>burse</qex> for patterns.</q>

<qau>Old Play.</qau>



<hw>Bur*sic"u*late</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Burse</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Bursiform.</def>



<hw>Bur"si*form</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[LL.

<ets>bursa</ets> purse + <ets>-form</ets>.]</ety> <def>Shaped

like a purse.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bur*si"tis</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[NL.,

fr. E. <ets>bursa</ets> + <ets>-itis</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Med.)</fld> <def>Inflammation of a bursa.</def>



<hw>Burst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Burst</er>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb. n.</pos> <er>Bursting</er>. The past participle

<pos>bursten</pos> is obsolete.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bersten</ets>, <ets>bresten</ets>, AS. <ets>berstan</ets>

(pers. sing. <ets>berste</ets>, imp. sing. <ets>b\'91rst</ets>,

imp. pl. <ets>burston</ets>, p.p. <ets>borsten</ets>); akin to D.

<ets>bersten</ets>, G. <ets>bersten</ets>, OHG.

<ets>brestan</ets>, OS. <ets>brestan</ets>, Icel.

<ets>bresta</ets>, Sw. <ets>brista</ets>, Dan. <ets>briste</ets>.

Cf. <er>Brast</er>, <er>Break</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or

pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force,

or to pressure from within; to explode; <as>as, the boiler had

<ex>burst</ex>; the buds will <ex>burst</ex> in

spring.</as></def>



<q>From the egg that soon

<qex>Bursting</qex> with kindly rupture, forth disclosed

Their callow young.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<note>Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a

surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc.</note>



<q>No, no, my heart will <qex>burst</qex>, an if I speak:

And I will speak, that so my heart may <qex>burst</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To exert force or pressure by which something is

made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or

limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or

unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some

qualifying adverb or preposition, as <xex>forth</xex>,

<xex>out</xex>, <xex>away</xex>, <xex>into</xex>,

<xex>upon</xex>, <xex>through</xex>, etc.</def>



<q>Tears, such as angels weep, <qex>burst</qex> forth.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>And now you <qex>burst</qex> (ah cruel!) from my arms.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<q>A resolved villain

Whose bowels suddenly <qex>burst</qex> out.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>We were the first that ever <qex>burst</qex>

Into that silent sea.</q>

<qau>Coleridge.</qau>



<q>To <qex>burst</qex> upon him like an earthquake.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<-- p. 195 -->



<hw>Burst</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or

pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; <as>as, to

<ex>burst</ex> a cannon; to <ex>burst</ex> a blood vessel; to

<ex>burst</ex> open the doors.</as></def>



<q>My breast I'll <qex>burst</qex> with straining of my

courage.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To break.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>You will not pay for the glasses you have

<qex>burst</qex>?</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>He <qex>burst</qex> his lance against the sand below.</q>

<qau>Fairfax (Tasso).</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To produce as an effect of bursting; <as>as, to

<ex>burst</ex> a hole through the wall</as>.</def>



<cs><col>Bursting charge</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Charge</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>Burst</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A sudden breaking

forth; a violent rending; an explosion; <as>as, a <ex>burst</ex>

of thunder; a <ex>burst</ex> of applause; a <ex>burst</ex> of

passion; a <ex>burst</ex> of inspiration.</as></def>



<q><qex>Bursts</qex> of fox-hunting melody.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt;

<as>as, a <ex>burst</ex> of speed</as>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an

expanse.</def> <mark>[R.]</mark> \'bdA fine <xex>burst</xex> of

country.\'b8



<au>Jane Austen.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A rupture of hernia; a breach.</def>



<hw>Burst"en</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <def><pos>p. p.</pos> of

<er>Burst</er>, <pos>v. i.</pos></def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Burst"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One that

bursts.</def>



<hw>Burst"wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant (<spn>Herniaria glabra</spn>)

supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.</def>



<hw>Burt</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>

<def>See <er>Birt</er>.</def> <mark>[Prov. Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bur"then</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n. & v. t.</pos> <def>See

<er>Burden</er>.</def> <mark>[Archaic]</mark>



<hw>Bur"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OE. &

Prov. E. <ets>bort</ets> to press or indent anything.]</ety>

<fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more

blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in

the bight of the running part.</def>



<hw>Bur"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st

<er>Borough</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A borough; a manor;

<as>as, the <ex>Bury</ex> of St. Edmond's</as></def>; --

<note>used as a termination of names of places; <as>as,

Canter<ex>bury</ex>, Shrews<ex>bury</ex></as>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A manor house; a castle.</def> <mark>[Prov.

Eng.]</mark>



<q>To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's

seat, is called <qex>bury</qex>, in some parts of England.</q>

<qau>Miege.</qau>



<hw>Bur"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Buried</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Burying</er>

<pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>burien</ets>,

<ets>birien</ets>, <ets>berien</ets>, AS. <ets>byrgan</ets>; akin

to <ets>beorgan</ets> to protect, OHG. <ets>bergan</ets>, G.

<ets>bergen</ets>, Icel. <ets>bjarga</ets>, Sw. <ets>berga</ets>,

Dan. <ets>bierge</ets>, <ets>Goth</ets>. <ets>ba\'a1rgan</ets>.

<root/95. Cf. <er>Burrow</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover

out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing

within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to

hide; <as>as, to <ex>bury</ex> coals in ashes; to <ex>bury</ex>

the face in the hands.</as></def>



<q>And all their confidence

Under the weight of mountains <qex>buried</qex> deep.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body

of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to

deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies;

to inter; to inhume.</def>



<q>Lord, suffer me first to go and <qex>bury</qex> my father.</q>

<qau>Matt. viii. 21.</qau>



<q>I'll <qex>bury</qex> thee in a triumphant grave.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to

abandon; <as>as, to <ex>bury</ex> strife</as>.</def>



<q>Give me a bowl of wine

In this I <qex>bury</qex> all unkindness, Cassius.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>Burying beetle</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the

general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe

<spn>Necrophaga</spn>; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their

habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth

beneath them. The larv\'91 feed upon decaying flesh, and are

useful scavengers.</cd> -- <col>To bury the hatchet</col>, <cd>to

lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; -- a phrase

used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American

Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a

peace.</cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover;

conceal; overwhelm; repress.</syn>



<mhw>{ <hw>Bur"y*ing ground`</hw>, <hw>Bur"y*ing place</hw> 

}</mhw>. <def>The ground or place for burying the dead; burial

place.</def>



<hw>Bus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviated from

omni<ets>bus</ets>.]</ety> <def>An omnibus.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<hw>Bus"by</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Busbies</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <fld>(Mil.)</fld> <def>A

military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of

fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the

regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bus"con</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Sp., a

searcher, fr. <ets>buscar</ets> to search.]</ety> <def>One who

searches for ores; a prospector.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bosch</ets>, <ets>busch</ets>, <ets>buysch</ets>,

<ets>bosk</ets>, <ets>busk</ets>; akin to D. <ets>bosch</ets>,

OHG. <ets>busc</ets>, G. <ets>busch</ets>, Icel.

<ets>b<?/skr</ets>, <ets>b<?/ski</ets>, Dan. <ets>busk</ets>, Sw.

<ets>buske</ets>, and also to LL. <ets>boscus</ets>,

<ets>buscus</ets>, Pr. <ets>bosc</ets>, It. <ets>bosco</ets>, Sp.

& Pg. <ets>bosque</ets>, F. <ets>bois</ets>, OF. <ets>bos</ets>.

Whether the LL. or G. form i<?/ the original is uncertain; if the

LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. <ets>box</ets> a

case. Cf. <er>Ambush</er>, <er>Boscage</er>, <er>Bouquet</er>,

<er>Box</er> a case.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thicket, or place

abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.</def>



<note><hand/ This was the original sense of the word, as in the

Dutch <xex>bosch</xex>, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In

this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies,

especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and

Canada; as, to live or settle in the <xex>bush</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from

or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.</def>



<q>To bind a <qex>bush</qex> of thorns among sweet-smelling

flowers.</q>

<qau>Gascoigne.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a

tree; <as>as, <ex>bushes</ex> to support pea vines</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as

sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern

sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern

itself.</def>



<q>If it be true that good wine needs no <qex>bush</qex>, 't is

true that a good play needs no epilogue.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <fld>(Hunting)</fld> <def>The tail, or brush, of a

fox.</def>



<cs><col>To beat about the bush</col>, <cd>to approach anything

in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; -- a

metaphor taken from hunting.</cd> -- <col>Bush bean</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of bean which is low and

requires no support (<spn>Phaseolus vulgaris</spn>, variety

<spn>nanus</spn>). See <er>Bean</er>, 1.</cd> -- <mcol><col>Bush

buck</col>, <or/ <col>Bush goat</col></mcol>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a beautiful South African antelope

(<spn>Tragelaphus sylvaticus</spn>); -- so called because found

mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other

species.</cd> -- <col>Bush cat</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>the serval. See <er>Serval</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bush chat</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a bird of the genus

<spn>Pratincola</spn>, of the Thrush family.</cd> -- <col>Bush

dog</col>. <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <cd>See <er>Potto</er>.</cd> --

<col>Bush hammer</col>. <cd>See <er>Bushhammer</er> in the

Vocabulary.</cd> -- <col>Bush harrow</col> <fld>(Agric.)</fld>

<cd>See under <er>Harrow</er>.</cd> -- <col>Bush hog</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a South African wild hog

(<spn>Potamoch\'d2rus Africanus</spn>); -- called also

<altname>bush pig</altname>, and <altname>water

hog</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bush master</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a venomous snake (<spn>Lachesis

mutus</spn>) of Guinea; -- called also

<altname>surucucu</altname>.</cd> -- <col>Bush pea</col>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a variety of pea that needs to be

bushed.</cd> -- <col>Bush shrike</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a bird of the genus <spn>Thamnophilus</spn>, and allied

genera; -- called also <altname>batarg</altname>. Many species

inhabit tropical America.</cd> -- <col>Bush tit</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a small bird of the genus

<spn>Psaltriparus</spn>, allied to the titmouse. <spn>P.

minimus</spn> inhabits California.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bush</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To branch

thickly in the manner of a bush.</def> \'bdThe <xex>bushing</xex>

alders.\'b8



<au>Pope.</au>



<hw>Bush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Bushed</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb.n</pos>.

<er>Bushing</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To set bushes

for; to support with bushes; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex>

peas</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering

seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex> a

piece of land; to <ex>bush</ex> seeds into the ground.</as></def>



<hw>Bush</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[D. <ets>bus</ets> a box, akin

to E. <ets>box</ets>; or F. <ets>boucher</ets> to plug.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A lining for a hole to make

it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a

plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot

or arbor.</def>



<au>Knight.</au>



<note><hand/ In the larger machines, such a piece is called a

<xex>box</xex>, particularly in the United States.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Gun.)</fld> <def>A piece of copper, screwed

into a gun, through which the venthole is bored.</def>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Bush</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To furnish with a bush, or

lining; <as>as, to <ex>bush</ex> a pivot hole</as>.</def>



<hw>Bush"boy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bushman</er>.</def>



<hw>Bush"el</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buschel</ets>, <ets>boischel</ets>, OF. <ets>boissel</ets>,

<ets>bussel</ets>, <ets>boistel</ets>, F. <ets>boisseau</ets>,

LL. <ets>bustellus</ets>; dim. of <ets>bustia</ets>,

<ets>buxida</ets> (OF. <ets>boiste</ets>), fr. <ets>pyxida</ets>,

acc. of L. <ets>pyxis</ets> box, Gr. <?/. Cf.

<er>Box</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A dry measure, containing

four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts.</def>



<note><hand/ The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England,

contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder

18<?/ inches in internal diameter and eight inches in depth. The

standard bushel measures, prepared by the United States

Government and distributed to the States, hold each 77.6274

pounds of distilled water, at 39.8\'f8 Fahr. and 30 inches

atmospheric pressure, being the equivalent of the Winchester

bushel. The imperial bushel now in use in England is larger than

the Winchester bushel, containing 2218.2 cubic inches, or 80

pounds of water at 62\'f8 Fahr.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in

measuring; a bushel measure.</def>



<q>Is a candle brought to be put under a <qex>bushel</qex>, or

under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick?</q>

<qau>Mark iv. 21.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A quantity that fills a bushel measure; <as>as,

a heap containing ten <ex>bushels</ex> of apples</as>.</def>



<note><hand/ In the United States a large number of articles,

bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the

number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law

or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc.,

heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel.</note>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A large indefinite quantity.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<q>The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with

<qex>bushels</qex> of gold, without counting the weight or the

number of the pieces.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>The iron lining in the nave of a wheel.

<mark>[Eng.]</mark> In the United States it is called a

<xex>box</xex>. See 4th <er>Bush</er>.</def>



<hw>Bush"el*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A duty

payable on commodities by the bushel.</def> <mark>[Eng.]</mark>



<hw>Bush"el*man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A tailor's

assistant for repairing garments; -- called also

<altname>busheler</altname>.</def> <mark>[Local, U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bush"et</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bosket</er>.]</ety> <def>A small bush.</def>



<hw>Bush"fight`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One

accustomed to bushfighting.</def>



<au>Parkman.</au>



<hw>Bush"fight`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Fighting

in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets.</def>



<hw>Bush"ham`mer</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A hammer

with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal

points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a

number of rows of such points; -- used for dressing stone.</def>



<hw>Bush"ham`mer</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To dress with

bushhammer; <as>as, to <ex>bushhammer</ex> a block of

granite</as>.</def>



<hw>Bush"i*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The

condition or quality of being bushy.</def>



<hw>Bush"ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 4th

<er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The operation of fitting

bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be

received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <def>A bush or lining; --

sometimes called <xex><?/ thimble</xex>. See 4th

<er>Bush</er>.</def>



<hw>Bush"less</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Free from

bushes; bare.</def>



<q>O'er the long backs of the <qex>bushless</qex> downs.</q>

<qau>Tennyson.</qau>



<hw>Bush"man</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bushmen</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Cf. D.

<ets>boschman</ets>, <ets>boschjesman</ets>. See 1st

<er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A woodsman; a settler in

the bush.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Ethnol.)</fld> <def>One of a race of South

African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not

classified as allied in race or language to any other

people.</def>



<hw>Bush"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>busshement</ets> ambush, fr. <ets>bush</ets>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A thicket; a cluster of bushes.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Raleigh.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An ambuscade.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Sir T. More.</au>



<hw>Bush"ran`ger</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an

escaped criminal living in the bush.</def>



<hw>Bush"whack`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One accustomed to beat about, or travel through,

bushes.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<q>They were gallant <qex>bushwhackers</qex>, and hunters of

raccoons by moonlight.</q>

<qau>W. Irving.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who

pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a

hostile force or its sympathizers.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<au>Farrow.</au>



<hw>Bush"whack`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the

bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a

stream.</def> <mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<au>T. Flint.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>Bush"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From 1st

<er>Bush</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Thick and spreading, like

a bush.</def> \'bd<xex>Bushy</xex> eyebrows.\'b8



<au>Irving.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs.</def>



<q>Dingle, or <qex>bushy</qex> dell, of this wild wood.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<hw>Bus"i*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a busy

manner.</def>



<hw>Busi"ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Businesses</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[From

<er>Busy</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>That which busies one, or

that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as

his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or

shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; <as>as,

the <ex>business</ex> of life; <ex>business</ex> before

pleasure.</as></def>



<q>Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's

<qex>business</qex>?</q>

<qau>Luke ii. 49.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any particular occupation or employment engaged

in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a

profession.</def> \'bdThe <xex>business</xex> of instruction.\'b8



<au>Prescott.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic

in general; mercantile transactions.</def>



<q>It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any

degree of reputation for their knowledge of

<qex>business</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bp. Popteus.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>That which one has to do or should do; special

service, duty, or mission.</def>



<q>The daughter of the King of France,

On serious <qex>business</qex>, craving quick despatch,

Importunes personal conference.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>What <qex>business</qex> has the tortoise among the

clouds?</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Affair; concern; matter; -- used in an

indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words.</def>



<q>It was a gentle <qex>business</qex>, and becoming

The action of good women.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Bestow

Your needful counsel to our <qex>business</qex>.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <fld>(Drama)</fld> <def>The position, distribution,

and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as

determined by the stage manager in rehearsal.</def>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>Care; anxiety; diligence.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<cs><col>To do one's business</col>, <cd>to ruin one.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark> <au>Wycherley</au>.</cd> -- <col>To make

(a thing) one's business</col>, <cd>to occupy one's self with a

thing as a special charge or duty.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> --

<col>To mean business</col></mcol>, <cd>to be earnest.

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark></cd></cs>



<syn>Syn. -- Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement;

employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation;

office; duty.</syn>



<hw>Busi"ness*like`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>In the

manner of one transacting business wisely and by right

methods.</def>



<hw>Busk</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>busc</ets>, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E.

<ets>bois</ets> wood, because the first busks were made of wood.

See <er>Bush</er>, and cf. OF. <ets>busche</ets>, F.

<ets>b\'96che</ets>, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same

root.]</ety> <def>A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone,

wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset.</def>



<q>Her long slit sleeves, stiff <qex>busk</qex>, puff verdingall,

Is all that makes her thus angelical.</q>

<qau>Marston.</qau>



<hw>Busk</hw>, <pos>v. t. & i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Busked</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>busken</ets>, fr. Icel. <ets>b<?/ask</ets> to make one's

self ready, rexlexive of <ets>b<?/a</ets> to prepare, dwell. Cf.

8th <er>Bound</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To prepare; to make

ready; to array; to dress.</def> <mark>[Scot. & Old Eng.]</mark>



<q><qex>Busk</qex> you, <qex>busk</qex> you, my bonny, bonny

bride.</q>

<qau>Hamilton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To go; to direct one's course.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Ye might have <qex>busked</qex> you to Huntly banks.</q>

<qau>Skelton.</qau>



<hw>Busked</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Wearing a

busk.</def>



<au>Pollok.</au>



<hw>Bus"ket</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Bosket</er>, <er>Bouquet</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Spenser.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A part of a garden devoted to shrubs.</def>

<mark>[R.]</mark>



<hw>Bus"kin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Prob. from OF.

<ets>brossequin</ets>, or D. <ets>broosken</ets>. See

<er>Brodekin</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A strong, protecting

covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg.</def>



<q>The hunted red deer's undressed hide

Their hairy <qex>buskins</qex> well supplied.</q>

<qau>Sir W. Scott.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A similar covering for the foot and leg, made

with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the

stature; -- worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome.

Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as

distinguished from comedy.</def>



<q>Great Fletcher never treads in <qex>buskins</qex> here,

No greater Jonson dares in socks appear.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Bus"kined</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Wearing buskins.</def>



<q>Her <qex>buskined</qex> virgins traced the dewy lawn.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy.</def>

\'bdThe <xex>buskined</xex> stage.\'b8



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Bus"ky</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bosky</er>, and 1st <er>Bush</er>, <pos>n.</pos></def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Buss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>basse</ets>, fr. L. <ets>basium</ets>; cf. G. <ets>bus</ets>

(<ets>Luther</ets>), Prov. G. <ets>busserl</ets>, dim. of

<ets>bus</ets> kiss, <ets>bussen</ets> to kiss, Sw.

<ets>puss</ets> kiss, <ets>pussa</ets> to kiss, W. & Gael.

<ets>bus</ets> lip, mouth.]</ety> <def>A kiss; a rude or playful

kiss; a smack.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<-- p. 196 -->



<hw>Buss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bussed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Bussing</er>.]</wordforms> <def>To

kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely.</def> \'bdNor

<xex>bussed</xex> the milking maid.\'b8



<au>Tennyson.</au>



<q>Kissing and <qex>bussing</qex> differ both in this,

We <qex>buss</qex> our wantons, but our wives we kiss.</q>

<qau>Herrick.</qau>



<hw>Buss</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. OF. <ets>busse</ets>, Pr.

<ets>bus</ets>, LL. <ets>bussa</ets>, <ets>busa</ets>, G.

<ets>b\'81se</ets>, D. <ets>buis</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>

<def>A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; -- used

in the herring fishery.</def>



<q>The Dutch whalers and herring <qex>busses</qex>.</q>

<qau>Macaulay.</qau>



<hw>Bust</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F.

<ets>buste</ets>, fr. It. <ets>busto</ets>; cf. LL.

<ets>busta</ets>, <ets>bustula</ets>, box, of the same origin as

E. <ets>box</ets> a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E.

<ets>chest</ets>. See <er>Bushel</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human

figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast.</def>



<q>Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust

The faithless column, and the crumbling <qex>bust</qex>.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The portion of the human figure included between

the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the

chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.</def>



<hw>Bus"tard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OF. & Prov.

F. <ets>bistarde</ets>, F. <ets>outarde</ets>, from L. <ets>avis

tarda</ets>, lit., slow bird. <au>Plin</au>. 10, 22;

\'bdproxim\'91 iis sunt, quas Hispania <ets>aves tardas</ets>

appellat, Gr\'91cia <?/.\'b8]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A

bird of the genus <spn>Otis</spn>.</def>



<note><hand/ The <xex>great</xex> or <stype>bearded

bustard</stype> (<spn>Otis tarda</spn>) is the largest game bird

in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia,

and was formerly common in Great Britain. The <stype>little

bustard</stype> (<spn>O. tetrax</spn>) inhabits eastern Europe

and Morocco. Many other species are known in Asia and

Africa.</note>



<hw>Bus"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something huge;

a roistering blade; also, a spree.</def> <mark>[Slang,

U.S.]</mark>



<au>Bartlett.</au>



<hw>Bus"tle</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Bustled</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr.</pos> & <pos>vb</pos>.<pos>n.</pos> <er>Bustling</er>

(<?/).]</wordforms> <ety>[Cf. OE. <ets>buskle</ets>, perh. fr.

AS. <ets>bysig</ets> busy, <ets>bysg-ian</ets> to busy + the

verbal termination -<ets>le</ets>; or Icel. <ets>bustla</ets> to

splash, bustle.]</ety> <def>To move noisily; to be rudely active;

to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; <as>as, to

bustle through a crowd</as>.</def>



<q>And leave the world for me to <qex>bustle</qex> in.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bus"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Great stir; agitation;

tumult from stirring or excitement.</def>



<q>A strange <qex>bustle</qex> and disturbance in the world.</q>

<qau>South.</qau>



<hw>Bus"tle</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind of pad or cushion

worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to

the skirts; -- called also <altname>bishop</altname>, and

<altname>tournure</altname>.</def>

<-- out of fashion by the 1900's -->



<hw>Bus"tler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An active,

stirring person.</def>



<hw>Bus"tling</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Agitated;

noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; <as>as, a

<ex>bustling</ex> crowd</as>.</def> \'bdA <xex>bustling</xex>

wharf.\'b8



<au>Hawthorne.</au>



<hw>\'d8Bus"to</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bustoes</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>/plu. <ety>[It.]</ety> <def>A

bust; a statue.</def>



<q>With some antick <qex>bustoes</qex> in the niches.</q>

<qau>Ashmole.</qau>



<hw>Bus"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>busi</ets>, <ets>bisi</ets>, AS. <ets>bysig</ets>; akin to

D. <ets>bezig</ets>, LG. <ets>besig</ets>; cf. Skr.

<ets>bh<?/sh</ets> to be active, busy.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or

only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle

nor at leisure; <as>as, a <ex>busy</ex> merchant</as>.</def>



<q>Sir, my mistress sends you word

THat she is <qex>busy</qex>, and she can not come.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Constantly at work; diligent; active.</def>



<q><qex>Busy</qex> hammers closing rivets up.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<q>Religious motives . . . are so <qex>busy</qex> in the

heart.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Crowded with business or activities; -- said of

places and times; <as>as, a <ex>busy</ex> street</as>.</def>



<q>To-morrow is a <qex>busy</qex> day.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Officious; meddling; foolish active.</def>



<q>On meddling monkey, or on <qex>busy</qex> ape.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Careful; anxious.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<syn>Syn. -- Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied;

engaged.</syn>



<hw>Bus"y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Busied</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Busying</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[AS. <ets>bysgian</ets>.]</ety> <def>To make or keep busy;

to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; <as>as, to

<ex>busy</ex> one's self with books</as>.</def>



<q>Be it thy course to <qex>busy</qex> giddy minds

With foreign quarrels.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Bus"y*bod`y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Busybodies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <def>One who

officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a

meddling person.</def>



<q>And not only idle, but tattlers also and

<qex>busybodies</qex>, speaking things which they ought not.</q>

<qau>1 Tim. v. 13.</qau>



<hw>But</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos>, <pos>adv.</pos> &

<pos>conj.</pos> <ety>[OE. <ets>bute</ets>, <ets>buten</ets>, AS.

<ets>b<?/tan</ets>, without, on the outside, except, besides;

pref. <ets>be-</ets> + <ets><?/tan</ets> outward, without, fr.

<ets><?/t</ets> out. Primarily, <ets>b<?/tan</ets>, as well as

<ets><?/t</ets>, is an adverb. <root/198. See <er>By</er>,

<er>Out</er>; cf. <er>About</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Except

with; unless with; without.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So insolent that he could not go <qex>but</qex> either

spurning equals or trampling on his inferiors.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<q>Touch not the cat <qex>but</qex> a glove.</q>

<qau>Motto of the Mackintoshes.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Except; besides; save.</def>



<q>Who can it be, ye gods! <qex>but</qex> perjured Lycon?</q>

<qau>E. Smith.</qau>



<note><hand/ In this sense, <xex>but</xex> is often used with

other particles; <as>as, <xex>but for</xex>, without, had it not

been for. \'bdUncreated <xex>but for</xex> love

divine.\'b8</note>



<au>Young.</au>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that;

were it not that; unless; -- elliptical, for <xex>but

that</xex>.</def>



<q>And <qex>but</qex> my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were

enough to put him to ill thinking.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Otherwise than that; that not; -- commonly,

after a negative, with <xex>that</xex>.</def>



<q>It cannot be <qex>but</qex> nature hath some director, of

infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.</q>

<qau>Hooker.</qau>



<q>There is no question <qex>but</qex> the king of Spain will

reform most of the abuses.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Only; solely; merely.</def>



<q>Observe <qex>but</qex> how their own principles combat one

another.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>If they kill us, we shall <qex>but</qex> die.</q>

<qau>2 Kings vii. 4.</qau>



<q>A formidable man <qex>but</qex> to his friends.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet;

still; however; nevertheless; more; further; -- as connective of

sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less

exceptive or adversative; <as>as, the House of Representatives

passed the bill, <ex>but</ex> the Senate dissented; our wants are

many, <ex>but</ex> quite of another kind.</as></def>



<q>Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; <qex>but</qex>

the greatest of these is charity.</q>

<qau>1 Cor. xiii. 13.</qau>



<q>When pride cometh, then cometh shame; <qex>but</qex> with the

lowly is wisdom.</q>

<qau>Prov. xi. 2.</qau>



<cs><col>All but</col>. <cd>See under <er>All</er>.</cd> --

<col>But and if</col>, <cd>but if; an attempt on the part of King

James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and

adversative force of the Greek <?/.</cd></cs>



<q><qex>But and if</qex> that servant say in his heart, My lord

delayeth his coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in

a day when he looketh not for him.</q>

<qau>Luke xii. 45, 46.</qau>



<cs><col>But if</col>, <cd>unless.</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>

<au>Chaucer.</au>



<q>But this I read, that <qex>but if</qex> remedy

Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau></cs>





<syn>Syn. -- <er>But</er>, <er>However</er>,

<er>Still</er>.</syn> <usage> These conjunctions mark

<xex>opposition</xex> in passing from one thought or topic to

another. <xex>But</xex> marks the opposition with a medium degree

of strength; <as>as, this is not winter, <ex>but</ex> it is

almost as cold; he requested my assistance, <xex>but</xex> I

shall not aid him at present. <xex>However</xex> is weaker, and

throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; <as>as,

this is not winter</as>; it is, <xex>however</xex>, almost as

cold; he required my assistance; at present, <xex>however</xex>,

I shall not afford him aid. The plan, <xex>however</xex>, is

still under consideration, and may yet be adopted.

<xex>Still</xex> is stronger than <xex>but</xex>, and marks the

opposition more emphatically; <as>as, your arguments are

weighty</as>; <xex>still</xex> they do not convince me. See

<er>Except</er>, <er>However</er>.</usage>



<note><hand/ \'bdThe chief error with <xex>but</xex> is to use it

where <xex>and</xex> is enough; an error springing from the

tendency to use strong words without sufficient

occasio,.\'b8</note>



<au>Bain.</au>



<hw>But</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf. <er>But</er>,

<ets>prep</ets>., <ets>adv</ets>. & <ets>conj</ets>.]</ety>

<def>The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; --

opposed to <xex>ben</xex>, the inner room.</def>

<mark>[Scot.]</mark>



<hw>But</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[See 1st <er>But</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A limit; a boundary.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the

blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st

<er>Butt</er>.</def>



<cs><col>But end</col>, <cd>the larger or thicker end; as, the

<xex>but end<xex> of a log; the <xex>but end<xex> of a musket.

See <er>Butt</er>, <pos>n.</pos></cd></cs>



<hw>But</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Butted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Butting</er>.]</wordforms> <def>See <er>Butt</er>,

<pos>v.</pos>, and <er>Abut</er>, <pos>v.</pos></def>



<hw>Bu"tane</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>but</ets>yrum butter. See <er>Butter</er>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon,

C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.</def>



<hw>Butch"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bochere</ets>, <ets>bochier</ets>, OF. <ets>bochier</ets>,

F. <ets>boucher</ets>, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF.

<ets>boc</ets>, F. <ets>bouc</ets>, a buck goat; of German or

Celtic origin. See <er>Buck</er> the animal.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn>

<def>One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for

market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for

food.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers,

or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as

in battle.</def> \'bd<xex>Butcher</xex> of an innocent child.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<cs><col>Butcher bird</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a species

of shrike of the genus <spn>Lanius</spn>.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The <spn>Lanius excubitor</spn> is the common

butcher bird of Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes

called the <xex>lesser butcher bird</xex>. The American species

are <spn>L.borealis</spn>, or <xex>northernbutcher bird</xex>,

and <spn>L. Ludovicianus</spn> or <xex>loggerhead shrike</xex>.

The name <xex>butcher bird</xex>is derived from its habit of

suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it.</note>



<cs><col>Butcher's meat</col>, <cd>such flesh of animals

slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as

beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.</cd></cs>



<hw>Butch"er</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Butchered</er> <pr>(<?/)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. &

vb.n</pos>. <er>Butchering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To

kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; <as>as, to

<ex>butcher</ex> hogs</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually

bloody or barbarous manner.</def>



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<q>[Ithocles] was murdered, rather <qex>butchered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<hw>Butch"er*ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

business of a butcher.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The act of slaughtering; the act of killing

cruelly and needlessly.</def>



<q>That dreadful <qex>butchering</qex> of one another.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<hw>Butch"er*li*ness</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Butchery quality.</def>



<hw>Butch"er*ly</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Like a butcher; without

compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell.</def> \'bdThe victim

of a <xex>butcherly</xex> murder.\'b8



<au>D. Webster.</au>



<q>What stratagems, how fell, how <qex>butcherly</qex>,

This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Butch"er's broom`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A

genus of plants (<spn>Ruscus</spn>); esp. <spn>R.

aculeatus</spn>, which has large red berries and leaflike

branches. See <er>Cladophyll</er>.</def>



<hw>Butch"er*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bocherie</ets> shambles, fr. F. <ets>boucherie</ets>. See

<er>Butcher</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The

business of a butcher.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with

unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<q>The perpetration of human <qex>butchery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Prescott.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where

blood is shed.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>Like as an ox is hanged in the <qex>butchery</qex>.</q>

<qau>Fabyan.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Murder; slaughter; carnage. See

<er>Massacre</er>.</syn>



<hw>But"ler</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boteler</ets>, F. <ets>bouteillier</ets> a bottle-bearer, a

cupbearer, fr. LL. <ets>buticularius</ets>, fr.

<ets>buticula</ets> bottle. See <er>Bottle</er> a hollow

vessel.]</ety> <def>An officer in a king's or a nobleman's

household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the

liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house.</def>



<q>The <qex>butler</qex> and the baker of the king of Egypt.</q>

<qau>Gen. xl. 5.</qau>



<q>Your wine locked up, your <qex>butler</qex> strolled

abroad.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<hw>But"ler*age</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(O. Eng.

Law)</fld> <def>A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine

imported into England by merchant strangers; -- so called because

paid to the king's butler for the king.</def>



<au>Blackstone.</au>



<hw>But"ler*ship</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The office of a

butler.</def>



<hw>But"ment</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Abbreviation

of <er>Abutment</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld>

<def>A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which

joins it to the upright pier.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Masonry)</fld> <def>The mass of stone or solid

work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are

sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is

supported.</def>



<cs><col>Butment cheek</col> <fld>(Carp.)</fld>, <cd>the part of

a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the

shoulders of the tenon bear.</cd></cs>



<au>Knight.</au>



<mhw>{ <hw>Butt</hw>, <hw>But</hw>  }</mhw> <pr>(?)</pr>,

<pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>but</ets> butt, aim (cf.

<ets>butte</ets> knoll), or <ets>bout</ets>, OF. <ets>bot</ets>,

end, extremity, fr. <ets>boter</ets>, <ets>buter</ets>, to push,

butt, strike, F. <ets>bouter</ets>; of German origin; cf. OHG.

<ets>b\'d3zan</ets>, akin to E. <ets>beat</ets>. See

<er>Beat</er>, <pos>v. t.</pos>]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A limit;

a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end.</def>



<q>Here is my journey's end, here my <qex>butt</qex>

And very sea mark of my utmost sail.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<note><hand/ As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous

with <xex>mete</xex>, and signifies properly the end line or

boundary; the abuttal.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The thicker end of anything. See

<er>But</er>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A mark to be shot at; a target.</def>



<au>Sir W. Scott.</au>



<q>The groom his fellow groom at <qex>butts</qex> defies,

And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is

directed; <as>as, the <ex>butt</ex> of the company</as>.</def>



<q>I played a sentence or two at my <qex>butt</qex>, which I

thought very smart.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the

head of an animal; <as>as, the <ex>butt</ex> of a ram</as>.</def>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>A thrust in fencing.</def>



<q>To prove who gave the fairer <qex>butt</qex>,

John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.</q>

<qau>Prior.</qau>



<sn>7.</sn> <def>A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a

field.</def>



<q>The hay was growing upon headlands and <qex>butts</qex> in

cornfields.</q>

<qau>Burrill.</qau>



<sn>8.</sn> <fld>(Mech.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> <def>A joint where

the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing

or chamfering; -- also called <xex>butt joint</xex>.</def>

<sd>(b)</sd> <def>The end of a connecting rod or other like

piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and

gib.</def> <sd>(c)</sd> <def>The portion of a half-coupling

fastened to the end of a hose.</def>



<sn>9.</sn> <fld>(Shipbuilding)</fld> <def>The joint where two

planks in a strake meet.</def>



<sn>10.</sn> <fld>(Carp.)</fld> <def>A kind of hinge used in

hanging doors, etc.; -- so named because fastened on the edge of

the door, which <xex>butts</xex> against the casing, instead of

on its face, like the strap hinge; also called <xex>butt

hinge</xex>.</def>



<sn>11.</sn> <fld>(Leather Trade)</fld> <def>The thickest and

stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots,

harness, trunks.</def>



<sn>12.</sn> <def>The hut or shelter of the person who attends to

the targets in rifle practice.</def>



<cs><col>Butt chain</col> <fld>(Saddlery)</fld>, <cd>a short

chain attached to the end of a tug.</cd> -- <col>Butt end</col>.

<cd>The thicker end of anything. See <cref>But end</cref>, under

2d <er>But</er>.</cd></cs>



<q>Amen; and make me die a good old man!

That's the <qex>butt end</qex> of a mother's blessing.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<cs><col>A butt's length</col>, <cd>the ordinary distance from

the place of shooting to the <xex>butt<xex>, or mark.</cd> --

<col>Butts and bounds</col> <fld>(Conveyancing)</fld>,

<cd>abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular

shape, <xex>butts<xex> are the lines at the <xex>ends<xex> (F.

<xex>bouts<xex>), and <xex>bounds<xex> are those on the

<xex>sides<xex>, or <xex>sidings<xex>, as they were formerly

termed.</cd> <au>Burrill</au>. -- <col>Bead and butt</col>.

<cd>See under <er>Bead</er>.</cd> -- <col>Butt and butt</col>,

<cd>joining end to end without overlapping, as planks.</cd> --

<col>Butt weld</col> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a butt joint, made

by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron

or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See

<er>Weld</er>.</cd> -- <col>Full butt</col>, <cd>headfirst with

full force.</cd> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark> \'bdThe corporal . . .

ran <xex>full butt<xex> at the lieutenant.\'b8

<au>Marryat</au>.</cs>



<hw>Butt</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Butted</er>; <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Butting</er>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE. <ets>butten</ets>, OF.

<ets>boter</ets> to push, F. <ets>bouter</ets>. See <er>Butt</er>

an end, and cf. <er>Boutade</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To join

at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be

bounded; to abut.</def>  <altsp>[Written also

<asp>but</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>And Barnsdale there doth <qex>butt</qex> on Don's well-watered

ground.</q>

<qau>Drayton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To thrust the head forward; to strike by

thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See

<er>Butt</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</def>



<q>A snow-white steer before thine altar led,

<qex>Butts</qex> with his threatening brows.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>Butt</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To strike by thrusting the

head against; to strike with the head.</def>



<q>Two harmless lambs are <qex>butting</qex> one the other.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<hw>Butt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. <ets>botte</ets>,

<ets>boute</ets>, LL. <ets>butta</ets>. Cf. <er>Bottle</er> a

hollow vessel.]</ety> <def>A large cask or vessel for wine or

beer. It contains two hogsheads.</def>



<note><hand/ A wine <xex>butt</xex> contains 126 wine gallons (=

105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer <xex>butt</xex> 108 ale

gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).</note>



<hw>Butt</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The

common English flounder.</def>



<hw>\'d8Butte</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[F. See

<er>Butt</er> a bound.]</ety> <def>A detached low mountain, or

high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding

plain; -- applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain

region.</def>



<q>The creek . . . passes by two remarkable <qex>buttes</qex> of

red conglomerate.</q>

<qau>Ruxton.</qau>



<-- p. 197 -->



<hw>But"ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>botere</ets>, <ets>butter</ets>, AS. <ets>butere</ets>, fr.

L. <ets>butyrum</ets>, Gr. <?/; either fr. <?/ ox, cow + <?/

cheese; or, perhaps, of Scythian origin. Cf. <er>Cow</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream

or milk by churning.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Any substance resembling butter in degree of

consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry,

the chloridess, as <xex>butter of antimony</xex>, sesquichloride

of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly

solid at ordinary temperatures, as <xex>butter of cacao</xex>,

<xex>vegetable butter</xex>, <xex>shea butter</xex>.</def>



<cs><col>Butter and eggs</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a name

given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow,

as <spn>Narcissus incomparabilis</spn>, and in the United States

to the toadflax (<spn>Linaria vulgaris</spn>).</cd> --

<col>Butter boat</col>, <cd>a small vessel for holding melted

butter at table.</cd> -- <col>Butter flower</col>, <cd>the

buttercup, a yellow flower.</cd> -- <col>Butter print</col>,

<cd>a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; -- called

also <altname>butter stamp</altname>.</cd> <au>Locke</au>. --

<col>Butter tooth</col>, <cd>either of the two middle incisors of

the upper jaw.</cd> -- <col>Butter tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>,

<cd>a tree of the genus <spn>Bassia</spn>, the seeds of which

yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of

India is the <spn>B. butyracea</spn>; that of Africa is the Shea

tree (<spn>B. Parkii</spn>). See <er>Shea tree</er>.</cd> --

<col>Butter trier</col>, <cd>a tool used in sampling butter.</cd>

-- <col>Butter wife</col>, <cd>a woman who makes or sells butter;

-- called also <altname>butter woman</altname>.</cd> <mark>[Obs.

or Archaic]</mark></cs>



<hw>But"ter</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Buttered</er> (<?/); <pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos>

<er>Buttering</er>.]</wordforms> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To cover or

spread with butter.</def>



<q>I know what's what. I know on which side

My bread is <qex>buttered</qex>.</q>

<qau>Ford.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every

game.</def> <mark>[Cant]</mark>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>Butt"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, butts.</def>



<hw>But"ter*ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The buffel duck.</def>



<hw>But"ter*bird`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The rice bunting or bobolink; -- so

called in the island of Jamaica.</def>



<hw>But"ter*bump`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buttur</ets> the bittern + 5th <ets>bump</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The European bittern.</def>



<au>Johnson.</au>



<hw>But"ter*bur`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A broad-leaved plant (<spn>Petasites

vulgaris</spn>) of the Composite family, said to have been used

in England for wrapping up pats of butter.</def>



<hw>But"ter*cup`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A plant of the genus

<spn>Ranunculus</spn>, or crowfoot, particularly <spn>R.

bulbosus</spn>, with bright yellow flowers; -- called also

<altname>butterflower</altname>, <altname>golden cup</altname>,

and <altname>kingcup</altname>. It is the

<altname>cuckoobud</altname> of Shakespeare.</def>



<hw>But"ter-fin`gered</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Apt

to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery;

careless.</def>



<hw>But"ter*fish`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A name given to several different

fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the

<spn>Stromateus triacanthus</spn> of the Atlantic coast, the

<spn>Epinephelus punctatus</spn> of the southern coast, the rock

eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.</def>



<hw>But"ter*fly`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Butterflies</plw> <pr>(#)</pr>.</plu> <ety>[Perh. from the

color of a yellow species. AS. <ets>buter-fl\'c7ge</ets>,

<ets>buttor-fle\'a2ge</ets>; cf. G. <ets>butterfliege</ets>, D.

<ets>botervlieg</ets>. See <er>Butter</er>, and

<er>Fly</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A general name

for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.</def> 

<note>[See <xex>Illust</xex>. under <er>Aphrodite</er>.]</note>



<cs><col>Asclepias butterfly</col>. <cd>See under

<er>Asclepias</er>.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly fish</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>the ocellated blenny (<spn>Blennius

ocellaris</spn>) of Europe. See <er>Blenny</er>. The term is also

applied to the flying gurnard.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly shell</col>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>, <cd>a shell of the genus

<spn>Voluta</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Butterfly valve</col>

<fld>(Mech.)</fld>, <cd>a kind of double clack valve, consisting

of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in

the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in

shape.</cd></cs>



<hw>But"ter*ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A substance

prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed,

as an imitation of butter.</def>



<q>The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to

England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into

butter, which is sold as <qex>butterine</qex> or suine.</q>

<qau>Johnson's Cyc.</qau>



<hw>But"ter*is</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[The same

word as <ets>buttress</ets>, noun, in a different application, F.

<ets>bouter</ets> to push.]</ety> <fld>(Far.)</fld> <def>A steel

cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which

rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a

thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.</def>



<hw>But"ter*man`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Buttermen</plw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>.</plu> <def>A man who makes

or sells butter.</def>



<hw>But"ter*milk`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The milk

that remains after the butter is separated from the cream.</def>



<hw>But"ter*nut`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An American tree (<spn>Juglans

cinerea</spn>) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; -- so

called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called

<altname>oil nut</altname> and <altname>white

walnut</altname>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The nut of the <spn>Caryocar

butyrosum</spn> and <spn>C. nuciferum</spn>, of S. America; --

called also <altname>Souari nut</altname>.</def>



<hw>But"ter-scotch`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A kind

of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter.</def>

<mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>But"ter*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An annual composite plant of the

Mississippi valley (<spn>Senecio lobatus</spn>).</def>



<hw>But"ter*weight`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Over

weight.</def>



<au>Swift.</au>



<note><hand/ Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter

for a pound.</note>



<hw>But"ter*wort`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A genus of low herbs

(<spn>Pinguicula</spn>) having simple leaves which secrete from

their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects

adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are

digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North

Temperate zone.</def>



<hw>But"ter*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Having the

qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.</def>



<hw>But"ter*y</hw>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. <plw>Buttplwies</er>

<pr>(<?/)</pr></plu>. <ety>[OE. <ets>botery</ets>,

<ets>botry</ets>; cf. LL. <ets>botaria</ets> wine vessel; also

OE. <ets>botelerie</ets>, fr. F. <ets>bouteillerie</ets>, fr.

<ets>boutellie</ets> bottle. Not derived from <ets>butter</ets>.

See <er>Bottle</er> a hollow vessel, <er>Butt</er> a cask.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>An apartment in a house where butter, milk and

other provisions are kept.</def>



<q>All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries,

and <qex>butteries</qex>, to the north.</q>

<qau>Sir H. Wotton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A room in some English colleges where liquors,

fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students.</def>



<q>And the major Oxford kept the <qex>buttery</qex> bar.</q>

<qau>E. Hall.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A cellar in which butts of wine are kept.</def>



<au>Weale.</au>



<cs><col>Buttery hatch</col>, <cd>a half door between the buttery

or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions

were passed.</cd></cs>



<au>Wright.</au>



<hw>Butt" hinge`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See 1st <er>Butt</er>,

10.</def>



<hw>But"-thorn`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>The common European starfish

(<spn>Asterias rubens</spn>).</def>



<hw>But"ting</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An abuttal; a

boundary.</def>



<q>Without <qex>buttings</qex> or boundings on any side.</q>

<qau>Bp. Beveridge.</qau>



<hw>But"ting joint`</hw>. <def>A joint between two pieces of

timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right

angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts

and braces form with the truss posts; -- sometimes called

<xex>abutting joint</xex>.</def>



<hw>Butt" joint`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>A joint in which the

edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead

of overlapping. See 1st <er>Butt</er>, 8.</def>



<hw>But"tock</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Butt</er> an end.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>The part at the

back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded

protuberances on which he sits; the rump.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Naut.)</fld> <def>The convexity of a ship

behind, under the stern.</def>



<au>Mar. Dict.</au>



<hw>But"ton</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>boton</ets>, <ets>botoun</ets>, F. <ets>bouton</ets> button,

bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. <ets>bouter</ets> to push.

See <er>Butt</er> an end.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A knob; a small

ball; a small, roundish mass.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A catch, of various forms and materials, used to

fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached

to one part, and passing through a slit, called a

<xex>buttonhole</xex>, in the other; -- used also for

ornament.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>A bud; a germ of a plant.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and

elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a

door.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or

in a crucible, after fusion.</def>



<cs><col>Button hook</col>, <cd>a hook for catching a button and

drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and

gloves.</cd> -- <col>Button shell</col> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld>,

<cd>a small, univalve marine shell of the genus

<spn>Rotella</spn>.</cd> -- <col>Button snakeroot</col>.

<cd><fld>(Bot.)</fld> <sd>(a)</sd> The American composite genus

<xex>Liatris<xex>, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers.

<sd>(b)</sd> An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow

leaves, and flowers in dense heads.</cd> -- <col>Button

tree</col> <fld>(Bot.)</fld>, <cd>a genus of trees

(<spn>Conocarpus</spn>), furnishing durable timber, mostly

natives of the West Indies.</cd> -- <col>To hold by the

button</col>, <cd>to detain in conversation to weariness; to

bore; to buttonhole.</cd></cs>



<hw>But"ton</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p.

p.</pos> <er>Buttoned</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Buttoning</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>botonen</ets>, OF. <ets>botoner</ets>, F.

<ets>boutonner</ets>. See <er>Button</er>, <pos>n.</pos>]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose

or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by

<xex>up</xex>.</def>



<q>He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, <qex>buttoned</qex> up to

the throat in a tight green coat.</q>

<qau>Dickens.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To dress or clothe.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>But"ton</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To be fastened by a

button or buttons; <as>as, the coat will not

<ex>button</ex></as>.</def>



<hw>But"ton*ball`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>See <er>Buttonwood</er>.</def>



<hw>But"ton*bush`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>A shrub (<spn>Cephalanthus

occidentalis</spn>) growing by the waterside; -- so called from

its globular head of flowers. See <er>Capitulum</er>.</def>



<hw>But"ton*hole`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The hole

or loop in which a button is caught.</def>



<hw>But"ton*hole`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To hold at the

button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to weariness; to

bore; <as>as, he <ex>buttonholed</ex> me a quarter of an

hour</as>.</def>



<hw>But"ton*mold`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A disk of

bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by

covering it with cloth.</def> <altsp>[Written also

<asp>buttonmould</asp>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Fossil buttonmolds</col>, <cd>joints of encrinites. See

<er>Encrinite</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>But"tons</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A boy servant,

or page, -- in allusion to the <xex>buttons</xex> on his

livry.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<au>Dickens.</au>



<hw>But"ton*weed`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The name of several plants of the genera

<spn>Spermacoce</spn> and <spn>Diodia</spn>, of the Madder

family.</def>



<hw>But"ton*wood`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>The <spn>Platanus occidentalis</spn>, or

American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from

which it is named; -- called also <altname>buttonball

tree</altname>, and, in some parts of the United States,

<altname>sycamore</altname>. The California buttonwood is <spn>P.

racemosa</spn>.</def>



<hw>But"ton*y</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Ornamented

with a large number of buttons.</def>  \'bdThe <xex>buttony</xex>

boy.\'b8 <au>Thackeray</au>. \'bdMy coat so blue and

<xex>buttony</xex>.\'b8



<au>W. S. Gilbert.</au>



<hw>But"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>butrasse</ets>, <ets>boterace</ets>, fr. F.

<ets>bouter</ets> to push; cf. OF. <ets>bouteret</ets> (nom.

sing. and acc. pl. <ets>bouterez</ets>) buttress. See

<er>Butt</er> an end, and cf. <er>Butteris</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Arch.)</fld> <def>A projecting mass of masonry,

used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and

symmetry.</def>



<note><hand/ When an external projection is used merely to

stiffen a wall, it is a <xex>pier</xex>.</note>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Anything which supports or strengthens.</def>

\'bdThe ground pillar and <xex>buttress</xex> of the good old

cause of nonconformity.\'b8



<au>South.</au>



<cs><col>Flying buttress</col>. <cd>See <er>Flying

buttress</er>.</cd></cs>



<hw>But"tress</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Buttressed</er> (<?/);

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Buttressing</er>.]</wordforms>

<def>To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.</def>



<q>To set it upright again, and to prop and <qex>buttress</qex>

it up for duration.</q>

<qau>Burke.</qau>



<hw>Butt" shaft`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <def>An arrow without a barb,

for shooting at butts; an arrow.</def> <altsp>[Also <asp>but

shaft</asp>.]</altsp>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>Butt" weld`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>. <def>See <xex>Butt weld</xex>,

under <er>Butt</er>.</def>



<hw>Butt"weld`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To unite by a butt

weld.</def>



<hw>But"ty</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mining)</fld>

<def>One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or

ore.</def>



<hw>Bu"tyl</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>but</ets>yrum butter + <ets>-yl</ets>. See

<er>Butter</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A compound

radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.</def>



<hw>Bu"ty*lene</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Butyl</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>Any one of three

metameric hydrocarbons, <chform>C4H8</chform>, of the ethylene

series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.</def>



<hw>Bu`ty*ra"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>butyrum</ets> butter. See <er>Butter</er>.]</ety>

<def>Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.</def>



<hw>Bu"ty*rate</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A salt of butyric acid.</def>



<hw>Bu*tyr"ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>Pertaining to, or derived from, butter.</def>



<cs><col>Butyric acid</col>, <cd><chform>C3H7.CO2H</chform>, an

acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of

rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste,

like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called

in distinction the <xex>normal-<xex> and <xex>iso-butyric<xex>

acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid

butter.</cd></cs>



<hw>Bu"ty*rin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Physiol.

Chem.)</fld> <def>A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in

small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its

peculiar flavor.</def>



<hw>Bu`ty*rom"e*ter</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>butyrum</ets> butter + <ets>-meter</ets>.]</ety> <def>An

instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter

contained in a sample of milk.</def>



<hw>Bu"ty*rone</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Butyr</ets>ic + <ets>-one</ets>.]</ety>

<fld>(Chem.)</fld> <def>A liquid ketone obtained by heating

calcium butyrate.</def>



<hw>Bu"ty*rous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<def>Butyraceous.</def>



<hw>Bux"e*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>buxeus</ets>, fr. <ets>buxus</ets> the box tree.]</ety>

<def>Belonging to the box tree.</def>



<hw>Bux"ine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Chem.)</fld>

<def>An alkaloid obtained from the <spn>Buxus sempervirens</spn>,

or common box tree. It is identical with

<altname>bebeerine</altname>; -- called also

<altname>buxina</altname>.</def>



<hw>Bux"om</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buxum</ets>, <ets>boxom</ets>, <ets>buhsum</ets>, pliable,

obedient, AS. <ets>b\'d3csum</ets>, <ets>b\'d4hsum</ets> (akin to

D. <ets>buigzaam</ets> blexible, G. <ets>biegsam</ets>);

<ets>b\'d4gan</ets> to bow, bend + <ets>-sum</ets>, E.

<ets>-some</ets>. See <er>Bow</er> to bend, and

<er>-some</er>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Yielding; pliable or

compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek;

humble.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<q>So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be,

And <qex>buxom</qex> to his bands, is joy to see.</q>

<qau>Spenser.</qau>



<q>I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever

<qex>buxom</qex> and obedient to the ordinance of it.</q>

<qau>Foxe.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and

comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy;

jolly; frolicsome.</def>



<q>A daughter fair,

So <qex>buxom</qex>, blithe, and debonair.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<q>A parcel of <qex>buxom</qex> bonny dames, that were laughing,

singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long.</q>

<qau>Tatler.</qau>



--  <wordforms><wf>Bux"om*ly</wf>, <pos>adv.</pos> --

<wf>Bux"om*ness</wf>, <pos>n.</pos></wordforms>



<hw>Buy</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <wordforms>[<pos>imp.

& p. p.</pos> <er>Bought</er> <pr>(#)</pr>; <pos>p. pr. & vb.

n.</pos> <er>Buying</er> <pr>(#)</pr>.]</wordforms> <ety>[OE.

<ets>buggen</ets>, <ets>buggen</ets>, <ets>bien</ets>, AS.

<ets>bycgan</ets>, akin to OS. <ets>buggean</ets>, Goth.

<ets>bugjan</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To acquire the

ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or

consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by

the payment of a price or value; to purchase; -- opposed to

<xex>sell</xex>.</def>



<q><qex>Buy</qex> what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou

wilt sell thy necessaries.</q>

<qau>B. Franklin.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To acquire or procure by something given or done

in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or

sacrifice; to <xex>buy</xex> pleasure with pain.</def>



<q><qex>Buy</qex> the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and

instruction, and understanding.</q>

<qau>Prov. xxiii. 23.</qau>



<cs><col>To buy again</col>. <cd>See <er>Againbuy</er>.

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> <au>Chaucer</au>.</cd> -- <col>To buy

off</col>. <cd><sd>(a)</sd> To influence to compliance; to cause

to bend or yield by some consideration; as, <xex>to buy off<xex>

conscience. <sd>(b)</sd> To detach by a consideration given; as,

<xex>to buy off<xex> one from a party.</cd> -- <col>To buy

out</col> <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>To buy off, or detach from.</cd>

<au>Shak</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>To purchase the share or shares

of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is

separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place;

<as>as, A <ex>buys out</ex> B</as>.</cd> <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>To

purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a

business.</cd> -- <col>To buy in</col>, <cd>to purchase stock in

any fund or partnership.</cd> -- <col>To buy on credit</col>,

<cd>to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment

at a future day.</cd> -- <col>To buy the refusal</col> <cd>(of

anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing,

at a fixed price, at a future time.</cd></cs>



<hw>Buy</hw>, <pos>v. i.</pos> <def>To negotiate or treat about a

purchase.</def>



<q>I will <qex>buy</qex> with you, sell with you.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Buy"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who buys; a

purchaser.</def>



<hw>Buz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. & n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Buzz</er>.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Buzz</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>v. i.</pos>

<wordforms>[<pos>imp. & p. p.</pos> <er>Buzzed</er> <pr>(#)</pr>;

<pos>p. pr. & vb. n.</pos> <er>Buzzing</er>.]</wordforms>

<ety>[An onomatop\'d2ia.]</ety> <def>To make a low, continuous,

humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their

wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low,

humming voice.</def>



<q>Like a wasp is <qex>buzzed</qex>, and stung him.</q>

<qau>Longfellow.</qau>



<q>However these disturbers of our peace

<qex>Buzz</qex> in the people's ears.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Buzz</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>To sound forth

by buzzing.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an

under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly.</def>



<q>I will <qex>buzz</qex> abroad such prophecies

That Edward shall be fearful of his life.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a

low humming voice.</def> <mark>[Colloq.]</mark>



<sn>4.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>To sound with a

\'bdbuzz\'b8.</def>



<au>H. Sweet.</au>



<hw>Buzz</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A continuous,

humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general

conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of surprise

or approbation.</def> \'bdThe constant <xex>buzz</xex> of a

fly.\'b8



<au>Macaulay.</au>



<-- p. 198 -->



<q>I found the whole room in a <qex>buzz</qex> of politics.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<q>There is a <qex>buzz</qex> all around regarding the

sermon.</q>

<qau>Thackeray.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A whisper; a report spread secretly or

cautiously.</def>



<q>There's a certain <qex>buzz</qex>

Of a stolen marriage.</q>

<qau>Massinger.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Phonetics)</fld> <def>The audible friction of

voice consonants.</def>



<au>H. Sweet.</au>



<hw>Buz"zard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos><ety>[O.E.

<ets>busard</ets>, <ets>bosard</ets>, F. <ets>busard</ets>, fr.

<ets>buse</ets>, L. <ets>buteo</ets>, a kind of falcon or

hawk.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A bird of prey of the Hawk

family, belonging to the genus <xex>Buteo</xex> and related

genera.</def>



<note><hand/ The <spn>Buteo vulgaris</spn> is the common

<xex>buzzard</xex> of Europe. The American species (of which the

most common are <spn>B. borealis</spn>, <spn>B.

Pennsylvanicus</spn>, and <spn>B. lineatus</spn>) are usually

called <xex>hen hawks</xex>. -- The rough-legged buzzard, or

<xex>bee hawk</xex>, of Europe (<spn>Pernis apivorus</spn>) feeds

on bees and their larv\'91, with other insects, and reptiles. --

The moor buzzard of Europe is <spn>Circus \'91ruginosus</spn>.

See <er>Turkey buzzard</er>, and <er>Carrion buzzard</er>.</note>



<cs><col>Bald buzzard</col>, <cd>the fishhawk or osprey. See

<er>Fishhawk</er>.</cd></cs>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A blockhead; a dunce.</def>



<q>It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught,

or who continues obstinately ignorant, <qex>a buzzard</qex>.</q>

<qau>Goldsmith.</qau>



<hw>Buz"zard</hw>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Senseless; stupid.</def>

<mark>[R.& Obs.]</mark>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>Buz"zard*et`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A hawk resembling the buzzard, but

with legs relatively longer.</def>



<hw>Buzz"er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who, or

that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer.</def>



<q>And wants not <qex>buzzers</qex> to infect his ear

With pestilent speeches of his father's death.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>Buzz"ing*ly</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <def>In a

buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.</def>



<hw>Buzz"saw`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <def>A circular saw; -- so called

from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.</def>



<hw>By</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>prep.</pos> <ety>[OE.

<ets>bi</ets>, AS. <ets>b\'c6</ets>, <ets>big</ets>, near to, by,

of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries.

<ets>bi</ets>, <ets>be</ets>, D. <ets>bij</ets>, OHG.

<ets>b\'c6</ets>, G. <ets>bie</ets>, Goth. <ets>bi</ets>, and

perh. Gr.<ets><?/</ets>. E. prefix <ets>be-</ets> is orig.the

same word. <?/ See <ets>pref</ets>. <er>Be</er>-.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far

from; close to; along with; <as>as, come and sit <ex>by</ex>

me</as>.</def>



<q><qex>By</qex> foundation or <qex>by</qex> shady rivulet

He sought them both.</q>

<qau>Milton.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.</def>



<q>Long labors both <qex>by</qex> sea and land he bore.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<q><qex>By</qex> land, <qex>by</qex> water, they renew the

charge.</q>

<qau>Pope.</qau>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the

other side of; past; <as>as, to go <ex>by</ex> a

church</as>.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; <as>as,

a cabin twenty feet <ex>by</ex> forty</as>.</def>



<sn>5.</sn> <def>Against.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].</au>



<sn>6.</sn> <def>With, as means, way, process, etc.; through

means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of;

<as>as, a city is destroyed <ex>by</ex> fire</as>; profit is made

<xex>by</xex> commerce; to take <xex>by</xex> force.</def>



<note>To the meaning of <xex>by</xex>, as denoting means or

agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses

of the word: <sd>(a)</sd> It points out the author and producer;

as, \'bdWaverley\'b8, a novel <xex>by</xex> Sir W.Scott; a statue

<xex>by</xex> Canova; a sonata <xex>by</xex> Beethoven.

<sd>(b)</sd> In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or

thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you <xex>by</xex>

all that is sacred; he swears <xex>by</xex> his faith as a

Christian; no, <xex>by</xex> Heaven. <sd>(c)</sd> According to;

by direction, authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases

as, it appears <xex>by</xex> his account; ten o'clock

<xex>by</xex> my watch; to live <xex>by</xex> rule; a model to

build <xex>by</xex>. <sd>(d)</sd> At the rate of; according to

the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to

sell cloth <xex>by</xex> the yard, milk <xex>by</xex> the quart,

eggs <xex>by</xex> the dozen, meat <xex>by</xex> the pound; to

board <xex>by</xex> the year. <sd>(e)</sd> In comparison, it

denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is

increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or

diminution; as, larger <xex>by</xex> a half; older <xex>by</xex>

five years; to lessen <xex>by</xex> a third. <sd>(f)</sd> It

expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within

the period of; as, <xex>by</xex> day, <xex>by</xex> night.

<sd>(g)</sd> As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in

expressions of time; as, <xex>by</xex> this time the sun had

risen; he will be here <xex>by</xex> two o'clock.</note>



<note>In boxing the compass, <xex>by</xex> indicates a pint

nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north

<xex>by</xex> east, <it>i.e.</it>, a point towards the east from

the north; northeast <xex>by</xex> east, <it>i.e.</it>, on point

nearer the east than northeast is.</note>



<note><hand/ <xex>With</xex> is used instead of <xex>by</xex>

before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat

one <xex>with</xex> a stick; the board was fastened by the

carpenter <xex>with</xex> nails. But there are many words which

may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as

instruments; and whether <xex>with</xex> or <xex>by</xex> shall

be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of

unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town <xex>by</xex> famine; to

consume stubble <xex>with</xex> fire; he gained his purpose

<xex>by</xex> flattery; he entertained them <xex>with</xex> a

story; he distressed us <xex>with</xex> or <xex>by</xex> a

recital of his sufferings. see <er>With</er>.</note>



<cs><col>By all means</col>, <cd>most assuredly; without fail;

certainly.</cd> -- <col>By and by</col>. <sd>(a)</sd> <cd>Close

together (of place).</cd> <mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdTwo yonge

knightes liggyng [lying] <xex>by and by</xex>.\'b8

<au>Chaucer</au>. <sd>(b)</sd> <cd>Immediately; at once.</cd>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark> \'bdWhen . . . persecution ariseth because of

the word, <xex>by and by</xex> he is offended.\'b8 <au>Matt.

xiii. 21</au>. <sd>(c)</sd> <cd>Presently; pretty soon; before

long.</cd> <note>In this phrase, <xex>by</xex> seems to be used

in the sense of <xex>nearness in time</xex>, and to be repeated

for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to \'bdsoon,

<xex>and soon</xex>,\'b8 that is instantly; hence, -- less

emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently.</note> -- <col>By one's

self</col>, <cd>with only one's self near; alone; solitary.</cd>-

<col>By the bye</col>. <cd>See under <er>Bye</er>.</cd> --

<col>By the head</col> <fld>(Naut.)</fld>, <cd>having the bows

lower than the stern; -- said of a vessel when her head is lower

in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the

stern.</cd> -- <col>By the lee</col>, <cd>the situation of a

vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring

the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the

other side.</cd> -- <col>By the run</col>, <cd>to let go <xex>by

the run</xex>, to let go altogether, instead of slacking

off.</cd> -- <col>By the way</col>, <cd>by the bye; -- used to

introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject.</cd>

-<mcol><col>Day by day</col>, <col>One by one</col>, <col>Piece

by piece</col>, etc.</mcol>, <cd>each day, each one, each piece,

etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally.</cd> --

<col>To come by</col>, <cd>to get possession of; to obtain.</cd>

-- <col>To do by</col>, <cd>to treat, to behave toward.</cd> --

<col>To set by</col>, <cd>to value, to esteem.</cd> -- <col>To

stand by</col>, <cd>to aid, to support.</cd></cs>



<note><hand/ The common phrase good-by is equivalent to

<xex>farewell</xex>, and would be better written

<xex>good-bye</xex>, as it is a corruption of <xex>God be with

you</xex> (<xex>b'w'ye</xex>).</note>



<hw>By</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>adv.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>Near;

in the neighborhood; present; <as>as, there was no person

<ex>by</ex> at the time</as>.</def>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>Passing near; going past; past; beyond; <as>as,

the procession has gone <ex>by</ex></as>; a bird flew

<xex>by</xex>.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <def>Aside; <as>as, to lay <ex>by</ex></as>; to put

<xex>by</xex>.</def>



<hw>By</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Out of the common

path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of

something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter,

a thing private or avoiding notice; <as>as, <xex>by</xex>-line,

<xex>by</xex>-place, <xex>by</xex>-play,

<xex>by</xex>-street</as>. It was formerly more freely used in

composition than it is now; <as>as, <xex>by</xex>-business,

<xex>by</xex>-concernment, <xex>by</xex>-design,

<xex>by</xex>-interest, etc.</as></def>



<hw>By"ard</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A piece of

leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in

coal mines.</def>



<hw>By"-bid`der</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>One who

bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the

purpose of running up the price of articles.</def>

<mark>[U.S.]</mark>



<hw>By"-blow`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A

side or incidental blow; an accidental blow.</def>



<q>With their <qex>by-blows</qex> they did split the very stones

in pieces.</q>

<qau>Bunyan.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>An illegitimate child; a bastard.</def>



<q>The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to

court, together with her pretty <qex>by-blow</qex>, the present

Padre Ottomano.</q>

<qau>Evelyn.</qau>



<hw>By"-cor`ner</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A private

corner.</def>



<q>Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<hw>By"-de*pend`ence</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct

from the main dependence; an accessory.</def>



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>By"-drink`ing</hw>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A drinking between

meals.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Bye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A thing

not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of

regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in <xex>on</xex> or

<xex>upon the bye</xex>, <it>i.e.</it>, in passing; indirectly;

by implication.</def> <mark>[Obs. except in the phrase by the

bye.]</mark>



<q>The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the <qex>bye</qex> even the

discipline of the Church of England.</q>

<qau>Fuller.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Cricket)</fld> <def>A run made upon a missed

ball; <as>as, to steal a bye</as>.</def>



<au>T. Hughes.</au>



<cs><col>By the bye</col>, <cd>in passing; by way of digression;

apropos to the matter in hand.</cd> <altsp>[Written also <asp>by

the by<asp>.]</altsp></cs>



<hw>Bye</hw> <pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.<ets>b</ets><?/;

cf. Icel. <ets>byg</ets><?/ dwelling, <ets>byggia</ets>,

<ets>b<?/a</ets>, to dwell <root/97.]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A dwelling.</def>



<au>Gibson.</au>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>In certain games, a station or place of an

individual player.</def>



<au>Emerson.</au>



<hw>By"-e*lec"tion</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

election held by itself, not at the time of a general

election.</def>



<hw>By"-end`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Private end or

interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage.</def>

<altsp>[Written also <asp>bye-end</asp>.]</altsp>



<q>\'bdProfit or some other <qex>by-end</qex>.\'b8</q>

<qau>L'Estrange.</qau>



<hw>By"gone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Past; gone

by.</def>



\'bd<xex>Bygone</xex> fooleries.\'b8

<au>Shak</au>



<hw>By"gone`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Something gone

by or past; a past event.</def>



\'bdLet old <qex>bygones</qex> be\'b8

<au>Tennyson.</au>



<cs><col>Let bygones be bygones</col>, <cd>let the past be

forgotten.</cd></cs>



<hw>By"-in`ter*est</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<def>Self-interest; private advantage.</def>



<au>Atterbury.</au>



<hw>By"land</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

peninsula.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>By"land*er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Bilander</er>.</def><mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>^^By"-lane`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A private

lane, or one opening out of   the usual road.</def>



<hw>By"-law`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[Cf.Sw.<ets>bylag</ets>, D.<ets>bylov</ets>,

Icel.<ets>b<?/arl\'94g</ets>, fr.Sw.& Dan. <ets>by</ets> town,

Icel. <ets>b\'91r</ets>, <ets>byr</ets> (fr. <ets>b\'96a</ets> to

dwell) + the word for <ets>law</ets>; hence, a law for one town,

a special law. Cf.<er>Birlaw</er> and see <er>Law</er>.]</ety>

<sn>1.</sn> <def>A local or subordinate law; a private law or

regulation made by a corporation for its own government.</def>



<q>There was likewise a law to restrain the <qex>by-laws</qex>,

or ordinances of corporations.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<q>The law or institution; to which are added two

<qex>by-laws</qex>, as a comment upon the general law.</q>

<qau>Addison.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>A law that is less important than a general law

or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule

relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a

constitution and <xex>by-laws<xex> for the government of their

members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by

<xex>by<xex>, meaning <xex>secondary<xex> or

<xex>aside<xex>.</def>



<hw>By"-name`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

nickname.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>By"name`</hw>, <pos>v. t.</pos> <def>To give a nickname

to.</def>



<au>Camden.</au>



<hw>By"-pass</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <fld>(Mech.)</fld>

<def>A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert

circulation from the usual course.</def>



<hw>By"-pas`sage</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A passage

different from the usual one; a byway.</def>



<hw>By"-past</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Past; gone

by.</def> \'bd<xex>By-past</xex> perils.\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>By"path`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl.

<plw>Bypaths</plw>(<?/).</plu> <def>A private path; an obscure

way; indirect means.</def>



<q>God known, my son,

By what <qex>bypaths</qex>, and indirect crooked ways,

I met this crown.</q>

<qau>Shak.</qau>



<hw>By"-place`</hw> <pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A retired

or private place.</def>



<hw>By"play</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Action carried

on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action

proceeds.</def>



<hw>By"-prod`uct</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A

secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the

course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal

product.</def>



<hw>Byre</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Cf, Icel.

<ets>b\'81r</ets> pantry, Sw. <ets>bur</ets> cage,Dan.

<ets>buur</ets>, E.<ets>bower</ets>.]</ety> <def>A cow

house.</def> <mark>[N. of Eng.& Scot.]</mark>



<hw>By"-re*spect`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Private

end or view; by-interest.</def> <mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Dryden.</au>



<hw>By"road`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A private or

obscure road.</def> \'bdThrough slippery <qex>byroads</qex>\'b8



<au>Swift.</au>



<hw>By"ron`ic</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Pertaining

to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.</def>



<q>With despair and <qex>Byronic misanthropy</qex>.</q>

<qau>Thackeray</qau>



<hw>By"-room`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A private

room or apartment.</def>  \'bdStand in some

<xex>by-room</xex>\'b8



<au>Shak.</au>



<hw>By"*smot`ter*ed</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>p.a.</pos> <ety>[See

<er>Besmut</er>.]</ety> <def>Bespotted with mud or dirt.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<au>Chaucer.</au>



<hw>By"-speech`</hw><pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the

point.</def> \'bdTo quote <xex>by-speeches</xex>.\'b8



<au>Hooker.</au>



<hw>By"-spell`</hw><pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[AS.

<ets>bigspell</ets>.]</ety> <def>A proverb.</def>

<mark>[Obs.]</mark>



<hw>Byss</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Byssus</er>, <pos>n.</pos>, 1.</def>



<hw>Bys*sa"ceous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[From

<er>Byssus</er>.]</ety> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>Byssuslike;

consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate

filamentous alg\'91.</def>



<hw>Bys*sif"er*ous</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Byssus</ets> + <ets>-ferous</ets>.]</ety> <def>Bearing

a byssus or tuft.</def>



<hw>Bys"sin</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Byssus</er>, <pos>n.,</pos> 1.</def>



<hw>Bys"sine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <ety>[L.

<ets>byssinus</ets> made of byssus, Gr.<?/ See

<er>Byssus</er>.]</ety> <def>Made of silk; having a silky or

flaxlike appearance.</def>



<au>Coles.</au>



<hw>Bys"soid</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>Byssus</ets> + <ets>-oid</ets>.]</ety>

<def>Byssaceous.</def>



<hw>Bys"so*lite</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <ety>[Gr.<?/ See

flax + <ets>-lite</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Min.)</fld> <def>An

olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.</def>



<hw>\'d8Bys"sus</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>; <plu>pl. E.

<plw>Byssuses</plw><pr>(#)</pr>; L.

<plw>Byssi</plw>.</plu><pr>(#)</pr> <ety>[L.  <ets>byssus</ets>

fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr. <?/ .]</ety>



<sn>1.</sn> <def>A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the

ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or

silk.</def> <altsp>[Written also <asp>byss</asp> and

<asp>byssin</asp>.]</altsp>



<sn>2.</sn> <fld>(Zo\'94l.)</fld> <def>A tuft of long, tough

filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue

from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the

<xex>Pinna</xex> and <xex>Mytilus</xex>, by which they attach

themselves to rocks, etc.</def>



<sn>3.</sn> <fld>(Bot.)</fld> <def>An obsolete name for certain

fungi composed of slender threads.</def>



<sn>4.</sn> <def>Asbestus.</def>



<hw>By"stand`er</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[<ets>By</ets> + <ets>stander</ets>, equiv. to

<ets>stander-by</ets>; cf. AS. <ets>big-standan</ets> to stand by

or near.]</ety> <def>One who stands near; a spectator; one who

has no concern with the business transacting.</def>



<q>He addressed the <qex>bystanders</qex> and scattered pamphlets

among them.</q>

<qau>Palfrey.</qau>



<syn>Syn. -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.</syn>



<hw>By"-street`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A separate,

private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross

street.</def>



<q>He seeks <qex>by-streets</qex>, and saves the expensive

coach.</q>

<qau>Gay.</qau>



<hw>By"-stroke`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An

accidental or a slyly given stroke.</def>



<hw>By"-turn`ing</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>An obscure

road; a way turning from the main road.</def>



<au>Sir P. Sidney.</au>



<hw>By"-view`</hw><pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A private or

selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose.</def>



<q>No <qex>by-views</qex> of his own shall mislead him.</q>

<qau>Atterbury.</qau>



<hw>By"-walk`</hw><pr>(<?/)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>secluded or

private walk.</def>



<q>He moves afterward in <qex>by-walks</qex>.</q>

<qau>Dryden.</qau>



<hw>By"-wash`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>The outlet

from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of

water.</def>



<hw>By"way`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A secluded,

private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main

one.</def> \'bd Take no <xex>byways.</xex>\'b8



<au>Herbert.</au>



<hw>By"-wipe`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>A secret or

side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm.</def>



<au>Milton.</au>



<hw>By"word`</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos>

<ety>[AS.<ets>b\'8bword</ets>; <ets>b\'8b</ets>,

E.<ets>by+word</ets>.]</ety> <sn>1.</sn> <def>A common saying; a

proverb; a saying that has a general currency.</def>



<q>I knew a wise man that had it for a <qex>byword</qex>.</q>

<qau>Bacon.</qau>



<sn>2.</sn> <def>The object of a contemptuous saying.</def>



<q>Thou makest us a <qex>byword</qex> among the heathen.</q>

<qau>Ps. xliv. 14</qau>



<hw>By"work</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>n.</pos> <def>Work aside from

regular work; subordinate or secondary business.</def>



<mhw>{ <hw>Byz"ant</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <hw>Byz"an*tine</hw>

<pr>(?)</pr> <pos>n.</pos> }</mhw><ety>[OE. <ets>besant</ets>,

<ets>besaunt</ets>, F. <ets>besant</ets>, fr. LL.

<ets>Byzantius</ets>, <ets>Byzantinus</ets>, fr.

<ets>Byzantium</ets>.]</ety> <fld>(Numis.)</fld> <def>A gold

coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. <er>See

Bezant</er>.</def>



<hw>Bi*zan"tian</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.& n.</pos> <def>See

<er>Byzantine</er>.</def>



<hw>By*zan"tine</hw> <pr>(?)</pr>, <pos>a.</pos> <def>Of or

pertaining to Byzantium.</def> -- <def2><pos>n.</pos> <def>A

native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes,

applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of

Constantinople.</def></def2>  <altsp>[ Written also

<er>Bizantine</er>.]</altsp>



<cs><col>Byzantine church</col>, <cd>the Eastern or Greek church,

as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See

under <er>Greek</er>.</cd> -- <col>Byzantine empire</col>,

<cd>the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395

to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453.</cd> --

<col>Byzantine historians</col>, <cd>historians and writers

(Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine

empire.</cd> <au>P. Cyc.</au></cs>



<cs><col>Byzantine style</col> (<fld>Arch</fld>.), <cd>a style of

architecture developed in the Byzantine empire.</cd> <note>Its

leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the

circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the

endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia,

Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent

examples of Byzantine architecture.</note>



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