AMERICAN BOOK-PLATES
(EX-LIBRIS)

American Book-Plates

A Guide to their Study with Examples

By Charles Dexter Allen
Member Ex-Libris Society London · Member Grolier Club New York
Member Connecticut Historical Society Hartford

With a Bibliography by Eben Newell Hewins

Member Ex-Libris Society

Illustrated with many reproductions of rare and interesting book-plates
and in the finer editions with many prints from the original
coppers both old and recent






New York · Macmillan and Co. · London
Mdcccxciv

Copyright, 1894,
By MACMILLAN AND CO.


Norwood Press:
J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith.
Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

PREFACE.

N a few years Book-plate literature will have a place in the catalogues of the Libraries, as it now has in those of the dealers in books. The works of the Hon. J. Leicester Warren (Lord de Tabley), Mr. Egerton Castle, and Mr. W. J. Hardy on the English plates, Mr. Walter Hamilton, M. Henri Bouchot, and M. Poulet-Malassis on the French, Herr Warnecke on the German, and M. Carlander on the Swedish, are all the work of master hands, and are recognized as authorities. In our own country the lists and essays of Mr. Richard C. Lichtenstein and Mr. Laurence Hutton have long been of invaluable service, and occupy a position both at home and abroad of undisputed eminence.

A large number of articles has also been contributed to periodical literature by those well informed upon the subject, and numerous monographs testify to the growth of interest in this fascinating study, and by the names of their authors, to the class of scholars and students of antiquarian lore who deem the humble book-plate worthy of their attention.

In view of what has been and of what will be written, this present modest attempt to introduce more fully than has yet been done, the book-plates of America, needs to be understood as simply a pioneer work; a great deal of information will reward the patient and painstaking investigator of the future, which is now inaccessible, and without doubt, too, much will be found even within the present to supplement these pages.

This book could not have been undertaken nor carried to completion had the writer been denied the generous assistance and hearty sympathy of our collectors, to whom he desires to express his appreciation of the kindnesses shown him.

Especially to Mr. R. C. Lichtenstein, Mr. E. N. Hewins, and Mr. Fred J. Libbie of Boston, does he feel under deep obligation for the generous loan of their splendid collections, for ready advice and counsel, for cheerful assistance whenever asked for, and for that tangible sympathy and lively interest which are worth so much to one engaged in such work. To many others also is he indebted, both for the loan of plates and for kindly words of encouragement.

To Mr. S. P. Avery, Mr. Beverly Chew, Mr. E. H. Bierstadt, Mr. Henry Blackwell, Mr. D. McN. Stauffer, Mr. Edward D. Harris, Mr. Laurence Hutton, and Mr. E. W. Nash, of New York City; to Mr. W. G. Brown of Washington and Lee University at Lexington, Va.; Mr. H. E. Deats of Flemington, N.J.; Dr. C. E. Clark of Lynn; Hon. W. A. Courtnay of Charleston, S.C.; Miss Helen E. Brainerd of the Columbia College Library; Mr. Pickering Dodge of Washington, D.C.; Mr. Charles T. Martin, Mr. Frank B. Gay, Mr. A. C. Bates, and Mr. John C. Parsons, of Hartford; Dr. Henry C. Eno of Saugatuck; Dr. J. H. Dubbs of Lancaster, Penn., President of Franklin and Marshall College; Mr. D. V. R. Johnston of the State Library at Albany; Mr. Nathaniel Paine of Worcester; Mr. Daniel Ravenel of Charleston, S.C.; Mr. Howard Sill of Glendale, Md.; Mr. R. A. Brock of Richmond, Va.; Mr. Howard Edwards of Philadelphia; Dr. Swan M. Burnett of Washington, D.C.; Mr. Richard Wijnkoop of Brooklyn; Mr. Bisbee of Dartmouth College; Mr. William Kelby of the New York Historical Society; and to Mr. Lyon G. Tyler of Williamsburg, Va., President of William and Mary College, does he wish to make acknowledgment for the favors which have contributed so much to the value of the work. From over the sea, particularly kind assistance has come from Rev. T. W. Carson, the veteran collector and eminent authority of Dublin.

To all others who by letter, gift, or advice have assisted him, the writer wishes hereby to make suitable and hearty acknowledgment.

The writer’s thanks are also extended to those who have so kindly permitted him the use of their plates for the illustrating of the book.

A word more is due to Mr. E. N. Hewins, who very kindly, at the writer’s request, accepted the labor of preparing the excellent Bibliography which appears in the volume.

CHARLES DEXTER ALLEN.

Hartford, Conn., June, 1894.

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

{1}

AMERICAN BOOK-PLATES.

INTRODUCTORY.

E cannot venture to guess which was the first book-plate made in America, nor to say with absolute certainty whence came the first plate used in our country; but undoubtedly the latter came over already pasted into some book of a Dutch or English settler.

The larger part of our books came from England, and very few plates are found with arms of other nationalities. The colonists who came from England bringing books, brought also the home ideas concerning books, and the book-plate was a natural piece of property to acquire. Their descendants, who continued the connection with the mother-country, used plates more generally, and the fashion spread naturally. It never became very general, but was confined to those of gentle birth; the clergy, the lawyers, and men of education. We shall see that it was not confined to the men alone, but that the women of literary accomplishments also used plates.{2}

By far the greater part of the plates are cut on copper, but there are some woodcuts as will be seen in an examination of the list; also, there are some which look as if cut in silver, which was an easier metal to work, or perhaps in type-metal. One example is known in which brass was used, and this old plate is now in the possession of the writer. The steel engravings are of rather recent date; and while there are a number of these, the{3} new plates are mostly on copper. The simple labels are printed from type.

The larger part of our early plates are armorial in character; and while heraldry forms so prominent and important a feature, it is left practically untouched in the present volume. The number interested in the science is small, the authorities on coats-of-arms and on blazoning differ, and the present writer had not the time to make the thorough investigation necessary to a satisfactory treatment of this interesting branch. Upon consultation with other collectors, and with their advice, it was decided to leave this subject for a future volume should any call for it arise.

A decided difference is noticed between the book-plates of the Northern and the Southern Colonies. In the South, to which came men of wealth and leisure with cultivated tastes, we would expect to find the little superfluities and niceties of daily life sooner in vogue and more{4} generally used. Bringing books and musical instruments with them, retaining their connection with the far-away home by correspondence and visits, sending their sons to the great Universities to be educated, and to the Law Schools for a finishing course, and ordering their clothes, books, furniture, and all of the luxuries of life from England, they would naturally be the first to use the book-plate. Very few of the Southern plates were engraved by American engravers. They were nearly all done in London, when some member of the family was over, or by order from the Colony; for this reason the Southern plates are better in heraldry, design, and execution than those of New England and New York. They were the product of men experienced in such work; they were all armorial and in the prevailing English mode.

The earliest comers to New England had a prejudice against coats-of-arms and trinkets of such-like character, which their descendants, however, soon forgot. Pride of ancestry and love of the display of aristocratic claims developed when the hard circumstances of the former years had worn off, and we find the prominent families of the North using book-plates, and having their arms upon their coaches. In one important feature, however, these Northern plates differ from the Southern,—they are mostly the work of our native engravers, very few being done in England.

The work of these native artisans, who were mostly self-taught in this art of engraving on copper, is confessedly inferior to that of the London{5} experts found upon the Southern plates, both in drawing and execution, but their work is of more value to the collector from this very fact of their being American work. They furnish examples of native skill, both in engraving and in copper-plate printing.

The ornamentation of buttons, spoons, tableware, and other articles of silver was already practised when the demand for the book-plate arose, so that there were skilful men ready to turn their attention to this new branch of their art.

The War of the Revolution naturally affected the native production of book-plates, but a few years after its close, when Boston, New York, and Philadelphia were active in publishing books, the engraver found work more plenty, and very many who were employed upon the plates for the illustration of books also produced book-plates.{6}

Nathaniel Hurd was the principal engraver of book-plates in the North before the war, though Thomas Johnson, who was born before him and who also died before he did, made some plates, while Turner and Paul Revere were also working at this period.

Henry Dawkins, in Philadelphia, came over from England, and so did the elder Maverick, who made so many plates for the New Yorkers.

The literary plates are smaller in number than we could wish, and they do not show a wide range of ideas either. Very probably some of the designs were borrowed from English plates, and were produced over again for different customers, or were freely copied by other engravers who liked, or who found customers who liked, the design of others. The plate used by George Goodwin is one of four of this same design. The shelf of books is also seen in the plate of G. C. M. Roberts, M.D., Thomas Robbins, and the{7}

Elijah F. Reed, which is a direct reproduction of the Robbins. Piles of books, but not the regulation “Book-pile,” are seen in the Brown and Lewis plates, while the only real library interiors are the Tayloe plate, the Moral Library and the Village Library (Farmington, Conn.). John Allan, the old-book lover of New York, used a plate with an open book against an anchor, and the plate of Edmund Penn shows a love for books in the dainty volumes disposed about the frame.

The patriotism of our book-lovers is shown in very many designs, which use the American flag or the eagle. The thirteen stars also, the motto of the United States, and various private mottoes of a very patriotic nature, are frequently used.

It is noticeable that as compared with the Southern plates there are but few of the Northern examples which give the address or residence of the owner; that is, speaking of the armorial{8} plates, the printed name labels give these particulars quite often.

The Jared Ingersoll plate gives New Haven as the residence of the owner, while Rhode Island follows the name on the plate of Samuel Elam. Other Northern plates which are so engraved are the Colonel Eustace of New York, Comptroller Elliston also of New York, Lenox of Philadelphia, Atlee of Lancaster, John Franklin, Boston, New England, and Robert Hale of Beverly. Of the Southern plates, Wormeley, Waller, Tuberville, Tazewell, Skelton, Randolph, and Ludwell{9}

give Virginia as their residence; Drayton names South Carolina, the Dr. Cabell plate names Richmond, and the John Walters Gibbs names Charleston, S.C. The plates used in the West Indies also show the residence quite often. There, too, as well as in the Southern colonies, the profession or position of the owner, as well as the London law school in which he was educated, are often given. Thus we have William Blanc, Middle Temple, Dominica; Chas. Pinfold, LL.D., Governor of Barbadoes; Peyton Randolph of the Middle Temple, London; Francis Page of the Inner Temple Esqr.; William Assheton of Gray’s Inn. In the Northern examples we find John Gardiner of the Inner Temple, and Jonathan Belcher, E Societate Medij Templi.{10}

We note also in running through the List that the occupations most often noted on the book-plates are those of the medical and the legal profession. Barristers, lawyers, and attorneys are often so named, and the initials M.D., or the full word Doctor, are seen.

The abbreviations of other degrees are found also, and the plates of clergymen are not uncommon.{11}

Several plates remain unnoticed in the following pages, which are probably American, but which, for lack of positive information, it is thought best not to include. Among these is an early Dutch plate which, if it could be accurately traced to its original owner, might prove to be one of the earliest plates used in America.

It seems that a word is needed in defence of the perfectly legitimate and gentle pursuit of collecting book-plates. A great deal of sarcasm and indignation have found their way into the columns of periodical literature, particularly in England, the especial purpose of which is to trouble the humble collector, and to discredit him in the eyes of the world. He is pointed out as a destroyer of valuable books, as an animal so greedy in the pursuit of his insignificant prey as to ruin elegant bindings that he may secure worthless bits of paper, and as actually so devoid of good sense as to remove such of these as are interesting—for it is reluctantly admitted that{12} some interest does attach to the plates used by certain men of fame in historical annals—from their rightful place within the covers of the very books read and handled by these illustrious owners.

Let it be remembered that but a small part of the many books published have a permanent value, and that a book once eagerly sought may outlive its usefulness, and come to have a commercial value of so much a pound as old paper, instead of so much a copy in different styles of binding. Surely, no one can quarrel with the collector who removes the book-plate, found within it, from such a worn-out specimen, even if the removal necessitates the ruin of the cover. But to remove a book-plate does not necessarily mean to ruin the cover; it requires some skill and considerable patience to remove a valuable plate without injury to either itself or the cover upon which it was pasted, but it is done daily. Surely no one can find fault with this—a skilful operation resulting satisfactorily to the plate-collector and to the book-owner.{13}

Again, no intelligent book-plate collector will separate the plate of a famous man from the book which has been its home for years, and which was once handled and read by its famous owner. Even a worthless book will thus be saved by the collector, which was fit but for the fire or the ash-heap, and which would have gone thither, plate and all, save for his discriminating eye, while a valuable book no one would think of despoiling. Would an intelligent collector, having a book from the library of George Washington, with his plate upon the cover and his autograph in its accustomed place, think of soaking off the plate and cutting out the signature? Not at all; no matter how worthless the book might chance{14} to be, the fact that it was Washington’s is sufficient to insure it from any harm, while the presence of the autograph and the book-plate but adds to the value as establishing beyond peradventure the original ownership.

The book-plate collector is naturally a book-lover. He must not be accused or suspected of crimes against his own kith and kin. He is a harmless and useful specimen of the genus collector, who with assiduity, perseverance, and intelligence seeks to preserve these memorials of past days, which in the rage for indiscriminate collecting were overlooked, and are but now beginning to receive the attention they are worthy of.

It is, however, to be admitted that at first glance, the general reader who has not developed a special liking for the things of the past in history, art, or biography, may see no especial interest in book-plates. But let him examine a collection of good plates with their intelligent owner, who can point out to him the facts worthy of note; let him once understand that celebrated artists like Albrecht Durer, Jost Amman, William Hogarth, William Marshall, George Vertue, Bewick, Bartolozzi, and even Raphael Morghen were willing to devote time and taste to the designing or engraving of the book-plate; let him handle some of their work, and reflect upon the effort the master considered so small a design worthy of; let him see the plates of some of the noted names in history, art, letters, medicine, the sciences, and the professions; let him take in his hands the plates of William Penn, the friend of{15} the Indian and benefactor of his race, of Laurence Sterne, of David Garrick, of Horace Walpole, of Samuel Rogers, of Charles Dickens, or of George Washington, of John Adams, and Charles Carroll, signers of the Declaration; let him see a plate engraved by Paul Revere whose services in the Revolution he has known of from his schooldays;—let him see these and scores more of similar interest, and he cannot fail to respond to the enthusiasm of their owner. But indeed it is a pursuit, the delights of which are discernible to those only who bring to it the capacity for such pleasures.

{16}

NAME-LABELS AND MOTTOES.

F all forms of book-plates the simplest possible is the printed name of the owner, unaccompanied by either motto, device, or ornamentation of any kind. Such a plate had Philip Hone, one of the founders of the Mercantile Library, and in the early twenties a mayor of the city of New York. His plate is merely a bit of paper with his name in bold script printed upon it from an engraved copper-plate.

This style of plate is not chronologically the earliest, but is taken as our starting-point because of its unrelieved simplicity; this fulfils the mission of the book-plate,—it proclaims the ownership of the book in which it is seen; not in delicate language, to be sure, not with any invitation to dip into the volume in hand, not with any evidence of the owner’s taste in reading, but with a directness not to be misunderstood.

The essential part of the book-plate is the name of the owner; and while this is sufficient of itself, it is found profitable and pleasant to accompany it with an apt quotation from a favorite author, with a caution against the improper{17}

handling of books, with a warning of the sad result of declining Wisdom’s guidance, or with an invitation to enjoy the beauties of literature and to share the benefits of careful reading. In addition to these mere typographical adjuncts an opportunity is offered for the display of those more decorative garnishments which have led to the development of the handsomer styles of plates.

Alexander Stedman’s: Thomas Thaxter’s, 1791: William W. Potter’s Book: Aaron Woolworth’s, Ex Dono Rev. S. Buell, D.D. These plates use the possessive case, are embellished with borders of ornamental type, and supply some further information by showing the date of their being used, or by naming the giver of the volumes. Other styles of expressing book-ownership are afforded by the following: Nicolas Pike His{18} Book 1768: Hannah Adams, Medfield 179-: The Property of John Clap, Roxbury 1791: Davidis Dickinson Liber, A.D. 1796: Lieut. E. Trenchard, U. S. Navy: Simeon Baldwin, Owner: Ex Libris I. G. Thomas: Library T. W. Curtis, No.: Belonging to the Library of Thomas Forrest Betton, Germantown Pa.: The Property of John Weld native of Pomfret, Conn. Resident of Pomfret, Bo’t of Mr. James Steele of Hartford, January 12, 1796: W. Lewis, Ejus Liber: Johann Christoph Kunze, Prediger in Philadelphia: Emmanuel Jones e Coll; Gul; et Ma: 1756.

These old type-set labels with their quaint borders of ornamental type,—scrolls, flourishes, stars, vines, and even grammatical signs,—are usually found to be printed on good white handmade paper, which was seldom trimmed with care;{19} occasionally a tinted paper is found,—yellow more often than any other, but sometimes a blue or green; these served the less pretentious of our ancestors in lieu of the coats-of-arms and family mottoes of those of higher lineage, and are found in quantities throughout the New England and Middle States: even farther south they are not uncommon, but are not so numerous.

In making up these ornamental borders the type was usually set in the form of a parallelogram, occasionally in a square, oval, circle, or diamond, and seldom in fanciful shapes. The most ambitious plate of this kind which has come under my observation is that which once graced the books of Mary McGinley; this is a rather large plate, and the type is set in the form of an urn, within the lines of which are given the motto and the owner’s name.

A step in advance of these wholly typographical examples are those which employ a woodcut{20} border to surround the name, and instances can be given of such a border enclosing the name printed from type; festoons of flowers or of cord, and draperies of cloth, were also used as a simple setting for the owner’s name. In this connection mention may be made of the work of T. Sparrow, an obscure engraver of Maryland; no heraldic or pictorial examples of his workmanship have been identified, and he probably confined himself to the simple woodcut designs of which but a small number are known. Always using a border of floriated scrolls, he never omitted an original contrivance which is the characteristic mark of his work,—a group of thirteen stars surrounded often by a wreath. This is always found in a prominent place, and is an indication of his patriotism as well as that of the owner of the plate.

It must not be supposed that the heraldic book-plate was an outgrowth or development of{21} the name-label: not at all; they were contemporaneous and were both used in England long before they were here.

Coming now to the subject of mottoes, we find a wide field to travel over, many languages to read, many quotations to recognize, with hints and warnings, and even threatenings, by the score, from jealous book-lovers. Mottoes readily fall into two classes: those which are chosen by the owner for some personal reason, and those which are family mottoes, and which are used without thought because they are a family inheritance, or with a commendable pride in such legacies from an honorable ancestry. Latin is the language most often used probably, though English is a strong rival, while German, French, Greek, and even Hebrew and Welsh are also found upon our book-plates. Sentiments opposing the habit of book-borrowing are of frequent occurrence, and in some instances are of such severity as to leave no doubt of their effectiveness. For brevity and pointedness the following example can hardly be exceeded:—

On the book-plate of D. W. Jayne the following verse from the Bible is used:—

{22}

Verses from Holy Writ are quite frequently used on plates, and the style of expression found in the Psalms and Proverbs is borrowed as adding an authoritative emphasis to the words of caution and advice,—

On the plate of a book-lover in Charleston, S.C.,—

{23}

Every one has suffered from book-borrowers, even from school-day times, when the rude doggerel,—

or its variant,

was printed in coarse letters across the cover of the books most likely to go astray. How irritating it is to find the very volume one needs at the moment, missing from its accustomed place on the shelf; if anything is lacking to complete the{24} torment of the discovery, let it be impossible to find out who has taken the desired volume, or to get any clew as to when it went or where!

Stolen from J. W. Houx,

Book-keeping taught in three words,
Never lend them.

The would-be borrower who finds these sentiments in the book he was about to ask for will scarcely be encouraged to do so, and for directness they are exceeded by only one example, in which the owner’s name is followed by the simple declaration, He does not lend books. The motto on the plate of the late George Ticknor—Suum cuique, To every man his own—was also calculated to discourage the borrower.{25}

But some people do lend books, and have them returned too,—in good second-hand condition. And so it comes about that the proper use of books is made the subject of another class of mottoes.

The following verse is common property and is found on several plates:—

On the plate of Samuel W. Francis appear the following lines:—

The property
of
Thomas C. Cowan.
 
Borrower,
read, mark, and Avoid
the former part
of
Psalm xxxvii. 21.

{27}

In strong contrast to all the preceding are those mottoes of generous souls who find no pleasure in withholding their treasures, but who wish to have it understood that they are for the use of all; not very many are bold enough to thus advertise their willingness to lend, but a few do so, and generally by the use of the Latin, Sibi et amicis, or et amicorum.

Sentiments in praise of books and reading are not uncommon, and quotations from classic{28} writers both in prose and poetry do good service on book-plates. Pope’s well-known lines—

are found on an old American plate.

On a recent New York plate,—

On a Maine plate,—

On a recent Boston plate,—

On a recent Western plate,—

On a recent Washington plate,—

{29}

{30}

The mottoes on the plates of those who have achieved distinction have a peculiar interest, especially when chosen by the owners themselves. The plate of Henry W. Longfellow bears the following line:—

which is from an unknown author and is found in the following verse:—

The motto of George Washington,—Exitus acta probat, is not given in the accepted lists as the family motto of his ancestors, but it may have been such. The meaning of it has brought out criticism recently because of its Jesuitical sound,—“The end shows the deed.” But this may also be taken as a patriotic utterance in view of the part of the illustrious owner of this plate in the Revolution.

On the plate of William Penn we see a motto most fitting for the character he sustained, Dum clavum rectum teneam—“While I hold to glory, let me hold to right.” In the plate the third word is omitted, as the engraver found the motto too long for the space reserved, and through some{31}

{32}

blunder the r in clarum is changed to a v, which makes no sense at all.

On the plate of George Bancroft, the late historian, a chubby cherub bears a panel on which is the motto, Sursum corda. Another plate was also used by Mr. Bancroft which was in all respects like the above, except that the motto was changed to ΕΙΣ ΦΑΟΣ.

The plate of the late Mr. George W. Childs has the following motto whose appropriateness is evident at once,—The pen is mightier than the sword. Above this a second motto of equal appropriateness is given,—Nihil sine labore.

On the plate of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Per ampliora ad altiora is given upon a ribbon under a beautiful drawing of the “chambered nautilus.”

Instances of mottoes which are cleverly made to carry some meaning, or some word, which will be seen at a glance to be taken from the name of the owner, are found often.

On the plate of Harold Clarence Ernst this motto is given, Ernst ist das Leben.{33}

On the plate of George Curry, D.D.,—Sic curre capias.

On the plate of Edward Spencer Dix,—Quod dixi id feci.

In concluding this list of mottoes two from the Welsh can be instanced, one on the plate of a New York collector of Welshiana, which is Cared Doeth Yr Encilic, meaning, “The learned love the{34} things of the past.” The other is on a Washington plate, and reads thus, A fynno Dwy y Fydd, meaning, “What God wills, will be.”

In the list of languages used on book-plates, we must now include the Volapük, for we have the first instance of its use already in a New York plate; the motto reading, Menad bal pukbal, and meaning, “One humanity, one language.”

{35}

ARMORIAL BOOK-PLATES.

OOK-PLATES admit of many kinds of extraneous ornamentation, and wholly apart from the special function of recording the ownership of books, they serve as expressions of artistic taste; they lend themselves readily to many forms of design, and have passed through several changes or “styles” in the three hundred years of their existence; they can be dignified or flippant, serious or punning, of artistic beauty or positive deformity; they can express the owner’s choice of reading and can preserve lines from his favorite authors; can convey warning or invitation, and can, in short, be made a very personal affair.

The first book-plates were heraldic. In those early and, in some senses, good old days, before the schoolmaster was abroad in the land, when learning was the possession of the aristocrats and the churchmen only, and consequently when handwriting was not in use among the people, families were distinguished by emblems which were known of all. These heraldic devices were painted on their shields, carved upon their walls,{36} engraved upon their breast-plates, woven upon their banners and their tapestries, displayed upon their own persons, upon those of their dependents, and even upon their animals and the furniture and books of their homes; even the purely ornamental and ephemeral luxuries came to be adorned with the family coat-of-arms.

The armorial bearings, stamped upon the back or sides of a book, or printed upon paper and pasted within the cover, were sufficient, without a name, to identify the family to which it belonged. Libraries descended from father to son,{37} and were kept intact for generations; and the family arms and motto were the most appropriate label possible.

Warren, one of the first to study book-plates and to give to others the benefit of his researches, has divided the armorial plates into general classes, and has given them suitable names, which are accepted the world over. A considerable number of subdivisions has been made; and while they may be serviceable where book-plates are plentiful, they are but an incumbrance to the collector of the early plates of America, for our examples are few in number, and are quite sufficiently distinguished—for the purpose of the present work, at least—by the following styles: Early English, Jacobean, Chippendale, Ribbon, and Wreath. Distinctive, easily remembered characteristics pertain to each of these, and fairly accurate dates of their adoption and continuance can be given.

Adopting then the nomenclature of Warren, and following his lead, we come now to consider the meaning of the different styles and the diversity of their designs.

The very earliest class is the Early English, in which the shield of arms is present with all its accessories. In these plates the mantling is very profuse, and in large full-rounded curves surrounds three, and often all four, sides of the shield. This is the only ornamentation, nothing incidental being added as yet; the name of the owner is usually or often accompanied by a title and address, and quite frequently also by the date.{38}

We have but few examples of this style; perhaps the most satisfactory as an example of the class will be the plate of Joseph Dudley, dated 1754. (This plate was really engraved much earlier than this. Hurd erased the original name, and cut the present one with the date in its place.) In this the mantling, running out beyond the edges of the shield, curls both upward and downward, and completely envelops three sides;{39} the design takes on a strong resemblance to oak leaves, and a single leaf of this is engraved upon the helmet: the background, or space enclosed within the scroll-work, is filled in with perpendicular lines which might be taken for the tincture gules; in the name-bracket, the oak-leaf pattern is again made use of, forming a neat finish to the ends.

In the plate of The Honourable Wm. Carmichael, Esqr., the mantling is not so completely transformed into the oak-leaf design, although the latter is here apparent. The plate of Jer. Dummer, Anglus Americanus is peculiar in that the space enclosed by the scroll-work is lined with the solid brick wall of the later Jacobean style; in this the{40}

mantling is less striking than in the Dudley, but it surrounds the shield well, and curves upward about the crest. In the Minot plate, which is very peculiar and rather difficult to classify, the mantling is very unworthy of the name; it does not proceed from the helmet, nor indeed from anywhere in particular, but in wild and very eccentric fashion, envelops the crest and most of the shield; the field of the shield is tinctured azure, and it is{41} enclosed within a border or moulding which nearly surrounds it, but leaves a portion at the base unprotected; a further peculiarity of this moulding is that it is an integral part of the helmet, for it curves over at the top of the shield and actually proceeds from the helmet.

A very fine example of this style is the Francis Page plate.

The next style is the Jacobean, commonly spoken of as existing from about 1700 to about 1745; the styles overlap naturally, and no hard-and-fast period can be established within which only one particular style of plate was used. Examples of the Jacobean plate are found in England which would date later than 1745, and the style which succeeded this was used somewhat before the year which begins its accepted period: the dates of the periods, then, are approximate. The names by which the different styles are known have all a good reason for their acceptance, although each one was suggested by differing circumstances.

The style of book-plate in vogue at the time of the last James is designated as Jacobean; and, while it continued in use long after the death of the deposed monarch who gave it its name, any change in its designation would be misleading. The principal features of this style are its heavy, carved appearance, the evenly balanced proportions, and the exact coincidence of the two sides of the design. The shield, always of regular outline, is usually placed upon an ornamental frame whose background, or lining, is either filled in{42}

with a fish-scale pattern, diapered into the lozenge form or built up solidly with a wall of brick. This lining shows at both sides of the shield, below, and, less often, above it; its sides are convoluted; they run out in foldings and scrolls resembling the carving on wood, and are often worked into elaborate patterns: sometimes, too, the design is surrounded by a carved moulding which makes a heavy frame of rectangular form and massive appearance. This style of plate, well-handled, is exceedingly handsome, and is capable of more repose and dignity than any other. Very forbidding indeed, and over-solemn, are some examples, but in the main the purely Jacobean plates are{43} very pleasing. Among the accessories usually found are a scallop-shell with the concave side turned towards the observer, and placed either below the shield to support it, or above it to set it off: this shell is always looked for in the Jacobean plates, and indeed a shelly motive is apparent throughout very many examples. The helmet and mantling are conspicuous, especially the latter, as it is often enlarged and emphasized by being drawn into the general scheme of decoration; very full, reaching far down the sides of the shield-frame, and indeed often curiously woven into the convolutions of the frame itself, it at times loses its significance: grotesque faces sometimes peer from the ornamentation, and heads of satyrs and demons are frequently used to rest the base of the shield upon. In some instances the name is placed upon a bracket similar to the upper part of the plate in decoration, or, again, it may be seen upon a small curtain or lambrequin caught up at the ends with string. Very often, too, no setting is provided for the name, and it is simply engraved beneath the design. Eagles, lions, termini, cherubs, and sometimes cornucopiæ of fruit or flowers, angels blowing upon trumpets, and stiff stalks of flowers are introduced into the ornamentation. But these do not succeed in enlivening the style of the plate materially, for it is essentially heavy, conservative, and formal in design and spirit. No graceful airiness rests upon it, and it provokes no joyous sentiment, but rather rouses respect and enforces stateliness. The general appearance of the Jacobean plate is as if carved{44} from wood. We do not expect old carving to be anything but solid and immobile, and these characteristics are present in this style of book-plate. Indeed, Warren, in his chapter on the Jacobean style, says that no antiquary can fail to note the strong similarity of treatment and design between the wood-carving preserved in the churches of the time of Charles the Second and the mouldings on the monuments of the same period, and the book-plates of the style we have considered. Our finest example of the Jacobean book-plate is found in the work of Thomas Johnston, who made the plate of William P. Smith, A.M. This is a typical example of the later Jacobean style, and is worthy of particular study. The Elizabethan shield is set against a frame which is very elaborately carved and ornamented; the lining is covered with the fish-scale pattern, and this extends also to the arms and convolutions upon the sides. At the base of the shield the scallop-shell is in position as prescribed, and is surrounded by a little frame of its own; the mantling is very slight indeed, breaking out from the wreath and also from the lower part of the helmet, in short and simple spirals. The motto is found on a ribbon which is gracefully strung upon the scrolls at the bottom of the design.

In the Spooner plate, by Hurd, the shield, also of Elizabethan pattern, is set against a diapered background; beneath the shield, within a little frame, the head of a sphinx is seen; term-figures are placed in the scroll-work at either side, and from their hands depend bouquets of flowers;{45}

{46}

the crest is overarched with a bit of old scallop-shell, and the motto is given on a plain ribbon which, wholly unsupported, maintains a curved position under the whole design. In the Andrew Tyler plate, also by Hurd, a grotesque face supports the shield, the lining is elaborately diapered, and a festoon of cloth depends from the lower scrolls of the frame. In the small-sized plate of John Allen, the lining is embellished with the simple lattice-work, in two patterns.

{47}

Closely succeeding the Jacobean, and indeed coming into use before the latter was wholly discarded, the Chippendale style of book-plate may be regarded as in a way an evolution from the Jacobean. If the parent was dignified and conservative, the offspring was dainty and progressive; the Jacobean style maintained its dignity and{48} decorous nicety to the end, but the Chippendale, which started in with a taking air of modest and light gracefulness, in strong and pleasing contrast to the solidity of its predecessor, rapidly assumed a most elaborate and ornate manner, and finally sank into a wild, riotous, and well-nigh sensuous profusion of decorative expression, which being too heavy for it to sustain, bore it down to its end. The character of the Chippendale plate, while attractive and beautiful in its pure form, had essential elements of weakness, which, hardly able to resist development, were certain to cause its downfall.

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As is natural to suppose, the name was bestowed upon this style because of its assimilation of the ornate and flowery spirit which the famous T. Chippendale at this period introduced into wood-carving and upholstery. As compared with its immediate predecessor, the differences in this style of plate are seen to be principally the liberating of the decorative features from the stiffness which thralled them in the Jacobean. Not now resembling ponderous carvings in oak and mahogany, but rising free and unrestrained, the rose branches and sprigs seem to be copied from Nature herself; not arranged with careful nicety and labored uniformity as formerly, but springing from any convenient niche, they add grace and delicacy to the whole design. The helmet is seldom{50}

seen in this style of plate, the mantling is consequently absent, and the bracket supporting the shield of arms undergoes a transformation; the convolutions and scrolls on the sides become finer, freer, and less imposing; the shield is never found of any set rectangular pattern, but often is pear-shaped, shell-like in form, or indeed not unlike the oyster or the human ear in general outline; the scallop shell which formerly served as a base for the shield to rest on, is now broken into dainty{51} fragments with the pectinated edges disposed about the shield itself; the name-frame is no longer a cloth curtain, but is a scroll with indented edges and curling outlines.

In its highest development the Chippendale plate is a beautiful piece of work; the richness of its curves, its plentitude of graceful scrolls, its profusion of roses in garlands or on the stem, and the elaborate detail noticeable in all its parts,{52} combine to make a plate of delightful airiness and dainty nicety; but in the hands of weak designers, as pointed out by Warren, its possibilities of over-ornamentation were seized upon, and we find the most unexpected and incongruous assortment of figures from life, architectural fragments, allegorical subjects and other features not to be included in any particular class, occupying convenient places about the escutcheon; we find sleek shepherds clad in the fashionable clothes of the day,—knee-breeches, ruffled shirt with Byron collar, large felt hats, and buckled shoes; we see would-be shepherdesses in big hooped-skirts, very low-necked bodices and slight waists, wearing frizzly hair and Gainsborough hats, and carrying dainty crooks; scantily draped figures recline under the trees, while attendant cupids make music or hasten up with books. Turning from these pastoral scenes, we come across plates which have a most frightful dragon with scaly body, forked tail, and fiery, bulging eyes, who spits fire as he crouches among the roses; in others we find cornices, columns, arches, and urns; fountains, hand-glasses, ships, nautical instruments, lambs, dogs,—in short, it is useless to name the great number of irrelevant articles which were made use of. The plate was made to carry any amount of heterogeneous ornamentation which the designer fancied; it seems in some cases as if the details were employed with rightful reference to the tastes or pursuits of the owner, but in the greater number the fancy was allowed free play.

Hurd’s work furnishes us with the best examples{53}

of the pure Chippendale style; the Chandler plate, the Wentworth, and the Dumeresque are good examples; Dawkins gives us the later and debased Chippendale with all its profusion of extrinsic ornamentation. The Samuel Vaughan plate is a very fine example of good Chippendaleism, and may be taken as a standard by which to recognize the features of this style. The Robt. Dinwiddie plate is a fine example of this style,{54} though the heraldry may be questioned: this, according to Hardy, is of Scotch make.

In the Ribbon and Wreath style, which came into vogue in England about 1770, and in the United States not much before 1790, we note a return to simplicity. The later Chippendale plates, with their over-burdened frames, now yield to this quiet style, which is unassuming and very pleasing. In this the shield is usually{55}

heart-shaped, is not set against a background, and has absolutely no carved work about it; the shield is often unsupported, but is sometimes hung by ribbons or festoons from wall-pins above; the decoration, as the name suggests, consists principally of ribbons, and wreathing in various forms. At the present day we use in our wall-paper, upholstery, and wood-carving on furniture and mantels, and even on outside cornices, a certain form of garland or festoon tied with ribbon which we call “Colonial”; in a general way this resembles{56} the decoration features of the Ribbon and Wreath book-plate. From wall-pins with fancy oval or round heads, festoons of flowers depend above the shield; branches of holly and palm, often tied with a ribbon whose fluttering ends bear a motto or the name, are crossed beneath the shield, and their graceful sprays extend up either side. Some of the festoons are rich with blossoms, others, more slender, are of leaves only, while a few are made of cloth; the full garlands are usually hung from above the shield, while the thinner style is draped in any place and manner acceptable to the designer, and with more or less of gracefulness, as his skill permitted. This style of plate calls for nothing more than its legitimate features to render it effective and satisfactory, and in general the plates are in the pure style; but in some of the New York plates, there are books, writing materials, and bits of landscape introduced under the shield.

The Thomas Johnston plate by Maverick is a fine example of this style. Maverick was the most prolific worker in the Ribbon and Wreath, while Callender and Rollinson also used it very largely. The Prosper Wetmore plate by Maverick, the John Sullivan by Callender, and the Horatio Shepherd Moat by Rollinson, are all excellent examples.{57}

PICTORIAL AND ALLEGORICAL BOOK-PLATES, AND PLATES OF COLLEGES LIBRARIES, AND SOCIETIES.,

ESIGNS which are wholly pictorial or which are meant to convey meaning by their symbolism are not very numerous with us. This style of design is no better suited to the plates of public libraries, schools, and societies, than to those of individuals, but nearly all of our early examples of this style are found to belong to the former class.

One of the early personal plates of this kind is that of James Parker, who was a collector of curios, medals, and books. He was a conductor on the old Western Railroad, and ran the first train between Worcester and Springfield. This plate is fully described in the List.

Of an entirely different style is the plate engraved by Harris for Henry Andrews. This is pictorial, introducing classical features, but hardly rising to the height of allegory. The plate of Bloomfield McIlvaine is also pictorial, and probably allegorical, as the figure seems to represent History. In the Samuel Parker plate we have{58}

{59}

allegory with a label to identify it; for the bank on which the muse of History reclines is labelled Clio. A very peculiar pictorial plate is that of Edward Pennington, which seems to represent an overflowing reservoir.

The plates of McMurtrie, Kip, Mann, Russell, Swett and Hooper are good examples of the class. Examples could be given at greater length, but as all are carefully described in the List, the reader is referred to it.

The most interesting of the old society and{60}

{61}

{62}

library plates are the three of the New York Society Library, the two of the libraries in Farmington, Conn., and that of the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts.

In the plates of the Society Library allegory is rampant. Minerva appears in all of them, and in the two by Maverick is the principal figure. In both of these she appears to an American Indian, whose attitude shows his deep appreciation of the benefits of education as offered by the resplendent goddess. In one case she is represented as having just arrived from Olympus, and is still encircled by clouds; in the other, she seems quite at home in the alcove of the library, and has taken a suitable volume from the shelf for the use of the savage. In the plate by Gallaudet for this library the allegory is extended, and other prominent inhabitants of the abode of the celestials are present. The arts and sciences which the books of the library treat of are represented by implements and symbols easily recognized.

The plate of the Monthly Library in Farmington also uses allegory. The designer and engraver of this plate was Martin Bull, an old deacon in the village, who was quite an interesting man. He was a goldsmith, a maker of silver buttons, and spoons; a manufacturer of saltpetre when needed by the army, a conductor of church music, town treasurer for eight years, clerk of probate for thirty-nine years, a strong patriot, and a writer of long and appallingly solemn letters to the youth of the village when{63}

{64}

at college. The library was founded in 1795,—about as soon as our soldier-citizens could settle down into reading stay-at-homes,—and was conducted upon the plan of monthly exchanges. On the first Sabbath of the month all members would assemble in the evening and pass in their books and receive others, the choice being auctioned off. Two dollars and a half a month was thus realized, and the meeting was the event of the month to the sturdy inhabitants of the quiet town, to say nothing of the younger folk, to whom it must have afforded coveted opportunities for pleasant meetings, and quiet walks along the lanes. On the first day of the new century, January, 1801, the library changed its name to that which appears upon the book-plate, and on which the good deacon exhibited a specimen of his highest art. Previously to this date it had gone under the name of “The Library in the First Society in Farmington,” and its first book-plate, probably engraved by the good deacon, had the simple name with no pictorial accessories.

Contemporaneously with this, another library called the Village Library, was in operation, and continued until 1826, when it was merged with a third. This library also had a book-plate, but it was undoubtedly beyond the powers of the engraver of its forerunners. In this we see the interior of a room, in which a young lady patron of the library is storing her mind with those choice axioms which, if put in practice, far exceed the attractiveness of mere personal beauty; so says the couplet beneath the picture.{65}

The plate of the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts is also pictorial, and represents a ship of the Society, with its missionary, approaching the shore of savage America: this plate is dated 1704, and is very curious and interesting. The society grew from the efforts of one Rev. Thomas Bray, who established thirty-nine parochial libraries in the American Colonies for the purpose of propagating the doctrines{66}

of the Church. In 1698, King’s Chapel, Boston, received some two hundred books from this society, which were described as “an arsenal of sound theological, ecclesiastical, and political doctrines for the Ministers of His Majesty’s Chapel.” For the prevention of loss or embezzlement, and that they might be known wherever{67}

found, “in every book, on the inside cover shall be these words, ‘Sub auspiciis Wilhelmi III,’ and also the Library to which they belong, thus ‘E Bibliotheca Bostoniana.’ ” This must have been in addition to the plate we are considering, as no words descriptive of particular ownership are given: possibly this plate was used in all the books belonging to the society, and the supplementary one was for use in each individual library.

————

College plates are as a general thing very plain, but the plates used by the societies supported by the students and the alumni, are often very elaborate. The early societies in Harvard and in Yale had curious and very interesting examples of the allegorical and symbolic plate.

The Hasty Pudding Society and the Porcellian Club of Harvard College, the Linonian Society and the Brothers in Unity of Yale College, are examples. In Dartmouth College, the Social Friends Society, and in the smaller colleges numerous other fraternities and societies, used plates of simpler style.

The books of the Library of Harvard College were marked with plates by Hurd and Bowen, as noted in the list; on these plates, the gifts of various benefactors are recorded, with the class to which they belonged, conditions regarding the gift of the books, or a statement of the fund from whose income the money for the books is derived.

The plate of the Library of Congress is an engraved label having the name and spaces for{68}

{69}

{70}

entries surrounded by a border of oak leaves and acorns: the design is very neat, and is old in appearance.

A very beautiful plate is used by some Orphan Asylum, which does not give its full name upon its plate. In this a beautiful picture of the Christ blessing the little ones is given; the line “Forasmuch as ye did it unto one of the least of these, ye did it unto Me,” is given under the vignette.

In the plate of the Library of the New York State Agricultural Society, which was incorporated in 1832, Ceres is seen in the field; behind her the sheaves of wheat extend in rows; one arm clasps a cornucopia, and with the hand of the other she extends a wreath.

In a great many instances the plates of libraries{71} had no pictorial features, or indeed anything at all ornamental, being but the printed rules governing the users of the books. Two examples of this kind of plate are given below.

This VOLUME
belongs to
PRICHARD’S
Circulating Library,
Containing nearly Two Thousand Volumes,
In Market Street, Baltimore,
where
LADIES OR GENTLEMEN
may become
READERS
By subscribing for one Month, three Months or by
Agreement for a single Book. Said Prichard has also a
very great Variety of NEW and OLD BOOKS for Sale.
He, likewise,
Gives Ready Money for New and Old Books.
———
Union Circulating Library,
201 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

Subscribers to pay in advance, six dollars for a year: three dollars and fifty cents for six months: two dollars for three months: one dollar for one month: each subscriber to have three Duodecimo volumes, or one Octavo and one Duodecimo at a time. A subscriber detaining an Octavo longer than four weeks or a Duodecimo longer than two weeks to pay as a non-subscriber. For each Octavo one eighth of a dollar per week until the end of the fourth week when the rate was doubled. For a Duodecimo one sixteenth of a dollar per week until the end of the second week.

Constant attendance at the Library from Sunrise till 8 o’clock in the evening.{72}

In mentioning a few examples of the plates recently made for societies and libraries, no attempt is made to furnish a complete list, nor even to mention all the attractive plates, but to speak of a few which seem of especial interest.

A pleasing architectural plate is used in Columbia College Library to mark the books of the Avery Architectural Library. This was designed by Russell Sturgis, and is in the form of a memorial window or mortuary mural tablet. The central panel bears the inscription, and the date MDCCCXC is given below.{73}

The plate of the Arnold Arboretum, designed by George Wharton Edwards, is very attractive; the just-rising sun shines upon a white pine which stands within an elliptical frame; the names of the Institution and of the University appear upon ribbons which float from the pine. The plate is dated 1892, and is signed, G. W. E.

The same artist designed the first book-plate of the Grolier Club of New York City. In this, Atlas is seen supporting the arms of the club within a circular frame which bears the name, and the date of the founding of the club, 1884; rich foliations with a pounced background surround this central design. The plate is signed G. W. E.

The Public Library of the old whaling town of New London has a plate which is wholly nautical in construction; the name is given on a wheel which is held by a seaman, while the captain stands by in pea-jacket and rough-weather helmet, giving orders; the sail, which rises behind them, affords space for the number of the book; below the deck on which the mariners stand, are seen harpoons and spears of various sizes and kinds; two dolphins are disporting in the waves. This plate is signed by the name of the artist in full. It is by Mr. Edwards.

The Sutro Library of San Francisco uses a plate which gives a large and interesting picture of the natural resources of the locality, and the enterprises carried on in its vicinity; the motto, Labor omnia vincit, appears on the ribbon which floats in the air.{74}

{75}

The Watkinson Library of Hartford uses one of the very few portrait plates in the country; just why this style of plate should not be common is not easy to understand. They are used in Boston and Worcester, as mentioned below, but these instances are all that occur in public libraries. In this plate the portrait of David Watkinson, the founder of the library, is enclosed within an oval frame which bears the name and the date of incorporation, 1858. The plate is signed by the American Bank Note Company, New York, and is an excellent piece of steel engraving.

Almost all of the historical societies use plates in which the arms of the state or city in which they are located, are used. The Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Maine Historical Societies have plates of this kind. In the last-named plate an inescutcheon bears four important dates in the history of the state of Maine.

The Rowfant Club of Cleveland uses a small plate representing the corner of a library; the open window admits the fading light of the sun, which is sinking into the sea; the lattice swings idly, and the pile of books on the table proclaim a busy day.

A very striking plate is used by the University Club of Washington. A wall of rough-faced stone is pierced by a small quatrefoil window in which{76}

{77}

a book is laid; the date 1891 is stamped upon the side of the book. Below this, Ionic columns support the wall; between them, in a smooth space, is carved the name and city of the club. The plate is signed Hy. Sandham.

In the Boston Public Library a large number of different plates is used for the volumes coming from different legacies or funds, and in very many{78} cases these plates give a portrait of the donor. Thus we find these portraits on the plate used in the books from the Ticknor Fund, the Phillips Fund, and the Franklin Club Fund. The books remaining from the library of Thomas Prince are also marked with a plate which gives his portrait and a picture of the old meeting-house, in which he preached, and in which the books were stored at one time.

Portraits also appear upon the book-plates of the American Antiquarian Society, which gives that of Ginery Twichell; and the Massachusetts Historical Society, which has a plate giving a portrait of James Savage.

The public libraries of to-day do not usually use elaborate plates in their book-covers; simple labels, with perhaps a city or corporation seal, are the common kind.

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BOOK-PLATES OF SPECIAL INTEREST.

EVERAL reasons can be given for the fact that collectors regard some book-plates as of more value than others. With book-plates, as in other lines of collecting, rarity is a desirable feature, and is a prominent element in deciding values.

All of our early American plates can fairly be called scarce when compared with the foreign examples of the same period, for they outnumber ours, fifty to one; but many among ours are rarer than others. The John Franklin, brother of Benjamin, signed by Turner, is an exceeding rare plate; the Thomas Dering, signed by Hurd, is very rare. The plates of Stephen Cleveland, Samuel Chase, Francis Kinloch, Edward Augustus Holyoke, John Vassal, Lewis De Blois, Lenthal, Apthorp, the John Pintard, by Anderson, and many others are not seen in many collections. The plate of George Washington is the most valuable probably of our plates; and while we know the location of a good many of his books that have the plate within the covers, they are in no way{80} obtainable: this plate is not very common, but more copies of it are owned than of some others.

The libraries of our early days, while of respectable size, were not so large as to require the printing of thousands of book-plates; fire and mob violence have destroyed many books of those old collections and their plates with them. Harvard, Yale, William and Mary, and Princeton{81}

have all suffered the loss of books by fire, while many smaller private libraries have been thus devastated. Mr. John Pintard used to say that he had seen the British soldiers carrying away books from the library of Columbia College to barter for grog, and a similar fate from similar hands overtook many of the books stored in the belfry-chamber of the Old South Church, Boston, while later in our history, worse depredations were committed in the Southern cities by soldiers, who took the liberty which war accords to contestants, to despoil many a building, both public{82} and private, ruining books, records, paintings, and other property of antiquarian and historical value. So that the early American plates, at the first not so very numerous, have been reduced at times by wholesale measures.

A second item of interest to the collector is the signature of the engraver of the plate. Signed plates have a value over those which are not signed. The identification of a plate, or the determination of its age, may be considerably strengthened if the engraver’s name appears upon the copper. Then, too, the name of a famous engraver lends much additional interest to a plate. A book-plate signed by Paul Revere arrests the attention of any observer at once, and establishes a value to the same. Likewise a plate signed by Hurd, Doolittle, Dawkins, Anderson, Maverick, Callender, or Turner is worth much more to the collector than one of equal age but of unknown workmanship.

Dated plates also rank among the more valuable examples. A glance at the chronological list will show how small a number of these we can boast: many of those appearing in the list, too, are simply printed name-labels, which do not rank as high as the more pretentious specimens. Our very earliest dated example is the label of the Rev. John Williams, 1679, the first minister in Deerfield, Mass., and who with his wife and children was carried into captivity by the Indians in 1704. Coming next are the plates of Francis Page, 1703, and William Penn, 1703, but they are both of English make. The plate of Thomas{83}

{84}

Prince, who was for forty years the pastor of the Old South Society in Boston, is a simple label dated 1704. The plate of Thomas Dering, signed by Hurd, and dated 1749, is the first American plate by an American engraver that is both signed and dated. The John Burnet, by Dawkins, dated 1754, is next in order; then comes the Greene plate, by Hurd, 1757, the Albany Society Library, 1759, concerning which very little is known, and every few years an example until we come to the opening of the century.

{85}

Naturally the artistic quality of a book-plate influences its value; the more elaborate designs are preferred to the plain armorials or the printed labels. Pictorial plates, introducing bits of landscape, interiors of libraries, or allegorical subjects, are sought for, as are plates which are accepted as particularly good types of the different styles. In addition to these technical reasons for valuing one plate more highly than another may be given others which will appear more reasonable perhaps to the general reader. All articles belonging to the noted men of the past have a certain antiquarian value greater than attaches to the kindred belongings of their contemporaries of lesser or no fame. So with book-plates.

A glance at the list will show a goodly number of names which we remember with pride and interest; the names of patriots, orators, lawyers, statesmen, officers of the army, officers of the state and nation, members of Congress, signers of the Declaration, governors, old-time merchants, authors, divines, physicians, and not a few of that plucky number who stood by the King in trying times—the American Loyalists. Quakers, too, as well as royal office-holders, and titled Americans are among those whose book-plates have come down to us.

Of our early Presidents, the plates of George Washington, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and John Tyler are known to us. All of these except the last, which is a plain printed label, are armorial.

{86}Members of the Boston Tea Party, of the Constitutional Convention, and of the early Assemblies are among those whose plates we know.

Of royal officers we have: Craven, one of the Lords Proprietors of South Carolina; Elliston, Collector of His Majesty’s Customs at New York; Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania; John Tabor Kempe, Attorney-General under the Crown at New York; and William Penn, Proprietor and Governor of the colony which bore his name.

Owners of large estates, employers of numbers of slaves, merchants whose vessels carried on a{87} trade with remote and prosperous shores, and who established names that have endured, used book-plates which are still known to us. Among these are the plates from the following families, well-known in New England: Ames, Bowdoin, Cabot, Chandler, Chauncey, Coffin, Lodge, Lowell, Minot, Quincy, Sears, Winthrop, Barrell, Greene, Perkins, Swan, Vassall, and Vaughan.

Of those well-known in and about New York may be mentioned, Clinton, Colden, Constable, Cutting, De Peyster, Duer, Ellery, Goelet, Hoffman, Ogden, Paulding, Phillipse, Pintard, Van Cortlandt, and Van Rensselaer. To these should be added the Livingstons, which family had the largest number of book-plates of any we know.{88}

In Philadelphia were the Logans, Morgans, Powels, Banckers, and Hamiltons; while further South, the Lees, Lightfoots, Tayloes, Wormeleys, Pages, Cabels, Tubervilles, Armisteads, Byrds, Blands, Bollings, Dinwiddies, Fitzhughs, Hubards, Magills, and Randolphs used plates and were families of prominence and distinction.

Among the prominent Loyalists are Chalmers, Cooper, Hallowell, Hamilton, Livius, Lloyd, Oliver, and Robinson. Of titled Americans the following used book-plates: Fairfax, Gardiner, Murray of Dunmore, and the Pepperrell families.{89}

Of the early authors we can mention Alsop, Antill, Bozman, Byrd, Dana, Key, Stith, and Abercrombie; of physicians, Assheton, Bond, Beatty, Holyoke, Middleton, and Jeffries; of the statesmen, Bayard, Carmichael, Dana, Duane, Gallatin, Jay, Lewis, Marshall, Norris, and Randolph.

Among the early clergymen can be named Apthorp, Boucher, Williams, Jarvis, and Provoost.

Allen and Thomas, early printers; Aitkin, who made the first American edition of the Holy Bible; and Bartram, the great botanist, used plates, which are described in the list.{90}

Bloomfield, Brearly, Banister, Chester, Eustace, Hale, Mercer, Schuyler, Sullivan, and Varick are among the soldiers of the Revolutionary army; and of the orators we have Otis and Randolph.

Coming now to the signers of the Declaration, we find that we know thus far the plates of eleven of them: John Adams, Charles Carroll, Samuel Chase, Thomas Hayward, William Hooper, Francis Hopkinson, Benjamin Rush, Richard Stockton, George Taylor, Oliver Wolcott, and George Wythe.

Surely the book-plates of all these men whose mention stirs patriotic feeling, are of exceeding interest, and worthy to rank with any in point of value and appreciation.

No book-plate, however, is of greater interest to the American collector than that of George Washington, not alone by reason of the prominence of that eminent man, but because of the scarcity of the plate, the high price it brings, and the interesting fact that it is the only American plate which has been deemed worthy of counterfeiting.

A genuine contemporary print of this plate is readily recognized by the connoisseur. The plate has no striking features, but is a regular design in the pure Chippendale style. The arms are displayed upon a shield of the usual shell-like form, and the sprays and rose branches of this style are used in the ornamentation of the sides of the escutcheon. The motto, Exitus acta probat, is given upon its ribbon at the base of the shield, and the name is engraved in script on{91}

the bracket at the bottom of the design. In general appearance the plate is like scores of Chippendale plates of the period.

The interesting question of the probable engraver of the plate has arisen, and in a most readable article from the pen of Mr. R. C. Lichtenstein, in the “Curio,” on the Library of Washington, the following opinion is advanced: “It was his [Washington’s] habit as a general rule to write his name on the right-hand corner of the title-page and place inside his book-plate. It has been a matter of uncertainty as to whether that{92} book-plate was engraved in England or in this country. Washington, like other Virginia gentlemen before the Revolution, was in the habit of ordering goods every year from London; but we have searched the various orders to his agents in London, and examined as far as practicable the items of his household expenses, without finding any such item. The strongest argument that can be said in its favor proving it to be American work is the poor heraldry displayed in its coat-of-arms, general make-up, and drawing. It will be noticed that the engraver has placed a wreath under the crown (an absolute heresy), and this, with the faulty drawing of the raven, makes the whole plate a very slovenly piece of work. No engraver with any knowledge of the fundamental laws of heraldry would be guilty of drawing such a coat-of-arms as this. The arms of Washington engraved on his seal and ring, undoubtedly cut in England, are correctly done. It seems more than probable, if the plate had been done in England that the engraver would not have been guilty of making such blunders. We have seen a great many English plates, but have never noticed one bearing these peculiarities. From its general appearance we should say that the plate was made in America somewhere between the years 1777 and 1781.”

Collectors are divided in their opinions upon this question, and although not ready to hazard a guess at the engraver, the present writer believes the plate was engraved in England, and would place the date nearly a decade earlier. As the{93} friend of the Fairfax family, Washington might have had the plate made upon the occasion of their ordering work of the same kind from England, or, indeed, it might have been a gift to him from them, or from some admiring friend. As he was a methodical man, the fact that no entry of an expense for such an article is found in his records may lend color to the presentation theory. As to the errors in heraldry, there is a plate of one Richard Washington, which has all the peculiarities of this plate, and this is signed by Bickham, who was an English engraver of some note. He was a trifle early perhaps to have been the engraver of the George Washington plate, but he may have made the plate which served as a copy for it. But whether the plate was of domestic or foreign make, we know that the copper was in this country, and that impressions were made from it not so very many years ago. The late Mr. Mauran of Newport knew the man who owned this, and it seems that having printed what he deemed a sufficient number of re-strikes from it, this man, fearing lest others would in time get it and make more prints, cut the copper into pieces and going out on a bridge over the Schuylkill River, threw them in! There they may be looked for by any who choose.

The counterfeit of this plate appeared in an auction sale of books, in the city of Washington, about the year 1863. The late Dr. W. F. Poole with Dr. J. M. Toner was present at the sale. The plate was placed in these books for the purpose of getting a higher price for them than could{94}

otherwise have been obtained. These gentlemen detected the fraudulent plate, and denounced it as such in the auction-room, and the books brought only their actual value as books. Copies of this plate turn up now and then, and the unsuspecting are still deceived by it. It is readily detected if one is forewarned. The work is manifestly inferior to the good plate, the alignment of the name is poor, the quality and appearance of the paper belie its professed age, and the printing is of decidedly different appearance, being bold and strong in the genuine, and weak and thin in the{95} forgery. A further difference is noted in the crest, which is tinctured gules in the forgery and sable in the genuine. These plates are sometimes claimed to be genuine and to be an early and unsatisfactory piece of work, which Washington rejected, and which was replaced with the other and accepted plate. This idea is plausible perhaps to some, but to any who had information from Dr. Poole it is an impossible theory. Another source of confusion is in the reproductions of the plate which have been made from time to time to illustrate works on the life of Washington, some of these being quite faithful duplicates of the genuine plate with its trifling flaws; but the paper and the printing are usually conclusive proof of the age of the print. It is safe to say that there is but one genuine Washington plate. It is true that the re-strikes of the original copper are about, but these, too, are readily distinguishable by the printing and paper.

The plate of Bushrod Washington, nephew of George, is also of much interest, and the manifest similarity of its design to some of the plates by Dawkins has led to the suggestion that he made this plate. But to the mind of the writer, Dawkins was not a man of originality, and was a regular copyist when it came to book-plates; the similarity of the plate of James Samuels to this plate is rather to his mind a further evidence of the clever adoption of a reasonably good design by Dawkins, than of his having been chosen by Judge Washington to engrave his book-plate. The design of this plate is more spirited than any{96} of the authenticated work of Dawkins; indeed, it surpasses the plate of the General in that respect.

The arms are the same in these two Washington plates. In his “Barons of the Potomac and the Rappahannock” (published by the Grolier Club, 1892), Mr. Moncure Daniel Conway has referred to the older form of the arms as used by earlier members of the family. The earliest shields held “Gules on a barre argent 3 Cinquefoiles of ye first.” The second step was made by changing to the{97} following, “Gules on a fesse sable 3 mullets.” The last and present form is, “Argent, two bars gules: in chief three mullets of the second.” These last, it is claimed, suggested our national flag.

The plate of Elizabeth Graeme of Philadelphia should be noted here, as it is the only example of an heraldic plate used by a lady of colonial times. It is fully described in the list.

Leaving now these older plates of special interest to be discovered in the Lists, we turn to a few modern plates which are worthy of particular attention.

The plate of Daniel Webster is a plain armorial{98} with the motto, Vera pro gratis, on the ribbon below the shield.

The etched plate of the late James Eddy Mauran, the early collector of American and other book-plates, was an armorial of very handsome appearance. The shield is surrounded with the style of decoration used on the Chippendale examples, oak leaves being used in lieu of mantling.

An earlier plate in two sizes shows some differences in the design.

The plate of the late George W. Childs seems wholly in keeping with the career of its distinguished owner. The sword, broken into pieces by the quill, is depicted within an oval garter which bears the motto, Nihil sine labore. The words from Lytton’s Richelieu, The pen is mightier than the sword, are also given just within the frame.

Coming now to mention a few plates of our well-known men of letters, we naturally accept the plate of Oliver Wendell Holmes as worthy of the chiefest place. In this the motto, Per ampliora ad altiora, is given on a ribbon beneath a beautiful representation of the “Chambered Nautilus,” the

“If you will look into Roget’s ‘Bridgewater Treatise,’ ” said the Autocrat one morning, “you{99}

will find a figure of one of these shells and a section of it. The last will show you the series of enlarging compartments successively dwelt in by the animal that inhabits the shell, which is built in a widening spiral. Can you find no lesson in this?

A plain armorial plate with the motto, Vitam impendere vero, and the name in fac-simile of his autograph, was used by J. G. Holland.

The plate of Brander Matthews, designed by Edwin A. Abbey, represents the discovery of a mask of the old Greek comedy by an American{100} Indian. With feathers stuck in his scanty hair, and his tomahawk laid on the ground beside him, he appears to deliberate upon the possible use of the enormous face which grins at him from his knee. On a circular frame surrounding this picture the following words from Molière are given, Que pensez vous de cette comedie. The appropriateness of the design is apparent for one who is a collector of the literature of the French drama, and the author of several books relating to the stage both in America and France.

In the plate of Edmund Clarence Stedman, the author of “The Poets of America,” we see Pan piping in the sylvan glades; the shepherd and the nymph are charmed by the music, and the god is apparently at the height of his effort. The frame surrounding the design bears the words, Le Cœur au Metier, which were suggested by the address of Matthew Arnold to the Authors’ Club in 1883. This plate is made in three sizes.{101}

The plate of Thomas Bailey Aldrich presents within a square frame a picture of a black bird resting upon a comic mask; the heavy panelled frame bears the owner’s name and the words, His Mark. In his essay on American Book-plates, Mr. Laurence Hutton questions whether this black bird is representative of the Daw, and symbolic of Margery of that name.

In the plate of Eugene Field we have a beautiful example of the plain armorial, unaccompanied by motto or ornamentation of any kind.

Of similar character is the plate of Richard Grant White. This is armorial, but the motto, The right and sleep, is given, and the shield is decorated in a conventional manner, with mantling and scrolls.

A pleasing library interior is used by Arlo Bates. This represents an Oriental interior; a youth in scull-cap and flowing hair is reading a large book; a lily stem rises from a vase of striped Tyrian glass at his side; rows of books are seen at his back; and out of the arched window the distant fields are seen, with the palm and cypress trees on the hillside. This plate is produced in a new manner, being a gelatine print or half-tone direct from the pencil sketch. It preserves a very soft and pleasant effect; indeed, one feels sure it will smirch if rubbed.

Laurence Hutton in his plate places a full-length statue of Thackeray within a canopy, which seems to be a niche within a book-case. Volumes flank both sides, and the amiable face of the drastic writer looks directly at the beholder.{102} The name of the owner is given on a ribbon at the bottom of the design.

The books of the lamented actors, Edwin Booth and Lawrence Barrett, were marked with book-plates, the former using a plain armorial with no name engraved upon it, and the latter showing the mask of Tragedy upon an open volume, with the motto, Esto quod esse videris.

The reading monk, with the nimbus and star over his head, is seen in the plate of Edward Eggleston. The sentiment, Flie fro’ the presse and dwell with sothfastnesse, is given in old English letters.{103}

Mr. Rossiter Johnson uses a very plain but effective label bearing the initials R. J. printed within a plain ruled border: all in red ink.

The patriotic motto of General Winfield Scott is the family motto of the Scots of Whitislaid, Scotland, and well did the character of the man who used the book-plate depicted below coincide with its meaning.

It would be interesting to extend this list of plates used by men well known throughout the length and breadth of our land, but, unfortunately, many whose names will occur to the reader do not use a book-plate.

{104}

EARLY AMERICAN BOOK-PLATE ENGRAVERS.

ATHANIEL HURD, who was born in Boston, Feb. 13, 1730, and who died in 1777, was the best of our early engravers of book-plates. Very little is now known of him, the principal source of information being an article in the third volume of “The New England Magazine,” published in Boston in 1832 by J. T. and E. Buckingham. The only known portrait of Hurd, which is copied from an original painting of him by Copley, and which in 1832 was owned by a descendant of Hurd in Medford, Mass., also accompanies this article, and shows him as a young man with smooth face, very pleasing and intelligent features, and wearing a cap, white neck-cloth, and clothes of a pattern which give him a decidedly clerical appearance.

The only book-plate work mentioned in this article is the large plate for Harvard College. It is said that the prints done in red ink were for use in the highly valuable books which the students were not allowed to take from the library. Several brilliant caricatures, a portrait of the Rev.{105}

Dr. Sewell of the Old South Church, done in 1764, and a few other examples of his art are mentioned. He is (probably inaccurately) claimed to be the first person who undertook to engrave on copper in the United States. He was a man of natural talent and real genius, was self-instructed in his art, and was regarded as the foremost seal-cutter and die-engraver of his time, in this country.

The following advertisement from the Boston “Gazette” of April 28, 1760, is of some interest:—

Hurd worked principally in the Chippendale style; he made some plates in the Jacobean and a few in the Ribbon and Wreath styles, but he died before the latter was much in use, and the former was really going out when he took up the making of plates. Judging from the appearance of his work, his first attempts were in the Chippendale style, and the few Jacobeans he made were done after he had attained considerable efficiency.

One of his earliest specimens was undoubtedly the plate of Edward Augustus Holyoke, the famous doctor of Boston, who lived to be one hundred years old, and who was but a year or two the senior of Hurd. In this plate he used a design which he evidently believed he could improve upon, and in which he felt there were good{106} features, for we find a number of future plates of very similar design but much better execution. In the Holyoke plate the work is very crude, the lines are stiff, the drawing is poor, and the lettering of the motto and name are not good. An ugly scroll is placed under the name, and the festoon of cloth which is draped at the bottom of the frame and around the motto ribbon is especially poor; the shell at the base of the escutcheon which figures so often in future plates is here used, and the queer little flow of water from it would not be recognized as such were this the only specimen in which it occurs; the arrangement of the rose sprays, the form of the shield, and the employment of the shelly edge show a thorough study of the elements of this style. Very likely this design was copied in great part from some foreign example which had come into his possession.

In the Thomas Dering plate, which is the earliest plate dated and signed by an American engraver, this same design is improved upon; it is more compact in appearance, a little freer in execution, and the drawing is improved. The name is still not very well engraved, and top-heavy flourishes weigh down the capitals.

In the Theodore Atkinson plate the same design is still further improved upon; the flow of water from the scallop shell is here caught in a little bowl, a little additional flowery ornamentation is added, and the heraldic drawing is better. The name is again embellished with graceless flourishes.{107}

The design seems to reach perfection in the Wentworth plate; every feature is markedly better, the water still flows out of the scallop shell, the same shaped shield is used and the motto is placed upon a graceful ribbon with ends which run off into fancy foliations. The name is neat in appearance, but still there are too many scrolls.

In the plate of Robert Hale of Beverly, the old festoon of cloth noticed in the Holyoke plate is seen again, and no motto is given. The name is fairly well engraved.{108}

Later developments of this style are seen in the plates of Henry Marchant, Danforth, Nathaniel Tracy, and John Marston; in these some of the features of the former are wanting, but they are evidently a legitimate progeny in the matter of style.

Another, and without doubt the highest type of the Chippendale plate which Hurd made, is seen in the John Chandler, Jr., the Dana, the{109} Philip Dumeresque, the Vassall, and the Wilson plates. In these the shield becomes larger, the whole scheme of decoration shows more fine detail work, and the effect is lighter, more graceful, and seems at once the work of a master. The names are engraved in large bold type, with a characteristic dash after the last period.

In the Jacobean style, the earliest of Hurd’s work is undoubtedly the Lewis De Blois. This is crude in workmanship, not very good in drawing, but excellent in design, and faithful to the characteristics{110} of the style; the shield is placed against a frame which is lined with the regulation fish-scale pattern; the sides are richly foliated, the mantling is profuse and very well drawn, and the name is placed upon a fringed curtain which is tied up at the ends with ribbon.

The handsomest Jacobean plates by Hurd are the Robert Jenkins, the Spooner, and the Andrew{111} Tyler. In the former the lining is diapered, the scroll work at the side of the arms is very fine, and at the bottom, under the shield, a small vignette of a ship under full sail is very pretty. At the top of the scrolls on either side two turbanded female heads peer at each other across the crest.

In the Tyler plate the frame is very similar to the Jenkins, the lining is diapered, and the scroll at the side are the same. The little vignette at the bottom, however, is displaced by a sour face with gray hair. The two faces are replaced by urns filled with flowers, and the old cloth festoon is draped below the whole design. The Spooner plate bears no resemblance to the others, and is a more graceful design. The lining is latticed, the Sphinx head under the shield is enclosed within a frame of its own, and at either side are term figures from whose hands depend bouquets of flowers; the crest is overarched with a bit of the old scallop shell, and the motto is on a ribbon, which, wholly unsupported, maintains a curved position under the frame.

The Jacobean plates of Benjamin Greene and Peter R. Livingston are almost identical in design; the small frame which encloses the shield is lined with the fish-scale pattern, the mantling is handsome and profuse, and the motto ribbon is stretched in rather stiff manner below the frame.

Only two examples of the Ribbon and Wreath style are known as Hurd’s work, the John C. Williams and the Jonathan Jackson. These are both signed, and are very similar in design. Garlands{112} of roses depending from rings above follow closely the outline of the heart-shaped shield, and the ribbon for the motto is placed beneath, and is ornamented with fancy ends.

In the “detur” plate for Harvard College Hurd conformed to the English manner and adopted the seal-shaped design. The arms are displayed upon a heart-shaped shield which is enclosed within a circle which bears the name and motto, and this again is enclosed by a wreath of holly branches.

Hurd’s work is the most interesting found in our early days, and a study of it shows him to{113} have been progressive as well as painstaking. The Ribbon and Wreath style did not come into general use in England until about 1770, yet Hurd, who died in 1777, had used it. The colonies could not be expected to adopt the new styles of the old country immediately, and the condition of things from 1770 on to the time of Hurd’s death was not such as to encourage the introduction of “fads” or to allow much time for the development of the fine arts.

A word must be said about the heraldry on Hurd’s book-plates. This science, heraldry, was not held in such general esteem among the New Englanders as it was further south, and while many of the governors and men of high standing in the Northern colonies brought armorial seals with them, a great many who used them did so without strict heraldic authority, and when it became the fashion to use coats-of-arms in various ways, the herald painters of those days, who had but slight knowledge of heraldry and who were possessed of a copy of Guillim or some other writer on the subject, would find therein the arms of some family bearing the name of their prospective customer, and without further research would proceed to produce the coat as described. Not always were these arms so ordered correctly borne; indeed, there is much uncertainty about the arms used after about 1730 when our native engravers and painters took up the work of producing arms upon orders. Such seals as were brought by the colonists from England, and such as were used by their descendants are undoubtedly{114} correct, but the questionable arms are those which, as mentioned above, were looked up in this country only, by means of such heraldic works as were at hand. The presence of the arms then on some book-plates cannot be relied upon as sufficient and indisputable proof of their owners’ right to them.

A list of the book-plates signed by Hurd is appended.{115}

{117}

Of James Akin, who signs the Coffin and Browne plates, nothing is learned. The Hector Coffin book-plate is also signed by Francis Kearney, which would seem to indicate that Akin was associated with him. The Browne is a Philadelphia plate, and Akin may have been employed by the firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearney and Company, which was in successful operation in Philadelphia for some years.

* * *

S. Allardice was apprenticed to Robert Scott, who had been a pupil of Robert Strange, and who, coming to America, was made die-sinker to the Mint. He had previously made the architectural plates for Dobson’s Encyclopædia.

Only one example of the book-plate work of Allardice is now at hand, and that is simply an engraved label for the Library Company of Baltimore. Ornamented with flourishes, and some fancy work, it is yet of no merit as a book-plate or an example of art.

* * *

Alexander Anderson, who was the first American wood-engraver, was born in the city of New York, April 21, 1775, and lived to the advanced age of ninety-five years, dying, in 1870, in Jersey City, N.J., on the 17th of February.

At the age of twelve, with the spring of a pocket-knife, sharpened for the purpose, he tried{118}

{119}

to engrave on copper pennies rolled thin. In this way he made his first plate, which was a head of Paul Jones; and his first impression from it was made in red oil paint by a rude kind of a press of his own contrivance. With tools made by a blacksmith, he went on to cut little ships and houses on type metal for the newspapers. Being in some way led to take an interest in certain medical works, he copied many of the plates, and his father, feeling that this was a true sign of his fitness for the profession of medicine, and not discerning the talent for engraving, placed him with Dr. Joseph Young, as a student of medicine.

This step was taken with great reluctance by the youth; but he found time for both the cares of his new study, and for the pleasures of his old pastime. Various successes encouraged him, and in 1793 he cut a tobacco-stamp on wood, which appears to have been his first use of that material. Soon after this, he obtained a copy of Bewick’s “Quadrupeds,” and with the cuts found therein he was delighted. They had a strong influence upon his later work, and he has been well called the “American Bewick,” for his small wood-cuts closely resemble those of the English master in design, and his prominence in this country was equal to Bewick’s in England.

A life of Dr. Anderson has lately (1893) been issued in New York; but, to the disappointment of book-plate collectors, not a word is said of his making book-plates.

Of the seven plates by Anderson known at present, four are on wood, and three are on copper.{120}

Only one of those on wood is signed. The Lot Tripp and Josh. Russell plates are simple labels, and the Typographical Society of New York and the John Pintard, LL.D., which is signed, are pictorial. In the former, the emblems and implements of the printing trade are prominent, and in the Pintard, which is a fine example{121}

of Anderson’s best work on wood, the shield of arms is shown with a landscape for background.

The plates on copper are the Anderson, which is a Chippendale, the Apprentices’ Library, and the Columbia College, which are allegorical.

All the above will be found described in the List.{122}

There is a plate of the Apprentices’ Library Company of Philadelphia which strongly resembles the wood-cut work of Anderson, but as it is not signed it is not safely attributed to him. In the plate of A. Griggs of Philadelphia, an even more marked resemblance to his little designs on wood is seen, but this, too, is not signed.

* * *

Annin and Smith. This firm consisted of W. B. Annin and George C. Smith, and they were established in Boston from 1820 to 1837. Annin died in 1839, in Boston, and Smith, who lived to quite an advanced age, died in 1878. They engraved a number of plates for the “Token,” and for other annuals so popular sixty years ago.

The plates of Richard Taylor Auchmuty, A. L. Peirson, William H. Prescott, John Lowell, Jr., and an armorial plate for the Boylston Medical Library are signed by them, and will be found described in the List.

* * *

Abel Bowen, whose name appears on one of the plates of Harvard College, was the first wood-engraver in Boston. He was born in New York state in 1790, and he took up engraving before he was of age. In 1812 he was a printer in Boston, probably attracted thither by his uncle, who was the proprietor of the Columbian{123}

Museum. Nathaniel Dearborn claims to be the first engraver on wood in Boston, but the honor is usually accorded to Bowen. He issued, in 1816, the “Naval Monument,” and in 1817 was associated with Dearborn in engraving for Shaw’s “History of Boston.” In 1834 Bowen, with others, founded “The Boston Bewick Company,” which was an association of engravers. In the following year they issued a map of Boston, and undertook the publishing of the “American Magazine.” They were burned out in this same year. Bowen died in 1850.

* * *

John Boyd, who engraved the plate of Samuel Chase, which is taken to be the plate of the signer of the Declaration, was a Philadelphia engraver. This is the only specimen of his work on book-plates which we have, and it is a very pretty Chippendale design, delicately engraved.

In Dunlap, a J. Boyd is simply mentioned, who was engraving in Philadelphia in 1812. This, if the engraver of the Chase plate, would make him rather young at the time of doing it, and it is very good work, and not the experiment of a novice. Whether this is the same engraver, I do not know.

* * *

Joseph Callender was born in Boston, May 6, 1751. Very little is known about him, but he is reported to have acquired the plates of Peter{124} Pelham, who was presumably the first to engrave on copper in America, and to have destroyed them. Callender made most of the dies for the second Massachusetts Mint, at a cost of £1 4s. each. This was considered an exorbitant price by the superintendent, who made a contract with a Newburyport artisan, Jacob Perkins. Callender received £48 12s. for making thirty-nine dies, and repairing three others, while Perkins received but £3 18s. 10d. for his work. Callender died in Boston, Nov. 10, 1821, and was buried in the Granary Burying Ground.

The only Chippendale plate by Callender is a copy of the Atkinson plate by Hurd, and is for a member of the same family. As compared with its model, this plate shows very little difference, it is so close a copy, but the motto ribbon which is added is more graceful than those of Hurd usually were, the heraldic drawing is quite as good, and the lettering of the name is better. Callender, of course, would not have begun to engrave much before Hurd’s death; indeed, the preponderance of the Ribbon and Wreath style in his designs goes to show that his work dated towards the close of the century.

His plates in this style are very light and graceful, with no overloading; and a faithful use of the usual features of the style is apparent.

In the Russell plate he was again a copyist, using for his model the Joseph Barrell plate. The plates for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and for the Massachusetts Medical Society are practically alike; the curtain, and the{125}

{126}

ribbon and festooning are very similar, while the view within the oval frame is, of course, adapted to the use of the books of the respective societies. Callender would seem by these signs to have been a lazy engraver, or to have considered his designs so perfect as to call for no further effort.

{127}

Cephas G. Childs, who engraved the plate of Henry D. Gilpin, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1793. In the years 1827 to 1830, he published a set of views of the city of Philadelphia and its vicinity (Baker).

Henry Dawkins was an engraver of but few original ideas, if we may judge him rightly by his book-plate work. In this he was very largely a copyist. Working altogether in the Chippendale style, his designs for the most part are variations of one general plan, which seems to have been borrowed from an English-made plate. In{128} his plates we see “Chippendalism run wild.” Here are introduced the love-sick swains who play upon the flute; the dandy shepherds in stiff clothes of the most fashionable cut, flowing curls, and large felt hats; the flirting young damsels in very low-cut bodices, who play at being shepherdesses for the sake of following the above-mentioned gentle keeper of sheep. Here are the music-loving Cupids, the scantily clad females who are attended by the Cupids, and who are far from home among the trees of the wood. In the James Duane plate we find a fountain is fixed to the side of the frame, and is spouting water from the mouth of a man’s head.

But the plates of Samuel Jones, Samuel Stringer, and Peter W. Yates are proof that Dawkins could confine himself to the legitimate features of good Chippendale plates. In these no outside objects are introduced, and the design is good.

We do not know much about Dawkins. Dunlap says he was probably from England, and that he was first noticed in New York. Originally he was an ornamenter of buttons and other small bits of metal, but in America he worked at anything that offered, “suiting himself to the poverty of the arts at the time.” Dunlap dates him about 1774, evidently on the strength of the word of Dr. Anderson, who remembered to have seen “shop-bills and coats-of-arms for books,” done by him previous to 1775. However, in 1761, he engraved music for a book of Psalm Tunes published in that year in Philadelphia. His earliest dated book-plate is that of John Burnet (1754).{129} He was skilful enough to make counterfeit Continental currency, but not to avoid arrest; and in 1776 we find him suffering for this misdeed. Some time later, he forwarded the following unique petition to the Committee of Safety:—

We do not know in what manner the honorable house received this extraordinary petition; but, as book-plates are in existence in his later style, probably it was not granted. Dawkins used three distinct varieties of the Chippendale style. The plates of Benjamin Kissam, the Ludlow and Roome plates, the Whitehead Hicks and the James Duane are examples of the debased{130}

Chippendale. He had also a style which is illustrated by the Hopkinson, Samuels, and Tomlinson plates, which is closely allied to the style of the Bushrod Washington. The same hissing dragon, the same tilt to the whole design, and the similarity in detail and execution have led to the question of his being the engraver of the latter plate. It is not a question easy to decide, and collectors are divided over the question. This{131} style of plate came originally from England, we can be sure; and as Dawkins is seen to be a copyist, it is quite as likely that he copied from the Bushrod Washington plate, as that he designed it. He always used a squarer copper than the Washington plate is engraved upon; but this has evidences of having been cut down after engraving. The present writer does not think the plate can be safely attributed to Dawkins. The Child and Jones plates exemplify the third style.

The debased Chippendale plates which Dawkins made were apparently copied from an English example he had seen.

{132}

The plates of Cornelius Low and Lambert Moore, although not signed, are attributed to Dawkins.

* * *

Nathaniel Dearborn was born in 1786, and was the son of Benjamin Dearborn, a man of attainments in science. Nathaniel was one of the first wood-engravers in Boston, and was associated with Abel Bowen for a time.

The only armorial book-plate signed by Dearborn is the Charles Beck, which is a peculiar design, following no particular style, but making a pretty plate.

A second plate signed by Dearborn is the simple engraved verse for Isaac Child.

* * *

Amos Doolittle, who was born in 1754, was one of the first engravers of historical scenes in America. In Barber’s “History and Antiquities of New Haven,” published in 1831, is an advertisement of “four different views of the Battle of Lexington, Concord, etc. on the 19 April 1775.” A list of the plates follows, and it is remarked that they were “neatly engraved on copper from original paintings taken on the spot.” In a note which follows, it is further remarked that the pictures were first drawn by Mr. Earl, who was a portrait painter, and who with Mr. Doolittle was a member of the Governor’s Guard which went to Cambridge and the scene of action under the command of Arnold.{133}

As a maker of book-plates, Doolittle was fond of the allegorical style. He made two plates for the Societies of Yale College, and one for the village library of Wethersfield. The latter is an ornamental label only, but the former are quite elaborate examples of the allegorical. The plates of Benjamin S. Brooks, in the Ribbon and Wreath style, and Charles H. Wetmore, which is a copy of one of Maverick’s favorite designs, complete the number of his signed examples. The Guilford Library and George Goodwin plates, which have some features in common with the Wethersfield Library, are confidently attributed to him.{134}

* * *

Gideon Fairman, whose signature is on one of the plates of Henry McMurtrie and one of the Linonian Society of Yale College, was born in Connecticut in 1774. He showed an early fondness for engraving, and made rude attempts which showed undoubted talent. In 1810, having made himself a master of his art, he went into partnership with Murray, Draper, and others, in Philadelphia. He made considerable money, and went over to England with Jacob Perkins, where, with Charles Heath for a third partner, they were successful but for a short time, the extravagance of Murray proving their ruin.

* * *

John Mason Furnass was the nephew of Hurd, to whom the latter left his engraving tools by will, as the young man showed so much ability in the art practised by his widely known uncle.

He was also a painter of portraits, and he had a studio in Boston, which was also used by Trumbull.

The only plate signed by this engraver, which the present writer has seen, is the Eli Forbes. This plate shows but few traces of the influence of Hurd. It is a Chippendale design, but{135}

is not in either of the characteristic modes of Hurd. It is an ambitious plate, and was meant to be very fine, evidently. It is full of flourishes, and the little spiral flourish at the lower right-hand side is wholly out of place; the robin picking rose leaves at the side is an innovation. The scrolls under the name are somewhat in the{136} manner of Hurd. The heraldic drawing is poor, and the bunch of arrows between the shield and the crest must be in allusion to the occupation of the owner, who was a missionary to the Indians.

There is said to be a plate by Furnass owned in Boston, by the name of Foster, but no definite knowledge of it has been obtained.

* * *

E. Gallaudet, who signed the plate for the New York Society Library and the plate of John{137} Chambers, was one Elisha Gallaudet, who practised his art in New York City towards the end of the last century.

Edward Gallaudet, a relative of the above, was superior to him as an engraver, and the Gallaudet plate mentioned in the List is by him. He was of the present century.

* * *

Abraham Godwin was born in New Jersey in 1763. He was intended for the profession of the law, and was placed in the office of his brother, at Fishkill, in New York state. Both men joined the army, however; and when Abraham returned to his home, it was to take up the art of engraving, towards which he had had an inclination from boyhood, when he made his first attempts on the silver plate of his friends, with a graver made by a blacksmith.

The only example of his book-plate work is a plate fully described under the heading, “Unidentified,” in the List. Most unfortunately, the only example known has the family name torn out. The first name is John. The plate is rather rudely engraved, but is quite ambitious, showing the interior of a large room, which might be either a school-room or a library.

* * *

S. Harris, who engraved the pictorial plates of Henry Andrews and the anonymous Williams, was a New England engraver, who was in Boston about 1798.{138}

Charles P. Harrison, who signed the plain armorial book-plates of William Betts and David Paul Brown, was a son of William Harrison, an English engraver, who came to New York in 1794, and was for a time an instructor of Peter Maverick the second.

* * *

Samuel Hill was a copper-plate engraver in Boston, about 1790, and his work consisted mostly of portraits and book work.

The following are examples of his work:—

Also the plate of Saml. Hill, which is of a literary flavor, is probably the engraver’s own plate.

* * *

S. S. Jocelyn, of New Haven, who made a very handsome plate for the Brothers in Unity of Yale College, became an engraver of vignettes for bank-notes.

* * *

Thomas Johnson was born in Boston in 1708. He was buried in King’s Chapel Burying-ground, May 8, 1767. He engraved Psalm Tune plates{139}

for the Tate and Brady edition of 1760, and did some commendable work as a herald painter. In the inventory of his estate, fifteen copper plates are appraised at 40s.

Only one specimen of his book-plate work is authenticated, and that is the Joseph Tyler, which is signed in full,—Johnson.

* * *

Thomas Johnston signs the very beautiful Jacobean plate of William P. Smith, A.M., and the rougher Chippendale of Samuel Willis. Whether this is the same engraver as the above is uncertain; the difference in the spelling of the name would not disprove the claim, as in those days such differences were frequent. The Willis plate bears strong resemblance to the work and designs of Hurd. If this is the same engraver as the above, these two plates are likely to be the earliest signed plates by an American, as Johnson was born some twenty years before Hurd. The Willis plate is quite inferior to the Smith, which latter is a striking example of the Jacobean style.

* * *

Francis Kearney, who signs the plate of Henry McMurtrie and Hector Coffin, was born in 1780. He was a pupil of Peter R. Maverick, who received two hundred and fifty dollars for instructing him for three years. The advantage was all with Maverick. Soon after the opening of{140} the century, he was engaged with Anderson, the younger Maverick, Boyd, and others, in engraving plates for a quarto Bible published by Mr. Collins, of New York.

In 1810 he removed to Philadelphia, as that city was far ahead of New York in the publishing of books, etc. He was in that city for over twenty years. His greatest work is the engraving of Leonardo da Vinci’s picture of the “Last Supper.”

* * *

Peter Rushton Maverick was born in England, April 11, 1755, and came to America about 1774. He was originally a silversmith, and came of a family whose members were for several generations well known as engravers, and who made the art their occupation. He was an energetic worker, getting most of his practical knowledge by his own endeavors. He was the teacher of William Dunlap and of Francis Kearney, as well as of his own son, who ultimately became a more proficient engraver than his father, and, who after instructing A. B. Durand for five years, took him into partnership.

Peter R. Maverick died in New York, about 1807, and his son Peter whose partnership with Durand resulted disastrously, died in 1831.

As a designer and engraver of book-plates, Maverick was the most prolific of all the early engravers. It is presumed that all the plates signed either P. R. Maverick, or simply Maverick, were by the same hand, as a large collection of{141}

{142}proofs from his plates which furnishes examples of both ways of signing is now in the possession of the New York Historical Society, and the librarian informs me that all of the plates in that collection were done in 1789 by the elder Maverick. This collection consists of sixty-five plates, of which thirty-eight different ones are signed by Maverick. There are also others which are undoubtedly his work, although not signed, and there are examples by Dawkins, Hutt, and Child. Quite a number of the plates are duplicated, too. This very interesting collection of proofs, kept by Maverick himself, and sewed together roughly, was in the library of his friend, John Allan. By far the greater part of Maverick’s plates are of the Ribbon and Wreath style, but he made a few Jacobeans, a few Chippendales, and one or two pictorial and allegorical designs. He used the same features over and over in his plates, and seems to have been a rapid worker. The plates in the following list marked * are by the younger Maverick.

{145}

* * *

Oliver Pelton, who engraved a plate for the Brothers in Unity, at Yale College, was born in Portland, Conn., in 1799, and learned his trade with Abner Read, a bank-note engraver, of Hartford. He was an assiduous worker, and was taken into partnership after two years’ work, with Mr. Read and one Samuel Stiles. Samuel G. Goodrich (Peter Parley) soon induced him to go to Boston with him, to engage in the engraving of plates for his works. This enterprise was successful, and in 1863 Pelton formed a partnership with William D. Terry, which was the foundation of the New England Bank-Note Company of Boston. The plate mentioned is the only example of his work on book-plates.{146}

R. Rawdon, who signs the plate of William L. Stone, which is a very handsome steel-plate design, was born in Tolland, Conn., and was associated with his brother in Albany. The brother subsequently moved to New York.

Paul Revere, the Revolutionary patriot whose “midnight ride” is known the world over, was born in Boston, January 1, 1735, and died there on the 10th of May, 1818, after a life of great usefulness, leaving a name never to be forgotten.{147}

He came of a Huguenot family, who spelled the name Rivoire originally.

He was self-instructed in the art of engraving on copper, although brought up by his father to the business of a goldsmith. He went on the Crown Point expedition, 1756, and after his return, married, and settled down to the business he had already learned. He was naturally fond of mechanics, and made himself master of its general principles. One of his earliest attempts{148} on copper was the portrait of his friend, Dr. Mayhew. He also engraved several caricatures which were popular, and some historical pictures which are valuable now to the collector.

Not many book-plates have come down to us by this celebrated patriot, and the following list comprises all that are signed.

{149}

Revere’s plates do not have the compact appearance of Hurd’s, and are not so well designed or so well engraved as the latter’s. Presumably this branch of work was not very profitable to him, or very much cultivated.

The accompanying design was undoubtedly a book-plate, and beyond question is the work of Revere. It is a very rare plate.

* * *

William Rollinson was born in England, in the year 1760. He was in youth brought up to the trade of ornamenting buttons; and, upon coming to New York, made the gilt buttons which decorated the coat worn by Washington at his inauguration as President. He did this without remuneration, so thoroughly sympathizing with the country of his adoption as to feel the honor of this service for Washington a full compensation. He was, through the friendship of Messrs. Elias Hicks and John C. Ludlow, recommended to the publishers of Brown’s Family Bible, for which he made several plates. Previous to this, he found work in the shops of different silversmiths, and had taught himself the art of engraving on copper. At the beginning of the century, Archibald Robertson painted a portrait of Alexander Hamilton, which Rollinson boldly undertook to make a large engraving from. He did not understand all the processes of engraving, and invented such as he was compelled to use, as he went on. The duel in which Hamilton{150} lost his life occurred before the portrait was fully engraved. Indeed, it had been undertaken more as an experiment than with the idea of sale; but the friends of the dead statesman urged him to complete it, which he did, and the print found a good sale. Later, Rollinson invented a machine for ruling waved lines, which was of vast importance in the manufacture of bank-notes.

As an engraver of book-plates, he adopted the Ribbon and Wreath style naturally, as it was the style in vogue when he took up the work. He made one or two plain armorials, and for the New York College of Pharmacy one of more ambitious design. His plates, all neat in design, are clear, skilful engraving. His work and that of Callender, in the same style, resemble each other.

The following plates are signed by Rollinson:—

———

J. Smithers, an Englishman, originally a gun-engraver employed in the Tower of London, came to Philadelphia in the year 1773.{151}

He had a good name as a man and as an engraver, and made the blocks for the Continental money. A large plan of the city of Philadelphia on three plates, which was his work, was subsequently purchased, when copper was scarce, for thirty dollars, and cut up into smaller pieces. Among his pupils was Trenchard, of whose work we have a few examples.

The following plates are signed by Smithers:—

He sometimes signed with the final s, and sometimes without it. His book-plates are not especially brilliant in any way, but are good, and in the pure style. His finest attempt is the landscape plate for Dr. McMurtrie of Philadelphia.

* * *

T. Sparrow was an obscure engraver on wood, who worked at his trade in Annapolis from 1765 to about 1780, and who did considerable work for “Ann Catherine Green & Son, Printers,” of that town, on title-pages, tail-pieces, etc. He engraved on copper the title-page for the “Deputy Commissary’s Guide of Maryland,” published by the above firm in 1774, and which is a creditable piece of work. All the book-plates known at{152} present are on wood, and they are but two in number: the Richard Sprigg and the Gabriel Duvall, both of whom were men of prominence in the colonial times, in Maryland.

* * *

William D. Terry, who was mentioned as the founder, with Pelton, of the Bank-Note Company, in Boston, engraved a plate for the Redwood Library, of Newport. This is a large representation of the library, and is a fine piece of work.

* * *

James Thackara was a partner of John Vallance, in the engraving business, and they were together for a good many years. Thackara was inferior to his partner as an engraver, according to Dunlap, and was for a long time the keeper of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.

We know but one example of his book-plate work, and that is the Lenthall plate, which is a large and very interesting example of the Ribbon and Wreath style. It is an excellent piece of engraving, full of style, and graceful in design.

* * *

James Trenchard was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, about 1746. He was a pupil of Smithers, and engraved in Philadelphia,{153}

{154}

about 1785. Among his pupils were Thackara, Vallance, and his nephew, Edward Trenchard, who became an officer in the United States Navy, and served in the War of 1812.

Trenchard was one of the owners of the “Columbian Magazine,” published in Philadelphia from 1786 to 1792, and he engraved many plates for its pages.

One signed book-plate of his is known,—the Bloomfield. This is a Chippendale plate of no{155} striking features. The Luther Martin plate is so similar to this as to leave hardly any doubt that it too was by Trenchard.

* * *

James Turner is another of the early American artists of whom very little is known now. He was at one time in Boston, but later removed to Philadelphia. He did some portrait and some music work. Of his book-plate work we have but three signed specimens. By far the most interesting and valuable of these is the extremely{156} rare plate of John Franklin of Boston in New England. This is very fully described in the List of Early American Book-plates. The other plates are the Sir John St. Clair, and the plate for Isaac Norris, of the family of the Quaker Chief Justice of Pennsylvania.

{157}

The plate of James Hall, although not signed, is also attributed to him.

* * *

John Vallance, whose name is connected with that of Thackara, engraved with him many plates for Dobson’s Encyclopædia. He made heads of Franklin and Howard, which were pronounced successful, and he had a high reputation as an engraver.

One authenticated example of his book-plate{158} work is known, the Joseph Wiseman, in the Ribbon and Wreath style; and the David Brearly, although not signed, is attributed to him.

* * *

Of the other engravers whose names appear on but one or two plates, no information has been obtained. There were probably many who had but a local fame, and who made but a few plates. Their names are remembered now in a way not expected at the time of signing them, undoubtedly.

* * *

In a recent article on Count Rumford, in the “New England Magazine,” it is said that, when a youth, he designed book-plates. No authentic examples of his work are known, and no information can be obtained concerning any.

* * *

Jacob Hurd, the father of Nathaniel, was a goldsmith of Boston, and his name is on pieces of plate in the First and Second churches in Boston, and the First Church, and Christ Church, in Dorchester. He very probably made book-plates, though no signed work is known. He died in 1758. He appears in the list of subscribers to “Prince’s Chronological History of New England,” as taking six copies.{159}

In the “Boston Evening Post,” for March 4, 1745, the following advertisement appears:—

No signed example of this gentleman’s work has thus far come to our knowledge. It is fair to presume, however, that he engraved book-plates.

{160}

A LIST OF EARLY AMERICAN
BOOK-PLATES.

The following List of Early American Book-plates makes no claim to completeness: indeed it is earnestly hoped and believed that time will prove it to be quite incomplete: old plates new to collectors are continually coming to light, and there is every reason to expect their number to increase. We are persuaded that certain of the worthies of colonial times used book-plates, although no copies are now known, and that some future investigator will unearth these much-desired treasures.

Some plates will be found included which do not have a satisfactory description: this is due to their not being seen by the compiler of the List: correspondents at a distance cannot always send full details, and without them it is better to attempt little in the way of description. The aim has been to be accurate and as full as possible. There are hundreds of simple name-labels which have no place here, but all armorial examples which could be discovered are mentioned.

The plates are given in alphabetical order, and are numbered for convenience in reference. As far as possible, the first line of the description of each plate gives the exact wording of the original, with its spelling and abbreviations: the mottoes also, as well as the manner of signature, are given exactly as they appear on the original plate: wherever throughout this List italics are used, they denote the exact language employed upon the plate.

1. Anonymous.

Armorial. A very beautiful plate with French arms: a crown above and military trophies behind the shield: French banners, cannon, quivers of arrows, anchor, horns, swords, drum, tomahawks, bugle, lances, etc. Signed, Maingot delt. Maverick, Sct.

{161}

2. Abercrombie. James Abercrombie.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Two mottoes, Vive ut vivas, and Meus in arduis aequa. Of Philadelphia, and mentioned in Boswell’s “Life of Dr. Johnson.”

3. Adams. John Adams.

Armorial. The Boylston arms. The shield surrounded by a garter on which the motto is given,—Libertatem amicitiam retenebis et fidem. The whole design surrounded by thirteen stars. Second President of the United States.

4. Adams. John Quincy Adams.

Simply the name rudely engraved and surrounded by a narrow line. Probably the first of the J. Q. A. book-plates. Sixth President of the United States.{162}

5. Adams. John Quincy Adams.

Armorial. Boylston arms. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto-ribbon empty.

6. Adams. John Quincy Adams.

Armorial. The Boylston arms; the shield enclosed within a garter, on which the motto appears,—Fidem—Libertatem—Amicitiam.

7. Adams. John Quincy Adams.

Armorial. The shield is quartered, and bears in the first quarter a curious specimen of home-made heraldry. The ancestors of the President bore no arms, and in their place appears a stag standing at gaze before a pine tree, while below in the water a fish, probably a cod, is swimming; the whole design surrounded with thirteen stars. This was his own invention. The other quarters bear the Smith, Quincy, and Boylston arms. The whole shield is surrounded by a garter bearing the motto Fidem, Libertatem, Amicitiam retinebis. From “Tacitus.”

8. Agar. Property, Lydia Agar. 1806.

Pictorial. An eagle bears a broad ribbon, on which the word property is given; an oval frame encloses what resembles a row of eggs.

9. Agnew. James Agnew, Esq.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Consilio non impetu. Attributed to Maverick.

10. Aitkin. Robert Aitkin.

Simple name label: the printer of the “Aitkin Bible.” Philadelphia, 1782. The first American edition.

11. Albany. Albany Society Library. 1759.

A peculiar plate something in the shape of the figure 8, with intertwining foliations above and at the sides. The upper part of the frame is the larger, and contains a spirited illustration of an Indian in ambush aiming an arrow at a leaping fox. On the frame surrounding this is the motto, May concord prevail and the undertakeing prosper. In the lower and smaller part is depicted a prim{163} man, bewigged and ruffled, with an open book in his hand; presumably a patron of the Library. Very little can be learned concerning this early Library. It was probably interrupted by the Revolution. Some of its books are in the New York State Library.

12. Allan. John Allan.

Pictorial. An open book, across the pages of which is printed the name of the owner. Behind all an anchor. This is the plate of the old book collector of New York City.

13. Allen. John Allen.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Law & Right. This is believed to be the plate used by John Allen, an early bookseller of Boston. He published the “News-Letter.” From the general design and the crude engraving, it must be taken for early American work: circa 1720. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 15.

14. Allison. Joseph J. Allison.

Armorial. Chippendale. Hour-glass, books, globe, palette, and brushes, grouped above the escutcheon. Motto, Hinc labor et virtus. Of Philadelphia.

15. Alsop. Richard Alsop.

Armorial. Belongs to no particular style, although the ornamentation is of Chippendale tendency. Beneath the shield, at either side, stands a cupid holding out a bunch of arrows: the drawing of these figures is not above criticism: they seem to have one arm each, and but one wing also. A Connecticut poet. Born, 1761; died, 1815. One of the famous “Hartford Wits.”

16. Ambler. Armorial. Of Virginia.

17. American. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. MDCCLXX.

A very handsome plate, having a large curtain looped back by ribbons and cords, whereon to record the name of the giver of books to the{164} library, and above this an oval vignette representing Minerva with shield and spear in hand, and helmet on her head, standing upon the sea-shore (of Massachusetts), watching a three-master which sails far away under a glaring sun and a heavy cloud: through a corn-field and then through the woods lies the path to the distant village whose roofs can be seen: on the sand about the goddess lie scattered the scientific and agricultural implements, the uses of which it was the function of the Academy to teach. The Academy was instituted in 1779. Very good engraving but not so good drawing. The work is attributed to Callender.

18. Anderson. Alexr. Anderson.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Vigila. Signed, A. Anderson, Sculp. The original plate had only the last name engraved; the first name was added afterwards and evidently by a different hand. This plate is sometimes found with the name of his brother, John, written in before the family name, indicating perhaps that the plate was designed for the general use of the family. This is the plate of Dr. Anderson, the first engraver in wood in America.

19. Andover. Institutio Theologica Andover. Fundata MDCCCVII.

A severely plain pediment, raised upon Doric columns, bearing on the architrave the name. A blaze of glory above has in the centre the words, יהוה. Similar rays shine over the open Bible at the foot, on which is written, Ps. cxix, 169, and JOH. xvii, 17. On the base are the words, ΑΚΟΓΩΝΙ ΣΟΥ ΧΡΙΚΤΟΥ.

20. Andrew. John Andrew.

Pictorial. The implements of the engraver lie scattered upon the bench: the name is given in fac-simile of the autograph.

21. Andrews. Armorial. Of Virginia.

22. Andrews.—— Andrews. (First name obliterated.)

Pictorial. The scene is out of doors and the sun rises in full strength behind a long oval frame on{165} which the name is engraved. A little patch of earth, two well-grown trees, and scant herbage complete the accessories. Signed, Callender Sc.

23. Andrews. Eliza Andrews.

Pictorial. Exactly the same as the succeeding, with the exception of the change in the name and the omission of the engraver’s signature.

24. Andrews. Henry Andrews.

Pictorial: representing Minerva, crowned, with spear and shield: the owl sits upon a convenient pedestal. The name of the owner is put upon the edge of the shield which the goddess rests upon the ground. Signed, S. Harris. Sc.

25. Antill. Edwad. Antill. Esqr., A.M.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Probitas laudatur et alget. A New Jersey author. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

26. Apthorp. Apthorp.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty.

27. Apthorp. East Apthorp, A.M. Cambridge MDCCLXI.

Armorial. Late Jacobean. Motto, Nemo nisi Christus. Eminent Episcopal divine, born in Boston, 1733; educated at Cambridge, and died, 1816.

28. Apthorp. Jno. Apthorp.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Fari quae sentiat. The same plate as the one mentioned above as having the motto-ribbon empty. In this example the name Jno. is written, and so is the motto.

29. Apthorp. Thomas Apthorp.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Juste rem para. Flowers, and a huge bee in the decoration. Printed in blue ink. Born, 1741. Died in England.

30. Archdeacon. S. Archdeacon.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Esse quam videri. Signed, W. S. A pretty design, with the caduceus of Mercury introduced in the ornamentation.

31. Archer. William Archer.{166}

Armorial. Of Chesterfield County, Virginia.

32. Archer. William Archer, Powhatan. A plain label with the name within a type border.

33. Armistead. William Armistead.

Armorial. Of Virginia. Of Revolutionary fame.

34. Ashwell. Charles Ashwell of Grenada. Plain armorial.

35. Assheton. Ralph Assheton, M.D., Philadelphia.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, In Domino confido. Son of the Councillor; studied medicine in Edinburgh.

36. Assheton. Willm. Assheton Esqr. of Barbadoes.

Armorial. Chippendale. Very ornate. No motto. Began the practice of law in Penna., and was afterwards described as “of the Parish of St. Michael’s in Barbadoes, gentleman.” He was Provost-Marshal of Barbadoes.

37. Assheton. William Assheton Esq. of Gray’s Inn, Judge of the Court of Admiralty of Penn. 1718.

Arms, crest, and quarterings.

38. Atkinson. Theodore Atkinson.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Signed, N. Hurd. Scp. This is the same design that was used in the Wentworth plate, but is much better in execution. The peculiar flow of water from the shell beneath the escutcheon is caught in a bowl: the only instance. Secretary of the colony of New Hampshire, 1741; Chief Justice, 1754; Major-General of militia, 1769; delegate to Congress at Albany, 1754.

39. Atkinson. William King Atkinson.

Armorial. Chippendale: a copy of the preceding design. Motto, Nil facimus non sponte Dei. Signed, Callender Sc. A noted lawyer of Portsmouth, N.H. (1764-1820). Changed his name from King to Atkinson out of respect to Judge Atkinson.

40. Atlee. Willm. Augs. Atlee Esqr. of Lancaster PENNSYLVANIA.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty;{167} bears some marks of being unfinished. Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1777-1791.

41. Atwood. Harry Atwood.

Armorial. Chippendale. Very ornate; architectural and landscape effects used. No motto.

42. Auchmuty. Richard Tylden Auchmuty. Plain armorial. Motto, Dum spiro spero. Signed, A & S.

43. Backhouse. W. Backhouse, M.A.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Pax et amor.

44. Backus. Elijah Backus.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto; name on motto-ribbon. Very crude workmanship.

45. Baldwin. D. Baldwin, Owner. An Engraved Label, the Words Being Within an Oval Wreath.

46. Baldwin. Jonathan Baldwin.

Armorial. Signed by Callender.

47. Baldwin. Luke Baldwin.

Armorial. Signed by Callender.

48. Ball. Flamen Ball.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Semper caveto. Signed, P. R. Maverick. Sct.

49. Ballord. Wm. Ballord’s.

Armorial. Plain. No Motto.

50. Baltimore. The Library Company of Baltimore. Simply the Name

Engraved Within an Oval Frame. Signed, S. Allardice Phi.

51. Bancker. Abraham Bancker.

Pictorial. An eagle bears aloft an oval frame which contains the large figure 4 always seen on the book-plates of this family. A ribbon flying from the beak of the eagle bears the motto, Sublimiora petamus; beneath, a three-masted vessel, with homing pennant streaming, passes half-submerged trees and a chain of mountain peaks. Signed, Maverick Sculp’.{168}

52. Bancker. Charles N. Bancker.

Armorial in style, but showing no actual arms. The shield is occupied by a large figure 4, which is an old “merchant mark.” Chippendale. Puffy cupids are seated on either side of the frame with accessories which indicate the pursuit of science. Motto, Dieu Defend le Droit. Signed, Jones Sc. Of Philadelphia.

53. Bancker. Charles N. Bancker.

A Chippendale frame enclosing the figure 4, and showing the same motto as the above. Helmet, wreath and crest, the eagle’s wings erect, ppr. Not signed.

54. Bancker. Evert Bancker, Junr.

A smaller and older plate than the others of this name, and showing the same figure 4, with rather wild mantling, and crest.

55. Bancker. Gerard Bancker.

Chippendale. A cupid holding a globe converses with a companion, perhaps about commerce and ocean currents; behind them a pyramid rises, and two other cupids are consulting a plan. The figure 4 is again prominent in this plate. Signed, Dawkins Sculpsit.

56. Bancroft. George Bancroft.

Pictorial. A chubby cherub approaches, with a panel in his hands on which the words ΕΙΣ ΦΑΟΣ are given. Another plate, identical in all other details, gives the motto, Sursum corda. Historian of the United States.

57. Banister. John Banister.

Plain armorial. (arms of Banester of Easington, County York, according to Burke). No motto. Of Virginia. Revolutionary soldier. Died, 1787.

58. Barrell. Joseph Barrell.

An allegorical plate full of detail. In the centre is the shield with the arms, while above the crest sits Hope with her anchor. As indicative of Industry, a very trim female figure is presented, surrounded by{169} signs of prosperity, such as the beehive, palette and brush, and square and dividers. In contrast to this a bare-footed, raggedly clad woman with a dead fish in her lap, snails on her shoulders, broken tools around her, and with every appearance of misery and squalor, is shown at the left. The contrast between Thrift and Indolence is continued in a second series of pictures below the shield. In these it is the begging tramp and the erect, well-clothed gentleman who depict the moral. Dilapidated shanties and well-built houses are also in contrast. Mottoes, Not always so—Indure but hope. A rich Boston merchant. A pioneer in the Northwest coast trade.

59. Barroll. William Barroll. Chestertown. 1795.

An engraved name label, with the all-seeing eye above the oval frame which encloses the name. The palm and holly are crossed beneath.

60. Barton. William Barton.

Armorial. Perhaps the plate of the capturer of Genl. Prescott (1777) in Narragansett Bay.

61. Bartram. John Bartram.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Foy En Dieu. A second motto, J’avance. Celebrated Botanist of Pennsylvania.

62. Bathurst. Armorial. Of Virginia. See Burke’s “extinct Baronetage.”

63. Bay. William Bay. M.D.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath, Motto, Quo Fata Vocant. The heraldic drawing is poor and the charges are reversed. Born, Albany, 1773. Died, 1865.

64. Bayard. James A. Bayard.

The name well engraved within an oval wreath. The Delaware statesman, leader of the Federal party, and one of the negotiators of the Treaty of Ghent. Born, 1767; Died, 1815.

65. Bayard. Saml. Bayard.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. This is a very interesting specimen of the debased Chippendale.{170} As decorative features the following are used: a large globe, quadrant, compass, sun-dial, beer-stein, and a little landscape. The branches of the frame are made to support these objects named. Jurist. Published books on law.

66. Bayley. Armorial. of the Eastern Shore, Va.

67. Beatty. J. Beatty. M.D.

Armorial. Pictorial. The shield rests against the bole of an oak, and while the arms on it (Arg. a beehive surrounded by bees) are not given in Burke, the crest appears in Fairbairn, with some changes. A globe, open book, scroll, caduceus, and cornucopia of fruit complete the accessories. Not a common type among American plates. John Beatty was born in Pennsylvania, 1749, and died in New Jersey in 1826. Rose to the rank of Colonel In the Revolutionary War, and was delegate to Congress, 1783-1785. Member of Federal Convention, and member of Congress. Illustrated in “curio,” page 114.

68. Beck. Charles Beck.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Signed, N. D. Sc. (nathaniel Dearborn). Of Cambridge, Mass. Scholar and Author.

69. Bedlow. William Bedlow.

Armorial. Monogram B L at foot of arms. Jacobean. Motto, My hope on high. Of Bedlow’s Island, New York.

70. Beete. Joseph Beete. Demerary. Plain Armorial. Motto, Fortuna perit, honestas manet.

71. Belcher. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Loyal jusqu’à la Mort. This is the plate of the Colonial Governor of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 1730-1741 (Jonathan Belcher). The arms are the same as borne on the plate of his son Jonathan, except that this plate shows a label for difference. There is also a shortening of the motto in the other plate.{171}

72. Belcher. Jonathan Belcher E Societate Medij Templi.

Armorial. Jacobean. Very similar to the last. Motto, Loyal au mort. Son of the preceding; born in Boston, 1710. Graduate of Harvard, student at the Middle Temple, one of the first settlers of Halifax, N.S. Died there, 1776. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 113.

73. Belcher. William Belcher, Owner.

Literary. A shelf of books enclosed within an oval which bears the mottoes, With welcome use—but use with care. The wicked borrow,—but never return. Of New London, Conn., circa 1790.

74. Belcher. William Belcher. Savannah.

Armorial. Pictorial. A very beautiful engraving. The shield rests upon the ground and is supported by the oak tree which spreads over it; willows and pines complete the little group of trees, and beyond a stretch of water is seen. The motto, Loyal au mort, is on the ribbon which flutters along the ground beside the shield.{172}

75. Bel-chier. J. Bel-Chier.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Loyal jusq’ a la mort. Printed in red ink.

76. Beresford. Richard Beresford, Charleston. 1772.

Armorial.

77. Betts. William Betts.

Armorial. Plain. Motto, Malo mori quam foedari. Signed, C. P. Harrison Del. Sct.

78. Beverley. Harry Beverley.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto.

79. Beverly. Robert Beverly.

Armorial. Of Virginia. Historian.

80. Beverly. William Beverly.

Armorial. Signed, J. Kirk.

81. Blackley Absalom Blackley.

Armorial. Ribbon and wreath. Motto, Utere mundo. Signed, Maverick Scp. The name supported by two quills.

82. Blake. Willm. P. & L. Blake’s Circulating Library at the Boston Book Store.

An engraved label enclosed in an ornamental oval frame. Signed, S. Hill. Sc.

83. Blanc. William Blanc. Middle Temple. Dominica. Crest only. Motto on a garter enclosing the crest, Frangas non flectan.

84. Blatchford. Thomas W. Blatchford. Plain armorial. Motto, Providentia sumus. Signed, Wm. D. Smith sc.

85. Bleecker. Bleecker. Plain armorial. A festoon of cloth behind the shield.

86. Blenman. Jonathan Blenman, Attoray, Genl. & Judge of ye Admty. in Barbadoes.

A small plate, without motto, rather poorly engraved. A little ornamentation of Jacobean manner appears at either side, and the mantling is rather profuse, but well above the shield.{173}

87. Bloomfield. Bloomfield.

Armorial. Chippendale. Rudely drawn books used in the frame. Motto, Pro aris et focis. Signed, J. Trenchard. Major Joseph Bloomfield was a soldier in the Revolution, Governor of New Jersey, Brigadier-General in War of 1812, member of Congress, 1817-21. Illustrated in the “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

88. Bolling. Robt. Bolling Esq’r.

Armorial. Chippendale. Figures are used as supporters which would appear to symbolize the freedom of the Garden of Eden, and the learning of classic Greece. Motto-ribbon empty; no crest. Of Chellowe, Va. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 15.{174}

89. Bonaparte. Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte. A plain label, with an ornamental type border. Nephew of Napoleon the Great. Born in England, 1805; died in Baltimore, Md., 1870.

90. Bond. T. Bond, Surgeon.

Armorial. Chippendale. Signed, W. H. Native of Maryland; 1712-1784. A distinguished physician and surgeon of Philadelphia.

91. Booth. Benjn. Booth. Crest only. Autograph in a wreath under the crest. Of New York, until the Revolution broke out.

92. Booth. George Booth.

Literary. A lighted candle and books in confusion are placed upon a table. The name is carved upon the edge of the table. On one of the book-covers appears the Booth crest. An etched plate.

93. Boston. Shakspeare Circulating Library, Charles Callender, No. 25 School Street, Boston.

A very curious old woodcut, with a large oval medallion of the famous writer for whom the library was named placed in the centre against a rough rock background; the masks of Comedy and Tragedy lie at the foot, and the hilts of foils can be made out; a garland of roses falls at the right hand, and the rays of the sun come over the top. This is a rough engraving, very black and indistinct.

94. Boston. Social Law Library. Boston.

The name appears on a curtain looped up and held by cord and tassel; above this a small oval encloses a view of four waterspouts, each from behind a rock; above this the circular frame encloses a hand bearing a lighted torch; on the frame is the motto, Vestra cura alitur, and the date 1804; a pile of books above for crest, with S.L.L. on the cover of one.{175}

95. Boucher. Jonathan Boucher.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Non vi sed voluntate. A Loyalist clergyman in Virginia, whose estates were confiscated, after which he returned to England whence he had come in 1754. Published a tract on the causes and consequences of the Revolution, and compiled a glossary of Provincial and Archæological Words, which was purchased of his family in 1831, for the proprietors of Webster’s Dictionary.

96. Boudinot. Boudinot.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Soli Deo gloria et honor. Elias Boudinot, born in 1740, in Philadelphia, of Huguenot extraction. Sided strongly with the colonies in the Revolution, and was President of Congress in 1782. A signer of the Treaty of Peace. Died, 1821. This plate is not signed, but it is the work of Maverick. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 111.

97. Bowdoin. Honble. James Bowdoin. Esqr. Plain armorial. Motto, Ut aquila versus coelum.

The same plate as the Bowdoin College, whose benefactor he was.

98. Bowdoin. Bowdoin College.

Plain armorial. The arms of the Hon. James Bowdoin are given with his motto, Ut aquila versus coelum. The sun in splendor shines above the crest, and the name of the college is engraved over it. This college was chartered in 1794, and then presented with eleven hundred pounds and one thousand acres of land, by Hon. James Bowdoin, son of the governor of the colony. By his will a further gift was made to the college.

99. Boylston. Boylston Medical Library.

Plain armorial. The arms of the Boylston family are given without ornamentation or motto. Signed, Annin & Smith. Ward Nicholas Boylston, a patron of medical science, gave to the medical school of Harvard College a valuable collection of anatomical and medical books and engravings, in the year 1800.{176}

100. Boylston. Property of the Boylston Medical Library Cambridge.

Armorial. The arms of the Boylston family are given. Signed, Callender Sc.

101. Bozman. John Leeds Bozman. Esqr of the Middle Temple.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sine virtute vani sunt honores. Lawyer, poet, and historian; born in Maryland in 1757, died in 1823. University of Penn., 1783. Completed his studies in London. His chief work is the “History of Maryland to the Restoration in 1660.” An “Historical and Philosophical Sketch of the Prime Causes of the Revolutionary War” was suppressed; in this Washington was praised and Franklin depreciated. This same copper has been used more recently with the following words added: on either side of the crest, “John Leeds Kerr of Talbot Co. Md. 15th Jan. 1780, 21st Feb. 1844;” at the bottom, under the name of Bozman, “The Maryland Historian, 25th Aug. 1757, 20th April, 1823.”

102. Brasher. Philip Brasher.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Beata Domus, Custodita Sic Cuja Deo Domino Est. The shield, with its motto-ribbon and flowery ornamentation, seems to be held up by the winged female who grasps the portcullis of the crest. Below the shield a patch of ground is strewn with books and writing material. A dwarfed weeping willow bends mournfully at the left. Signed on an unrolled sheet of paper, Maverick Scp. Was a prisoner in a sugar-house in New York during the Revolutionary War, which suggested the crest; he had no right to the arms.

103. Brazer. John Brazer. Plain armorial. Shaded mantling. Motto, Try. Of Salem, Mass.

104. Brearly. David Brearly.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Honor virtutis praemium. A large plate; attributed to{177} Vallance. Jurist, of Trenton, N.J. A brave officer in the Revolution.

105. Bridgen. Charles Bridgen. Plain armorial. Motto, Probitate et industria.

This plate is not signed, but it is very probably the work of Maverick.

106. Brimage. William Brimage.

Plain armorial. Impaling Gilbert. Arms closely surrounded by a garter on which the name appears. Motto below, Deus dux certus. Of Virginia.

107. Brisbane. William Brisbane.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Dabit otia Deus.

108. Brooks. Benjamin S. Brooks.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sustinere. Signed, A. D. (Amos Doolittle).

109. Brown. David Paul Brown.

Plain armorial. Motto, Patria cara, carior libertas. Signed, C. P. H. St. Lawyer, of Philadelphia.

110. Brown. The Property of Jacob Brown.

Pictorial. The interior of a library is depicted, within an oval frame which is ornamented above with a ribbon and a spray of holly; the name is given on the fluttering ends of the ribbon. The central portion of the library is occupied by a couch, covered with striped cloth, on which a youth, dressed in the height of the fashion, reclines; a book is laid upon the convenient corner of the table, and he is reading from this; behind him the shelves of books are seen partly covered by a curtain; through the window are seen the nodding pines; the carpet is adorned with thirteen stars. The following lines are given below the frame:—

{178}

Signed, Engrd. by P. R. Maverick 65 Liberty Street. As the name Jacob Brown is not engraved, but is printed by hand, it is quite likely that this plate was for promiscuous use; either to be filled up with the name of any who ordered it, or to be pasted in the books sold by some bookseller.

111. Brown. John Carter Brown. Crest only. Motto, Gaudeo.

112. Brown. Thomas Brown.

Armorial. Arms, ... on a chevron, between three leopards’ heads cabossed, or as many escallops.... Crest, an eagle’s head erased or. Motto, En espérance je vie. Signed by Hurd.

113. Browne. Peter A. Browne.

Literary. A plain table, with the scull and crossbones carved in two places upon it, supports several large volumes, on the side of one of which is the name of the owner. On the side of the table the motto is cut, Fiat Justitia. A wreath of laurel rests upon the books, and the all-seeing eye looks upon the scene from above. Signed, Engraved by James Akin. A prominent lawyer in Philadelphia, and the author of “Browne’s Reports.”

114. Brownson. Oliver Brownson’s Property.

An engraved label with the name curved over a peacock which is perched on a scroll.

115. Bruen. M. Bruen.

Plain armorial. Motto, Fides scutum. Matthias Bruen was a clergyman in New York City; ordained in London, 1819.

116. Bruff. The Property of J. G. Bruff, Portsmouth, Va. 183-. Pictorial. On this, a weeping elm supports a large shield on which the inscription is given; so large is the shield that only a little of the tree shows around the edge of the shield. A woodcut.

117. Buchanan. W. B. Buchanan.

Armorial. Motto, Clarior hinc honos.{179}

118. Bull. Martin Bull.

Armorial. A plain armorial plate with the mantling extending down the side of the shield. Motto, Virtus basis vitae. This is the plate of one of the engravers of the old Farmington book-plate, Deacon Bull. See “Ex Libris Journal,” Vol. III, page 187.

119. Burke. James Henry Burke Esqr.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sola salus servire Deo. Of Virginia.

120. Burnet. John Burnet. Attorney at Law New York.

Armorial. Jacobean frame; mantling. Motto, Virescit vulnere virtus. This plate is earlier than the succeeding one by Dawkins.

121. Burnet. John Burnet Esqr New York.

Armorial. Chippendale. The usual pastoral scene which Dawkins used is found here; the shepherdess, and the cupids making music on the flute, and bringing books for leisure moments. Motto, Virescit vulnere virtus. Signed, H. Dawkins Sculp. 1754. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 13.

122. Byam. Francisci Byam, ex Insula Antigua.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Claris dextera factis. Rich mantling continued around the whole shield; the background shell-lined. Printed in brown ink.

123. Byrd. William Byrd of Westover in Virginia Esqr.

Armorial. Jacobean. A very interesting specimen of its class. The profuse mantling thrown high in the air, the shell-lined background, and the curtain upheld at the ends (on which the name and address are given) are prominent characteristics as pointed out by Warren. A rich abundance of fruit overflows from two cornucopiæ, and the motto-ribbon is twined in and out through the scrolls at the base. Motto, Nulla pallescere culpa. Colonel Byrd was a very distinguished Virginian: was born to an ample fortune, liberally educated, and became the patron of science and literature in his native state. President of the Council of the colony;{180} author of the “Westover Manuscripts,” and of other essays. Born, 1674; died, 1744. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 14.

124. Cabell. Doct.r Geo. Cabell Richmond Virga.

Allegorical. In the centre of the design a flaming heart rests upon the shank of an anchor. A thin patch of ground, which grows a few trees, and looks like an island, upholds these emblems of hope. The motto is just above,—Spes mea in Deo. Above this again the all-seeing eye, wreathed in clouds, appears. The whole is enclosed in a design of Ribbon and Wreath arrangement. Evidently the work of Brooks, who engraved the plate of Dr. I. Dove of the same city.

125. Cabell. Samuel Jordan Cabell, of Soldier’s Joy.

Pictorial. The name is printed from type upon a large oval medallion; this is supported by the half-draped figure of Liberty holding the pole with the cap upon it, and an officer in the uniform of the Continental Army. The arms of the United States are above the medallion. The pictorial parts of this are cut in wood.

126. Cabot. William Cabot.

Armorial. Wild Chippendale. No motto. Of Massachusetts.

127. Cadena. M. V. C. (Mariano de la Cadena.)

Plain armorial. An ordinary square shield supported by a very peculiar frame. Motto, Fidem servat vinculaque sulvit. A Professor of Spanish in Columbia College.

128. Cadena. Don Mariano Valazquez de la Cadena. Plain armorial. No motto. Of New York City.

129. Cadena. Mariano Valazquez de la Cadena. Small, plain armorial. Of New York City.

130. Caillaud. John Caillaud. Esqr.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. The frame enclosing the arm is oval in form and quite peculiar in construction; an eagle with a chaplet in his beak appears as a crest.{181}

131. Callaway. Thomas Callaway. Plain armorial. Motto, Aliis quod ab aliis.

132. Callender. John Callender.

Armorial. Pictorial. The shield rests against a rock, mossgrown and over-topped by shrubs. Signed, Callender Sc. Of Massachusetts.

133. Calvert. Thos. Calvert.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty.

134. Campbell. Donald Campbell. Jamaica.

Armorial. The shield affixed to the mast of a lymphad. (The crest of this family of Campbells.) Motto, Fit via vi.

135. Carmichaell. The Honourable Wm Carmichaell Esqr.

Armorial. Early English. The very full mantling nearly surrounds the shield. Motto, Toujours prest. Diplomatist. Born in Maryland. Delegate to Congress, 1778-1780. Foreign minister. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 16.{182}

136. Carroll. Charles Carroll.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. The last surviving signer of the Declaration. Died, 1832. This was the Charles Carroll who added “of Carrollton” after his signature to the Declaration, that no mistake might ever be made in recognizing him. Illustrated in “Book Lovers’ Almanac,” 1894. Duprat and Co., New York.

137. Carroll. Charles Carroll Barrister at Law.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. The same arms as the Charles Carroll.

138. Carroll. Charles Carroll of ye Inner Templer Esqr,

Second Son of Daniell Carroll of Litterlouna Esqr. in the Kings County in the Kingdom of Ireland.

Armorial. Early English. Elaborate mantling all about the shield. Motto-ribbon empty. Grandfather of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the signer. Emigrated to Maryland about 1686.

139. Carroll. Ephm. Carroll.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, In fide et in bello fortes.

140. Cary. Alpheus Cary. Jr.

Plain armorial. The shield surrounded by an oval frame of sun’s rays. Signed, A. Cary del. H. Morse Sc. Of Massachusetts.

141. Cary. Miles Cary.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Sine Deo careo. Of Virginia.

142. Cary. Thomas Cary.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, In medio tutissimus ibis. Signed, Callender Scp. Of Massachusetts.

143. Cay. Gabriel Cay.

Crest only. Name enclosed in Jacobean frame. No motto. Of Virginia.

144. Chalmers. Geo. Chalmers.

Armorial. Motto, Spero. A resident of Maryland; a stiff Loyalist; author of “Chalmers’ Annals.{183}”

145. Chambers. Benjamin Chambers’s Book.

Armorial. False heraldry. Plain armorial plate with supporters, surrounded by a circular wreath. Motto, Spiro. Founder of Chambersburg, Penn.

146. Chambers. John Chambers Esqr.

Armorial. Arms not in Burke. Az. a chevron or. bet. three cockle shells of the last. Chippendale. Motto, Vincit veritas. Signed, E. Gallaudet Sculp. Chief Justice of New York, 1754.

147. Chandler. Gardiner Chandler.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, P. Revere Sculp. Of Massachusetts.

148. Chandler. John Chandler Junr Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. A very handsome design in the best of Hurd’s styles. Has the characteristic flow of water from the large shell at the bottom. No motto. Signed, N. Hurd Sculp. Of Massachusetts.

149. Chandler. Rufus Chandler.

Armorial. Attributed to Hurd.

150. Chase. Sl. Chase.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Ne cede malis. Signed, Boyd Sc. A signer of the Declaration from Maryland.

151. Chauncey. Chauncey.

Plain armorial. Motto, Gloria.

152. Chauncey. Charles Chauncey.

Plain armorial. Motto-ribbon empty.

153. Chauncey. Charles Chauncey M.D.

Plain armorial. Motto, Sublimis per ardua tendo. Two fierce lions couch upon the ends of the motto-ribbon, and the mantling envelopes the shield. The initials C. C., in cipher, are given between the two names.

154. Chauncey. J. St. Clair Chauncey.

Plain armorial. Motto, Gloria. An officer of the United States Navy.

155. Chawney. Armorial. Of Pennsylvania.{184}

156. Chester. John Chester.

Plain armorial. On a ribbon tied above, By the name of Chester. No motto. Of Wethersfield, Conn. Colonel in the Continental Army; commander of the “elite corps”; was in the battle of Bunker Hill.

157. Child. Francis Child.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Pro lege et rege. Signed, H. Dawkins. Sculpt. Very fine work.

158. Child. The Property of Isaac Child.

Under the name is the verse beginning—

Signed, Sold by N. Dearborn & Son. Undoubtedly engraved by Dearborn.

159. Child. Isaac Child, Boston.

Literary. Four shelves of books. Probably by Dearborn.

160. Child. Thomas Child.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Fari aude. Not signed, but evidently the work of Nathaniel Hurd. First Postmaster of Portland, Me.

161. Child. William Henry Child.

Armorial in form, but displaying no arms on the shield. Crest, two doves with olive branches in their mouths. The initials W. H. C., in cipher, occupy the shield. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Very similar in design to the plate of George Grote, the historian. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

162. Clark. D. Lawrence Clark.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Semper idem. Undoubtedly the arms are not genuine: the argent field of the shield is charged with a branch of holly, and the crest is the American eagle, with a star above its head.

163. Clark. John Clark. M.D.

Plain armorial. Motto, Semper idem. The arms are undoubtedly assumed; az. an oak branch ppr. Crest, an American eagle, with a star (mullet) above.{185}

164. Clarke. Alfred Clarke.

Crest only. Motto, Soyez ferme. Of Cooperstown, N.Y.

165. Clarke. George Clarke.

Crest only. Motto, Soyez ferme. Signed, J. F. Morin. Sc. N.Y.

166. Clarke. Peter Clarke.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Coronat virtus cultores suos. Printed in blue ink.

167. Clarkson. David Clarkson Gent.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. Of New York. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 66.

168. Clarkson. M. Clarkson.

Armorial, plain. No motto. Matthew Clarkson was for twenty-one years the President of the Bank of New York.

169. Cleborne. C. I. Cleborne. M. D.

Armorial. The shield canted to one side, surmounted by the helmet; it and the mantling is enclosed within a circular ribbon, on which the motto, Clibor ne sceame, is given. A second ribbon over the design bears the motto, Virtute invidiam vincas. Signed, Jarrett London.

170. Cleveland. Stephen Cleveland.

Pictorial. A very unusual plate: a full-rigged British man-of-war, with ten guns peering from the loop-holes, is hastening from the observer; the English ensign flies from the stern. A very spirited piece of work. It is said that his commission as Captain in our Navy just after the Declaration was the first one issued. Born in Connecticut, 1740, died in Massachusetts, 1801.

171. Clinton. De Witt Clinton.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Patria cara carior libertas. Signed, P. R. Maverick. sculpt. Governor of New York, 1817-1822, and 1824-1827. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” February, 1894.{186}

172. Cock. William Cock.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Quod fieri non vis alteri ne fueris. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. The tinctures in the crest—which looks like a leghorn—are indicated by the words, gules and or, engraved outside, and connected with the parts thus tinctured by dotted lines,—a new method. Of New York. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” March, 1894.

173. Coffin. Coffin arms: name erased.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Post tenebras speramus lumen de lumine. Signed, J. Akin Sculp. The name N. W. Coffin is written upon the copy at hand. The arms are of the family of Sir Isaac Coffin, who was born in Boston, 1759.

174. Coffin. Hector Coffin.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Exstant recte factus praemia. Signed, J. Akin del. F. Kearny Sc. Of Boston.

175. Coffin. John Coffin. 1771.

Armorial. A frame of Jacobean tendencies. Motto-ribbon empty. Of Massachusetts.

176. Colden. Cadwallader D. Colden.

Plain armorial. Motto, Fais bien crains rien. Mayor of New York City in 1818. Friend and coadjutor of De Witt Clinton.

177. Columbia College. Columbia College Library New York.

Allegorical. The scene is out-of-doors; a throne placed on rising ground is occupied by the Goddess of Learning; the Shekinah blazes above and the rising sun peeps over the horizon. Three little nude beginners in learning stand before the Goddess, in whose hand an open book is extended bearing the motto, Λογια Ζὡνζα. From her mouth a scroll issues bearing in Hebrew the motto, אוריאר Let there be light. Beneath this scene is the reference I Pet. II i. 2 &c. The name of the library appears upon the circular frame which encloses the whole scene; the motto, In lumine tuo videbimus lumen, follows the inner line of the circle. Above,{187} an urn is overfilled with the blossoms of knowledge, while the background of the whole is a brick wall. Signed, Anderson sculp.

178. Connecticut Theological Institute. Theol. Institute of Con. 1833. Presented by

Pictorial. The representation is of a pulpit with winding stairs on either side, and a very tall solemn-looking sounding-board behind it, partially hid by a curtain. The front panel of the pulpit has the following, ΚΗΡΥΣΣΟΜΕΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΝ ἙΣΤΑΥΡΩΜΕΝ.

179. Connecticut Theological Institute. Society of Inquiry. Theological Institute of Connecticut.

Three book shelves disclosed by a drawn curtain.

180. Connolly. Charles M. Connolly.

Armorial. Motto, En Dieu est tout. Signed, J. G. Bolen, 104 B’way.

181. Constable. William Constable.

Plain armorial. Motto, Post tot Naufragia portus. Of the early New York family that owned large estates near Utica, N.Y. This plate is circa 1783 and was engraved in New York. It is interesting as a specimen of twisted heraldry; the correct arms are “Quarterly, gu. and vaire, over all a bend or.” (Flamburgh. Co. York, descended from Robert De Lacy, second son of John De Lacy, Baron of Halton, and Constable of Chester). See Burke. In this plate the arms are “Quarterly vaire and gu. over all a bend sinister or.,” which are manifestly incorrect. It was not probably the purpose of the engraver to make this alteration, but not understanding heraldic drawing he drew the arms correctly on the copper, which reversed them in the print.

182. Cooley. Abial A. Cooley’s Property.

An elaborate plate of its kind, which is unusual; it is regular die-sinker’s work, and is printed in red ink. The word Property is on a ribbon which is arched over a peacock and a dove; scrolls abound in convenient places. The only copy seen is in a Boston imprint. 1742.{188}

183. Cooper. Myles Cooper LL.D. Coll. Regis Nov. Ebor. in America. Praefes, et Coll. Reginae de Oxon. Socius &c.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Second President of King’s College (now Columbia). His Loyalist inclinations resulted in a hasty flight from the college; he escaped to England, where he was an honored preacher. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

184. Courtenay. Henry Courtenay.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Very similar in style to the Philip Dumaresque. Not signed, but undoubtedly by Hurd. Of Massachusetts.

185. Cox. Chris. C. Cox. A.M. M.D.

A name-label with the skull and crossed bones above the name. The motto, Lectorem delectando paritque monendo, is given below.

186. Cox. Chris. C. Cox. A.M. M.D. LL.D.

Armorial. Crest only. Motto, Fortiter et fideliter.

187. Cranch. Richd. Cranch. Braintree.

An engraved label. The name is within an oval frame, formed of oak and laurel leaves. This plate was engraved by William Bond of Falmouth (now Portland), in 1786. Richard Cranch was a brother-in-law of John Adams, and lived in Quincy, and also in the adjoining town of Braintree.

188. Craven. Craven.

Armorial. Motto, Verus in actione consistit. This is the plate of Lord William Craven, one of the Lords Proprietors of South Carolina.

189. Crookshank. Judge Crookshank.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Lege et ratione.

190. Cunningham. James Cunningham, Junior.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. Printed in blue ink.

191. Cunyngham. Robert Cunyngham, of Cayou in ye Island of St. Christopher in America, Esqr.

An old armorial plate; no further information at hand.{189}

192. Curwen. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. A crude piece of work. Of Salem, Mass.

193. Cushing. Jacob Cushing, His Book. 1746.

A plain printed label with border of ornamental type.

194. Cushman. Cushman.

Plain armorial. Motto, Habeo pro jus fasque. Signed, Pulini Inc. The famous actress, Charlotte Cushman.

195. Custis. Geo. Washg. Park Custis.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. The last of Washington’s family—builder of “Arlington.” Son of the following.

196. Custis. John Park Custis.

Armorial. Presumably assumed arms; arg. an eagle displayed ppr. Crest, an eagle’s head erased ppr. Chippendale. No motto. Son of Mrs. Washington by her first husband, Daniel Parke Custis. The engraver omitted the e from the middle name.

197. Cutting. James S. Cutting.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Postero ne credo. Signed, Maverick Sct. Of New York.

198. Cutting. William Cutting.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Carpe diem: postero ne crede. Signed, P. R. Maverick Sct. Of New York.

199. Cuyler. John Cuyler.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. Of New York.

200. Dana. Edmund Trowbridge Dana.

The same copper as the following plate, with slight alterations. In the upper left-hand corner the date A.D. 1569 is given. Presumably the date of the grant of arms. Son of R. H. Dana. Translator and editor of works on International Law.

201. Dana. Francis Dana.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Cavendotutus. Signed, N. H. Scp. A handsome plate in Hurd’s best style. Statesman and jurist. Born, Charlestown, Mass., 1743; died in Cambridge, 1811.{190}

202. Dana. Richard Henry Dana.

The same old copper again retouched. The date 1569 is in new type, and the name is changed to the present user. Poet and essayist.

203. Danforth. Danforth.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Ubi plura offendar maculis nitent non ego paucis. Signed, N. H. Scp. At the upper left-hand corner, outside the design, the sun shines in full strength. Presumably the plate of Dr. Samuel Danforth of Boston. Born, 1740; died, 1827.

204. Dartmouth College. Library of Dartmouth College. Presented by Isaiah Thomas Esq A.D. 1819 in his Donation of 470 Volumes.

These words printed from type within a border of ornamental type disposed in an oval.

205. Dartmouth College. Social Friends Library.

A plain shield with thistles for decoration bears the number of the volume. Motto, Sol sapientiae nunquam occidet. The full sun above the shield.

206. Davenport. Armorial. Of Virginia.

207. Davidson. Henry Davidson.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sapienter si sincere. A very neat plate. The wreath has not the proper twisted effect, but appears more like a row of eggs than an heraldic wreath.

208. Davis. Davis.

Plain armorial. Motto, Auspice Christo.

209. Day. John Day.

Plain armorial. Signed, J. Smithers. Sculp. Of Philadelphia.

210. Day. M. W. Day.

Pictorial. A collection of literary property is grouped in an open space where the rising sun shines strongly; the name is given upon a ribbon which floats above; from it depends a lamp; to the right, a book-case; to the left, a bust of Franklin, a large globe, books, ink-pot and quills;{191} in front, an unrolled parchment which purports to be a list of books. The following motto:—

Signed, W. Chapin del & Sc.

211. Deane. John Deane.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Name on motto-ribbon.

212. De Blois. Lew’s. De Blois.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. Signed, Nathaniel Hurd Sculp. The mantling is well conceived but rudely engraved; the shell-lined background is here, and the curtain upheld at the corners, on which the name is given. The whole appearance of the plate shows it to be quite early, and among the first attempts of Hurd.

213. De Blois. N.J. De Blois.

Armorial. Jacobean, with handsome mantling. Motto, Je me fie en Dieu. “These arms are assumed by some members of the family of this name living in Newport, R.I. The first of the name in America was born in Fort George, N.Y., some time before the Revolution; his descendants in New York and Newport carried on a great hardware business with their parents in England, but when the troubles occurred they became Tories and left the country. Some of the wax seals on their old letters bear the impression of a Moor’s head, which may have been correct. Others had either the conceit or ignorance to assume the armorial bearings of the famous and noble family of Châtillon of France, which historical race became extinct in 1762. As, during the 14th century some members of the Châtillons were Comtes de Blois, this title, extinct in 1364, over 500 years ago, is most unwarrantably used as if it were the family name, and the Châtillon arms adopted in a most extraordinary way, reversing the ordinary way of acquiring arms; so audacious and arrogant is the assumption and so sublime the impudence it entitles{192} the fact to a high place in the Curiosities of Heraldry.” (These notes are found accompanying the copy of the plate in the collection of the late Mr. James Eddy Mauran.) This plate is apparently copied from the one by Hurd, and as that is much earlier, it may be that the assumption of the arms was due to him instead of to the later users, who simply copied what appeared to be the legitimate plate and arms of an ancestor.

214. Dedham. Library of the “Young Men’s and Young Ladies’ Societies for the Study of the Sacred Scriptures.” Dedham, (Ms).

The above inscription is printed from type within an oval frame which is cut on wood; elongated cornucopiæ extend their blossoms above and around the central panel; above in a small frame a lute and some music books.

215. Denny. William Denny.

Armorial. Motto, Et mea messis erit. Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania.

216. De Peyster. Frederick De Peyster.

Armorial. A plain, heart-shaped shield supported by two eagles on palm branches, which are crossed under the shield and extend upwards on either side. No motto. Signed, P. R. Maverick Sct. Of New York. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” February, 1894.

217. Derby. Martha Derby.

The name printed within a border of flowers and sprays. A group of musical instruments above.

218. Dering. Nicoll H. Dering.

Armorial. No motto. The Thomas Dering plate by Hurd, with the name altered.

219. Dering. Thomas Dering.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Signed, N. Hurd Sculp 1749. This is the earliest plate by an American engraver which is both signed and dated. But one copy is known at this writing. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 14.{193}

220. Dering. Thomas Dering.

Crest only, enclosed within a circular ring. The half-date 17— is given. Resembles the work of Hurd somewhat.

221. De Witt. Richard Varick De Witt.

A small pictorial plate, representing Minerva standing helmeted and with spear and shield in hand. On some copies of this plate the following additional inscription is found engraved, From his uncle Richard Varick.

222. Dexter. Samuel Dexter’s. MDCCLXXXV.

A printed label, with a border of ornamental type. Eminent lawyer and statesman. Secretary of War 1800, and Secretary of the Treasury, 1801.

223. Dill. John E. Dill. Boston.

A name-label in which the name is printed within a border made up of ornamental type, although it does not look so at first glance. The back of the design resembles a brick wall; the frame is made up of bouquets in holders, hearts, and an assortment of odds and ends.

224. Dinwiddie. Rob’t. Dinwiddie.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Ubi libertas ibi patria. Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, 1751-1758. See “Ex Libris Journal,” Vol. II, pages 89, 125.

225. Dolbeare. Benjamin Dolbeare of Boston in New England. Oxford. Printed at the Clarendon Printing House. October 6, 1739.

A very large printed label, with three rows of ornamental type border, between which the following is printed, “The Noble Art and Mystery of PRINTING was first Invented by JOHN GUTTENBERG of Mentz, a City of Germany in the YEAR 1440 and brought into ENGLAND by JOHN ISLIP of London in the year of our LORD 1471.” This is very like the plate of Martha Bartlett, illustrated in “The Book-plate Collectors’ Miscellany,” page 20. See note from Mr. Tuer in same, page 29. There was an Edward Dolbier in the Boston Tea-party, 16th December, 1773.{194}

226. Dove. Doct. I. Dove. Richmond. Virga.

Armorial. Crest only. A dove ppr. holding an olive branch in her bill. Motto, Deus providebit. The design is completed by a festoon and crossed branches in Ribbon and Wreath style. Signed, Brooks Sculp. The Doct. Cabell plate was evidently the work of this same engraver.

227. Dove. Samuel E. Dove. Richmond. Va.

Pictorial. The dove with the olive branch in her bill flies past mountains with water at their foot. Motto, Ab initio Deus providebit, on a circular garter enclosing the picture.

228. Drayton. Drayton, South Carolina.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Non nobis solum.

229. Drayton. Jacob Drayton, South Carolina.

The same copper as the above with the first name added.

230. Drayton. Wm. Drayton, Middle Temple.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Non nobis solum. A smaller plate than the preceding, with the same arms. The name and address are given in a bracket bordered with scrolls and foliations. A jurist of South Carolina and Florida.

231. Drayton. William Henry Drayton.

Armorial. Statesman. Born at Drayton Hall-on-the-Ashley, near Charleston, S.C., 1742; died, 1779.

232. Duane. James Duane. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Nulli praeda. Signed, H. D. fect. The usual pictorial elements of Dawkins’ style are here introduced. The prim shepherdess and attendant swain on one side of the shield, and a lonely young girl singing to herself by a fountain, to the music of her guitar; her home cannot be far away as she wears no hat and is in décolleté attire. Of New York. Statesman. Member of the Old Congress. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” March, 1894.{195}

233. Dudley. Joseph Dudley 1754.

Armorial. Early English. The mantling is very full, curling upwards as well as downward and completely envelopes the shield. It is the common type of denticulated mantling, but not so elegant as some examples. Motto, Nec gladio nec arcu. The name appears on the usual scroll beneath the shield. Of the family of the Governor of the colony of Massachusetts. This date, 1754, was added by Hurd, and is much later than the actual date of the plate.

234. Duer. E Libris Gul. Alex. Duer.

Plain armorial. Motto, Esse et videri. Of New York. Brother-in-law of Beverly Robinson. President of Columbia College from 1829 to 1842. Son of following.

235. Duer. Willm. Duer. Esq.

Armorial in form. Crest only. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Esse quam videri. Attributed to Maverick: the frame strongly resembles the Maturin Livingston. The name is on the shield. Born, 1747. Delegate to Continental Congress.

236. Dumaresque. Philip Dumaresque.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Signed, N. Hurd. Sculp. One of the first officers of old Trinity Church in Boston.

237. Dummer. Jer. Dummer Anglus Americanus.

Armorial. Early English. No motto. In the diary of John Hull, the coiner of the early specie of Massachusetts, the following entry is found: “1659. 1st of 5th. I received into my house Jeremie Dummer and Samuel Paddy, to serve me as apprentices eight years.” In the “Heraldic Journal” we learn that Jeremiah Dummer was a goldsmith. Married in 1672 Hannah Atwater. He was the father of Governor William Dummer, and of Jeremiah Dummer the younger, the probable owner of this plate, who was Massachusetts agent in England, 1710-1721.{196}

238. Duncan. James H. Duncan.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Disce pati. Very crude work.

239. Dunkin. Robert Henry Dunkin.

Armorial. Motto, Disce pati. Signed, I. H. (Hutt.) Of Philadelphia.

240. Dunning. Charles E. Dunning.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Semper paratus. Foliage, roses and a griffin in the ornamentation.

241. Dunning. Charles S. Dunning.

Armorial. Impaling Wijnkoop. Chippendale. (Late.) Motto, Semper paratus. More elaborate design than the above.

242. Durand. John Durand. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Very fine. Presumably by the brother of Asher B. Durand, who was a fine engraver. A medallion beneath the shield shows cupids in a corn-field.

243. Duvall. E Bibliotheca Gabrielis Duvall. A.D. 1778.

The name printed from type within a woodcut border, in which thirteen stars form a patriotic allusion. Signed, T. S. (Sparrow.) Of Huguenot descent. Born in Maryland, 1752. Jurist and Federal officer.

244. Dyckman. Dyckman.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. The crossed branches are under the shield, and its edge is embellished with close festooning. J. G. written before the name. Motto, Zyt bestindig. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

245. Dyckman. States Morris Dyckman.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Zyt bestendig.

246. East Windsor. Miscellaneous Literary Association, East Windsor.

Allegorical. Minerva in repose. A Greek mask near by.{197}

247. Edwards. Bryan Edwards Esqr. Greenwich Park, Jamaica.

Armorial. Chippendale. Very ornate. Motto, Nosce te ipsum. Signed, Ashby Sculp, Russel Court, London. Historian, and wealthy merchant in Jamaica.

248. Edwards. Charles Edwards.

Plain armorial. Motto, The North against the World. Lawyer and author of New York. Born in 1797.

249. Edwards. Isaac Edwards. North Carolina.

Armorial.

250. Elam. Samuel Elam. Rhode Island.

Armorial. Pictorial. A bit of landscape is introduced, and the shield hangs from a ring around the bole of a shattered oak. A very pretty design and well engraved, reminding one somewhat of the book-plates by Bewick.

251. Eliot. William H. Eliot.

Armorial. Crest only, within an oval garter on which is given the motto, Non nobis solum.

252. Ellery. Benjamin Ellery.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Of New York. The same plate is found bearing the name Harrison Ellery.

253. Elliott. Barnard Elliott.

Plain armorial. Colonel in the Revolution. Signed, P. R. Maverick.

254. Elliston. Robert Elliston Gent. Comptrolr. of his Majesties Customs of New York in America.

Armorial. Jacobean. A very handsome plate indeed, engraved in an excellent manner. The shield is set against a diapered background, and the ornamental moulding of the side is lined with shell-work; the shield rests upon an upturned shell, and two eagles have alighted upon the upper arms. The motto, Bono vince malum, is given upon a ribbon under the frame, and there is no curtain or scroll to receive the inscription, which is engraved plainly in three lines beneath all.{198}

255. Elliston. Robert Elliston Gent. Comptrolr. of his Majestie’s Customs of New York in America.

This is very similar to the preceding, but is a trifle larger, and in some respects superior. As before, the shield is placed within the enfolding arms of a Jacobean frame, but the diapered pattern is succeeded by an all-over shell pattern, and a grinning canephoros head supports the shield. On a ribbon above the crest the date is given, M.DCC.XXV. The motto, Bono vince malum, as before, is on its ribbon under the frame. Again the usual curtain is omitted and the inscription is engraved in three lines below all, with a little more attention to grammatical marks, and in bolder type. The eagles have disappeared. The copy before me has the following in handwriting:—His gift to the library of St. Georges’ Ch: in ... Queens County province of New York. 1730. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 65.

256. Emerson. William Emerson.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. The work looks very much like Callender’s. Motto, Fidem servabo. Father of Ralph Waldo Emerson.

257. Erasmus Hall. Erasmus Hall Library.

Allegorical. Signed, Maverick Sculpt New York. The plate is divided into two sections: the upper one is enclosed within a circular frame, and contains the allegorical picture. Diana is seen in the foreground directing the attention of a youth to the glories revealed upon the heights above them. Two temples are seen which bear dedications to Fame and to Virtue. Surrounded by clouds the angel of Fame is even now appearing above her sacred fane. The implements of study are at the foot of the youth, and under this scene are the words, FORTITER! ASCENDE. The lower part of the design is simply a wreath enclosing the name. The Erasmus Hall Library belonged to an Academy which was founded at Flatbush, L.I., in 1786.{199}

258. Erving. William Erving. Esqr.

Plain armorial. Mottoes, Quo fata vocant, and Flourish in all weathers. Signed, Callender Sct. Undoubtedly of the Boston family of Loyalists.

259. Erving. (Anonymous.)

Plain armorial. Quartering, “Ar. an eagle displayed sa. within a border invected of the last.” The first and third quarters are the Irvine arms.

260. Eustace. Colonel John Skey Eustace, State of New York.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, In hoc signo vinces. The arms are not correct, as one cross-crosslet is missing, and it is not certain that the crest which hangs in unusual style on a plate, from the festoon, belongs to this family. The crest is balanced by a plate on the other side of the shield, on which a letter E is engraved. The whole is contained within an elongated wreath. The name appears above the shield following the curve of the wreath, and at the bottom two additional lines in Latin serve as another motto,{200} Ignotis errare locis, ignota videre, Flumina gaudebat: studio minuente laborem. A variant of the above,—the same copper altered,—gives this motto in place of In hoc signo vinces,—Sans Dieu rien. A Revolutionary officer whose bravery was recognized by Congress.

261. Evarts. Jeremiah Evarts.

A simple name-label with the motto under the name and a festoon of cloth above it. Motto, Nil sine magno vita labore dedit mortalibus. Father of the Senator.

262. Everdell. William Everdell.

Armorial in form, though no real arms are shown. Motto, Semper paratus. The four quarters of the shield are occupied with implements of the draughtsman’s art. Of New York.

263. Everett. Edward Everett.

Plain armorial. Motto, Patria veritas fides. Scholar and orator. Born, 1780; died, 1851.

264. Ewing. Ewing. (John.)

Armorial. Chippendale. A very porky lamb, books, two cooing doves, and a quadrant are introduced into the framework. Motto, Audacter. A Philadelphia clergyman.

265. Fairfax. Bryan Fairfax.

Armorial. Motto, Fare fac. Eighth and last baron; friend of Washington.

266. Farmington. Library in the First Society in Farmington.

A large engraved label.

267. Farmington. This Book belongs to Monthly Library in Farmington.

Allegorical. Signed, M. Bull’s & T. Lee’s Sculp. A large plate in which the Laws and the names with the attendant flourishes take a good deal of the space. In the centre a shelf of books separates two groups of figures. At the right a very stiff youth, in the court costume of the period, with wig, ruffles, and buckled shoes, is seen under the guidance of a portly female figure who impersonates Wisdom. {201}

{202}

She appears to be warning the youth of the dangers of pursuing the two sirens who beam at him across the shelf; or else they are meant to represent the sources of Knowledge, and the youth is being conducted to them. As Deacon Bull was not a great engraver we may be pardoned if we do not clearly understand his allegory. However, the LAWS of the Library are very plain, and are neatly engraved under the row of books mentioned.

Below these stringent rules the following verse is given:—

The design is very ambitious, but is rather poor in execution.

268. Farmington. Village Library.

Library Interior. A young lady, very prim, and exceptionally neat and austere in her virtuous demeanor, sits upright in a chair beside a table, on which a few books are laid, and an ink-pot with the quill in it. An open case of books on the wall, a closed writing-desk under it, and a print of Washington complete the furniture of the room. Out of the window can be seen the inspiring sight of a steep hill, upon the summit of which the pillared Temple of Honor stands.

The following verse is given:—

Also of Farmington, Conn.{203}

269. Fauquier. Francis Fauquier. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia from 1758 to his death in 1768. Regarded by Jefferson as the ablest executive of Virginia. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” May, 1894.

270. Fendall. Philip Richard Fendall.

Armorial. Arms very doubtful. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Esse quam videri.

271. Fenwick. Fenwick.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Perit ut vivat. Signed, J. Smither. Sc. A plate showing fertility of design in the engraver, but not much skill with the burin.

272. Fish. Hamilton Fish. Stuyvesant Square New York.

Plain armorial. Mantling. Motto, Deus dabit. Governor of New York State, 1849-1851.

273. Fisher. Joshua Fisher.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto, name on motto-ribbon. Native of Delaware. A leading merchant of Philadelphia during the Revolution.

274. Fitzhugh. (Anonymous.)

Plain armorial. Motto, Pro patria semper. Of Virginia.

275. Fitzhugh. Willm. Fitzhugh Junr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Pro patria semper. Of Virginia.

276. Foot. Ebenezer Foot.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Signed, Maverick. Sct. Of New York.

277. Foote. Ebenezer Foote. Plain armorial. No motto.

278. Foote. Foote.

Plain armorial. No motto. The name John P. is written in before the family name on the copy at hand.

279. Forbes. Eli Forbes.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Omni fortunae paratus. Signed, T. M. Furnass, St. This is the only specimen so far discovered of the work of{204} this engraver, who was a nephew and pupil of Hurd. The owner was Chaplin in the army of the Revolution and a missionary to the Indians. (1800.)

280. Forman. Forman.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Deo et amicitiae. An officer of the Revolutionary army. Had an estate named “Rose Hill,” in Maryland.

281. Foster.

A plate of this family name is owned in Boston, but no information concerning it can be obtained. It is said to be the work of Furnass.

282. Foster. Isaac Foster.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Mille mali salutis habeo, species mille. Signed, N. Hurd. Scpt.

283. Fowler. C. Fowler.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Name on motto-ribbon. A small plate. Of Rhode Island.

284. Fownes. From the Library of the late Rev. Joseph Fownes, of Shrewsbury, 1790.

A printed label.

285. Foxcroft. John Foxcroft.

Armorial. Of Boston.

286. Francis. John Francis.

Plain armorial. Motto, Manet amicitia florebit que semper. Signed, Callender Sculp.

287. Franklin. John Franklin Boston New England.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Exemplum adest ipse homo. Signed, J. Turner Sculp. The shield rests upon a very elaborately ornamented frame, the background of which is covered with a diaper pattern. As supporters, Artemis, the goddess of the moon, with spear and arrow in hands appears upon the left hand, and Apollo, likewise with spear, attends upon the right. Both are represented with the lower part of the figure diminishing into a vase, in the manner of the Termini. They stand upon an ornamental bracket which encloses a sketch of Diana sounding the hunter’s horn, while an attendant unleashes the hound. The points upon which{205} the figures of Artemis and Apollo rest are supported by female busts in profile. The whole design is very ornate, and the plate is perhaps the rarest of our early Americans. John Franklin was the brother of Benjamin of greater fame.

288. Franklin Institute. Library of the Franklin Institute.

Portrait plate. A very fine portrait of Benjamin Franklin enclosed in a typical picture-frame of the day.

289. Fraunces. Andrew G. Fraunces.

Armorial. Mantle of estate. Motto, Procurator industria. Signed, in the flourishes under the owner’s name, Maverick Scp. An unusual style for Maverick.{206}

290. Freeman. Nathaniel Freeman.

Armorial in form, but no arms displayed. The shield hangs upon a dwarfed tree, and has the initials N. F. in cipher upon it. A long ribbon trails on the ground and over the shield and tree, bearing the motto, וראת וחררו דאשיו דעת.

291. French. Jonathan French.

Armorial. Late Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Of Massachusetts.

292. Gallatin. Gallatin.

Plain armorial. Motto, Persevere. This is the plate of Albert Gallatin (1761-1849), the statesman. He is said to have adopted this motto in place of the family motto.

293. Gallaudet. Gallaudet.

Plain armorial. Motto, Ut quiescas labora. Not signed, but engraved by Edward Gallaudet.

294. Gardiner. By the name of Gardiner.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon. This is the plate of John-Lion, the seventh proprietor of Gardiner’s Island, who was born November 8, 1770, and who died November 22, 1816. The arms are the same as those of John Gardiner, but the tinctures differ; the bugle-horns are gules in this plate, and sable in the other. This plate is also found with the autograph of David, the eighth and last proprietor, under the will of Mary, the widow of Lion.

295. Gardiner. John Gardiner.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. This is the plate of the fifth proprietor of Gardiner’s Island. Born, 1714; died, 1764.

296. Gardiner. John Gardiner of the Inner Temple.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Pro patria mori. A witty and eloquent lawyer of Boston.

297. Gardiner. Samuel Gardiner.

Plain armorial. No motto. Of the Maine family.

298. Garnett. John Garnett.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. No crest.{207}

299. Georgetown College. Georgetown College.

Pictorial. An eagle just rising from the stump of a tree carries a ribbon floating in his beak, on which the legend, Presented to the P. Society Library. Motto above, Lex libertas salusque gentis.

300. Georgetown College. Collegium Georgiopolitanum, ad ripas Potamaci in Marylandia.

The American eagle displays the shield of our country on his breast; one talon is upon a globe, the other grasps a cross. The motto, Utraque unum, is given upon a ribbon which flutters from the beak of the eagle. Above, in a blaze of glory, an ancient lyre is seen. Branches of oak rise on either side of the design.

301. Ghiton. William R. Ghiton. 1718.

Armorial.

302. Gibbes. Edmund A. Gibbes.

Plain armorial. No motto. Of South Carolina.

303. Gibbes. James S. Gibbes.

Plain armorial. Motto, Amor vincit naturae. Of Charleston, S.C.

304. Gibbs. John Walters Gibbs.

Armorial. A very peculiar frame showing Jacobean, Chippendale, and Ribbon and Wreath features. No motto. Crude work.

305. Gibbs. John Walters Gibbs. Charleston. So. Carolina.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Beware my edge, in reference to the battle-axes of shield and crest. Signed, Abernethie Sculpt. The edge of the shield is close-trimmed with festooning, and tall vases rest upon the scrolls at the sides.

306. Gibs. James Gibs.

Armorial. Of New York. Signed by Maverick.

307. Giles. Daniel Giles.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Toujours le même.

308. Giles. James Giles.

Armorial. Military trophies with slight Ribbon and Wreath ornamentation. Motto, Libertas et patria{208} mea. Signed, Maverick Sculp. Behind the shield a plentiful supply of munitions of war are arranged. The flags of the United States and of England, swords, pikes, lances, muskets, bayonets, cannon in the act of discharging, trumpets, drums, wormers, ramrods, cleaners, piles of cannon-balls, and kegs of powder are in the assortment.

309. Gilmer. Armorial. Of Virginia.

310. Gilpin. Henry D. Gilpin.

Pictorial. The arms are carved upon a large fragment of the adjacent ruins, and which lies at the base of a broken column. The ribbon under the shield bears the motto, Dictis factisque simplex. A large tree rises behind the broken column and cuts off the view, but a part of a castle is visible, and between it and the fore view a knight on horseback assisted by one on foot is chasing a wild boar, which is a plain reference to the charge on the shield. Signed, C. G. Childs. Attorney-General of the United States. 1840-1841.

311. Gilpin. Henry D. Gilpin.

A plate so nearly identical with the preceding as to be taken for it without close examination. This plate is not signed.

312. Gilpin. (Anonymous.)

The plate of John Gilpin, English Consul at Newport. Motto, Dictis factisque simplex.

313. Goelet. John Goelet.

Armorial. Jacobean. A beautiful example. No motto. Not signed, but probably by Maverick.

314. Goodwin. George Goodwin.

Pictorial. A bracket of graceful design and ornamentation supports two substantial piles of books, between which ensconced in branches of flowers and holding a lyre in his hands, sits a pleasant-faced cupid. Attributed to Doolittle. Publisher of “The Courant,” Hartford, Conn.

315. Gorham. Joseph Gorham.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Par espérance et activité nous surmontons. Signed, W. Smith Sculp.{209} At the right hand, standing on the name scroll, is an Indian with his feet upon a snake which is stretched at full length. The savage is in civilized clothing, and carries a tomahawk in his folded arms; behind him the ends of bows, arrows, quiver, and tomahawk stand out from behind the shield. On the other side is a British regular with drawn sword in his folded arms; for a background he has a powder-horn, drum, lances, and the British flag.

316. Gourgas. J^N. J^S. J^H. Gourgas.

Armorial. Apparently of French make. No motto. Signed, P. L. In the New York Directory of 1837, the name of John J. J. Gourgas is given;{210} a merchant. This plate is from the same copper as the Jean Louis Gourgas, which is a French plate seen in several collections.

317. Gracie. Robert Gracie.

Crest only. Motto, God grant grace. Signed, Lewis Sculp. In the New York Directory of 1826 as a merchant.

318. Graeme. Elizabeth Graeme.

Armorial. The arms are in a lozenge with Chippendale ornamentation of exceeding gracefulness. No motto. Of Philadelphia. An accomplished woman in literature.

319. Graham. Henry Hale Graham.

Armorial. Signed, J. Smither sc. Eminent lawyer of Chester, Penn.

320. Graham. John A. Graham. M.D.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Ne oublie.

321. Grant..... Grant. (First name erased.)

Plain armorial. Motto, Stand sure. Of Scottish descent.

322. Gray. Gray.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, In Deo fides. Probably by Callender.

323. Green. Francis Green.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Aestate hyeme que idem. A Boston merchant. Signed, N. Hurd Sculp.

324. Green. Garrett Greens’ Private Library. 809 Greenwich Street.

A printed label with the following motto, When we are deprived of friends we should look upon good books (they are true friends that will neither flatter nor dissemble:), and we should study to know ourselves. The borrower will please read and return this Book uninjured and without delay. Circa, 1822.

325. Green. John Green Jr. of Worcester.

A grotesque plate. The name is enclosed within a frame which is filled with mementoes of the dissecting room, and with various mottoes.{211}

326. Greene. Benjamin Greene.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, N. H. Scp. A very neat and pretty plate. A wealthy merchant of Boston; of a branch of the Rhode Island family.

327. Greene. Benjamin Greene. 1757.

The same copper as the above but with the date 1757 added beneath the name; this was probably placed there some time subsequent to the date of engraving, although very likely the correct date. Signature unchanged. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

328. Greene. B. D. Greene.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. A small plate, very neat in appearance.

329. Greene. David Greene.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Nec timeo nec sperno. Signed, Revere scp. Of Massachusetts.

330. Greene. Thomas Greene Junr.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Study to know thyself. Signed, N. Hurd Scp. Very similar to the plate of Benjamin Greene.

331. Greenleaf. William Greenleaf.

Armorial. Signed, N. Hurd. Scp.

332. Greenough. The Property of David Stoddard Greenough.

A printed name label with borders of ornamental type. The motto, Return what thou borrowest, with the most sacred punctuality, and withhold it not, is printed between the borders. A woodcut pattern of festooning and sprays of flowers encloses the whole. Signed, William Greenough fecit.

333. Greenwood. Isaac Greenwood.

Pictorial. An anchor enclosed within a circular frame which bears the name; slight foliations within the frame. Resembles an old printer’s mark somewhat.{212}

334. Griggs. A. Griggs Philadelphia.

Pictorial. In a position quite impossible to imagine outside of the picture, are three books thrown upon a huge rock, holding a scroll outspread, which hangs down over a rushing brook. Indeed, one corner of the scroll dips into the water; a few brushes and stunted or dead trees complete the landscape. This is a woodcut in the style of Anderson.

335. Guilford Library. Guilford Library.

Literary. Motto, Improve your hours for they never return. A shelf of books very similar to that in the plate of George Goodwin, has a cloth festoon looped above it; the motto is on a circle enclosing the winged hourglass; the scroll-work above this is made into the form of a face. This plate closely resembles that of the Stepney Society, in Wethersfield, which is by Doolittle, and leads to the conclusion that this is also his work. In 1737 the towns of Guilford, Saybrook, Killingsworth, and Lyme formed a Library Association. It was dissolved a little before 1800, and Guilford formed one by itself: at about the same time the young people of the town started a library, and these two were united in 1823 and formed the Union Library whose plate is noticed below.

336. Guilford. Union Library.

Pictorial. The American eagle, with shield, olive branch, bunch of arrows, and the ribbon with the motto, E pluribus unum, is printed from a woodcut; the motto, Improve your hours for they never return, is printed from type beneath.

337. Guinaud. Henry Guinaud.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Sans venin. A bow and quiver of arrows and a Gainsborough hat with a stick thrust through it are seen in the ornamentation. The arms are peculiarly unpleasant, being a huge ten-legged scorpion printed very black. This is repeated in the crest. Of Baltimore.{213}

338. Gurney. Henry Gurney. Esqr. Philadelphia.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sperne successus alit.

339. Hale. Robert Hale Esqr of Beverly.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Signed, N. Hurd Scp. Prominent man in Massachusetts; under Pepperell at Louisburg. From this family of Hales came Nathan Hale.

340. Hall. James Hall.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Not signed, but attributed to Turner. Lawyer and author of Philadelphia.

341. Hall. Thomas Hall. 1787.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Believed to be the first postmaster under Washington, in Charleston, S.C.

342. Hall. William Hall.

Armorial. Arms, Quarterly 1st and 4th, Sable, three talbot’s heads erased argent, collared gules, 2nd and 3rd, Sable, three leopard’s heads jessant-de-lys, orgeant. Crest, a talbot’s head erased sable.

343. Hallowell. Robert Hallowell.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto-ribbon empty. This plate is not signed, but is probably the work of Callender. Comptroller of the Customs in Boston. A Loyalist whose home was mobbed. One of his sisters married Samuel Vaughn, whose plate impales the Hallowell arms.

344. Hamersley. J. W. Hamersley.

Plain armorial. Motto, Honore et amore. Signed, Faithorne. A New York lawyer.

345. Hamilton. William Hamilton.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Of Pennsylvania. A Loyalist. Nephew of Governor James Hamilton. His country seat was “The Woodlands,” now the Woodland Cemetery of Philadelphia.{214}

346. Hanchett. John Hanchett.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Taken from a book containing the autograph of the owner, with the date, Aug. 28, 1768, and the residence given as Hartford.

347. Harris. Alexander Harris, Architect, Boston.

An engraved label.

348. Harison. Richard Harison. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Nec te quaesiveris extra. A large plate, very pretty in appearance, but strange in the tincture of the arms. Of New York.

349. Harrison. Rich’d. Harrison.

Crest only. Motto, Nec te quaesiveris extra. A lambrequin looped up with cord and fasteners above. Signed, Rollinson Sculpt. Presumably belonging to the same owner as the last.

350. Hartford. Hartford Library Company.

An engraved name-label; the name within an oval frame, with a festoon of roses about it, and sprays of palm crossed beneath. Now the Hartford Public Library.

351. Harvard. Sigill: Coll: Harvard: Cantab: Nov: Angl: 1650.

Armorial. Signed, N. Hurd Sculp. Motto, Christo et ecclesia. The design is in the form of a seal, and is enclosed within branches of holly. Above all a ribbon bears the words, Detur digniori, showing the use and purpose of the plate to have been for insertion in books presented as prizes to the students. This is the earliest of the Harvard plates.

352. Harvard. Sigill: Coll: Harvard: Cantab: Nov: Angl: 1650.

Armorial. The arms of the college enclosed within a double circle which bears the inscription. The motto, Christo et ecclesia, is just inside the border. The framework is embellished with a profusion of fruit and flowers; in the place of the crest, a pile of three books with the sun in splendor above them;

{215}

{216}

on each side of the books two slender vases standing upon an upward curl of the ornamentation hold bouquets; below this whole design a gorgeous curtain is spread out to contain the name of the giver of the book; this is backed by a frame whose edge only is seen; this is elaborately scrolled, and is finished at the bottom with the canephoros head and shell pattern; two globes at the uppermost part, on either side, complete the decoration. Signed, N. Hurd Boston. Several plates are known very similar to this, but having different names upon the curtain. One of them has simply the words Ex Dono, with the curtain left blank for the writing of the giver’s name. Others have the name of donors of quantities of books engraved upon the curtain; among these are, Hancock and Thorndike.

353. Harvard. Sigill: Coll: Harvard: Cantab: Nov: Angl: 1650.

A very close copy of the above in all particulars; indeed, a fac-simile of it. Signed, A. Bowen. On some of them appear the name of Shapleigh, and on others, Ex Dono Samuelis A. Eliot.

354. Harvard. Sigill: Coll: Harvard: Cantab: Nov: Angl: 1650.

This is again a copy in the main of the plate by Hurd, but is later than the last. The ornamentation is similar to that used by Hurd, but is changed in some particulars; the canephoros head is replaced by a bunch of grapes, the sun is missing above the pile of books, and all the work has lost in beauty of execution. Signed, Andrew Filner. This plate is used to record the gifts of many persons, among them being:—

355. Harvard. Academiae Harvardianae Sigillum. 1638.

The arms of the college as usual, with the addition of the word Veritas upon the open books. This{217} plate in its general design was suggested by the plate of Hurd, but is quite different in details. The curtain, simpler in make, is still here, and the shield is in the usual position, but the fruit and flowers are replaced by an august assemblage of the gods and goddesses who are the special patrons of learning. Signed, H. Billings del. C. G. Smith Sc.

356. Harvard College. Hasty Pudding Library.

Pictorial. Two Doric pillars uphold a large curtain which is looped at the top, and left plain in the centre for the writing in of donors’ names. Above this a circular frame encloses a picture of an iron pot, supposedly full of pudding, towards which two hands, one with a bowl in its clasp, and one holding a spoon, approach. The motto, Seges votis respondet, is given upon the frame. Directly under this is the date, 1808. Below the curtain a figure of the Sphynx is seen surrounded by books in curved shelves. The bases of the pillars bear the words, Concordia discors. Signed, Callender Sc. A Harvard College Society plate.

357. Harvard College. Porcellian Library.

A large and handsome curtain looped up with cord in large bow-knots is left as usual for the donors’ names; above it two small pillars with the Greek letters on their bases, Ὁμ Ἑλ; the pillars are joined by a chain which passes behind an oval medallion on which the clasped hands are shown; above this the circular frame bearing the name encloses the hog; the frame is ornamented with sprays of palm and roses, and a pile of three books, as so often in plates of Harvard College, form the crest. This plate is not signed, but it strongly resembles the work of Callender.

358. Harvard College. Porcellian Club. 1803.

Allegorical. Two stone pillars support a circular frame within which the hog is pictured. On the frame the name of the club is given; below hangs a poor curtain for the name of the donor of books;{218} above are the arms surrounded by the grape-vine, and having books, a loving cup, lance, and foil grouped about. The motto across the face of the shield on a bend, Fide et Amicitia. Greek letters on the base of the pillars, Ὁμ Ἑλ.

359. Harvard College. Porcellian Library.

In this plate the curtain is suspended between two very tall amphoræ which rest upon books bearing the Greek letters Ὁμ Ἑλ upon their backs; behind the curtain two hogs disport themselves; the circular frame is above them and encloses the representation of a punch bowl, under which is the motto, Dum vivimus vivamus. Above all, the shield of arms with the motto on a bend, Fide et Amicitia, is graced by grape-vine branches, and the crossed lance and sword. Signed, F. Mitchell. Del.

360. Hawks. Francis L. Hawks.

Armorial. Motto, Never check. Clergyman and author. Left a large collection of books to the New York Historical Society, where they are kept in a room appropriated to their sole occupancy.

361. Hay. Mr. George Hay.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Serva jugum. Jurist of Virginia. Prosecutor of Aaron Burr.

362. Hay. Peter Hay. M.D.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Serva jugum.

363. Hay. William Robert Hay. M.A.

Plain armorial. No motto. Was a student at the Inner Temple, London, in 1781.

364. Hayne. Isaac Hayne.

Armorial. Revolutionary patriot. Born, 1745; hanged by the British in Charleston, S.C., 1742.

365. Hayne. Robert Hayne.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto.

366. Hays. Barrack Hays.

Landscape. The shield rests against a shattered tree. In the distance, hills and water. Signed, I. Hutt Sculp.{219}

367. Hayward. Benjamin Hayward. Of Charleston, S.C.

368. Hayward. George Hayward.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Flags, cannon, a trumpet, and a lance form the background to the shield; the mantling runs down and joins the flowering branches which are crossed beneath the shield. Below the name which is on the motto-ribbon, hangs a small curtain, probably for the number of the volume.

369. Hayward. Sarah Hayward.

Armorial. The same copper as the above with the first name altered.{220}

370. Hayward. Thomas Hayward.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. A signer of the Declaration from South Carolina.

371. Heath. John Heath. Boston.

An engraved label in which the sun rises above the name, which is enclosed in festoons and sprays.

372. Heming. Samuel Heming. de sancta Anna Parochia in Jamaica. Armigr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Aut nunquam tentes aut perfice. Very fine work.

373. Henderson. James Henderson, Williamsburg. Pictorial. Military. A woodcut very similar to the Timothy Newell.

374. Herbert. Herbert.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Un loy, un roy, un foy. Not signed, but probably the work of Maverick.

375. Herman. Sum Ex Libris Frederici Hermani, Sapientia praestat divitiis. Printed label. Of Pennsylvania.

376. Hicks. Elias Hicks. Plain armorial. Behind the shield a sword is seen and on its belt the motto is given, Tout en bonne heure. Signed, P. Maverick. S. Distinguished Quaker preacher.

377. Hicks. Elias Hicks.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Judicemur agendo. Signed, Rollinson Sct.

378. Hicks. Whitehead Hicks. Esqr.

Chippendale. Motto, Pro lege et rege. Signed, H. Dawkins. Sculpt. At the left a cupid is playing a flute; to which accompaniment his companion sings from a sheet of music held in his hand. At the right, a female in a costume of extreme simplicity sits under a jutting rose branch, while awaiting a cupid who is seen struggling towards her with a large volume. Of the same Quaker family. Mayor of New York City, 1766-1776.{221}

379. Hill. Marcus Samuel Hill.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Non sibi sed patriae.

380. Hill. Sam’l. Hill.

Literary. Within an oval formed by branches of palm and holly, two books with quill and ink-pot upon them. Probably the plate of the engraver.

381. Hoar. Richard Hoar.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto. This plate is not signed, but it bears a strong resemblance to the work of Hurd.

382. Hoffman. Philip L. Hoffman. Esqr.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Carpe diem. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. New York. A bit of landscape introduced below the shield, as was often Maverick’s way; a stretch of water, trees, books, and writing materials complete the adjuncts. The name is signed on an open scroll; this lower part of the plate is very similar to the plate of Prosper Wetmore by the same engraver. Of New York.

383. Holladay. Armorial. Of Virginia.

384. Hollingsworth. Levi Hollingsworth. Armorial. Chippendale. No motto.

385. Holyoke. Edward Augustus Holyoke.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Duce natura sequor. Not signed, but without doubt the work of Hurd. Eminent physician and surgeon of Massachusetts. Lived to a great age and performed an operation at the age of 92.

386. Holyoke. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sacra quercus. This plate is presumably of the Holyoke family, as the motto is the family motto, the arms are meant to be the Holyoke arms, and the crest is correctly an oak-tree. The design and execution of this plate are poor.

387. Hooper. Swett Hooper. Pictorial. Over a vase full of flowers, two cupids bearing a scroll on which is the motto, The wicked borrow & return not.{222}

388. Hooper. William Hooper.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Haec etiam parentibus. Signed, N. H. Scp. Plate of the signer of the Declaration from North Carolina.

389. Hopkins. (Anonymous.) Plate of Reuben Hopkins.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Piety is peace. The frame which supports the shield rests upon two books; other books, a globe, and a telescope are among the decorations.

390. Hopkinson. Francis Hopkinson.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Semper paratus. Signed, H. Dawkins Sculp. The frame is very like that of the Bushrod Washington plate in some respects. This type is not uncommon; the peculiar cant of the shield, the hissing griffin perched threateningly upon the corner of the frame, and the very form and arrangement of the flowers and spray are duplicated in several instances. Son of Thomas Hopkinson, the Councillor of Pennsylvania. A signer of the Declaration from New Jersey.

391. Hopkinson. Joseph Hopkinson.

Armorial. The same copper as the last, with the name changed. The first name, Francis, is not well removed and shows in the printing of the plate. Son of Francis. A distinguished lawyer. Author of “Hail Columbia.”

392. Horanian Society. Horanian Society Library.

Allegorical. The large shield displays a picture of the Madonna; the supporters are Diana and the Muse of History; the crest is a pile of three books with an owl perched upon them. A large pediment supports the shield and the figures, and on its face the name is given within an elliptical frame; festoons and a curtain of cloth hang about it, and the motto, Mutual Improvement, is given upon a ribbon which is draped across the top of the frame. Signed, P. R. Maverick Sct. No. 3 Crown Street. N.Y.{223}

393. Horry. Dan Horry. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Toujours fidèle. Of South Carolina.

394. Horsmanden. Daniel Horsmanden. Esqr.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, De interior templo socius. Author of “Negro Plot of New York, 1741.” Published in 1810. Born, 1691; died, Flatbush, 1778. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 65.

395. Hubard. Armorial. Of Virginia.

396. Humphrey. Henry B. Humphrey.

Pictorial. A very graceful framework encloses several spaces which are occupied by decorative features. Above the name, Minerva, helmeted and robed, with shield and spear, is seated attended by the owl. Beneath her the motto appears on a curved portion of the frame, Inter folia fructus. Beneath this again is the name within an oval formed by two writhing snakes; at either side of this are female griffins, sejant. At the very lowest point of the design a grotesque canephoros head is seen. Of Boston.

397. Hunter. Archibald Hunter.

Armorial. Signed by Dawkins.

398. Hunter. John Hunter. Plain armorial. No motto. A small plate.

399. Hunter. His Excellency, Robert Hunter. Esqr.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, At re non impetu. In writing, the General and Chief General of Jamaica. Author of the famous letter on “Enthusiasm,” which was attributed to Shaftesbury and to Swift. Became Governor of Jamaica in 1728.

400. Hunter. William J. Hunter.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Sola bona quae honesta. Signed, Engrd. by P. R. Maverick 65 Liberty St. N. Y.

401. Hurd. Name of Hurd.

Armorial. The arms seem to be wholly imaginary, or at least borrowed from some other family.{224} Arms, Az. a lion ramp. or. on a chief ar. a stork ppr. between two mullets sa. Crest, A bird sa. on a garb fess-ways ppr. No motto. The name occupies the ribbon. This plate is crude in appearance, and not unlike the work of Nathaniel Hurd; it may have been an early attempt of his for himself or some member of his family. The copy before me has written upon it, “Isaac Hurd’s presented to Barzillai Frost.”

402. Hyslop. By the name of Hyslop.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon.

403. Hyslop. Robt. Hyslop.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Vincit omnia veritas. A rude piece of engraving. The garland draped behind the shield is very stiff, and the oak branches at the sides are ungraceful.

404. Ingersoll. Jared Ingersoll Esqr. of New Haven Connecticut.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Fama sed virtus non moriatur. Lawyer; born, 1749; died, 1822. Studied in the Middle Temple, London. Member of the Old Congress, 1780-1781. In 1812 was the Federal candidate for Vice-President of the United States. Author of a rare pamphlet on the Stamp Act, New Haven, 4to, 1766.

405. Inglis. Inglis. Plain armorial. Motto, In tenebris lucidor. Of New York.

406. Inglis. Alexr. Inglis.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Lucidor in tenebris. The heraldry is mixed and the motto twisted. Of South Carolina.

407. Inglis. George Inglis. Petersburg.

A woodcut border with the name in type within it. The border is elaborate, with cornucopiæ of flowers at either side, and ornamental pieces in the corners. In the copy at hand the type is set in wrongly, so that the frame is bottom up.{225}

408. Inglis. John Inglis.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Recte faciendo securus. Of Pennsylvania.

409. Ingraham. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Magnanimus esto. Name bracket empty.

410. Ingraham. Edward D. Ingraham.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Magnanimus esto. It was said of him that if he wanted a book, he would prefer to buy it; if he could not buy, he would borrow (not to return), and if necessary would even steal it. A man of great learning and eccentricity. Lawyer of Philadelphia. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

411. Ingraham. Edwd. D. Ingraham. Crest only.

412. Ingraham. Edward D. Ingraham. Plain armorial. No motto.

413. Ingraham. Edward D. Ingraham. Crest only, enclosed in a garter on which the motto is given,—Magnanimus esto.

414. Innes. Colonel Innes. Plain armorial. Motto, Je recois pour donner. Of North Carolina.

415. Iredell. James Iredell.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto; name on motto-ribbon. Jurist of North Carolina. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” March, 1894.

416. Iselin. Helen Iselin. Plain armorial. Crude work; the mantling very scraggly. No motto.

417. Izard. R. S. Izard.

Armorial. Pictorial. The arms are carved on what bears strong resemblance to a gravestone; a draped female figure stands leaning upon the stone holding a book open, on which the motto, Hoc age, is given.

418. Jackson. James Jackson.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Bona quae honesta.{226}

419. Jackson. Jonathan Jackson.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Bona quae honesta. Signed, N. H. Scp. A Massachusetts statesman. Member of Old Congress. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” April, 1894.

420. Jackson. W. Jackson.

Ribbon and Wreath. A shield is suspended from a wall-pin under the crest, on which assumed arms are shown; in chief a group of thirteen stars surrounded by the word Independence; in base is a plough, indicative of the spirit of the owner. Motto, Meliora non opto. Perhaps the plate of Major William Jackson, a prominent patriot of the Revolution; held many offices.

421. Jamaica. The Bishop of Jamaica.

Armorial. Motto, Simplius sicut columbae. Signed, Griffiths & Weigalls 3 St James St Londn.

422. Jarvis. Jarvis.

Armorial. Pictorial. A very handsome and peculiar plate, in which the shield resembles a wind-filled sail; angry waves roll at the foot, and a part of a mast and sail are seen. The ornamentation at the sides takes the form of trees and sprays of holly, while roses appear at the sides. Motto, Adversis major par secundis.

423. Jarvis. Samuel Farmar Jarvis. D.D.

Armorial. Literary. Mottoes: Hora é sempre, and see Sola salus servire Deo. The shield rests against a pile of books, and above the cross and crown are seen in a blaze of glory. Son of Bishop Abraham Jarvis.

424. Jauncey. Jauncey.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Quo vocat virtus. The name William is written in on the copy at hand. He was a merchant in New York. His father was an eminent ship-captain.

425. Jay. John Jay. Plain armorial. Motto, Deo duce perseverandum. Statesman.{227}

426. Jeffries. Dr. John Jeffries.

Plain armorial. No motto. It is said that he was the surgeon who recognized the body of Warren at the battle of Bunker Hill. This plate is not signed, but bears strong resemblance to the work of Callender.

427. Jeffries. J. J.

Crest only. Plate of John Jeffries.

428. Jeffry. James Jeffry.

Armorial. Early Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Same arms as the succeeding.

429. Jenkins. Robert Jenkins.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Non reverter invitus. Signed, N. Hurd. Some copies are dated 1751 in mss. A very handsome plate in which the arms are{228} placed against a diapered background, enclosed by ornamental scroll-work, set off at the bottom by a spirited scene in which a ship under full sail hastens from view. At the upper part of the frame two grotesque female faces peer at each other from across the space in which the crest is given. In the steeple of Christ Church, Boston, in which the lanterns of Paul Revere were hung, a chime of eight bells, made by Abel Rudhall of Gloucester, England, was placed in 1744; each bell bears an inscription; on the sixth we read that the subscriptions for these bells was completed by Robert Jenkins and John Gould, Church Wardens, Anno 1744.

430. Johnson. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Deo regique debeo. The shield rests upon an elaborately carved pedestal, on which the supporters, American Indians, stand. This is very probably the plate of Sir William Johnson, nephew of Admiral Sir Peter Warren, and colonial agent of George II. for the control of Indian affairs in the colony of New York (1756). Still, the plate seems hardly old enough to have been his, and may have been his son’s. Only one copy is known to the writer.

431. Johnson. John I. Johnson.

Pictorial. A cherub coming down on the clouds carries a curtain before him, spread out, and on this the name is given. A brick wall frames the oval which holds the picture. Signed, Maverick. St.

432. Johnson. Thomas Johnson.

Armorial. Chippendale; rather wild. No motto. The design is supported upon four short columns which rest upon a large shell. Query: Is this an early effort of Hurd’s (as it resembles his work), or is it the work and plate of Johnson, the engraver and herald painter?

433. Johnson. W. L. Johnson.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Per aspera ad astra. Of South Carolina. {229}

{230}

434. Johnson. Wm. S. Johnson of Connecticut Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Per aspera ad astra. Born in Connecticut. Distinguished jurist and scholar. Delegate to Congress, 1765; agent of Connecticut in England, 1766-1771.

435. Johnson. Wm. S. Johnson LL.D.

The same plate as the above with the inscription altered. President of Columbia College, 1787-1801.

436. Johnston. Johnston.

Armorial. Book-pile. Motto, Nunquam non paratus. This is in the conventional book-pile style, and is the only example we have of this peculiar arrangement of books. The volumes are piled in three tiers about an open scroll which is suspended in the centre and which bears the arms. On the copy before me the letter G is written before the name. Of Maryland.

437. Johnston. John Johnston.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Nunquam non paratus. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. Not so striking as the Thomas Johnston.

438. Johnston. Robert Johnston.

Armorial. Of Turkey Island.

439. Johnston. Thomas Johnston.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Nunquam non paratus. Signed, Maverick Sculp N.Y. A beautiful plate.

440. Jones. Gabriel Jones. Attorney at Law in Virginia.

Armorial. Early Chippendale. Motto, Pax hospitia ruris.

441. Jones. Gardner Jones.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto-ribbon empty. Of Boston.

442. Jones. Samuel Jones Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Trust in God. Signed, Dawkins Sc. This plate has none of the extraneous ornamentation so common to Dawkins. Member of Constitutional Convention. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” March, 1894.{231}

443. Jones. William G. Jones.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Pax et copia. Born Aug. 5, 1787. Of New York. The same copper as the Gardner Jones with the name altered, and the motto placed on the ribbon.

444. Judah. Benjamin S. Judah.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Fortitudo et justitia. Signed, Maverick Sculpt.

445. Judah. Benjamin S. Judah.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Fortitudo et justitia.{232}

446. Keese. John Keese.

A small engraved label, with Chippendale frame, and books at either side. Signed, Maverk. Sct. Earlier than the following; a very unusual signature for Maverick.

447. Keese. John Keese.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Bello virtus. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. Of New York.

448. Keffer. John C. Keffer. Pictorial. A figure representing Commerce is seated on a rock with implements of Agriculture around her; in the distance can be seen an expanse of water with boats upon it.

449. Keith. Ex Libris Gul. Keith.

Armorial in form, though no arms are shown. Early English; heavy mantling. On the shield the inscription is given. The only copy known (Loganian Library) is dated 1727 in ms. Governor of Pennsylvania, 1717-1726. He was a “desperate intriguer.” See “Franklin’s Autobiography.”

450. Kemble. Peter Kemble.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, J. Lewis. Rather crude work. An illustration apparently from the original copper may be found in “The Pilgrims of Boston,” etc., by Thomas Bridgman.

451. Kempe. John Tabor Kempe. Esqr.

Armorial. Early Chippendale. Motto, Labour to rest. Last Royal Attorney-General of New York. A Loyalist whose estates were confiscated.

452. Kerr. John Leeds Kerr. (See John Leeds Bozman.)

453. Key. F. S. Key, Georgetown, Columbia.

Label with type border. Lawyer and poet, born in Maryland, 1779; writer of “The Star Spangled Banner.”

454. King. Miles King.

Armorial. Of Norfolk, Va.{233}

455. King. Morris King.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Loyall au mort.

456. King. Rufus King.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Recte et suaviter. Signed, Maverick Sculpt.

457. King. Sally King, Owner.

Pictorial. A peculiar plate, drawn in ink, by hand. Two columns support an entablature, in the centre of which a large representation of a mariner’s compass is given. The motto, Cherish Virtue, is on the circular frame enclosing it. The work on all parts of the design is very fine, and shows a master hand. Not many of these plates are known, but a few are certainly known to have been in use. They were, presumably, the work of some member of the family who was efficient with the pen, and had time and inclination to use his talent thus. Although dating probably about 1800, the ink is fresh, and the plate clear and excellently drawn.

458. Kingston. Kingston. Plain armorial. No motto. Of Pennsylvania.

459. Kingston, Canada. Santa Johanis Evangelistae Sigilum Collegi Latomorum. Kingston, Canada, 1794. Vesica-shaped shield, on which a robed figure holds an open book, which shows masonic emblems on its pages.

460. Kinloch. Francis Kinloch. Esqr.

Plain armorial. Motto, Altius tendo. A student at Gray’s Inn in 1774.

461. Kip. Isaac L. Kip.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Victoris aut mors. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. The signature is on a scroll upheld by a winged cherub, who rests against a stump. Among the accessories are a book labelled LAW, an ink-pot, etc.

462. Kip. Leonard Kip, New York.

Pictorial. Two quills are crossed above a scroll on which the name is given. Signed, B. Brown. Sc. President of the North River Bank.{234}

463. Kip. Leonard Kip.

Plain armorial. Motto, Vestigia nulla retrorsum. Same as preceding.

464. Kirkpatrick. James Kirkpatrick.

A woodcut label; books and other literary property are distributed about; the name is on an opened scroll.

465. Kissam. Benjamin Kissam.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Honestum Praetulit util. Signed, H. Dawkins. Inv. et Sculp. This is in the happiest vein of this engraver. At the left a young lady in the low-necked, hooped dress of the period, carrying a shepherd’s crook, and at the right the shepherd himself, but having his crook, is seated. By his side a very docile, even weakly appearing lamb, listens while he plays the flageolet. A prominent lawyer in New York in the middle of the last century.

466. Knight. Jonathan Knight’s Book No.

Armorial. Jacobean. A small plate of rude workmanship. On the motto-ribbon are the words, By the name of Knight. A Revolutionary army surgeon; died in Norwalk, Conn., 1829.

467. Knights. Knights of the Square Table.

Armorial. Architectural. A stone canopy is erected in Pointed Gothic style, across the face of which, and hiding from view the long windows, a curtain is stretched, along the top of which the motto, Cassis Tutis Sima Virtus, is shown. The shield of arms is placed above the window-tops, and is surrounded by mantling rather straight and original in design. At the very foot the date 1809 appears.

468. Knox. William George Knox. Trinidad. Plain armorial. Motto, Moreo et proficio.

469. L. Ex Libris L.

Armorial. The shield is enclosed within a large letter L, a French crown surmounts it, and on a ribbon at the foot is seen Joe L—. Signed, P. Riera. Of South Carolina.{235}

470. Ladd. Ladd.

Armorial. Chippendale; rough. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon. Signed, S. Felwell. Sculpt. Of New Hampshire.

471. Lamb. John Lamb.

Armorial. A gallant soldier of the Revolution.

472. Lardner. Lynford Lardner.

Armorial. Pictorial. Landscape. The shield rests against the bole of an oak, and around it are sparse bushes and grass. Motto, Mediocria firma. Of Philadelphia. Probably the grandson of the Provincial Councillor.

473. Laurens. Edward R. Laurens.

Armorial. Belongs to no particular style. The shield is highly ornamented with scrolls and flowers. Motto, What is, is best. Signed, Stout del et Sculpsit. Of South Carolina.

474. Lawrence. J. Tharp Lawrence. Plain armorial. Motto, In cruce salus. An ermine mantle behind the shield.

475. Leavenworth. Capt. Gideon Leavenworth.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto, the name on the motto-ribbon. Very crude work, resembling the Elijah Backus plate.

476. Lee. Armorial. Of Virginia. (Richard Henry Lee?)

477. Lee. Edward Lee. Esqr.

Plain armorial. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon. Of Virginia.

478. Lee. Cpt. John Lee. A crude name-label, with a border suggestive of nothing. Signed, S. Mcintire.

479. Lee. Philip Ludwell Lee, Esqr of the Inner Temple LONDON.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Non incautus futuri. Of Virginia.

480. Leiper. Armorial. Of Virginia.{236}

481. Lenthall. John Lenthall.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, Thackara. A large plate, the only signed specimen of this engraver’s work. Very probably the plate of John Lenthall, an Englishman employed by Latrobe on the public buildings at Washington, and a very valuable architect.

482. Lenox. David Lenox. Philadelphia.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Auctor pretiosa facit.

483. Lenox. James Lenox. Plain armorial. Motto, Auctor pretiosa facit. The founder of the Lenox Library, New York City.

484. Lewis. Joseph S. Lewis.

Literary. No motto. Four large books in an impossible position; the topmost one has the name engraved upon the side; an ink-pot and two quills, with a sprig of holly, complete the ornamentation. A prominent merchant of Philadelphia seventy-five years ago.

485. Lewis. Mordecai Lewis. No.

A very handsomely engraved name-label. A frame of Chippendale gracefulness surrounds the name. A canephoros head of pleasant expression appears in the lower edge. A Philadelphia merchant. Born, 1784; died, 1851.

486. Lewis. Morgan Lewis Esqr.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Courage sans peur. This plate is not signed, but it is undoubtedly the work of Maverick. Soldier and jurist. Was on the staff of General Gates in the Revolution, and was in action again in the War of 1812.

487. Lightfoot. Philip Lightfoot.

Armorial. Of Virginia. Tomb at Sandy Point, dated 1784.

488. Lightfoot. Wm. Lightfoot Esqr. Tedington. 1750.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto.{237}

489. Linn. Rev. Matthias Linn.

Armorial.

490. Lisle. Henry Maurice Lisle, Attorney at Law.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Legibus viro. Of Hingham, Mass. Circa 1800

491. Livermore. Edmund St. Loe Livermore.

An engraved name-label, with the motto on an ornamental ribbon above, Miseris succurrere disco. Lawyer of Boston.

492. Livingston. Brockholst Livingston Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Spero meliora. Son of Governor William Livingston. Accomplished scholar and lawyer. Of New York. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 63.

493. Livingston. Edward Livingston.

Landscape. The shield upheld against a shattered oak by a ribbon; the ship in distress for crest; Spero meliora on a dainty ribbon among the twigs. At the foot of the tree, close to which a marsh is seen, a pointer barks at a squirrel sitting unconcernedly on a bough eating acorns. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. A beautiful plate. Jurist and statesman. Son of Robert R. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 64.

494. Livingston. John R. Livingston.

An engraved label, the name being within an oval frame.

495. Livingston. Maturin Livingston.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Spero meliora. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. Of New York.

496. Livingston. Mortimer Livingston. Plain armorial. Motto, Spero meliora.

497. Livingston. Peter R. Livingston.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Prestat opes sapientia. Signed, N. Hurd. Scp. The whole within an oblong frame. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 62.

498. Livingston. Robert L. Livingston.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Spero meliora. Crest, a demi-barbarian with a bludgeon raised in{238} his right hand, and a coiling serpent in the other. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 64.

499. Livingston. Rob’t. R. Livingston Esqr. of Cleremont.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Spero meliora. Not signed, but probably the work of Maverick. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 63.

500. Livingston. Rob’t. R. Livingston. Esqr. Of Clermont.

Armorial. Pictorial. The shield rests against a broken column; at its base a large globe, caduceus, scrolls, and vellum-bound books. A garland of roses falls across the shield, and a view of the distant plain is afforded through the bushes at the{239} side. A large palm above droops over all. Motto, Spero meliora. Crest, the ship. A very beautiful plate. Eminent lawyer. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 63.

501. Livingston. Walter Livingston.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Spero meliora. Not signed, but undoubtedly the work of Maverick. Books and a lighted lamp among the ornamentations.

502. Livingston. William Livingston of the Middle Temple.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Aut mors aut vita decora. Born in Albany, 1723; graduated from Yale at the head of his class, 1741. Intending to go to London, he obtained permission to enter the Middle Temple, but seems to have never done so. The book-plate must have been engraved about this time (1742). Statesman. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 62.

503. Livingston. Willm. Smith Livingston.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Spero meliora. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. A peculiarly shaped frame. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 63.

504. Livius. Livius.

Plain armorial. Motto, Colendo crescent. Of New Hampshire. Peter Livius; same as following.

505. Livius. Livius Chief Justice of Quebec.

Plain armorial. Motto, Non flectere a vero. The same copper as the above with the name changed, the motto altered, and an in-escutcheon added. A Loyalist. Chief Justice, 1777-1786.

506. Livius. George Livius.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” May, 1894.

507. Lloyd. Jno. N. Lloyd.

Armorial. Early English. No motto. Very tempestuous mantling completely encircles the shield. An old family of Long Island; the manor of Queen’s Village was in their possession as early as 1679. Of this family came Dr. James Lloyd, of{240} Boston, a Loyalist, friend of Sir William Howe, and whose estates on Long Island were seized by the Royal Army, who allowed three thousand acres of woodland to be cut off. When redress was offered upon his swearing allegiance to England, Dr. Lloyd refused. Name in fac-simile of autograph.

508. Lloyd. John Nelson Lloyd. Pictorial. Urn, festoons, and sprays of palm.

509. Lloyd. Richd. Bennett Lloyd. Esqr.

Armorial. Pictorial. No crest, and no motto. The shield is oval, and is held upright by a female clad in the Greek manner; an anchor at her feet.

510. Lodge. Abraham Lodge.

Armorial. Jacobean. No motto.{241}

511. Logan. Charles Logan.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Of Philadelphia; lived also in Powhatan County, Va. He freed all his slaves in Virgina upon his marriage.

512. Logan. James Logan.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon. Books and a globe at the base as ornamentation, and as indicative of the owner’s tastes. Of Philadelphia. Came to this country at the suggestion of William Penn. A scholar and statesman; left his library to the public, which was the foundation of the Loganian Library. His translation of Cicero’s “De Senectute” was the especial pride of Benjamin Franklin’s press. He printed it with a preface by himself. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 13.

513. Logan. William Logan.

Armorial. Of Philadelphia. Librarian of the Library.

514. Loganian Library. Loganian Library.

Armorial. Arms not the ones on the plate of James Logan, the donor of the Library. No motto, the name occupying the motto-ribbon. Chippendale. Started by James Logan in 1743, who gave books to the value of £1000 and a building. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 12.

515. Longbottom. Abram P. Longbottom.

Plain armorial. Two shields of arms side by side under a large American eagle. Mottoes, Labor omnia vincit, and Pro rege et lege.

516. Lord. William Lord’s East Haddam.

An early engraved copper-plate; the name and address only within an oval frame of twisted vines.

517. Loring. Loring.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. Not signed, but bears some of the characteristics of Hurd’s work. Undoubtedly his.{242}

518. Lotbiniere. M. le Marquis de Lotbiniere.

Armorial. French heraldic. A lion crouches below the escutcheon, while eagles scream at either side. Motto, Fors et virtus. A large landowner in New York City at the beginning of the century.

519. Low. Cornelius Low. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Ex necessitate. Not signed, but undoubtedly by Dawkins. The frame is the same in ornamentation and style as the Whitehead Hick plate.

520. Lowell. John Lowell.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Occasionem cognoscere. Signed, N. Hurd. Scp. Jurist and statesman of Massachusetts. Member of Old Congress.

521. Lowell. John Lowell Jr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Occasionem cognoscere. A second motto is given, Deo dirigente cresendum est. Signed, Annin & Smith Sc. Founder of the Lowell Institute, Boston. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” May, 1894.

522. Lowell. John Lowell. Jr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Mottoes as the preceding. Signed, A. & S. This seems to be a lithograph made from the above.

523. Lowell. John Amory Lowell.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Occasionem cognoscere. Very similar to the design of the John Lowell by Hurd; evidently copied from it.

524. Ludlow. Cary Ludlow.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto. Fide sed cui vide. Signed, W. Smith Sculp. Somewhat in the style of Dawkins.

525. Ludlow. Charles Ludlow. A.M.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Fide sed cui vide. Signed, W. Smith. The arms are the same as on the John Cooke Ludlow. At the left a scantily robed female is playing the flute, while a cupid holds the book of music. The surroundings are indicative of a desert.{243}

526. Ludlow. Gabriel Verplank Ludlow.

Armorial. Crest only. Motto, Naturae convenienter vivere.

527. Ludlow. Gab: Wm: Ludlow.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Spero meliora. Signed, H. D. Sc. (Dawkins.) A very fine plate.

528. Ludlow. George Ludlow.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Decus virtuti soli. The festoon of cloth draped above the shield is trimmed with a string of laurel. Signed, Rollinson Sct.

529. Ludlow. John Cooke Ludlow.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Spero meliora. Signed, H. D. Sc. (Dawkins.)

530. Ludwell. Philip Ludwell of Greenspring in Virginia Esqr.

Armorial. Late Jacobean. Motto, I pensieri stretti ed il viso sciolto. Of Virginia.

531. Lukens. John Lukens.

Armorial.

532. McAlish. Armorial.

533. McComb. John McComb.

Plain armorial. No motto. The plate is enclosed within a frame made of a festoon of oak leaves above, and straight lines below.

534. McCoun. Wm. T. McCoun.

Plain armorial. Motto, Semper paratus. Signed, Rollinson. S. Of New York.

535. McDowall. William McDowall. Esqr.

One of His Majtes. Council in ye Island of St. Christopher in America. An old armorial plate of which no further information has been noted.

536. McFarlan. Frederick Mc. Farlan.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, This I’ll defend. Of Pennsylvania.{244}

537. McIlvaine. Bloomfield McIlvaine.

Pictorial. An angel seated among the clouds holding a tablet upright upon her knee, is writing upon it with a quill. A very pretty design. Signed, I. J. Barralet, inv. J. H. Seymour Sc. Lieutenant United States Navy.

538. McKelden. Andrew McKelden.

Pictorial. The arms of the United States finely engraved within a circular frame. Motto, E pluribus unum. The name of the owner written within the circle. Signed, Leonard Sculpt.

539. McKenzie. Kenneth McKenzie.

Armorial. A Virginia physician.

540. McKenzie. William McKenzie. Surgeon.

Armorial. Chippendale. Mottoes, Luceo non uro. The date 1766 is written on the copy before me.

541. McLean. Hugh McLean.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Altera merces, and Virtus durissima terit. Signed, Maverick Sct. Oak leaves and branches used in the decoration.

542. McMurtrie. Henry McMurtrie.

Pictorial. Landscape. The frame is oval in form; the rising sun discloses a small island on which are five trees in a straight row; the bank at the left hand also has a similar row of five trees, and in the immediate foreground a few piles of stone and more trees are seen. The name is on a ribbon under the picture. Signed, Smither Sculpt. A physician of Philadelphia.

543. McMurtrie. Henry McMurtrie.

Literary. Books are piled upon a table; the serpent of Æsculapius carries the motto-ribbon on which are the words, Respice finum. Cupid weeps beside a mortuary urn whose tip is aflame. An open book seems to have two words on the pages. The first one is Rush. The whole design is enclosed in a circle about which numerous clouds hover. Signed, Fairman del. Kearny Sc. The Philadelphia physician.{245}

544. McTavish. John McTavish.

Plain armorial. Motto, Non oblitus. Of Maryland.

545. Mackay. James Mackay. Belfast.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Delectando pariterque monendo. A resident of Virginia about the year 1760.

546. Mackey. Albert G. Mackey. M.D.

Plain armorial. Motto, My might makes right. Physician and author of Charleston, S.C.

547. Magill. John Magill.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Perit ut vivat. Signed, J. Smither Sct. Of Maryland.

548. Manigault. Peter Manigault of the Inner Temple, Barister at Law South Carolina.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Prospicere quam ulcisci. Signed, Yates Fecit Royal Exchange. There is no official grant of these arms; they were engraved in 1754; the crest, an American Indian, had not then been decided upon.

549. Mann. John Preston Mann.

Literary. A peculiar out-of-door scene, in which the foreground is occupied with a very tall case of shelves filled with books; the corner post of the case is made of a pile of books carefully arranged; in the distance is seen the temple of Honor, upon the summit of a hill, the ascent to which is rocky and steep; the American eagle rests upon a globe which is placed upon the tall pile of books; the whole design is enclosed within an oval border, which is decorated with scrolls, etc. The last name only is engraved upon the plate, the first ones being written in.

550. Mann. The property of Timothy Mann. Walpole. Oct.—1810.

The name is printed from type within a woodcut border; festoons and sprays of palm compose the frame, in the centre of which, above, is a small circle with the arms of the United States within it; two ink-pots with quills in them are on either side of the arms.{246}

551. Manning. Armorial. Of Virginia.

552. March. Charles March.

Plain armorial. Motto, Fortis et veritas. Charleston, S.C. Circa 1819.

553. Marchant. Henry Marchant.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Patria cara carior libertas. Signed, N. H. Sc. Very similar to the John Marston plate, below mentioned. Attorney-General of Rhode Island, 1770-17—. Member of Old Congress, 1777-1780 and 1783-1784.

554. Marsh. Frederick Marsh.

Literary. Identical with the George Goodwin plate mentioned above.

555. Marshall. John Marshall A.M.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Ex candore decus. Chief Justice United States, 1801.

556. Marston. John Marston.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Signed, N. Hurd, Sculp. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” May, 1894.

557. Martin. The Honble. Josiah Martin of Antigua Esqr.

Armorial. Jacobean. Motto, Pugna pro patria libertas.

558. Martin. Luther Martin A.M.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Initium sapientiae est timor Dei. Inside the name-frame an open book at either end; one labelled Black’s Comms. Very similar to the Bloomfield plate, and undoubtedly by Trenchard. Lawyer; Member of Old Congress; defended Samuel Chase.

559. Martin. Thomas Martin.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Initium sapientia est timor domini. The same arms as the above, but the crest different.

560. Mason. Jonathan Mason Junr.

Simply the name engraved within a flourish. One of the witnesses of the Boston Massacre. The book from which the copy before me was taken{247} had the autograph of the owner in it and the date, 1774. Eminent lawyer and statesman.

561. Massachusetts. Library of the General Court. Sigillum Reipublicae Massachusettensis.

The shield of the State, surrounded by the motto of the State, Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem, is placed within the circular frame which bears the name. Above, a pile of three books, similar to those on the Harvard plate by Hurd, and a globe upon them stand in lieu of a crest; a blaze of glory flashes out from these symbols of learning.

562. Massachusetts. This Book is the Property of the Historical Society, Established in Boston. 1790.

A printed label with ornamental type border.

563. Massachusetts. Property of the Massachusetts Medical Society, incorporated November 1781.

A large curtain, similar to that in the Harvard College plate by Hurd, is upheld by festoons; this is left blank for the recording of donors’ names. Above this an oval medallion presents a picture of the efficacy of Nature’s cures; a wounded stag with the arrow still in his side has come to Æsculapius for healing. He, in rough garb, with the serpent entwined around his rod, has directed the distressed animal to an herb, which he is lying down to eat. A motto, Natura duces, is seen over the picture. Signed, Callender Sc.

564. Massachusetts. The First State Normal School.

The arms of the State of Massachusetts surrounded by an oval garter, on which the name is given. In the clouds above the motto appears, Live to truth.

565. Masterton. Peter Masterton.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Cogi posse negat. Signed, Maverick Sculpt. Thistles used in the decoration.

566. Matthew. William Matthew Esqr. Lt. Genl. of His Majtes. Leeward Carribee Islands: and Lt. Govnr. of St. Christopher in America.

An old armorial plate; no further information obtainable.{248}

567. Matthews. Wm. Matthews of Philada. Nº.

A copper-plate engraving; no design, except a border of scrolls and flourishes enclosing the inscription.

568. Mayo. John Mayo.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Virtus sola nobilitate. Mantling about the helmet.

569. Maxcy. Virgil Maxcy.

Plain armorial. Motto, Nullus in verba. Of Maryland.

570. Maxwell. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Maxwell arms and motto. The arms are enclosed in an oval frame studded with pearls, and a profusion of flowers is used in the ornamentation, which comes as near to the Ribbon and Wreath style as to any. Motto, Riviresco. Signed, Maverick, Sculpt.

571. Mercer. Hugh Mercer.

Armorial. Of Virginia. A gallant General of the Revolution; was killed at the battle of Princeton, at which the daring plan of crossing the river was undertaken and carried out upon his suggestion.

572. Mercer. (Anonymous.)

Armorial. Rich mantling encompassing the whole shield. Motto, Per varios casus. John Mercer of Marlboro, near Fredericksburg; a witness to the will of Mary Washington.

573. Meredith. Jonathan Meredith Junr.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Integra mens augustissima possessio. This plate is not signed, but is apparently the work of Maverick.

574. Middleton. John Izard Middleton.

Armorial. Born at Middleton-Place-on-the-Ashley, near Charleston, S.C., 1785; died, 1849. Author; intimate in the circles of Mesdames De Staël and Récamier.

575. Middleton. Peter Middleton. M.D.

Armorial. Chippendale. Signed, J. Lewis Sc. Mantling profuse and reaching well down the{249} shield. Motto, Fortis & fidus. Of New York. Born in Scotland. Made the first dissection on record in America.

576. Miller. Ferdinand H. Miller.

Literary. Very similar to the Thomas Robbins plate.

577. Miller. {Bruder Jaebez. 178-.
{Petrus Heremit. 1791.

These plates, simple printed labels, were the property of J. Peter Miller, the Prior of the Convent at Ephrata, Penn.

578. Milner. James Milner.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto-ribbon empty. Of Virginia.

579. Minot. Minot.

Armorial. Early English. Rough mantling all about the shield. Motto, Ad astra per aspera. George Richard Minot, historian, Boston.

580. Minot. Minot.

Armorial. Early English. Mantling all about the shield. Motto, Ad astra per aspera. A better plate than the above. The copy before me has an S written before the name. Of Massachusetts.

581. Minturn. William Minturn.

Plain armorial. An elaborate frame, with mantling reaching far down the sides. Motto, Esse potius quam haberi.

582. Mitchell. A. Mitchell Ejus Liber.

Armorial. Chippendale. An early settler of Chester County, Penn.

583. Mitchell. Jacobum Whitely Mitchell.

Literary. The central panel of this design bears the name and the following lines:—

At the left shelves of books are seen, and at the right what seems to be a heavy press. Above, on a bracket, are grouped several implements of music, art, etc. This is a rude woodcut.{250}

584. Moat. Horatio Shepheard Moat.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Nil desperandum. Signed, Rollinson.

585. Moore. Lambert Moore. Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Virtus interrita pergit. This plate is not signed, but is unmistakably the work of Dawkins. The half-draped female on the left side is the same as that on the Whitehead Hicks plate, and the music-making shepherd on the right is reversed from the Benjamin Kissam plate.

586. Moore. Nathl. F. Moore.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto. Signed, P. Maverick. Of New York. President of Columbia College, 1842-1849.

587. Moore. Saml. W. Moore.

Plain armorial. Motto, Non est vivere sed valere vita. Of New York.

588. Moreau. John B. Moreau.

Literary. The name on an open book, floating in the clouds.

589. Morgan. John Morgan. M.D. Philadelphia.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Fama praestante praestantior virtus. This plate is not signed, but is very much in the style of Dawkins’ work. A cupid sits on a flourish of the decoration and pats a large bust on its crown, presumably representing sculpture. At the other side two cupids discuss astronomical problems with a globe for reference. One of these little fellows is an African evidently. Eminent physician educated abroad. One of the founders of the American Philosophical Society, 1769.

590. Morong. Thomas Morong.

Literary. A pile of books, some open, some closed, lies at the foot of a cross, above which the crown is seen in glory. A ribbon runs over the face of one book, bearing the motto, Sola salus servire Deo. A line of Hebrew is given across the open book.{251}

591. Morris. Gouverneur Morris.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Tandem vincitur. One fold of the ribbon empty, as if possibly made for a larger motto; a stock pattern. This is the same copper as the Lewis Morris mentioned below, with the first name changed. Statesman and orator. Illustrated in “Art Amateur,” February, 1894.

592. Morris. J. M.

Crest only. (Morris of Philadelphia.)

593. Morris. James Morris.

Armorial. Chippendale. No motto. A very handsome plate, rich in appearance, and full of decorative features. Open books, globe, and scrolls at the base indicate a literary taste. The sides of the frame are embellished with the caduceus and a cornucopia of fruit. Of New York.

594. Morris. Lewis Morris Esqr.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Tandem vincitur. Father of Gouverneur Morris.

595. Morris. Roger Morris.

Armorial. Early Chippendale. No motto. The mantling is present, very straight and stiff; the shell-work is prominent, and the whole design is rather formal than graceful. Illustrated in “Curio,” page 112.

596. Morris. William Morris.

An engraved label, the name being within an oval frame of laurel leaves. Signed, Shallus Sculpt.

597. Morrison. John Morrison. Portland. U. S. America.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Dum spiro spero. A very neat design. The sprays which are crossed beneath the shield are connected above by a row of thirteen stars.

598. Murray. James Murray.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Mens sibi conscia recti. Of Virginia.

599. Murray. John Murray.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. No motto.{252}

600. Murray. The Revd. John Murray.

Armorial in form, but no true arms shown. The motto, Malo mori quam foedari, is on a circular band which encloses a space, divided into quarters, colored heraldically and charged with absurd charges; in the first quarter, which is tinctured az., a shield with a helmet above is supported by a row of fence posts with cinquefoils between them; the second, which is tinctured ar., is divided per saltire, and is charged with a powder-horn, a crescent and stars, an ox-bow, and a crown; the third, which is tinctured gu., has Gabriel and Apollyon in combat, with a crown above them; the fourth, which is tinctured az., has the dove with the olive branch on a peculiar cross which holds thirteen spots (for lack of a better term); disposed about are three flaming hearts. This whole design is enclosed in a large shield; the crest is a man on a prancing steed, carrying a tomahawk; the supporters are a nude Indian with a wreath about his loins, his feet chained, and the end of the chain and a shield in his hands; and a crowned lion with three stars on its body. Motto, under all, Juncta virtute fides. This plate is not signed. What a pity! Very probably the plate of the Father of American Universalism, who it is said was greeted with a shower of stones when he first tried to preach in Boston.

601. Murray. Joseph Murray.

Armorial. Chippendale. Motto, Virtute fideque. Not signed, but evidently by Maverick.

602. Murray. Murray Earl of Dunmore.

Armorial. Supporters, mantling, and crown. Motto, Furth—Fortune. John Murray, fourth Earl. Made Governor of New York, 1770; and of Virginia, 1771.

603. Musgrave. Richard Musgrave.

Plain armorial. Motto, Sans changer. On the copy before me is written, of New Haven Connecticut.{253}

604. Nelson. The arms of the Rt. Hon. George Nelson Esq. Ld. Mayor.

Armorial. Late Jacobean. No motto. Of Virginia.

605. Newberry. Roger Newberry’s Property.

An engraved label with a festoon above, and the following motto below:—

606. Newburyport. Newburyport Athenæum.

Pictorial. A large American eagle about to rise from a pile of rocks bears a ribbon in his beak with the name upon it.{254}

607. Newell. Timothy Newell.

Military. The name is given within a frame, behind which are seen a various assortment of military implements,—flags, swords, guns, drums, trumpets, etc. Signed, I. Thomas print. This is a woodcut, and was printed by Isaiah Thomas, the early printer of Worcester, Mass.

608. Newport, R.I. Redwood Library. Newport. R.I.

Pictorial. A large picture of the library building. Signed, Drawn by James Stevens Civil Engr. Engd. by W. D. Terry Newport. The library used other smaller plates, a simple label, and also another view of the building with the rules governing the use of volumes printed with it.

609. Newton. Lucretia E. Newton.

Armorial. Ribbon and Wreath. Motto, Cognosce occasionem. This is the plate of John C. Williams, by Hurd, with the name and signature erased, and the present name printed from type under the shield. An unwarrantable proceeding.

610. New York. Apprentices’ Library.

A pictorial plate of great beauty. In the immediate foreground an aged man, clad in classic garb, accosts two youths who have evidently but just risen, at his approach, from a moss-covered rock on which they had been studying, if the scattered books are an indication: with uplifted hand, the old man directs them to the temple of knowledge, which can be seen in the distance crowning the summit of a lofty hill: at the foot of the declivity the spires and houses of a village can be discerned: between it and the place of meeting a broad expanse of water stretches: a beehive at hand indicates activity, and the broken column behind the preceptor is a link connecting classic history with present time. Above the picture the muscular arm holds the hammer, and oak branches are about it. Signed, A. Anderson. Sc.

611. New York. The Property of the New York College of Pharmacy.

An oblong name-label, with flourishes. Above, a{255} crucible is placed, with the rays of the sun spreading out behind it. Signed, Rollinson Sc. New York.

612. New York. The Property of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of the State of New York.